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Facing History and Ourselves is an international educational and professional development organization whose mission is to engage students of diverse backgrounds in an examination of racism, prejudice, and antisemitism in order to promote the development of a more humane and informed citizenry. By studying the historical development of the Holocaust and other examples of genocide, students make the essential connection between history and the moral choices they confront in their own lives. For more information about Facing History and Ourselves, please visit our website at www.facinghistory.org.

Facing History and Ourselves® is a trademark registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.

Cover photos courtesy of Will Okun (www.wjzo.com).

To order classroom copies, please fax a purchase order to 617-232-0281 or call 1-800-856-9039 to place a phone order.

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Facing History and Ourselves Headquarters 16 Hurd Road Brookline, MA 02445-6919 ABOUT FACING HISTORY AND OURSELVES

Facing History and Ourselves is a nonprofit educational organization whose mission is to engage students of diverse backgrounds in an examination of racism, prejudice, and antisemitism in order to promote a more humane and informed citizenry. As the name Facing History and Ourselves implies, the organization helps teachers and their students make the essential connections between history and the moral choices they confront in their own lives, and offers a framework and a vocabulary for analyzing the meaning and responsibility of citizenship and the tools to recognize bigotry and indifference in their own worlds. Through a rigorous examination of the failure of democracy in Germany during the 1920s and ’30s and the steps leading to the Holocaust, along with other examples of hatred, collective violence, and genocide in the past century, Facing History and Ourselves provides educators with tools for teaching history and ethics, and for helping their students learn to combat prejudice with compassion, indifference with participation, myth and misinformation with knowledge.

Believing that no classroom exists in isolation, Facing History and Ourselves offers programs and materials to a broad audience of students, parents, teachers, civic leaders, and all of those who play a role in the education of young people. Through significant higher education partnerships, Facing History and Ourselves also reaches and impacts teachers before they enter their classrooms.

By studying the choices that led to critical episodes in history, students learn how issues of identity and membership, ethics and judgment have meaning today and in the future. Facing History and Ourselves’ resource books provide a meticulously researched yet flexible structure for examining complex events and ideas. Educa- tors can select appropriate readings and draw on additional resources available online or from our comprehensive lending library.

Our foundational resource book, Facing History and Ourselves: Holocaust and Human Behavior, embodies a sequence of study that begins with identity—first individual identity and then group and national identities, with their definitions of membership. From there the program examines the failure of democracy in Germany and the steps leading to the Holocaust—the most documented case of twentieth-century indifference, de-humanization, hatred, racism, antisemitism, and mass murder. It goes on to explore difficult questions of judgment, memory, and legacy, and the necessity for responsible participation to prevent injustice. Facing History and Ourselves then returns to the theme of civic participation to examine stories of individuals, groups, and nations who have worked to build just and inclusive communities and whose stories illuminate the courage, compassion, and political will that are needed to protect democracy today and in generations to come. Other examples in which civic dilemmas test democracy, such as the Armenian Genocide and the US civil rights movement, expand and deepen the connection between history and the choices we face today and in the future.

Facing History and Ourselves has offices or resource centers in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom as well as in-depth partnerships in Rwanda, South Africa, and Northern Ireland. Facing History and Ourselves’ outreach is global, with educators trained in more than 80 countries and delivery of our resources through a website accessed worldwide with online content delivery, a program for international fellows, and a set of NGO partnerships. By convening conferences of scholars, theologians, educators, and journalists, Facing History and Ourselves’ materials are kept timely, relevant, and responsive to salient issues of global citizenship in the twenty-first century.

For more than 30 years, Facing History and Ourselves has challenged students and educators to connect the complexities of the past to the moral and ethical issues of today. They explore democratic values and consider what it means to exercise one’s rights and responsibilities in the service of a more humane and compassionate world. They become aware that “little things are big”—seemingly minor decisions can have a major impact and change the course of history.

For more about Facing History and Ourselves, visit our website at www.facinghistory.org. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Primary writer: Elisabeth Fieldstone Kanner

Facing History and Ourselves extends much gratitude to the many individuals and groups whose thoughtful conversations, committed partnerships, and generous support made this project possible. We thank the Fledgling Fund for its generous support for the development of this study guide. Special recognition goes to Nicholas Kristof and Reporter filmmakers Eric Daniel Metzgar and Mikaela Beard- sley for making an important, engaging film and for their contributions to this study guide.

We would also like to recognize our staff and others who contributed to the creation of this study guide: Our editorial team, Pamela Donaldson, Tanya Huelett, Mark Davis, Deb Chad, Adam Strom, Marc Skvirsky, Marty Sleeper, Dimitry Anselme, and Margot Stern Strom, reviewed numerous iterations of the manuscript. Rebecca Hamilton continues to be a wonderful friend to Facing History, sharing with us her experience as a reporter and an anti-genocide activist. Elisabeth Fieldstone Kanner synthe- sized comments from many sources to create this valuable study guide. April Lambert and Catherine O’Keefe oversaw the production of this study guide with wisdom, energy, and efficiency. Emma Smizik and Ronnie Millar coordinated our work, and our research intern Hilary Walker devoted countless hours to the project. We would also like to thank Sara Arnold for her copyediting, Tom Beckham for his work designing this guide, and Will Okun for supporting us in many aspects of this project, including graciously permitting us to use his photography throughout the guide. TABLE OF CONTENTS

Film synopsis ...... 1

Rationale ...... 2

Suggestions for using this study guide ...... 6

Introducing Reporter ...... 8 Pre-Viewing Reading 1: Letter to Students from Nicholas Kristof ...... 8 Pre-Viewing Reading 2: Leana Wen’s Winning Essay ...... 9 Pre-Viewing Reading 3: Will Okun’s Winning Essay ...... 10

Viewing Guide for Reporter ...... 11 Pre-Viewing Questions ...... 11 Viewing Questions ...... 11 Post-Viewing Questions ...... 13

Investigation One: Why don’t people act? Confronting psychic numbing ...... 15 Reading 1: “Save the Darfur Puppy” ...... 17 Reading 2: Psychic Numbing and Genocide ...... 19

Investigation Two: Should reporters advocate? Exploring the role of journalists ...... 23 Reading 3: “A Student, a Teacher and a Glimpse of War” ...... 25 Reading 4: On the Media ...... 27

Investigation Three: What do we learn from the news? How reporters’ choices shape our understanding of the world ...... 32 Reading 5: “Dinner with a Warlord” ...... 35 Reading 6: “Killing in the Name of God” ...... 36 Reading 7: “Fear” ...... 37 Reading 8: “3-Way Battles Again Jolt Eastern Congo” ...... 39 Reading 9: Images of Congo ...... 40

Investigation Four: What can we do to help? Education and action ...... 45 Reading 10:“What Can We Do to Help?“ ...... 46

Web Resources for Reporter ...... 50 Darfur Courtesy of Peace Corps World Wise Schools. Courtesy of Peace Corps World The documentary Reporter follows columnist Nicholas Kristof on a reporting trip to Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The DRC, formerly Zaire, is often referred to as Congo, and should not confused with the Republic of Congo, its neighbor to the west. The film also makes references to Kristof’s work in Darfur, a western region in Sudan. Reporter: film synopsis

Directed, edited, and photographed by Eric Daniel Metzgar Produced by Mikaela Beardsley and Steven Cantor Executive Producer: Ben Affleck Running time: 90 minutes

Reporter is a feature documentary about Nicholas Kristof, a two-time Pulitzer Prize–winning columnist for the New York Times. In the summer of 2007, Kristof traveled to the Democratic Republic of Congo to shine his light into the darkest pockets of conflict and poverty. Congo is a country in the midst of a humanitarian crisis. To date, 5.4 million people have been killed in Congo over the last decade. Kristof’s charge is to put Congo on the international agenda. To help attract a broader audience, Kristof invited a college student and a teacher—winners of the 2007 “Win a Trip with Nick” contest—to join him on this reporting trip to central Africa.

Reporter gives us access to the dilemmas Kristof confronts as a journalist who has an agenda: to get his audience to care and take action. Kristof knows that statistics deaden his readers’ interest and compassion. To get the world to care, he goes in search of individuals whose stories will reflect the country’s desperate crisis, including a dying woman, a rebel militia leader, and a child soldier. ). www.wjzo.com Courtesy of Will Okun ( From left to right: photographer and teacher Will Okun, medical student Leana Wen, New York Times columnist Nick Kristof, and filmmaker Eric Daniel Metzgar.

film synopsis Rationale

In the documentary Reporter, we follow New York Times columnist Nicholas Kristof as he works to get his readers to “care about what happens on the other side of the hill.” We see how he uses social science research and the tools of journalism to try to expand his readers’ universe of responsibility—the people whom they feel obligated to care for and protect. We watch him struggle with dilemmas: How can he inform people about the larger context of genocide and other humanitarian disasters without numbing his readers’ sense of compassion? As a print journalist, how can he adapt to the changing landscape of web-based media? What is the relationship between journalism and advocacy?

For more than thirty years, Facing History and Ourselves has asked the same questions that underlie Kristof’s work: Under what conditions do people care about others? When does that care translate into thoughtful action? What are the responsibilities of citizens to participate in their communities— local, national, and global? How can information be used and abused? By raising questions about the role of the reporter and the responsibility of the citizen, this documentary supports Facing History’s mission to encourage students, educators, and community members to reflect on the types of civic engagement required by a vibrant democracy. While Kristof uses the tools of journalism, Facing History uses the tools of history and the humani- ties to help students, educators, and community members understand the conditions that encourage us to act (or to stand by) in the face of injustice, hatred, and mass violence. The resources we publish and the professional development Facing History provides follow a sequence of study—what Facing History calls its scope and sequence—that helps us wrestle with questions of identity, membership, decision-making, justice, and civic participation.*

This documentary aligns with Facing History’s scope and sequence by contributing to the study of history. For example, when investigating examples of injustice, such as the Holocaust or apartheid-era South Africa, students often ask, “How could this have happened?” Watching Reporter provides us with tools we can use to confront this question, such as social science research explaining the “psychology of compassion.” By raising questions about the role of the media to intervene in stopping the genocide in Darfur or preventing violence against women in the Democratic Republic of Congo**, Reporter

* To learn more about Facing History’s approach, refer to the preface and introduction in the resource book Facing History and Ourselves: Holocaust and Human Behavior (http://www.facinghistory.org/resources/hhb).

** The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), formerly Zaire, is often referred to as Congo by Nicholas Kristof and by other characters in Reporter. To maintain consistency, in this guide we also refer to the DRC as Congo. To avoid confusing the DRC with the Republic of Congo, its neighbor to the west, we suggest reviewing a map of Africa, such as the one at the beginning of this guide, which clearly differentiates between these two nations.

TEACHING REPORTER invites us to consider the role of the press during times throughout history when human rights have been abused.

Reporter also contributes to the final stage of Facing History’s scope and sequence—“choosing to participate”—which focuses on stories of individuals and groups who have tried to make a positive impact on society. By studying these examples, we begin to answer the question, “What factors encourage us to take a stand on behalf of ourselves and others?” Investigation One of this study guide explores how Kristof confronts this question in Reporter as he struggles to get his readers to care about the genocide in Darfur and the humanitarian crisis in Congo.*

Is it the role of the reporter to inspire people to care? Should journalists try to guide their readers toward particular actions? Or is the reporter’s job limited to providing accurate information? Investi- gation Two examines these questions. Kristof believes in the power of journalism to galvanize people to solve the world’s problems. For example, he has worked tirelessly to bring attention to the genocide in Darfur. In Reporter, we hear actress and activist Mia Farrow** explain, “It was Nick [who] sounded the clarion call. That there was a genocide unfolding in a place called Darfur. . . . It was through reading Nick’s columns that I [gained] knowledge of a situation in a place I never heard of.” Samantha Power, author of A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide, describes Kristof’s efforts as “relentless”:

He would find a hundred different angles into the same subject, but the central message was consistent and, in its own way, repetitive. Genocide is happening and you’re not doing enough to stop it. Moreover, you have the power to stop it, and that makes you doubly responsible.1

For his work writing about the genocide in Darfur, Kristof was awarded a Pulitzer Prize. While much of his work focuses on problems facing people in Asia and Africa, in his column he also draws attention to domestic issues, including heath care, poverty, and education. Most recently, Kristof and his wife, journalist Sheryl WuDunn, wrote a book about the plight of women around the world called Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide.† According to Kristof, they wrote Half the Sky “not so much to inform people as because we wanted to shake people up and help address these issues.”2

Nicholas Kristof follows a long line of journalists who have used their role to advocate for action and change. For decades, Ida B. Wells†† used journalism “as a weapon against racial bigotry.”3 While

* Decades before Kristof’s outrage over the international community’s inability to stop the genocide in Darfur, Raphael Lemkin expressed outrage over the world’s response, or lack thereof, to the Armenian genocide during World War I. Lemkin’s frustration led him to coin the term “genocide.” For more information about the meaning of genocide and Lemkin’s struggle to have this concept recognized in international law, refer to our study guide Totally Unofficial: Raphael Lemkin and the Genocide Convention (http://www.facinghistory.org/resources/publications/lemkin).

** Mia Farrow has been a United Nations Goodwill Ambassador since 2000. In 2008, Time magazine named her one of the most influential people in the world, highlighting her work to end the genocide in Darfur.

† The website http://www.halftheskymovement.org, a companion to the book Half the Sky, provides information about women around the world and what can be done to improve their situations for the benefit of all.

†† Chapter 2, “The Promise of American Democracy,” in the first edition of Facing History and Ourselves: Choosing to Participate (http://www.facinghistory.org/resources/publications/facing-history-choosing-participate) includes a case study on Ida B. Wells.

rationale best known for her articles exposing the injustices of lynching, she also wrote against Jim Crow segregation and in support of women’s suffrage. During World War I, journalists’ accounts of the mass murder of Armenians rallied the public to pressure their governments to intervene and stop the abuses. Americans reacted to these reports of suffering Armenians with one of the largest humanitarian responses in the history of the United States.4 Throughout the civil rights movement, some journalists recognized the role that the press had in furthering the cause against racial dis- crimination and even risked their lives to report on the civil rights struggle.5

During the civil rights movement, “the press” meant newspapers, magazines, and television. In the Internet age, the media world is far more complicated. Kristof and others refer to this changing media landscape throughout Reporter. For anyone with a cell phone or a computer, technology presents excit- ing opportunities to disseminate their ideas to a public audience. As a result, never before have we had as much access to information from so many sources. Acknowledging that we are living in the “most informed of times,” scholar Vartan Gregorian* wonders, “How can all of this knowledge add up to real understanding?”6 Today, comprehending the words on the page or in a broadcast is no longer sufficient; we need to be able interpret media with regard to the purpose and perspective of its creators. Investigation Three of this study guide includes six different accounts of Congo published around the same time. Comparing these texts gives us the opportunity to practice the media literacy skills that Professor Pat Aufderheide says are “a basic tool for citizenship in an Information Society.”7

“The people must know before they can act. . .” – Ida B. Wells

Ultimately, the consequences of reporting are decided not by the journalists but by the audience. Ida B. Wells wrote hundreds of articles about lynching, but this dreadful practice continued well beyond her death. Kristof wrote dozens of columns about Darfur, yet over a million Darfuris are living in refugee camps, unable to return to their homes. Why is this? Eric Metzgar, the director of Reporter, provides one answer: “Nick won his second Pulitzer Prize for helping to put the Darfur crisis on the international radar. But the violence continues because it’s not enough for the public to simply know about a calamity; we have to care.”8 And for change to take place, we also have to act based on that caring.

But is it the reporter’s role to tell us how to act? No, it is not, according to Metzgar. He argues:

In terms of human rights issues, I don’t believe in this kind of obedient action-taking, if you will. . . . If you need to be told what to do, I don’t think that that equals the sustained compassion that is required for us to really take on these issues. You know, if you really want to know what to do, [it] takes five seconds to put “Congo crisis help” into a Google search engine and then you’re off. There are a million things you can do. If I tell you one thing that I would do, that directs everyone down one path. You know, you have to figure out what moves you the most and take your own path.9

* Vartan Gregorian has spent his life advancing the use of knowledge for human progress and public service. Prior to assuming his current role as president of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, he worked in universities around the country as a professor, dean, provost, and president. He was also president of the New York Public Library.

TEACHING REPORTER Once you have identified what “moves you the most,” what can you do to help? In particular, how can media—new and old—be used as a tool to prevent injustice and violence, and also as a tool to encourage people to respond when children, women, and men are suffering? This is the question explored in Investigation Four of this study guide.

Watching Reporter and using the materials in this study guide encourage us to consider how the changing landscape of journalism expands and complicates our role as creators and consumers of the news. We live in a time when technology gives each of us the opportunity to serve as reporter. What opportunities and challenges does the “democratization of media” present? How will our choices as consumers of media shape our understanding of the world? How will our choices as creators of media shape our communities, near and far?

1. Reporter, (00:12:25).

2. Kristi Heim, “Half the Sky: Q&A with Nicholas Kristof,” The Seattle Times, October 9, 2009, http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/ html/thebusinessofgiving/2010032989_questions_for_nicholas_kristof.html.

3. Pamela Newkirk, “Ida B. Wells-Barnett: Journalism as a Weapon Against Racial Bigotry,” Media Studies Journal 14 (Spring/ Summer 2000), accessed August 13, 2010, http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/317.html.

4. Facing History and Ourselves, Crime Against Humanity: The Genocide of the Armenians (Brookline, MA: Facing History and Ourselves National Foundation, Inc., 2004), 134–141.

5. Jack Nelson, “The Civil Rights Movement: A Press Perspective,” Human Rights Magazine (Fall 2001), http://www.abanet.org/irr/hr/ fall01/nelson.html.

6. Vartan Gregorian, foreword in Public Scholarship: A New Perspective for the 21st Century, a report by the Carnegie Corporation of New York (2004), 5.

7. “Media Literacy Definitions & Quotes,” http://www.frankwbaker.com/Media_Lit_Quotes.html.

8. “Transcript: Caring About Congo,” NOW on PBS, February 12, 2010, http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/607/transcript.html.

9. Ibid.

rationale Suggestions for using this study guide

This study guide has been designed to be used with the documentary Reporter, produced by Stick Fig- ure Productions. There are many ways to engage with the film and the materials in this study guide. Some teachers will show the entire 90-minute documentary and have students explore one or more of the investigations included in this guide. Other classrooms might watch an excerpt from Reporter and focus on one or two questions from the Viewing Guide. Regardless of how students explore these materials, we recommend following a similar path:

1. Prepare students to view Reporter: Before viewing all or part of Reporter, prepare students for the ideas and themes they are about to explore. You might have students write about and/or discuss one of the Pre-Viewing Questions in the Viewing Guide. Or, to help students think about the purpose for making (and watching) Reporter, you could have them read the letter from Nicholas Kristof or excepts from Leana Wen and Will Okun’s “Win a Trip with Nick” winning essays (see pages 9–10). On page 50, we have included links to resources that describe the humanitarian conflicts referred to in the film— civil war in Congo and the genocide in Darfur. Prior to watching Reporter, reviewing the background for these conflicts can increase students’ engagement and comprehension of this material. Additional pre-viewing lesson ideas can be found on our Reporter website (reporter.facinghistory.org).

2. View all or part of Reporter: While watching the film, we suggest pausing at key moments to clarify understanding and to give students the opportunity to respond in writing or discussion to what they have viewed. For ideas on when you might stop the film, consult the Viewing Guide. It includes time codes for suggested pause moments related to specific questions about themes raised in this film. If you only have time to show a part of Reporter, reviewing the investigation overviews can help you select film excerpts that address themes and questions most appropriate for your learning objectives.

3. Reflect on questions and ideas raised in Reporter: Listening to students’ reactions—noting their interests, questions, and misconceptions—will inform your decisions about how to debrief after their viewing of Reporter. Exploring one or more of the investigations is a useful post-viewing exercise. The lesson ideas on the Reporter website (reporter.facinghistory.org) suggest different ways to use the readings in the investigations to deepen students’ understanding of the ideas addressed in the film. The lesson ideas also recommend projects and assignments that can be used to evaluate students’ learning.

TEACHING REPORTER Educational resources in the study guide

@ Pre-Viewing Readings: To prepare students to view all or part of Reporter, we have included three readings that introduce students to the main characters in the documentary: Nicholas Kristof, Leana Wen, and Will Okun. Their writings foreshadow many of the important themes and questions raised by the film. @ Viewing Guide: The Viewing Guide includes Pre-Viewing Questions, Viewing Questions, and Post-Viewing Questions. These questions explore the film’s specific content as it relates to universal themes such as empathy, social responsibility, and perspective-taking. They can be used to facilitate large- and small-group discussions, prompt reflective writing, develop projects, and evaluate student understanding. Questions are labeled with time codes from the film to allow you to select specific moments on which to focus. @ Investigations: To deepen students’ understanding of key themes in the film, ten supplemen- tary readings have been included in this study guide. Readings are organized into four investigations that correspond to specific excerpts and themes from the film. (Refer to the table of contents for a list of readings by investigation.) Each investigation includes the following parts: • Overviews: Overviews frame the readings and explain how they connect to an excerpt of the film. • Readings: Many of the readings included in the study guide—editorials, blog entries, and photographs—were created by Nicholas Kristof, Leana Wen, and Will Okun while they were on the trip that is the subject of this documentary. We have also identified additional readings, such as an excerpt from Paul Slovic’s study on psychic numbing, to give students an opportunity to further explore ideas presented in Reporter. We strongly recommend that you preview readings to judge if the content and reading level are appropriate for your students. Acknowledging that some readings may be challenging for students, on our website we have posted teaching strategies aimed at helping students comprehend and interpret challenging text (www.facinghistory.org/teachingstrategies). • Connections: After the readings, you will find a collection of questions selected to help clarify and deepen students’ understanding of themes raised in each investigation. They bring up points of view that are not represented in the readings and provide opportunities for students to connect the ideas in the texts to their own experiences. Teachers often select one or two questions as the focus for class discussion, journal writing, or an assessment activity. Sometimes teachers allow students to write about or discuss the question most interesting to them. @ Web Resources for Reporter: We have identified helpful online resources that provide background on events in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Darfur. We also suggest websites that provide information about Nicholas Kristof, journalism, and writing a news story. As a pre-viewing resource, information from these links provides students with context to help them understand the material in the film. As a post-viewing resource, information from these sites can help students continue their exploration of questions and themes raised in the film.

In addition to these resources, Facing History has developed a website, reporter.facinghistory.org, that includes streaming video, lesson ideas, and other educational materials for Reporter.

SUGGESTIONS FOR USING THIS STUDY GUIDE Introducing Reporter: Pre-Viewing Readings

The following readings help prepare students to watch Reporter and explore the materials in this study guide.

Pre-Viewing Reading 1: Letter to Students from Nicholas Kristof

The film Reporter follows New York Times columnist Nicholas Kristof on a reporting trip to central Africa. Facing History asked Kristof what he hoped students would learn from watching Reporter, and he responded with the following letter. What message do you take away from this letter? What does this note reveal about Kristof’s goals as a journalist? How would you respond to him?

Dear student,

Watching Reporter and reading materials from its study guide, you probably won’t want to come to dinner with me—at least not if a warlord is joining us. But I hope you’ll be nour- ished, if not by a meal together, at least by the ideas in here. Frankly, these are tough issues for high-school students, or for people of any age, and some readers might think that they are more appropriate only for university students. War, genocide and rape are evils we naturally turn away from. But I hope you will not

only recognize the horrors of these conflicts, but also . appreciate that they are not inevitable. We can make a difference, we can chip away at these kinds of out- rages, and we can as a result make this a somewhat www.wjzo.com) better world. And since these brutalities are happening to kids your age, and those much younger—often by perpetrators who are also your age or younger—it’s hard to argue that they are irrelevant to your age group.

So welcome to this journey, and I invite you to feel not Courtesy of Will Okun ( only outrage but also a sense that you can give voice Nicholas Kristof, two-time Pulitzer Prize winner and New York Times columnist to the voiceless. since 2001, has written extensively about human rights abuses across the world, Nicholas Kristof from Darfur to Indonesia.

TEACHING REPORTER “Win a Trip With Nick” Winning Essays (April 29, 2007)

In 2007, New York Times columnist Nicholas Kristof invited teachers and college students to apply to “Win a Trip with Nick.” Medical student Leana Wen and Chicago teacher Will Okun wrote the winning essays that gave them the opportunity to join Kristof on a reporting trip to central Africa that summer. Reporter tells the story of their trip. Below, we have included excerpts from Wen and Okun’s winning essays. What do these texts reveal about the winners’ reasons for taking this trip? Why do you think Kristof asked a teacher and a college student to join him?

Pre-Viewing Reading 2: Leana Wen’s Winning Essay1 (excerpt)

If we just looked for them, we can find injustices everywhere. Hurricane Katrina exposed Americans to abject poverty and health disparities right in our backyard. Many

more injustices exist “over there,” in developing nations, ). that result in millions of preventable deaths and lifetimes of wasted talent and squandered opportunity. I want to fight

these injustices and change the world. www.wjzo.com My upbringing exposed me to injustices firsthand. Raised in a dissident family in China, I came to the US on political asylum after the Tiananmen Square massacre. We were

outsiders in a Communist regime and remained outsiders in Courtesy of Will Okun ( predominantly Mormon Utah and then inner-city Los Angeles. Since graduating from medical school, Leana Wen has prac- Though Shanghai, Logan, and Compton have little else in ticed emergency medicine in the common, they all bear witness to the differences between United States and traveled around the world speaking about global the haves and have-nots, and I grew up keenly aware of the health issues. impact of political, cultural, and socioeconomic oppression. As a child with life-threatening asthma and debilitating speech impediment, I also confronted the stigma of disability and the challenges of seeking health care with limited resources.

Yet the mechanisms to address injustices eluded me. I thought that becoming a doctor would allow me to help those most in need; however, I witnessed more problems than found solutions that had sustainable rather than short-term impact. . . . Pills might help the individual patients at that point in their lives, but [that] does not resolve the root causes of their problems.

Global change requires more than pills and individual-level change: it hinges on concerted education and mobilization. . . . It is to learn communication to the public as a method of effecting change that I apply for this opportunity. . . . Treating a patient’s problems and moving on to the next ailment is not enough, and I want instead to convey my patients’ stories and describe their communities’ struggles. I want to solve global problems by educating and motivating the public to action. I want to learn these tools from you.

INTRODUCING REPORTER Pre-Viewing Reading 3: Will Okun’s Winning Essay2 (excerpt)

Nearly every day after school, I go to students’

houses to shoot photographs of the students ). with their families and friends. Since our school, Westside Alternative High School,

is located in one of the lowest-income com- www.wjzo.com munities of Chicago, there is ample opportunity to photograph the poverty which seemingly envelops their lives. . . . But I do not take these pictures. These pictures have Courtesy of Will Okun ( already been taken. Book after book, exhibit Will Okun taught English and photography for nine upon exhibit depict only the poverty and years at Westside Alternative High School in Chicago. His photography website, www.wjzo.com, features misery of the current black community in portraits of his former students and their families, America. Unless you happen to live or work as well as images from his trip to central Africa with in a black community, it is likely that blacks Nicholas Kristof. are perceived by the majority of America as either extremely poor and sad (from the media and photographs) or extremely materialistic and “gangsta” (from rap music and videos).

