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The American

AUGUST 1970

Volume 89, Number 2

CHANGE OF ADDRESS: LEGION Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis. Ind., 46206 using Post Office Form 3578. Attach old address label and give old and new addresses with ZIP Code number and current membership card number. Magazine Also be sure to notify your Post Adjutant.

The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices Contents for August 1970 1345 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10019

Publisher^ James F. O'Neil

Editor Robert B. Pitkin BETTER MEDICAL CARE AT LESS COST IS POSSIBLE 8 Art Editor BY ROUL TUNLEY Al Marshall quarter century old shows A West Coast health plan a of a Assistant to Publisher how we could have better medical care at less cost. John Andreola

Associate Editors Roy Miller OKINAWA—THE LAST BATTLE OF WW2 14 James S. Swartz Assistant Art Editor BY M. D. MORRIS Walter H. Boll

A summary of the last, longest and bloodiest battle of WW2, Production Manager which began on April 1, 1945, when U.S. forces landed on Art Bretifield the beaches of Okinatoa, and ended 82 days later. Copy Editor Grail S. Hanford

Circulation Manager Dean B. Nelson SHOULD THE U.S. FINANCE A PUBLIC BROADCASTING Indianapolis, Ind. SYSTEM LIKE THE BBC? 22 Advertising Sales TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION Robert Redden Associates, Inc. pro: rep. ROBERT O. TIERNAN (D-R.I.) Ill West 57th Street con: rep. clarence J. BROWN (R-OHIO) New York, N.Y. 10019 212-246-2546 The American Legion HOW THEY BUILT THE NATION'S CAPITOL Publications Commission: niitn Jafues E. Poivers, Macon, Ga. ( Chair } ; IN WASHINGTON 24 Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn. (Vice Chairman) Radnor, BY PAUL DITZEL ; James R. Kelley, Pa. {National Commander's Representative) ; Lang If anyone thinks our domed national Capitol was originally Armstrong, Spokane, Wash.i Cliarles E. Booili, planned and built into its present shape, Huntington, W. Va.; Raymond Fields, Guy- mon, Okla.; Milford A. Forrester, Greenville^ here's how mistaken he is. S.C. ; Chris Hernandez, Savannah, Ga.; Mylio

S. Kraja, Youngstoivn , Ohio; Russell H. Laird, Des Moines, Iowa; Howard E. Lohman, Moor- head, Minn.; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N.Y.; THERE'S AN ORGANIZATION FOR ALMOST ANYTHING 28 Loyd McDermott, Benton, Ark.; Morris Meyer, BY TOM MAHONEY Sinrkville, Miss.; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge. La. : Frank W. Naylor, Jr., Kansa-i City^ A look at some of the 14,000 U.S. organizations that are devoted to Kans.: Harry H. Schaffer. Pittsburgh, Pa.; George Sinopoli, Fresno, Calif. George B. all sorts of causes. They range from a three-man Society ; Stover, Jonestown, Pa. ; Wayne L. Talberl, Against Pleading Others Guilty to (SAPOG) Delphi, Ind.; J. Cornelius Tromp, Manhattan. your own American Legion. III.; Robert H. Wilder, Dadeville, Ala.: E.

Meade Wilson, Mulberry, Fla. ; Adulph Bremer, Winona^ Minn. (Consultant); Edward McSweeuey, New York, N.Y. (Consullani)

Tiie American Legion Magazine is publi-slK-'l COVER: DRAWING BY HOWARD MUNCE monthly at 1100 West Broadway. Louisville, Ky. 40201 by The American Legion, Copyright 1970 by The American Legion. Second-class

postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Prire : single

copy. 20 cents ; yearly subscription, S2.00. Departments Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir- culation Department of The American Legimi. P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 4 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 35 Editorial and advertising offices: 1345 Avcmh.- of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019. DATELINE WASHINGTON 6 PERSONAL 48 Wholly owned by The American Legion wilh National Headquarters at Indianapolis, Ind. LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 21 LEGION SHOPPER 56 46206. J. Milton Patrick, National Commander

VETERANS NEWSLETTER 33 PARTING SHOTS 58 NONMEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS Send name and address, including ZIP num- ber, with S2 check or money order lo Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1954, Indian- Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed, apolis, Ind. 46206. stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1954 Indianapolis, Ind. 46206

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Letters published do not necessarily ex- Korea" (May): please press lite policy of The American Legion. give us more of Keep letters short. Name and address must this caUbre of factual writing. I should be furnished. Expressions opinion of and Uke to suggest that requests for personal services are appreci- every Post Com- ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or mander be asked to furnish copies to the answered, due to lack of magazine staff for local newspaper editor, these purposes. Requests for personal serv- high-school so- ices tvhich may be legitimately asked of cial science or history teacher and vari- Tlte American Legion should be made to ous discussion groups, your Post Service Officer or your state including Posts' (Department) American Legion Hq. Send meetings. How pertinent, in light of letters to the editor to: Letters. The Cambodia and Vietnam, to American Legion Magazine. 1345 Avenue of ask the Pres- the Atnerica.s. New York, N.Y. 10019. ident's vociferous critics, demanding precipitate withdrawal to appease world public opinion: why, 17 years after an POLLUTION armistice, the UN (not simply the U.S.) sir: Congratulations on Aaron Teller's needs to maintain 50,000 combatants in article, "The Only Way Out of Pollution" South Korea. (Junj), and for printing the Legion's Martin Merson position on the pollution problem. As a Washington, N.C. long-time member, I am pleased that my organization is in the fight against sir: The picture of Seoul as it is today pollution. I hope it will be the Legion's is amazing and heartwarming. The policy to continue publishing articles story on Korea should prove that our demonstrating the drastic urgency of the struggle there did accomplish problem. so much and was not in vain. LeRoy E. Lewis Mrs. E. Platz Columbia, S.C. South Bend, Ind.

SIR: Please accept my commendation for publication of Mr. Teller's article. The NEW JERSEY'S ROEBLING generations of the future will snap a sir: It was gratifying to see such a com- fancy salute to the Legion for leading a plete and fascinating story of John A. good and strong fight to ensure a cleaner Roebling and his son's achievement as atmosphere. With this kind of publicity, told in "How They Built the Brook- there is no doubt that we will soon "close lyn Bridge" (March). The story is that the loop." much more significant to our 477 mem- Charles J. Kudia bers who in the most part either worked

Chicago, III. in the plant or were raised in the com- munity bearing the name of Roebling, sir: Mr. Teller's ai-ticle is the best I have located on the Delaware River in central read on the subject. He is a realist, and I New Jersey. Last year, we suffered the ReveloHotthosnl highly commend him on his approach. misfortune of losing our three-story Not only does he clearly present the brick Post home in a disastrous fire. Our pollution problems we face, but he pre- building dated back to 1905 and the orig- changed since sents workable and even profitable ways inal town of Roebling, having been con- of solving them. structed by the artisans brought here by Dad's favorite Paul A. Tuley the Roeblings. We are pleased to say Lawrence. Kan. that we have just started construction of oui' new Post home and feel great club was called a sir: Mr. Teller's article was almost per- pride in being able to show an over- fect. He tells it as it is and how it must the-top membership even without a be. x\ll waste can be used and if there home. We are proud of our small town mashie-niUick. is a value put on it, it will be used. Or- and our big American Legion accom- ganic waste can be used for fertilizer, plishments. at no doubt a higher cost than the com- William G. McGrath Revelation's not mercial kind, but the cost cannot enter Roebling. N.J. made of sugar into it if we are to get rid of the waste. and spice, boys. Again, tip of Just tobacco- a the hat to Mr. Teller. I'm LIFE MAGAZINE IN VA HOSPITALS with all 5 great tobaccos. him the way. sir: The story on the Veterans Adminis- Revelation's for L.E. WiNT tration hospitals in Life Magazine of May the experienced Neio Bremen, Ohio 22, showing and claiming callous neglect pipe smoker. of helpless and paralyzed patients, was a SIR: "The American Legion's Pollution shocker indeed. Position," which followed the article on But as a Legionnaire who has often pollution, is very encouraging, clear and visited VA hospitals to cheer the pa- concise and will get results, I am sure. I tients, bring them gifts and help organ- am thankful the Legion can and will ize recreation for them. I must say that take a stand toward solution of the prob- I have not seen any such neglect of pa- lem. tients as appeared in the Life photos, James A. Jamison and had to be inferred from Life's cap- Los Angeles, Calif. tions, since the sorry days back before WW2. SOUTH KOREA TODAY The nurses, nurses' aides, attendants, SIR: Concerning Gen. Charles A quality produttof Philip Morris U S A H. Bone- therapists, doctors and all the rest have steel Ill's article, "The Situation in always impressed me as being one of the 4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 mo&t dedicated groups of people serving A FAIR QUESTION others in my experience. To accuse them SIR: A number of Senators and other of "neglect" as Life did, seems outrage- government officials have from time to yluthentic ous to me. I have found increasing fault time made public statements to the effect with the VA hospitals in other areas, that the war in Vietnam must end. Most especially in matters in which these Americans, I am sure, will agree. Not wonderful people had to scrimp and in one instance, however, have I heard inake-do for lack of sufficient appropria- on the radio or TV or read in the press tions. Several months ago the National a statement from any of them as to how Commander of The American Legion the war is to be terminated. How do they asked all of us, in our magazine, to write propose to bring the war to a close now? to give the our Congressmen VA hos- Apparently it cannot be ended through pitals more of the tools they need to negotiation as evidenced by the refusal serve our hospitalized veterans. (Would of the North Vietnamese to cooperate Life its to that had asked readers write at the Paris peace talks. It is easy enough their I Congressmen!) hope every Le- and perhaps politically advantageous for gionnaire and Post did do that, and I these officials to call for the immediate can assure them all that within ex- my end of the war without having the re- perience no such neglect on the scene as sponsibility of carrying it out. The ques- was shown in Life is credible. tion in the minds of many of us is how Now I have heard that Life posed the do they propose to accomplish this and pictures to make them look that way, assure the safe return of several hun- asked nurses and attendants to step aside dred thousand American boys in Viet- so that they could make the patients nam. seem to be deserted, asked that curtains Ferd C.W. Thiede around their beds be removed to make Setauket, N.Y. it seem that they had been shorn of their pi-ivacy and dignity, and even interrupt- AUTHOR SEEKS INFORMATION ed a paralyzed veteran in his shower SIR: For research into U.S. and pushed his attendant aside to make Army Air Corps activities in the Panama Canal it look as if he were waiting helplessly Zone and Latin America since for someone to come dry him when ac- the 1920's, White label I would like to hear tually he was waiting helplessly for the from former service Q, De WAR'S personnel who served in either- area from , Life photographer to finish so his nurse ^^ENDED SCOTCH WHISI^^ the 1920's to 1945. p'f^O^- Sf (.!( l-i WHI^^I^I' could finish giving him his bath. I have R'OoiJCT SCOTLAr-"D SSG Daniel P. Hagedorn OF heard too that it was Life who had trash Apt. 19E, Riverview pails brought out into the middle of the Garden Apts. ^obnDewariSonst- DISTILLERS;^ enema room, from behind a curtain Naamans Road Claymont, where they are usually kept, in order to Del. 19703 make the scene look more littered and ill-kept. OF BILLY MITCHELL Is this true? Certainly we are entitled SIR: Gen. George C. Kenney's article on to know the truth, whatever it is. "Some Lesser Known Prophecies of Billy Peter D. Bolter Mitchell" (June) was excellent. I would New York, NY. like to add that a lot of General Mitchell rubbed off on General Kenney, who led In next month's issue we will have a the Allied Air Force in the early days story called The Truth About the VA of WW2 in New Guinea. Hospitals, including photographic cov- Joseph J. Schmeltzer erage of the same ground covered by So7i Francisco, Calif. Life, the spinal injury section of the DEWAK8 Bronx (Kingsbridge) Hospital in VA sir: It would not have mattered in what New York City. generation Gen. Billy Mitchell had been "WKite Label" born. He was one of those rare men, MAIL CALL VIETNAM, 1970 meant to be ahead of his time. There are more than a thousand Edward Zelvis sir: Thanks to the efforts of your read- ways to blend whiskies in Scot- ers, Mail Call Vietnam was able to send Chicago, III. land, but few are authentic enough over 150,000 Christmas cards and letters for to servicemen in Vietnam last year. This CORRECTION Dewar's "White Label." The year, we are again asking your help. We In General Kenney's article on Billy quality standards we set down in are attempting the impossible. hope Mitchell, is We Mitchell quoted visualizing 1846 have never varied. Into to send one card to every serviceman in a jet engine back in 1923. Speaking of each drop goes Vietnam. It will take a united effort on pov/er wasted by a propeller-driven only the the part of all Americans care plane, ". finest who to . we have him say, . . the power whiskies from achieve this goal. It is not too soon to that is left turns a clumsy, inefficient ^ the Highlands, the start organizing into groups to give us a propeller into the air through the ex- ^ Lowlands, the hand. If you are willing to help, please haust pipes and is wasted." This actually send your cards and letters to "Mail means nothing. Words were dropped Hebrides. Call Vietnam," Villanova University, from the type. The quote should have Villanova, Pa. 19085. The cards let- and said that the power that is left turns Dewar's ters need not have stamps on them. If a clumsy, inefficient propeller. Then the you have any questions or problems, most important part of the power goes never varies please let us know. out into the air through the exhaust Robert J. Breslin, Jr. pipes and is wasted. Tom Treacy Mitchell went on to say that the ex- Thomas J. Creagh, Jr. haust should be the whole source of National Directors, Mail Call Vietnam power to push the plane forward—in BLENDED SCOTCH WHISKY • 86.8 PROOF Villanova, Pa. short, a jet. © SCHENLEY IMPORTS CO., N.Y., N.Y.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 5 , —

Dateline Washington CAR INSURANCE CHANGES AHEAD? "HOUSE ARRESr FOR AGED. NOW INDOOR POLLUTION A newly-released government study of Congressional p ollution hunters, while highway fatalities and injuries in 1 967 concentrating mainly on the dangers to life showed that auto insurance c overed only a and to the qualit y of living outdoors, are fifth " of the ^5 billion hill suffered by n onetheless beginning to show interest Tn motori s ts. Proponents of auto insurance re- the environmental dangers indoors . f orni get a big boost from the rep ort which The two GOP Senators from Pennsylvania, showed the total loss to the eco'nomy from Minority Leader Hugh Scott and Richard highway accidents S. that year was a Schweicker, have lined their sights staggering billion. on $9 lead paint. Their legislation would ban The voluminous study conducted by the from the American home paint containing Department of Transportation under Con- more than 1% lead pigment or lead addi- gressional mandate disclosed that one- tives. The bill would attack, in their third of recovery for personal and family wor4s,« "one of the most serious environ- losses came from torts (claims against an- mental problems of the poor" — lead paint other party or his insurance company), 15% poisoning of children. The youngsters eat from medical and auto medical insurance, chips and flakes of paint, leading to 14% from life insurance, 6% from colli- serious, sometimes fatal, illnesses. sion insurance and 24% from other sources The legislation, estimated to embrace (Social Security, sick leave, etc.). 80% of U.S. homes, would prohibit use of Richard V. Barber, a deputy assistant lead paint in new homes and require land- secretary in DOT, said that our auto insur- lords to remove or cover lead-painted sur- ance system is working very poorly and that faces in existing housing. the government would issue recommendations for reform. PEOPLE AND QUOTES WITHIN THE LAW MEN AND ARMS A series of hearings b^ the Senate Com- ". . . change, if change comes, "'As we plan to mittee on Agin reduce Ameri- g has bro ught out that next must come within the frame- can manpower, we must also to inadequate work of the law, as we under- plan income , intensified by rising to provide increased mili- stand it—and medical costs, the big p roblem for our not outside the tary and economic assistance law." Harry A. Blackmun, Su- to our friends and allies." Mel- senior citizens is trans ortation . p preme Court Justice. vin Laird. Sec'y of Defense. "The problem is so severe," says Com- mittee Chairman Harrison A. Williams BETTER GOVERNMENT WHO'S IN CHARGE? (D-N.J.) "that millions of elderly "If fail you to do your part "Not so long ago, if a kid was in Americans —whether they live in the heart making government better, in the principal's office it meant you have no right to complain." of urban areas or in remote rural reaches the kid was in trouble. Now it Sen. George Aiken may be said to live under 'house arrest'." (R-Vt.). means that the principal is in trouble." Rep. William J. Scherle Trouble is that available transporta- AMERICANS IN KOREA (R-Iowa). tion facilities are too expensive or too ". far away . . our government believes for the elderly who need to reach that the U.S. forces stationed in RED DIPLOMACY doctors, social security centers and Korea should be maintained at "It appears the Soviets are recreational facilities. Thus they're the current level." President returning to the era of gunboat forced to live in virtual "solitary con- Chung Hee Park. South Korea. diplomacy." Norman Polmar, finement. " editor and expert on the Rus- AMERICANS IN sian Navy. Senator Williams, a proponent of mass EUROPE '". transit facilities to counterattack the . . it must be realized that a reduction of the American AUTOS ALONE NO ANSWER country's widespread traffic jams, also presence in Europe at this time "We can never provide the feels that new mass transportation plans would not promote the eflForts mobility our citizens demand must provide special assistance for the for European unity but would and deserve if we restrict our- aged. Already, 34 cities are providing seriously impair them." Rolf selves to automobiles alone." off- Pauls, West German hour reduced fares for Ambassa- John Voipe, Sec'y of Transpor- the elderly. dor to U.S. tation.

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 .

Now re-live every major sea battle of World War II

^ lake any Four books for 98^ if you join The Military Book Club now and agree to accept only 4 selections or alternates during the next year. ^j'^* ir -k -k -k if ir ^

Include, if you wish THE TWO-OCEAN WAR (retail price $15) By Samuel Eliot Morison famed 2-tlrfie Pulitzer Prize Winner and author of the classic 15-volume History of United States Naval Operations

in World War II

BATTLES UOST andWon

Yes- 871. THE TWO-OCEAN WAR. Samuel Eliot Mor- take 4 books ison. Pulitzer Prize his- 213. THE LONGEST DAY. 874. BATTLES LOST AND worth up to $50.00 torian writes story of Cornelius Ryan. Minute WON. Hanson Baidwin. U. S. Navy, from 1939 minute account of Famed N.Y. Times mili- by in publishers' editions on to surrender on USS Mis- D-Day invasion — from tary editor and Pulitzer souri. Pub. ed. $15.00 botti sides! "Superb, Prize winner analyzes this extraordinary introductory offer. gripping story." N.Y. eleven World War II Times. Pub. ed. $7.95 campaigns. Pub. ed. $10 You're in the thick of every major sea books for 98(J, with trial membership. and amphibious battle in the Pacific, THE MILITARY BOOK CLUB offers you Mediterranean and Atlantic. Discover books about generals and fighting men, hundreds of little knov^rn facts about statesmen and scholars, conquerors and

World War II . . traitors. Books on miliary history, war and • Why the Pentagon sent out the alarm peace, important biographies and reveal- of an Impending Pearl Harbor attack ing memoirs. All are at average savings by WESTERN UNION. of 30% below the prices of publishers' • Why MacArthur's air force was caught editions (plus shipping and handling). grounded on the airfields of Manila Enjoy a trial membership. Choose any Harris 8 hours after Pearl Harbor. 4 volumes (including, if you wish, THE • How the Navy suffered more losses in TWO OCEAN WAR). Take them all for 98C, 889. TRAFALCAR: THE 307.MARSHALLZHUK0V'S 012. A PICTORIAL HIS- 894- THE MIGHTY EN- a single 2 hour battle than it did in plus a modest charge for shipping and NELSON TOUCH. Oavid CREATEST BATTLES. Out. TORY OF THE CIVIL WAR DEAVOR. Charlei B. Mac- Nelson spohen memoirs of the TEARS. Paul M. Angle. Donald. Major land, sea If Howarth. How World War I and the Spanish American handling. not delighted, return all turned mutinous British military genius behind 350 photos -many never and air battles vividly re- before published from books within 10 days to cancel your fleet into loyal figtiting the W.W. II victories of told-from North African War combined. and Fort Sumter to Appomat- landings to V-Eday. Illus. force to defeat Napoleon. Berlin, Moscow, Sta- • CLUB, Gar- to». Pub. ed $6 95 How the defense of the Philippines membership. MILITARY BOOK Illus. Pub. ed. $8.95 lingrad. Pub ed. $6.95 Pub. ed. $12.50 starred a weird U.S. "Battalion" of stray den City, N.Y. 11530. aviators, marines, - MAIL TODAY! and native Filipinos SEND NO MONEY COUPON in wild psychedelic The MILITARY BOOK CLUB, Dept. 08 LDX yellow uniforms. Garden City, N.Y. 11530 • How romantic "Bali Please accept my application for membership in the Hai" of South Pacific MILITARY BOOK CLUB and send me the 4 books whose fame was a hellhole numbers I have printed below. Bill me 980 (Plus a mod of malaria that drove est charge for shipping and handling) for all 4 volumes out U.S. engineers Each month new selections will be described in ad before they could vance in the club's monthly bulletin, Battles and Leaders complete an airfield. If I do not wish to receive the monthly selection, oi KRUPP. 890. THE WARS OF AMER- 884. TO LOSE A BATTLE. prefer an alternate, I give instructions on the form pro 875. FLYING FORTRESS. 26. THE ARMS OF • a handful of Edward Jablonski. The William Manchester ICA. Robert Leckie. Every Allstair Home. An "in- How vided. I need tal

even though they bership will be canceled. l will owe nothing. had no bombs. This 600-page book has many extra features: 25 pages of photos. 52 Wlr. charts and battle maps. Mrs. A 15 inch foldout map. IVIiss (please pritit) A dictionary of military terms. 2,500 word In- Address. dex. Two Ocean War re- City. 882. WATERLOO: DAY OF 885. IRON COFFINS. 887. RICHTHOFEN 'A 001. BRUCE CATTON tails for $15.00 in the BATTLE. David Ho\«arth. Herbert A. Werner. Did TRUE HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR TRILOGY. Mr. original publisher's edi- 40.000 casualties in 9 Hitler plan to invade RED BARON. Lincoln's Army, William E. Glory State hour battle - excitingly U.S.? Top secret ac- Burrows. Famed W.W.I Road. A Stillness at Ap- tion. You may have it, .Zip. recreated from surviv. count of U-boat warfare ace. Were his exploits pomattox. Acclaimed 3- if you wish, as one of ors' accounts. Illus. Pub. off Atlantic Coast. Illus. inflated by German prop- volume set. Co untsas one Members accepted in U.S.A. only. ed, $7.95 Pub. ed. $7.95 aganda? Pub. ed. $6.50 book. Pub. ed. $19.85 your 4 introductory M5J

Note: Book Club editions are sometimes reduced in size, but they are all full-length, hard-cover books you will be proud to add to your permanent library.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 7 —

Better Medical Care

A look into a health plan, long enjoyed by some Americans, that could benefit all of us.

THE MATTER of medical care and more and more of a miracle? And who INdoctors' bills. America's patients wants to renegotiate the mortgage just have been just that patient. But at because a parent has had a longer hos- long last, after a generation of frustra- pital stay than Medicare allows? Espe- tion, it looks as though relief were on the cially when you know that right across way. Better medical care at less cost is the border in Canada no one has had to not only possible, but a small section of pay a hospital bill in ten years—or that the American public has been enjoying about 5 million are already getting better it, almost unnoticed, for a quarter of a care at less cost right here at home, with century. about 2 million of them in a primarily Today, the medical situation has West Coast "group practice" plan that gotten so bad for the rest of us that all dates all the way back to WW2. of a sudden more people are paying at- The trouble with the traditional prac- tention to those lucky few who are mem- tice of American medicine is not the bers of what are called "prepaid group medicine or the doctors. The trouble is practice" medical plans. Perhaps the rest the distribution and financing. Or rather of the long-suflfering public, and doctors the lack of any sensible system for either too, will join them in the near future. of them. And the results are health sta- For years we've been talking about tistics that, compared with other coun- doctor shortages, hospital shortages and tries, get worse all the time despite all inescapably high and rising costs. And those headlines about miracle drugs and as long as we talked, things just got operations. worse. We concerned ourselves princip- For example, according to the latest ally with how to pay the bill and argued United Nations survey, a boy in America about the need to socialize the cost of today can expect a shorter life than a boy medicine —with sparks flying on all sides in 21 other countries, and it's not a great the of argument. deal better for girls. If you're an Ameri- Now there is increasing evidence that can mother, you have a better chance of the experts are beginning to realize what dying in childbirth than in 1 1 poorer the rest of us have known for a long nations. Moreover, our infant mortality time —that the sickest thing around is the gets worse each year. We were sixth delivery of medical care. It's not so much among Western nations in 1950. Today the question of where to find the money we're down to 16th! And let no one tell as it is the costly and wasteful method you this is because the unfortunates in by which we receive that health care. the ghettos "spoil" the statistics. Some- Anyone who has had to wait three one recently eliminated all minority months to see a specialist, anyone who groups and found we still had inferior has waited two hours in a doctor's office ranking in infant mortality— 10th! While after he got his appointment, anyone other countries continue to increase their who's tried to persuade a physician to life spans, ours has stopped expanding make a house call, anyone who's strug- and actually started to decrease for the gled to pay a medical bill which he first time in years. No wonder that at an thought was covered because he had in- international conference on health in surance knows that something is wrong. Holland almost a decade ago an Ameri- No one doubts that we have good can heard his country described as "un- medicine and fine doctors. But who developed." wants to keep reading about miracle No one spends more on medicine than ' heart transplants when the business of affording regular shots for the kids seems

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 a

at Less Cost is Possible By ROUL TUNLEY

we do. The proportion of our gross na- cilities. President Nixon has rightly strong climate for change, and that we'll tional product now going into medical called it a "massive crisis." have some form of national health in- care is the highest in the world—almost The symptoms are everywhere: surance within two to five years. In fact,

7%. or $63 billion. Moreover, the rate 1 ) Hospital costs have gone up 1 00% a recent Harris poll indicated a majority of increase is such that, if it continues, faster and doctors' fees 50% faster than for the first time (51%) favoring a

it will reach the absurd point of absorb- the cost of living. By the end of this dec- Medicare-like plan for all ages. ing all the gross national product by the ade, experts predict hospital rooms will "It's no longer a question of whether next century. In other words, after doc- cost $400 to $600 a day. we'll have a national plan, but when," tors, hospitals and drugs are paid for 2) In rural areas, there are thousands says Rep. Martha Griffiths, of Michigan. there won't be anything left for food, of communities that have no resident The air, especially in Washington, is clothing or shelter, to say nothing of doctor. It is estimated that one out of thick with proposals. education, defense or the salaries of 50 Americans cannot get a doctor under But what sort of national health insur-

politicians. And if comparative trends any circumstance. ance? If it is to be just another way

hold, we'll be even further behind 3) City areas look better off on paper, of paying the bills it won't get us very other countries. Naturally it can't go but for vast segments of the population far. In fact. Dr. Sidney Garfield has been

on like this, and it doesn't have to. It they might just as well be living in the warning of disaster ahead if all we do

has already been proved here and abroad Sahara as far as doctoring goes. New is set up an assured bill-paying system that the problem is simply one of organ- York, for example, has a high doctor for everybody under a federal plan. The ization and not a shortage of doctors, ratio of one for every 360 citizens. Sec- present doctors and hospitals, with their hospitals or money. We are spending all tions of Park Avenue seem to have noth- archaic system, would be snowed under the money on medicine that we need to ing but doctors' offices on the ground by a rush of patients who could afford spend. We have all the doctors and hos- floors, but there are ghetto areas where good care for the first time in their lives.

pitals required to deliver the kind of the ratio is worse than one doctor for Nobody could cope with the rush, says health care we need. The main reason 10,000 people. We're told we need 55,- Dr. Garfield, who set up the remarkably we don't seem to have such doctors and 000 more doctors and 85,000 more hos- successful Kaiser "group practice" sys- hospitals is because we are still stuck pital beds immediately. That's probably tem on the West Coast back before

with an archaic, outgrown system— true if we stick with our present system, WW2. curious anomaly for a nation that prides but meanwhile, the system isn't producing Most of the proponents of various na- itself on its organizational genius in busi- them. tional health insurance plans, except the ness, in science and in production gen- 4) Voluntary insurance leaves disas- American Medical Association and some erally. According to Harvard Medical trous payment gaps. Although roughly (not all) insurance companies, are tuned Dean Dr. Robert H. Ebert, our doctors 80% of Americans have some sort of in to Dr. Garfield. Their proposals for

operate "one of the last of the pushcart medical insurance, it pays only a third national health plans include some sort

industries." It's costly, inefficient and of the total medical bill. dangerous. Faced with rapidly worsening condi- Because of a number of factors, but tions, medical watchers say we have a largely the opposition of organized medi- cine—which in its time has opposed ev- erything from Blue Cross to Social Se- curity—we are the only industrial nation in the world without some form of na- tional health plan. And because we have been unwilling to solve our problems on a coordinated, nationwide scale, we are now trapped between the grinding mill- stones of skyrocketing costs and giant shortages in doctors, hospitals and fa-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 9 —

CONTINUED Better Medical Care at Less Cost is Possible

of reorganization ot medical practice in cancer. They don't have the cobalt equip- by contrast, all other forms "sickness line with the tested and proven "prepaid ment in the Kaiser Hospital in San insurance." group practice" concepts that Dr. Gar- Diego. So they brought me to the Kaiser Let's see how this works by taking a field pioneered. Hospital in Los Angeles. I was concerned look at the largest, and possibly the best, Although such practice is operating because I thought it would be very ex- of the country's group practices—the today in only about a dozen cities and pensive and I'd have to pay for an apart- famous Kaiser Plan.

involves no more than 5 million Ameri- ment and they told me, no, 1 didn't Starting back in the Depression, Cali- cans, repeated studies have shown that the savings in cost, doctors and hospitals, as well as the achievements in health,

are overwhelming. The basic idea is un- believably simple. You pay your medical insurance premiums regularly to a medi- cal group—and it then gives you what- ever care you need. While there are all sorts of details, basically that's it! If that seems just too simple to be an answer to the medical problems we're burdened with, let's look briefly at a couple of extreme cases of personal med- ical disaster, in and out of "group prac- tice." The Wall Street Journal of last May 7 featured the medical catastrophe of a Virginia Beach, Va., couple, John and Betty Baines. Their little daughter, Karen, was stung by a bee and developed nephrosis (a serious kidney malfunc- tion). In one year and four days the costs came to $57,794, and Karen ap- parently needs four more years of the Our medical costs have out-paced the cost-of-living same if she's ever to be normal. The rise, and the end is not in sight medical insurance ran out almost before that it was completely furnished at no fornias Dr. Garfield conceived the idea care had fairly begun, although the in- cost to me at all. The apartment is one of giving total medical care for a fixed surers bent over backward to pay all bedroom and it has two beds, and linens, fee to Kaiser workers on the Colorado they could under the contract. The and it's quite large for a one bedroom. River project. The idea was adopted for Baines' pediatrician. Dr. Harriett Guild, We have maid service, and it's quite nice all of Henry J. Kaiser's shipyard workers never even sent a bill. Baines said he as you can see. My husband comes up during WW2. After the war, when most wouldn't think her wrong if she charged on weekends and takes me home and of the workers had gone home, the rolls $20,000 for the care she'd given Karen. then we come back on Monday, and were opened to the general community. Johns Hopkins University came up with Monday and Tuesday are his days oft' From 9,000 members in 1945, the some special funds to help the family so he stays with me then and then he Kaiser Plan has grown to 2 million to- out. Though John Baines is a top level goes I'll for home. be here six to eight day, embracing all income levels from executive in a large firm, he and his weeks, approximately 34 treatments. It's family are now strapped financially while five-day a week—Monday through Fri- the catastrophe stretches out farther day—therapy. The cobalt treatment ahead than behind. won't cost me anything. It's all furnished Under a contract like Kaisers, with the plan." Karen's care would have been assured But getting whatever care you need at no additional cost above the premiums is only a small part of the story. The Baines would have been paying regularly. unique thing about prepaid group prac-

The Baineses would not have gotten off tice is that it has a built-in incentive scot free, because there were costs at for doctors to keep patients well and to home to readapt to Karen's predicament, hotel costs down. Other plans like Medi- but tens of thousands of dollars worth care, Medicaid, Blue Cross-Blue Shield of care under the old system would sim- and private insurance schemes merely ply have been given with no billing. pay bills (or part of them) after they've Let's look at a Kaiser patient in need been incurred. Under these plans there's of costly care. Mrs. Cathlyn Albanese, no real incentive for doctors either to of San Diego, told—on a CBS tele- save money or to keep people well by cast—what happened to her. "About practicing preventive medicine, while Thanksgiving time," she said, "I had an there is an incentive to run up the bills. In the Kaiser health plan, premiums are operation at the Kaiser Hospital in San For this reason, prepaid group practice regularly paid to a medical group which Diego and they I discovered that had has been called "health insurance" and, then gives you whatever care you need.

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 gas station attendants to university presi- scribers served by outpatient centers, 51 things like dental care, to all members. dents. Having its own doctors, hospitals clinics and 22 hospitals in California. If any money is left over at the end of and outpatient clinics, the plan grows Oregon, Washington and Hawaii and in the year—and it always is—the funds are steadily at the rate of about 10% a year. Cleveland and Denver. The plan pro- divided as a bonus among the physicians, It could grow faster if hospitals could vides comprehensive care at an annual in addition to their regular salaries. Doc- be built and doctors enrolled more cost of $100 per capita, which is approx- tors at Kaiser currently average about quickly. Moreover, it's operated along strictly business lines. The plan, except for one minor instance, has never ac- cepted a penny of government support and has never launched any community drive for funds. "We're incredibly capitalistic." re- marked a Kaiser spokesman recently. "You can't tell our board meetings from

General Motors', except the product is different." Kaiser doctors have absolute control in medical matters. And they are never inhibited in choosing a course of treat- ment by uncertainty over whether the patient can afford to pay. They know it will cost him nothing more than he has already paid. They also have free choice of patient, just as the latter has free choice of doctor. When members are first enrolled, they are given a fairly long list of doctors in the group from whom they choose a "family" physician, either an internist or a general practitioner. Some keep him for years; others change. When they need a specialist, they are referred to a Kaiser consultant by their "family" doctor. If they need hospitalization, they get it promptly. The only extra charge is $1 or $2 for an office call, just to keep the patients from dropping in to waste time. Dr. Garfield described the Kaiser plan in a recent issue of Scientific American as follows: Group medicine is practiced "in "Since 1 945 the plan has grown of its as a goldfisli bowl." The doctors in the system are always evaluating each other's work. own impetus, without advertising, to its present size: more than 2 million sub- imately two-thirds the cost of compa- $36,000 a year, although some range up rable care in most parts of the country. to $60,000. These figures, plus regular "The plan is completely self-sustain- hours, paid vacations and generous pen- ing. Physical facilities and equipment sions are enough to attract top physi- worth $267 million have been financed cians.

by health-plan income and bank loans There is another factor working (except for gifts and loans to the extent toward superior doctors. Since sloppy of about 2%). The plan income pro- medical care can lead to expensive treat- vides funds for teaching, training and re- ment and long hospitalization, both of search and pays competitive incomes to which affect year-end bonuses. Kaiser 2,000 physicians and 13,000 non-phy- doctors choose their colleagues with ex- sician employees." treme care. New physicians serve a pro- For your $100 a year you get the bationary period. If they prove incom- medical care you need. There's no com- petent, wasteful or too prone to surgery, plex contract putting elaborate fences they are dropped. In this way, doctor around what's covered. quality remains high. Kaiser costs have gone up less than So does patient care. Members are half as fast as general medical costs, urged to have routine checkups. Pap largely because of its unique, cost-con- smears, electrocardiograms, shots and scious structure. For example, each year all the other safeguards of modern medi- Kaiser doctors negotiate a contract with cine. Since there is only a minimum finan- the plan. In return for a fixed sum of cial barrier to office visits, symptoms are money, they agree to give complete care, unlikely to run on without being including hospital but excepting some checked. With no incentive for unneces-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 11 —

CONTINUED Better Medical Care at Less Cost is Possible

sary surgery. Kaiser members have only doctors. Moreover, automated, multi- Service to set up 1 8 more across the land. half as many operations as those with phasic health testing is often used to save Interestingly enough, even the most comparable coverage in Blue Cross-Blue time in checkups, and there's a liberal loosely-structured groups, hastily thrown Shield or private indemnity plans which use of nutritionists, health educators, so- together and without the careful plan- do not have such effective roadblocks cial workers, psychiatric assistants and ning of a Kaiser, seem able to achieve 'Against useless surgery. Moreover, many other non-doctor medical technicians better-than-average results. diagnostic procedures (x-rays, etc.) whenever possible. Not long ago. for example, the state which people go to hospitals for because Best of all for the patient, group medi- of California contracted with the regu- that's the only way to get the bills paid cine is practiced in a fishbowl. Doctors lar medical society in the San Joaquin under their hospital insurance, are han- are always looking over doctors' shoul- valley to give all necessary care to those dled in ambulatory, outpatient clinics ders so that, unlike private practice, eligible for Medicaid. It turned over to at Kaiser. The result of all this is that shoddy medicine and downright mistakes the society those funds that the state Kaiser patients spend only half as much cannot be hidden. A Columbia Uni- planned to spend that year. The doctor time in hospitals as those with the other versity study, made for the New York members knew that if bills got out of plans. Thus hospital care, the most fan- Teamsters Union, once found that as hand, if one practitioner got a lion's tastically expensive item in the whole high as 33% of hysterectomies are un- share, or if someone had an expensive health package, is kept to a minimum necessary. And in a study of the care of illness as a result of incompetent treat- something that the government operators federal employees, group practice's hys- ment the others would have to pay for of Medicare and Medicaid envy and terectomy and appendectomy rate was it. Consequently, they set up a review would like to emulate. only half what it was among those board to police the quality of care, using Kaiser's success in keeping costs down covered by Blue Shield. Tonsillectomies computers to spot deviations from the and care up is probably the best in the were only a quarter as many. norm. country. But other prepaid group prac- In spite of the excellent reco:d of pre- The result was that even though doc- tices around the country are doing well. paid group practice in providing quality tors were paid on the traditional fee- New York City's Health Insurance Plan, medicine at lower cost, however, and for-service basis, they not only managed for example, is the second largest in the despite the fact that every study examin- to treat all who came to them but even country (770,000 members), and it has ing it has ended with its recommenda- had $200,000 left over at the end of the been giving better-than-avcrage care at tion, progress has been slow. Largely this year which they returned to a startled less-than-average prices for several dec- is because of the determined opposition state finance department. ades. Despite the handicaps of not own- of organized medicine, often at the local The San Joaquin experiment was im- ing its own hospitals (like Kaiser) and level, which has looked upon any change not being as fully organized, its records in traditional methods as a threat. Even in infant and maternal mortality are con- today there are 17 states which still have siderably better than the rest of the city, restrictive laws called "Blue Shield Acts" even those using private, fee-for-service which prohibit group practices like practitioners. Kaiser from operating. The improvement that systematic, Despite this opposition, the enthusi- group medicine can bring to people was asm for group practice has never been dramatically demonstrated several years higher. "This is because those who are ago when H.I. P. agreed to enroll half chiefly concerned with national health 'M.J.JEE5rER, M.D. K.K.KITTLY, Ma] the city's Medicaid patients on old-age are worried, and as they look around, the JULES 5AULL, M.a RH.CI.UTZ, M.EI assistance, i.e. 13,000 persons. This gave only thing they see on the horizon that <;.k.P4RK0W, M.p. [A.A.FU5LE, M.P. researchers a chance to FRED KREPP, M.P. CfOVINZAB&.MA compare these works is group practice." says Louis J. C.KELF&EIN, M.D. L.v;vEeo, P.P.S. people with the other 13.000 outside Segadelli, of the Group Health Associa- KEVIN SCHMIC! Ma FRAMK GEE, n.r H.I. P. After the first year, the record tion of America. P-RPLUGEL, M.P. M.K.FILPER, M.Pt showed no difference in Z.N.PeTROP, P.P. 5. tM.GRIBBS, M.P. mortality. But In any event, almost all medical M.2INIGER M.o. L.LIVLESS, MJ>. after the second year, when H.I. P. care JAMES planners are making group methods a 0.0£6 M.P, r.FlEAGEL D.p.S. had a CLFLIWE, M.P. ' chance to make itself felt, the part of their proposals. The Administra- pMRO IPPeV, MP. L.L.LIWEY, group's Medicaid patients M.P. N.LUSCHE. M.P showed 147c tion is encouraging such groups, private K.RSPINDEE, M.P. ':>WAY, M.P. less mortality them the others. l?TMILtSKY, M.P. insurance companies are starting them, IKLAKKO, M.P. Since the success CLIFTON IPP M.P of group practice de- even Blue Cross is involved in setting RAZUNK., M.R pends largely on attracting and holding up several. In addition to the 12 cities good doctors, care is taken not to waste with established plans (San Francisco. their time and skills in doing things that Los Angeles. Honolulu. Seattle. Port- be In can done by less highly-trained as- land. Denver. St. Paul. Cleveland. De- some city areas, such as New York's Park Avenue, there Is a doctor for every sistants. For example, group optometrists troit, Washington, Philadelphia and New 360 citizens; in the poorer areas, the (vision testers and eyeglass prescribers) York), new ones have recently been in- ratio drops to one for every 10,000. do routine eye exams and refractions. augurated in Cambridge, Mass.: New Scarce ophthalmologists (eye physi- Haven. Conn., and Columbia, Md. Other portant in that it encouraged national cians) are thus saved for disease and plans are being readied for Providence. health planners to insist we don't have surgery. With children, nurses take his- Nashville. Cincinnati. Newark. Pitts- to wait until the entire nation develops tories, weights and measurements, give burgh and Phoenix. And the Group group practice before we embark on a injections and do other things that do Health Association has just received a universal scheme. We can, they say, con- not require the attention of busy baby government grant from the Public Health tract with almost any group of doctors

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 —medical society, hospital, school, even In Denver, for example, there are four "It's the only efi'ective answer to so- those linked by nothing more solid than hospitals within a five-block area all of cialized medicine," says Dr. J. Fenimore being in the same "medical arts" build- which have costly cobalt radiation treat- Cooper, one of Kaiser's top specialists, ing. ment centers. Since these are used less who feels that the profession should rally They also insist that with medicine than 50% of the time, the duplication round the prepaid system. organized on a group basis, the country not only wastes money but the medical Indeed, what is more American and has all the doctors and hospitals it needs, talent to staff them as well. less socialistic than accepting a private

and that present shortages are artificial, In New York City, there are 1 8 open- job at an agreed wage, price or salary induced by a wasteful and inefficient heart surgery teams in 18 difl'erent hos- scale? That's how almost everyone else non-system. pitals. Yet nine of them do 90% of all works. There is plenty of evidence to support the operations. This is not only a mis- Certainly, with costs going through the this argument.

Under the Kaiser plan, it's unprofitable for doctors to perform needless operations.

For example, it has been repeatedly use of one of the costliest services in roof and with medical care being priced established by outside survey that Kaiser medicine but a dangerous one as well. out of the reach of even the middle class, gives as good or better care than is gen- For, unless such a team performs at least few planners see much sense in just pour- erally available by using a doctor ratio one operation a week, its statistical ing more and more money into the old, of one per 1,100 patients. Group prac- chance of success has proven to be poor. leaky system in which more and more tices as a whole average one per 1,000. Since this kind of medical extrava- people bid for the services of too few On this basis, we'd need only 200,000 gance would come out of doctors' doctors and facilities and drive prices doctors to care for every man, woman pockets at Kaiser and other groups, such even higher. The feeling is that what we and child in the United States. Since duplication of costly skills and equip- need now is a drastic overhaul of the we have between 275,000 and 300,000 ment is virtually unknown. way medical care is delivered, not just physicians practicing at the moment, All in all, the record of prepaid group more oil. there would be plenty of physicians left practice has convinced the experts that over for research, teaching, administra- the old methods of practice are not good WITH ALL OUR medical problems, one tion or just practicing privately if that enough. The group way is less costly and might expect an air of pessimism. was what they wanted. more productive of good health. The old We're spending more than anyone else As for hospitals, we now have 3.9 charge of organized medicine that group and not getting as good results. But the beds per 1,000 people for the country practice is "assembly-line" medicine no opposite is true: medical reformers to- as a whole. We are told this is not nearly longer seeems valid. On the contrary, day exhibit an air of optimism that is al- enough. Yet Kaiser manages to meet all people are realizing that just the opposite most heady. Precisely because we have the hospital needs of its 2 million mem- is true. For, group doctors, freed from reached such a low point, they say, and bers with a ratio of only 1.7 beds per having to worry about whether a patient because the achievements of group prac- 1,000, less than half the national aver- can afl'ord it, are able to practice "purer" tice are so heartening, we have a better age. On this basis, we have far more medicine. They also are finding, inci- chance now than ever before of getting beds than we need. dentally, that they can earn more money the kind of national health plan that will Certainly some sort of organization than in private practice—and have de- provide America with the quality of care is needed to prevent hospitals from act- cent hours, too. On balance, prepaid we can not only afford but have long been ing like jealous little empire-builders, group practice appears to many doctors capable of delivering, namely, the best in acquiring expensive to less equipment for status be radical than our present Medi- the world. And this time they feel it will purposes rather than for the commu- caid system in which the poor run up have built into it that philosophy that nity's needs. Moreover, through charity bills of varying amounts to be paid by Americans have learned the hard way: drives they're constantly asking citizens the government. it's cheaper to keep people well than to to support this kind of waste. ILLUSTRATED BY CARL ROSE make them well! the end

• , THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE AUGUST 1970 I3 . —

OKINAWA...The Last

A summary of the battle, 25 years ago, that was the longest—and last—of World War Two

By M. D. This was chiefly the MORRIS because Japanese 1 1 0,000—more by far than the com- dug themselves into a series of defensive bined German and Allied deaths in the M.D. Morris, an editor and educator, served positions, one behind the other, at the Battle of the Bulge! witli the Corps of Engineers, U.S. Armv, Of Japan's original in the Oltinawa Base Command, south end of the island. AFWES- They fortified force of about 1 1 8,000 on Okinawa, PAC, through 1946. He is the author of "Okinawa, A Tiger by the Tail," Hawthorn, hills, limestone escarpments rich with only 7,400 survived. 1969. caves, and ancestral burial tombs of the Japan lost 7,800 airplanes (nearly all Okinawans which were denser than she could muster) to our 763, as well LAST GREAT BATTLE of the ScCOnd THE homes in parts of the island. as 16 warships sunk and four damaged World War ended in mid-June, 1 945, From these positions the most spec- (about all she could assemble). At the just 25 years ago. It was the battle of tacular bombardment efforts in military end of the first week of the battle most Okinawa. Two months later what might history could not dislodge them, so it of the remainder of the Japanese fleet, have been the greatest battle of all the — was left to infantry-tank teams to go in including the Yanwto, mightiest battle- invasion of Japan—was made unneces- step by step and man by man. To no ship in the world, and nine of its sary. Peace overtures led to the formal avail these underground enemy posi- precious remaining smaller warships, surrender of Japan and the end of the tions were simultaneously bombarded to sortied on a one-way cruise from Japan war, aboard the U.S.S. Missouri, in saturation by Army artillery massed to attack U.S. shipping off the Okinawa Tokyo Bay, on September 2. beachheads. As our battle fleet formed to Until WW2, most Americans had meet them west of Okinawa, U.S. carrier never heard of Okinawa or of the Ryu- planes sank the Yamato, the light cruiser kyu Islands, of which it is the largest. Yahagi and four of eight destroyers Place names of great battles are like that. when they were barely out of sight of Guadalcanal and Iwo Jima, Tarawa and home—at a cost of ten U.S. planes and Kwajalein, and even the Coral Sea were 12 men. not part of the average American's geo- Okinawa—a narrow, 75-mile-long is- graphical knowledge before WW2. The land—is in the middle of the Ryukyus, small Belgian town of Bastogne litt'e was about 350 miles south of Kyushu, the known in America until fate wrote it southernmost of the Japanese main into our history in blood. islands. North of it, the smaller islands The battle of Okinawa was not only provide a series of stepping stones to the last battle of but WW2, the longest within 81 miles of Kyushu. For cen- and bloodiest. It took 82 days, from turies. Japan and China had each claimed April i to June 22, 1945. the Ryukyus. Japan occupied them in Due mostly to Japanese suicide 1871 and dethroned the Okinawan king planes kamikazes — —the U.S. Navy suf- in 1879. Her claim had been undisputed fered the greatest loss of men and ships since 1895 when she took the island in any engagement in its history. The of Formosa (Taiwan) to the south. Navy sealed off the Japanese on the Thus, The carrier U.S.S. Bunker HWl burns after when the Americans had painfully island from all outside aid throughout kamikaze crashed onto her deck. fought their way from the Solomons to the struggle, and suffered more in dead the Philippines from 1942 to 1944 and and missing than ashore and on offshore either the soldiers or islands; by battle- set their sights on the Ryukyus, they were the Marines of the 10th Army ashore. ships, cruisers, destroyers and rocket looking at their first well-populated Japa- The Navy's ships standing dead and missing (nearly all offshore, and by waves of nese islands. the missing were dead) carrier and Marine bombing planes. came to 4,907; We knew almost nothing about these its wounded to 4,824, mostly Between the foe's aboard suicidal air attacks islands. The last American (and the first) ship, some in the air and ashore. Thirty- at sea and his suicidal ground defense on who had been there in any open official six ships were sunk and land, 368 damaged, the American victory was bought capacity was Commodore Matthew C. nearly all by kamikazes at which came a cost of 75,363 casualties of all types, Perry. He sailed into Okinawa's Naha down from Japan in waves of several including 12,520 killed or missing. Our Harbor in 1 853 and tried to negotiate for hundred on some days. combat dead and wounded slightly ex- an American naval base. The Okina- The U.S. Army lost 4,675 dead and ceeded our losses in the Battle of the wans. then semi-independent, refused missing ashore and the Bulge in Marines 2,938 Europe. for fear of Japanese reprisals. mostly ashore, some in the air. Our Yet it was the enemy losses which By 1944 the seizure of the Ryukyus troops ashore suffered enormously in made it the bloodiest battle of ail. Fanati- became part of the larger Allied plan to wounded 31,707 combined — Army and cal defense decreed that Nippon should invade Japan. Basic to any attack on Marine combat wounded, and non-battle lose virtually every man ashore. And she Nippon was a staging area. It would have casualties of 26,21 1 did. Japan's dead alone came to over to be large enough to hold all the troops, 14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AU GUST 1970 WIDE WORLD

Battle of WW 2

Supplies build up at U.S. beachhead on Okinawa's west coast where invasion force of Army, Navy and Marines landed

stores and materiel needed for an as- the Keramas, a group of small islands a of Okinawa by one reserve division. sault on Japan; near enough so the dis- few miles west of southern Okinawa, for Phase II: Seize le Shima, a small, flat tance would not become a hazard factor, use as an advance naval anchorage and topped island with an airstrip off the yet sufficiently far so that a possible seaplane base, (b) L minus 1 Day—cap- northwest coast, and the remainder of Japanese counteroffensive might not kill ture the nearby Keise Islands and em- Okinawa on W Day (estimated L plus the whole thing off. place heavy artillery thereon for opera- 30). Only one location even closely met tion against Okinawa, (c) L Day—land Phase III: Seize and develop addi- the specifications—little known Oki- on western shore of Okinawa with the (ional islands in the Ryukyus. nawa. (Kubla Khan, unsuccessfully, 24th and 3rd Amphibious Corps abreast, The entire operation was placed under hoped to use Okinawa as a staging area Admiral Raymond Spruance, with Vice (d) L Day and L plus 1 Day—feint for his 13th century attempt at Japan.) another landing on the southeast shore Admiral Richmond K. Turner in charge While the battle for the Philippines was at the invasion site. The U.S. Navy as- still raging in October 1944, a plan was sembled the greatest landing and support generated to take Okinawa. Instead of forces it ever collected. Outlying subma- "D-Day," the term "L-Day" (Love Day rines kept watch for enemy reinforce- in military terminology) was used, for ments from Japan to the Indies. Roving "Landing Day." The Operations Division carrier and warship units provided a le- of the War Department's Staff General thal umbrella over Okinawa and a tight listed the whole plan as Operation Ice- fence around it. Others sortied hundreds berg. of miles off to suppress enemy planes

MISSION : To assist in capture, occu- based in Japan, in China or on islands pation, defense and development of Oki- to the east or south. B-29's continued nawa Island and establish control of sea their strategic bombing of Japan and air in the Ryukyus, with the eventual throughout the operation. Radar- aim of expanding control of the Ryukyus equipped warships, chiefly of the de- by capturing, defending and developing stroyer classes, took stations from 18 to additional positions. Gen. Simon Bolivar Buckner who com- 100 miles out on all sides of Okinawa to Phase I: (a) L minus 6 Day capture — manded the 10th Army on Okinawa. keep a constant watch on the skies. THE AMER ICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 15 .

CONTINUED culty lay in a lack of complete intelli- gence. There just wasn't an abundance of OKINAWA. . .The Last Battle of WW 2 hard, up-to-date, usable information about Okinawa and the rest of the Ryu- Kamikazes chose to crash these luck- erans of Attu, Kwajalein, Guam, Saipan, kyus. less radar pickets more than other tar- Makin and the Philippines. Unlike the invasions of Italy or the gets, possibly only because they were other The corps (3rd Amphibious) Normandy beachheads, where a full the first targets they'd see when coming was led by Marine Maj. Gen. Roy S. "book" was obtained via G-2 intelligence in. A British carrier force, freed from Geiger. Its three Marine divisions were with the aid of Italian or French natives Europe as the war there moved into Ger- the l.st. 2nd and 6th. The 1st and 2nd from the area, Okinawa was a place well many, reduced enemy airstrips on Ryu- had fought variously at Guadalcanal. de-emphasized by Japan and kept under kyus to the south of Okinawa. Palau, Tarawa and Saipan. The 6th was wraps since 1879. The ground forces to go ashore on newly formed, but some of its units had The lack of reliable knowledge of the

Okinawa formed the American 1 0th served in early Pacific battles. Ryukyu Islands looms in two cold pairs Army, created in Hawaii for the purpose, Another division, Army the 81st, was of figures. Observe the difference be- and comprised of Army and Marine held in reserve on New Caledonia, back tween the plan layout and the reality: below the equator from whence the drive "Phase II —Seize le Shima and re- toward Japan had started. It was to be mainder of Okinawa on W Day (esti- used only at the discretion of Admiral mated L plus 30)." Actually the fighting Chester Nimitz. Hawaiian-based U..S. went on for 52 days longer. And note: military boss of most of the Pacific. Estimated 70,000 enemy. That was an General Buckner was esteemed as a upward revision at the last minute from tactician, well liked by the enlisted men. earlier estimates of about 53,000. In the and was a good, responsible commander. end we accounted for nearly 118,000 His four subordinate commanders were (and no reinforcements ever got through also men of superlative achievement and from Japan ) talent. It was a team suitable to the task. It is clear that the General Staff did a better job in selecting the troops and of-

ficers than it did in planning its timetable

for Operation Iceberg. It is also true that the fault was not all theirs. The diffi-

le Shima

Airfield

Okinawan drive opened up the Ryukyus, stepping-stones to Japan's home Islands.