Instead, I seek to capture the happiness and joy that can occur in everyday moments and the beauty that exists within every person, regardless of their income. Most importantly, I try to produce unique portraits that capture the essence of each person. Secondly, I want the people to be happy with their own photographs. Nothing gives me greater satisfaction than going into a student’s house and seeing my framed pictures on the walls. Lastly, I hope my photographs offer another perspective of black American teenagers that is largely inaccessible to the general public. (My photographs are posted on my www.wjzo.com website, which receives over 30,000 views a week from all over the world.)

This is the perspective I will bring to Africa with Nick Kristof. While America is only presented with images representative of Africa’s poverty and misery, I will seek stories and photographs that will offer our young people a more comprehensive depiction of African people and culture. I hope my photographs and stories will present young Africans with an opportunity to educate, communicate with, and relate to young Americans. In addition, I hope to produce photographs and stories that will emote pleasure and pride from the Africans themselves.

1. Leana Wen, “Winning Essay: Leana Wen,” New York Times, April 29, 2007, accessed September 19, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/29/opinion/29wat-wen.html.

2. Will Okun, “Winning Essay: Will Okun,” New York Times, April 29, 2007, accessed September 19, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/29/opinion/29wat-okun.html.

10 TEACHING REPORTER Viewing Guide for Reporter

The following questions can be used to facilitate large- and small-group discussions, prompt reflective writing, develop projects, and evaluate student understanding. They are meant to complement, not replace, the questions raised by students themselves. Also, keep in mind that after exposure to new material, the best questions are often the simplest: What have you just seen? What ideas strike you as important or interesting? What questions does this material raise for you? What perspectives were represented? Which perspectives were left out or de-emphasized?

Pre-Viewing Questions

1. Mother Teresa, a nun famous for her work helping the poor, said, “If I look at the mass, I will never act. If I look at the one, I will.” What do you think Mother Teresa meant by this statement? Do you agree or disagree with her? Explain.

2. What is “the news”? Describe your habits related to the news. Where do you get the news? How often do you read, watch, or listen to the news? What stories interest you the most? Identify a news story you heard recently that got your attention. What about this story engaged you?

3. Write a job description for a reporter. What is a reporter’s job? What skills are required to do this job well?

4. If you wanted to get people to care about an issue facing your community, how would you get them to care? What information would be most likely to motivate people to do something to address this issue?

5. What do you know about the Democratic Republic of Congo? How or where did you learn this information? What do you know about Darfur? How or where did you learn this information?

Viewing Questions

(Time codes indicate where you might pause the film to reflect on the question in writing or through discussion.)

1. Who is Nicholas Kristof? What do we know about him? (6:30)

2. Journalism expert Tom Rosenstiel believes that travel is important to Kristof’s work as a reporter, explaining, “I think that bearing witness is a critical element of what makes some columns better than others, and there are certain kinds of stories that need to have witness borne in person. It just is more powerful to go there.” What does it mean to “bear witness”? What responsibilities come with bearing witness to an event or situation? (7:16)

VIEWING GUIDE 11 3. Stephen Colbert asks Kristof, “Why should we pay attention to the rest of the world?” How would you respond to this question? (14:03)

4. Describe the results of the Rokia study. What did Paul Slovic learn about the “psychology of compassion” from this study? To what degree do these results represent your own experience? (16:31)

5. In the film, Kristof says, “I’m outraged at what I see and I want it to stop, and I think one way you can fight a militia is with UN peacekeepers with large guns. Another way you can fight them is with small notebooks and pens.” Respond to Kristof’s statement. To what extent can a journalist help stop civil war and prevent human rights abuses, if at all? (22:40)

6. Describing his dilemma about whether or not to travel to a displacement camp outside of Goma, Kristof explains, “I want to get a good story but I don’t want to put them [Leana and Will] at risk or make them feel uncomfortable.” What are the risks involved in this mission? What advice would you give to Kristof as he decides whether to go or turn back? What do you think he will decide to do? What makes you think this? (30:54)

7. Kristof reveals that most of the time when he hears stories of rape and abuse, they don’t really bother him because he approaches these stories with “professional distance.” How do you recon- cile (make sense of) Kristof’s desire to rouse compassion in his readers and his own dispassionate (unemotional) reaction to these stories? Is compassion something that can be turned on and off like a switch? If so, what activates our sense of empathy? What turns it off? (36:25)

8. What is the difference between the way Leana Wen responds to Yohanita and the way Nicholas Kristof responds? Given that their purpose for being in this village is to find a story, do you think that the team of journalists should stop their reporting to try to save Yohanita? Why or why not? (55:14)

9. How does General Nkunda explain how he came to have his position as leader of a rebel militia? He calls himself a “liberator,” while Kristof refers to him as a “warlord.” Which title is most appropriate for him? What does this exchange reveal about the power of language? (1:13:27)

10. What are your thoughts after seeing Kristof interview child soldiers? What did the child soldiers do to end up as Nkunda’s prisoners? If they are guilty of committing crimes, should they be punished for their actions even though they are under the age of 18? Should we think of the actions of child soldiers the same way we think about the actions of adult soldiers? Why or why not? (1:15:56)

11. At the end of the film, the narrator says, “The most recent statistic states that 5.4 million people have died in Congo over the last decade as a result of the ongoing warfare, and that 1.2 million people are now displaced in eastern Congo alone.” What does Kristof think needs to happen to end the humanitarian disaster in Congo? Who do you think is responsible for helping the Congolese? (1:28:15)

12 TEACHING REPORTER Post-Viewing Questions

1. Identify an image from the film that was particularly powerful for you. What about this image moved you? How did it make you feel? What questions does it raise for you?

2. Why do you think the filmmakers made this film? What message (or messages) are they trying to express? What do you notice about how the filmmakers shot the film? What techniques did they use to help communicate their message? What might you have done differently if you were the filmmaker?

3. Why do you think Kristof wanted to bring a college student and a teacher with him on a reporting trip to central Africa? Why bring a student and a teacher, as opposed to anyone in the general public? What do you think of this decision? Would you want to travel with Kristof on a reporting trip? Why or why not?

4. Kristof argues that the media does not pay enough attention to the problems in Congo and other places around the world. Yet some people criticize him for only covering stories that involve human misery (wars, disease, extreme poverty, etc.). What do you think of this critique of Kristof’s writing? Is his coverage unfair to Congo? Why or why not?

5. Kristof assumes that it is important for people to know about what is happening “on the other side of the hill.” Yet most of us only have a limited amount of time to read or watch the news. Where do you think our attention should be focused—on learning about places close to home or far away, or both? Explain your answer.

6. Nicholas Kristof is a columnist whose articles appear on an editorial page. His articles do not appear in the news section of the paper. Does this distinction matter? Why or why not?

7. Identify a challenge or dilemma Kristof confronts when writing his column. What do you think about how he handles this situation?

8. Describe Kristof’s method for writing his column. What do you think of his writing method? What aspects of it appeal to you? What aspects of it concern you? What tips about reporting do you take away from watching Reporter?

9. Kristof explains, “I spent a lot of time trying to put various crises on the international map. Maybe the most difficult to put there is Congo.” What has made it so hard to bring attention to the devasta- tion in Congo? What does this reveal about the way that news is reported and published? Would you suggest any changes to the criteria that get a story on the front page? If so, what would they be?

10. Kristof hopes that his writing galvanizes people to do something to make the world a better place. Has reading a newspaper article or editorial ever roused you to take action? If so, why do you think this article affected you? If not, why do you think this is the case? What has inspired you to care about others?

VIEWING GUIDE 13 11. When you feel an obligation to care for and protect someone, you include that person in your universe of responsibility. Who does Kristof include in his universe of responsibility? What do you know about Kristof’s identity—his values, background, and experiences—that might have influenced how he defines his universe of responsibility? Who do you include in your universe of responsibility? What has influenced your choices about whom to include?

14 TEACHING REPORTER Investigation One Why don’t people act? Confronting psychic numbing

The readings in this investigation have been selected to deepen our understanding of ideas presented in chapters 3 and 4 (12:05–19:56) of the documentary Reporter (approximately 8 minutes). In this clip, Stephen Colbert asks his guest on The Colbert Report, Nicholas Kristof, “Why should we pay attention to the rest of the world?” Kristof answers this question by referring to social science research about “the psychology of compassion” and explains how he applies this knowledge when writing about the genocide in Darfur.

Overview

According to the International Association of Genocide Scholars, in the twentieth century more people have died from genocide and mass murder than from all wars.1 After each atrocity, men and women in the international community cry “Never again,” but human rights abuses against innocent children, women, and men continue. In his job as a reporter for the New York Times, Nicholas Kristof has been able to see these human rights abuses firsthand, winning a Pulitzer Prize for bringing attention to the genocide in Darfur. Yet despite the attention Kristof and others have drawn to this humanitarian disaster, the violence continues. Why is this the case?

Looking to history can help us address this question. In the 1940s, Jan Karski, a courier for the Pol- ish resistance, publicized reports about Nazi atrocities to a mostly unbelieving audience. After the war, he spoke of his attempts to alert people to the mass murder of European Jews, explaining, “The tragedy was that these testimonies were not believed. Not because of ill will, but simply because the facts were beyond human imagination.”2 During the Holocaust, many people did not intervene to stop the genocide because they were not able to “imagine the unimaginable.” As Professor Larry Langer argues, “Even with the evidence before our eyes, we hesitate to accept the worst.”*

In his editorial “Save the Darfur Puppy,” Kristof provides another reason why many people do not respond when confronted with information about genocide or humanitarian disasters. Drawing on the work of Paul Slovic, a professor who studies the psychology of compassion, Kristof explains that “the human conscience just isn’t pricked by mass suffering, while an individual child (or puppy) in distress causes our hearts to flutter.”3 He refers to studies that demonstrate how people are more likely to help one person, or even one animal, than they are to help hundreds of suffering people. This investigation includes that editorial as well as an excerpt from the abstract** of Slovic’s study on psychic numbing and genocide.

* The reading “Is Knowledge Enough?” (pages 367–370) in Facing History and Ourselves: Holocaust and Human Behavior provides more information about why people may have ignored or discounted information about Nazi atrocities during the Holocaust.

** An abstract is a brief summary that highlights the main points of an academic study.

WHY DON’T PEOPLE ACT? 15 Both of these readings help us think about a concept called “psychic numbing.” Psychiatrist Robert J. Lifton* coined this term to refer to “a general category of diminished capacity or inclination to feel.”4 Writing about the “numbing of everyday life,” he explains, “We are bombarded by all kinds of images and influences and we have to fend some of them off if we’re to take in any of them, or to carry through just our ordinary day’s work. . . .”5 In her book High Tide in Tucson, novelist Barbara Kingsolver affirms Lifton’s observation that people numb themselves to disturbing information:

Confronted with knowledge of dozens of apparently random disasters each day, what can a human heart do but slam its doors? No mortal can grieve that much. We didn’t evolve to cope with tragedy on a global scale. Our defense is to pretend there’s no thread of event that connects us, and that those lives are somehow not precious and real like our own. It’s a practical strategy, to some ends, but the loss of empathy is also the loss of humanity, and that’s no small tradeoff.6

Kingsolver writes about how the loss of empathy is also the loss of humanity: by closing themselves off to caring for others, people can allow horrible crimes to occur.

“It is possible to live in a twilight between knowing and not knowing. It is possible to refuse full realization of facts because one feels unable to face the implications of these facts.” 7 – W. A. Visser’t Hooft, a Dutch theologian, explaining why he and many others discounted early accounts of Nazi crimes

While acknowledging the costs of psychic numbing, Lifton also identifies a benefit: sometimes numbing allows you to perform a task that would be challenging if you were distracted by strong emotions. He explains:

And yet, [psychic numbing] isn’t all negative. For instance, I realize that if you take the example of a surgeon who is performing a delicate operation, you don’t want him or her to have the same emotions as a family member of that person being operated on. There has to be some level of detachment where you bring your technical skill to bear on it.8

Supporting Lifton’s argument, Kristof reveals how he experiences a degree of psychic numbing in his own work as a journalist:

In a career [of] reporting I heard a lot of really wrenching stories about murder and rape and everything else, and at this point, and see I’m not really proud of it, I may be a little embarrassed about it, [but] I can listen pretty dispassionately to the most inhuman stories. And they, most of the time, don’t, you know, really bother me. Maybe it’s that sort of clinical role of a—of a surgeon somewhere in [an] operating theater, but I can, you know, approach things normally as a journalist and treat it with a certain amount of professional distance.9

* Lifton found evidence of psychic numbing in the survivors of the atomic bomb at Hiroshima and in Nazi doctors who performed inhumane experiments on concentration camp prisoners.

16 TEACHING REPORTER Nxxx,2007-05-10,A,033,Bs-BW,E1

THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED THURSDAY, MAY 10, 2007 N A33 A Player Who Never Found His Stage ATUL GAWANDE