C orps units. As units, all had met the Japanese before, as had many of their men. from private to general. The lOth Army was commanded by Gen. force hit Hagushi area unopposed Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr.. who had ousted the Japanese from the Aleutians in 1943. The 10th Army's 24th Corps was commanded by Gen. John R. Hodge, who had fought at Guadalcanal and led this same corps in the Leyte battle. The 24th Corps had four divisions, the 7th. 27th. 77th and 96th—among them vet-

EAST CHINA SEA MAPS BY DYNO LOWENSTEIN

Kerama Is

no Americans who had Okinawa's beaches—no Britons who wintered on any Ryukyuan Riviera. True, several thousand Okinawans— who resented the Japanese looking down on them as an inferior, subordinated people—had migrated since 1879 to Ha- waii. There, says naval historian Samuel

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 Eliot Morison, they cheered every Japa- As late as June 1946, a year after the nese Army," spelled out in great detail. nese defeat. We got verbal accounts from battle ended, I had to locate sites for new The Japanese soldier was strong and some of them, but they'd been a long troop housing from a U.S. Coast and hardy. He would carry out any plan to time away and none had a military eye. Geodetic Survey chart which still indi- the death, whether it failed or succeeded, Beyond that, we relied chiefly on B-29 cated areas of Motobu Peninsula and and in spite of casualties. He preferred and carrier plane photos. They always the northern end as "unexplored.'" death for the Emperor to defeat, and had had some clouds in them and showed The men of Iceberg already knew been taught that he'd die in battle if none of the low-level views that are vital what a Military Intelligence booklet of afraid, but survive if he were brave. He to the life death and of an infantryman. Nov. 1 944, "Soldiers' Guide to the Japa- was full of camouflage, deceptions and

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 I7 WIDE WORLD CONTINUED

OKINAWA. . .The Last Battle of WW 2

ruses. In prepared positions he fought well and defended fanatically, and his discipline was complete. Though all this made individual Japanese soldiers fear-

some tactical opponents, it was tragic

military nonsense. It doomed men and units to stick to original plans even when they proved to be disastrous.

This, then, is what the American citi- zen soldier had to cope with in his uphill march from the bottom of Pearl Harbor Bay to the top of the Yuza Dake hills on Okinawa. The American countermeas- ures to all the Japanese planning, hardi- ness, strength, cunning, ability and will- ingness to die was the American desire to stay alive, the element of surprise, the ability to improvise, to think individually Heavy guns of a Navy battlewagon are turned on Japanese dug in in bunkers, caves in island's hills. Ship was one of 1,300 major naval units supporting the land battle. as free men, the firm belief that they were WIDF in the right, and a nation behind its fight- WORM) ing men to flood them with the tools and supplies of war across the vast expanse of the Pacific. The Ryukyu Islands were defended by the 32nd Japanese Army under the com- mand of Lt. Gen. Mitsuru Ushijima. Unknown to us, nearly all of his defenses were in the rugged southern ground north of Naha, centered on the ancient royal city of Shuri. The forward Shuri defenses were along a natural barrier running west to east from Machinate to the Yonabaru airfield. A well-fortified defense zone ran south from this line for five miles, comprising caves, reinforced concrete pillboxes and gun emplace- ments connected by a maze of tunnels. While the southern end of Okinawa is the best part for civilian or military use, we had expected Ushijima to appear in force behind the landing beaches at the

island's waist and thought it might take 15 days or more to drive across Okina- Army "Long Toms," 155mm guns, blast Okinawa from a tiny island four miles offshore wa's middle. It only took a day.

In an efl'ort to trap and destroy rather Islands, centered 1 5 miles west of south- invasion effort of the Pacific campaign than to repulse the American invader. ern Okinawa. got under way. Over 1.300 major naval Ushijinia's unique but fatal plan was to Ushijima was surprised and appalled units converged on Okinawa, carrying six ofl'er no initial resistance. Instead, he let that we took these little islands. It hadn't of Iceberg's eight reinforced Army and us ashore to "trap" us. He would de- occurred to him. We wanted them for Marine divisions with supporting units, pend upon the Japanese surface fleet, an anchorage, offshore supply base and supplies and equipment for the total kamikaze planes and suicide boats to a site for guns which could fire on most campaign. destroy the American supply lines. Then of southern Okinawa. But they held an The initial assault wave consisted of he hoped his 32nd Army would be able unexpected plum. Their bays, we dis- two Army and two Marine divisions. to push the Americans back into the sea. covered, contained almost the whole fleet While this force made landings along Thus the landings, which had been so of little Japanese suicide boats which the Hagushi beaches, the 2nd Marine brutal on many a mid-Pacific Island, were supposed to wreck our beachhead Division faked a landing along the south- were deceptively easy. shipping after our troops were ashore. east coast above Minatoga, hoping to As early as Oct. 10, 1944, the U.S. Not quite undefended, they fell to the pin down enemy reserves. The heaviest Fifth Fleet pounced on Okinawa with a 77th after the briefest of struggles. By concentration of gunfire ever to support devastating surprise carrier raid that the evening of March 29. the Keramas a troop landing started at 0530. April 1. leveled Naha and blasted airstrips and were secured and the suicide boats were Carrier planes struck with napalm as the shipping. Raids by carrier-based aircraft ours. Promptly, two dozen 155mm guns invasion force waited offshore, watching started again in Jan. 1945, and continued were emplaced and trained on Naha. shells pummel the invasion beach. until the actual invasion began in April. Shuri and the Hagushi invasion beaches H-hour was at 0830. The landing was

Six days prior to the main invasion, the 1 1 miles eastward. made entirely unopposed! Famed news

first landings in the Ryukyus were made Sunday. April 1. 1945, was Easter correspondent Ernie Pyle reported, "'We by the 77th Division on the Kerama Sunday and Love Day. The greatest were on Okinawa an hour and a half

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 When heavy shelling failed to drive enemy from caves and bunkers, ground forces (above, Marines) were called in to do the job. after H-hour, without being shot at, and sistance rather than open contact. On waiting for them on Okinawa. One regi- hadn't even gotten our feet wet." April 14, three U.S. battalions attacked ment of the 96th Division was ordered In one day, the beachhead as well as east toward Yae Dake to secure the crest. to seize and hold Kakazu. Almost im- Kadena and Yontan airfields were taken. Oddly, the defenders were dead or had mediately the regiment was pinned down By the second day, the 7th Division had disappeared. Thus the main Japanese under intense artillery, mortar and ma- marched right across the middle of the defenses north of the invasion beaches chinegun fire. It was forced to withdraw. island to the east coast. had been broken, but enough Japanese After this failure, two regiments were Where was the enemy? By April 6. remained there to participate in guer- ordered to seize Kakazu. Again the the 24th Corps (then comprised of the rilla warfare. If there were an estimated Americans were unsuccessful, and the 96th, 7th and 27th Army Divisions) "70,000 enemy," they must be south. battle resulted in a stalemate. formed a battle line to the south. Mean- They were—70,000 and more, dug in Meanwhile, up north, the 77th Divi- while, the 1st and 6th Marine Divisions deep. sion began to work on Phase II of the of the 3rd Amphibious Corps pushed While the 3rd Amphibious Corps had campaign plan by striking at the Japa- toward the northern end of Okinawa. moved north, the 24th Corps began its nese airfield on le Shima. a little island They met only slight resistance. On the drive to the south. Scattered Japanese just west of Motobu Peninsula. Some of night of April 5, some 30 Japanese blun- units gave way until army units reached the hardest fighting of the entire battle dered into their lines and were killed or the first prepared defenses on the Machi- occurred at Bloody Ridge and Govern- driven off. nato line, running from the northern end ment House on le Shima. Four thousand Onward the Marines moved to Moto- of Yonabaru airstrip to the northern end Japanese soldiers hid in a 600-foot-high bu Peninsula where 1,500-foot-high Yae of Machinate airstrip. Kakazu and point which they called legusugu and Dake was the critical terrain feature. The Hacksaw Ridges were along this line. the Americans labeled "The Pinnacle" or Japanese still avoided contact, hoping to It was at Kakazu and Hacksaw that 'Maggie's Tit." Perfect for observing delay the Americans with guerrilla re- the Americans found what had been advancing American troops, it com- THE AMER ICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 19 CONTINUED ican platoons, squads, companies or

tank-infantry teams made it to an ob- jective only to be cut off and decimated OKINAWA. . .The Last Battle of WW 2 by concealed and interlocking crossfire. manded the beaches we needed for fair—the tide changed to the Ameri- Survivors withdrew at night, while moving in supphes, and was honey- cans' favor. A 27th Division combat fresh squads repeated the performance combed with fortifications. team broke through the defenses of until the forward enemy positions were There were many Banzai charges, Kakazu, Item Pocket and Skyview taken. The main element of the Japanese often with the enemy carrying wooden Ridge. The American forces regrouped. forces then withdrew to the most formi- clubs. These were local Okinawans, un- Soldiers of the 77th used cargo nets and dable defenses of the island, the main trained and hastily pressed into service grenades in hand-to-hand battles from Naha-Shuri-Yonabaru line. by Japanese tales that Americans would WIDE WORLD kill and eat them. The little island was secured after five days of intense, close-in fighting.

le Shima is well known as the place from which American war correspond- ent Ernie Pyle filed his last copy. Early on the second day of the le battle, he went in a jeep with Lt. Col.

J. B. Cooledge and two soldiers to locate a new command post for the 305th Regi- ment. They were exposed and forward in no-man's territory. Near a road junc- tion, a Japanese machinegun opened fire on the jeep. Everyone hit the ditches un- scathed. Perhaps had he kept his head down he might have lasted longer, but Pyle just had to see everything going on. A shell from the second machinegun hurst hit him in the left temple below his helmet, and Ernie Pyle died among the men with whom he lived and worked. The Army buried him about 100 yards west of the spot in a small military ceme-

tery. The simple, standard cross I saw shortly thereafter read simply, "E. Pyle, Civilian." In 1947 his body was removed to Oki- Well protected Japanese bunkers dotted the island; most had to be taken by hand. nawa and thence to a more elaborate the crest of Hacksaw Ridge. All Japa- Jubilant over their success at holding final resting place in the Hawaii Punch nese resistance there was eradicated with the Americans, the Nipponese issued at- Bowl. But on le Shima today stands the burning gasoline and flame throwers. tack plans for May 3. still hoping to monument which, since its erection in For the next two months that's how the drive the Americans into the sea. The 1945, has carried the mute tribute, "At battle was fought, yard by yard, over objective of the attack was to get behind this spot the 77th Infantry Div. lost a hill, knob, cliff, gulch, ridge and peak. the American divisions on an east-wesi buddy, Ernie Pyle, 18 April 1945." Time and again, in front of Shuri, Amer- (Continued on pa^^e 43) On the Okinawa southern front, the 7th, 27th and 96th Army Divisions were WIDE WORLD

still held back at the Machinato line, and

an attempt was made to pulverize it by bombardment.

It was on April 19 that 139 planes carrying 1,000- and 2,000-pound bombs were joined by massed Army artillery and the biggest guns of the battle fleet to pound the foe's hill positions "with the most concentrated firepower yet seen." The Army's history says its effect on the Japanese under ground was like "ping pong balls." The foot soldiers and tanks had to go do the job. In addition to the stalemate at Kakazu Ridge, intense fighting centered around Item Pocket and the Machinato Inlet area. At this sector, objectives of small units were named after the company commanders, such as "Brewer's Hill" and "Ryan's Ridge." Here the Americans for the first time in the war lost more men than the Japanese. Finally, with the In last days of battle, Japanese Army, trapped on island's tip, began mass suicide. capture of Ryan's Ridge—a fierce af- Above, 10th Army interpreter calls to enemy (atop cliff) to swim out and surrender.

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 SPLIT-SHOT SINKERS can be kept easily accessible by placing them on a strip of Scotch tape and then laying a second strip LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS on top, writes William Kuester of Chicago, Illinois. The tapes can be stripped apart Homes On Wheels easily whenever a sinker is needed. ERECTING A TENT can be made easier if you color-code your tent poles, suggests ARE YOU IN THE market for a house, homes either by guaranteed or direct loans Mrs. R. Amundsen of Hicksville, N.Y. maybe a retirement home, or a vaca- to qualified veterans. Paint the tips of end poles one color, ridge tion cottage, or just a cabin at your favorite Thus, that "cottage on the lake" can now poles another, and a third for the porch hunting or fishing spot? Why not try one be a mobile home semi-permanently parked poles. If poles are sectional, paint tips of on wheels? At last count, almost 6,000,000 on a leased plot of land, ready to move sections in matching colors. Add a safety families have tried it and are enjoying or sell at any time without the worry and factor by using fluorescent or glow-type this new and convenient way of living that bother of transferring land titles. paint. is as modern as the space age. And by 1980, If you don't want such a permanent this figure is expected to double. home, the alternative is the "recreational WHEN CAMPING on chilly nights, in- You have a number of choices. The larg- vehicle." This includes anything that can stead of building one fire to keep warm, est and most comfortable is technically be towed behind your car, such as trailer build two small ones and lay your sleeping known as the "mobile home." It is not a homes and tent trailers. There are also mo- bag between them, suggests William Penn trailer in the accepted sense of the word tor homes which are self-powered, and of Bothell, Washington. One fire will keep because you can't tow it behind your car; pickup campers which are small homes you warm on only one side while the other it is too heavy (average weight: 9,600 mounted on pickup truck chassis. Over side freezes. Two fires toast you all over. pounds) and too massive. The narrowest 3,000,000 such recreational vehicles are Watch the wind, though. is 12 feet wide. When you buy one of these now in use and the number is expected to houses-on-wheels, you make arrangements climb to 7,500,000 by 1980. Their advan- BEER CAN TABS make handy lure with a contractor to get it to your leased tage, of course, is that they can be towed holders for your boat, reports Otto Larson or self-owned homesite with his special tow easily from place to place. However, they of La Crescent, Minnesota. Tack the flat truck (about $1 a mile) after acquiring the can cost appreciably more than a mobile ends to the inside gunwale, and hang the necessary state highway permits. When it home, especially the motor homes and lures from the rings. They're aluminum and arrives, it is connected to the existing fa- pickup campers. Thousands of trailer parks v/on't rust. cilities (electricity, water, gas. sewage) and to accommodate them have sprung up it becomes a permanent year-round house, across the country. And wherever you park, TO SLIP-PROOF the bottom of your boat, until you decide to have it trucked some- you're "home." also the gunwales where passengers get in where else, perhaps to a lake with better and out, apply a coat of spar varnish then fishing. Its greatest advantage over a regular MUDDY SHOES, such as golf shoes or sprinkle with coarse sand before the varnish house is its price. For example, a five-room hunting boots, can be put in plastic bags dries, suggests SFC Alfred Geissler of Rad- mobile home can be purchased for $6,050 before packing in your suitcase, and they cliff, Kentucky. For a neat job, square off —completely furnished and with standard won't soil other clothing, writes T. McKie- the areas to be treated with masking tape. household appliances already installed. vick of Cicero. Illinois. Use large plastic Over 2,500,000 families were living in these garbage bags or shopping bags. WHEN your car's windshield acquires a mobile homes in 1969. Ten per cent of these greasy film and the wipers won't clean it were vacation re- homes, 23 per cent were SMALL PLASTIC TUBS, such as those in the rain, sprinkle a couple of drops of tirement homes, and over 50 per cent were containing butter or oleo. can easily cut be dishwashing detergent on it, writes Carl Cox owned by young people. Sales in 1969 to- with a scissors to form fins, tails, etc.. for of Koza. Okinawa. The wipers will spread taled $2,500,000,000. Conventional mort- fishing lures, reports Wade Johnson of Cam- the detergent and you'll get perfect visi- gage financing is available. The Legion re- eron. Missouri. They also can be cut into bility. cently called for changes in the G. I. Bill small keels to keep spinning lures from of Rights to permit financing of mobile twisting your line. TO ATTRACT FISH to your lure, or to your baited hook when still-fishing, attach

a spinner ahead of it. A flip-top tab from a can also works as a flasher, reports Mat- thew Ahem of Cooperstown, N.Y. In fact, you can make a whole chain of flip-top flashers; jig them near your bait to bring the fish.

FOR A MORE COMFORTABLE hunting or fishing trip, don't use after-shave lotion in the morning, and tell your wife to skip the hair spray and perfume. They attract all the insects that bite and make life mis- erable, reports Mrs. Perry Whitaker of Ta- coma, Washington.

BEFORE tying your trout or bass flies, wrap a very small sliver of styrofoam around the shank of the hook, suggests Russel Lea of Bellerose, N.Y. It will make them float like corks, also gives the flies thicker bodies.

If you have a helpful idea for this feature send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you S5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- turn, or enter into correspondence concern- "Low bridge, Charlie." ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, The American Legion IVIagazine, 1345 Ave- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE nue of the Americas. New York. N.Y. 10019. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 21 .

Opposing Views by Congressmen on Tlie Question . .

SHOULD THE U.S. FINANCE A PUBLIC

"YES" THERE IS AN OBVIOUS need in the United States for a we should combine two or public broadcasting system which is comparable in more plans. Clearly, we scope and quality to that of the British Broadcasting must do something. Corporation. The facts are clear. Today's children in Nielsen ratings have America are exposed to nine thousand hours of tele- shown that Sesame Street vision before they even enter school. Couple this with has been reaching and in- the fact that many educators believe a child has at- structing over 6 million tained two-thirds of his mental growth by the age of children weekly, in the age six and one can realize just how important these years bracket between three and are in building the groundwork for quality education. five years. This has been Commercial broadcasting in the United States, al- done for much less than though entertaining, has not fulfilled the instructional the cost of the Head Start Rep. Robert O. Tiernan and educational needs of the youth or of their parents. Program, which has (D-R.l.) America has wasted years of valuable time by failing reached only 3.5 million 2nd District to adequately fund a Public Broadcasting System com- children over a five-year period. Educational TV has parable to the BBC. The BBC operates two high- shown its ability to teach pre-schoolers how to read quality TV networks and four radio networks. The and count. There is no reason to believe that it cannot United States operates none. also teach school age children and adults. Sesame Public broadcasting has the potential to make edu- Street was the beginning. cation more productive and more meaningful to a wider Britain spent over $200 million on its system in 1969. range of the American public. It could help to bridge The United States spent $9 million, even though our the gap between the outside world and schools, thus gross national product is many times that of Britain's. making learning more immediate and relevant. A pub- If we want to lead the world in the education field, we lic broadcasting system which is dedicated solely to the must be prepared to be innovative and to appropriate public interest has a great opportunity for informing the funds necessary for quality instruction, based on and educating all Americans. the conviction that technology can make education In order to fund such a system we will need over more productive and more meaningful. $100 million a year by 1975. These funds can only be raised through an innovative, long-range financing plan. A number of alternative methods of funding are available: an excise tax on television sets, a use tax, an excess profits tax on commercial broadcasters, or a percentage of profits tax on Cable TV outlets. Perhaps

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this big

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 BROADCASTING SYSTEM LIKE THE BBC?

UBLIC BROADCASTING is P a vision stations than metropolitan newspapers in the misnomer for "non- United States, and more AM and FM radio stations profit broadcasting," than weeklies. It is this diversity which assures every wherein licenses can be American his own version of truth or culture merely obtained by state and local by turning the dial—from acid rock to classics and governments, public and from liberal to conservative viewpoint. If it attracts private schools, or groups enough of an audience to sell something, it is on the air. or individuals as long as If the few want something not now sponsored, pres- they distribute no profits. ent technology makes it possible for them to get it Prohibited from selling through pay-television. commercial advertising, Those who pay the bills have the right to call the stations must obtain reve- tune—and will—whether the money comes from Clarence J. Brown ad- nues from taxes or (R-Ohio) dona- vertisers, government, foundations or elsewhere. The tions from 7th District individuals or Carnegie Foundation suggested public broadcasting tax-exempt foundations. In the past eight years Con- be financed by an annual tax on television-set owners, gress has appropriated $37 million for grants to start such as finances the BBC. This would mean Congress such stations, finance their operations and pay for pro- would have no supervision over the use of taxpayers' grams through the federal Corporation for Public dollars. Broadcasting. With both pubHc and private education in economic In 1967, the Carnegie Foundation estimated total trouble, the efficiency and effectiveness of television annual costs of the system will eventually be in excess as an instructional medium ought to be utilized for of a quarter-billion dollars—more than is spent on the in-school and at-home education, rather than trying BBC. Such taxpayer-financed competition for Amer- to shape pubHc opinion or cultural tastes with federal ica's commercial, advertising-supported television and tax dollars. radio is no more needed or desirable than government- owned newspapers or magazines. American culture and our free republic will not be maintained and de- veloped through taxpayer subsidization of some bu- reaucratic version of truth or beauty. Thanks to the enterprise of individual Americans and technological developments such as cable tele- vision, there is no corner of our broad land not served by television or radio signals offering many choices of I have read in The American Legion Magazine for Au- viewing or fistening. There will soon be more tele- gust the arguments in PRO & CON: Should The U.S. Finance A Public Broadcasting System Like The BBC?

IN MY OPINION THE U.S. SHOULD FINANCE SHOULD NOT FINANCE n A PUBLIC BROADCASTING SYSTEM LIKE THE BBC. ssue, fill out the "ballot'' and mail it to him. SIGNED. ADDRESS.

TOWN. STATE.

You can address any Representative c/o US. House of Representatives, Wash- ington. D.C. 20515; any Senator e/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 23 )

How They Built the Nation

At the end of Volume 1 of his two-volume work, "History of the United design. Thornton was a man with many interests. An amateur architect, he had States Capitol," published in 1900, Glenn Brown, a member of The Amer- won first prize in a contest for his de- sign for a Philadelphia library. He had ican Institute of Architects, vietved our domed Capitol Building in Wash- experimented with steam-driven paddle- boats before Robert Fulton. As a horse- ington with astonishment. "That a structure," he wrote, "as interesting racing enthusiast, he parlayed his win- nings into ownership of one of the fastest harmonious as the old Capitol to be should and proved have been pro- stables of thoroughbreds in the United States. He was a competent portraitist duced ... is remarkable." and sheepbreeder. Thornton's entry had its faults, but

By PAUL DITZEL overall it struck the judges so favorably that they asked him to submit another. THE nation's Capitol got into the The doctor's second design took first shape it's in despite falling arches, prize. It showed a building of two wings collapsed floors, fires, explosions and an connected by a rotunda topped by a invading British force that nearly leveled smooth, low dome, which appealed to "this harbor of Yankee democracy." Its Washington and Jeft'erson for its "gran- succession of temperamental architects deur, simplicity and convenience." were sidewalk-superintended by Presi- Stephen Hallet's second design pre- dents and congressmen, who tried to tell sented a high-domed central building them how to do their job and sometimes flanked by wings that extended south to succeeded. Nearly everybody connected the House wing and north to the Senate

with the project was certain his ideas wing. It more closely resembles today's were better than those of the man who Capitol than does Dr. Thornton's.

designed it —Dr. William Thornton, who The disappointed Hallet, who was made medicine a sideline to a flock of awarded second prize and compensated unrelated business ventures. further for additional designs he had The building's site was chosen in 1791 made for the commission, was hired to by Pierre Charles L'Enfant. who laid evaluate Thornton's plan. In view of out the city of Washington. The hill on Thornton's lack of building experience. which the Capitol stands, known as Hallet was named the Capitol's archi- Jenkins Hill, a former Powhatan Indian tect. Hallet at once raised objections to President laid the Capitol campsite, was then the geographical cen- Washington the winning entry. Referring to "Dr. cornerstone, September 18, 1793. ter of the city. L'Enfant described the Thornton's exhibitions," he said they hill as "a pedestal waiting for a monu- a building lot in Washington were prom- were impractical, would take too long ment." Where the monument was to rise ised to the winning architect. to build and be much too expensive. was about the only decision affecting its There were few architects in the None of this sat well with Thornton and creation that did not cause dissension. United States at the time, and the contest "the spirit of give and take was quite con-

As President, George Washington laid drew only 16 entries for the Capitol's spicuous by its absence." notes I. T. the cornerstone for the Capitol on Sep- design. One of them pictured a "circus Frary, author of "They Built the Cap- tember 18. 1793. Washington, with a parade" of men, animals and eagles itol." natural taste for the best in architecture, along the building's eaves and another When the conflict came to Washing- and his Secretary of -State. Thom.as Jef- featured a dome resembling one end of ton's attention, he named a five-man ferson, himself an amateur architect, a football, topped with an enormous commission to look into Hallet's criti- served as consultants to a three-man rooster flapping his wings. cisms. Three of its members were con- conmiission to select the building's de- No entry was acceptable, but the de- test losers, including Hallet. The others sign, and they emphatically supported sign by .Stephen Hallet, 37, a French- were White House designer Hoban and the commission's final choice. But they born imm.igrant and an architect of out- Dr. Thornton. Now there were three and could do little to alleviate the hassle that standing professional achievements, so often four critics going over Thornton's the commission's decision caused and impressed the judges that they encour- design, recommending changes. In the that lingered long after. aged him to submit another. Architect meantime. Hallet submitted at least two In March 1792, .Secretary of State James Hoban won the prize for his de- more designs which he hoped would re- JetTerson placed ads in various news- sign for the President's House. (The place Thornton's, hut none caught the papers soliciting designs from architects American Legion Magazine, Oct. 1969. fancy of Washington or Jefferson. (Four for the Capitol and the President's "How They Built — And Rebuilt—The months after construction began. Hallet House. The Capitol was to contain a White House.") submitted still another design. It. too, Representatives Hall and a conference Three months after the deadline for was rejected. room, each with a capacity for 300, a entries, 33-year-old Dr. Thornton, of Historians writing of the Capitol

Senate room of I 200 square feet and 1 2 Philadelphia, learned of the competition building have almost without exception additional rooms of ftOO square feet each. while on a visit to his native Virgin Is- taken sides on Hallet's contributions to An award of ''1500 or a gold medal plus lands and asked permission to submit a {Turn to page 26)

24 THE AMERICAN I CGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 THE IlETTMANN ARCHIVE, INC.

Capitol in Washington

As the nation grew, the Capitol grew. During Civil years, War new wings and dome were added, shaping building as we know it today. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 25 CONTINUED How They Built the Nation's Capitol in Washington

the design. He has been accused of seek- manded Hallet, who quit. Refusing to rose to within nine feet of the planned ing to change Dr. Thornton's plan so accept his resignation, they fired him. 41 -foot height. Interior walls were in, drastically that for all intents and pur- Hallet walked off the job, taking the the roof was framed and ready for shin-

poses it would be his own. His defenders building plans with him. The District gling. That summer, Hadfield insisted supported his changes in Thornton's de- had to sue to get them back. Meanwhile, upon adding an attic. Dr. Thornton, sign as being necessary and professional. the foundations were yanked out, and who, in 1794, had been appointed one

However he is judged. Hallet, a profes- Hoban was brought in to oversee con- of the three commissioners to oversee sional, had been hired to evaluate and struction, while working on the White building in the city objected to the attic "make practical" an amateur's work. House at the same time. and he was upheld. At that, Hadfield The commission weighed his recommen- By July 1794, construction had not quit, and when he tried to withdraw his dations in this light until the issue of progressed beyond the Senate wing's resignation he was fired. Hoban was the building's central hall came up. foundations. George Hadfield. 31. a again called in to superintend the Capi- Thornton's design featured a rotunda, scholarly English architect whose cre- tol construction. He worked amicably but Hallet steadfastly argued for a square dentials were equal to Hallet's, was ap- with Dr. Thornton, and work progressed court with a recessed portico. This was pointed to take charge. Hopes that Had- rapidly. Yet building plans were so hope- the most radical departure from Thorn- field would expedite the job were dashed lessly behind schedule that only the

ton's design and it threatened to create when he started fresh attacks on Thorn- Senate wing was completed by Novem- an impasse that would delay ever longer ton's design. When neither Washington ber 17, 1800, when the government the start of construction. nor Jefferson concurred, Hadfield quit, moved to Washington. Foundations for It was now well over a year since the but reconsidered and withdrew his resig- the Representatives' wing were in, but contest had been announced and there nation. little had been done on the rotunda.

ALL PHOTOS COURTESY OF UNITED ST.\TES CAPITOL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

If

Dr. Thornton, the Capi- Dr. Thornton's design, slightly revised (his original was lost), impressed Washington and Jefferson. tol's original designer.

were still no final designs in the con- Hadfield stayed on as architect for the The 32-man Senate wing had to take tractor's hands. As Congress fully ex- next three years, during which construc- in 106 Representatives, the Supreme

pected to sit in its new home in 1 800. tion moved along slowly. Costs were Court, the Circuit Court and the Library when the capital would be moved from higher than estimated, just as Hallet had of Congress as well as the Senate. To Philadelphia. President Washington predicted they would be. Money was run- ease the congestion, a temporary, one-

urged the commission to act. It did. by ning low, and with disappointing sales story, oval-shaped brick building was put overruling most of Hallefs suggestions, of city lots, the proceeds of which were up on the House site and connected to including that of t'^e square court. In to be used to help finance the building. the Senate by a 145-foot-long covered July 1793, the building's finished plans Congress voted to borrow up to passageway. Representatives moved into

were app'oved l y the commission. In $300,000. it the winter of 1801. Sweltering in it Septem! er, in an elaborate Masonic Labor was scarce. The new city that the following summer, they tagged it ceremony before a brilliant crowd of was gradually emerging from the wilder- The Oven. While they baked in The spect.itors. President Washington, wear- ness of the District held little attrac- Oven and fretted over the snail's-pace

ing a Masonic apron said to have been tion for new settlers, and it was largely progress on their wing, Jefferson, now embroidered by the wife of General the inducement of salary bonuses that President, appointed Benjamin Latrobe, Marquis dc Lafayette, and "with great brought skilled workers in from other 39, born in England of French parents, solemn dignity." cemented the Capitol cities. Efforts to recruit stonemasons and to take over. He relieved Hoban, who cornerstone. bricklayers from Europe were mostly a complained that he was overworked and Not a man to give way easily, Hallet, failure. Slaves leased from nearby plan- underpaid as architect of both the White now in charge of construction, lost little tations eased the shortage of unskilled House and the Capitol. time in implementing his own ideas as laborers. Jefferson had long admired Latrobe. to how the Capitol should be built. Getting building materials from their whose talents seemed limitless. He had Shortly after work began, and ignoring source to the Hill was an arduous pro- designed schools, churches. Virginia's the commission's (and Washington's) cess. Sandstone for facing the brick walls State Capitol, banks, Philadelphia's first decision that Thornton's rotunda be re- was barged up the Potomac from Aquia water system and a Richmond peniten- tained, he had foundations laid for a Creek quarries in Virginia, 55 miles tiary. To this supremely self-confidenl square court. How he got as far as he away. Lumber was milled in nearby for- architect, the Capitol was merely an- did without discovery is a mystery, but ests and brought in by horse and wagon other job. one of many commissions on when Washington saw the change, "he over routes that only in the most in- which he was working. One of his first expressed his disapproval [with] such formal sense could be called roads. actions was to hire architect John Len- warmth as his dignity seldom per- By the spring of 1798, the sandstone thal, who was given almost total respon-

mitted." The commissioners repri- walls of the 1 26-by-l 20-foot Senate wing sibility for day-to-day construction.

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 —

Latrobe soon left town to build the Another problem was that construc- from hanging heavy curtains to raising Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, with- tion of federal buildings was draining the floor—helped. out resigning from his job on the Capi- the Aquia quarries, while finding new Elsewhere in the building masonry tol. Before he left he, too, criticized the sources of stone was an increasingly arches were weakening and, in some Capitol's plans. A master of the Greek time-consuming labor. cases, collapsing under loads. Lenthal Revival school of architecture, Latrobe None of this, of course, helped soothe notified Latrobe, who dismissed the said Dr. Thornton's design was an abom- the disgruntled congressmen, some of problem. "I'm sorry the arches have ination. There was, he said, not much he whom introduced a bill to abandon the fallen, but I have had these accidents could do about the south wing exterior Capitol, take over the White House and before on a larger scale and must there- which would have to conform to that force the President to rent living quarters fore grin and bear it." of the north. The interior was, however, elsewhere. The bill failed by a vote of When still another and larger arch a different matter. The shape of the Hall 76-27. President Jefferson, meanwhile, cracked, Latrobe wrote that he was "hor- of Representatives must be more of a further aggravated the situation when he ror-struck," but not sufficiently so, ap- circle; the floor of the Senate had to suggested to Latrobe that he change the parently, to come to Washington to be raised to make way for a permanent design for a paneled ceiling in the House study the problem. Less than eight weeks meeting room for the Supreme Court, chamber and install panes of glass to later, arches collapsed under the Senate and most of all, the Capitol must face provide better lighting. floor and Lenthal was killed by falling east instead of west, as Dr. Thornton Latrobe objected. The glass, he said, masonry. Latrobe's investigation traced had laid it out. would leak and the skylight would cast the accident to building haste and econo- Exactly why the direction should be a crazy-quilt of shadows on the floor. mies in construction. Henceforth, said changed is unclear, but he convinced Jefferson was insistent. Latrobe was ada- Latrobe, he would build at a pace and

Jefferson and the change was made. In mant. Jefferson made it an order. La- quality that his expertise decided, and Latrobe, Dr. Thornton had met more trobe instructed Lenthal to ignore the that seemed to end the matter. than his match and he fought a desperate President and proceed to panel the ceil- By 1812. the Capitol had progressed

iilif:

I i I I I III I u

This design by Stephen Hallet was turned down in favor of Thornton's. Rooster weather vane tops this unaccepted design.

but losing battle to keep his design intact. ing. When Jefferson saw the panels, he to a "U"-shaped form. Slight domes and By summer, 1804, the House wing ex- "warmed up the English language" in cupolas capped the north and south terior reached to the height of the main a letter to Lenthal, ordering him to pull wings, which were connected by a col- floor. The Oven, now in the way, was as many workers as required off what- umned passageway. On August 24, 1814, demolished and the Representatives ever jobs they were doing and to im- in our war with the British, enemy moved back into the jam-packed Senate mediately replace the panels with glass. troops invaded the capital and burned wing. Building continued at a sluggish most of the public buildings, the Capitol pace, while mounting discontent with among them. In the aftermath. Congress Latrobe's absences erupted in Congress. debated whether to move the capital Latrobe would not leave work on the from Washington. But the pleas of citi- canal to face his critics, but he sent zens to retain the site and particularly word that the lag was not due to his the gesture of a group of private business- absence, but rather to the ever-present men who put up a building for Congress" congressmen themselves who slowed the use during reconstruction induced them pace by their demands for detailed on- to drop the action. Congress accepted the-!-ccnc explanations of every last con- the building, which became knrwn as struction detail. Moreover, he said, con- the Brick Capitol. gressional appropriations were niggardly Latrobe designed a new semicircular and made at the wrong time of year. Charles Bulfinch Thomas Walter Hall of Representatives, which he was completed Capitol present "No orders can be given till the legis- added confident would solve the acoustic prob- building in 1829. wings and dome. lative will is known, which has hitherto lems of the old. Progress was severely always been at the latter end of the ses- Learning of this Latrobe wrote Lenthal: hampered by the sandstone shortage and

sion," Latrobe wrote. "It is the general "You and I are both blockheads. Presi- Congress again became irritated at La-

practice of all those . . . who hire . . labor dents are the only architects. . There- trobe's frequent absences. Late in 1817, to engage their hands on the 1st of Jan- fore let us fall down and worship them. a personality clash with District Com- uary; on that day all the best laborers God bless thee. Be moderate with the missioner Samuel Lane was compounded are disposed of for the season. Those lime." by the commission's refusal to assign who are afterward hired are few, expen- When the Representatives finally got work supervisors of Latrobe's choosing. sive, and generally inferior hands. Unless their Hall in 1807 they found that they Latrobe quit and was replaced by archi- (laborers) can be employed during the were working in an acoustical nightmare. tect Charles Bulfinch, 55, of Boston, a winter, they cannot be depended upon Speakers' voices echoed and rebounded friend of President James Monroe. until ." some time in July. . . about the chamber. No solution tried {Continued on page 49)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 27 By TOM MAHONEY If you are a male descendant of one who wanted to overcome their fear of of George Washington's officers you are flying through mutual support. YOU'RE THINKING of forming some IF eligible for the Society of the Cincinnati. Man Will Never Fly Memorial So- sort of a club for a very special pur- This dates from 1783, is our oldest pa- ciety. Its members are aviation enthusi- pose wait! Maybe it already exists. — triotic organization, and has a marble asts—writers and others—who spoof There are probably thousands in- of palace in Washington, D.C., that cost those who have little faith in scientific formal local clubs or societies little $1 million back in 1905. progress. With tongue in cheek, they known to anyone but their members, One male descendant of each soldier claim the moon landings were really films such as a three-man organization called and sailor of the War of 1812 is eligible from a Nevada desert and a Michigan SAPOG. The three SAPOGs simply for The Military Society of the War of quarry. Only birds fly, they pretend. Men have lunch in New York now and then 1812. If you had an ancestor who helped drink. to cuss all out self-righteous posturers. put down the protest against the whiskey The American Cetacean Society. Ceta- They formed SAPOG to express their tax in Pennsylvania, you can join the ceans are sea mammals like whales and mutual irritation with those TV and Society of the Whiskey Rebellion of porpoises (not seals), and this Los An- news characters who are always telling 1794. If you had a grandfather who geles society is a serious study group the rest of us how bad we are. SAPOG marched from Atlanta with Sherman, devoted to whales, porpoises, dolphins, stands for Society Against Pleading you can join the Sons of Sherman's etc. There is also a First Society of Whale Others Guilty. Anyone can form his March to the Sea, formed in 1966 by Watchers in Honolulu, which will ob- own chapter, one of them told me. Stan Schirmacher of Tempe, Ariz. One serve Whale Watching Week starting No man knows how many unorgan- of his grandfathers. Christian Middle- Oct. 31. ized local groups like SAPOG there are. stadt, was a drummer boy with Sherman. Saved by the Belt Chih. The Ohio hut the United States has at least 14.000 If you are short you are eligible for Highway Safety Department got this well organized national special groups, the Litde People of America, Inc., many going. The members are motorists who associations, orders, leagues or societies of whom are less than 4 feet tall. If you have escaped death or serious injury be- listed in Gale's Encyclopedia of Associ- are a woman of at least 5 feet 10 inches cause they had their seat belts fastened. ations, published by the Gale Research or a man 6 feet 2 inches you qualify for Youth Franchise Coalition. This is an Co., Book Tower, Detroit. Mich. 48226 Tall Clubs International, which has 2,000 alliance formed in 1969 of various They include fan clubs, study groups, members, 33 local groups, sponsors a groups that lobby for lowering the vot- musical fraternities, collectors, blood Miss Tall Universe Contest. There is a ing age to 18 by state or national legis- relatives, people with the same name, Short Finger Club of North America lation. historical groups, puzzle makers and for men who have lost one or more fin- There are societies to defend the solvers, people with the same fear, food gers. Milwaukee has had a Silent Club names of historical figures who don't lovers, and many groups that defy classi- for deaf people since 1918. There are come off well in accepted history. One fication, such as airplane col- WW2 clubs for fat people and people who stut- of these is the Friends of Richard III, lectors and an association folks of with ter. Neurotics Anonymous now claims Inc., a group founded by 75 people in high IQ measurements. These are in ad- 5.000 members in 250 chapters. New York. Richard III. second of the dition to the well-known trade associa- tions, professional groups, fraternities, etc. such as the American Medical As- sociation, The American Legion and its alfiliates, the AFL-CIO, Phi Beta Kappa and so on.

Gale's Vol. 1 "National Organizations in the United States" ($32.50). has the basic list. It includes almost any group to fit the heading that you can think of and more that you can't. It takes 1.331 large pages to do it, including index. It's latest edition is updated to 1968. Several thousand Americans today are members of the General Society of May- flower Descendants, the best known of strictly genealogical organizations. There are others. If you have the right ancestor and possess "good moral character," you are eligible to join the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Inde- pendence. Its annual Congress and elec- tion are held in Independence Hall, Philadelphia, on the Saturday nearest May 15, the date the Virginia Assembly New groups spring up regularly. Not York faction to rule as King of England first moved for independence. The Roll ail of them are listed in Gale because after the War of the Roses, died in 1485. of Signers is read and descendants rise to they are not national in scope. Some History connects him with eight mur- their ancestor's name. It has patriotic and that were first publicized recendy in- ders (two his own nephews) in order commemorative projects. Franklin clude: to secure his claim to the throne follow- Bache Satterthwaite is the current Presi- Flying Without Fear, organized in ing the death of his brother, Edward IV. dent-General. New York in 1969 by a group of people Shakespeare opens his play, "King

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 There's an Organization for Almost Anything

A goodly sample of some of the many associations in the U.S. set up to satisfy almost any hobby or interest.

Richard the Third," with Richard plot- ting the ruin of his other brother, George, Duke of Clarence, to begin on his alleged path of slaughter to the throne. His first words in the play are

the famous line "Now is the winter of ." our discontent. . . The late Tallulah Bankhead. one of the 75 founders of the Friends of Richard III, Inc., outlined the

club's goals in these words: "Libeled by years 500 ago, Richard was "buried adds that while Richard had some de- history, fouled by legend. Richard III without honor in the church of the Grey- formity there is no evidence that he was must be whitewashed and his bones find friars," says the Encyclopaedia Bri- hunchbacked. Shakespeare, more than a their deserved crypt in Westminster tannica. It also notes that his memory century after Richard's death, perpetu- Abbey." may suffer because Richard's chief bi- ated him as "crooked-back." and that's When he was killed in battle against ographer of his own times was his bitter how he's generally conceived today. Henry Tudor near Milford Haven almost political foe. Archbishop Morton. It For a New York society to overcome

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 29 CO NT.NUEoThere's an Organization for Almost Anything

Shakespeare's portrait is quite a chal- Sherlock Holmes' supposed 1 1 6th birth- lars in other American cities are each lenge. So much of our impression of day last Jan. 9. Some of them came with named after a Holmes story or some- Richard comes from Shakespeare, who hat, cape and bent smoking pipes like thing in one of them, and there are affili- gradually altered Richard's character to Holmes'. They toasted various people in ated Holmes societies in England, Den- suit dramatic purposes, that in 1900 the Holmes stories and recited the Mus- mark and The Netherlands. G.B. Churchill compiled a history called grave Ritual. That was a "meaningless" Further, Mrs. Mary Ann Rabe, of "Richard the Third up to Shakespeare." message in the Holmes story, "The Mus- Ferndale, Mich., is listed in Gale as the The Burr family of America and grave Ritual." It was recited as a family head of Mary Morston's Companions, a scholars interested in Aaron Burr are tradition by each generation of the fic- society founded in 1957. It's a group of organized in the Aaron Burr Association. tional Musgrave family until Sherlock wives of Sherlock Holmes fans. The orig- An editor who slights Aaron Burr more Holmes solved a mystery by figuring out inal Mary Morston was the first wife of than the precise facts what it of history permit meant. Sherlock's companion. Dr. Watson. The is apt to get a letter of correction from One of the modern Baker Street Ir- stated duties of the Companions are to a modern Burr, written on the society's regulars, mystery writer Herbert Brean, "sit ." at home and whine. . and Mrs. letterhead. Burr, like Richard III, can be painted white or black. His political ambition, his land schemes and his killing of Alexander Hamilton in a duel at Weehawken, N.J., permit an un- friendly portrait indeed. But if you knock him in print the Burrs are watch- ing to see that you avoid "fallacies and half-truths."

A society that gets a lot of publicity is the Baker Street Irregulars, founded

in 1934. To understand its language it is best to have read all of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes detective stories—preferably several times. If you've done that, nothing about the Baker Street Irregulars needs explaining. If you haven't, everything does. The Baker Street Irregulars have many local chapters in the United States, in- cluding not a few illustrious people. Their specialty is the playful worship of Doyle's The First Society of Whale Watchers will observe Whale Watching Week starting Oct. 31 "sacred writings" about Sherlock Holmes. entertained the society's 1970 birthday Rabe's official title is "Knitter." But the The ori'^inal Baker Street Irregulars party by "explaining on the phone" to Companions have a library of Holmes were in the stories about Sherlock. They Edgar Allen Poe and Conan Doyle why items and a publication. were the small boys who played and a modern editor wouldn't publish their Many specialized societies have a gift loafed and ran errands on Baker Street works. The Holmes stories had a villain for mixing fun with serious purpose, in London, where the fictional Sherlock named Moriarity, which would never do, which is perhaps an enviable trait. Not a Holmes lived at Number 221-B. They said Brean, because the "Irish are aw- few have no meeting place except a would spy on anybody for Holmes, and fully sensitive." Two other Holmes specified tavern, which doesn't neces- told him all he wanted to know about stories were taboo because some Mor- sarily mean that the society is only an what went on in the streets. The Ameri- mons and some East Indians were shown excuse for a night out for its members. can society of the same name is fa- so in a poor light. Others have chosen joke names, and mous that murder stories have been Dr. Julian Wolff, of New York, is the put a lot of horseplay and nonsense in written about it. Best known is "The head of the Baker 'Street Irregulars and their ritual and titles while still being Case of the Baker Street Irregulars," by edits The Baker Street Journal, a quar- deadly serious in their purpose. A good Anthony Boucher involving two mur- — terly magazine with a worldwide circu- example is the Confederate Air Force, ders—as some of the Irregulars prepare lation of 900 subscribers. It has fun with made up largely of WW2 airmen of the to advise on filming a Holmes story in the characters and plots in Holmes Army, Navy and Marine Corps. The Hollywood. Members also dream up stories. The late Edward Smith, a Gen- name itself is a joke, and the Confederate sometimes irreverent, imaginary exploits eral Motors vice president, edited the Air Force pretends that its commander for periods of Holmes' life not covered magazine until his death in 1960. Smith is a fictitious Col. Jethro E. Culpeper. by Conan Doyle. A 1946 story had him had succeeded in getting his hometown. More buffoonery may be found when the investigating the famous murder of Liz- Morristown, N.J., to cooperate in mak- CAE holds a function. Thus, when Gen. zie Borden's parents in Fail River, Mass. ing his address there be 221-B Baker James H. Doolittle, of Tokyo Raid fame, A 1968 story by Henry T. Parry even Street. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was inducted into the CAF as one more "proved" that Holmes himself was re- had Secret Service quarters at his WW2 of its colonels on April 19, 1966. at sponsible for the murder. Maryland retreat designated 221-B Mercedes, Tex., he and the CAF mem- Ninety-six of men, many them listed Baker Street. bers present wore the string ties and in Who's Who In America, paid $16 a Chapters of the Baker Street Irregu- other regalia of a southern gentleman of plate at a dinner in New York observing ILLUSTRATEO BY BOB CLARKE a century ago.

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 Yet the CAF is completely serious in Air Force Colonel" William Riddle, Ad- admits people who score in the highest its main mission to preserve specimens ministrator of the Ramapo General 2% on various intelligence tests. The of every aircraft that saw military duty Hospital in Spring Valley, N.Y. 10977, idea crossed the Atlantic in 1957, and in WW2. It has a museum of them, with wrote to this magazine to ask its readers today two thirds of Mensa's 18,000 almost every type of U.S. fighting plane to tell the CAF if any of them know members are in the United States and of WW2 in the collection. They are where there is a specimen of any WW2 Canada. One of the social service pro- housed in a former Air Force installa- military plane—either Allied or enemy grams that Mensa got into was the re- tion at Harlingen, Tex., where "Confed- —that the CAF might possibly still need habilitation of convicts who have high erate Air Force Colonel" Lloyd Nolen IQ's. To be eligible to join Mensa [50 E. is in full-time charge. 42nd St., N.Y. 10017] you must score The CAF says that thousands of 144 on the Stanford-Binet test, 130 on people visit its WW2 aircraft museum. the Wechsler Adult test or 140 on the Fearful that some of these craft will Army General Classification test. completely pass out of existence, its Another brainy group, whose mem-

motto is: "They Shall Not Be De- bers have more in common, is the Amer- stroyed." It all started in the mid-50's ican Cryptogram Association. Their in- when some of today's members bought terest lies in the deciphering of secret

a North American P-5 1 Mustang and codes. Some of the 460 members were a Grumman F85 Bearcat from surplus, just to have fun flying them again. The idea of a serious collection began about the time they discovered that they could no longer get a P-47 Thunderbolt. None existed in flying condition, while F4F Wildcats, P-39 Airacobras and P-40 Warhawks were "near extinction." When they further learned that neither the Air Force nor the Navy had pre- served one of each "for museum pur- poses," the CAF was formed with that as its goal. Last March, "Confederate

The late Auguste Escoffier, the great French chef, has his food-loving Friends.

for its growing collection. Last October there were 30 different types of WW2 planes in the museum collection, 26 American, three British and one Ger- man.

There is also a Confederate High Command, based in Nashville and or- ganized in 1958, which claims more than

1,000 members. Gale says that it is an "affiliation of 'military units' in the style of the original Confederate Army seek- Friends of W.C. Fields drink rather than ing to the 'keep aglow memory of the dine and watch his old movies on late TV. " men who served in gray,' and that it recruited through notices in this "reenacts Civil War battles and skirm- maga- zine ishes, some in cooperation with the from among former miUtary code are Union Army of Commemoration, a simi- experts who Legionnaires. The publication, lar organization." The latter plays the ACA's The Cryptogram, part of federal troops in these reenact- comes out six times a year, offering its readers code ments. Both groups are involved in Civil messages and cryptanalysis a level for experts. War expertise, research and battlefield comments on The preservation. current secretary is listed in Gale as R. Decker, 10 Lauderdale Road. Wood- When a London professor, Sir Cyril bury, N.J. 08096.- Burt, went on a BBC broadcast in 1 945 {Turn to next page) to suggest that highly intelligent people should band together, the idea was picked up by a London lawyer, Roland Among most durable fan clubs is Inter- * Asterisks here or elsewhere indicate Berrill. national Society of Crosby Collectors. He formed Mensa, which only latest listing in Gale, which is for 1968.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 31 —

CO NTiNUEoThere's an Organization for Almost Anything

The brain has nothing on the stomach down a few. A gathering place for Man- composed for these instruments. or the ear when it comes to special or- hattan members is Charley O's restau- There are also organizations for ganizations. There are people to whom rant near Radio City, which has a big choral conductors, military bandsmen, good food, excellently prepared, is one picture of Fields on the wall with this Catholic bandmasters, string music, of life's sweetest things. A group of them caption: "A woman drove me to drink. ethnic music, early recorded music, has centered its attention on the late I'll be a son of a gun, but I never thanked Asian music, medieval music, symphony Auguste Escoffier. He was the French her." music, music therapy. Wind musicians, chef who made the Ritz of Paris the most Though the appeal of food and drink young musicians, student musicians, celebrated eating place in the world in is powerful as a reason to get together, Methodist musicians, southeastern com- his time. Escoffier died at the age of music appreciation is also a bond to posers, Jewish composers, Hollywood 88 in Monte Carlo, on Feb. 22. 1935. draw men and women into societies. composers, bell ringers, singing teachers, He left behind his own memorial to his Among the larger all-male fraternities in opera musicians, school orchestras, sheet art. the Guide Citlinciire. which was pub- the world is the 32,000-member Society music collectors, concert artists, country lished in English as "The Escoffier Cook for the Preservation and Encouragement music . . . and many more. Book" in 1950 by the Crown Publish- of Barber Shop Quartet Singing in Amer- Among the earliest of recorded fan ing Co. A society called The Friends of ica, Inc. Based in Harmony Hall in clubs, devoted to some living person and Escoffier also perpetuates his name and Kenosha. Wis., it has grown to 675 chap- his works, was the original London works. It maintains a museum of cook- ters since its 1938 founding in Tulsa, Browning Society formed in 1881 to cry at Villeneuve-Loubet. France, where Okla. Then, 26 men responded to the study the works of the poet Robert Escoffier was born. Its members gather Browning, then living. Many Browning every year or two, usually in a great hotel societies are still active—35 in this coun- in one of the world's largest cities, to try, with six in Dallas alone. The New consume extraordinary dinners often York group has an option to buy for prepared by the members themselves. $270,000 Browning's Casa Guidi apart- Even when they do their own cooking, ment in Florence, Italy. the tab for the food and wine can come to $50 or so per person. One dinner at the Somerset Hotel in Boston lasted more than four hours, with no speeches and no head table to inter- fere with eating. Nor was any talk al- lowed about "business, politics, religious belief" or the personal opinions of mem- bers or guests, lest it damage good diges- tion. The Boston Globe called the affair an "epicurean version of a 50-mile hike."