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They have led to the cidentFor rates Tony reminding Blair, us of the 19th the wider world as an acolyte of the Alas, his disregard for truth — in- AndAnd thethe truthtruth isis itit could.could. beby ungenerous people in Britain in recognizing at large. it. That liveredpeace in process. quite different They have accents, led to as the Lesscident rates reminding Green us of the 19th likelyatthe widersuccessor, the world Gordon as anFarmers’ acolyteBrown, ofthe the heto got Alas,which involved his his disregardMarket wife in thebelongs calamityfor truth and which— be- in- writinganother this, truth for instance, as well: as the I sit vast with ma- fall through; avoiding disastrous words could mean anything you Japanese control, is the bubbling ThereThere are are two two causes causes of of human human is peaceButThereBut thethein is,Ireland. hatredhatred however, was wasBoth one onlyonly sides good partpart in legacy oftheof thethe AliceAlice in in Wonderland Wonderland situation situation we we centurycentury and and true true literacy literacy levels levels UnitedUnited States.States. HeHe quicklyquickly discovereddiscovered deeddeed itit seemsseems veryvery unlikelyunlikely hehe eveneven myjority 11-year-old who have son decent waiting coverage for an are cost overruns. thoughliked. he Most was of more his sentences than one person, would be chancellorcenter of of the British Exchequer. wealth, and has cause,it is rumored once again, he wishes he is superficial,to join.) fallibilityfallibility — — ignorance ignorance andand ineptitudeineptitude Northernreason.hereason. bequeaths Irish Another Another dispute us, andwas was hate we the the the should phenom- phenom- Eng- not nownow have, have, in in which which the the government government muchpeacemuch lowerlower in thanthan Ireland thosethose ofof thethe Victori-Victori-is thatthat Europe Europe was was too too amorphous amorphous for for quitequite knowsknows whatwhat truthtruth isis inin thisthis casecase M.R.I.kethappy Promotion to with check the the Programcare cardiac we get and repair — Com- I am Health systems are nearly as com- whichuntranslatable. in a way he is. They were even de- Tonothing make to an do impact with Mr.— and Blair there or is his decentIraq and has brave. been Thea fiasco, superficiality but I think —— and and health health system system change change is is at at lish,enonbeenon andungenerous of ofboth language. language. have in goodrecognizing The The reason Ireland Ireland it.to Thatdo of of ofof NorthernNorthernBy Corby IrelandIreland Kummer hashas beenbeen placedplaced ans.ans. AsAsFor manymany Tony asas one-quarterone-quarter Blair, ofof Brit-Brit- himhim to to stand stand out out beside beside the the bigger bigger —— ledled himhim toto thinkthink itit diddid notnot mattermatter thatmunitywriting has saved this, Food for his Projects. instance, life for These aas decade. I sit could with plex as the body itself. They involve Thislivered multifaceted in quite different quality wasaccents, very as nolikely doubt successor, that Mr. Gordon Blair wanted Brown, to the madehe got him involved think it in would the calamitybe a quick be- riskrisk ofof both.both. WeWe couldcould errerr fromfrom igno-igno- so.JamesisJames This peace hatred Joyce,Joyce, in Ireland. was SamuelSamuel a substantial Both Beckett,Beckett, sides rea-OscarOscarin the inin thethe handshands ofof twotwo swornsworn enemiesenemies —— ishishtoo parentsparents little, nownow paypay too forfor ruinouslylate.ruinously ex-ex- players,players, especially especially beside beside the the presi- presi- whatwhat reason reason he he gave gave for for sending sending in in Somy most 11-year-old have resisted son waiting large-scale for an hospital care, mental health care, usefulthough in he Ireland. was more He isthan a naturallyone person, makechancellor an impact of the as Exchequer. prime minister andcause, easy onceoperation, again, like he the is superficial,military equiprance,rance, farmers because because with we we havecard have readers, never never done done an sonWilde,NorthernWilde, successive IanIan Irish PaisleyPaisley British dispute andand primeGerryhateGerry the AdamsAdams min- Eng- thethe extremeextreme ProtestantProtestant ministerminister IanIan pensivepensivepeace private private in Ireland education education for for is the the dentdent of of France, France, Jacques Jacques Chirac. Chirac. It It thethe troops.troops. YouYou havehave toto concedeconcede thatthat change,M.R.I. fearing to check that the it cardiac could make repair doctor visits, medications, ambu- pleasant,which in polite a way person.he is. And heB OSTON has — heTo could make play an impacton only —two and stages: there is actiondecent in 2000and brave.in Sierra The Leone, superficiality where essentialanythinganything first remotely remotely step, and as as finance ambitious ambitious other as as islish,is a a placeand place both where where have words words good reason bounce, bounce, to and and do PaisleyPaisley and and the the former former I.R.A. I.R.A. guer- guer- children.children. That That isis thethe measuremeasure ofof Mr.Mr. waswas inevitableinevitable thatthat hehe wouldwould emergeemerge hehe hashas beenbeen bravebrave inin hishis unwaveringunwavering somethat liveshas saved worse, his even life as for it a makes decade. lances, and everything else required isters, many of them doing their very courage.ThisN multifaceted Thesethe five qualities years quality since have was the been very last theno theater doubt of that Europe Mr. Blair as a member wanted to themade British him Army think nipped it would in and be out a quick to ingeniouschangingchanging out out projects a a system system to thatthat help now now small inin- flyfly and and sing, sing, often often meaning meaning several several rillarilla MartinMartin McGuinness.McGuinness. Blair’sBlair’stoo successsuccess little, withwith too thethe schools.schools. late. asas the the Odd Odd Man Man Out Out of of Europe, Europe, the the supportsupport forfor thethe war,war, butbut notnot soso bravebrave othersSo most better. have resisted large-scale to keep people alive and healthy. Ex- bestso. to This undo hatred the mistakes was a substantial of the past, rea- anuseful essentialfarm in Ireland. bill ingredient was Hepassed, inis athe naturallythe Irish num- is in a parlous state, with railway ac- of make the European an impact Union, as prime and that minister of removeand easy a rogue operation, warlord. like the military farmersvolvesvolves 16 16thrive. percent percent of of our our economy economy Nxxx,2007-05-10,A,033,Bs-BW,E1 InIn other other areas areas of of British British life, life, BeingBeing aa manman ofof quickquick thoughthough skin-skin- oneone whowho supportedsupported PresidentPresident BushBush inin asas thethe manymany peoplepeople whowho havehave dieddied asas Andchange, the truth fearing is it thatcould. it could make perts have offered half a dozen more gotson nowhere successive with the British Irish. prime min- peacepleasant, process.ber of polite farmers’ They person. have markets Andled to hein the this has cident rates reminding us of the 19th the— wider he could world play as onan only acolyte two ofstages: the Alas,action his in 2000disregard in Sierra for Leone,truth — where in- andandConcerned every every one one cooks of of our our (and lives. lives. everyone And And we we A.A. N. N. Wilson Wilson is is the the author, author, most most re- re- wherewhere you you might might have have expected expected a a deepdeep intelligence,intelligence, Mr.Mr. BlairBlair foundfound outout hishis MiddleMiddle EasternEastern adventures.adventures. aa resultresult ofof hishis andand PresidentPresident Bush’sBush’s Theresome lives are worse,two causes even ofas humanit makes rational ways to finance all this than Butisters, the many hatred of wasthem only doing part their of the very Alicecourage. incountry Wonderland These has qualities grown situation have to nearly we been century and true literacy levels Unitedthe theater States. ofHe Europe quickly asdiscovered a member deedthe itBritish seems Army very nippedunlikely in heand even out to else)couldcould should err err from fromurge ineptitude,increases ineptitude, for under- under- edu- cently,cently, ofof “Betjeman: “Betjeman: AA Life.”Life.” politicianpolitician of of Mr. Mr. Blair’s Blair’s apparent apparent veryvery quickly quickly that that there there are are in in fact fact SomeSome peoplepeople thinkthink hehe diddid soso outout ofof calamitouscalamitous mistake.mistake. ØØ fallibilityothers better. — ignorance and ineptitude the wretched one we have. But we reason.best to Anotherundo the wasmistakes the of phenom- the past, nowan have, essential4,500 in which from ingredient the2,750, government in gladdening the Irish muchis in lower a parlous than state, those withof the railway Victori- ac- thatof Europethe European was too Union, amorphous and that for of quiteremove knows a roguewhat truthwarlord. is in this case cationestimatingestimating programs thethe difficultiesdifficulties that tell people ofof eveneven how thethe THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED THURSDAY, MAY 10, 2007 N A33 — andAnd health the truth system is it could. change is at cannot change everything at once enongot nowhere of language. with the The Irish. Ireland of of peaceNorthernthe process. heartsIreland They of has foodies have been led whoplaced to like the ans.cident As many rates asreminding one-quarter us of of the Brit- 19th himthe to wider stand world out besideas an acolyte the bigger of the — ledAlas, him his to disregardthink it did for not truth matter — in- andmostmost where mundanemundane to use taskstasks food afterafter stamps. reformreform Only — — risk of both. We could err from igno- without causing harm. So we dawdle. JamesBut Joyce, the hatred Samuel was Beckett, only part Oscar of the inInothing Alicethe hands in better Wonderlandof two than sworn seeing enemies situation locally — we ishcentury parents now and pay true for literacyruinously levelsex- players,United especiallyStates. He besidequickly the discovered presi- whatdeed reason it seems he gavevery unlikely for sending he even in 56likelike Therepercent handlinghandling are of people all twoall thethe causes eligible confusedconfused of for human phonephone food rance, because we have never done We don’t need to, though. It is pos- Wilde,reason. Ian Paisley Another and was Gerry the Adams phenom- thegrownnow extreme have, Chioggia Protestant in which beets, the ministerbutter government radish- Ian pensivemuch lower private than education those of the for Victori- theATULdent GAWANDEthat of Europe France, was Jacques too amorphous Chirac. It for thequite troops. knows You what have truth to concede is in this that case stampscallsfallibilitycalls fromfrom get — those thosethem, ignorance whosewhose and andmost coveragecoverage ineptitude of those hashas anything remotely as ambitious as sible to alter our system surgically is enon a place of where language. words The bounce, Ireland and of Paisleyes,of Northern Early and Girl the Ireland former tomatoes, has I.R.A. been miniature guer-placed children.ans. As Thatmany is as the one-quarter measure of of Mr. Brit- washim inevitable to stand that out he beside would theemerge bigger he— has led been him brave to think in hisit did unwavering not matter changed;—changed; and health ensuring ensuring system that that change doctor’s doctor’s is ap- ap- at A Player Who Never Found His Stage changing out a system that now in- enough to minimize harm while still flyJames and sing, Joyce, often Samuel meaning Beckett, several Oscar rillapattypanin theMartin hands squash, McGuinness. of two chervil, sworn enemiesfresh goat — Blair’sish parents success now with pay the for schools. ruinously ex- asplayers, the Odd especially Man Out ofbeside Europe, the presi- the supportwhat reasonfor the war, he gave but not for so sending brave in pointmentsriskpointments of both. andWe and could prescriptions prescriptions err from don’tigno- don’t volvesrance, 16 because percent we of have our nevereconomy done channeling us onto a path out of our things Wilde, at once, sometimesIan Paisley meaning and Gerryélan and Adams ambition to makecheese a differ- logs andfewer duck and fewer breast areas in over a con- which pensivereligious conviction. private Maybe. education Com- for theCuringone who supported President Bush in fall through; avoiding disastrous LessInLessthe extreme other areas Protestant GreenGreen of British minister life, Ian atBeingat a thetheman of quick Farmers’Farmers’ though skin- dent of France, MarketMarket Jacques Chirac. It asthe the troops.many people You have who to have concede died asthat fall through; avoiding disastrous misery. By A. N. Wilson and every one of our lives. And we nothingA.is N.at aall.Wilson place Expecting where is the the various wordsauthor,ence, bounce, most he has re- madeand where no venientlyPaisley impact you what- and located mightBritish the formermarket.havepoliticians, expected I.R.A.perhaps guer-any a poli-deepchildren.mentators intelligence, make That much is Mr. ofthe Mr. Blair measureBlair’s found of out Mr. hiswas Middle inevitable Eastern that adventures. he would emerge a resulthe has of been his braveand President in his unwavering Bush’s costanythingcostWe overruns.overruns. remotelyhave asto ambitioushelp as parties in Northern Ireland to negoti- ever. One of his weirdest displays of ticians, have control in today’s religion, but it has never been an is- couldchanging err from out a ineptitude, system that under- now in- Option 1 is a Massachusetts-style ate cently,withfly such and ofsolidly “Betjeman: sing, Aristotelian often fig- meaningA Life.”oratory — several deliveredpolitician thisrilla timeSome Martinby Mr. of world. Mr.McGuinness.the best Blair’s customers apparent of veryBlair’ssue ofquickly public success importance that with there in the Britain, areschools. in fact Someas the people Odd Man think Out he ofdid Europe, so out of the calamitoussupportket Promotion for mistake. the war, Program but not and so brave Com-Ø HealthHealth systemssystems areare nearlynearly asas com-com- LONDON The ket Promotion Program and Com- estimatingvolves 16 the percent difficulties of our of even economy the reform, which follows a strategy of LITTLE over a decade af- ures as MargaretByByNxxx,2007-05-10,A,033,Bs-BW,E1 Thatcher CorbyCorby simply KummerKummerBlair in his role as semi-tearfulfarmers’In other re- markets, areasThe economy though, of in British Britain haven’t has life, been andBeing it has madea man no obviousof quick impact though skin- one who supported President Bush in as the many people who have died as plexplexsmall asas thethe bodybody growers itself.itself. TheyThey get involveinvolve wasn’t fair. Her word was her bond. munitymunity Food Food Projects. Projects. These These could could shared responsibility. Enacted state- ter he came in as the vivalist preacher — was that he so successful over the last decade be- on his policies. (Abortion, the rights mostand mundane every one tasks of ourafter lives. reform And — we Of course,A. N. both Wilson sides became is the en- author, most re- beenwhere free-spending you might foodies, have expected but food- a deepof gay intelligence, couples to marry Mr. and Blair adopt found out his Middle Eastern adventures. aequip result farmers of his andwith President card readers, Bush’s an hospitalhospital care, care, mental mental health health care, care, young hope of a New would “heal the wounds” of Africa. cause politicians have at long last equip farmers with card readers, an likecould handling err fromall the ineptitude,confused phone under- wide last year, the law has four key trenched behind barricades not only had so little to do with it. Our Bank of children, the rights of religious doctor visits, medications, ambu- Britain, Tony Blair, cently, of “Betjeman: AThat Life.” was Blair the Redeemer.aidpolitician recipients. of Happily, Mr. Blair’s the new apparent farm very quickly that there are in factSystemSome people think he did so out of essentialcalamitousessential firstfirst mistake. step,step, andand financefinance otherotherØ doctor visits,wired. medications, ambu- of barbed wire but of discourse. BBOSTONOSTON England, rather than our Treasury, schools to determine their own cur- callsestimating from those the whosedifficulties coverage of even has the components. It defines a guaranteed who is expected to an- ThenTHE there NEW was YORK Blair billTIMES the Efficient,before OP-ED CongressTHURSDAY, has MAY several 10, 2007 pro- N A33 lances, and everything else required Mr. Blair, however, is a bound- has controlled the interest rates. The riculum — in all these areas the laws The American health insurance ingeniousingenious projects projects to to help help small small lances, and everything else required nounce his resignation NN the the five five years years since sincewho told the the us lasthe last would improve the changed;most mundane ensuring tasks that after doctor’s reform ap- — health plan that is now open to all le- lessly superficial person, and he was posals to vastlylargely increase non-British food City ofaid London, to enacted by the Blair government system is a slow-creeping ruin, dam- toto keepkeep peoplepeople alivealive andand healthy.healthy. Ex- Ex- dateA today, is a figure vilified and farm bill was passed,educational the num- system, transportation, farmersfarmers thrive.thrive. gal residents without penalty for pre- perfectly happyfarm to swim bill about was in the passed, the num- most of whose firms and institutions have gone against the expressed aging people and increasingly the pointmentslike handling and all prescriptions the confused don’t phone loathed by his own party and disliked hospitals: in all these theareas, poor,Britain including two programs ATUL GAWANDE pertsperts havehave offeredoffered halfhalf aa dozendozen moremore weird world ofberber Irish ofof politics farmers’farmers’ where marketsmarkets inin thisthis are now in American, German or views of the Roman Catholic Church, employers that hire us. Yet there is ConcernedConcerned cooks cooks (and (and everyone everyone fallrecipientscalls through; from those don’t avoiding whose know coverage disastrous that thehas existing conditions. Using public dol- by people in Britain at large. Less Green at the Farmers’ Market rational ways to finance all this than that allow them to buy at farmers’ another truth as well: the vast ma- rational ways to finance all this than Awords Player could country meancountry anything hasWho has you grown grown Never to to nearly nearly FoundJapanese His control, Stage is the bubbling to which his wife belongs and which else)else) shouldshould urgeurge increasesincreases forfor edu-edu- coststampschanged; overruns. can ensuring be used at that farmers’ doctor’s mar- ap- lars, it has made the plan free to the There is, however, one good legacy liked. Most of his sentences would be markets. center of British wealth, and has it is rumored he wishes to join.) jority who have decent coverage are thethe wretched wretched one one we we have. have. But But we we he bequeaths us, and we should not things at4,5004,500 once, sometimes from from meaning 2,750, 2,750,élan gladdening gladdening and ambition to make a differ- fewer and fewer areas over which religious conviction. Maybe. Com- Curinghappy with the care we get — I am cationcation programsprograms thatthat tell tell people people howhow kets.Healthpointments A systems reason and are often prescriptions nearly given as forcom- don’t the poor and limited the cost to about 6 By A. N. Wilson untranslatable. They were even de- For Tony Blair,That normallynothing would to do with be Mr. great Blair foror his Iraq has been a fiasco, but I think ket Promotion Program and Com- cannotcannot change change everything everything at at once once be ungenerous in recognizing it. That livered innothing quiteBy atthethe different all. Corby Expecting hearts hearts accents, the Kummer of of various as foodies foodiesence, who who he has like made like no impact what- Britishlikely politicians, successor, perhaps Gordon any poli- Brown,mentators the makehe got much involved of Mr. Blair’s in the calamity be- writing this, for instance, as I sit with andand wherewhere toto useuse foodfood stamps.stamps. OnlyOnly plexfall as through;the body itself. avoiding They disastrousinvolve percent of income for families earn- is peace in Ireland. Both sides in the parties in Northern Ireland to negoti- ever. One of his weirdestsmallLess displays farmers.of ticians, have WithoutGreen control the in today’s guaran-religion, butat it has never the been an is- Farmers’my 11-year-old son waiting for Market an munity Food Projects. These could greatwithout success causing of harm. the WIC So we farmers’ dawdle. though he was more than one person, chancellor of the Exchequer. without causing harm. So we dawdle. ate with such solidly Aristotelian fig- world. sue of publiccause, importance once again, in Britain, he is superficial, 56 percent of people eligible for food Northern Irish dispute hate the Eng- LONDON nothingInothing better better than than seeing seeingoratorypeace — locally locally delivered in Ireland this time by Mr. is TheM.R.I. to check the cardiac repair equip56 percent farmers of with people card eligible readers, for anfood hospitalmarketcost overruns. care,program mental is the health nutrition care, edu- ing up to $52,000 a year. It requires which inI a way he is. To make an impact — and there is decent and brave. The superficiality LITTLE over a decade af- ures as Margaret Thatcher simply Blair in his role as semi-tearfulteed income re- The from economy the in Britainfarm has bill’s been $15and it has made no obvious impact that has saved his life for a decade. WeWe don’tdon’t needneed to,to, though.though. ItIt isis pos-pos- lish, and both have good reason to do This grownmultifacetedwasn’t fair. Chioggia Her quality word was was beets, her very bond. butter radish- no doubt that Mr. Blair wanted to made him think it would be a quick stampsstamps getget them,them, andand mostmost ofof thosethose doctor visits, medications, ambu- all individuals to obtain insurance by ter he came in as the grown Chioggia beets, buttervivalist radish- preacher — was that he so successful over the last decade be- on his policies. (Abortion, the rights essentialket Promotion first step, Program and finance and other Com- cationHealth that systems comes with are nearlyit. as com- so. This hatred was a substantial rea- Of course, both sides became en- tooBOSTON little, toomillion late. Seniors Farmers’ Marketof gay couples to marry and adopt So most have resisted large-scale siblesible to to alter alter our our system system surgically surgically young hope of auseful New es, in Ireland. Early He Girl is a naturally tomatoes,would miniature “heal the wounds” of Africa. causemake politicians an impact have at as long prime last minister and easy operation, like the military year end. And it requires businesses son successive British prime min- es,trenched Early Bybehind Corby Girlbarricades tomatoes, not Kummer only miniature had so little to do with it. Our Bank of children, the rights of religious change, fearing that it could make ingenious projects to help small lances,plexYes, asand supermarketsthe everything body itself. else may They required well involve get Britain, Tony pleasant, Blair, politeN the person. five And years he has sinceThat the was Blair last the Redeemer.Nutrition Program— he could and play theon only separate two stages: action in 2000 in Sierra Leone, whereSystem munity Food Projects. These could enoughenough toto minimizeminimize harmharm whilewhile stillstill of barbed wire but of discourse. England, rather than our Treasury, schools to determine their own cur- some lives worse, even as it makes isters, many of them doingwho their is expectedvery courage. to an- pattypanpattypan These qualities squash,squash, have chervil, beenchervil, Thenfreshfresh there goatgoat was Blair the Efficient, the theater of Europe as a member the British Army nipped in and out to to hospitalkeep people care, alive mental and healthy. health Ex- care, with more than 10 employees to help Mr. Blair, however, is a bound- $25 millionhas Farmers’controlled the interest Market rates. The Nutri-riculum — in all these areas the laws The American health insurance farmersequip farmersthrive. with card readers, an thechanneling great majority us onto of a increased path out ofbene- our best to undo the mistakes nounceof the past, his resignation farm bill was passed,is whoin the a parlous told num- us he state, would with improve railway the ac- others better. channeling us onto a path out of our an essentialcheesecheeselessly superficial ingredient logslogs person, and and in the duckandduck Irish he was breastbreast inin aa con-con- largelyof the non-British European City Union, of London, and thatenacted of byremove the Blair a rogue government warlord. system is a slow-creeping ruin, dam- pertsdoctor have visits,offered medications, half a dozen more ambu- cover insurance or pay into a state got nowhere withdateA the today, Irish. is a figure vilified and educational system, transportation, And the truth is it could. Concernedessential first cooks step, (andand finance everyone other fitsmisery. for fresh produce. But a small tion Program (part of the food aid peace process.perfectlyber Theyhappy of farmers’ haveto swim led about to the marketsin the cident ratesinB OSTONthis reminding us of the 19thmostthe of whosewider firms world and as institutions an acolyte haveof the gone againstAlas, his the disregard expressed foraging truth people— in- and increasingly the misery. fund. But the hatredloathed was by only his own part party of the and disliked venientlyveniently locatedlocated market.market.hospitals: in all these areas, Britain employers that hireThere us. Yet arethere two is causes of human WeWe havehave toto helphelp rationallances, ways and everythingto finance all else this required than Alice inweird Wonderlandcountry worldN the of Irish five situation has politics years grown wewhere sincecentury to nearly the and last true literacyprogram levels are for United now infamilies States. American, He Germanquickly known discovered or views as of thedeed Roman it seemsCatholic very Church, unlikely he even else)ingenious should urge projects increases to help for edu- small sliceOptionOption of a 1 1 ismuch is a a Massachusetts-style Massachusetts-style larger pie could reason. Anotherby people was in theBritain phenom- at large. now have,wordsSome in which could of themean governmentthe anything best you customersmuch lower than ofthose of the Victori-Japanesethat Europe control, was is the too bubbling amorphousto which for hisquite wife knowsbelongs what and which truth isanother in this truthcase as fallibility well: the vast — ignorance ma- and ineptitude theto wretchedkeep people one alive we and have. healthy. But we Ex- The reform gives everyone a re- There is, however, one good legacy Some of the best customers of jority who have decent coverage are cationfarmers programs thrive. that tell people how amount to as much as or more enon of language. The Ireland of of Northernliked. 4,500 IrelandMostfarm of his has from sentencesbill been was 2,750,placed would passed, be ans. gladdening As the many num- as one-quarterWIC), of someBrit-center himsmall of to British stand growers wealth, out beside and would has the biggeritbe is rumored— he led wishes him toto join.) think it did not matter — and health system change is at reform,reform, which which follows follows a a strategy strategy of of he bequeaths us, and we should not farmers’farmers’ markets, markets, though, though, haven’t haven’t happy with the care we get — I am cannotperts have change offered everything half a dozen at once more sponsibility. But it leaves untouched James Joyce, Samuel Beckett, Oscar in the handsuntranslatable. of two sworn They enemies were even — de- ish parentsFor now Tony pay forBlair,out ruinously of business,ex-nothingplayers, to do and especiallywith Mr. many Blair beside or his others the presi-Iraq has whatbeen areason fiasco, but he I gave think for sending in risk of both. We could err from igno- and Concernedwheresmallsmall to use growersgrowers cooks food stamps. (and everyone getget Only moneyshared thanresponsibility. farmers’ Enacted markets state- now be ungenerous in recognizing it. That liveredthe inber quite hearts of different farmers’ of accents, foodies marketsas who in like this likely successor, Gordon Brown, the he got involved in the calamity be- writing this, for instance, as I sit with shared responsibility. Enacted state- Wilde, Ian Paisley and Gerry Adams the extremebeenbeen Protestant free-spendingfree-spending minister Ian foodies,foodies,pensive butbut private food-food- education for the dent of France, Jacques Chirac. It the troops. You have to concede that rance, because we have never done withoutrational causing ways harm.to finance So we all dawdle. this than is peace in Ireland. Both sides in the though he was more than one person, would be chancellor reluctant of the Exchequer. to sell in low-cause, once again, he is superficial, my 11-year-old son waiting for an 56 else)percent should of people urge increaseseligible for for Timfood edu- Lane getwide from last food-assistance year, the law hasprograms. four key is a place whereNorthern words Irish bounce, dispute andhate the Eng-Inothing country better than has grown seeing peace to locally nearly in Ireland is M.R.I. to check theanything cardiac remotely repair as ambitious as wide last year, the law has four key Paisley and the former I.R.A. guer- children. That is the measure of Mr. was inevitable that he would emerge he has been brave in his unwavering aidaidwhich recipients.recipients. in a way he is. Happily,Happily, thethe newnew farmfarm To make an impact — and there is decent and brave. The superficiality changing out a system that now in- wired.wired. Wethe don’t wretched need oneto, though. we have. It is But pos- we fly and sing, lish, often and meaning both have several good reasonrilla to dogrown Martin McGuinness. Chioggia4,500 from beets, 2,750, butterBlair’s gladdening radish- success with theincome schools. neighborhoodsas the Odd Man where Out of Europe, freshmade the him support think it would for the be war, a quick but notthat sohas brave saved his life for a decade. stampscation get programs them, and that most tell peopleof those how components.components.And the new ItIt defines moneydefines a availablea guaranteedguaranteed for This multifaceted quality was very no doubt that Mr. Blair wanted to volves 16 percent of our economy so. This hatred was a substantial rea-In otherbillbilluseful beforebefore areas in Ireland. of CongressCongress He British is a naturally life, has has severalseveralBeingtoo a little,man pro-pro- of quicktoo thoughlate. skin-makeone an who impact supported as prime President minister Bushand easy in operation,wouldas the many like be the people entitled military who haveSo to most $6died havea as month resisted large-scalefor and, market managers say, they bill would let food-aid recipients buy siblecannot to alter change our system everything surgically at once son successive British prime min-es, Earlythe Girl hearts tomatoes, of foodies miniature who like produce is otherwise a rarity — change, fearing thatand it every could one make of our lives. And we and where to use food stamps. Only fruithealthhealth and planplan vegetables thatthat isis nownow would openopen mean toto allall that le-le- A. N. Wilson is the author, most re- where posalsposals youpleasant, might politetoto have vastlyvastly person. expected And increaseincrease he a has deep foodfood intelligence, aidaid toto Mr. Blair found out— hehis could Middle play Easternon only two adventures. stages: action in 2000produce.a result in Sierra of Leone, his And and where inPresident its initial Bush’s proposals have seen their sales plummet with fruits and vegetables wherever they enoughwithout to causingminimize harm. harm So while we dawdle. still A better way on isters, many of them doing their verypattypancourage. Thesesquash, qualities chervil, have been fresh goat “food deserts.’’the theater of Europe as a member the British Army nipped in and out to some lives worse,could even as err it makes from ineptitude, under- 56 percent of people eligible for food “specialtygal residents crops” without — the penalty kind we for actu- pre- cently, of “Betjeman: A Life.” politicianInothing of Mr. betterBlair’s apparent than seeingvery quickly locally that there are in fact Some people think he did so out of calamitous mistake. others better.