The actual name of the group is the French form: "Les Amis d' Escoffier." One club was formed by members of a jury, all of whom were musically inclined. The Ex-De Moines'rs Drinkin', Eatin', and Gossipin' Society meets every other call of Rupert 1. Hall and the late Owen In this century, as everyone knows, December in New York. As the name C. Cash to encourage barber shop sing- fan clubs have proliferated in all direc- suggests, it's composed chiefly of people ing as a "last remaining vestige of hu- tions, and few singers or actors of star who have made it in the East after start- man liberty." That refers to women run- rank would like to be caught without ing life in Des Moines, Iowa. John Mack ning things, but the barber shoppers one. Carter, publisher of the Ladies Home have had a female harmonizing equiva- One of the most durable is the Inter- Journal; Jesse Gorkin. editor of Parade, lent since 1947 in the Sweet Adelines, national Society of Crosby Collectors, and nol a few others well known in pub- based in Tulsa, with more than 1 8,000 which has 5,000 members, of which lishing and broadcasting are among the members and 450 chapters. The barber 1,000 are in the United States. Bing members. The club has a slight problem. shoppers have a library of 120,000 old Crosby is its hero, his records are its Some members came East because other songs, and hold regional, national and specialty, and Fred Romary, Jr., a Navy members fired them from jobs back in international singing contests. They pub- veteran of Korea, heads it. He is co- Iowa. This is said to put a strain on con- lish a magazine—The Harmonizer—and editor of the monthly "Crosby Col- viviality at the luncheons. "Every other the Sweet Adelines publish The Pitch lector," published in London. Romary year is enough," explains one of them. Pipe. Male quartets from Chicago, 111., cuts about ten tape interviews with Bing "Some of these guys can't stand each and Dundalk, Md.. recently sang for each year. other any oftener." But it can't be all that troops in Vietnam, and the barber shop- A recent issue of the "Crosby Col- bad or they wouldn't meet at all. pers support an institute in Wichita, lector" listed 22 of Bing's records which The Friends of Fields drink rather Kan., for the correction of children's have sold more than a million each, and than dine. Their hero is the late, beloved speech defects. reprinted an interview in which he con- comedian, W.C. Fields. Their favorite Another musical group is the Ameri- fessed to being 65 and worth $3.5 mil- occupation as a society is to meet around can Society of Ancient Instruments in lion. It also quoted a reader as saying: TV sets to watch W.C. Fields movies Philadelphia. It promotes interest in an- "I collect everything Bing has ever made usually on the late-late show—either in cient European instruments, especially or ever will make. If he so much as a member's home or a neighborhood bar. several old-time violas and the harpsi- coughs on a record. I want it. In my After the movie they swap stories, and chord, through performances of music (Continued on page 52)

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH VETERANS NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU AUGUST 1970

SENATE CONSIDERS $9 BILLION VA amounts provided for disability BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1971: ratings of 10^ through 40^; increase by about 11^ for the ratings of 50% A $9 billion Veterans Administra- through 90 ; and increase the tion budget for Fiscal 1971 to help % amount for total disability by 12^ that agency continue its job of pro- (from $400 to $450) ... The viding top quality medical care for dependency allowance payable to vet- veterans was being considered by erans rated 50% through 90% or more Congress as Veterans Newsletter disabled would be increased by 11%, went to press . . .The largest ap- and 12% for total disability . . . propriation request in VA history, it The effective date of the bill was started out at $8,960,528,000 and still undecided as this went to was raised $25 million by the House press, as were some other to $8,985,528,000 ... It went be features . . . Fuller details will Senate where it was over to the published when the bill is made law. raised another $100 million by the Senate Committee on Appropriations to IMPROVEMENTS IN VETERANS PENSION $9,085,528,000 . . . Following that, BENEFITS AWAITING PASSAGE OF the budget request went back to the SOCIAL SECURITY ADMENDMENTS: House for its approval of the change ... Of the $100 million Pension legislation designed to im- added by the Senate Appropriations prove the VA pension program by off- committee, $80 million was earmarked setting increases in Social Security for use in the VA's medical program and other types of retirement in any way the Administrator felt it income that might result in reduced January was should be allocated . . . This was veterans pension next in addition to the previous request awaiting passage of amendments to . . . Late in May of $1,777,200,000 . . . The other Social Security law $20 million was tabbed for con- the House passed and sent to the struction or renovation of hospital Senate legislation to increase Social

and domiciliary facilities . . . The Security monthly benefits by 5% Legion has long called for a effective January 1, 1971, along with realistic infusion of funds into the some other improvements . . . This VA system so that a revitalized hos- latest 5% increase — if passed—will pital and domiciliary construction not affect VA pension levels until

. . . the Social program could move forward . . . January 1, 1972 Once Hand in hand with that, the Legion Security amendments are enacted, has also noted, is the need for veterans pension laws are expected money to train large numbers of medi- to be amended to partially absorb in- cal and paramedical personnel to creases in Social Security and income. man these facilities . . . The other types of retirement soaring rate of inflation makes the PRESERVE VETERANS VA's task that much more difficult. LEGION MOVES TO STATUS IN PROPOSED Also, as Veterans Newsletter went PREFERENCE POSTAL REFORM LEGISLATION: to press. Congress had added $22 million in supplementary funds to the The Legion has been able to prevail Fiscal 1970 budget for the VA's hos- upon lawmakers in both houses of pital and medical program just in Congress to sponsor amendments assur- time to be committed before the ing that veterans preference provi- June 30 deadline. sions will be protected when postal is passed. Rep. Arnold DISABILITY COMPENSATION BILL reform law UNDERGOES SOME REVISION AS Olsen (Mont.) sponsored an amendment and Sen. Vance Hartke IT MOVES THROUGH CONGRESS: in the House (Ind.) introduced the Senate amendment The disability compensation bill which when it reached the floor was co- discussed at length in the July issue sponsored by Sen. Ted Stevens (Alaska) of Veterans Newsletter underwent ... As of this writing both the some revision when it was passed Senate and House bills had passed

by the House . . . Here are the with veterans preference provisions changes as they stand at presstime: intact and were due to go to conference the bill would increase by 8^ the for reconciliation.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 CONTINUED VETERANS NEWSLETTER

PLAN INAUGURATED TO BRING MORE duty and while traveling to and from SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS such duty . . . The Legion has been INTO HOME LOAN MORTGAGE MARKET: seeking such legislation since 1968. In an effort to induce savings and loan associations and mutual savings NEW AEROSPACE EDUCATION BOOKLET banks not now making FHA and VA home NOW AVAILABLE FROM THE LEGION: loans to get into the market, the A new booklet issued by the Legion Federal Home Loan Bank recently an- describes in detail how Legion posts nounced a program of purchase of gov- can help support a strong, youth- ernment-backed mortgages from these oriented aerospace program in coop- institutions . . . When the total eration with the Civil Air Patrol and of mortgages purchased reaches the National Aerospace Education

1200-300 million, they will be pooled Council . . . Entitled "A National as the security behind mortgage- Aerospace Education Program," it is a backed bonds to be guaranteed by gift to the Legion from the late Col. the Government National Mortgage P.oscoe Turner (see obituary, page Association ... It is hoped the new 40), who at the time of his death program will pump more funds into was chairman of the Legion's National the mortgage market and bring Aeronautics and Space Committee . . . broader participation by more savings For information on distribution of and loan institutions . . . Hope- the new booklet, contact The fully, more veterans will be enabled American Legion, National Security to purchase sorely needed housing. Commission, 1608 K St., N.W.,

Wash . D. C. 20006. SENATE CONSIDERS BILL TO RAISE AMPUTEE AUTOMOBILE ALLOWANCE: DEPENDENCY AND INDEMNITY COMPENSATION BENEFITS RAISED As we went to press, the Senate was FOR ADOPTED CHILDREN OF VETS: considering a bill which would in- crease from $1,600 to $2,500 the More than 50,000 children of veter- amount the Veterans Administration ans have just begun receiving a 10% may pay toward the purchase of an au- increase in benefits under a new law tomobile for veterans who are which makes the adopted child of a service-connected for the anatomical veteran (for benefit purposes) a de- loss or loss of use of an extremity, pendent from the date an interlocu- or who are blind ... If otherwise tory decree is filed, rather than the eligible, persons on active mili- date it becomes final ... In tary duty would also be included. addition to enlarging the definition of "children" for purposes of veter- ans U. S. PRISONERS-OF-WAR TO GET AN benefits, the law covers DIC ADDITIONAL PAYMENT OF $5.00 A DAY payments to widows and certain chil- FOR EACH DAY OF IMPRISONMENT: dren . . . Effective July 1, among other things, the new law provides A new law authorizes an additional DIC to children—where there is no compensation of $5 a day for each day widow entitled at increased monthly of — imprisonment to U.S. prisoners- rates of $88 for one child, for of-war $127 in the Vietnam War (beginning two children, $164 for three chil- Feb. 28, 1961) and the Pueblo dren, with an extra $32 added to this crew . . . Payments are authorized rate for each child in excess under the War Claims Act of of three. 1948 ... It also provides for pay- ment to all civilian American citi- TRAVEL BOOKLET AVAILABLE zens who are held captive at the rate FOR WHEELCHAIR VETERANS: of $60 per month. Veterans in wheelchairs who like to travel may be interested in the 1970 SERVICEMEN'S GROUP LIFE INSURANCE edition of INCREASED TO $15,000 MAXIMUM: "The Wheelchair Traveler," a useful directory which lists more Congress has passed and the Presi- than 1,400 hotels, motels, restau- dent has signed legislation raising rants and sight-seeing attractions in the maximum amount of insurance 49 states (none for Alaska), Canada authorized under the Servicemen's and Mexico which have facilities Group Life Insurance from $10,000 to compatible to handicapped trav- $15,000 . . . Among other improve- elers ... It sells for $3.00 (plus ments the new law also extends cover- 5% sales tax in Calif.), postage-

age to all reservists, members of paid . . . Write: "The Wheelchair the National Guard and ROTC members Traveler , " P.O. Box 169, Woodland while engaged in authorized training Hills, Cal. 91364.

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 NEWS AMERICANAl LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS AUGUST, 1970

Portland, Ore., Set to Handle National Membership Bulletin As of June 30. Legion national membership had reached 2,638,- Legion's 52nd Nat1 Conclave 993. an increase of 21,884 over the same date in 1969 and only Legion to meet in City of Roses Aug. 28-Sept. 3; 28,460 short of equaling the final President Nixon invited to speak; House Veterans 1969 total. Thirty-eight depart- ments went over their assigned Affairs Olin E. to re- Committee Chairman league quota and 20 exceeded their pre- ceive Legion's 1970 Distinguished Service MedaL vious year's registration. There were seven all time highs: Fla., Hawaii. Md.. Mexico, Minn., N. The American Legion has awarded its Estate Award "for distinguished service Dak., and Puerto Rico. Member- highest honor, the Distinguished Service in the field of communications'" is sched- ship experts were predicting a Medal for 1970, to Rep. Olin E. Teague. uled to be presented to two recipients: 2.700,000 year, the first since Chairman of the House Committee on James G. Stahlman, President and Pub- 1959. It is estimated Legion mem- Veterans affairs, for his long and valua- lisher of the Nashville Banner, Nashville. bership breaks down thusly: ble leadership and service to the nation's Tenn., and Jenkin Lloyd Jones. Editor WW2, 1.620.000, Korean War. 400,000; veterans. The award is scheduled to be and Publisher of the Tulsa Tribune. I, 380.000: Vietnam War, presented at the Legion's 52nd Annual Tulsa, Okla., and a nationally syndicated WW 300.000. National Convention in Portland, Ore.. columnist. Both served as naval officers

Aug. 28-Sept. 3. Rep. Teague is a during WW2. Mr. Stahlman also served wounded and decorated veteran of WW2 in the army in WWl and has been a whom must be registered and in attend- and is a Legionnaire. Legionnaire for over 50 years. ance, and who remain in the convention In 1969, President Richard M. Nixon • Comedian "Red" Skelton is sched- hall following the national elections will was awarded the Legion's Service Medal uled to appear at the National Com- be eligible to participate in a drawing for but was unable to appear at the National mander's Dinner to Distinguished Guests several awards which include a 1 970 Convention in Atlanta to accept due to at 7:30 p.m., Tues., Sept. 1, in the Grand Ford Maverick Grabber, a Sylvania the press of national affairs at that time. Ballroom of the Portland Hilton Hotel. color television, a matched set of Wilson The President has been invited to ad- • The Auxiliary will hold its annual golf clubs and a Polaroid Camera. The dress the Convention in Portland and States Dinner at the Portland Hilton on camera is being donated by outgoing present plans call for him to receive his Wed., Sept. 2, at 8:00 p.m. Commander J. Milton Patrick. (Em- award there. • In an effort to sustain convention ployees of the national organization and Convention sessions will take place at interest on the final day, a new feature their families are ineligible to participate the Portland Memorial Coliseum Sept. has been added to the proceedings this in these awards.) 1-3, preceded by meetings of the stand- year. Legionnaires. Auxiliares. and • Among the dignitaries who have ing and convention commissions and members of their immediate families, been invited to speak or appear at the committees from Aug. 28-3 1 at the Port- along with distinguished guests, all of Convention: Sen. Henry M. Jackson, land Hilton, the Benson Hotel, the New (Wash.), Chmn of the Senate Committee Heathman Hotel and at the Coliseum. on Interior and Insular Affairs; the Oregon Governor Tom McCall and Honorable Luis Ferre, Governor of Portland Mayor Terry Schrunk will wel- Puerto Rico; H. Ross Perot, President of come thousands of Legionnaires and their Electronic Data Systems Corp., Dallas, families to the National Convention Tex.; George Meany, President of the E. opening business session on Sept. 1 at AFL-CIO: VA Administrator Donald Portland's Memorial Coliseum. Johnson, a Past Nat'l Cmdr of the Legion Here are some of the highlights of the and Ray McHugh. vice president of convention period. Copley Publications. • Capping the convention on the • The Nat'l Convention Parade will afternoon of Sept. 3 will be the election start at 11:00 a.m.. Mon. Aug. 31, from of the new National Commander for in front of the Memorial Coliseum, pro- 1970-71 by approximately 3.000 dele- ceed across the Broadway Bridge, and gates from around the nation and some go south on Broadway to S. W. Main St. foreign countries. The election of the Parade route is approximately one mile Legion's national leader and other na- long and the reviewing stand will be in tional officers is the last major piece of front of the Portland Hilton. A con- convention business. Preceding that will tingent of U.S. Navy ships is expected to be commission and committee meetings be on hand for conventioner's visits. The and reports, greetings and speeches by Navymen will also march in the parade. various personages, presentations of Altogether, military participation is ex- awards and the consideration of several pected to take about 45 minutes. hundred resolutions by delegates. • The Nat'l Drum & Bugle Corps Rep. Olin E. Teague (Tex.) will receive • Also on Sept. 3. the Legion's Fourth the Legion's Distinguished Service Medal. Championship Finals will be held Sun., THE AMER CAN LEGION ^yIAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 35 Aug. 30, at 7:00 p.m.. at the Portland ployment for some returning Viet vets Civic Stadium. Reserved seats are $2.50 get bleaker all the time. And unless the and genera! admission seats are $2.00. veteran has a job to go back to, his lack Convention registrants will receive 50- a of education, training and useful civihan cent discount coupon in their Convention experience make the odds against him Program and tickets are available on a that much tougher. first-come, first-served basis. Looking at the Viet vet unemploy- • The 24th Annual Drawing for the ment problem is like viewing an iceberg. four Ford automobiles donated by the You see only the tip. Best estimates to- Seagram Posts of the Legion will be held day indicate that some 400,000 young during the judging Portland Memorial Coliseum. of the Finals com- veterans are looking for a job at any petition. To enter, fill out and sign the Club Luncheon will be held on Sept. I given time. For instance, back in fiscal coupon you will find for your use below at the Thunderbird Motel, Jantzen year 1969. out of some 800,000 dis- and mail it to the address shown. All Beach, Ore. chargees. 308.718 filed for benefits. Of entries must be received no later than • Headquarters hotel for the Legion that amount 265,721 estabhshed some Aug. 28. This is your way of participat- will be the Portland Hilton. The Auxil- rights to benefits and of that, 176,545 ing and there is no need to be at the con- iary will headquarter at the Ramada Inn continued to file claims to the point of vention to win. If you do win a car, the and hold its convention at the Portland receiving at least one benefit check. The Seagram posts will also donate $250 to Civic Auditorium. average ex-serviceman without a job to your post. • Headquarters staff offices will be in return to may spend as much as 1 0 weeks • Preliminary contests will take place Convention Hall at the Portland Memo- to three months looking for a job and Saturday and Sunday, Aug. 29-30. rial Coliseum starting on Aug. 24. he'll collect about $450 of unemploy- • Legion"s The Nafl Executive Com- • Convention Corporation Offices ment pay. He's part of the 5 million cur- mittee pre-convention meeting will take are at the Masonic Temple, 1119 S.W. rently unemployed in our nation. place Sun.. Aug. 30, at 2:00 p.m., at the Park Ave., Portland. Ore. Contest Super- Taken as a group the under-educated Portland Hilton. The post-convention visory Committee headquarters and veteran fares even more poorly. In its meeting will take place Sept. 3, imme- meetings will also be in that same build- recently released report, the President's diately following adjournment of the ing. Committee on the Vietnam veteran convention in the Coliseum. • "'. Following the convention, the Le- noted thai: . . Measured by lack of a • The National Convention Patriotic gion's 45th National Baseball World high school education 16% of Vietnam and Memorial Service will be held Sun., Series will be held in Klamath Falls, era veterans now being released from Aug. 30, at 4:30 p.m., in the Grand Ball- Ore., from Sept. 5-10. service are educationally disadvantaged. room of the Portland Hilton. This is not, however, a full measure of • for The American Legion Press Ass'n Jobs Veterans those who have educational deficiencies. will hold its annual meeting and election Prompted by the worsening rate of Test results show that 30% of high of officers at the Sheraton Motor Inn, employment. The American Legion is school graduates in the armed forces

Sun., Aug. 1 : 30, at 00 p.m. Their Annual cranking up a 14-state pilot program in scored as poorly as or worse than the Awards Banquet will be held Sat., Aug. an effort to assist in getting jobs for Viet- average score of those who had not com- 29, also at the Sheraton. Los Angeles nam era veterans and hopes to have a pleted high school. Police Chief Edward M. Davis will be going program in operation by Veterans "Ironically, these factors are an im- the speaker and receive an award. The Day 1970. portant determinant in placing men in New Oregon Singers, 80 young entertain- With the job market generally tighten- military occupations. Those who had not ers, will perform. ing up and in some areas already critical completed their high school education • The Past Department Commanders even for skilled people, prospects of em- and those who perform poorly on the qualification tests have less opportunity while in service to acquire skills applica- Mail to: I ble to civilian jobs. The Seagram Posts "Upon discharge, the veteran with American Legion, P.O. Box 191 educational deficiencies suffers a rate of Portland, Oregon 97207 unemployment significantly higher than that of his fellow veteran. A recent sur- Gentlemen: I am a member of Post # American vey of veterans living in impoverished Legion, or a member of Unit # American Legion areas indicates that jobs are their main concern. The survey, based upon inten- Auxiliary located in (City) (State) , sive interviews with more than 3.000 Please enter my name in the free drawings for four Ford veterans, revealed 62% of tho.se contact- Galaxie 500 2-door Hardtops, donated by the Seagram Posts ing federal agencies wanted assistance in to the American Legion National Convention Corporation of finding employment." Further confusing the problem, the Oregon. Drawings to be held Sunday, August 30, 1970, in Legion's Economic Division notes, is the Portland Civic Stadium, Portland, Oregon. Entries must be fact that job training under federal gov- received no later than Midnight August 28, 1970. ernment manpower programs "deliber- (Please print) ately excludes veterans who are not dis- Name advantaged, and the vast majority of vet- Address erans do not happen to be disadvan- taged. For example, an official City State Zip statistical report of the Manpower Administra- Legion or Auxiliary Membership Card # tion covering the month of March 1970, reports a sharp increase in veterans new 36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 NEWS applications over the same month of information that would be most helpful • Emphasize that the service is free. • 1 969— 181.1 thousand as compared in outhning skills, training and job pref- Become familiar with and utilize any with 139.5 thousand a year earlier. On erences of new veterans. Set up regular community activity toward providing the other hand, veterans' job placement channels of communication. jobs for the under-trained. suffered a decline from 88.7 thousand • Contact civic, fraternal, veterans, • Follow up on cases until they are re- to 74.7 thousand. In other words, more church and other community organiza- solved. veterans are applying for job-finding as- tions asking that one or more returning • Contact newspapers, television and sistance at the public employment offices, veterans be honored at an appropriate radio stations for help and publicity. but fewer veterans are receiving as- function and have his needs ascertained. When they know the extent of the prob- sistance." Thus, today's new veteran is Include family, if possible. lem in their community they should be in the unlikely position of being "under- • Help veterans to prepare job resumes. happy to provide coverage in the name educated" and not "disadvantaged" but Somebody in the post will surely be of public service. shunted aside for manpower training knowledgeable in this area. In fact, each • Get women's auxiliary organizations programs because of artificial priorities. post probably has experts in many areas. to provide refreshments at sessions. Even so, government agencies frankly Check to see whether job openings exist The 14 states selected for the pilot report that, despite their best intentions for veterans and arrange meetings. program are: Georgia, Kansas, Minne- and best efforts, they are not completely • If possible, work out a procedure with sota, Nebraska, North Carolina, North successful in reaching the veteran who the Veterans Employment Representa- Dakota, New Hampshire, Ohio, Okla- needs help the most—the one who is tive to circularize civic, fraternal, veter- homa, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South least trained—mainly because the pro- ans, unions and other organizations par- Carolina, South Dakota and Texas. cedure lacks a personal touch. ticipating in the program in order to Early working details are not com-

Why is it so difficult to reach some match jobs with veterans. plete yet but Department Adjutants or veterans? Answers to that question will • Be aware of training opportunities Legion field representatives will contact vary. It may be that the veteran has had that could improve the prospects of vet- Veterans Employment Representatives, his fill of government control in his life. erans and urge that they take more train- active Legion posts and possible partici-

The government is so huge and imper- ing. pating employers in these areas to set sonal. He may be ashamed of and fee! • Depending on size, hold job counsel- up beginning operations. From what is inferior due to his lack of education and ing and job-matching meetings in large learned in the pilot groups, plans could may be defensive about it. The fact that post homes, armories or other large audi- move forward into all 50 states. there are innumerable forms and ques- toriums. Set hours long enough for all Employers who wish to participate by tionnaires to fill out may deter him. The to avail themselves of your service. A offering job opportunities should get in long periods of sitting around in public veteran may have a poor job, want a touch with The American Legion's agency waiting rooms may turn him off. better one, but not be able to afford the Economic Division at 1608 K St.. N.W.. Indeed, just exposing his lack of train- time off to look during daytime business Wash., D.C. 20006, attention Austin ing and education to an interviewer can hours. Kerby. Director. The state headquarters be defeating. He doesn't understand why • Circularize job openings. of the Legion departments mentioned he may have to take an aptitude test for a civilian job which is similar to or the American Legion Night At Shea Stadium same as the one he had in the service. Basically, he doesn't like the idea that he has to go to somebody who will send him to somebody else who will send him to somebody else with the probable end result being that there is nothing for him. Secretly—and this is tragic—he may feel that nobody appreciates the service he rendered for his country. Here's where the Legion hopes to help by supplying a personal touch. Acting as a sort of clearing house or go-between. Legion posts can introduce job-seeking veterans to participating employers or alert them to training opportunities and on-the-job programs. Just making the community aware of the needs of a vet- eran may go a long way toward helping to solve his problems. Naturally, this will take a great deal of coordination at the local level. The following suggested steps can be used as a nucleus of a plan for local action: • Contact the nearest Veterans Employ- New York Department Commander Richard Pedro delivers brief address to throng ment Service Representative and/ or awaiting start of N.Y. Mets baseball game at Shea Stadium in New York City on the eve of Memorial Day. The occasion was American Legion Night and was made pos- U.S. Employment Service. Issue invita- sible through the cooperation of the N.Y. Mets baseball organization. A crowd of tions to a post meeting and discuss ways some 40,000 saw Legion color guards totaling 135 persons present the colors. and means of securing jobs for returning Shown in photo (I to r): Peter Cofrancisco, Kings County Baseball and Poppy Drive veterans. Discuss ways to make personal Chmn; Queens County Cmdr Robert Frame; Robert F. Cutler, American Legion Night Chmn; Mrs. Marie Trimarco, Auxiliary Poppy Drive Chmn and Mets baseball an- contacts with new veterans and make nouncer Ralph Kiner. Mets Manager Gil Hodges received an award for working with effective. them more Discuss types of the youth of the city with his Gil Hodges Baseball League and scholarship program. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 37 NEWS.

Over 900 Youths Attend New Jersey Boys State Exercises 75. Mass., N.H., R.I., Conn, Maine, Vt., N.Y.. and host team. MID-ATLANTIC REGIONAL No. 2—Parkersburg, W. Va.. City Park. Aug. 27-31. Host: Parkersburg Post 15. Md.. N.J.. N.Y., W. Va., Del.. D.C. Pa., and host team. SOUTHEASTERN REGIONAL NO. 3 —Salisbury. N.C.. Newman Park. Aug. 26- 31. Host: Rowan County American Legion Baseball Committee. Va.. Puerto Rico, S.C.. Panama, Canal Zone, Ala., Fla., Ga., N.C., and host team. (Winner game one plays host team.) MID-SOUTH REGIONAL NO. 4— Memphis, Tenn., Blues Stadium. Aug. 27- 31. Host: Memphis Post 1. Tex., Miss., Ark.. Tenn.. Ky.. Okla.. La., and host team. GREAT LAKES REGIONAL NO. 5—Canton, 111., Athletic Park. Aug. 26- 30. Host: Orlando Crowther Post 16.

The sea Ohio, Pa.. Ind.. Wis.. Minn., 111.. Mich., of faces and white shirts above belong to more than 900 New Jersey Boys Staters as they and host team. convened at Rider College near Trenton, N.J., late in June for their annual symposium on state government. About 1,000 parents and guests were CENTRAL PLAINS REGIONAL also present for the evening during which the Boys State Governor was inaugurated NO. 6 Aberdeen, and a — S.D.. Municipal Ball band concert was held. This was New Jersey Boys State's Silver Anniversary Park, Aug. 27-3 L Host: Sidney L. Smith

Post 24. Iowa, Neb., 111., S. Dak.. Minn.. above will also be ready to coordinate tournament banquet for teams and N. Dak., Mo., and host team. activities. Legion posts wishing to par- guests will take place Fri., Sept. 4. ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONAL ticipate can contact the same sources. Here is a list of the eight regional sites NO. 7—Helena. Mont., Legion Field, Along similar lines and as part its of and the state teams which will compete Aug. 27-31. Host: Lewis and Clark Post OUTREACH effort, the Veterans Ad- in the various areas before going to the 2. Colo., Ariz.. ministration ran Wyo.. Mont.. Utah. a one-day "Job Fair" World Series. Due to the size of their N.M.. Kans.. and host team. in San Francisco last September in which programs, four states. 111., Minn.. N.Y.. WESTERN 8— 92 firms either participated REGIONAL NO. actively or and Pa. will each have two teams. Roseburg, Ore.. Legion Memorial Field. placed job orders for workers. Over 100 1 Middletown, — Conn.. Palmer Field, Aug. 27-31. Host: Umpqua Post 16. veterans got jobs during that one day. NEW ENGLAND REGIONAL NO. Nev., Wash.. Idaho. Ore.. Hawaii. Cal.. A similar effort was successful in Wash- Aug. 26-31. Host: Milardo-Wilcox Post Alaska and host team. ington, D.C. Dealing with the whole range of vet- National erans benefits, including jobs, is the Commander Has Audience With Pope Paul VI Georgia Department of Veterans Serv- ice's "Supermarket of Veterans Bene- fits" which has run for about five years in various large cities in that state. A

very successful program, it regularly pulls in about 4-6,500 persons at one- day sessions. Among the 20 regularly participating state and federal agenceis: the VA, the Social Security Administra- tion, the Civil Service Commission, the American Red Cross, military branches. Selective Service, Federal Housing Ad- ministration, the Georgia Dep'ts of Pub- lic Safety, Labor, Revenue, and Educa- tion, the U.S. Dep't of Labor, U.S. In- ternal Revenue Service, Farmers Home Administration and the Small Business Administration.

Legion Baseball Regional Contests The 1970 Legion Baseball World Series will be held in Klamath Falls, National Commander J. Milton Ore., Patrick is shown above as he was greeted by Pope Sept. 5-10. The host post is Kla- Paul VI at Vatican City, Rome, during a trip to the Departments of Italy and France math Post 8 and games begin at Kiger m June. The Commander had a five minute private audience with the Pope. With him Stadium Sat. morning, Sept. 5 just two were Mrs. Patrick, his aide, Ed Smith of Oklahoma and Mrs. Smith. While visiting Legion posts in days after the conclusion of the 52nd Greece the Cmdr met with Premier George Papadopoulos. In France, he participated in Memorial Day exercises held at a U.S. Cemetery outside Paris National Convention in Portland. A pre- and also at the Arch of Triumph where he assisted in rekindling the Eternal Flame. 38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 NEWS

ROBERT E. HARTMANN Legion Observes Memorial Day Post 10, Edgerton, Ohio, asked Mayor Golden Johnson to declare May 30 as Edgerton Americanism Day "in an at- tempt to rekindle the flame of patriotism in the hearts of all Americans." Fred Jerger carried the flag in the annual pa- rade for the 52nd consecutive year. Springfield, Ore., Post 40 had as guests Gen. Bruce HoUoway, cmdr-in-chief. Strategic Air Cmd, and Oregon Sec'y of State Clay Myers. Holloway noted that "History may judge U.S. involvement in Vietnam to have represented the most compassionate use of weapons of war Seven Missouri posts got together for ceremony at Memorial Park Cemetery, St. Louis. ever recorded." In a ceremony sponsored jointly by County Cmdr; and Francis Dorn, former For the past two years, Ed Harte, seven posts of the 11th and 12th Districts member of Congress. Texas owner of the Harte chain of news- of Missouri at Memorial Park Cemetery. papers, has given over the full Civic Page St. Louis, Phillip Schumacher, a Past in his Corpus Christi Caller-Times to the District Cmdr (at microphone in photo), presentation of a complete American and the Rev. Jerome Fortenberry, Dep't Legion message. Many posts are listed Chaplain, spoke. Peggy Brown was Mis- and a membership offer is made to all tress of Ceremonies. The co-operating eligible veterans. The page was printed posts were St. Louis Service Women's in five issues of the paper prior to Post 404, Post 184, Post 380. Marine Memorial Day and will be repeated just 206, St. Louis Women's before Veterans Day. Corps Post Memorial Post 108. 138th Infantry Memorial Post 357, and Post 355. The memorial wreath was placed by Post 357 Post 525, Smiths Creek, Mich., dedicated memorial stone in front of post home. Past Cmdr Walter Dcmsew Other posts reporting observances were: Post 323, Watsontown, Pa., and Post 24, Georgetown, Ky.