Ø gal residents without penalty for pre- best to undo the mistakes of the past, thethean essential poor, poor, ingredient including including in the Irish two twois in programs programs a parlous state, with railway ac- of the European Union, and that of remove a rogue warlord. estimating the difficulties of even the channelingWe don’t us need onto to,a paththough. out Itof is our pos- for the new farm bill,And the the truth Bushis it could. ad- the switch from paper. can find them. That means super- allyexisting think conditions. of as food, Using as opposed public dol- to got nowhere with the Irish. cheesegrownpeace process.logs Chioggia and They haveduck beets, led breast to the buttercident in a rates radish- con- reminding us ofBut, the 19th it turnsthe wider out, world new as an acolyteefforts of the to en-Alas, his disregard for truth — in- most mundane tasks after reform — recipientsstampsrecipients get them, don’t don’t and know know most that that of those the the existing conditions. Using public dol- But the hatred was only part of the thatthat allow allow them them to to buy buy at at farmers’ farmers’ ministration suggestedThere are two making causes of human markets — which remain the most misery.sible to alter our system surgically venientlyes,Alice Early in Wonderlandlocated Girl situationmarket. tomatoes, we century miniature and true literacycourage levels food-aidUnited States. He recipients quickly discovered to eatdeed it seems very unlikely he even like handling all theThe confused need phone for farmers to enter the stampsWe canhave be used to at farmers’help mar- cropslars,lars, it it like hashas corn, mademade soy thethe and planplan cotton freefree toto that thethe health care is well reason. Another was the phenom- markets.now have, in which the government much lower than those of the Victori- that Europe was too amorphous for quite knows what truth is in this case fallibility — ignorance and ineptitude stamps can be used at farmers’ mar- markets. available $200 million,— and health starting systemcalls nextchangefrom those is atcashless whose coverage economy has is obvious. Wire- convenient place to buy produce. Optionenough 1to is minimize a Massachusetts-style harm while still enon of language. The Ireland of Somepattypanof Northern of Ireland squash, the has best been chervil, placed customersans. fresh As many goat of as one-quartermore of Brit- fruitshim and to stand vegetables out beside the bigger— which— led him to think it did not matter kets.kets. A A reason reason often often given given for for the the getpoorpoor the and and much limited limited criticized the the cost cost multibillion- to to about about 6 6 James Joyce, Samuel Beckett, Oscar in ThattheThat hands normallynormally of two sworn enemies would would — be beish parents great great now for for pay for ruinously ex- players, especially beside the presi- what reasonyear, he gave to forbuy sending fruits in riskand of both.vegetables We couldchanged; err forfrom ensuring igno-less that card doctor’s readers ap- will benefit both Farmers’ market advocates are reform,channelingpercent which of incomeus follows onto fora apath families strategy out of earn- ofour within our means. Wilde, Ian Paisley and Gerry Adamsfarmers’cheesethe extreme logs markets, Protestant and minister duck though, Ianbreastpensive haven’t in privatea con- educationare for calamitously the dent of France, underrepresented Jacques Chirac. It the troops. You have to concede that rance, because wepointments have never doneand prescriptions don’t greatgreatsmall success success growers of of the the WIC WIC get farmers’ farmers’ dollarpercent commodity of income subsidies for families — would earn- smallsmall farmers. farmers. Without Without the the guaran- guaran- anything remotely as ambitious as sharedmisery. responsibility. Enacted state- is a place where words bounce,Less andbeenvenientlyPaisley free-spending andGreen the located former I.R.A. market.foodies, guer- atchildren. but thefood- That is the measureFarmers’in American of Mr. was inevitable diets that —Market he couldwould emerge end he up has beenthe brave poor. in his unwaveringIf such suggestionsfall get through; ap- people avoiding on disastrous food assistance and foodies alarmed. The money will go to the finallyinging up up to get to $52,000 $52,000 support a a year. year. from It It the requires requires farm changing out a system that now in- marketWe program have is theto nutrition help edu- fly and sing, often meaning several rilla Martin McGuinness. Blair’s success with the schools. as the Odd Man Out of Europe, the support for the war, but not so brave market program is the nutrition edu- teedteed incomeincome fromfrom thethe farmfarm bill’sbill’s $15$15 volves 16 percentcost of overruns. our economy wideOption last year, 1 is the a Massachusetts-style law has four key aid recipients.In other areas Happily, of British life,the newBeing farm a man of quick shuttingthough skin- outone who the supported small President farmers Bush in whoas the manyproved, people who hundredshave died as of millions more who (like me) don’t carry all the centralized industrial farms that bill.allall individualsindividuals More people toto obtainwouldobtain eat insuranceinsurance healthier byby Some of the best customers of ket Promotion Programand and every Com- one of ourHealth lives. systems And we are nearly as com- cationcation thatthat wired. comescomes withwith it.it. A. N. Wilson is the author, most re- millionmillionwhere you might Seniors Seniors have expected Farmers’ Farmers’ a deep intelligence, Market Market Mr. Blair found out his Middle Eastern adventures. a result of his and President Bush’s components.reform, which It defines follows a guaranteed a strategy of By Corby Kummer are the backbone of these markets. dollars could be spentcould errevery from plex ineptitude,year as onthe under- bodycash itself. they They involveend up eager to spend. But supply supermarkets, they say — the year end. And it requires businesses cently, of “Betjeman: A Life.” billfarmers’politician before of Congress Mr. markets, Blair’s apparent has though, severalvery quickly haven’t pro- that there are in fact Some people think he did so out of calamitousmunity mistake. Food Projects.Ø These could Yes,small supermarkets growers may get well get diets,year end.and farmersAnd it requires might start businesses grow- the majority with secure insurance Nutrition Program and the separate estimating the difficulties of even the Yes, supermarkets may well get healthshared plan responsibility. that is now open Enacted to all state- le- Nutrition Program and the separate freshequip farmers produce. with card readers, an hospital care, who mental will health pay care, for the machines, which ones that crush small farmers and withwith moremore thanthan 1010 employeesemployees toto helphelp posalsbeen tofree-spending vastly increase foodies, food but aid food- to The Agriculture Department has most mundane tasksdoctor after reform visits, — medications, ambu- thethe greatgreat majoritymajority ofof increasedincreased bene-bene- ing even better-tasting varieties, while getting the rest covered. As a re- BOSTON $25$25 million million Farmers’ Farmers’ Market Market Nutri- Nutri- essential first step, and finance other galwide residents last year, without the penaltylaw has for four pre- key theaid poor, recipients. including Happily, two the programs new farm proposed rules that would reallocate There’s a big catch,like handling though: all thelances, confusedsmall and phoneeverythingcan cost else asrequired much as $1,500 and incur waste fuel. confidentcovercover insurance insurance of finding or or a pay paymarket. into into a a state state sult, it has had strong public approval. N the five years since the last ingenious projects to calls help from small those whose coverage has fitsfits for for fresh freshwired. produce. produce. But But a a small small tiontion Program Program (part (part of of the the food food aid aid to keep people alive and healthy. Ex- recipients don’t know that the existingcomponents. conditions. It defines Using a public guaranteed dol- farm bill was passed, the num- thatbill allow before them Congress to buy has at several farmers’ pro- WIC benefits now restricted to eggs farmersfarmers thrive. might notchanged; reap ensuringthe windfall. that doctor’s ap-steep monthly service fees, not to So: Help small farmers and the fund.fund.Many other programs proposed Experience with delivering the new program for families known as perts have offered half a dozen more sliceslice of of a a much much larger larger pie pie could could lars, it has made the plan free to the ber of farmers’ markets in this program for families known as Concerned cooks (andpointments everyone and prescriptions don’t stamps can be used at farmers’ mar- health plan that is now open to all le- markets.posals to vastly increase food aid to and dairy products, which have long Over the past 15 years, mostrational states ways tomention finance all this workers than trained to use places dedicated to selling truly local forTheThe the reform reformfarm bill gives gives could everyone everyone bring locally a a re- re- plan is accumulating. And best of all, country has grown to nearly WIC),Less some Green small growers at would the be Farmers’ Market else) should urge increasesfall for through; edu- avoiding disastrous amountamount to to as as much much as as or or more more poorgal andresidents limited without the cost penalty to about for pre- 6 WIC), some small growers would be cost overruns. the wretched one we have. But we kets. A reason often given for the sponsibility. But it leaves untouched 4,500 from 2,750, gladdening Thatthe poor, normally including would two be great programs for enjoyed the muscle of well-financed havecation programs switched that from tell people paper how coupons them? food,money or than help thefarmers’ sharply markets increasing now grownsponsibility. food to But places it leaves that untouchedwant and it offers a mechanism that can absorb outout of of business, business, and and many many others others ket Promotion Program and Com- Health systemscannot are nearly change as com- everything at once greatmoneyrecipients success than don’t offarmers’ the know WIC markets farmers’ that now the percentexisting of conditions.income for Usingfamilies public earn- dol- the hearts ofBy foodies Corby who Kummer like small farmers. Without the guaran- lobbies, to fruits and vegetables, and where to use food stamps.plex as theOnly body itself. They involve thatwould allow be reluctantthem to buy to atsell farmers’ in low- munity Foodfor Projects. food These stamps could to debit cards,without re-causing harm.Without So we dawdle. card readers, farmersTimTim Lane Lane numbergetget fromfrom of food-assistancefood-assistance people struggling programs.programs. to feed ingneed up to it, $52,000 like schools a year. and It requires hospitals. change. The guaranteed health plan Inothing better than seeing locally would be reluctant to sell in low- equip farmers56 percent with card of readers, people an eligiblehospital for food care, mental health care, marketstamps program can be usedis the at nutrition farmers’ edu- mar- lars, it has made the plan free to the teedmarkets. income from the farm bill’s $15 which haven’t. Millions of children movingstamps get the them, stigma and mostdoctor of of redemptionthose visits, medications,We don’t at ambu-needfear to, though. they It is will pos- lose the bulk of the themselves and their families? The But farmers’ markets are where the may cover 5 percent of the state at grown Chioggia beets, butter radish- BOSTON income neighborhoods where fresh essential first step, and finance other AndAnd the the new new money money available available for for allpoor individuals and limited to obtain the insurance cost to about by 6 income neighborhoods where fresh lances, and everythingsible else to alterrequired our system surgically cationkets. that A reasoncomes with often it. given for the es, Early Girl tomatoes,N the five miniature years since the lastmillionThat Seniors normally Farmers’ would be Market great for would be entitled to $6 a month ingenious for and, projects market to help small managers say, they bill would let food-aid recipients buy first, but as job-based health care dis- produce is otherwise a rarity — would be entitled to $6 a month for theand, checkout market counter. managersto keep Thepeople say,alive WICenough and theypro-healthy. to minimize Ex-farmbill harmwould bill while helplet still food-aid they get recipients now, and buy be mostfruit andequitable vegetables way to would help meanfarmer’s that yearbill end. can And best it serverequires cooks businesses — a fre- pattypan squash, chervil,farm bill freshwas passed, goat the num- produce is otherwise a rarity — farmers thrive. fruitYes,great and supermarkets success vegetables of the would may WIC wellmean farmers’ get that percent of income for families earn- While on the oneNutrition smallhand Kristof farmers. Program describes Without and the thehowseparate guaran- he approachesproduce. his And work in writing its initial about proposals humanhave suffering seen their salesperts have plummet offeredchanneling half a withdozen usmore ontofruits a path and out ofvegetables our wherever they A better way on integrates, the plan can take in howev- ber of farmers’ markets in this Corbyproduce. Kummer, And in its a senior initial proposals editor atConcernedgram,have cooks seen (and which everyone their still sales uses plummet paper, with will shutfruits out and of vegetables those new wherever hundreds they of markets may be to urge legislators quentlyA better well-financed, way always on opin- cheese logs and duck breast in a con- “food“food deserts.’’deserts.’’ rational ways to finance all this than “specialty“specialty crops”crops” —— thethe kindkind wewe actu-actu- withing more up to than $52,000 10 employees a year. It to requires help country has grown to nearly else) should urge increases for edu- misery. themarket great majority program of is increased the nutrition bene- edu- veniently located market. $25teed million income Farmers’ from the Market farm bill’s Nutri- $15 forfor the the new new farm farm bill, bill, the the Bush Bush ad- ad- mostthethe We switchswitch likely have fromfrom do theto paper.paper. thehelpsame. wretched Most one we farm- have. But wemillions.cancan find find The them. them. proposals That That means means at the super- super- Agri- to support good programs already in ionated special-interest group that er many necessary. 4,500“with from a 2,750, certain gladdening amountBut, itof turns professional out, new effortsdistance,” to enon Thethe Atlanticother hand Monthly, he is is bothered the author cationby of theseprograms stories.that tell people how Option 1 is a Massachusetts-style allyally think think of of as as food, food, as as opposed opposed to to coverall individuals insurance to or obtain pay into insurance a state by But, it turns out, new efforts to en- cannot change everything at once fitscation for freshthat comes produce. with But it. a small Some of the bestthe hearts customers of foodies of who liketionmillion Program Seniors (part Farmers’ of the food Market aid ministration suggested makingand where to use food stamps. Only markets — which remain the most The reform has its hurdles, no courage food-aid recipients to eat “Theministration Pleasures of suggested Slow Food.’’ making ers,TheThe of needneed course, forfor don’tfarmersfarmerswithout take causing toto plastic enterharm.enterreform, So we the the —which dawdle. followsculturemarkets a strategyDepartment — which of remain and in the farm most thecropscrops farm like like bill, corn, corn, like soy soythe andFarmers’ and cotton cotton Mar- that that fund.shouldyearhealthhealth end. start And acting careitcare requires like one.isis businesses wellwellØ farmers’ markets,Inothing While though, better than haven’tworking seeing locally incourage Cambodia, food-aid he was recipients so affected to eatby the plight of two young girls that56 he percent bought of peoplesmall eligibletheir growers for food get sliceYes, of a supermarkets much larger may pie well could get program for families known as We don’t need to,shared though. responsibility. It is pos- Enacted state- been free-spendinggrown Chioggiafoodies, beets,but food- butter radish- Nutrition Program and the separate availableavailable $200 $200 million, million, starting starting next nextstamps getcashlesscashless them, and most economy economy of those is is obvious. obvious. Wire- Wire- convenientconvenient place place to to buy buy produce. produce. question. Some residents are angry moremore fruitsfruits andand vegetablesvegetables —— whichwhich sible to alter our wide system last surgically year, the law has four key getget the the much much criticized criticized multibillion- multibillion- Thewith reformmore than gives 10 employees everyone ato re-help es, Early Girl tomatoes, miniature amountthe great to majority as much of increased as or more bene- aid recipients. Happily, the new farm WIC),$25 millionsome small Farmers’ growers Market would Nutri- be year, to buy fruits and vegetables for less cardwired. readersenough will to minimize benefit harm both while stillFarmers’ market advocates are within our means. about being made to buy health cov- pattypanfreedom squash, chervil, from fresh goata brothel.areare calamitously calamitously underrepresented underrepresented year, to buy fruits and vegetables for less card readers will benefitcomponents. both It definesFarmers’ a guaranteed market advocates are dollardollar commoditycommodity subsidiessubsidies —— wouldwould sponsibility.coverwithin insurance But our it orleaves pay means. untouched into a state bill before Congress has several pro- channeling us onto a path out of our moneyfits for than fresh farmers’ produce. markets But a now small cheese logs and duck breast in a con-outtion of Program business, (part and many of the othersfood aid health plan that is now open to all le- erage — 6 percent of income is not posals to vastly increase food aid to in American diets — could end up thethe poor.poor. IfIf suchsuch suggestionssuggestions getget ap-ap- peoplepeople onon foodfood assistanceassistancemisery. andand foodiesfoodies alarmed.alarmed. The The money money will will go go to to the the finally get support from the farm fund. veniently located market. in American diets — could end up gal residents without penalty for pre- Tim Lane finally get support from the farm wouldprogram be reluctant for families to sell known in low- as We have to help Option 1 is a Massachusetts-style getslice from of food-assistance a much larger programs. pie could nothing. Next April, when the tax the poor, includingSome of two the programs best customers of proved, hundreds of millions more who (like me) don’t carry all the centralized industrial farms that shuttingshutting out out the the small small farmers farmers who who proved, hundreds of millions more whorecipients (like don’t me) know don’treform, that carrywhich the followsexisting all a strategy the conditions. ofcentralized Using public dol- industrial farms that bill.bill. MoreMore peoplepeople wouldwould eateat healthierhealthier The reform gives everyone a re- that allow themfarmers’ to buy markets, at farmers’ though, haven’tincome neighborhoods where fresh Andamount the new to as money much available as or morefor Kristof’s dilemma—howWIC), some to express small growers compassion would forbe thedollars people could he meetsbe spent while every also year writing onsmallstamps growersthe canmost be usedget at farmers’shared responsibility. mar- lars, Enacted it has madestate-supply theNICHOLAS plan freesupermarkets, to the D. KRISTOF they say — the penalty kicks in (refusers will lose markets. been free-spending foodies, but food- areare thethe backbonebackbone ofof thesethese markets.markets. woulddollars be could entitled be tospent $6 aevery month year for on and,cashcash market theythey endend managers upup eagereager toto say, spend.spend. they ButBut billsupply would supermarkets, let food-aid recipients they say buy— the diets,diets, andand farmersfarmers mightmight startstart grow-grow- sponsibility.the majority But with it leaves secure untouched insurance wide last year, thepoor law andhas four limited key the cost to about 6 fruitmoney and vegetables than farmers’ would markets mean that now the majority with secure insurance aid recipients. Happily, the new farmproduceout of is business, otherwise and a many rarity others — kets. A reason often given for the their personal tax exemption), you That normally would be great for The Agriculture Department has freshfresh produce.produce. whowhowired. willwill paypay forfor thethecomponents. machines,machines, It defines whichwhich a guaranteedonesones that that crush crush small small farmers farmers and and bill beforeeffective Congress has story—represents several pro- The Agriculture a dilemma Department many of has us produce.confront. And We in live its initialin an proposalsera of endlesshavegreat access seen success theirto of the sales WIC farmers’ plummetpercent with of incomefruits for and families vegetables earn- wherever theyTim Lane inging even even better-tasting better-tasting varieties, varieties, whilewhileA gettinggettingbetter thethe rest restway covered.covered. on AsAs aa re-re- small farmers. Without the guaran- “foodwould deserts.’’ be reluctant to sell in low- health plan that is now open to all le- “specialtyget from crops” food-assistance — the kind programs. we actu- will hear about it. As enrollment and posals to vastly increase food aid to market program is the nutrition edu- ing up to $52,000waste a year. fuel. It requires teed income from the farm bill’s $15 proposedproposed rulesrules thatthat wouldwould reallocatereallocate for theThere’sThere’s new a farma bigbig catch,catch, bill, the though:though: Bush smallsmall ad- thecancan switch costcost from asas muchmuch paper. galasas residents $1,500$1,500 without andand penalty incurincur for pre-canwaste find fuel. them. That means super- confidentconfident ofof findingfinding aa market.market. sult,sult, itit hashas hadhad strongstrong publicpublic approval.approval. the poor, including two programs all individuals to obtain insurance by ally And think the of new as food, money as opposedavailable to for information aboutBut,income human it turns neighborhoods suffering out, new aroundefforts where to the en- fresh world. What do we do with this information?cation that What comes with it.existing conditions. Using public dol- costs in the guaranteed plan rise, million Seniorsthat allowFarmers’ them to Market buy at farmers’ WICWIC benefitsbenefits nownow restrictedrestricted toto eggseggs farmersfarmers mightmight notnot reapreap thethe windfall.windfall.recipients steepsteep don’t know monthly monthly that the service service fees, fees, not not to to So:So: Help Help small small farmers farmers and and the the Many other programs proposed Experience with delivering the new ministrationwould be entitled suggested to $6 a month making for Theand,Yes, need supermarketsmarket for farmers managers maylars, wellit hasto get made enter say, theyear planthe end. they free And tomarkets the itbill requires would businesses — whichlet food-aid remain recipients the most buy Many other programs proposed Experiencehealth withcare delivering is well the new Nutrition Programmarkets. and the separate courageproduce food-aid is otherwise recipients a rarity to eat — stamps can be used at farmers’ mar- cropsfruit like and corn,vegetables soy and would cotton mean that that there will also be intense public pres- and dairy products, which have long mention workerspoor trained and limitedSave with the to cost more use to aboutthan 610the employees toDarfur help Puppy $25 million Farmers’should Market we Nutri- do withand it? dairyThere products, are no simple which haveanswers long toavailable theseOverproduce.Over the thequestions, $200 And past past million, in 15 15 its years, years,and initial starting in most mostour proposals nextattempts states stateskets. Acashless reasonmentionhave theto great address often seen majorityeconomy given workers their for of the increased sales is obvious. trained plummetbene- Wire- to with use convenientplacesfruitsplaces and dedicateddedicated placevegetables to to sellingselling buy wherever produce. trulytruly locallocalthey forfor the the farm farm bill bill could could bring bring locally locally planplan A isis accumulating. accumulating.better way AndAnd bestbest on ofof all,all, That normally would be great formore“food fruits deserts.’’ and vegetables — which percent of incomecover for families insurance earn- or pay into a state get“specialty the much crops” criticized — the multibillion- kind we actu- sure to increase the minimum em- small farmers. Without the guaran- enjoyed the muscle of well-financed great successfits of for the fresh WIC farmers’produce. But a small tion Program (part of the food aid enjoyed the muscle of well-financed year,haveforhave to the switchedbuy switched new fruits farm from fromand bill, vegetables paper paper the Bush coupons coupons for ad- lessthem?thethem? card switch readers from paper. willing up tobenefit $52,000 fund. a year. both It requiresFarmers’food,canfood, find or or help help market them. the the That sharply sharply advocates means increasing increasing super- are growngrown food food to to places places that that want want and and itit offersoffers aa mechanismmechanism thatthat cancan absorbabsorb teed incomethem from we the farm confront bill’s $15are howBut, calamitously weit turns define out, underrepresented newour effortsuniverse to en-of responsibility—theFinally, we’re beginning individuals to under- andmarket groups programlessslice is willing of the whom a nutrition much to edu- larger give pie in could the third sce- that 30,000 children die daily of the dollarNATOally commodity think rapid-response of as subsidies food, as opposedcapability,— would to side).within Those our who did means. math donated ployer contribution (currently just program for families known as lobbies, to fruits and vegetables, cation that comes with it. all individuals to obtain insurance by million Seniors Farmers’ Market lobbies, to fruits and vegetables, theforministrationfor poor. food food If stamps stampssuch suggestions suggested to to debit debit cards, cards,get making ap- re- re- peopleamountWithoutTheWithout on need to food as card muchcardforassistance farmers as readers, readers, or more and to foodiesenter farmers farmersThe reformthe alarmed. givesnumbermarketsnumber everyone The of of — a peoplepeople whichmoney re- struggling struggling remain will go the to to to the most feed feed needneed it, it, like like schools schools and and hospitals. hospitals. change.change.health The The guaranteed guaranteedcare is health health well plan plan WIC), some small growers would be in courage American food-aid diets — recipients could end to up eat stand what it would take to galvanizeYes, supermarketsnario, in may which well get Rokia’syear end. suffering And it requiressponsibility. was businesses Butconsequences it leaves untouched of poverty — presum- finallyandcrops polish get like supportthe corn, “responsibility soy from and the cotton farmto pro- that less. $295) and clamp down on the costs. Nutrition Program and the separate whichwhich haven’t. haven’t. Millions Millions of of children children money than farmers’ marketswith more now than 10 employees to help may cover 5 percent of the state at out of business,$25 million andwe many Farmers’feel othersan Market obligation Nutri- to care for and protect. For whomproved,movingavailablemoving do we hundreds thethe show $200 stigmastigma million, compassion of of millionsof redemption redemption starting moreand nextthe empathy?atat greatwho majorityfearcashlessfear (like of they theyWhy? increased me) economy will will bene- don’t lose lose is thecarry the obvious. bulk bulk all of of Wire-the the the centralizedthemselvesconvenientthemselves industrial and placeand their their to farmsfamilies? families?buy produce. that The The ButBut farmers’farmers’ marketsmarkets areare wherewhere thethe may cover 5 percent of the state at shuttingmore fruits out the and small vegetables farmers — whowhich President Bush, other leaders andTim Lane presentedget from food-assistance as part coverprograms. of a insurance broader or pay pat- into a stateing that this number will shock peo- bill.tect”get More the as muchpeople a legal criticizedwould basis eat to multibillion- stophealthier atroci- So maybe what we need isn’t better But this is what a real system is for: would be reluctanttion Program to sell (part in of low- the food aid the checkout counter. The WIC pro-fits for freshfarm produce. bill But help a small they get now, and be most equitable way to help farmer’s bill can best serve cooks — a fre- first,first, but but asas job-basedjob-based healthhealth carecare dis-dis- income neighborhoods where fresh areare the calamitouslybackbone of these underrepresented markets. dollarstheyear, checkout couldto buy be fruits counter.spent and every vegetables The year WIC on pro- slicefor ofcash afarmless muchAnd they card largerthe bill end new piehelp readers money up could theyeager availablefund. will get to spend.fornow, benefit and But both be supplymostFarmers’ supermarkets,equitable market way theyto advocates help say farmer’s — the are billdollar can commodity best serve subsidies cooks —— awould fre- within our means. gathering everyone in and enabling programUnder for families what known conditions? as In the following readings, Kristofthe American and Slovic public point to out respond that all to tootern. often we The reform gives everyone a re-ple into action. But the opposite is diets,ties. and (The farmers Genocide might Intervention start grow- Net- thelaws majority but more with troubled secure consciences insurance — WIC), some small growers wouldwould be be entitled to $6 a month for and, market managersgram, say, they whichbill would still let uses food-aid paper, recipients willamount buy tofruitshut as muchand out vegetables as of or more those would mean new that hundreds of markets may be to urge legislators quently well-financed, always opin- integrates,integrates, thethe planplan cancan taketake inin howev-howev- produce is otherwise a rarity — CorbyTheinCorby American Agriculture Kummer, Kummer, diets Departmenta a —senior senior could editor editor end has up at at freshthegram,the produce.poor. genocide which If such in still Sudan:suggestions uses a paper, suffering get willap- whoshutpeople will out payon offood for those theassistance sponsibility.machines, new hundreds Butand itwhich leavesfoodies untouched of onestrue:marketsalarmed. that the crushmore may The bevictims, moneysmall to urge farmers will the legislators less go toand com- the ingquentlyfinally even get well-financed, better-tasting support from always varieties, the farmopin- while getting the rest covered. As a re- the hard choices. “food deserts.’’out of define business, and our many universe othersproduce. And of in itsresponsibility initial proposals havenarrowly, seen their salesmaking plummet room with forfruits only and vegetables one person. wherevermoney theyWhat than“specialty farmers’Evidencewould marketscrops” our is — nowoverwhelming the kind we actu- thatA hu- better way on work and the Enough project are pricked,er many perhaps,necessary. by a Darfur puppy The Atlantic Monthly, is the author of mostmost likelylikely dodo thethe same.same. Most MostTim Lane farm-farm-get from food-assistancemillions.millions. programs. The The proposals proposals at at the the Agri- Agri- toto supportsupport goodgood programsprograms alreadyalready inin ionatedionated special-interest special-interest group group that that er many necessary. But, it turnswould out, new be reluctant efforts to to en- sell infor low- proposed theTheshutting new Atlantic farm rules bill, out the Monthly, thethat Bush smallwould ad- is the farmers thereallocate switch author from who ofpaper. puppyThere’sproved, with a hundreds big bigcan catch, eyes find them. ofand though: millions Thatfloppy means small ears. more super-canmanswhoally cost think (likerespond as of much as me) food, to as asthe don’t opposed$1,500 suffering carry toand incurof all indi- the wastepassion.centralized fuel. industrial farms that confidentworkingbill. More of on findingpeople these things.)awould market. eat healthier sult,with it hasbig eyeshad strongand floppy public ears. approval. Once we The approach is not just a crazy income neighborhoods where ministration fresh “The Pleasures suggested makingof Slow Food.’’The need for farmersers, to enter of the course,markets don’t — which take remain plastic the mostAnd — the culture new money availableDepartment for and in thehealth farm carethe farm is well bill, like the Farmers’ Mar- should start acting like one. Ø TheThe reform reform has has its its hurdles, hurdles, no no courage food-aid recipientscommunities—local, to eat WIC“Thearewould benefits the national, bePleasures entitledbackbone now to $6 and aof restricted monthof Slow global—lookthese for Food.’’and, markets. to market eggs managerslike farmers ifers,dollars more say, of they might course,couldpeoplebill would notbe were don’tlet spentreap food-aid in take the everyrecipients the windfall. plastic habit yearbuy fruit onof — and payingsteep vegetablesculturecashcrops monthly likethey attenwould Department corn, meanend- soy that serviceup and eager cotton and fees, thatto in spend. the not farm toBut theSo:supply farm Help supermarkets, bill, small like farmersthe Farmers’ they andsay — theMar- the should start acting like one. Ø Massachusetts idea (though Mitt produce is otherwise a rarityavailable — $200 million, starting next cashless economy is obvious.That’s Wire- theconvenient implication place ofto buya series produce. viduals rather than groups. Think of In one experiment, people in one Manydiets,But, and frankly,other farmers programs after might four proposedstart years grow- of Experiencefindthe majority such awith soulful with delivering secure dog in the insurance peril, new we more fruits and“food vegetables deserts.’’ — which produce. And in its initial proposals have seen their sales plummet with fruits and vegetables wherever they “specialty crops”get the — the much kind criticized we actu- multibillion-A better way on question.question. Some Some residents residents are are angry angry andfor dairyThe the new Agriculture products, farm bill, the Bushwhich Department ad- havethe switch long from has paper.Over offresh studies the produce. pastcan by find 15psychologists them. years, That most means trying super- states to mentionwho will workers pay for the trained machines, to which use placesones dedicated that crush to smallselling farmerstruly local and plan is accumulating. And best of all, Romney is running from parts of it). are calamitouslyBut, underrepresentedtionit turns out,to newthose efforts inyear,to en- need, to buy fruits rather and vegetables than tuning for less them card readers out? will benefit both Farmers’ market advocatesally are think the ofdollar as toddlerfood, commodity as opposed Jessica subsidies to — McClure would within falling ourgroup means. could donate to a $300,000 fund forwatchinging the even farm the bill better-tasting U.N. could Security bring varieties, locally Council, shouldwhile getting call ABC the rest News. covered. ABC’s As news a re- ministration suggested making The need for farmers to enter the markets — which remain the most health care is well aboutabout beingbeing mademade toto buybuy healthhealth cov-cov- in American courage diets — food-aid could endrecipients up tothe eat enjoyedpoor.proposed If such the suggestions rules muscle that getof ap- would well-financedpeople reallocate on food assistancehaveunderstand andThere’s switched foodies a why alarmed.big from catch,people The paper moneythough: — good, coupons will small go con- crops to the likethem?down canfinally corn, soycost a get and well supportas cotton muchin that 1987, from as theor $1,500 the farm Lindbergh and incur food,forwaste or medical fuel. help the treatments sharply increasing that would growntheconfident International food of to finding places Criminal a that market. want Court and and it judgmentofferssult, it a has mechanism canhad bestrong assessed that public can by approval.absorb the 11 Reform plans recently put forward shutting out themore small fruits farmersand vegetables who — proved,which available hundreds $200 of million, millions starting more next whocashless (like economy me) don’t is obvious. carry Wire- all theconvenientcentralized place toindustrial buy produce. farmsget that the muchbill. criticized More people multibillion- would eat healthier erageragee — — 6 6 percent percent of of income income is is not not lobbies,year, to buy to fruits fruits and vegetables and for vegetables,less card readers will benefit both Farmers’ market advocates are within our means. are calamitously underrepresenteddollarsWIC could bebenefits spent every now year restricted on cash they to end eggs up eagerforscientiousfarmers to foodspend. stampsBut might peoplesupply not to supermarkets,— debitreap aren’t the cards, moved theywindfall. say re-dollar —by the commodityWithoutsteep subsidies monthly card — would servicereaders, fees, farmers not to numbersaveSo: the of Help life people of small one struggling child farmers — or, to and feedin an- the needtheMany Genocide it, like other schools Convention programs and accomplish hospitals. proposed change.minutesExperience The of eveningguaranteed with delivering news health coverage the plan new it by everyone from the Republican Ar- are the backbone of these markets. the poor. If such suggestions get ap- people on food assistance and foodies alarmed. The money will go to the diets, and farmers might start grow- the majority with secure insurance nothing.nothing. Next Next April, April, when when the the tax tax in American diets — could endfresh upwhich produce.and dairy haven’t. products, Millions which ofwho childrenwillhave pay longfor the machines,genocide which orones famines. that crush small Time farmers andfinally and getmention support from workersthe farm trained to use nold Schwarzenegger to the Demo- The Agricultureshutting Department out the small has farmers who proved, hundreds of millions more who (like me) don’tmoving carryOver all the the centralized paststigma 15 industrialof years, redemption farms most that states atbill. Morefear peopleing they evenwould eat better-tastingwill healthier lose the varieties, bulk ofwhile the getting thethemselvesother placesrest covered. group, dedicated As and a re- the their to lives selling families? of eighttruly The local chil- Butlittlefor farmers’ the in Darfur, farm markets bill I’m could skeptical are bringwhere that locally the ei- maygaveplan cover is to accumulating. Darfur’s 5 percent genocide of And the best duringstate of at all, all proposed rules that would reallocate There’s a big catch, though: small can cost as much as $1,500 and incur waste fuel. NICHOLASNICHOLAS D.D. KRISTOFKRISTOF penaltypenalty kicks kicks in in (refusers (refusers will will lose lose are the backbone of these markets. enjoyeddollars could thebe spent muscle every year of on well-financedcash they end up eagerthe toagain,have spend. checkout But switched we’vesupply counter. supermarkets, seen from that The paper they theWIC say — coupons humanthe pro-diets, andfarm farmersthem?confident bill might of help findingstart grow- they a market. the get majority now, with andsult, secure it be has insurance hadmost strongdren.food, equitablepublic or People approval. help way the donated sharplyto help more farmer’s increasing than billgrown can best food serveto places cooks that — want a fre- and first,it offers but as a job-basedmechanism health that cancare absorb dis- crat John Edwards to a major new WIC benefits nowThe restricted Agriculture to Department eggs farmers has fresh might produce. not reap the windfall. steepwho will monthly pay for servicethe machines, fees, which not toones thatSo: crush Help small small farmers farmers and anding the even better-tastingMany other varieties, programswhile proposed getting the restExperience covered. As witha re- delivering the new ther human rationality or interna- oftheirtheir last personal personalyear — compared tax tax exemption), exemption), with 23 min- you you proposed rules that would reallocate lobbies,There’s a big to catch, fruits though: small and can vegetables, cost as much as10 $1,500consciencefor and foodincur waste stamps just fuel. isn’t to pricked debit cards, by mass re- Without card readers, farmers twicenumber as of much people money struggling to help to save feed integrates,change. Thethe plan guaranteed can take healthin howev- plan business coalition take the same and dairy products,Reading which have long Over1:Corby “Save the past Kummer, 15 years, the most Darfur a states seniormention editorPuppy” workers at gram, trained to which use places still dedicated uses paper, to selling truly willconfident localshut offor findingThe the out a farm market. of more bill those could new bringsult, who it locallyhas hundreds had strong plandie public is of accumulating. approval.markets And maybest of beall, to urge legislators quentlytionalneed it, lawwell-financed, like can schools achieve always and much hospitals. opin- unless uteswillwill hearhear for the aboutabout false it.it. AsAs confession enrollmentenrollment in andand the enjoyed the muscleWIC benefits of well-financed now restricted tohave eggs switchedwhichfarmers might from haven’t. not paper reap the coupons Millions windfall. them? steep of children monthly service suffering, fees, not to whileSo:food, Help or ansmall help individual farmers the sharply and the increasing childMany othergrown programs food to proposed places thatExperience want and with it delivering offers a themechanism new that can absorb er maymany cover necessary. 5 percent of the state at tack. People don’t want the mess we and dairy products, which have longTheOver Atlantic the past 15Monthly, years, most statesis themention author workers of trainedmostmoving tolikely use the placesdo stigmathe dedicated same. toof selling redemption Most truly localfarm- at millions.fear they The will proposals loseplan is the accumulating. at bulk the Agri- ofAnd thebest ofto all,one themselvessupport child goodas to and programshelp their save families? eight. already in The ionatedbackedBut farmers’ special-interest by a public markets outcry. are group where that the JonBenet Ramsey case. lobbies, to fruits and vegetables, for food stamps to debit cards, re- Without card readers, farmers number of people struggling tofor feed the farmneed bill couldit, like bring schools locally and hospitals. change. The guaranteed health plan costscosts in in the the guaranteed guaranteed plan plan rise, rise, enjoyed the muscle of well-financed have switched from paper coupons them? (or puppy)food, in or help distress the sharply causes increasing ourgrown food to places that want and it offers a mechanism that can absorb Thefirst, reformbut as job-based has its health hurdles, care no dis- have — not families, not employers which haven’t. Millions of children moving“The the Pleasures stigma of redemption of Slow at Food.’’fear they will lose ers, thethe bulk of checkout ofcourse, the themselves don’t counter. take and The their plastic WIC families? — pro- TheculturefarmBut farmers’ Department bill markets help they are and where get in the now, themay farm and cover be 5the percentmost farmLikewise, of equitablethe bill, state like remember at waythe Farmers’ to help how farmer’s Mar- people shouldbillOne canstart experiment best acting serve like underscored one. cooks — a Ø fre-the thereIf President will also be Bush intense and public the global pres- lobbies, to fruits and vegetables, for food stamps to debit cards, re- Without card readers,hearts farmers to flutter.number of people strugglingSaveSave to feed need it, like thethe schools and hospitals.theDarfurDarfur change.less The guaranteed healthPuppyPuppy plan there will also be intense public pres- and not health professionals. 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The Atlantic Monthly,Corby Kummer, is the author a senior of editormost at likelygram,Finally,Finally, do whichthe same. still we’rewe’re uses Most paper, beginningfarm-beginning will millions.shut to to out Theunder-under- of those proposals new less hundredsless at the willing willing Agri- of markets to to to support maygive give be good into in urge theprograms the legislators third third already sce- sce-quently in well-financed,thationatedthat 30,000 30,000 special-interest always we children children opin- care. integrates, group die die that the daily daily planer can many of of take the the necessary.in howev-NATONATO rapid-response rapid-response capability, capability, toside).side). donate Those Those to the who who needy did did were math math first donated donated asked slaughterployerployer contribution contribution of hundreds (currently (currentlyof thousands just just of most likely do the same. Most farm- millions. 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Next Some April, residents when are the angry tax accept, however, there is a second PresidentPresident Bush, Bush, other other leaders leaders and and presentedpresented as as part part of of a a broader broader pat- pat- inging thatthat thisthis numbernumber willwill shockshockabout peo-beingpeo- madetect”tect” to buy as as health a a legal legal cov- basis basis to to stop stop atroci- atroci- theSoSo emotions) maybemaybe whatwhat or to wewe perform needneed isn’tisn’t math betterbetter cal- hopeButBut this thisis that isis what whatwe can aa real realbe galvanized systemsystem isis by for:for: a version, the money would go to a par- NICHOLAS D.about KRISTOF being made to buy health cov-Moussa attracted donations in the penaltyabout being kicks made in (refusers to buy health will lose cov- option, a fallback: we could guaran- thethe American American public public to to respond respond to to tern.tern. pleple into into action. action. But Buterag e the the— 6 percent opposite oppositeerag of incomee — is 6is ispercent notties.ties. of (The income(The Genocide Genocide is not InterventionIntervention Net-Net- culationslawslaws butbut moremore (to troubledtroubled prime their consciencesconsciences rational —— puppygatheringgathering in distress. everyone everyone in in and and enabling enablingØ ticular girl, Rokia, a 7-year-old in nothing. Next April,nothing. when Next the tax April,same when proportions. the tax Then another theirerag personale — 6 percent tax exemption), of income youis not tee coverage for today’s children — thethe genocide genocide in in Sudan: Sudan: a a suffering suffering EvidenceEvidence isis overwhelmingoverwhelming thatthat hu-hu- true:true: thethe moremore victims,victims,penalty kicks thethe in lessless (refusers com-com- will loseworkwork and and the the Enough Enough project project are are pricked, perhaps, by a Darfur puppy thethe hardhard choices.choices. NICHOLASNICHOLAS D.D. KRISTOF KRISTOFMali; in another, to 21 million hungry baby kidnapping in 1932 penalty (which kicks ingroup (refusers was will asked lose to donate to Rokia pricked, perhaps, by a Darfur puppy willnothing. hear about Next it. April,As enrollment when the and tax for their lifetime. It could be through puppypuppy withwith bigbig eyeseyes andand floppyfloppy ears.ears. mansmans respondrespond toto thethe sufferingsuffering ofof indi-indi- Menckenpassion.passion. describedtheir as personal the tax “thetheir exemption), personalbig- you taxworkingworking exemption), onon these these you things.)things.) withwith bigbig eyeseyes andand floppyfloppy ears.ears. OnceOnce wewe TheThe approach approach is is not not just just a a crazy crazy Africans; in a third, to Rokia — but will hear about it.will As enrollment hear about and andit. As enrollmentMoussa andtogether. 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U.N. Security Security Council, Council, shouldshould call call ABC ABC News. News. A ABC’s ABC’s Note news news to ReadersRomney is running from parts of it). them in. Either way, the subsidies re- larger tapestry of global hunger. ployer contributionsure (currently to increase justdren, the minimum and contributions em- dropped off. surewill to hear increase about it. the As minimum enrollment em- and Finally, we’re beginning to under- understandunderstandless willing to give whywhy in the peoplepeople third sce- ——that good,good, 30,000 childrencon-con- die down dailydown of theaa wellwellNATO inin 1987, rapid-response1987, oror thethe capability, LindberghLindberghside). 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People prepared public aliketo aredonate unmoved to by Rokia the or to a hungrybusiness boy coalition take the same FRIDAY Paul Krugman and David BrooksIfIf it’s it’s still still too too much much for for people people to to In one experiment, psychologistsThe more who die tional law can achieve much unless toutes donate for the to false Rokia confessionfers or a toviable in a the hungryway forward. boy either to talk about babies (to prime fellow humans, maybe our last, best suffering, while an individual child scientiousThat’s people the implication — aren’tone moved vation? ofchild a Aas seriesfollow-up toby help saveallowedumns:viduals eight. students nytimes.com/opinion. ratherto donate tothan the needy groups. were first askedThinkslaughter of save ofnest hundredsIn the on one lifeof Fifththousands experiment, of one Avenueof child inpeople— or, New tack.in in Yorkan- People one thedon’tliticaleither GenocidewantBut, the to mechanismsfrankly, mess talk Convention we about after babies to fouraccomplish force (to years prime our of minutesfellowfind such of humans, evening a soulful maybe news dog coverageour in last, peril, best it we byMassachusetts everyone from the idea Republican (though Ar- Mitt asked ordinary citizens to contribute $5$5 toto alleviatealleviatewe care. hungerhunger abroad.abroad. InIn oneone backed by a public outcry. JonBenetnamed Ramsey Moussa. case. BothIf it’s still Rokia too much for and people to accept,accept, however, however, there there is is a a second second Atul Gawande, a surgeon at Brigham (or puppy) in distress causes our toLikewise, donate to Rokia remember or to a hungry how peopleboy either to talk about babies (to prime fellow humans,named maybe our Moussa. last, best Both Rokiahave — and not families, not employers SATURDAY Bob Herbert and Gail Collins* $5 to alleviate hunger abroad. In onegenocideof studies or by famines.psychologists Timenamed trying Moussa. and to Both Jointhe Rokia thetoddler and Conversation JessicaOne experiment McClureReaders underscored fallingcan theotherCity.groupIf President group, could A single Bushthe donate livesand accept, thehomelessto of aglobal however, $300,000 eight there chil- hawk fund is a secondhandsthethe emotions)emotions) to confront oror toto genocide. performperform mathmath cal-cal- hopehope isis thatthat wewe cancan bebe galvanizedgalvanized byby aa noldRomney Schwarzenegger is running from to the parts Demo- of it). hearts to flutter. version,version,the thelessthe moneymoney wouldwould gogo toto aa par-par- the emotions) or to perform math cal- hope is thatMoussa we can be galvanized attracted by a donationsand in not thehealthlittle professionals.watching in Darfur, This the of- I’m U.N. skeptical Security that Council, ei- gaveshould to Darfur’s call ABC genocide News. ABC’sduring news all option,option, aa fallback:fallback: wewe couldcould guaran-guaran- and Women’s Hospital and a New version, the money would go to a par-again,understand we’ve why seen people that thewere—Moussa good, asked human attracted tocon- save donations Rokiasend from in columnists the star- limits oftheir rationality. comments: People prepared Moussapublic alike attracted are unmovedoption, donations by a fallback: the we in could the guaran-culations (to prime their rational puppy in distress. Ø cratReform John Edwardsplans recently to a major put forward new In one experiment, psychologists down a wellculations in 1987, (to prime or the their Lindbergh rational puppy indren. distress.arousedfor medical People more donatedtreatments Ø indignationtee coverage more that for than today’sfers than would a viable two children wayther —culationsthe forward.So, humanInternational yes, (towe rationality should prime Criminal develop their or interna-Court rational early- and of puppyjudgmentlast year in distress. — can compared be assessed with by23 min- the 11Ø Yorker staff writer, is the author of ticular girl, Rokia, a 7-year-old in ticularticular girl, girl, Rokia, Rokia, a a vation? 7-year-old 7-year-oldsame A proportions. follow-up in in allowed Then another students to donate to the needy were first asked sameslaughtersame of proportions. proportions. hundreds of thousands Then Then of another another *Gail Collins’s column will begin teeintee July. coverage coverage for for today’s today’s children children — — asked ordinaryMali; citizens in another, to contribute to 21 million hungryconsciencescientiousbabywe kidnapping care. just people inisn’t 1932 — pricked (which aren’tto groupdonate by moved wasmass to askedRokia by to or donate tonytimes.com/timesselect. a hungry to Rokia boy twicesave as the much life of money onefor childtheir to lifetime. help— or, It could saveIf in it’s bean- still through too much for people to businessby everyone coalition from the take Republican the same Ar- Mali;Mencken in described another, as the to “the 21 big- million hungry babybaby kidnapping kidnappingeither to talk in in about 1932 1932 babies (which (which (to prime millionfellow humans, homeless maybe ourSudanese. last, best tionalwarningthe Genocide law cansystems achieveConvention for much genocide, accomplish unless pre- utesminutes for the of falseevening confession news coverage in the it for their lifetime. It could be through the new book “Better.” He is a guest $5 to alleviateAfricans; hunger abroad.in a third, In to one Rokia — but Mali; in another, to 21 millionnamedand Moussa hungry Moussa. together. Both ButThe donors Rokia felt andmore who die groupgroup waswas askedasked privatetoto donatedonate insurance totoaccept, or throughRokiaRokia however, a Medi- there is a second for their lifetime. It could be through suffering,genocidegest story since while the or Resurrection”). anfamines. individual Time child and the emotions) or to perform math cal-onehope child is that as we to can help be galvanized save eight. by a tack.nold People Schwarzenegger don’t want the to mess the Demo- we version, the moneyshe was would presented go to asa par- a victim of a Africans; in a third, to Rokialess good —about but supportingMenckenMencken two chil- described described as as the the “the “the bigbig- otherAdvocates group, for the thecare lives poorplan of that ofteneight familiesoption, note chil- must a fallback: enrollbackedparelittle we could inby an Darfur, a guaran- Africanpublic I’m outcry. Union, skeptical U.N. that and ei- JonBenetgave to Ramsey Darfur’s case. genocide during all private insurance or through a Medi- columnist this month. Africans;Even the right in animala third, evokes to a MoussaRokia attracted— but donations in the A Note to Readersandand MoussaMoussa together.together. But But donorsdonors feltfelt private insurance or through a Medi- larger tapestry of global hunger. (oragain, puppy) we’ve in distress seen that causes dren, the and human contributions our dropped off. culations (to prime their rational puppy in distress. them in. EitherØ way,tee the coverage subsidies forre- today’s children — havecrat — John not families, Edwards not to a employers major new ticular girl, Rokia, a 7-year-old in similar sympathy. A dog stranded on same proportions. Thengest anotherstory since the Resurrection”). Likewise,dren. People remember donatedquired are how more very people much than within ourther human rationality or interna- of last year — compared with 23 min- Not surprisingly, people werebaby less she kidnappingshe was was presented inpresented 1932 (which as as a a victim victim“Our capacity of of a toa feelgest is limited,” storythe sinceThe theless Op-Ed Resurrection”). columnists now appear on the followinglessless good schedule:good aboutabout supportingsupporting twotwo chil-chil- One experiment underscored the If President Bush and the global carecare plan plan that that families families must must enroll enroll Mali; in another,likely to to 21 give million to anonymous hungry millionsheartsconsciencea ship to aroused flutter. sojust much isn’t pity pricked that group wasby massasked to donate to Rokia means. for their lifetime. It could be through AA NoteNote toto ReadersReaders andbusiness not health coalition professionals. take theThis sameof- Menckenlarger described tapestry as the “the of global big- hunger.Paul Slovic of the UniversityEven of Ore- the right animal evokes a weretwice asked as muchto save money Rokia tofrom help star- save tional law can achieve much unless utes for the false confession in the them in. Either way, the subsidies re- Africans; in athan third, to Rokia.to Rokia But — they but were also larger$48,000 in tapestry private money of was global spent and hunger.gon Moussa writes in together. a new journal But EvenThedonors article, felt the more right animal who evokes die a dren,dren, andand contributionscontributionsWe might droppeddropped evenprivate pass off.off. the insurance fallbacklimits or through of rationality. a Medi- People prepared public alike are unmoved by the them in. Either way, the subsidies re- gest storyInsuffering, since one the experiment, Resurrection”). while an individual psychologists child SUNDAY Maureen Dowd, Thomas L. Friedmanvation?one and child FrankA follow-up Richas to help allowed save eight. students ferstack. a viable People way don’t forward. want the mess we she was presented as a victim of a tryingNot to rescuesurprisingly, it — and that was people be- less“Psychic goodwere about Numbing less supporting andsimilar similar Genocide,” two chil- sympathy.sympathy. AA dogdog strandedstranded onon plan first. Then, care while plan we are that to sty- familiesbackeddonate must to by the a enroll public needy outcry.were first asked slaughterJonBenet of Ramseyhundreds case. of thousands of quiredquired are are very very much much within within our our Not surprisingly, people were less we MONDAYcare. Nicholas D. KristofA Note and Paul toKrugman Readers“Our“Our capacity capacity tomied to feel feel fighting is is about limited,” limited,” how to fix the larger tapestry of global hunger. Evenasked(or fore the theordinary puppy)right Coast animal Guard in citizensstepped evokes distress in. aAnd todren, contributewhich causes and discusses contributions our these experiments. dropped off. to donateLikewise, to Rokia remember or to a hungry howthem peopleboy in. Either way, the subsidiesTheThe re- Op-EdOp-Ed columnistscolumnists nownow appearappear onon thethe followingfollowing schedule:schedule: Ifhave it’s — still not too families, much for not people employers to Not surprisingly,TimesSelect: people wereSightlines: less similarlikelylikely sympathy.after I began toto A givegivevisiting dog stranded toDarfurto anonymousanonymous in on 2004, Professor millionsmillions Slovic argues athata ship shipwe can- aroused arousedtheTUESDAY so soless much muchDavid Brooks pity pity and Bob that that Herbert Paul Slovic of therest, University there’d be atquired leastof Ore- one are genera- veryeither muchOne to withintalk experiment about our babies underscored (to prime the fellowIf humans, President maybe Bush our and last, the best global means.means. Mixed Emotions The Israeli $5 heartsto alleviate to flutter. hunger abroad.“Our In capacity one to feel is limited,” The Op-Ed columnists now appearPaul on the Slovic following of schedule: the tionUniversity that could count of onOre- something accept,and not however, health professionals. there is a second This of- likely to give to anonymous millions a ship thanI aroused was flummoxed to so Rokia. much by the pity public’s But that pas- theynot were depend on also the innate$48,000 morality in privateWEDNESDAY money Thomas was L. Friedman spent andnamed Maureenwere Dowd asked Moussa. to save Both Rokia Rokia frommeans. and star- We might even pass the fallback comic book creator Rutu Modan thansion to save to Rokia.a red-tailed Buthawk, Pale theyPauleven were Slovic of good of also people.the University Instead,$48,000 he of be- Ore- in private money was spent gongon writes writes in in a a new newmore. journal journal article, article, theØlimits emotions) of rationality. or to perform People math prepared cal- hopepublic is that alike we can are be unmovedgalvanized by by a the We might even pass the fallback than to Rokia. But they were also $48,000version, in In private one the money money experiment, was would spent psychologistsgo to a par- THURSDAY Gail Collins* and NicholasMoussa D. Kristof attracted donations inWe the might even pass the fallbackSUNDAYSUNDAY MaureenMaureen Dowd,Dowd, ThomasThomas L.L. 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Ø ticularaskednest on girl, Fifthordinary Avenue Rokia, incitizens New a York 7-year-old “Psychictolitical contribute mechanisms Numbing in and to force Genocide,” our sameto donate proportions. to Rokia Atul or Then Gawande, to a hungry anothera surgeon atboy Brigham MONDAY Nicholas D. Kristof and Paul Krugman tee coverageIf it’s still for too today’s much children for people — to Join the Conversation Readersfore can the Coast Guard stepped in. And fore the Coast GuardSATURDAYMONDAY stepped Bob Herbert Nicholas andin. D. Gail And Kristof Collins* and Paul Krugman mied fighting abouteither how to to MONDAY talk fix the about Nicholas babies (to D. 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Hospital and a New foraccept, their lifetime. however, It could there be is through a second TimesSelect:send columnistsSightlines: their comments:after I beganaroused visitingTimesSelect: more indignation Darfur in than2004,Sightlines: two ProfessorSo, yes, Slovic we should argues develop that early-we can- TUESDAY David Brooks andgroup Bobnamed Herbert was Moussa.asked to Yorkerdonate Both staff Rokia writer,to rest,Rokia is the there’d and author be of at least one genera-TUESDAY David Brooks and Bob Herbert rest, there’d be at least one genera- nytimes.com/timesselect. TimesSelect: Sightlines: Menckenafterafter II beganbegan described visitingvisiting *Gail Collins’s as theDarfurDarfur column “the will inin begin big- 2004,2004, in July. 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Dowd the donationsButnew book donors “Better.”tion in felt thatHe the is coulda guest count on something privateoption, insurance a fallback: or throughwe could a Medi-guaran- comic book creator Rutu Modan AdvocatesMixedMixed for the EmotionsEmotions poor often note TheThepare IsraeliIsraeli an African Union,II was U.N.was and flummoxedflummoxed byby thethe public’spublic’s pas-pas- not depend on thecolumnist innate this month. moralitymore. culations WEDNESDAY (to Ø prime their Thomas rational L. Friedmanpuppy and in Maureendistress. Dowd Ø tiontion that that could could count count on on something something sionshe toticular save was a red-tailed presented girl, hawk, Rokia, asPale a victimeven 7-year-old of good of people.a in gest Instead, story he be-since the Resurrection”).THURSDAY Gail Collins* andless Nicholasnot good depend D. Kristofabout on supporting the innate two morality chil- WEDNESDAY Thomas L. 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And that whichwarningPaul discussesSlovic systems of the these forUniversity experiments. genocide, of Ore- pre- miedthemeans. new fighting book about “Better.” how He to is fix a guest the thanTimesSelect: to Rokia. ButSightlines: they were also after$48,000AdvocatesAdvocates I began in private visiting for for the the moneyDarfur poor poor wasoften oftenin 2004, spent note note parepare an an African African Union, Union, U.N. U.N. and and TUESDAY David Brooks and Bob Herbert rest,columnistcolumnistWe there’d might thisthis be even atmonth.month. least pass one the genera- fallback Professorgon writes Slovic in aargues new journalthat we article,can- SUNDAY Maureen Dowd, Thomas L. Friedman and Frank Rich Mixed Emotions The Israeli I wastrying flummoxed to rescue by it —the and public’sWH thatY D ONwas pas-’T be- PEOPLnot“Psychic E dependACT? 17 Numbingon the innate and moralityGenocide,” WEDNESDAY Thomas L. 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Brooks Yorker staff writer, is the author of nytimes.com/timesselect.umns: nytimes.com/opinion. millionnest onhomeless Fifth AvenueSudanese. in New York warninglitical systems mechanisms for genocide, to force pre- our theAtul new Gawande, book “Better.” a surgeon He isat a Brigham guest SATURDAY Bob Herbert and Gail Collins* Join the Conversation Readers can AdvocatesCity. A singlefor the poor homeless often note hawk parehands an to African confront Union,genocide. U.N. and columnistand Women’s this month. Hospital and a New send columnists their comments: aroused more indignation than two So, yes, we should develop early- *Gail Collins’s column will begin in July. Yorker staff writer, is the author of nytimes.com/timesselect. million homeless Sudanese. warning systems for genocide, pre- the new book “Better.” He is a guest Advocates for the poor often note pare an African Union, U.N. and columnist this month. Nxxx,2007-05-10,A,033,Bs-BW,E1

THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED THURSDAY, MAY 10, 2007 N A33 A Player Who Never Found His Stage ATUL GAWANDE things at once, sometimes meaning élan and ambition to make a differ- fewer and fewer areas over which religious conviction. Maybe. Com- Curing By A. N. Wilson nothing at all. Expecting the various ence, he has made no impact what- British politicians, perhaps any poli- mentators make much of Mr. Blair’s parties in Northern Ireland to negoti- ever. One of his weirdest displays of ticians, have control in today’s religion, but it has never been an is- ate with such solidly Aristotelian fig- world. sue of public importance in Britain, LONDON oratory — delivered this time by Mr. The LITTLE over a decade af- ures as Margaret Thatcher simply Blair in his role as semi-tearful re- The economy in Britain has been and it has made no obvious impact wasn’t fair. Her word was her bond. ter he came in as the vivalist preacher — was that he so successful over the last decade be- on his policies. (Abortion, the rights Of course, both sides became en- of gay couples to marry and adopt young hope of a New would “heal the wounds” of Africa. cause politicians have at long last trenched behind barricades not only had so little to do with it. Our Bank of children, the rights of religious Britain, Tony Blair, That was Blair the Redeemer. System of barbed wire but of discourse. England, rather than our Treasury, schools to determine their own cur- who is expected to an- Then there was Blair the Efficient, Mr. Blair, however, is a bound- has controlled the interest rates. The riculum — in all these areas the laws The American health insurance nounce his resignation who told us he would improve the lessly superficial person, and he was largely non-British City of London, enacted by the Blair government system is a slow-creeping ruin, dam- dateA today, is a figure vilified and educational system, transportation, perfectly happy to swim about in the most of whose firms and institutions have gone against the expressed aging people and increasingly the loathed by his own party and disliked hospitals: in all these areas, Britain weird world of Irish politics where are now in American, German or views of the Roman Catholic Church, employers that hire us. Yet there is by people in Britain at large. words could mean anything you Japanese control, is the bubbling to which his wife belongs and which another truth as well: the vast ma- There is, however, one good legacy liked. Most of his sentences would be center of British wealth, and has it is rumored he wishes to join.) jority who have decent coverage are he bequeaths us, and we should not untranslatable. They were even de- For Tony Blair, nothing to do with Mr. Blair or his Iraq has been a fiasco, but I think happy with the care we get — I am be ungenerous in recognizing it. That livered in quite different accents, as likely successor, Gordon Brown, the he got involved in the calamity be- writing this, for instance, as I sit with is peace in Ireland. Both sides in the though he was more than one person, chancellor of the Exchequer. cause, once again, he is superficial, my 11-year-old son waiting for an Northern Irish dispute hate the Eng- which in a way he is. peace in Ireland is To make an impact — and there is decent and brave. The superficiality M.R.I. to check the cardiac repair lish, and both have good reason to do This multifaceted quality was very no doubt that Mr. Blair wanted to made him think it would be a quick that has saved his life for a decade. so. This hatred was a substantial rea- useful in Ireland. He is a naturally too little, too late. make an impact as prime minister and easy operation, like the military So most have resisted large-scale son successive British prime min- pleasant, polite person. And he has — he could play on only two stages: action in 2000 in Sierra Leone, where change, fearing that it could make isters, many of them doing their very courage. These qualities have been the theater of Europe as a member the British Army nipped in and out to some lives worse, even as it makes best to undo the mistakes of the past, an essential ingredient in the Irish is in a parlous state, with railway ac- of the European Union, and that of remove a rogue warlord. others better. got nowhere with the Irish. peace process. They have led to the cident rates reminding us of the 19th the wider world as an acolyte of the Alas, his disregard for truth — in- And the truth is it could. But the hatred was only part of the Alice in Wonderland situation we century and true literacy levels United States. He quickly discovered deed it seems very unlikely he even There are two causes of human reason. Another was the phenom- now have, in which the government much lower than those of the Victori- that Europe was too amorphous for quite knows what truth is in this case fallibility — ignorance and ineptitude enon of language. The Ireland of of Northern Ireland has been placed ans. As many as one-quarter of Brit- him to stand out beside the bigger — led him to think it did not matter — and health system change is at James Joyce, Samuel Beckett, Oscar in the hands of two sworn enemies — ish parents now pay for ruinously ex- players, especially beside the presi- what reason he gave for sending in risk of both. We could err from igno- Wilde, Ian Paisley and Gerry Adams the extreme Protestant minister Ian pensive private education for the dent of France, Jacques Chirac. It the troops. You have to concede that rance, because we have never done is a place where words bounce, and Paisley and the former I.R.A. guer- children. That is the measure of Mr. was inevitable that he would emerge he has been brave in his unwavering anything remotely as ambitious as changing out a system that now in- fly and sing, often meaning several rilla Martin McGuinness. Blair’s success with the schools. as the Odd Man Out of Europe, the support for the war, but not so brave volves 16 percent of our economy In other areas of British life, Being a man of quick though skin- one who supported President Bush in as the many people who have died as and every one of our lives. And we A. N. Wilson is the author, most re- where you might have expected a deep intelligence, Mr. Blair found out his Middle Eastern adventures. a result of his and President Bush’s could err from ineptitude, under- cently, of “Betjeman: A Life.” politician of Mr. Blair’s apparent very quickly that there are in fact Some people think he did so out of calamitous mistake. Ø estimating the difficulties of even the most mundane tasks after reform — like handling all the confused phone calls from those whose coverage has changed; ensuring that doctor’s ap- pointments and prescriptions don’t Less Green at the Farmers’ Market fall through; avoiding disastrous cost overruns. ket Promotion Program and Com- Health systems are nearly as com- By Corby Kummer munity Food Projects. These could plex as the body itself. They involve equip farmers with card readers, an hospital care, mental health care, doctor visits, medications, ambu- BOSTON essential first step, and finance other lances, and everything else required N the five years since the last ingenious projects to help small to keep people alive and healthy. Ex- farm bill was passed, the num- farmers thrive. perts have offered half a dozen more ber of farmers’ markets in this Concerned cooks (and everyone rational ways to finance all this than country has grown to nearly else) should urge increases for edu- the wretched one we have. But we 4,500 from 2,750, gladdening cation programs that tell people how cannot change everything at once the hearts of foodies who like and where to use food stamps. Only without causing harm. So we dawdle. Inothing better than seeing locally 56 percent of people eligible for food We don’t need to, though. It is pos- grown Chioggia beets, butter radish- stamps get them, and most of those sible to alter our system surgically es, Early Girl tomatoes, miniature enough to minimize harm while still pattypan squash, chervil, fresh goat channeling us onto a path out of our cheese logs and duck breast in a con- misery. veniently located market. We have to help Option 1 is a Massachusetts-style Some of the best customers of reform, which follows a strategy of farmers’ markets, though, haven’t small growers get shared responsibility. Enacted state- been free-spending foodies, but food- wide last year, the law has four key aid recipients. Happily, the new farm wired. components. It defines a guaranteed bill before Congress has several pro- health plan that is now open to all le- posals to vastly increase food aid to gal residents without penalty for pre- the poor, including two programs existing conditions. Using public dol- that allow them to buy at farmers’ recipients don’t know that the lars, it has made the plan free to the markets. stamps can be used at farmers’ markets. A reason often given for the poor and limited the cost to about 6 That normally would be great for percent of income for families earn- small farmers. Without the guaran- great success of the WIC farmers’ market program is the nutrition edu- ing up to $52,000 a year. It requires teed income from the farm bill’s $15 all individuals to obtain insurance by million Seniors Farmers’ Market cation that comes with it. Yes, supermarkets may well get year end. And it requires businesses Nutrition Program and the separate with more than 10 employees to help $25 million Farmers’ Market Nutri- the great majority of increased benefits for fresh produce. But a small cover insurance or pay into a state tion Program (part of the food aid fund. program for families known as slice of a much larger pie could amount to as much as or more The reform gives everyone a re- WIC), some small growers would be sponsibility. But it leaves untouched out of business, and many others money than farmers’ markets now would be reluctant to sell in low- Tim Lane get from food-assistance programs. income neighborhoods where fresh And the new money available for produce is otherwise a rarity — would be entitled to $6 a month for and, market managers say, they bill would let food-aid recipients buy fruit and vegetables would mean that “food deserts.’’ produce. And in its initial proposals have seen their sales plummet with fruits and vegetables wherever they “specialty crops” — the kind we actu- A better way on But, it turns out, new efforts to en- for the new farm bill, the Bush ad- the switch from paper. can find them. That means super- ally think of as food, as opposed to courage food-aid recipients to eat ministration suggested making The need for farmers to enter the markets — which remain the most crops like corn, soy and cotton that health care is well more fruits and vegetables — which available $200 million, starting next cashless economy is obvious. Wire- convenient place to buy produce. get the much criticized multibillion- are calamitously underrepresented year, to buy fruits and vegetables for less card readers will benefit both Farmers’ market advocates are dollar commodity subsidies — would within our means. in American diets — could end up the poor. If such suggestions get ap- people on food assistance and foodies alarmed. The money will go to the finally get support from the farm shutting out the small farmers who proved, hundreds of millions more who (like me) don’t carry all the centralized industrial farms that bill. More people would eat healthier are the backbone of these markets. dollars could be spent every year on cash they end up eager to spend. But supply supermarkets, they say — the diets, and farmers might start grow- the majority with secure insurance The Agriculture Department has fresh produce. who will pay for the machines, which ones that crush small farmers and ing even better-tasting varieties, while getting the rest covered. As a re- proposed rules that would reallocate There’s a big catch, though: small can cost as much as $1,500 and incur waste fuel. confident of finding a market. sult, it has had strong public approval. WIC benefits now restricted to eggs farmers might not reap the windfall. steep monthly service fees, not to So: Help small farmers and the Many other programs proposed Experience with delivering the new and dairy products, which have long Over the past 15 years, most states mention workers trained to use places dedicated to selling truly local for the farm bill could bring locally plan is accumulating. And best of all, enjoyed the muscle of well-financed have switched from paper coupons them? food, or help the sharply increasing grown food to places that want and it offers a mechanism that can absorb lobbies, to fruits and vegetables, for food stamps to debit cards, re- Without card readers, farmers number of people struggling to feed need it, like schools and hospitals. change. The guaranteed health plan which haven’t. Millions of children moving the stigma of redemption at fear they will lose the bulk of the themselves and their families? The But farmers’ markets are where the may cover 5 percent of the state at the checkout counter. The WIC pro- farm bill help they get now, and be most equitable way to help farmer’s bill can best serve cooks — a fre- first, but as job-based health care dis- Corby Kummer, a senior editor at gram, which still uses paper, will shut out of those new hundreds of markets may be to urge legislators quently well-financed, always opin- integrates, the plan can take in howev- The Atlantic Monthly, is the author of most likely do the same. Most farm- millions. The proposals at the Agri- to support good programs already in ionated special-interest group that er many necessary. “The Pleasures of Slow Food.’’ ers, of course, don’t take plastic — culture Department and in the farm the farm bill, like the Farmers’ Mar- should start acting like one. Ø The reform has its hurdles, no question. Some residents are angry about being made to buy health coverage — 6 percent of income is not nothing. Next April, when the tax NICHOLAS D. KRISTOF penalty kicks in (refusers will lose their personal tax exemption), you will hear about it. As enrollment and costs in the guaranteed plan rise, Save the Darfur Puppy there will also be intense public pressure to increase the minimum em- Finally, we’re beginning to under- less willing to give in the third sce- that 30,000 children die daily of the NATO rapid-response capability, side). Those who did math donated ployer contribution (currently just stand what it would take to galvanize nario, in which Rokia’s suffering was consequences of poverty — presum- and polish the “responsibility to pro- less. $295) and clamp down on the costs. President Bush, other leaders and presented as part of a broader pat- ing that this number will shock peo- tect” as a legal basis to stop atroci- So maybe what we need isn’t better But this is what a real system is for: the American public to respond to tern. ple into action. But the opposite is ties. (The Genocide Intervention Net- laws but more troubled consciences — gathering everyone in and enabling the genocide in Sudan: a suffering Evidence is overwhelming that hu- true: the more victims, the less com- work and the Enough project are pricked, perhaps, by a Darfur puppy the hard choices. puppy with big eyes and floppy ears. mans respond to the suffering of indi- passion. working on these things.) with big eyes and floppy ears. Once we The approach is not just a crazy That’s the implication of a series viduals rather than groups. Think of In one experiment, people in one But, frankly, after four years of find such a soulful dog in peril, we Massachusetts idea (though Mitt of studies by psychologists trying to the toddler Jessica McClure falling group could donate to a $300,000 fund watching the U.N. Security Council, should call ABC News. ABC’s news Romney is running from parts of it). understand why people — good, con- down a well in 1987, or the Lindbergh for medical treatments that would the International Criminal Court and judgment can be assessed by the 11 Reform plans recently put forward scientious people — aren’t moved by save the life of one child — or, in an- the Genocide Convention accomplish minutes of evening news coverage it by everyone from the Republican Ar- genocide or famines. Time and other group, the lives of eight chil- little in Darfur, I’m skeptical that ei- gave to Darfur’s genocide during all nold Schwarzenegger to the Demo- again, we’ve seen that the human dren. People donated more than ther human rationality or interna- of last year — compared with 23 min- crat John Edwards to a major new conscience just isn’t pricked by mass The more who die twice as much money to help save tional law can achieve much unless utes for the false confession in the business coalition take the same suffering, while an individual child one child as to help save eight. backed by a public outcry. JonBenet Ramsey case. tack. People don’t want the mess we (or puppy) in distress causes our have — not families, not employers Likewise, remember how people One experiment underscored the If President Bush and the global hearts to flutter. the less and not health professionals. This ofwere asked to save Rokia from star- limits of rationality. People prepared public alike are unmoved by the In one experiment, psychologists fers a viable way forward. vation? A follow-up allowed students to donate to the needy were first asked slaughter of hundreds of thousands of asked ordinary citizens to contribute we care. If it’s still too much for people to to donate to Rokia or to a hungry boy either to talk about babies (to prime fellow humans, maybe our last, best $5 to alleviate hunger abroad. In one accept, however, there is a second named Moussa. Both Rokia and the emotions) or to perform math cal- hope is that we can be galvanized by a version, the money would go to a par- option, a fallback: we could guaran- Moussa attracted donations in the culations (to prime their rational puppy in distress. Ø ticular girl, Rokia, a 7-year-old in same proportions. Then another tee coverage for today’s children — Mali; in another, to 21 million hungry baby kidnapping in 1932 (which group was asked to donate to Rokia for their lifetime. It could be through Africans; in a third, to Rokia — but Mencken described as the “the big- and Moussa together. But donors felt private insurance or through a Medi- she was presented as a victim of a gest story since the Resurrection”). less good about supporting two chil- A Note to Readers care plan that families must enroll larger tapestry of global hunger. Even the right animal evokes a dren, and contributions dropped off. them in. Either way, the subsidies re- Not surprisingly, people were less similar sympathy. A dog stranded on “Our capacity to feel is limited,” The Op-Ed columnists now appear on the following schedule: quired are very much within our likely to give to anonymous millions a ship aroused so much pity that Paul Slovic of the University of Ore- means. than to Rokia. But they were also $48,000 in private money was spent We might even pass the fallback gon writes in a new journal article, SUNDAY Maureen Dowd, Thomas L. Friedman and Frank Rich trying to rescue it — and that was be- “Psychic Numbing and Genocide,” plan first. Then, while we are sty- MONDAY Nicholas D. Kristof and Paul Krugman fore the Coast Guard stepped in. And which discusses these experiments. mied fighting about how to fix the TimesSelect: Sightlines: after I began visiting Darfur in 2004, Professor Slovic argues that we can- TUESDAY David Brooks and Bob Herbert rest, there’d be at least one genera- Mixed Emotions The Israeli I was flummoxed by the public’s pas- not depend on the innate morality WEDNESDAY Thomas L. Friedman and Maureen Dowd tion that could count on something comic book creator Rutu Modan more. Ø sion to save a red-tailed hawk, Pale even of good people. Instead, he be- THURSDAY Gail Collins* and Nicholas D. Kristof kicks off a new series of visual col- Male, that had been evicted from his lieves, we need to develop legal or po- FRIDAY Paul Krugman and David Brooks umns: nytimes.com/opinion. nest on Fifth Avenue in New York litical mechanisms to force our Atul Gawande, a surgeon at Brigham SATURDAY Bob Herbert and Gail Collins* Join the Conversation Readers can City. A single homeless hawk hands to confront genocide. and Women’s Hospital and a New send columnists their comments: aroused more indignation than two So, yes, we should develop early- *Gail Collins’s column will begin in July. Yorker staff writer, is the author of nytimes.com/timesselect. million homeless Sudanese. warning systems for genocide, pre- the new book “Better.” He is a guest Advocates for the poor often note pare an African Union, U.N. and columnist this month. © Gideon Mendel, Corbis. The “Rokia study” demonstrates that when people are shown a single human face, they are more likely to donate than when they are presented with statistics or even the image of two victims.