BRIEFLY NOTED

Designated as The1 ne American Legion Hall of Fame for Los Angeles County, a six-by-four-foot plaque has been de- An observance that stirred memories dicated by County Council oflicials at Guests from Britain and France at- Patriotic Hall. Plans were developed by tended the observance at former Camp an 18-member commission headed by Merritt, Cresskill, N.J., site of U.S. FOE Norman Lyon. Selected names of former 1917-18. they were welcomed in Later, Post 189, Watertown, Wis., Legionnaires members, deceased for two years or by Post 21, the mayor, and the Council. place flags on local veterans' graves. more, who had "contributed outstand- In the photo, L to rt., are A.B. Amato, ing service to The American Legion and councilman and MC: RAF squadron the community," and recommended by leader R.K. Broadfoot; Hon. Frederick not less than three posts, will be con- Rainsford, WW2 pilot now with British sidered annuaUy for engraving on the Foreign Service in New York; Hon. plaque. Nine names were approved for Hugues Homo, holder of combat Cross initial honors: Salvatore Capodice, of Honor Chevalier and Legion of Hollywood; Lewis Gough, Pasadena; Honor Medals who serves in New York MI HIM\S I'lH) I DOHAPHV CO. with the French Diplomatic Corps; Maj. P. Amiet, Army of France; and Legion- naire Mayor Bert Terbune, Cresskill. Post 618, Williamsport, Ohio, dedi- cated a memorial stone with a flag pole

which it had erected in Spring Lawn Cemetery in memory of soldiers of all wars from the community. In Eliot, Me., Post 188's Cmdr, Paul The New York County Legion printed Stewart (rt.), and Past Dep't Cmdr Royal Sheltra partake in dedication of over 40,000 copies of a single sheet monument to local men, women veterans. which showed, in color, the flag and a message entitled, "Hello, Remember Kings County, N.Y., Legion presented Me?" In the message, the flag reviews its addresses by Capt. R. E. Elliott, U.S. history and pleads to be recognized, Navy; Matthew Troy, a retired justice; revered, and saluted as before, "just so Thomas Cuite, vice chmn. Council, City you'll remember." of New York; Peter Danzillo, Jr.. Legion Hall of Fame, Los Angeles County THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 39 r .

NEWS

Dee Holder, Los Angeles; John Hume, Post 355, Big Spring, Texas, has pro- Hollywood; Leon McArdle, Los An- duced the "I Am An American Coloring geles; Leslie Olson, Los Angeles; Wil- Book and Record." The goal of the post liam Parker, Los Angeles; Irving Snyder, is to put its book into the hands of every Sunland; and Charles Zug, West Covina. elementary school age child in the na- In the photo are three of the committee tion. The book stresses respect for law members who made the plaque possible: and order, unity, individual initiative and (from left) Maynard Nordquist, County patriotism. Post commanders and ad- Council Cmdr; Corydon Hill, Past Nat'l jutants are invited to communicate with Executive Committeeman; and Lyon. Post 355 in this matter. In the photo,

Post Cmdr Dr. J. Gale Kilgore, at left, ''"''^^ Stillwitcr »u,n.. Bonn D€t.30-l*"''t| Ch^-Ur'"'" and immediate Past Cmdr Dr. Halvard Hansen discuss a letter from President Nixon praising Post 355 for its project.

Two Boy Scouts were awarded Out- standing Heroism medals by the 10th District, N.Y. J. Fortunute and G. Wil- mot, both 15, acted heroically in rescu- ing an epileptic Chicago boy from the bottom of a hotel swimming pool. Roscoe Turner Dies PEOPLE IN THE NEWS Roscoe Turner, 74, of Indianapolis, Norman M. (Pat) Lyon, of La Canada, Ind., longtime chairman of the Aero- Calif., a member of the Legion's Nat'l nautics and Space Committee of the Le- Military Affairs Committee, appointed gion's Nat'l Security Commission, died to the Los Angeles County Assessment ' OCE TO h,-. Coffeen June 23 in an Indianapolis hospital after |v)y ili^rttr m.-mber llff Dotto.- If),.' .' One HunJ A ft lon^ Appeals Board for a three-year period ' A Wfc member, , of ahim<»ls; »nd five, [ a two-month illness. Although known to

1 cheery Hello, commencing Sept. f°t ,1' N;"".-" f '^.i „•,!, old Ml^hUhood the public as probably the most success- ;."(:'''" H;. p.t ;,„ts were 'jUvI^^ r^U „.de I VlVnne ful and flamboyant airplane racer of the (Vow vcr-v yo^n^ '""i^ ^"dr'^ntjtou^l,,^^ „^?tVirhop'e liundred , Tou better believe^ John E. one | (Doc) Martie, of Nev., ii | never |>or- Reno, I scarf-and-goggles era of the 1920s and iiid five h.i,ltl, , ,^eoJ. chairman of the Legion's Counter- 1930s. Turner's interests were actually Subversive Activities A tribute to a 105-year-old double vet Committee, hon- the development of aviation and the se- for ored his "significant achievements curity of this The considerable nation. (He utilized his feat of reaching the and exceptional service" to the state and racing, stunts, picturesque uniforms, and age of 105 years, acomplished by Dr. R. nation at the Univ. of Nevada com- a pet lion. Gilmore. to publicize aviation J. CofTeen, D.V.M., of Post 48, Still- mencement. He was cited for his contri- and rally support it water, Minn., for from all citizens, (born Dec. 30, 1864), has bution to youth and education. especially the young, and from the gov- been chronicled in cartoon form by his ernment. friend. Jack ) Ryan, of Post 222, Fort (Deke) CD. DeLoach, of Alexandria, From to the time of his recent Lauderdale, Fla. WWl "He claims," says Va., chairman of the Legion's Nat'l Pub- illness. Turner worked toward these twin Ryan, "that some of his patients—Army lic Relations Commission and assistant goals by serving on the Legion's Secur- mules, horses, cattle, and household pets to FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, has ity Commission, which is also interested —lived longer than a lot of people due to left FBI to enter private business. He is in national security and the development his prowess as a vet." a vice now president of Pepsico Corp. A of aviation. Turner was almost as active Past Nat'l Vice Cmdr, DeLoach was on this body in his later years as he had POSTS IN ACTION with the FBI 28 years and has been been earlier. He never missed a meeting Commission chairman 10 years. of the Security Commission. He was the Commission's vice chairman in 1954-55. Milward L. Simpson, of Sun City. Ariz., From 1943 until his death he served on a former U.S. Senator (Wyoming, 1963- the Aeronautics & Space Committee, 66), recuperating at home following sur- being chairman 19 of those years and gery. He was Dep't Adjutant in Wyom- vice chairman the other years. ing, 1927-28, governor in 1955-59. Turner won the Thompson (Air Rac- ing) Trophy three times, the Harmon John W. Sumrall, of Gulfport, Miss., Trophy twice, and many other top prizes. a member of the Merchant Marine Com- Seven times he broke trans-continental mittee, injured when an auto on which speed records. In 1952, the Air Force he was working crushed him up against awarded him the Distinguished Flying a platform, is home from the hospital. Cross for his racing exploits and war- time training contributions. Richard H. Giannini, of Evansville. Ind.. In some of his obituaries. Turner was a development engineer and retired lieu- honored almost solely as a relic of avia- Post 355, Big Spring, Tex., claws back. tenant colonel in the Indiana Nat'l tion's pioneer days, but his expertise on To counteract the inflammatory coloring Guard, given the Brig. Gen. Marvin aviation problems of 1970 and beyond book produced by the Black Panthers, Evans Memorial Award for having been was quickly apparent to a generation that which has drawings depicting policemen active and dedicated in community af- hadn't known him earlier. Mike Schlee. as pigs and little children killing them, fairs and in service to his country. a newcomer to ihc Legion's Nat'l Se- 40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 NEWS

curity staff in 1968, and a 9th Infantry Commission since 1948, serving two C. A. (Bud) Tesch, of Salem, W. Va., veteran of Vietnam, found that Turner's terms as Area D chairman; he was the Director of the Nat'l Americanism Div., foresight, professionalism and guidance father of Nat'l Rehabilitation Chairman from Sept. 1955 until his retirement in in the last year of his life were still Wifliam F. Lenker. 1963. dynamic and invaluable to the Legion's Security Commission. He was still a man Charles J. Kohler, 55, of Manayunk, John Tucker Batten, 82, of Montgom- (1941-42), ot aviation's future till the day he died. Pa., Pennsylvania Dep't Service Officer, ery, Ala., Past Dep't Cmdr and Past Nat'l Vice Cmdr. An extensive article on Roscoe manager of the Philadelphia office in Turner, by Pete Martin, appeared in the Veterans Administration Center NEW POSTS the Nov. 1963 American Legion Maga- since 1955, and a recipient of the Ma- The following new posts have recently zine. Martin noted at that time that rine Corps League's Man of the Year been chartered by The American Turner was one of the three great avia- Award. Legion: tion pioneers who were still active—the Downtown Athletic Club Post 1870, others: Eddie Rickenbacker and Jimmy William John Gust, Jr., 48, of St. New York, N.Y.; Balmew Post 101, Doolittle. Thomas, N.D., a member of the Legion's Sparrows Point, Md.; Rio Rancho those attending Roscoe's bas- Americanism Commission and Past Among Estates Post 118, Rio Rancho Estates, ically Legion funeral were Sen. Barry Dep't Cmdr (1960-61). New Mex.; Clearwater Beach Post 152, Goldwater, Gen. James Doolittle. In- Clearwater Beach, Fla.; Gary D. Pagan diana Gov. Edgar D. Whitcomb. and Dr. William F. Murphy, of Palestine. Post 599, Ozona, Tex.; and South Moun- Tony Hullman, owner of the Indianapo- Texas, Past Nat'l Executive Committee- tain Post 82, Phoenix, Ariz. lis Speedway. Gov. Whitcomb ordered man (1936-38). the state house flags flown at half-mast LIFE MEMBERSHIPS for two days. Floral wreaths depicted Lloyd Thurston, 90, of Osceola, Iowa, The award of a life membership to a Legion- is testimonial those who plane former Congressman naire by his Post a by a balloon topped by a one-propeller Legionnaire and know him best that he has served The Ameri- and a lion, with a "G" for Gilmore. (1925-39). He served in the Spanish- can Legion well. Below are listed some of the previously un- A floral flag, and a floral checkered (rac- American War, the Philippines conflict, published life membership Post awards that have been reported to the editors. They are ing) flag, sent by the Speedway, set the and WWl. arranged by States or Departments. tone of the tribute. Julian K. Davis and Raymond J. Isley (both Past Dep't Alfred J. Gauvin, of Panama, 1967) and George L. Bailes and Mrs. George L. Cmdr (1958-59). Bailes and George W. Coppage (all 1968), Post 1, Birmingham, Ala. Loyal Binkley and Leonard M. Campbell and Clarence Lewis Stephen J. Tormey, 79, of Tucson, Ariz., Harry R. Coulter and and Charles Moore (all 1970), Post 6, Wrangell, Past Dep't Cmdr (1942-43). Alaska. A. W. Comings (1966) and Henry Murphy (1967) and Doyle Daniel and B. A. Xavier (both

William D. Guthrie, 53, of Webster City, 1969) , Po.st 13, Hot Snrings, Ark. James A. Gilbert (1969), Post 13, Pasadena, Alternate Nat'l Executive Com- Iowa, Calif. mitteeman, killed in an auto crash on Arthur C. Bait and Dr. George Olds Cooper and Everett R. Reid, Jr. (all 1970), Post 49, daughter, Sarah, 14. Memorial Day. A Santa Barbara, Calif. was injured in the same accident. Mr. Fred A. Thompson (1969), Post 229, Adelanto, Calif. in 1963-64. Guthrie was Dep't Cmdr Roy E. Coble and Clarence Kreiger and Harry Lester and Thurston McDougal and Clyde N. Sutton (all 1969), Post 279, Temple City, Calif. COMRADES IN DISTRESS Robert E. Barricklow and James R. Bonu- celli (both 1969), Post 339, Ventura, Calif. can help these veterans are Readers who Arthur H. Baugh and Donald A. Briggs and urged to do so. Usually a statement is needed Damon P. Cook and Ben Eckley and Andrew Earl V. (Pat) Cliff Dies in support of a VA claim. F. Gaetje (all 1969), Post 416, Encinitas, Calif. Notices are run only at the request of Ameri- Herbert A. Wallace (1968), Post 459, Hunting- Earl V. ("Pat") Clift", 77, an Ortonville. can Legion Service Officers representing ton Park, Calif. claimants, using Search For Witness Forms Minn., retired attorney, died at home Carl H. Peterson and available only from State Legion Service Herman J. Johnson and Lloyd J. Tobey (all 1948) and John E. Bray and May 14. He was a Past Nat'l Executive Officers. Charles F. Lyon (both 1958), Post 585, San Committeeman (1931-33), Past Dep't Army (Butowoii, Philippines, 1943-44) —Need Carlos, Calif. William F. Bishop and Albert D. Brennan Cmdr (1929-30), vice chairman of the information from S/Sgt Rush, T/Sgt Grimes, Ware, and other comrades who Itnew of and Harry Brundage and Arthur B. Cable (all Legion's Nat'l Rehabilitation Committee Stanley Gates being hospitahzed for psy- 1970) , Post 12, Norwalk, Conn. through fatigue, James F. Tavlor (1968) and Robert H. Behrens chairman (1936-37), and chosis. He had blacked out (1934-35), aw-;e in hosoital. Write "CD39, American and John R. Dobson and William F. Norfleet chairman again of the (renamed) Nat'l Legion IVIagazine, 1345 Ave. of the Americas, (all 1969), Post 92, Hollywood, Fla. New York, N.Y. 10019" James A. Boswell, Sr. and Thomas L. Sullivan Rehabilitation Commission (1951-52). A 15th Corps, Field Art'y, Bat A (European (both 1966) and Salvatore Collurafici and Murray Seth F. Turpen, Sr. (all WWl veteran, "Pat" was one of the Theater, 2-22-44 to 10-15-45) —Need informa- Harry D. and tion from Capt. Berry, Sgt Leinhart, Stratton, 1969), Post 162, Deerfield Beach, Fla. most dynamic figures in the Legion's ef- Johnson, Heller and any other comrades who Frank W. McCook and Clyde B. McDuffee knew of Reyes Melchor's ear trouble and (both 1969), Post 276, Englewood. Fla. forts to provide quality care for disabled hearing difficulty as a result of being under Hugh Dorsey Covvart and F. E. Dalton and veterans. After WW2 he led a movement constant gunfire. Write "CD40, American James DeVore (all 1969), Post 201, Alpharetta, Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave. of the Americas, Ga. in as Minnesota which served the model New York, N.Y. 10019" Joaquin Munoz and Lewis C. Newbill and for the restructuring of the VA hospital Marine Air Gp, Sqdn 16 (Danang, Vietnam, John Petrllli (all 1969), Post 1, Guatemala City. April 1966-67)—Need information from Mil- C. A. system nationally that was directly re- ler, Paul, Mask, Wilson and other comrades Harold C. Hill and Edward R. Himrod and recall Eugenic Martinez having frequent sponsible for the high quality of VA who Nash A. Witten (all 1970), Post 13, Honolulu. blackout spells. Write "CD41, American Hawaii. medical care thereafter. He was active Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave. of the Americas, Arthur E. Gustafson and Bert R. J. Hassell New York, N.Y. 10019" and John F. Pelgen (all 1969), Post 60, Rock- in the campaign estabUshing the 25- 54th AA Trg Bn, Bat D, 3rd Platoon (Camp ford, 111. cents-a-member fund for the Nat'l Re- Callan, Calif., Oct. 16, 1942)—Need informa- Frank Dusil and Carl Eckert and John Ehr- tion from comrades Findley, Huisenga, man and Harold V. Ellis and Martin Franey (all habilitation Commission. Kinder and any others who recall that Ray- 1968) , Post 76, Marengo, Iowa. Feist, while on hike and going through deaths: mond Irvin Chapman and Edward Dehnert and Van Other 16-ft. wall obstacle course, jumped off about Hansen and Nels Jensen (all 1969), Post 664, Carle B. Lenker, 75, of Winner, S. Dak., while carrying a full field pack. Write "CD42, Lu Verne, Iowa. American Legion Ma^pzine, 1345 Ave. of the a member of the Nat'l Rehabilitation Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019" (Continued on next page) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 41 :

NEWS

Carl H. Kiiabe and Albert VV. Link and number of names you wish to report. No writ- 502nd AAA Bn— (Oct.) James Seibert. 136 S. Joseph W. Menke and Frank Scharpman (all ten letter necessary to get forms. Park St., Wheeling W. Va. 26003 1969), Post 668. West Point. Iowa. 530th Eng Lt Ponton Co— (Sept.) Wilbur Kar- Donald R. Walker and August A. Werlj- and lock, 904 N. Main St.. Normal. 111. 61761 Edward F. Wettig (all 1969). Post 23, Leaven- 540th Eng (WW2)— (Oct.) Jack O'Brien, 6201— worth, Kans. OUTFIT REUNIONS 25th Ave. N.. St. Petersburg, Fla. 33710 Percy N. Browne and Neckley M. Ferris (both Reunion will be held in month indicated. 558th AAA AW Bn— (Sept.) John Sackandy, 1969), Post 14, Shrevepoit, La. For particulars write person whose address is 1902 Sloan Ave.. Latrobe, Pa. 15650 George W. Huffnagle, Sr. and Percival H. given. 572nd AAA— (Oct.) Norman Evans. 810 Rich- Kenerson and George H. Roberts (all 1970). Notices accepted on official forms only. For mont St., Scranton, Pa. 18509 Post 137, Fryeburg, Maine. form send stamped, addressed return envelope 661st Tank Dest Gus Arnold and Benjamin Hardesty and Bn— (Oct.) Millard Mellinger, to O. R. Form, American Legion Magazine, Sr.. RD 1, Wrightsville. Pa. Ernest Hcflin and George Hood and Clarence 17368 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 695th AFA Bn (Korea)— (Oct.) Hoyt Palmer. Kirstein (all 1969), Post 41, Silver Spring, Md. 10019. Notices should be received at least five Armory, Jockey Percy Frantz Hollow Rd., Morristown, and Robert B. Garrett and months before scheduled reunion. No written N.J. 07960 Francis H. Gower and Hugli Teets (all 1970). letter necessary to get form. 701st MP Bn, Co D (WW2)— (Oct.) Charles Post 71. Oakland, Md. Earliest submission favored ShiiTianek, Rt. 1, Cedar Rapids, Iowa Willis R. Harrington and Leo M. Hinz and when volume of 52401 requests is too great to print all. 745th Tank Bn— (Oct.) A. G. Spencer, P.O. Box Marvin Jones and Charles R. Koch (all 1969). 206, Marseilles, 111. 61341 Post 49. South Haven. Mich. 751st Tank Bn (Sept.) William T. Kennedy and Hervey Kent and ARMY M— Kenneth Christen- sen. 5870 Ralston, Indianapolis, Ind. 46220 John K. McDoueall and George L. McDermott 1st Gas Reg't, CWS (WWl)— (Oct.i David 977th Field Art'y Bn— (Oct.) Ray Johnson, 232 ;)nd Alcide E. Miron (all 1969). Post 32, Exeter. Jones. 334 Maple Terr., Pittsburgh. Pa. 15211 West Ave.. Newark. N.Y. 14513 N.H. 4th Base (Oct.) PC— Frank Abbott. 7445 Mid- 3937 QM Gasoline Supply Co (WW2)— (Sept.) Henrv Leek and John Rockefeller and Frank dlepointe. Dearborn. 48126 Mich. Murray Cashdollar. Jr.. 1432 Avon PI.. Pitts- Romlein (all Post 342. Chester, 1969), N.J. 7th Reg't— (Sept.) William Rasp, American burgh. Pa. Lyman W. Marguart and Richard A. Yeomans 15221 Legion Post 107. 643 Park Ave., New York, Otranto-Kashmir Disaster (Army Troops on (both 1969), Post 49, Albuquerque, N. Mex. N.Y. 10021 British Ships)— ( Oct.) Harold Rath, 2114 Cal- Elston A. Ecker and Wilson E. Henderson and 15th Evac Hosp— (Oct.) Russell Clark. 125 ifornia St.. Cedar Falls, Iowa 50613 Luther W. Rath and Herman E. Trvon. Sr. Hayes Ave., Lancaster, Pa. 17602 (all 1969). Post 1435. Altmar, N.Y. 21st Eng Lt Rwy (WWl)— (Oct.) George Whit- NAVY Bobby L. Martin and Vester Martin and T. E. field, 192 Broad St.. Eatontown. N.J. 07724 Taylor (all 1969), Post 234, Valdese, N.C. 21st 1st Marine Aviation Evac Hosp— (Aug. I Charles Butcher. 310 Force— (Oct.i James Nich- F. M. Barber, Sr. and Claude Binkley, Sr. and N. Kimble Dr., Bloomington. Ind. 47401 olson. 800 E. Lake Ave.. Baltimore, Md. 21212 Carl Gaines and Arthur Mashbum and B. B. 23rd Eng, Co C (WWl)— (Oct.) Stephen Mul- 6th Seabees (WW2)— (Oct.) James Trainer, Box Oldham (all 1969). Post 292. Goldston. N.C. lery, 231 Marine Ct.. Lauderdale By The Sea. J.. 103 E. Margret, Cuba, Mo. 65453 Thomas Thomnson and Emil Tollefson and Fla. 33308 33rd Seabees (WW2)— (Sept.) Edw. Rauschart, Helmer H. Trvhus and Albert M. Wolden (all 31st Rwy Eng (WWl)— (Oct.) Kenneth Nelson, 1227 Greentree Rd.. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15220 1969). Post 166, Walcott, N. Dak. 2521 3rd Ave. N., Great Falls. Mont. 59401 G3rd Seabees— (Sept.i Vernon Mangold. 1147 Georee Hill and Walter L. Rye and Josenh M. 46th Dodd Rd.. St. Paul. Minn. .55118 Eng ( Const Bn (WW2)— Sept. ) Lowell Schoenecker. all 1970), Po=t 123, Norwood. Ohio. Albright, Callao, Mo. 63534 IflSth Seabees (WW2)— (Oct.) Wanda Linton, Anthony Knapo and William C. Llovd and 47th Gen Hosp— (Oct.i John Harrison. Rt. 4. 448 Colford Ave.. West Chicago, 111. 60185 .lohn J. Kerbert and W. S. Wineland (all 1967). Box 468. Easley. S.C 29640 Nat'l Yeomen F— (Sept.) Mrs. Estelle Ruby, Post 5. Pittsbursh. Pa. 58th Art'y CAC, Bat F— (Sept.i Herb Bast, 249 5425 30th PI. N.W.. Washington, D.C. 20015 James E. VanZandl (1969). Post 228. Altoona. Gralan Rd., Baltimore. Md. 21228 USS Albert W. Grant (DD649)— ( Aug.) Robert Pa. 62nd CAC Supply Co (WWl)— (Oct.) Neal Lusak, 24279 Beechlane. North Olmsted, Harley Marshall and Chris N. Serck and Pfaffenberger, RFD 1. Seymour. Ind. 47274 Ohio 44070 Ralph Thorpe and La Vern Trickle (all 1970). 66th Field Art'y Brigade (WWl)— (Oct.) Rich- USS Canberra (CA70, CAG2)— (Oct.) Jerry Der Post 128, Hudson, S. Dak. ard Martin, 12105 S.W. 72nd Ave., Portland, Boghosian. P.O. Box 1602. Portland, Maine Ore. 97223 04104