18 TEACHING REPORTER Reading 2: Psychic Numbing and Genocide11

The following excerpt is from the abstract (summary) of a research paper written by Dr. Paul Slovic, professor of psychology at the University of Oregon. It was published in the academic journal Judgment and Decision Making (April 2007).

Most people are caring and will exert great effort to rescue individual victims whose needy plight comes to their attention. These same good people, however, often become numbly indifferent to the plight of individuals who are “one of many” in a much greater problem. Why does this occur? The answer to this question will help us answer a related question that is the topic of this paper: Why, over the past century, have good people repeatedly ignored mass murder and genocide? . . .

My search to identify a fundamental deficiency in human psychology that causes us to ignore mass murder and genocide has led to a theoretical framework that describes the importance of emotions and feelings in guiding decision making and behavior. Perhaps the most basic form of feeling is affect, the sense (not necessarily conscious) that something is good or bad. Affective responses occur rapidly and automatically—note how quickly you sense the feelings associated with the word “treasure” or the word “hate.” . . . One last important psychological element in this story is attention. Just as feelings are necessary for motivating helping, attention is necessary for feelings.

The behavioral theories and data confirm what keen observers of human behavior have long known. Numerical representations of human lives do not necessarily convey the importance of those lives. . . . The numbers are important, and yet they are not everything. For whatever reasons, images often strike us more powerfully, more deeply than numbers. We seem unable to hold the emotions aroused by numbers for nearly as long as those of images. We quickly grow numb to the facts and the math. Images seem to be the key to conveying affect and meaning, though some imagery is more powerful than others.

Imagery Feeling Helping Attention

Figure 1: Imagery and attention produce feelings that motivate helping behavior.

Probably the most important image to represent a human life is that of a single human face. Journalist Paul Neville writes about the need to probe beneath the statistics of job- lessness, homelessness, mental illness, and poverty in his home state of Oregon, in order to discover the people behind the numbers—who they are, what they look like, how they

WHY DON’T PEOPLE ACT? 19 sound, what they feel, what hopes and fears they harbor. He concludes: “I don’t know when we became a nation of statistics. But I know that the path to becoming a nation—and a community—of people is remembering the faces behind the numbers” (Neville, 2004). . . .

Perhaps there is hope that vivid, personalized media coverage of genocide could motivate intervention. Perhaps. But again we should look to research to assess these possibilities. Numerous experiments have demonstrated the “identifiable victim effect” which is also so evident outside the laboratory. . . . Small, Loewenstein, and Slovic (2007) gave people leaving a psychological experiment the opportunity to contribute up to $5 of their earnings to Save the Children. The study consisted of three separate conditions: (1) identifiable victim [image], (2) statistical victims [facts], and (3) identifiable victim with statistical information [image + facts]. . . . Participants in each condition were told that “any money donated will go toward relieving the severe food crisis in southern Africa and Ethiopia.” The donations in fact went to Save the Children, but they were earmarked specifically for Rokia in Conditions 1 and 3 and not specifically earmarked in Condition 2. The average donations are presented in Figure 2. Donations in response to the identified individual, Rokia, were far greater than donations in response to the statistical portrayal of the food crisis. Most important, however, and most discouraging, was the fact that coupling the statistical reali- ties with Rokia’s story significantly reduced the contributions to Rokia. . . . $2.00 $1.00 DONATIONS IN DOLLARSDONATIONS IN $0 Identifiable STATISTICAL IDENTIFIABLE Life Life WITH STATISTICS

Figure 2: Mean donations when people are exposed to different information.12

Clearly there are political obstacles posing challenges to those who would consider intervention in genocide, and physical risks as well. What I have tried to describe in this paper are the formidable psychological obstacles centered around the difficulties in wrapping our minds around genocide and forming the emotional connections to its victims that are necessary to motivate us to overcome these other obstacles. . . . In this paper I have drawn upon common observation and behavioral research to argue that we cannot depend only upon our moral feelings to motivate us to take proper actions against genocide. That places the burden of response squarely upon the shoulders of moral argument and international law.

20 TEACHING REPORTER Connections

1. What is empathy? What is compassion? When have you felt empathy and/or compassion for something or someone? What provoked this feeling in you? Did you do anything as a result?

2. What does “universe of responsibility” mean? What individuals and groups do you include in your universe of responsibility? Why? How does your universe of responsibility influence the choices you make about how to treat others?

3. Philosopher John Ruskin said, “What we think or what we know or what we believe is, in the end, of little consequence. The only consequence is what we do.” How might Nicholas Kristof respond to Ruskin’s argument? What do you think of this statement?

4. Historian Leni Yahil divides knowledge into three parts: receipt of information, acknowledgment of information, and action based on that information.13 How does Yahil’s division of knowledge apply to the way people have responded to more recent humanitarian crises, such as the genocide in Darfur? What do they think can be done, if anything, to move people from receiving information to acting on that information? How would Nicholas Kristof and Paul Slovic answer this question?

5. What is psychic numbing? Under what conditions is psychic numbing helpful? Under what conditions is psychic numbing harmful? Identify a time when you may have experienced psychic numbing—when you may have felt numb to disturbing information and images. Why do you think you felt numb to this information? What could have been done, if anything, to get you to pay thoughtful attention to this information?

6. According to researcher Paul Slovic, studies show that people are more likely to help one person than many people. How do your observations and experiences support and/or refute Slovic’s findings? According to Paul Slovic and Nicholas Kristof, what galvanizes people to take action on behalf of others? Think about a time when you were motivated to help someone else. What inspired these actions? Based on your own experiences and on research about human behavior, what are five possible ways to galvanize the public to take action on behalf of others?

7. When suggesting what is needed to prevent genocide and mass murder, Nicholas Kristof writes, “[M]aybe what we need isn’t better laws but more troubled consciences.” On the other hand, Paul Slovic argues that “we cannot depend only upon our moral feelings to motivate us to take proper actions against genocide.” He recommends stronger international laws to prevent and stop large- scale acts of violence. What is the relationship between compassion and law? How can empathy (“moral feelings”) and laws be used together to prevent genocide?

8. What has motivated you to feel empathy or compassion for others? In her book High Tide in Tucson (1996), Barbara Kingsolver highlights how art, especially storytelling, can be used to get people to care about others. She writes:

WHY DON’T PEOPLE ACT? 21 The power of fiction is to create empathy. It lifts you away from your chair and stuffs you gently down inside someone else’s point of view. . . . A newspaper could tell you that one hundred people, say, in an airplane, or in Israel, or in Iraq, have died today. And you can think to yourself, “How very sad,” then turn the page and see how the Wildcats fared. But a novel could take just one of those hundred lives and show you exactly how it felt to be that person rising from bed in the morning, watching the desert light on the tile of her doorway and on the curve of her daughter’s cheek. You could taste that person’s breakfast, and love her family, and sort through her worries as your own, and know that a death in that household will be the end of the only life that someone will ever have. As important as yours. As important as mine. . . . Art is the antidote that can call us back from the edge of numbness, restoring the ability to feel for another.14

To what extent do you agree with Kingsolver’s statement? When has art—a movie, play, story, song, painting, etc.—ever motivated you to feel compassion for someone else? Why do you think this piece had this effect on you?

1. Gregory H. Stanton, “About Genocide,” International Association of Genocide Scholars, Genocide Watch, 2002, http://www.genocidescholars.org/about.

2. Quoted in Macief Kozlowski, “The Mission that Failed: A Polish Courier Who Tried to Help the Jews,” in My Brother’s Keeper? Recent Polish Debates on the Holocaust, ed. Antony Polonsky (Routledge, 1990), 83.

3. Nicholas Kristof, “Save the Darfur Puppy,” New York Times, May 10, 2007.

4. Robert J. Lifton, The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide (Basic Books, 1986), 442, http://www.holocaust-history.org/lifton/LiftonT442.shtml.

5. Conversations with History, Robert Jay Lifton Interview, Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley, November 2, 1999, http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people/Lifton/lifton-con3.html.

6. Barbara Kingsolver, High Tide in Tucson: Essays from Now or Never (New York, Harper Perennial, 1996), 232.

7. Leni Yahil, Ina Friedman, and Haya Galai, The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1944 (Oxford University Press, 1991), 545.

8. Kreisler, Harry, “Evil, the Self, and Survival: Conversation with Robert Jay Lifton, M.D.,” Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley, Nov. 2, 1999. http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people/Lifton/lifton-con3.html.

9. Reporter, (00:36:25).

10. Nicholas Kristof, “Save the Darfur Puppy.”

11. Paul Slovic, “If I Look at the Mass I Will Never Act: Psychic Numbing and Genocide,” Judgment and Decision Making, no. 2 (April 2007), http://journal.sjdm.org/7303a/jdm7303a.htm.

12. Chart in Slovic (2007), reprinted from Small et al. (2007), with permission from Elsevier.

13. Leni Yahil, Ina Friedman, and Haya Galai, The Holocaust, 544.

14. Kingsolver, High Tide in Tucson, 231–232.

22 TEACHING REPORTER Investigation Two Should reporters advocate? Exploring the role of journalists

The readings in this investigation have been selected to deepen our understanding of ideas presented in chapters 10 through 13 (46:18–1:01:40) of the documentary Reporter (approximately 15 minutes). In this clip, we are introduced to Yohanita, a dying Congolese woman who becomes the focus for Nicholas Kristof’s editorial “A Student, a Teacher and a Glimpse of War.” Where Kristof sees a subject for his column about the victims of war in Congo, Leana Wen, a medical student, sees a patient in need of care.

Overview

In “A Student, a Teacher and a Glimpse of War,” Nicholas Kristof asks the reader, “How can you walk away from a human being who will surely die if you do so?” Why does he include this language in his editorial? Speaking to journalism students, Kristof mentioned that the goal of his column is to “make people spill their coffee when they read it, then go volunteer or donate” to help solve the problems he writes about.1 Is this the role of a journalist? Should a reporter be in the business of advocacy—of attempting to influence public policy and individual behavior?

In the interview excerpted below, Brooke Gladstone, host of the show On the Media, refers to Kristof as an “advocacy journalist.” According to journalism professor Robert Jensen,

The term “advocacy journalism” typically is used to describe the use of techniques to promote a specific political or social cause. The term is potentially meaningful only in opposition to a category of journalism that does not engage in advocacy, so-called “objective journalism.”2

But just what is meant by “objective journalism”? Brent Cunningham, editor of the Columbia Journal- ism Review, presents the challenges of answering this question:

Ask ten journalists what objectivity means and you’ll get ten different answers. Some, like the Washington Post’s editor, Leonard Downie, define it so strictly that they refuse to vote lest they be forced to take sides. My favorite definition was from Michael Bugeja, who teaches journalism at Iowa State: “Objectivity is seeing the world as it is, not how you wish it were.”3

Communications professor Richard Taflinger understands the desire for “neutral” or “objective” reporting. He explains, “Such objectivity can allow people to arrive at decisions about the world and events occurring in it without the journalist’s subjective views influencing the acceptance or rejection of information.”4

Kristof “flinches” when Gladstone calls him an advocacy journalist. He worries that advocates are perceived as “somebody who goes out and finds evidence to buttress their preexisting convictions.” Advocacy journalist Sean Condon counters this concern by stressing the importance of accuracy. “You still have a responsibility to be telling the truth,” he says, “and if you sacrifice that to advocate

SHOULD REPORTERS ADVOCATE? 23 on behalf of something, you might be doing more damage than help.”5 Kristof maintains a similar approach to his writing. “What I want to do is shine my light to illuminate that problem,” he explains, “but I don’t want to tinker with the evidence. I just want to galvanize people by showing them what is out there.”

“Showing them what is out there,” however, requires making choices about what to include and what to leave out. This is why Taflinger refers to objectivity in journalism as “an unrealizable dream.”6 Robert Jensen agrees with him. He argues:

All reporters use a framework of analysis to understand the world and report on it. But reporting containing open references to underlying political assumptions and conclusions seems to engage in advocacy, while the more conventional approach appears neutral. . . . Accounts of the world, including journalistic ones, must begin from some assumptions about the way the world works. None is neutral.7

If no reporting can be purely objective or neutral, then at what point does an article move from news reporting to advocacy? Where along this continuum would we place Kristof’s work? How do we account for the fact that Kristof is a columnist whose articles appear on the opinion page of the paper? This role may give him more leeway to advocate on behalf of a cause than a traditional news reporter has, a distinction that Rebecca Hamilton, a reporter for the Washington Post, points out. In her role as special correspondent for Sudan, she explains, she is not an activist, even though she cares deeply about stopping the violence in Darfur. Before becoming a reporter, Hamilton spent years working in Sudan and the United States on behalf of victims of the genocide in Darfur. This experience gives her a unique perspective on the role of a reporter. She explains:

As an activist, one of the most valuable tools in my arsenal was quality reporting from those who were perceived as objective. Whoever you are pushing knows you have an agenda and sometimes can discount your claims because of that. Being able to point to objective reporting that backs up your point is very powerful.

Therefore, Hamilton tries to keep her writing as objective as possible. She refers to an article she wrote about the expulsion of aid workers in Sudan that was used by humanitarian organizations and advocacy groups because it “said things that these organizations were unable to say themselves.” By finding hard-to-get perspectives and delivering this information to a broad audience, Hamilton feels she can use her position to help the people in Darfur.

“On so many of the issues that I care deeply about, the reason that they’re not being addressed is simply because they’re not on the agenda. And shining a spotlight and making people uncomfortable about what they see in that spotlight, I think, truly is the first step toward getting more resources and more attention and more energy dedicated to solving them.” 8 – Nicholas Kristof

Reading Kristof’s columns and learning about his method of storytelling gives us the opportunity to get to know one model for how journalists can use their role to confront violence and injustice around

24 TEACHING REPORTER Nxxx,2007-06-21,A,023,Bs-BW,E1

THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED THURSDAY, JUNE 21, 2007 N A23