Life Memberships are accepted for publica- 75th Sta Hosp— (Aug. I Llovd Mortimer. 830 USS Herndon (DD638)— ( Sept. ) Angus Schmelz. tion only on an official form, which we nrovide. Montgomery Ave., Brvn Mawr, Pa. 19010 35 Henrv St.. Succasunna, N.J. 07876 Reports received only from Commander. Ad- 82nd Div— (Oct.) Harry House. 1056—59th St.. USS Hobby (DD610)— (Oct.) Raymond Simons. jutant or Finance Officer of Post which Brooklyn. N.Y. 11219 3282 Saunder Settlement Rd., Sanborn, N.Y. awarded the life membership. 90th Div— (Oct.) C. D. Steel. 7816 Crescent St., USS LSM 217— (Oct.) Donald Bolton. 130 Carl- They may get form by sending stamped, self- Raytown, Mo. 64138 son Dr., Cumberland, R.I. 02864 addressed return envelope to: 93rd CA AA— (Oct.) William Gundel. 4020 W. USS LST 810 (WW2)— (Oct.) Ray Colburn, "L.M. Form. American Legion Magazine, 1345 Potomac Ave.. Chicago. 111. 60651 1420 Bay View Dr., Havre de Grace, Md. 21078 Avenue of the Americas, New York. N.Y." insth Field Art'y— (Oct.) Lyndon Woodward, USS Saratoga (CVS) & all Air Gps— (Oct.) 10019 265 Dorchester Rd.. River Edge. N.J. 07661 Douglas Alley. 651 Balboa. Coronado. Calif. On a corner of the return envelope write the 106th Field Art'y (WW1&2)— (Oct.) Fran Saelz- ler. 15 Waltham Ave.. Lancaster. N.Y. 14086 AIR 108th Evac Hosp (WW2)— (Oct.) Ora Daniel. 27th Aero Sqdn (WWl)— (Oct.) Harry Livers, \N' 409 N. Park St.. Kewanee. 111. THE AMEBIC LEGIOX 61443 17 Charles St.. Hampton, Va. 23369 108th Inf. 2nd Bn— (Oct.) Jim WTIONAL HEADQUARTER Wilson. 95 Dun- 92nd Bomb Gp (Aug.) George Reynolds, 710 barton Dr.. Rochester, N.Y. 14618 — MAY 31, 1970 Stewart Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43206 IHth Field Sig Bn (Oct.) W. F. ASSETS (WWD— Wor- 388th Bomb Gp, 560th Bomb Sqdn— (Oct.) John rell, P.O. Box 154, Ruston, La. 71270 Utz, 1113 Parkway Rd., Greenbelt, Md. 20770 1.880.241.15 120th Inf. Co L (Sept.) Bill (WW2)— William- 457th Air Serv Sqdn— (Oct.) Dale McNaul. 57 171.472.84 son. P.O. Box 1446. Laurinburg, N.C. 28352 State St., Mansfield, Ohio 44907 615,028.79 128th Inf, Co A (WW2)— (Oct.) Ken Drake. 915th Sig Co (Depot Aviation)— (Oct.) Louis 3.839.565.61 Dunn County Courthouse. Menomonie, Wis. RatlifE. 450 Fairway Rd.. Ridgewood, N.J. Trust Funds : l.-JOth Mach Gun Bat, Co A (WWl)— (Oct.) L. Overseas Graves Decoration B. Lamberson. 403 W. Scott St.. Monett, Mo. Trust Fund 304.077. .57 131st Mach Gun Bn (WWl)— (Oct.) C. F. Vick- Etnplovees Retirement rey. P.O. Box 986, Frederick, Okla. 73542 American Legion Life Insurance Tru-t Eiiii.l 1.791,9.14.12 5,099,031.99 135th AAA Gun Bn— (Oct.) George Nice. 24 N. Improved Sproul Rd.. Broomall, Pa. 19008 Month Ending May 31, 1970 139th Inf, Real Estate , 821,521.81 Co D (WWl)— (Oct.) Keith Herring. Benefits paid Jan. 1-May 31, 1970 S 705,517 501 E. Less : \rrunnilated Kansas. Yates Center, Kans. 66783 Benefits paid since April 1958 8,853,772 D.|.r,.,i..ii„i, ....27B.I12.il 543.409.70 142nd Reg't, Co H (WWl)— (Oct.) Harry Basic Units in force (number) 169,767 Boothe. Box 365, Fmii'I'

trated and occupied the town of Tana- fensive positions were still fully manned. baru, and Tanabaru Ridge. A behind- An old trick. But in withdrawing the the-lines battle raged for three days with Japanese somehow left one section of the these troops until the Nipponese were "Jim used to collect shells on this beach. Shuri line vacated. A small group of Now it's cans." annihilated. By midnight May 5. Gen- Marines from the 1st Battalion, 5th Ma- eral Ushijima knew that his May 3 of- rines, to cross Corps bounda- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE was quick fensive had failed. He had suffered tre- ries and occupy Shuri Castle, home of mendous casualties, and with no hope tered the fight with Navy and Army Air the old Okinawan kings, on May 29. now of counteroftensive, he reverted to Corps fighter support. Again the attack They held their positions within the defensive warfare. was stopped. On the evening of May 14, castle while the entire Shuri perimeter From west to east, with the 6th Ma- Maj. Henry Courtney and a small group crumbled. Then by May 31, the 77th rine Division, the 1st Marine Division, from G Company reached survivors on Division walked into Shuri as the 24th the 77th Army Division and the 96th Sugar Loaf and managed to maintain Corps and the 3rd Amphibious Corps Army Division occupying successive po- their position all night, but were again joined forces south of what until then sitions on a line facing Shuri, General forced to withdraw. All along the Shuri had been the Imperial strong point on Buckner ordered a coordinated 10th line, the fight was the same yard-for-yard Okinawa. The Shuri defenses had finally Army attack for May 11. Working struggle of man against man. been breached by the Americans. toward this attack date, the 7th Division The main Japanese ground forces on the east flank advanced doggedly, al- THE CENTER of the line, the 77th Di- now moved to new positions in the though tired IN and undermanned. When vision fought at Ishimi Ridge. On the Yuza Dake hill mass, with the sea relieved by the 96th Division, the 7th had east, attack after attack on Conical Hill even closer to their backs. American its hold on Kochi almost complete. But by the 96th Division was unsuccessful. troops pursued the enemy to the south, the attack was moving no faster than A full seven weeks after the unopposed relatively unhampered by any unified an infantryman could crawl. U.S. landings, the heart of the Shuri defense. General Buckner spoke too op- In the Okinawa center, the 77th Divi- defenses was still intact. timistically when he said. "It's all over sion took Maeda Ridge, then made step- During the last week of May. mon- now but cleaning up pockets of resis- by-step advances along Route 5 toward soon rains came. Wana Draw was tance."" He could not know that his army

Shuri. By May 11, the 24th Corps had flooded with liquid mud. Tanks bogged still faced three more weeks of organized eliminated many enemy positions in down. Even amphibian tractors could fighting: that the Japanese would set up preparation for the all-out drive. At the not get through. All supplies and the another defensive line, and that there high cost of 20,000 casualties, the wounded had to be hand-carried over would yet be over 50.000 more combined American forces had extended their line, areas swept by rain and enemy fire. (Continued on page 44) THE AMER ICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 43 —

OKINAWA—THE LAST BATTLE OF WW2 supplies or reinforcements, the Japanese " (Continued from page 43) forces collapsed on June 17. The 32nd as an army had been broken completely. dead—including himself. And while more companies were cut off from their General Ushijima's final order Yuza Dake lay ahead, over on the right lines and suffered accordingly. Flame- to his men was to infiltrate there was the Oroku Peninsula still to be throwing and regular tanks moved into American lines and return taken. the cutoff sector, bringing supplies, firing to the rugged terrain of northern on the enemy and carrying out the Okinawa to fight on as guerrillas. The Japanese SOME 3,000 Japanese naval troops, wounded. Fighting raged for five days general had flatly refused Gen- poorly trained, were on Oroku under before the hill fell to the Americans. eral Buckner's earlier invitation to sur- the command of old Admiral Minoru On June 8. General Buckner. a true render. Ota. Although the peninsula originally field man, visited a forward observation On June 21st. Japanese Generals was fortified, this naval force was ordered post of the 8th Marine Regiment, 2nd Ushijima and Cho prepared for death. to join the 32nd Army in its retreat from Division. He was inspecting battle prog- Both commanders shared a large meal Shuri. First, they destroyed their heavy ress when a Japanese shell burst directly and drank sake toasts of farewell with guns. Reaching their new positions two overhead. A fragment struck him in the their staff. At 0400, the morning of June days ahead of schedule, they became chest. Within grasp of the greatest U.S. 22, they sat on a quilt covered by a white very dissatisfied. The younger officers begged the admiral to return to Oroku. Foolishly, this return was accomplished without telling General Ushijima. Since they'd destroyed their own heavy guns, they mined the area heavily and stripped machineguns and 20mm cannons from disabled aircraft to bolster their posi- tions. The American forces elected to make new landings on the Oroku. Two days later, heavy opposition was still encoun- tered from dug-in Japanese. The 1st Ma- rine Division and eight battalions of the 6th Marine Division, with heavy tank support, cut across the base of the peninsula. Caught in this pincer and without big guns, Nipponese opposition on Oroku was crushed, after a slow, te- dious, ten-day encounter. Admiral Ota and his staff were found in an under- ground bunker. Each had committed suicide by cutting his own throat, disal- lowing the nobler hara-kiri. Now the Americans were set to move into position for the final phase of the operation against the southern enemy forces. When the rainy period finally ended, troops of the 24th Corps on the eastern front and the 3rd Amphibious Corps to the west faced the Yuza Dake "Please, ma'am, won't you listen to my complete sales talk? hill mass. The only break ahead of the It's getting so that I'm beginning to forget the last part of it!" 24th Corps was a short, narrow valley running south through Nakaza. This ap- proach was open on both sides to ob- THK AMtHICAN I.KtilUN iMAGAZINIC servation and flanking crossfire. With replenished supplies, the Americans victory of the Pacific war, the command- cloth and bowed in reverence to the east- began massed artillery fire supported by ing officer of the 10th Army was killed ern sky as an adjutant presented each a air strikes on both hillsides. Lengths of on the line. Americans were shocked at sword. American troops, a short distance flexible hose were attached to flame news of General Buckner's fall; and the uphill, sensing movement in the cave thrower tanks and carried into caves subsequent death by Japanese machine- below, threw several grenades. Hastily, which tanks couldn't reach. gun fire the next day of Brig. Gen. Clau- a shout, a sword flash—and another The eastern end of the Japanese line dius Easly, assistant commander of the and both generals had fulfilled their last was first to crack, while on the western 96th Division. The closing phase of the duty to their Emperor. This ceremonial side of the island the Japanese fought battle continued with Marine Maj. Gen. twin hara-kiri marked the end of the or- the Americans to another stalemate. Roy S. Geiger assuming command of ganized fighting. Kunishi Ridge became the site of the the American forces. Okinawa—the last battle of WW2 most frantic and costly engagement had three additional endings: (1) when fought on southern Okinawa. Imperial COMPRESSED into an area of only eight the island was officially "secured" July troops had the advantage of a detailed square miles, with their backs to the 2, 1945: (2) the formal postwar sur- artillery fire plan for the valley. In ad- sea. the Emperor's 32nd Army could render of September 7, about a week dition, the area was subjected to bands only hold its positions during the day after V-J Day, to Lt. Gen. Joseph Stilwell of machinegun crossfire in the try which and to recapture some American- and, ( 3 ) the prolonged snuffing out of the 1st Marine Division lead element was held ground by night. Drained by nearly ordered guerrilla action in the north over cut off and sustained heavy losses. Five 80 days of continuous combat, without the following 28 months. 44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE AUGUST 1970 But to the lighting men. June 22 was reported as retired and continuing his accompaniment of colored lights at the the day. About noon, Island Command eft'orts to place the monument to the appropriate spots on the map. Then the Headquarters came alive with the cere- 27th. military memorabilia exhibited in the mony for which the victorious survivors The "monument" or "memorial" title glass cases around the walls take on an had striven 82 days. Token formations became so taboo that the collected his- added dimension. John Palmer's com-

from the 1 0th Army, the two corps and torical archives of the battle had to be ments were most helpful to me in con- all the divisions stood on parade, and a called the "Armed Forces Museum." and densing volumes of battle data.

band played "The Star-Spangled Ban- perhaps it is in truth a museum. In a In a scant shingled shed just a few ner" while a color guard raised their flag. permanent building at the Sukiran HQ steps from the old Futema shrine, within Near the top of the pole, a breeze caught complex since its dedication in Septem- a barn surrounded by a quiet Japanese

up the cloth and billowed the American ber 1959, it is a living record of the ter- rock garden, an "unknown" Okinawan flag out against Okinawa's now blue and rible spring of 1945. Incumbent museum artist, Shinzan Yamada, has dedicated silent sky. It was the last day of the last director John Palmer tells and shows the his life to the production of perfection battle of a war which ended 25 years ago. battle story to visitors. The main hall is itself. He is sculpting in white stone a se- taken up with scats around a full three- rene Buddha of monumental propor- NOT LONG ago I went over most of the dimensional relief scale model map of tions, which he hopes to dedicate as a Okinawa battle areas to see how Okinawa. In a tape recording he narrates memorial to all and a plea for peace in they are now. Concurrent with the a truncated version of the batde to the the world. the end American policy of playing down me- morials or monuments to the 1945 vic- tory in the Ryukyus, the Japanese have stepped up their program of memorial shrines to the defenders of the gate to the national homeland. These are re- ligious shrines, which bring pilgrims on excursions from Japan. Quite apart and distinct from the Okinawan memorial shrines. Japanese monuments have mushroomed all over the "Suicide Cliff" area of the south end—mainly massive, artistic, concrete efforts of ultramodern architecture. The "memorial" nucleus is a big canopied structure immediately above the cave where General Ushijima took his life at the battle's end. Today there is no restriction on the number or size of such shrines which tie the Ryu- kyus spiritually and emotionally back to Japan.

There is a self-imposed embargo on American memorials. A marker in Stil- Whose fault was it? well Park at Kadena still notes the spot of the signing of the surrender document. Ten minutes ago, there was an auto collision at 14th and The "impromptu" memorial General Main. You just arrived on the scene. Who was at fault? Stilwell dedicated to Buckner at the point where he died in action is just as Send now for FREE Aptitude Test that tells if you can qualify for it was, an almost shamefully crude pair big earnings and exciting opportunities in the ACTION PROFESSION!

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AMERICAN LOAN PLAN. City National Bank BIdg . tions—symbolizing the nation's agricul- leaders while lying in state in the ro- Omaha,—Nebr. 68102. tural wealth—on some of the interior tunda. r— , AMERICAN LOAN PLAN. Dept l\/IA0442 columns. Latrobe also brought from Eu- The $687,000 reconstruction job pro- Cily National Bank BIdq Omaha Nebr 68102 rope the first of many Italian and French ceeded as fast as appropriations and sculptors and artisans whose work was building material supplies permitted. The to make the Capitol one of the nation's only serious mishap was a cave-in, which killed George Blagden. He had been su- pervisor of the Capitol's stonework for nearly a quarter of a century. With the wooden dome covered by copper sheath- ing and both wings virtually complete.

Congress returned to its home I 5 years after the 1814 burning. MAKE MORE MONEY In the House wing. Representatives SELL Union Label soon discovered that the acoustics were not only as bad as before, but that the IgaOK MATCHES new hall now contained an additional H^^^ EVERYDAY IS Pf^YDM auditory idiosyncrasy. Rep. John Quincy Be your own boss. Earn steady year 'round in- come — full or part time. Show the finest, Adams, elected to the House after serv- most complete line. Every business everywhere ing as President, discovered the peculi- a prospect. Big demand — big repeat orders. Sure-fire selling kit — colorful, complete catalog arity one day when, from his seat, he make selling easy. Write today -we'll reply by realized he could hear whispered conver- return mail. Start making more money NOW! SUPERIOR MATCH COMPANY sations of other Representatives 50 feet Dept. A870 7528 S. Greenwood, Chicago 60619 away from him. Today, Capitol visitors

standing on one side of the room, which Big opportunities. Big prof- its. Earn Full is now Statuary Hall, can hear others quickly. or part time. Learn at home, whispering across the way. it's easy. Do real jobs: All For a while, nobody controlled the Tools— Materials Sup- plied. Accredited member rotunda's use. It became a flea market NHSC, Lie. State of NJ- where hucksters hawked "stoves, stew Vet. Appd. Send name, ad- dress & Zip for FREE book. pans, pianos, mousetraps, and watch rib- "This wouldn't happen again in a bons." according "while Lockstnlthing Institute, Dept 1221-OBO, Little Falls, N.J. 07424 million years." to one historian, an impresario set up a 'Panorama of " THE AMEKiCAN 1. EC ION MAGAZINE Paris, Admission 50 cents.' The dignity MEN.WOMEN.COUPLES of the Capitol was established when the MOTEL CAREERS AVAILABLE major galleries, if a controversial one. government chased them out. described by as "the de- Mark Twain On January 30, 1835, the first assas- lirium tremens of art." sination attempt against a U.S. President Bulfinch saw little need to improve occurred when President Andrew Jack- upon Latrobe's design, especially his son was leaving the crowded rotunda plans for the rotunda area, although he and a madman fired a pistol at him. The Would you like a new, exciting career in the growing motel industry? Train did prepare several alternate sketches now shot misfired. As the President attacked for a stimulating, well-paying position as for the dome and submitted them to the assailant with his cane, the gunman Motel Managers, Assistant Managers, Clerks, Housekeepers and Hostesses. Meet President Monroe and his cabinet. Bul- pulled another pistol from under his famous and interesting people; travel; finch purposely included one design for cloak. It, too. misfired and a Navy lieu- join in social activities; live in pleasant a 75-foot-high dome, which he con- tenant decked the man. surroundings. Apartment usually fur- nished. Age no barrier-maturity an asset. sidered absurd, to be used as a compari- By 1850, there were 31 states in the Train at home in spare time followed by son against his recommended dome. He Union, and the Capitol's wings were be- practical training at one of our motels. Nationwide placement assistance. For was flabbergasted when it was picked ginning to bulge with Senators and Rep- FREE information fill out and mail cou- over the others. Try as he did, Bulfinch resentatives. The nation was growing and pon today! Accredited Member NHSC. was unable to convince the President to with it congressional representation in VA APPROVED FOR VETERANS AND choose a smaller dome. Yet the present the capital. Expansion plans to provide INSERVICE PERSONNEL dome is even larger than Bulfinch's room for the new lawmakers were be- UNDER NEW Gl BILL "joke" dome. gun. A design, adapted from plans sub- UNIVERSAL MOTEL SCHOOLS, Dept. AL Beneath the rotunda, a basement crypt mitted by four architects, was approved. 1901 N.W. 7 Street. Miami. Fla. 33125 was built to hold the body of President One of the architects. Philadelphia's Plejst Print Washington. Although he was buried at Thomas U. Walter. 46, was to named Name Mount Vernon. Martha Washington had oversee construction. On July 4. 1851. in Address -Age. given permission to move the body to a ceremony presided over by President City -State. the Capitol when the crypt should be Millard Fillmore ( he left the day's oration Zip -Phone. ready. A circular opening in the rotunda (Continued on pa(>e 50)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 49 HOW THEY BUILT THE NATION'S CAPITOL IN WASHINGTON sprang leaks during a storm and had to (Continued from page 49) be abandoned in Bermuda. Freedom arrived in Washington eight months later. to Sec'y of State Daniel Webster), the after that worn by emancipated slaves Her crates were hauled to Clark Mills' cornerstone was laid. Construction was in ancient Rome, but Jefferson Davis, foundry at Bladensburg, Md., where a held up during renovation of the Library then Secretary of War, and who was also master craftsman, an emancipated slave of Congress, which had been partly overseeing the work on the Capitol, whose name is believed to be Philip gutted by fire, and it was not until 1857 changed that to a crested helmet, which Reed, began work on the 7^2 -ton cast- that the House moved into its larger accounts for the popular notion that the ings. quarters. The Senate wing was com- statue is of Pocahontas. Crawford also At noon pleted on Wednesday, Dec. 2, 1863, two years later. With that move, agreed to substitute a sheathed sword for as church bells tolled throughout the the Supreme Court shifted into the Sen- the fasces at Davis' suggestion. city, the last section of the Statue of ate's old quarters. (In 1897, the Library Civil war clouds halted the building's Freedom was hoisted up through the of Congress occupied its own building construction, but Lincoln ordered work eye of the dome and bolted into place and, in 1935. the Supreme Court moved resumed, explaining, "If people see on its permanent pedestal. As President to its present location, on the site of the the Capitol going on, it will be a sign Lincoln and official old Brick Capitol.) Washington to them that we intend the Union shall watched, American flags were unfurled As work on the wings progressed, it became apparent to Walter and the city commissioners that, when finished, their size would dwarf the building's central dome. With congressional approval, Walter designed a taller one, 217 feet high —the one we know today—which be- came one of the most distinguishing fea- tures of the capital city. Work on the new dome began in 1856. For the dome's apron, or base, Walter's plan featured a drum - shaped masonry-and-cast-iron structure with 108 windows, encircled by marble columns. It was modeled after various cathedral domes, including St. Peter's in Rome. A twin-shelled dome of cast and wrought iron stood atop the open drum. Capping the dome was a 50- foot-tall lantern, surrounded by columns. The lantern was crowned with a statue.

(Traditionally, the lantern is lighted when Congress meets at night.)

The dome's constniction is a master- piece of engineerinj, skill. Embedded around the drum's top rim are Z'/z-ton iron brackets with 36 iron ribs, which form the dome's skeletal superstructure. Riveted to the ribs are hundreds of iron panels. Intricate truss-work connects inner and outer domes. Between the two layers, a winding stairway of 183 steps With his ruler everything's too small leads to the top of the dome. More than 10. fittings 000 pieces of iron were drawn TITF \MERICaN I.FGiON MAGAZINE to precise specifications by Walter's chief assistant. August (iottlieb Schoenborn. a go on." Except for delays in delivery of and cannon on Capitol Hill boomed one Cierman-born stonemason. The pieces material, which had plagued the builders shot for each of the 35 states. Lincoln, had to fit when they reached the Capitol from the beginning, construction pro- committed to Union, included the Con- from James Bogardus" mill 240 miles ceeded well, though marred by the death federate states in the salute. Artillery at away in lower Manhattan. The dome of scaffolding supervisor Robert Slight, a dozen Union fortifications ringing weighs nearly 9 million pounds and cost who fell from the high tower. With the Washington thundered 35-gun answers. more than $1 million. outbreak of war. the Capitol was tem- When the dome was completed in

The model for the Statue of Freedom porarily converted into a barracks for 1 865, Italian-born Constantino Brumidi, atop the Capitol's dome was sculpted by 3.000 troops while Congress was not in a naturalized citizen, began his famous Thomas Crawford, a New Yorker living session in 1861. A military bakery was fresco. "Apotheosis of George Washing- in Rome, who had gained some fame built in the basement and flour was ton." Brumidi. often referred to as the with his works of Jefferson and Patrick stored in Washington's crypt. After the American Michelangelo, did much of Henry. His figure was of a portly woman. Second Battle of Manassas and An- his work while lying on his back on scaf-

19'/2 feet tall, standing on a ball in- tietam. a temporary !.500-bed hospital folding 1 80 feei above the rotunda floor. scribed with the national motto. E Pliiri- was set up there for the wounded. Troops The fresco covers 4,664 square feet and hiis Uniim. On her flowing robe was a and patients used the Capitol until Con- features Washington flanked by God- brooch inscribed '"US." Her right hand gress reconvened in the fall. desses of Liberty and Victory. 13 rested on a fasces, a bundle of rods con- Crawford had completed his model maidens representing the original states, t-.'ining an axe symbolic of official power. of Freedom in 1857. It was shipped from and six allegorical groupings around the Her left hand held a wreath and a shield. Italy on April 19. 1858, and was almost rim.

She wore a conical liberty cap modeled lost when the vessel bringing it over Brumidi then began a 300-foot-long

50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 HABAND man-made frieze of panels, high up around the ______polymeric rotunda cornice, depicting scenes in America's history. He was working on the NEW seventh panel, "'Penn's Treaty With the Indians," when his chair slipped. The PRICE 74-year-old artist would have plunged to his death but he managed to catch SHOES a scaffolding rung where he dangled helplessly for 15 minutes until his screams were heard by a watchman mak- ing his rounds in the eye of the dome. He raced down hundreds of stairs and rescued the artist. The emotional shock brought on a severe asthma attack and Brumidi died several months later. The remaining panels were finished by others. Except for restorations and renova- tions, the building remained substantially unchanged until 1956, when Congress TAKE YOUR approved plans and voted funds to ex- CHOICE OF FIVE STYLES tend the east front. The extension was ^ r ^ WE PAY Oxford POSTAGE recommended by the late J. George mi ^^^^ CASH IN on these YOU LL BE Stewart, the Capitol's architect, who ar- NOW Extraordi- SHOCKED nary Savings! The day of the high WHEN YOU SEE OUR SHOES gued that it was needed to save the dome. priced shoe is over. Folks are paying After what you've paid for shoes, you'll Architects, government officials and pri- many dollars less than ever before, wonder how any such price as ours can bitter vocal in vate citizens were and thanks to the miracle new "polymeric" be. Well, you get top quality uppers, their criticism of the plans to alter the shoe materials. This is no "cheap imi- good lifetime laces, life-of the shoe PVC building, but the District Commissioners tation" shoe. It's the real thing: the sole and heels, flexible support shank that concurred with Stewart. The 3 2 '/2 -foot New Price Shoe looks and feels in the arch, gentle foam heel cushions, and wears as well as any shoe you extension, begun in 1958, and completed superior gentlemen's detailing. The have ever worn and yet costs a frac- works! Even the new luxury linings. in 1962, added more than 50 offices, plus tion of the price. House and Senate dining rooms. IS YOUR SIZE ON THIS CHART? SAY "the END" to $15 to $30 SHOES! THE CONTROVERSY kicked up by that WE CARRY change had barely died down when, JKLL THESE in 1965, Stewart, who died in May of this SIZES! year, proposed a similar extension of the west front, where huge cracks have Please note: At the price we sell shoes, we appeared and sagging sections are braced are not allowed to mention the famous by shoring timbers. Stewart felt that the brand name of this new shoe material. only way to solve the problem was to Suffice it to say it looks like top build a new wall outside the old one, grain leather, performs even better. Why pay higher the east front. But critics as was done on and higher prices? Get disagree, insisting that the wall can be in on this astounding repaired. It should be, the American In- low price. Send in now: stitute of Architects points out, to "pre- TWO PAIRS FOR S15.95 serve this last exterior section of original We will be proud architecture of a historic building." The to send them to you for ON APPROVAL plans are still being studied. AT HOME INSPECTION As it stands today, the Capitol is 751 Your remittance refunded in full feet long, 350 feet wide and rises some if you do not choose to wear them. SOONER See It Yourself I 287 feet from its base to the tip of the OR LATER Use this Coupon I Statue of Freedom's helmet. Rising from Monk YOU WILL BE WEARING Strap the crest of its hill, starkly white, it domi- THE NEW PRICE SHOES NEW PRICE SHOES nates the city's skyline. Within, there are What What Today's new man-made shoe Color & Style 540 rooms offices, committee rooms, Mariy Size Width — materials beat the price out TWO PAIRS restaurants, etc.—the Senate and House of leather, scoff at scuffs, Black Oxford chambers. Statuary Hall and the Great keep better shape, and FOR $15.95 Brown Oxford Never Need a Shine. Why Rotunda, 180 feet below the central HABAIMD COMPANY Black Loafer spend even one dollar more dome. In its halls and galleries sculptures Dept. AL-1 for shoes? Black Wing Tip Here's something 265 North 9th Street and paintings depict notable Americans NEW. Here's something PATERSON, N.J. 07508 Cordovan Wing Tip and scenes from American history. PROVEN. O.K. Gentlemen, send me Black Monk Strap Long ago, Charles Moore, artist and the two pairs of Shoes specified at right. My Brown D-Ring Loafer writer on fine arts, observed: "The Capi- HABAND remittance of $ Special: 3 pr. 22.95 4 pr. tol is unique in that it both typifies the NEW PRICE is enclosed. 29.90 beginning and also marks the growth of Name. the .nation. The history of what has trans- SHOES Over 1,000,000 pairs pired there would be the history of the now walking around. Street country from its early to the pres- years The Haband Company City & ZIP ent." Moore wrote this in 1900, but it State CODE Paterson, New Jersey HABAND COMPANY - Operating U.S. Mail since 1925 could have been today. the end by

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 51 THERE'S AN ORGANIZATION FOR ALMOST ANYTHING Not everyone (Continued from page 32) eyes he can do no wrong. He could re- week trial, they found out that one was buys Bonds cord a recitation of the New York tele- a church organist, another could play phone directory and I would like it and the piano, and that several were good want to buy it." singers. After the druggist was found for retirement. The Crosby society meets in London, guilty and sentenced to the electric chair, where "pressures are not so great" as in they formed a social and music club America. Romary says that many mem- called the "Judge Marasco Jury Fellow- bers "gather every seven weeks at the ship" after Judge Carmine Marasco, who Albion Hotel to exchange and listen to presided at the trial. P.S. The druggist Crosby records and sometimes see obtained another trial and won an ac- Crosby films." quittal from the new jury.

A list of other fan clubs would be The Fred Smith group, while it lasted, endless, and so would any list of col- was a real oddie. Maurice Frederick lectors' clubs. Many collectors' societies Smith, who prefers to be known as Fred are well known—such as stamp col- and is now an adviser to the Rockefeller lectors, coin collectors, antique auto col- family, started it back in 1936, He was lectors, etc. Gale lists many of these, as then public relations manager of the

Not anymore anyway. Especially since the new higher interest rates went into effect. U.S. Savings Bonds now pay 5% in- terest when held to maturity of 5 years, 10 months (4% for the first year; there- after 5.20% to maturity). "1 diversified I Interest like that makes Bonds a great when should have conglomerated.'

way to save for the extra things that I HI. A.MEHIC.VN LEGION M.AGAZINE make living a little bit more fun. Boats, vacations, campers, a place at the lake or well as national and international socie- Batten, Barton, Durstine and Osborn ad in the mountains. Things you can enjoy ties of collectors of such things as agency. One day, annoyed at a rash of while you're still feeling young. wooden money, reply coupons, dolls and phonecalls he had received that were in- You can get your savings plan started toys, watches and clocks, miniature fig- tended for other Fred Smiths, he told a by joining the Payroll Savings Plan where ures, pencils, carnival glass, wood, obso- New York Times reporter that he was you work or the Bond-a-Month Plan lete paper money, mechanical banks, an- "going to organize the Fred Smiths." The where you bank. tique bottles, license plates, playing Times gave it a big blast, whereupon Start saving now. Bonds are for more cards, paperweights, maps, postcards, other news it, than retiring. media followed up on pressed and cut glass, bookplates, and so while humorist H. Allen Smith publi- on. cized the organization of all Fred Smiths There are 600 members of the Ameri- in his New York World Telegram col- can Society of Military Insignia Col- umn, and signed himself "H. Allen (call lectors, founded in 1937, Secretary- me Fred) Smith."

Treasurer is Ira L. Duncan, 744 Warfield Soon after. Smith called all the Ave., Oakland, Calif. 94610.* It pro- Fred Smiths in N.Y. telephone direc- motes study of military heraldry, and tories asking them to join and attend a Bon.ls art iafc. If loM, v'olcn,stole or ilcstroycd, Xfl* %ve replace then . Whin nccdcil, they can be publishes a catalog of all known and dis- dinner at the Biltmore Hotel. He told cashed at your bank. Tax may be deferred ^ until redemption. And always remember tinctive military insignia, as well as a them that "it is a completely silly thing Bonds are a proud way to save. quarterly, the Trading Post. to do and for that reason it is well worth Two unusual clubs were the Fred doing." At the dinner, there were 33 Take stock in America. Smiths and a musically-inclined "jury Fred Smiths, 14 Mrs, Fred Smiths, a Wrth higher poying US Savings Bonds. fellowship." The latter was made up of Fred Smith. Jr., and a Fred Smith III.

Th« U.S. Covrrnmcnl doci n t pay (or ihit advc>ti*«m«nt. 14 regular and alternate jurors who Other dinners followed, with the radio h >s prM4^n)rd as a public sci Deparlmcnl of the Treasury i td The Adveriiiirfg Council. found a Brooklyn druggist guilty of networks broadcasting the proceedings poisoning his wife. During the three- of all of them. A Smith Frederick

52 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 1

crashed one of the later dinners and was members of the same league, depend- permitted to eat off his lap, sitting back- ing on the sex of the bowler, under agree- CALENDAR wards in the back of the room. ments that accommodate such divided FREE Ad Specialty-Printing It was proposed to collect "all sorts rule. Kits and Big Commissions! of absolutely useless information and For similar reasons (standardization, start immediately earning big commissions give each member a number like a pedi- rules making, dispute arbitration, polic- ON THE SPOT selling America's finest lines of low-priced, brilliant full-color calendars, greed dog." This developed into a list of ing, official recognition and contest spon- popular advertising specialties and Business 5,000 Fred Smiths from all parts of the sorship) the Amateur Athletic Union Printing. Free Kits include many actual samples. with world with their job and company as a rules the roost over some 100,000 ama- 100 FREE BUSINESS CARDS your name, address and phone, if you act now. middle name. The founder was Fred (ad- teur athletes who compete in dozens of No experience or investment needed — just vertising) Smith, an officer of the Bow- sports. watch orders pour in. Immediate commissions on all repeat orders. The more time you put ery Savings Bank was Fred (Bowery) The American Kennel Club is a league in, the more cash you collect, either full or Smith, and so on. of some 365* or more local clubs inter- spare time. Don't pass up this golden opportunity — write ested in pedigreed The nearest thing to serious activity dog breeding and today for free and postpaid Sales Kits. showing, rather than a membership or- was cabling a warning to Adolf Hitler WILLENS-DAVID LIONEL PRESS that the order would fix his axis "if he ganization of individuals. Its place 1425 - nth St., Dept. 437, Waukegan, 111. 60085 harmed a single hair of any Fred Smith." would be assured if its only activity were its keeping of the pedigrees of more than "But it all became something of a bur-

1 0 million dogs. den," the founder recalls, "and after FREE JHTuvvf TRAINED three years or so we let the organization Some of the AKC's member clubs are LAW BOOK MAN interested chiefly in training die. I still hear from some of the peo- dog and Write today for a FREE copy of illustrated law book. field trials, "THE LAW. TRAINED MAN." which shows how to earn ple." While it lasted, the official name obedience, dog shows, etc. the professional Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) degree through was The Benevolent and Protective and But a great many of them arc devoted home study of the famous Blackstone Law Course: Books and lessons provided. Moderate cost; easy terms. Write now. Completely Universal Order Fred to just one breed of dog. of Blackstone School of Law. 307 N. Michigan Ave. There are separate clubs for Schnauz- Smiths. i^oNinied 1890 Dept. 91, Chicago, III. 60601 ers, bloodhounds, various spaniels, aire- SOME ORGANIZATIONS Completely dom- dales, Afghans, Weimaraners, assorted inate and control activities in their terriers and bulldogs, English sheep- Book Authors! Join our successful authors in a com spheres of interest, chiefly because they dogs, Papillons, Poodles, different re- FREE plete and reliable publishing program trievers, fulfill necessary services and regulat- mastiffs, setters, greyhounds, publicity, advertising, handsome books. ing powers which local clubs lack the whippets. Great Danes, Irish wolf- Send for FREE report on your manu script & copy of How To Publish Your hounds, Pembroke corgis, power to perform or enforce. Many of Welsh Rho- Book. these are fairly well known, such as the desian Ridgebacks, malamutes. Siberian CARLTON PRESS Dept. ALH 84 Fifth Ave., New York, 1001 American Bowling Congress, the Ama- huskies. Great Pyrenees dogs, Norwe- teur Athletic Union and the American gian elkhounds, pugs, Pekingese, Bri- Kennel Club. ards, dachshunds, collies. Borzois, Ba- SUPPORT ,ssoc,,, No bowling alley proprietor would senjis, basset hounds. Chow Chows, Dal- matians, Dandle Dinmonts, Doberman permit the condition or specifications of Y D U R f(^\ pinschers, . . . his tenpin lanes to vary beyond toler- German shepherds and more besides. MENTAL ances established, and annually investi- V^^' gated, by the American Bowling Con- Size is no fixed yardstick for measur- HEALTH VhV^ gress. Loss of ABC sanction would mean ing an organization's importance. The American Bowling Congress its ASSDCIATIQN the withdrawal of all male tenpin leagues needs and tournaments from the place, and the 5-million membership. In order to con- women's would follow. Every male trol the game and keep its conditions standard it needs, league and tournament tenpin bowler in and gets, the power the United to sanction all league bowlers. Far more States and some foreign lands Sfll new lifetims. Golden Metol organizations exist precisely because so Social Security Plolei in spore lime for (including Saudi Arabia) is a member BIG FKOflTS. Millions woiling la buy. few people share their particular inter- of the ABC, and it counts 5 million No investment or obligation whatsoever. ests that each would be out of touch with SEND FOR FREE SAMPLE AND "members."* That figure is tricky, since COMPLETE SALES KIT NOW.' the others in the a man who bowls in, say, three leagues, absence of a club to RUSSELL PRODUCTS CO. P.O. BOX 38478 must take out three memberships. establish contact and share experiences, 286 AL-10 PULASKI, TENN. problems and appreciation. In the cur- The ABC writes the rules of male ten- rent ( 1968) edition of Gale highly pin bowling, amends them when neces- many specialized clubs listed very few mem- sary and is the final arbitrator of all bers. FLUSHES disputes in league UP and tournament bowl- to sewer or septic tank The American Society of Dowsers ing. It is also the official only recognizer no digging up floors. (those who try to locate of individual male tenpin bowling water, minerals, WRITE , . . Mcpherson, oil, etc., with a forked stick, pendulum inc. achievement and records, for which it {Continued on page BOX 15133 TAMPA, FLA. 33614 issues various awards. Proprietors of al- 54) leys hardly ever resist the ABC's author- ity. Its standardization and policing of FIND BURIED TREASURE the game made league tenpin bowling the Find buried gold, silver, coins, treasures with powerful new biggest organized participant sport in the electronic detector. Most powerful made. Ultra sensitive. United States, and in effect put the pro- Penetrates deepinto earth. Works through mud, beach prietors in business. For mixed tenpin C4 AOC /^M^^^^ sand, rock, wood, etc. Signals ^^51^^ when object is detected. bowling (men and women) the ABC ({ T^'^i. works hand in glove with its independent p sister organization, the WIBC (Women's Write for Free Catalog, treasure hunting tips and 5 POWERFUL unusual International Bowling Congress). They souvenir coin. MODELS RELCO Dept. D-igg. share jurisdiction harmoniously over Box 10839, Houston, Tex. 77018

THE AMERI CAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 53 .

Save on Quality Tables . . . Buy At THERE'S AN ORGANIZATION FOR ALMOST ANYTHING —— (Continued from page 53) LOW, D RECT PRICES or rod) listed 600 members. This is quite Thunderbird Club International are in- Churches, schools, large clubs, lodges — compared to many others. The Na- terested only in 1955, 1956 and 1957 over 100,000 In tional Institute of American Doll Artists Thunderbirds. The 70 members of the all — get more for their money showed 75 members, 15 of them doll Curved Dash Olds Owners Club are in- by ordering direct artists and the rest sponsors. from Monroe! Find The Wills terested only in Curved Dash Oldsmo- out how much Sainte Claire Owners Club showed more biles. These old stick-steerers were YOUR organization made can save, too, on Quality folding tables, members than Wills Sainte Claire auto- in the first decade or so of this century tables, chairs and 30" X 96", as low as mobiles. It other banquet had 75 members, and re- and, as the name suggests, had curved needs. Send to- $2395 ported that only 65 of these old autos dashboards. day for FREE catalog! had been accounted for. One of the newest old car clubs is THE MONROE TABLE CO. Considering its specialty, the Anteater the Edsel Club of America, organized 69 Church St., Colfax, Iowa 50054 Association, based in Rockville. Md., by, among others. Perry Piper of West seemed to be quite healthy. It listed Liberty, 111., for owners of the ill-fated 3,500 members. There's no clue in Gale car made by Ford from 1957 to 1960. as to whether its members eat either ant- Edsel Ford Huge savings on tiny, all-in- of San Leandro, Calif., no the-ear, behind the ear, eye- eaters ants, or but they are characterized relation of the Detroit Fords, is Club glass and body models. New space age models are so tiny as "persons interested in eating wild President. Piper is Secretary and editor and well concealed your clos- game food, such as rattlesnakes, Sar- est friends may never even of The Big E quarterly newsletter. "The notice. FREE HOME TRIAL. dinian sheep, Australian kangaroo. Edsel was the last of the individualistic No down payment. Low as $10 monthly. Money back guaran- Alaskan caribou, etc., and developing cars and is a classic in the making," says tee. Order direct and save. If your doctor recommends you use hearing aid. him about Prestige aids. Write today for free catalog and confidential booklet. PRESTIGE, Dept. D91, Box 10947, Houston, Tex, 77018.

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FliEE catalog bl igat ion . G.I. Approved NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING Dept. A-:i:J. T.)lc-dn. Ohio -4.3(;0.4 M:i:/.\vi.]iii'j MiB :i:>.Mi;r^iji];.iji IRRIGATE-DRAIN-SPRAY-CIRCULATE. All-metal,

rust-proof, Type XB Stainless shaft. Use ' 4 HP or larger. 1 HP 1.200 GPH 60' high or 3,000 "By golly, I haven't heard it called GPH 25' well. 5.200 GPH max. Vi" in; 1" out. 3elt or direct drive $12.95 THK .\Mi;i(ICAN LEGION H,\GAZINE -^Type P won't rust or clog. Uron.'e brng. /_To 2,400 GPH. 1" in; ^ 1" out $8.95 ; Postpaid cash with order gourmet recipes for wild game." Piper. "It makes a fellow feel good to MONEY BACK GUARANTEE The Antique Automobile Club of have folks stop him on the street and LABAWCO, Box 21, Belle Mead, N. J. 08502 America, based in Hershey, Pa., has ask him about his Edsel—not to joke but HYDRAULIC JACK REPAIRS about 18,000 members.^' They are frac- to envy him." Earn While You Learn In Your Spare Time tioned into local clubs, many of which Stamp collectors, who may number 30 Trained and qualified mechanics needed NOW to service are wedded to a single old car, or even million, support hundreds spe- inoperative hydraulic jacks, BIG opportunity for ambitious of small men. We show you HOW - in your basement or garage to one or cial clubs as earn spare time cash m an expanding industry. Don't wait, two models of a single car. And well as the big American ACT NOW! Get the facts. there are other auto clubs not affiliated Philatelic Society. For example, there Write for folder No, A8 and free bonus offer. with either AACA or another nation- is the Association of Chess Philatelists Hydraulic Jack Repair Manual Co., Inc. a. P.O. BOX 3 • STATEN ISLAND, N. V. 10314 wide outfit, the Horseless Carriage As- composed of collectors, usually chess

sociation. The latter's interest is in cars players, who collect stamps commemo- HELP YOUR POSTOFFICE HELP YOU made up to 1915. rating chess. Such stamps have been is- Zip Code ALL your mail The 1.000 members'- of the Classic sued by Cuba, Russia and many other countries. Nearly all collectors want authentic 2 for 1 WAREHOUSE CLEARANCE SALE stamps and covers but members of the ©MCMLXX Viking IV Cinderella Stamp Club of England and the S. Allan Taylor Society of the United TWO $-198 States have minds of their own. They $3.96 VALUE VJ 10 collect only counterfeit, bogus and un- FOR * Year Guarantee TWO FOR THE PRICE OF ONE recognized issues. S. Allan Taylor, for Uazor .sharp lifelinie .stei'l liluile opens easily ami autoniaticall.v locks in place. PUSH-Bl'TTO-N release. Not a svvitcli whom the Society is named, was Amer- lilade. Tougli razor steel lilacle lioned and polislied to mirror-like ftnistl. Balanced for tareet throwing. Legal size. Hugged construction. Blade GlIAKANTEED in YE.VUS. If Wade breaks we replace free. 30-dav MONEY BACK Ot'ARA.NTEE. ica's boldest counterfeiter of stamps un- A favorite with sportsmen. I'rlceil for quivk sale of jon.ooo knives. Makes excellent gift for any man or Imv. Two for $1,118 plus 5nc shipping. .Send lasli, ck. or M.O. to VIKINT, KNIVES, Dept. K-lin, Box inSSfl. Houston. Tex. 7701S. til his death in 1913 and his creations 54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 are prized. The Rev. John S. Bain of lyricist. George Washington was patron CHANGE OF ADDRESS Santa Rosa, Calif., a Baptist minister, saint. King George V was the English has a big collection of them. As these Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. representative and Georges Clemenceau, and other professional bogus items are Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. the French charge d'affaires. A few no- scarce, members of the two societies 46206, using Post Oflfice Form table Georges were invited to join. The sometimes print up their own fantasies. 3578. Attach old address label rest applied or were nominated by Lunar Interplanetary friends. The only formal refusal came Colony and and give old and new addresses "stamps" were recent items. from one-time British Prime Minister with zip code and current Numerous organizations exist to bring Lloyd George who feared acceptance membership card number. Also about some change. Two subgroups of might violate diplomatic protocol. The be sure to notify your Post the Women's Liberation Movement, Society got results. Pullman cars began which seeks equality of the sexes in all Adjutant. to display cards giving the real name of things, are SCUM (Society for Cutting the porter, an idea copied by airlines for Up Men) and WITCH (Women's In- announced he would form the society. stewardesses and pilots. ternational Conspiracy from Hell, and The friend was an imaginative printer. A private agency to document and where did the T come from?). He struck oflf membership cards and had scientifically evaluate premonitions is The International Order of Hoo Hoo them waiting for Dulany when he re- the Central Premonitions Registry, P.O. v/as started by lumbermen back in 1 892 turned to his office. Box 482, Times Square, N.Y. It likes to combat superstitions, which it long The cards pledged the bearer to re- to collect and examine accounts of peo- did by defying them. It adopted a black frain from calling any Sleeping Car por- ple who had some instinctive warning cat for its symbol. Today it has changed ter "George" and to discourage this or dream of a direful event that came into a promotional arm of the lumber form of address on the part of others. true. industry, and it even offers wooden At its heyday, 30,000 travelers who had The National Investigations Commit- nickels for use as chips in friendly poker George as part of their name, including tee on Aerial Phenomena collects re- games. a few women, carried these cards. They ports of "unidentified flying objects," The need for the Society for the Pre- paid no initiation fee or dues, but there an activity for which the Air Force no vention of Calling Sleeping-Car Porters was an organization. longer has a separate office. George has dwindled with sleeping cars. Admiral George Dewey was its first For all that this account has men- It was fathered by George W. Dulany, president. Gen. George Goethals its tioned, it hardly scratches the surface, Jr., a Chicago banker, on a train near second and Sen. George H. Moses its and not even Gale's 14,000 or so en- Clinton, Iowa, more than half a century third president. George Cardinal Mun- tries come close to listing all the various ago. Annoyed at having to pay atten- delein was chaplain; George "Babe" national organizations in the United tion every time a porter was called Ruth, sergeant at arms; George Ade, States. "George," Dulany turned to a friend and poet laureate, and George M. Cohan. (Continued on page 56)

Official American Legion Life Insurance Amount of Insurance Determined by Age at Death Age Basic Full Unit Total Coverage During 1970 As a Legionnaire, you can protect your family's well-being for as little as 70 Under 30 $10,000 $11,500.00 a day with Official American Legion Life Insurance. Just mail this enroll- 30-34 8,000 9,200.00 35-44 4,500 ment card with your check for $8 for a full unit of protection for all of 1970 5,175.00 45-54 2,200 (beginning September only 2,530.00 1). That comes to $2 a month! Normally no 55-59 1,200 1,380.00 medical is required. If you are not accepted, your $8 will be promptly re- 60-64 800 920 00 65-69 500 funded. No person 5 age 70 or over (including those desiring a second half 575.00 70-74- 330 379.50 unit) will be accep ed for new insurance. "Insurance te iinales on the 1st day of January coinciding with or next following your 75th btrthday

ENROLLMENT CARD for YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE for MEMBERS of THE AMERICAN LEGION PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT- ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS - CHECK MUST ACCOMPANY THIS ENROLLMENT CARD

Full Name_ _Birth Date_ First Middle Mo Day Year Permanent Residence^ street No. City state

Name of Beneficiary Relationship^ Important Example; Print "Helen Louise Jones," Not "Mrs. H, L. Jones" If you reside in New York, North Carolina, Membership Card No _Year_ -Post No. ^State_ Ohio, Texas, I apply for a Full Unit of insurance at Annual Premium of $24.00 or a Half Unit at $12.00 Wisconsin, Illinois. The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this New Jersey or Puerto enrollment card: Rico, do not use this form. Instead, write to 1. Present occupation? Are you now actively working? the address shown.

(Applications and Yes No If No, give reason benefits vary slightly 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If Yes, give date, length of stay in some areas.) and cause

MAIL TO: 3. Do you now have, or during the past five years have you had, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, diabetes or any other serious AMERICAN illness? No Yes If Yes, give dates and details LEGION LIFE I represent that, to the best of my knowledge, all INSURANCE statements and answers recorded on this enrollment card are true complete. I agree that this and enrollment card shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it under the PLAN, policy. I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may attend or P.O. BOX 5609, examine me, to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Dated, 19_ .Signature of Applicant_ 60680 GMA-300-16 469 870 J THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 55 THERE'S AN ORGANIZATION FOR ALMOST ANYTHING AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL/ (Cont'd from page 55) sSHOPPER For instance, on the pages of this magazine there regularly appears an Outfit Reunions column, announcing re- unions of veterans of various military units who served in past wars. Veterans of campaigns (such as the Archangel and Siberian expeditions at the end of WWl), divisions, regiments, battalions

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and companies; of ships, naval stations, military hospitals, flying squadrons, ar- tillery units large and small, training stations and others are organized na- tionally, and only a handful of them SAVE YOUR appear in Gale. Many of them have pub- lished complete histories, and have never HEART WITH. missed holding a reunion or publishing a STAIR-GtlDE newsletter. It is five years since the card PROTEST THE PROTESTERS! Beautiful American Flag pin. Rental-Purchase Plan Available index of them kept by The American First quality ruby, sapphire & crystal rhinestones. Gold Installs quickly • Will not mar plated. $2.50 gift-boxed, 2 for $4.50 ppd. Man's lapel pin/ stairway • Tax deductible Legion Magazine was counted. There tie tac (right). Hard enamel, English gold finish. $1.25 when recommended by phy- sician • Costs were gift-boxed, 2 for $2.25, ppd. Quantity prices for fund about 8c a wk. more than 900 of them active at raising. to operate • Guaranteed. Used by thousands: that time, while their numbers seem to PATRIOTIC Cardiac SUPPLIES Patients, Box 1776 Sr. Citizens, Post have increased since. Operatives, Dept AL-8, Birmingham, Alabama 35201 Arthritics, and as a Wife-Saver. A recent count listed 157 national vet- Write For Free Brochure erans organizations that embrace vet- AMERICAN STAIR-GLIDE CORP. 201 W. 80th erans of more than one former military Terr. Dept. ALB ZIP CODE ALL YOUR MAIL Kansas City, Mo. 64114 M unit. These include The American Le- gion, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, the Disabled American Veterans, the Am- vets, the Paralyzed Veterans Associa- SICK OF tion, the Jewish and the Catholic War Veterans, the National Collegiate Vet- PROTEST erans Association (chiefiy Vietnam vets SYMBOLS? .^i^^ now in college), and many smaller ones.

The American Legion's membership is Wear This Modern Version of larger than all the others combined. steel blade The Famous "Ruptured DucW u> a razor' .s edKe. Rus- Ke.l. Opens with flick of Non-veteran patriotic societies finger. Ixjcks into pcsition. Now, the historic badge of W.W. II service returns to serve Blade will not close when in use. as a Pi-e...s button in abound, and whether it is patriotism, handle to close, dislinctive symbol of support lor jour country. Based on the original safccy nnprir cruard. Sure-srrip handle. l.alaiK'od for target ihrowinR. IF BROKEN with added declaration "Service Before... Support Now!" Anyone who buttons, rug cleaning or cats that you WITHIN lO YEARS WE WILL REPLACE AT NO has honorably served their Country may wear it proudly on lapel, shirt, CHARGE! Use 30 days. Money back if not please7, Chicago. 111. r.0620. NE add sales suit your interest. the end Fsl. 19.30

56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 !

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rich gold or silver finish. Tie Tac/Lapel Pin or pressure Tie Slide $1.50 If your doctor recommends you • ea. ppd. keep close tab on your blood iressure, here's the perfect instrument. aUANTITY DISCOUNTS High-quality Aneroid-type with touch and hold Velcro GET this valuable collection ot 100 dlBerent stamps FOR CLUBS, groups: sleeve. No slipping. Accurate, easy-to-read gauge. Choose Tie Tac/Lapel Pifi (includes extra gripper Irom the world's far places new countries, — commemora- )r T>c Slide (with alligator clip). Choose Compact zippered case. Unconditional war- 6-11 pieces 1.25 ea. ppd. one-year tlves, pictorials, scarce old Issues. Get Dominica Moon lag Design (A) or flag/UNITV Design (8) on cither ranty against defects in workmanship or materials. $16.95. Landing, Burundi Pope, others shown PLUS colorlul . Also clioose Gold or Silver finish. Individually 12-23 pieces 1.10 ea. ppd. Kennedy and Dickens Memorials. Laos, many more. (ed. ORDER TODAY. Please enclose payment. Com- Blood pressure unit and genuine Bowles Stethoscope, , plete satisfaction guaranteed. 24 up pieces 1.00 ea. ppd. Rare paintings, famous people, fierce beasts, pirate $19.95. Money back guarantee if returned ppd. within treasure. Also stamp selections to examine. Buy any or REEVES CO. Box 719-L, Attleboro, Mass. 02703 30 days. Add 75( pstg. none, cancel service anytime. Rush lOi now. From the Jewelry Capital of the World Piper Brace Co. • BABCELOW STOMP CO., Dept. 8ALP, Colois, Moine 04419 Dept. AL-80BU 811 Wyandotte • Kansas City, Mo. 64105 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . AUGUST 1970 57 PERSONNEL READING LIST Resumes are tlicir addiction PARTING SHOTS Along with other works of fiction. E. B. DF. VlTO

WISE WORDS They never serve the ones who stand and wait. James Ada.ms

PARTING TOUCH Have \ou a last request Before you die? Asked Warden Jones Of convict Fry.

To my last request. You'll not agree

But, I wish you were To accompany me. Maurice R. Sonafelt

HOP TO IT Bunnies: Rabbit's feat

Raymond |. Cvikoia

WORSE VERSE His wife ordered a hearse Wiien he took a turn for the nurse.

B. J. Hausfr

DESTINY'S CHILDREN 'It sure takes a lot of practice to learn how to wash a car, don't it?' It's getting so we can't tell what kids are going to kook up next. i rih. \MI IIK'AN I ICrilON MAC.AZINE La\e Oli.n(;housf.

WITHOUT A SOUND, YET

My wife should get I he laurels for Bird mimics—hear me .squawk MIRROR, MIRROR, ON THE WALL \Vhatever I attempt to do '\'\\o hippies went to an art gallery and one of them stared at a display She watches like a hawk. and griped, "1 hate this modern garbage." Frfd Norman

The other said, "Get with it, man, that's a mirror." Mi LVIN BrNDrR POINT KILLER He who hesitates will promptly find someone else telling the rest of the joke. GOOD SUGGESTION 1 1 \i Chadwick An employer had spent a great deal of money to ensure that his men should work under the best conditions. "Now whenever I enter this workshop." he said, "I want to see every man cheerfully performing his task, and therefore I invite you to place in this box any further suggestions as to how that can be brought about." A week later the box was opened; it contained only one slip of paper, on which was written: "Don't wear rubber heels." Henry E. l.rAiu)

"BIG SPENDER" A teenager drove inlo a gas station and said, "I'll take a quart of gas and a liaK pint of oil."

The gas station attendant, somewhat annoyed, replied, "And— sliali i sneeze in )our tires also?"

Lucille J. Goodyear

JUST WAIT A MINUTE "There's only one thing that bugs me about this revolution bit," sighed one radical to another. "And what's that?" "What happens to our unemployment checks when we overthrow "Well, Mother, what'll it be? the government?" Sex or violence?" H. E. Martz THi: AUISRICAN LXCION MAGAZINE

58 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1970 This is the era of the "hot" cartridge. tion . . . the action in our Model 700. In the to settle for less. They all have low-profile Everybody wants higher velocity, flatter 700 the cartridge head is surrounded by safeties, target-type triggers, the most trajectory, greater range. But you just can't three rings of solid steel. And there are no scratch-resistant wood finish around and slap these hard-hitting new cartridges in a extractor cutaways to weaken this critical all the other touches you'd expect to find rifle of dubious quality . . . even if that rifle area. Bolt lugs are machined from steel on a sophisticated rifle. Yet prices start at has a bolt action. every bit as strong as the steel around the only $139.95*. All the details are in our

We've got a hot new cartridge, too. And cartridge head. And we could go on . . . the new catalog. You ought to have a copy. It's there's no doubt that our 25-06 Rem. (fac- point is that the 700 is every bit as strong free . . . just write: Remington Arms Com- tory-loaded in Remington and Peters as it looks and has all the strength needed pany, Inc., Bridgeport, Conn. 06602, Dept.H8. brands) does what it's supposed to: it de- to handle today's modern cartridges. Remington builds livers 3500 ft. per sec, drops only 6.3 ins. at Our Model 700 is available in sixteen thousands of firearms a year. 300 yds. when sighted for 200 yds. with an calibers (including the exciting new 25-06 One at a time. 87 grain bullet. (We'll announce a 120 grain Rem.) and four styles. bullet soon.) Nice thing is, we also have So there's no reason the rifle built to handle that cartridge . . . our Model 700. Remember, the 25-06 Rem. develops thousands of pounds of pressure per

square inch. To handle that kind of pres- •Minimum Fair Trade prices in all states included in Remington's Fair sure requires an extraordinarily strong ac- Trade program. In other states, these are recommended minimum prices.