TIMOTHY EGAN The Seasons RAYMOND PETTIBON Republicans

Nxxx,2007-06-21,A,023,Bs-BW,E1Summer Losing The West THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED THURSDAY, JUNE 21, 2007 N SCOTTSDALEA23,, Ariz.Ariz. He was loud, he was blustery and he was clear: our country is being over- run byTIMOTHY Mexicans. To EGAN back his bark, he wrote, “Whatever It Takes,” as subtle Nxxx,2007-06-21,A,023,Bs-BW,E1 The Seasons as a cactus poke. He had money, and RAYMOND PETTIBON he had the power of office, a 12-year Republicansincumbency. In the end, J. D. Hayworth, a Repub- lican, was kicked out of his Congres- THE NEW YORK TIMES THURSDAY, JUNE 21, 2007 N A23 Nxxx,2007-06-21,A,023,Bs-BW,E1Nxxx,2007-06-21,A,023,Bs-BW,E1OP-ED sional seat here last year. In the Summer glossy Losing white suburbs of Phoenix, im- migrant-bashing backfired. TIMOTHY EGAN Farther south, in a district that is Nxxx,2007-06-21,A,023,Bs-BW,E1THE NEW YORK TIMESTHE OP-ED NEW YORKTHURSDAY, TIMES JUNEOP-ED 21, 2007THURSDAY, JUNE 21, 2007 N A23 N A23 ground zero in the border wars — the The Seasons seared-overThe patch West of Arizona desert where the Minutemen patrol, more RAYMOND PETTIBON SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. RepublicansTIMOTHY EGAN Mayberry than Concord — another TIMOTHY EGAN He was loud, he was blustery and he Nxxx,2007-06-21,A,023,Bs-BW,E1The SeasonsTHE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED THURSDAY, JUNE 21, 2007 N A23 was clear: our country is being over- The Seasons run by Mexicans. To back his bark, he SummerRAYMOND PETTIBON RepublicansLosing wrote, “Whatever It Takes,” as subtle RAYMOND PETTIBON Republicans as a cactusLaughing poke. He had all money, the and TIMOTHY EGAN he had the power of office, a 12-year THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED THURSDAY, JUNE 21, 2007 N A23 incumbency.way to a new SummerThe Seasons TheLosing West In the end, J. D. Hayworth, a Repub- RAYMONDSummer PETTIBON Losing lican, was kickedmajority. out of his Congres- SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. RepublicansTIMOTHY EGAN sional seat here last year. In the He wasThe loud, he was West blustery and he glossy white suburbs of Phoenix, im- The Seasons was clear: our country is being over- migrant-bashing backfired. run by Mexicans. To backSCOTTSDALE his bark,, Ariz. he The West RepublicanFarther south, took in a an district even that harsher is RAYMOND PETTIBON wrote, He“Whatever was loud, heIt wasTakes,” blustery as subtle and he Losing stance. The anti-immigration extrem- Summer was clear: our country is being over- Republicans ground zero in the border wars — the as a cactus poke. He had money, and SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. seared-overist, Randy Graf, patch was of Arizonacrushed. desert run by Mexicans. To back his bark, he He was loud, he was blustery and he he hadwrote, the “Whatever power of It office, Takes,” a as 12-year subtle whereFor the Republicans Minutemen in Arizona, patrol, morethe re- incumbency.as a cactus poke. He had money, and was clear: our country is being over- Mayberrysult was a than net loss Concord of two —Congression- another Summer In hethe had end, the J. power D. Hayworth, of office, a a Repub- 12-year runThe by Mexicans.Losing West To back his bark, he al seats. lican,incumbency. was kicked out of his Congres- wrote, “Whatever It Takes,” as subtle Americans are genuinely conflicted SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. In the end, J. D. Hayworth, a Repub- as a cactus poke. He had money, and and troubled about porous borders sional seat here last year. In the He was loud, he was blustery and he glossylican, white was suburbs kicked out of of Phoenix, his Congres- im- he had the power of office, a 12-year and the 12 million or more illegal im- Raymond Pettibon, “No title (Outside! Caught Inside),” pen, ink and collage on paper, 2007. Courtesy Regen Projects, Los Angeles. Text on the work reads as follows: OUTSIDE! CAUGHT INSIDE. With every going out and wascoming clear: in, with touching our country bottom and is being over- sional seat here last year. In the incumbency. migrantsLaughing in our midst. all But the to hear pol- with coming up for air, or staying in the tube, there is a longing for escape, beyond the sea, for a lifting, from time to time, ofof thethe actualactual horizonhorizon (like(like thethe necessitynecessity underundermigrant-bashing whichwhich thethe painterpainter findsfinds himself,himself, backfired. withwith hishis lastlast tube,tube, toto setsetrun aa windowwindow byThe Mexicans.oror openopen ddoorway To in Westthe back his bark, he background of his picture). glossy white suburbs of Phoenix, im- In the end, J. D. Hayworth, a Repub- iticians who have been scorched by Farthermigrant-bashing south, in backfired. a district that iswrote, “Whatever It Takes,” as subtle lican, was kicked outSCOTTSDALE of his Congres-, Ariz. the blowhard fringe tell it, they’re fac- groundFarther zero in south,the border in a district wars —that the isas a cactus poke. He had money, and way to a new sionalHe was seat loud, here he was last blustery year. Inand the he ing a tidal wave of opposition to a con- seared-overground zero patch in the of border Arizona wars desert — thehe had the power of office, a 12-year glossywas clear: white our suburbs country of is Phoenix, being over- im- sensus change in the status quo. whereseared-over the Minutemen patch of Arizonapatrol, desertmoreincumbency. majority. where the Minutemen patrol, more migrant-bashingrun by Mexicans. backfired. To back his bark, he Last week, Senator Trent Lott, the Mayberry than Concord — another In the end, J. D. Hayworth, a Repub- Mayberry than Concord — another wrote,Farther “Whatever south, inIt Takes,” a district as thatsubtle is Republican whip, blamed talk radio lican, was kicked out of his Congres- groundas a cactus zero poke.in the He border had money,wars — and the for the possibly fatal collapse of the Nxxx,2007-06-21,A,023,Bs-BW,E1 sional seat here last year. In the seared-overhe had the power patch of of office, Arizona a 12-year desert Republicanimmigration took reform an bill. even harsher glossy white suburbs of Phoenix, im- whereincumbency. the Minutemen patrol, more stance.“Talk The radio anti-immigration is running America,” extrem- he Laughing all the migrant-bashing backfired. ist, Randy Graf, was crushed. THE NEW YORK TIMES THURSDAY, JUNE 21,The 2007 EmpireN Slate Laughing all the MayberryIn the end, than J. D. Concord Hayworth, — a anotherRepub- told The Times. “We have to deal with The Empire SlateA23 OP-ED Farther south, in a district that is lican, was kicked out of his Congres- thatFor problem.”Republicans in Arizona, the re- needed to fight for their home state, nent’s platform. The criticism took. and labor. So the boss, in an effort to groundDeweysional zero seatwould in herethe prevail border last over year.wars President — In the the sult was a net loss of two Congression- needed to fight for their home state, nent’s platform. The criticismTIMOTHY took.EGAN and labor.way Soway the to boss, to a ainnew newan effort to Dewey would prevail over President Just a few years out of probation for By Charles Euchner seared-overglossy white patch suburbs of Arizona of Phoenix, desert im- al seats. The Seasonswhich nominees usually take for The Democratic party splintered. get rid of his young nemesis, helped Franklin Roosevelt. But Dewey used praising the Old Confederacy vision of majority. wheremigrant-bashing the Minutemen backfired. patrol, more Americans are genuinely conflicted RAYMOND PETTIBONgranted. (In all four races with can- And Lincoln prevailed. to engineer majority. Roosevelt’s selection as his base in New York to battle Roose- a Paleolithic senator, Mr. Lott knows Republicans MayberryFartherLaughing than south, Concord in a all district — the another that is and troubled about porous borders HAMDEN,, Conn.Conn. didates from the same state, the win- While subsequent elections with President William McKinley’s run- velt, making the race closer than what it’s like to be burned by free ground zero in the border wars — the and the 12 million or more illegal im- Raymond Pettibon,ILLIONS “No title of (Outside! voters Caughtner Inside),” of pen, the ink home and collage state on paper, also 2007. won Courtesy the Regensame-state Projects, Los Angele presidentials. Text on the work candidates reads as follows: OUTSIDE!ning mate CAUGHT in INSIDE. 1900. With With every McKinley’s going out and comingmany in, with thought touching bottom possible. and Though Dew- speech friction. But he is wrong to con- with coming up for air, or staying in the tube, there is a longing for escape, beyond the sea, for a lifting, from time to time, of the actual horizon (like the necessity under which theRepublican painter finds himself, took with an his even last tube, harsher to set a windowseared-over or openway doorway patch into the ofa Arizonanew desert migrantsfuse the in medium our midst. with But the to electorate. hear pol- background changeof his picture). partySummer affili- election.) Nearby states also became have not rivaled the Lincoln-DouglasLosing assassinationRepublican took in 1901, an Roosevelt even harsher be- ey won just 12 of 48 states, he was stance. The anti-immigration extrem- where the Minutemen patrol, more iticiansThe whofront have lines beenof this scorched problem by are ation every year, up for grabs. With the candidates race in either import or spirit, they camestance. ist,president. TheRandy anti-immigration Graf, was crushed. extrem- competitive in 14 other key states. Mayberry majority. than Concord — another thein blowhard the fast-growing fringe tell states it, they’re of the Amer-fac- with little effect on fighting to get control of their base, have come with ties The and entangle- West ist,The Randy twoFor reformers RepublicansGraf, was crushed.— in one Arizona, volcanic, the re- DeweyLaughing held Roosevelt all to lessthe than 53 ingican a tidal West. wave And of theopposition closer to you a con- get to the trench warfare states outside the region usually got ments that have given them a specialSCOTTSDALE, Ariz.the For othersult Republicans was placid a net loss — in of fought Arizona, two Congression- for the the re- percent of the vote in New York and sensus change in the status quo. less attention. And though the candi- dynamic. He was loud, he was blustery and he al seats. four way other Northeastern to a new states and the border, the more voters back poli- of American poli- less attention. And though the candi- was clear: our country is being over-Whitesult was House a net loss in the of two next Congression- election. four other Northeastern states and Last week, Senator Trent Lott, the run by Mexicans. To back his bark, he Americans are genuinely conflicted Republican took an even harsher ticians who are looking for middle tics.M But for the first time since dates often differed substantially on In 1904, Theodore Roosevelt easily Parker’sal seats. role was to get bloodied four Midwestern states. In most of Republican whip, blamed talk radio wrote, “Whatever It Takes,” as subtle and troubled about porous borders stance. The anti-immigration extrem- ground — and punish those who follow Dwight Eisenhower declared him- the issues, they brought to the race beat Alton Parker. asThe a cactus country poke. He hadwas money, withand Americans dignity byare the genuinely popular conflicted young thoseLaughing states,majority. big-city party all machinesthe for the possibly fatal collapse of the he had the power of office, a 12-year and the 12 million or more illegal im- the rant-for-ratings route. Raymond Pettibon, “No title (Outside! Caught Inside),” pen, ink and collage on paper, 2007. Courtesy Regen Projects, Los Angeles. Text on thethe work shared reads as follows: values OUTSIDE! and CAUGHTsensibilities INSIDE. With of everycaptivated going out and coming by in, Roosevelt’swith touching bottom reformistand Republicanand troubled president about porous so the Demo-borders carriedist, Randy the Graf, day forwas Roosevelt. crushed. immigration reform bill. with coming up for air, or staying in the tube, there is a longing for escape,self beyond a Republican the sea, for a lifting, in from 1952, time to it’s time, possible of the actual horizon (like the necessity under which the painter finds himself, with his last tube, to set a window or open dincumbency.oorway in the migrants in our midst. But to hear pol- In just the last six years, Arizona’s background of his picture). their states. zeal. Roosevelt took Inon the every end, J. D. Hayworth,major a Repub-cratsand theiticianscould 12 regroupmillion who have or for more been another scorchedillegal day. im- by IfFor the Republicansway news to media ina Arizona, new had reported the re- “Talk radio is running America,” he Raymond Pettibon, “No title (Outside! Caught Inside),” pen, ink and collage on paper, 2007. Courtesy Regenthat Projects, one man’sLos Angele news. Text on political the work reads label as follows: OUTSIDE! CAUGHT INSIDE. With every going out and coming in, with touching bottomlican, and was kicked out of his Congres- sult was a net loss of two Congression- population grew by 20 percent, Neva- with coming up for air, or staying in the tube, there is a longing for escape, beyond the sea, for a lifting, from time to time, of the actual horizon (like the necessity underAs which the painter Lincoln-Douglas finds himself, withThe his last battle tube, to set aproblem windowEmpire or open of dtheoorway times in thesional — seat from hereSlate trusts last year. In themigrantsThethe situation blowhard in our played midst. fringe telloutBut it,a to littlethey’re hear dif- pol- fac- Roosevelt’s failing health, if Dewey told The Times. “We have to deal with could truly transform a presidential The situation played out a little dif- Republican took an even harsher background of his picture). glossy white suburbs of Phoenix, im-iticiansing a who tidal havewave of been opposition scorched to a con- by al seats. da’s by 25 percent, Colorado’s by 10 showed, same-state candidates com- to the environmentmigrant-bashing to labor backfired. condi- ferently in 1920, setting up not a re- stance.had more The anti-immigrationmajority. experience as a extrem- governor that problem.” campaign. sensus change in the status quo. Americans are genuinely conflicted percent and New Mexico’s by 7.5 per- neededpletely to changefight for the their political home calculusstate, nent’stions platform. — and The projected criticismFarther south, American took. in a district and thatformist the is labor. blowhard presidency So the fringe boss, but tellin aan it,corrupt effortthey’re one.to fac-Deweyist,(he Randy had would servedGraf, prevail was less crushed. overthan Presidenttwo years), Just a few years out of probation for When Michael Bloomberg ground zero in the border wars — the Last week, Senator Trent Lott, the and troubled about porous borders cent. These four states may be the big- By Charles Euchner which nominees usually take for The Democratic partyseared-over splintered. patch of Arizona get desert ingrid a of tidal his waveyoung of nemesis, opposition helped to a con-Franklin Roosevelt. But Dewey used praising the Old Confederacy vision of switched his party affiliation from for the whole election, from the nomi- WarrenRepublican Harding whip, owed blamed his talk Repub- radio orFor if Republicansthe contest hadin Arizona, not taken the place re- gest battleground in next year’s presi- granted. (In all four races with can- And Lincoln prevailed.where the Minutemen patrol,to more engineersensus change Roosevelt’s in the status selection quo. as hisand base the in 12 New million York or to more battle illegal Roose- im- a Paleolithic senator, Mr. Lott knows Raymond Pettibon, “No title (Outside! CaughtRepublican Inside),” pen, ink to and independent collage on paper, on2007. Tues- Courtesy Regennation Projects, process Los Angele tos. Text the on the general work reads elec- as follows: OUTSIDE! CAUGHT INSIDE.Mayberry With every than going Concord out and — another cominglican in, forwithnomination touching the possibly bottom to and fatalJames collapse Cox’s of se- thesultinmigrantsRepublican was wartime, a net in ourloss took Roosevelt midst. of two an ButCongression- even might to hear harsher have pol- dential race, with 29 electoral votes — with coming up for air, or staying in the tube, there is a longing for escape, beyond the sea, for a lifting,didates from time from to time, theof the same actual horizon state, (like the the win- necessity underWhile which the subsequent painter finds himself, elections with his last with tube, to setPresident a windowLast or open week, William doorway Senator in McKinley’sthe Trent Lott, run- thevelt,al seats. making the race closer than what it’s like to be burned by free background of his picture). day, he coyly openedHAMDEN the door, Conn. for a tion. lectionimmigration as the Democratic reform bill. nominee. beeniticiansstance. beatable. The who anti-immigration have been scorched extrem- by more than Florida or Ohio. ner of the home state also won the same-state presidential candidates ningRepublican mate“Talk in 1900. radio whip, Withis blamedrunning McKinley’s America,” talk radio hemany thought possible. Though Dew- speech friction. But he is wrong to con- historic electionILLIONS in 2008. of voters If Mr. Starting with their famous debates When presidential “As Ohio goes, so goes the Union,” theist,AmericansDewey’s Randyblowhard Graf, are New fringe genuinelywas York tell crushed. it, career conflictedthey’re bore fac- Hispanics make up 28 percent of Ar- The Empireelection.) Slate Nearby states also became have not rivaled the Lincoln-DouglasLaughing all theassassinationfor thetold possibly The in Times. 1901, fatal “We Roosevelt collapsehave to deal be- of with theey won just 12 of 48 states, he was fuse the medium with the electorate. Bloomberg useschange his fortuneparty affili- to fi- in the 1858 race for the Senate seat went the old saying. In the elections andtheing For troubleda imprint tidal Republicans wave of about Roosevelt’s of opposition in porous Arizona, bordersactivism. to the a con- re- izona, 24 percent of Nevada, 20 per- up for grabs. With the candidates race in either import or spirit,way to they a newcameimmigration president.that problem.” reform bill. competitiveand the 12 million in 14 or other more key illegal states. im- The front lines of this problem are Raymond Pettibon, “Noneeded title (Outside! to fight Caught fornance Inside),” their home apen, third-party ink state, and collageationnent’s campaign,on paper, every platform. 2007. year,Courtesy and The if Regen criticismfrom Projects, Illinois, Los took. Angele Lincolns.and Text labor. on theused workSo theDouglas’s reads boss, as follows: in an OUTSIDE! effortnominees to CAUGHTDewey INSIDE. would With prevail comeevery going over out andPresident comingsince in, with the touching Civil bottom War, and Ohio has voted Electedsensussult was change governora net loss in the ofin statustwo1942, Congression- Deweyquo. decent of Colorado and 43 percent of fighting to get control of their base, have come with ties and entangle- The“Talk twoJust reformers radio a few is yearsrunning — outone ofAmerica,” volcanic, probation forheDeweymigrants held in ourRoosevelt midst. Butto less to hear than pol- 53 in the fast-growing states of the Amer- By Charles Euchnerwith coming up for air,which or staying The nominees in the tube, thereHillary usually is aEmpire longing Clinton take for escape, for withand beyond The Rudolph little the Democratic effectsea, Giulianifor a Slatelifting, on party fromprominence time splintered. to time, of the to actualget create horizonrid of (likehis openings theyoung necessity nemesis, for under which helped the painterFranklin finds himself, Roosevelt. with hismajority. last But tube, Dewey to set a window usedfortold or winners open Thepraising d oorwayTimes. allthe in the Old but“We Confederacy four have times. to deal vision Thewith of velopedal Lastseats. week,a Republican Senator Trentversion Lott, of the the New Mexico. The rap is that they don’t background of his picture). states outside the region usually got ments that have given them a special the other placid — fought for the percentiticians of who the have vote beenin New scorched York and by ican West. And the closer you get to granted. (In all fourwin races the Democraticwith can-the trenchAnd and Lincoln Republican warfare prevailed. himself. He workedto engineer hard, Roosevelt’s for exam- selectionfrom as thehis base same in New York state. to battle Roose-Republicansthat problem.”a Paleolithic did senator, not want Mr. to Lott let knows the NewRepublicanAmericans Deal. whip, are genuinely blamed talkconflicted radio vote. Not yet, at least. But they’re the less attention. And though the candi- dynamic. fourthe blowhard other Northeastern fringe tell it, they’re states andfac- the border, the more voters back poli- neededH toAMDEN fight, Conn.for theirdidates home from state, the samenent’s state, platform. the win-of The AmericanWhile criticism subsequent poli- took. electionsple,and to labor. discredit with So Presidentthe Douglas’s boss, in William anargument effort McKinley’s to Dewey run- wouldvelt, makingprevail over the race President closer White thanDemocrats Housewhat it’s take in like the Ohio to next be without burned election. a by con- free forandThroughout the troubled possibly aboutthe fatal campaign, porous collapse bordersDewey of the fastest-growing part of the electorate. nominations, three serious candi- Republican took an even harsher Just a few years out of probation foring a tidal wave of opposition to a con- ticians who are looking for middle By Charles Euchner whichILLIONS nominees of voters usuallyner of take the home fortics.M stateThe But also Democratic for won the the first same-state party time splintered. since presidentialdatesthatget candidates oftenstatesrid of differed shouldhis ningyoung decide substantially mate nemesis, in the 1900. slavery helped Withon McKinley’sInFranklin 1904, Theodore manyRoosevelt. thought Rooseveltstance. But possible. The Dewey anti-immigration easily Though used extrem- Parker’sDew-test. speech role friction. was toBut get he is bloodiedwrong to con-fourseemedimmigrationand Midwestern the 12 a million paler reform states. shade or bill. more In of mostillegal his oppo- ofim- Still, on the air it’s open war against dates will call New York home. praising the Old Confederacy vision of Raymond Pettibon,election.) “No title (Outside! Nearby Caught statesdates Inside),” alsowill pen, becamecall ink andNew collage Yorkhave on paper,not home. rivaled 2007. Courtesy the Lincoln-Douglas Regen Projects, Los Angeleassassinations. Text on the work in reads 1901, as Rooseveltfollows: OUTSIDE! be- CAUGHTey won INSIDE. justist, WithRandy12 of every Graf, 48 goingwas states, crushed. out and he coming was in, fusewith touching the medium bottom andwith the electorate. sensus change in the status quo. ground — and punish those who follow change partywith coming affili- up for air, or staying in the tube, there is a longing for escape, beyond the sea, for a lifting,the from issues, time to time, they of the brought actual horizon to (like the the race necessity underbeat which Alton the painterParker. finds himself,TheFor country with Republicans his last was tube,in Arizona, to setwith the a window re- dignity or open d oorway by the in the popular young thosemigrants“Talk states, radio in big-city our is midst.running party But America,” machines to hear pol- he the browning of America — tinged granted. (In all four races with can-DwightAndCandidates Lincoln Eisenhower prevailed. from declared the same him- state questionto engineer for themselves. Roosevelt’s When selection Doug- as mighthis base overseas. in New York The to twist battle is Roose- that aWith Paleolithic The Harding’s front senator, lines nomination, of Mr.this Lottproblem knows the are nent. He disappointed followers by the rant-for-ratings route. ation everybackground year, of his picture).up for grabs. With the candidates race in eitherThe importthe or shared spirit,Empire they valuescame and president.sensibilities Slate of captivated bycompetitive Roosevelt’ssult inwas 14a reformist net other loss of two key Congression- states.Republican president so the Demo- carriedtolditiciansLast The week,the whoTimes. day Senator havefor “We Roosevelt. been Trenthave scorched to Lott, deal the with by with slurs that disrespect all Hispan- HAMDEN, Conn. didates from the same fightingstate, the to win- get controlselfhave a WhileRepublican of faced their subsequent base, each in 1952, have other it’s elections come possible only with four with ties andlasPresident won entangle- the Senate William seat, McKinley’s Lincoln nev- run- Parkervelt, making himselfDewey thehad held al strong race seats.Roosevelt closer reformist to less than thanRepublicans 53whatin it’s the fast-growing like neutralized to be states burned any of the bypoten- Amer- free not attacking Roosevelt over party In just the last six years, Arizona’s with little effect on The two reformers — one volcanic, Americans are genuinely conflicted Republican whip, blamed talk radio ics. Consider Hayworth, who gives he- ner of the home state also won thethatsame-state one man’s presidential new political candidates label theirerning stopped states. mate fighting. in 1900. In With 1859, McKinley’s he called zeal.many Roosevelt thought took possible. on every Though major Dew-cratstialspeech could Democraticican friction. regroup West. And But advantagefor thehe another is closer wrong in youday. to Ohio. get con- to andIfthatthe the blowhard laborproblem.” news corruption, fringe media tell had court it, they’re reported packing, fac- ics. Consider Hayworth, who gives he- ILLIONS of voters the trench warfare states outside the timesregion inusually presidential got ments elections. that have The given them a special the other placid — fought bonafides. for the percent of andthe troubledvote in about New porous York borders and for the possibly fatal collapse of the population grew by 20 percent, Neva- needed to fight for their home state, Asnent’s the platform. Lincoln-Douglas The criticism battle took. problemand labor. of the So timesthe boss, and— the fromin 12 anmillion efforttrusts or more to illegal TheDeweyim- situationthe would border, playedprevail the more out over voters a little President back dif- poli-Roosevelt’singJust a tidal a few wave failing years of health,oppositionout of probation if Dewey to a con- for lium a bad name. Ousted from his election.) Nearby statesRaymond also Pettibon, became “No title (Outside!could Caughthave Inside),” truly not pen, ink transform andrivaled collage on paper, the 2007. aCourtesy Lincoln-Douglas presidential Regen Projects, Los Angeles. Text onDouglas theassassination work reads as follows: “the OUTSIDE! most in CAUGHT 1901,dangerous INSIDE. With Roosevelt every going enemy out and coming be- in, with touchingey bottom won and just 12 of 48 states, he was Hardingfuse the medium appealed with for the a electorate. “return to Social Security and military pre- change party affili- less attention. Andfirst though such the candi- time, thedynamic. 1860 race in White House in the next election.Indeed, four the other outlines migrants Northeastern of in our the midst. 1904But states to hear andpol- immigration reform bill. da’s by 25 percent, Colorado’s by 10 of By American Charles poli- Euchnerwith coming up for air, or staying in the tube, there is a longing for escape, beyond the sea, for a lifting, from time to time, of the actual horizonThe (like the necessity Democratic under which the painter finds party himself, with splintered.his last tube, to set a window or open doorway in the sensus change in the status quo. seat, he now uses the megaphone of a background of his picture). which nominees usually take for showed, same-state candidates com- to get the rid environment of his young to nemesis, labor condi- helped ferentlyFranklinTheticians in front 1920,Roosevelt. wholines setting are of But lookingthis up Dewey problem not for a re- middleused arehadpraising more experiencethe Old Confederacy as a governor vision of tics.M But for up the for first grabs. time sinceWith thedates candidates often differedcampaign.whichrace substantially in Abraham either on import LincolnIn 1904, or defeated spirit, Theodore they a Rooseveltofcame liberty, easilypresident. becauseParker’s the most role insidious was to get election bloodiedcompetitive werefour set in Midwestern 14seven iticians other years who states. key have earlier, beenstates. In scorched mostnormalcy” by of after Woodrow Wilson’s paredness“Talk radio before is running Pearl America,” Harbor. he percent and New Mexico’s by 7.5 per- ation every year, Phoenix talk station to promote his so- the issues, they broughtgranted. to the(In raceall fourbeat races Alton with Parker. can- ThepletelyAnd country Lincoln change was prevailed. thewith political dignity calculus by the populartionsto young engineer — andthose Roosevelt’s projected states,the big-cityblowhard American selection fringe party tell it,machines as they’reformist fac-hisin thebase groundpresidency fast-growing in New — and York but punish states a to corrupt battlethose of the who Roose- one. Amer- follow(hea hadPaleolithicLast served week, senator,less Senator than Mr. Trent two Lott years), Lott, knows the Phoenix talk station to promote his so- Dwight Eisenhowerfighting declared to get control him- of their base, fellowWhenhave come Illinoisan, Michael with Stephen ties Bloombergand The Douglas, entangle- one.” EmpireThe two reformers — one volcanic,SlateinDewey 1897, whenheld Roosevelt the Republicaning a tidal to waveless of thanopposition Party 53 to a con-activist Democratic presidency, toldDewey The Times. acknowledged “We have to that deal Roose- with cent. These four states may be the big- with little effect on the rant-for-ratings route. lution: all undocumented immigrants the shared values anddidates sensibilities from the of samecaptivated state, the by Roosevelt’swin- for theWhile reformist whole subsequent election,Republican from elections the president nomi- with so thePresident Demo- carried William the sensus McKinley’sday changefor Roosevelt. in the status run- quo.Warren velt,ican making West. Harding And the owed the race closer his closer Repub- you get than toor whatRepublicanif the it’scontest like whip, had to be blamednot burned taken talk place by radio free lution: all undocumented immigrants self a Republicanstates in 1952, outside it’s possible the regionHAMDEN usually, Conn. gotswitchedwasments the that his most partyhave consequential given affiliation them a from of special all. theLincoln’s other placid attacks — won fought him for more the machinepercent of Thomasthe vote inPlatt New suffered York and a World WarIn just I and the lastthe bittersix years, fight Arizona’s over thatvelt’s problem.” activism, in New York and be- gest battleground in next year’s presi- the trench warfare their states. ner of the home state also won the ning mate in 1900. WithLast week, McKinley’s Senator Trent Lott, many the thought possible. Though Dew- speechfor the friction. possibly But fatal he is collapse wrong to of con- the would be given 120 days to leave the that one man’s new political labelILLIONS of voters needed to fight for theirzeal. home Roosevelt state, took nationonnent’s same-stateevery platform.process major presidential to crats The the could criticism general regroup candidates elec-took. for anotherand labor.day. So theIf the boss, newsRepublican in an media effort whip, hadblamed to reported talklicanDewey radiothethe Leaguenomination border, would of prevailthe Nations. tomore James over voters PresidentCox’s back se- poli-in wartime, Roosevelt might have dential race, with 29 electoral votes — of American poli- less attention. And though the candi-RepublicanThedynamic. other tothree independent — involving on the Tues- New headlinesWhite House — and in provoked the next specula- election. devastatingfour other defeat Northeastern in New York states City. and the Leaguepopulation of Nations. grew by 20 percent, Neva- yond,immigrationJust a shaped few years reform his out career. ofbill. probation “I am fora di- country — or face a massive, forceful could truly transformBy Charles a presidential EuchnerAs the Lincoln-Douglaselection.) Nearby battle statesproblem also of became the timestion. —have from not trusts rivaled Thethe situationLincoln-Douglas played out a littleassassination dif- Roosevelt’s in 1901,for failing the Roosevelt possibly health, fatal collapse be- if Deweylection of ey theticians won as just thewho Democratic 12 are of looking 48 states, nominee. for he middle was beenfuse beatable. the medium with the electorate. more than Florida or Ohio. tics.M But for the first time since dates often differedchange substantially party affili- onday,whichYorkers heIn nominees1904, coyly Theodore Theodore opened usually Roosevelt the Roosevelt door take and for easilyfor aAl- ThetionParker’s Democratic that he role might was party make to splintered. geta good bloodied can- getPlatt’sfour rid of Midwestern candidateshis young nemesis, states.immigration for mayor In reform helped most bill. and ofFranklinWithoutda’s Roosevelt. by a 25 fellow percent, But Ohioan Dewey Colorado’s inused bythe 10praisingrect“Talk lineal the radio Olddescendant isConfederacy running of America,” F.D.R. vision withof he roundup and deportation. showed, same-state candidates com- to the environment to labor condi- ferently in 1920, setting up not a re- had more experience as a governor The front lines of this problem are campaign. ation every year, historicgranted.up for (In election grabs. all four With in races 2008. the with candidates If can- Mr. AnddidateStartingrace Lincoln in for eitherwith president. prevailed. their import famous or spirit, debates they toWhen came engineer president. Roosevelt’s presidential“Talk selection radio is running as America,”“Ashisrace,competitive heground base Ohio percent Coxin goes,— New and would and in York so punish 14 New goes have otherto Mexico’s thosebattle the easily key Union,”who Roose- by states. 7.5follow won per- Dewey’s New York career bore Hispanics make up 28 percent of Ar- Dwight Eisenhower declared him- the issues, they broughtpletely to the change race theton beat political Parker Alton calculus in Parker. 1904, Thetionsthe The Ohioans —country andEmpireThe War- projectedwas didatewith American EmpireSlate dignityfor president. formist by the presidency popular Slate but young a corruptmanythose one. otherstates,(he offices hadbig-city served toldwere Theparty less Times. cast thanmachines “We out have two by to years),deal withrace, Cox would have easily won a outPaleolithictold Thethe Times. personal senator, “We charm,” Mr.have Lott to deal heknows said,with Right. And this would be done, no in the fast-growing states of the Amer- When Michael Bloomberg fighting to get control of their base, in have the 1858 come race with for ties the andSenate entangle- seat The two reformersthat — problem.” one volcanic, wentDeweythe the rant-for-ratingscent. oldheld These saying. Roosevelt four In states route. the to may lesselections bethan the 53big-the imprint of Roosevelt’s activism. izona, 24 percent of Nevada, 20 per- the shared valueswith andAMDEN little sensibilitiesfor the effect whole on election,ofBloombergdidatesrencaptivated fromHarding from the uses thenomi- byand same Roosevelt’s his James fortunestate, Cox the reformist toin win- 1920, fi- WhileRepublicanWhen subsequent Douglas presidentWarren took elections the Harding so Democrat- the with Demo-owed hisPresident ancarried Repub- electorate the Williamor dayif the unhappy for contest McKinley’s Roosevelt. had with not run- party taken placevelt,Ohio making and built the a strong race closerbase in than near- whatwryly it’s referring like to beto the burned Chicago by freeTrib- doubt, by the same people who self a Republican in 1952, it’sswitched possible his party affiliation fromH , Conn. statesneeded tooutside fight for their the home region state, usuallynent’s platform. got The criticismments took. thatand have labor. given So the boss, them in an efforta special to Dewey wouldthe prevail other over placidPresident — Just fought a few years for out of the probationpercent for In gestjust of battleground thethe last vote six in in years,New next year’sYork Arizona’s presi-and icanthat problem.” West. And the closer you get to theBy trench Charles warfareEuchner which nominees usually take for The Democratic partyfrom splintered. Illinois,get Lincoln rid of his young used nemesis, Douglas’s helped Franklin Roosevelt.nominees But Dewey used praising come the Old Confederacy visionsince of the Civil War, Ohio has voted Electedspeech friction. governor But in he 1942, is wrong Dewey to con-decent of Colorado and 43 percent of that one man’s new politicalRepublican label totheir independent states. onILLIONS Tues- nation of voters process nancener toand needed thezeal. of a generalthe thethird-partyRoosevelt to home fight New elec- statefor took Yorkers campaign, their alsoon everyhome won Franklin and state,major the if same-stateicnent’scrats nomination, could platform. presidential regroup licanthe The Republicans nomination for criticism candidatesanother to need- took.day.Jamesning Cox’scorruption.and If mate labor.se- the inin newsSo 1900. wartime, the mediaboss, With Roosevelt in McKinley’s had an effort reported might to many havebyDewey states. thoughtdential would Cox race, possible. prevailhad with a stellar 29 Thoughover electoral Presidentrecord Dew- votes as — une’stheJust border, coverage a few the years moreof his out voterscareer. of probation back poli- for couldn’t stop a single tuberculosis car- lessgranted. attention. (In all four racesAnd with though can- And the Lincoln candi- prevailed.prominencedynamic. to to engineer create Roosevelt’s openings selection asfor his base Whitein New York House to battle Roose- in thea Paleolithic next senator, election. Mr. Lottfor knowsfour population winners other all Northeasterngrew but by four 20 percent, times. states The Neva- and veloped a Republican version of the New Mexico. The rap is that they don’t AsBy the Charles Lincoln-Douglasof Euchner Americantion. battle poli- Hillaryelection.)Rooseveltwhichproblemdidates Clinton from nomineesNearby the of andsame theand state, states Thomastimes Rudolph usuallythe win- also— from DeweyGiulianibecameWhile take subsequenttrusts for in have electionsedThe aThenot candidateDemocratic with rivaledsituationPresident lectionthe to played William Lincoln-Douglas battleparty as McKinley’s out the Douglas splintered. a Democratic little run- dif- invelt, assassination making nominee.getRoosevelt’sOne rid the race ofof been closerhis the in failingyoung beatable. thansurprise 1901,what nemesis, health,Roosevelt it’s Democratic like toif helped be Dewey be- burned byey freegovernor,Franklin wonmore just Roosevelt. than 12with ofFlorida 48 reforms states,But or Ohio. Dewey heof was ruralused fusepraisingIt the is medium unclear the Old withwhat Confederacy the Hillary electorate. visionClinton, of rier from entering the country. could truly transform a presidentialday, he coyly opened the doorchange for a party affili-HAMDEN, Conn. dates often differed substantially on In 1904, Theodore Roosevelt easily Parker’s role was to get bloodied fourda’s Midwestern by 25 percent, states. Colorado’s In most by of 10 ticians who are looking for middle vote. Not yet, at least. But they’re the tics.M But for the first timeStartingILLIONS since with of voters wintheirup ner for thefamous of the grabs.Democratic home debates state With also and won theWhen the Republican candidatessame-state presidential presidentialhimself.race candidates in either He workedning import mate“As in hard, Ohio 1900. or With goes,spirit, for McKinley’s exam- so they goesmany thefromcame thought Union,” possible.president. the ThoughDewey’s sameDew- speech New friction. state. York But he career is wrong Republicans competitiveto bore con-schools,Hispanics labor, indid 14budget not make other want up and key28 to percentpublic let states. the ofad- Ar-NewThe Deal. front lines of this problem are campaign. historic electionshowed, in 2008.same-state Ifation Mr. candidates every year, com- 1944granted.to the — were environment(In alsoall four tinged races to by labor thewith intra- condi-can- WesternAndferently Lincoln states in 1920,prevailed. like setting Illinois. up As not Doug- a re- winnerstohad engineer more that experience Roosevelt’syear includedfuse the as medium selection aParker, governor with the electorate. as a schools,his base labor,in New budget York to and battle public Roose- ad- Rudolphgrounda Paleolithic — Giuliani and senator, punish and those Mr. (maybe) Lottwho knowsfollow Mi- The syndicated talker Neal Boortz change party affili- election.) Nearby states also became have not rivaled the Lincoln-Douglas assassination in 1901, Roosevelt be- ey won just 12 of 48 states, he was percent and New Mexico’s by 7.5 per- fastest-growing part of the electorate. Dwight Eisenhower declaredin the 1858 him- race forthe the issues, Senate they seat brought to the race ple,beat to discreditAlton Parker. Douglas’swent theThe old countryargument saying. wasIn the electionswith dignitythe imprint by the The of popular Roosevelt’sfront lines of young this activism.problemDemocrats thoseare izona,states, take 24 big-city percentOhio without party of Nevada, machines a con- 20 per-in Throughoutthe fast-growing the campaign,states of the Dewey Amer- Bloomberg usespletely his fortunechange with to the fi- littlepolitical effectation calculus every on year,nominations,fightingmuraldidatestionsup for grabs.rivalry. to —from get With andthree the control the projectedsame candidates serious of state, theirrace Americancandi- the in base, either win- importhave orlas’sformist spirit,While come they constant presidency subsequentcame with president. ties antagonist, but and elections a entangle-corrupt Lincoln with one.competitivecandidatePresidentThe(he in two 14had other reformersserved key Williamfor states. chief less — McKinley’s than justiceone volcanic,two of years), run- the Deweyministration,velt, held making Roosevelt roads the raceand to lessprisons. closer than than53 chaelthewhat rant-for-ratings it’s Bloomberg like to be will route. burned have by to free say chuckles at the human collision along When Michael Bloomberg HAMDEN, Conn. fighting to get control of their base, have come with ties and entangle- Dewey held Roosevelt to less than 53 in the fast-growing states of the Amer-cent. These four states may be the big- Still, on the air it’s open war against nance a third-partyself a Republicancampaign, and in if1952,from it’swith Illinois,possible little effect Lincoln dates onstatesthe used willshared outside Douglas’scall values New the regionYork and home.sensibilities nomineesusually got of thatments comecaptivated states that shouldhave byThe twogivensince Roosevelt’s decide reformers thethem the— Civil one a slavery reformistvolcanic, special War, Ohio hasRepublican voted Elected president governor so thein 1942, Demo- Deweytest.percent carriedde- cent of the the of day vote Colorado for in Roosevelt. New and York 43 percent and ofseemedican West. a paler And the shade closer of you his getoppo- to an advanced border fence. “I don’t switched his party affiliation from for the whole election,the trench from warfare the nomi- nerstatesWhat of outside the changed the home region usually with state got these alsoments wonunusual that have the given themwassame-stateWarren a specialan obvious Hardingthe presidential other choice. placid owed — If fought candidatesthe his for Demo- Repub- the percentthestate’sning ofor the other ifvote matethe in Court New placidcontest inYork of 1900. and —Appeals. had ican Withfought not West. McKinley’s Totaken And for the rebuild closertheplace you getmany gest toBut battleground thought Midwesterners possible. in next had Though year’s a choice Dew- presi- aboutspeechIn just one friction. the another’s last But six he recordsyears, is wrong Arizona’s in to New con- an advanced border fence. “I don’t ILLIONSprominence ofthe trench voters warfare to createtheir openingsstates. for zeal. Rooseveltfor took winners on every all but major four times.crats The couldveloped regroup a Republicanthe for border, another the more version day. voters back of poli-theIf theNew newsMexico. media The rap hadis that reported they don’tthe border, the more voters back poli- the browning of America — tinged Hillary Clintonthat and oneRudolph man’s Giuliani new politicalof American label poli-lessless attention. attention. And And though thoughthe candi- thedynamic. candi- questiondynamic. for themselves.White House in the When next election. Doug- four other Northeastern states and fourWith other Harding’s Northeastern nomination, states and the nent. He disappointed followers by care if Mexicans pile up against that Republican to independent on Tues- nation processof to American the general poli- elec- races?Candidateselection.) For Nearby starters, from states the both same also candidates became state cratshavelican nothad nomination rivaled picked thesomeone to Lincoln-Douglas James from, Cox’s say, se-mightWhitetheassassinationin freshly wartime, overseas.House defeated in inRoosevelt The the 1901, ticians Republican next twist Roosevelt who might election. areis looking that Par- have be- for middleandeydential won went race, just with 12with ofthe 29 48 man electoral states, and he votes party was — York.populationfuse the It medium is grew clear, withby though, 20 the percent, electorate. that Neva- each tics.Mchange But forhimself. party the first affili- He time worked since dates hard, often for differed exam- substantiallyfrom on Inthe 1904, Theodore same Roosevelt state. easily Parker’sRepublicans role was to get did bloodied not wantfour Midwestern to let the states.New In most Deal. of vote. Not yet, at least. But they’re the with slurs that disrespect all Hispan- win the Democraticcould truly and Republican transform a presidential havedatesAs facedoften the differed each Lincoln-Douglas other substantially only four battle on lasproblem won the ofSenate the times seat, Lincoln— from nev-trusts ParkerThe himself situation had played strongground out — reformist and a punishlittle those dif- whoRepublicansfour followRoosevelt’s Midwestern neutralized failing states. health, anyIn most if poten- Dewey of notticians attackingThe whofront are lines Roosevelt looking of this over forproblem middle party are fence like tumbleweeds in the Santa day, he coyly opened the door for atics.Mtion. But for the Dwight first Eisenhower timeple, to sincediscredit declared him- Douglas’supthe forissues, argument grabs. they brought With to the race the beat candidates Alton Parker. TheNewraceIn countrylection 1904, York, in was eitherTheodore aswith the the dignity DemocratsRepublicans import Democratic Roosevelt by the or popular take spirit, probably nominee. easily youngOhio they withoutthoseParker’s states,ty,camebeen a big-cityBoss con- president.beatable. partyPlatt role machines wasagreed to to get give bloodied the 1898 promisingcompetitivemorefastest-growing than a Florida quieter in 14 or otherpart brand Ohio. of the key of electorate.politics. states. willda’s have by 25 a percent,strong chance Colorado’s to build by 10a ation every year, Throughoutthe rant-for-ratings the campaign, route. Dewey nominations, three serious candi- showed,the shared valuessame-state and sensibilities candidates of captivated com- by Roosevelt’sto reformist the environmentRepublican president to solabor the Demo- condi-carried theferently day for Roosevelt. in 1920, setting up not a re- had more experience as a governor ground — and punish those who follow ics. Consider Hayworth, who gives he- campaign. self a Republican in 1952, it’s possibletimesthe issues, in presidential they brought elections. to the race The erbeat stopped Alton fighting.Parker. InThe 1859, country he called was bonafides.with dignity by the popularIn just the last young six years, Arizona’stialthose Democratic states, big-city advantage party machines in Ohio. andin laborthe fast-growing corruption, states court of packing, the Amer- Ana winds,” he said on Monday. And historic election in 2008. If Mr.DwightStarting Eisenhower with their declared famousthat states debates him- should CharlesfightingdecidetheirWhen states. the Euchner, to slavery get presidential control the author of zeal. their Rooseveltof base,“Ex- took onwouldhave every“As major Ohio comenot have crats goes, with couldtest. nominated soregroup ties goes for and another theLincoln. entangle- day. Union,” If thegubernatorial newsTheDewey’s media two hadseemed reformers reported New nomination a York paler — one career shade to volcanic, the of bore re- his oppo-TheDeweyHispanics campaign Still,held onRoosevelt make the turned air up it’s on28 to open percent theless warnational than against of Ar-53 nationalpercent andcampaign. New Mexico’s And it’s by a 7.5 pretty per- dates will call New York home. thatwith one little man’s new effect political on label tions — and projected American population grew by 20 percent, Neva- the rant-for-ratings route. lium a bad name. Ousted from his When Michael Bloomberg firstthepletely shared As such the change Lincoln-Douglasvalues time, theand the political battlesensibilities 1860 problem race calculus of inofthe timesDouglas — from trusts “the mostThe situation dangerous played out a littleenemy dif- Roosevelt’sformist failing health, presidency if Dewey but a corrupt one. Hardingcarried(he hadthe the appealed served browningday for less Roosevelt. for of than America a “return two years), — tingedto Socialcent.ican West.These Security Andfour andstates the closer military may yoube the pre- get big- to two hosts of something called the “Pa- Bloomberg uses his fortuneCandidates to fi-self in from a theRepublican the 1858 same race in statecouldthe 1952, for truly trench the it’s questiontransform Senate possible warfare a forpresidential seat themselves.traordinarystates When outside Doug- Politics: the regionmight How overseas.usually Protest got Thecaptivated twistmentswentLincoln, is thethat that by oldwho have Roosevelt’s saying. knew givenWith Douglas’s InHarding’sthem the reformist a elections special posi- nomination,Republicanform-mindedIndeed,thethe otherthe imprint the nent. president placid outlinesofRoosevelt. He Roosevelt’s — disappointedda’s so fought byof the 25 the percent, Demo- activism. for 1904 followers Colorado’s the by moodpercent by 10izona, of 24 of weariness percentthe vote ofin toward Nevada,New York Wilson 20 and per- fair bet that each will also have to seat, he now uses the megaphone of a campaign. forshowed, the same-statewhole election, candidates com- fromto the environment nomi- of to liberty, labor condi- becauseferently in the 1920, most setting upinsidious not a re- had moreWarren experience as Harding a governor owedpercent and his New Repub-Mexico’s by 7.5normalcy” per-or if thewith contest afterslurs that Woodrow had disrespect not taken Wilson’s all Hispan-place parednessIn just the before last Pearlsix years, Harbor. Arizona’s triot Radio News Hour” here mocked switched his party affiliationlas won the from Senatewhichtheir seat, states. Abraham Lincoln nev- Lincoln defeatedtions — and a projectedzeal.tionssince American Roosevelt and the Civil weaknesses tookRepublicans War, on every Ohio better neutralized hasmajor thanvoted anyelectioncrats poten- could were regroupnot set attacking seven for yearsanother Roosevelt earlier, day. over partyandIf the the news Democrats. media had Harding reported pre- spendgestthe border, battleground time theand more energy in next voters campaigning year’s back presi- poli- nance a third-party campaign,have and faced ifthat eachfrom one otherIllinois, man’s only Lincoln new of fourWhen politicalAmerican used Michael Douglas’s label poli-Bloomberg andlesspletely Dissentattention.nominees change the are political And Changing calculusParkerthough come himself Americanthe candi- had strongtionsdynamic. reformist and formist weaknesses presidency but a better corrupt one. than(he had WhiteservedElectedPlatt less Housethanquickly governor two years), in regretted the incent. 1942, These next hisfour Dewey election. states choice. may de- be the big-fourcent other of Colorado Northeastern and 43 states percent and of spend time and energy campaigning Phoenix talk station to promote his so- nationfor the whole process election, from to the the nomi- general elec- or if the licancontest hadnomination not taken place to James Cox’s se- in wartime,ics. Consider Roosevelt Hayworth, might who gives have he-population grew by 20 percent, Neva- the Hispanic Games, held last week- times in presidentialRepublicanprominence elections. to to independent switched create The his er openings partystopped on affiliation Tues- fighting. for fromfellowDemocracy,”datesAs In 1859, theIllinoisan, often he Lincoln-Douglascalled differed is writing Stephenbonafides. substantially a book Douglas, battle about on one.”problemanyone,forIn winners1904, of was theTheodoreWarren also alltimestial Harding perfectly but Democratic —Roosevelt fourowed from his positioned times. Repub- trusts advantage easily Thein HeParker’s inThe 1897,veloped Ohio.could situation when notaand role Republican thecontrol playedlabor was Republican corruption,gest Roosevelt toout battleground version geta little bloodied Party court in — dif-nextof the year’sthepacking,activistRoosevelt’s presi-vailed.fourNew MidwesternMexico. Democratic failing The raphealth, states. is presidency, that ifIn Deweythey most don’t of inDeweydentialticians a place race, acknowledgedwho generalwith are 29 looking electoral election that for Roose- votes middle candi- — Hillary Clinton and Rudolph Giulianicouldtics.M truly But transform for the first a presidential time since nation process to the general elec- lican nomination to James Cox’s se- in wartime, Roosevelt might have dential race, with 29 electoral votes — lium a bad name. Ousted from hisda’s by 25 percent, Colorado’s by 10 lution: all undocumented immigrants Republican to independent on Tues- tion. been beatable. end in Phoenix. They suggested first such time,day, thehe coyly 1860 race opened in theDouglas door “the for amostwas dangeroustion. the most enemy consequentialIndeed, of the all. outlines Lincoln’s of the 1904 attackslection Harding as the won Democratic appealed him nominee. more for been a “returnbeatable.lection to as Social the Democratic Security and nominee. military World pre- War I and the bitter fight over velt’smoreground activism, than — andFlorida inpunish New or Ohio.those York who and followbe- win the Democratic and Republicancampaign.Dwighthimself. Eisenhower He workedday, he hard, coylydeclared opened for the exam-him- door forshowed, a suicidethefrom issues, same-state at the the they Golden broughtsame candidates Gate to Bridge. state. the com- race toto beatRepublicans the exploit Alton environment contradications Parker. did not toThe wantlabor country in his to condi- letoppo- was themachineferentlytwowithNew battled dignityDeal. inof 1920,Thomas over by setting the Platt patronage,more popular upthan suffered Florida not a or trustsyoung Ohio. re- a hadthosevote. In more 1944,seat, states,Not experience he yet, no nowbig-city at one usesleast. thought astheparty But amegaphone governor they’remachines Thomas theof apercentdates rarely and New go: Mexico’s Home. by 7.5 per-Ø would be given 120 days to leave the historic electionof liberty, in 2008. because If Mr. theStartingStarting most with insidious withtheir famous their debates famousWhen debates presidentialWhen“As Ohiopresidentialnormalcy” goes, so goes after the Union,” WoodrowDewey’s Wilson’s“As New Ohio York careerparedness goes, bore so before goesHispanics thePearl make Union,” up Harbor. 28 percent of Ar-Dewey’s New York career bore the rant-for-ratings route. “jumping the fence” and “leaving the which Abrahamhistoricple, Lincoln to discredit election defeated Douglas’s in a 2008. argument If Mr. Thepletelythe other shared change three values the— involving politicalandelection sensibilities thewere calculus New set seven of headlinestions yearscaptivatedDemocrats — earlier, —and andby take projected Roosevelt’s provoked Ohio without American specula- reformist a con-devastatingformistRepublicanThroughout presidency defeat president the in but New campaign, a socorrupt York the City. Demo- one. Deweythe(hecarried fastest-growingLeague hadPhoenix served the of dayNations. talk less for partstation than Roosevelt. of to thetwo promote electorate. years), his so-yond,Hispanics shaped his make career. up 28 “Ipercent am a ofdi- Ar- country — or face a massive, forceful nominations, three serious candi- selfWhen a Republican MichaelBloomberg in 1952, one.”Bloomberg uses it’s his possible fortune to fi- in the 1858 race for the Senate seat went theactivist old saying. In Democratic the elections the presidency, imprint of Roosevelt’s activism.Dewey acknowledgedizona, 24 percent of Nevada,that Roose- 20 percent.In These just thefour last states six may years, be Arizona’sthe big- scene of an accident” as competitive fellow Illinoisan,Bloomberg Stephen uses Douglas,nance his a third-party fortune campaign, to fi- and if infrom the Illinois, 1858 Lincoln race used for Douglas’sin the 1897, Senate whennominees the seat Republicantion come that Partyhe mightsince the Civilmake War, a Ohio good has votedcan- Elected wentgovernor the in 1942, old Dewey saying. decent In of the Colorado elections and 43 percentWithoutthe of Still, imprint on a the fellow of air Roosevelt’s it’s Ohioan open war activism. in against the rectizona, lineal 24 descendant percent of of Nevada, F.D.R. with- 20 per- dates will call New York home. switchedthatthat onestates his man’s partyshould new affiliationdecide political the fromslavery label Yorkersfortheir the wholestates. Theodore election, Roosevelt from the and nomi- Al- zeal.test. Roosevelt took on every major Platt’sWarrencratsseemed could candidates Harding a regroup paler owed forshade for mayoranother his of Repub- his and day. oppo-or ifIf the thelution: contest news all undocumentedhad media not taken had immigrants reported place gest battleground in next year’s presi- roundup and deportation. was the most consequential ofHillary all.the Clinton world.Lincoln’s and Rudolph But Giuliani attacks thisfrom prominence is won not Illinois, him the to create more onlyLincoln openings model.machine used for Douglas’sIfof youThomas were Plattdidate a reporter,suffered nomineesfor president. fora winnershowWorld would all War but come four I youand times. the choose The bitterveloped fightto sincea Republicanuse over theyour version velt’s Civil of activism,the War,New Ohio Mexico. in New hasThe rap York voted is that andthey don’t Electedbe- would governor be given in 120 1942, days Dewey to leave de- the centpopulation of Colorado grew by and 20 percent, 43 percent Neva- of events for Latino athletes. Ha-ha. nancequestion a third-party for themselves. campaign, When and Doug- if tonnation himself.Parker process He workedin 1904, hard,to the for exam- Ohioans generalfrom War- elec- the sameproblem state.With of Harding’sRepublicans the times did notnomination, — want from to let trusts the theNew manyDeal.lican nominationother offices to were Jamesvote. Notcast yet,Cox’s atout least. se-by But they’rerace,in thethe wartime, Cox browning would Roosevelt of have America might easily — have won tingedout the personal charm,” he said, Right. And this would be done, no Candidates from the sameThe other state threeRepublicancould — involving truly to transform independentthe winNew the Democratic aheadlines presidential on Tues-and Republican — and provokedmightAs the overseas. specula- Lincoln-Douglas Thedevastating twist defeat is battle that in New York City. the League of Nations. nent.The situation He yond, disappointed shapedplayed his out followerscareer. a little “I dif- am by a Roosevelt’sdi- failing health, if Dewey dentialda’s byrace, 25 with percent, 29 electoral Colorado’s votes by — 10 Democrats are laughing all the way nominations, three serious candi- prominenceple, to discredit Douglas’s to create argument openings for When DouglasDemocrats took take the Ohio Democrat-without a con- Throughoutfor winnersthe campaign, all Dewey butfastest-growing four times. part of Thethe electorate.Ohiovelopedwith and countryslurs built a Republican that a— strong or disrespect face abase versionmassive, inall near- Hispan- offorceful the wrylyNew referring Mexico. The to therap Chicagois that they Trib- don’t Hillarylas won Clinton the Senate and Rudolphpublicseat, Lincoln voice? Giuliani nev- Whatrention.showed, wouldHarding yousame-state and want James to candidates writeCox in about? 1920, com- For towhatRepublicans the purpose? environment neutralized to labor any condi- poten-anlectionferently not electorate attacking as inthe 1920, Democraticunhappy Roosevelt settingStill, withon up the nominee. over air notparty it’s open a party re- war againstbeenhad beatable. more experience as a governor doubt, by the same people who have faced each other onlyYorkers four Theodoreday,campaign. he Roosevelt coyly opened anddates Al- will the call tion door New that York for home.he a might makeParkerthat states a good shouldhimself decidecan- hadthe Platt’sslavery strong candidates reformist for mayor andtest. Without a fellow Ohioanseemed a in paler the shade ofrect his lineal oppo- descendant of F.D.R. with- roundup and deportation. more than Florida or Ohio. to a new Western majority. In 2004, himself. He worked hard, for exam- from the same state. RepublicansNICHOLAS did notD.the KRISTOFwant browning to of let America the — tingedNewics. ConsiderDeal. Hayworth, who gives he- vote.percent Not and yet, New at least. Mexico’s But they’re by 7.5 per-the win the DemocraticCandidates and Republican from the same stateandStartingquestion the for Newthemselves.with their Yorkers When famous Doug- Franklinmight debates overseas. Theic Whennomination, twist is that With presidentialthe Harding’sRepublicans nomination, need- the nent.corruption. “As He disappointed Ohio goes, followers so by goes the Union,” by Dewey’sstates. Cox New had Yorka stellar career record bore as une’s coverage of his career. couldn’t stop a single tuberculosis car- times in presidential elections.ton Parker Thehistoric in 1904,er stopped the election Ohioans fighting. War- in In 2008. 1859,didate If he for Mr.called president.pletelybonafides. change the many political other calculus offices weretionstial cast Democratic out — by and race, projected advantage Cox would American in have Ohio. easilyformistand won labor presidencyout corruption, the personal withbut slurs acourt corrupt that charm,” disrespectpacking, one. heall Hispan- said,(he hadRight. served And less this than would two be years), done, no Hispanics make up 28 percent of Ar- they picked up a Senate and a Con- When Michaelhave faced each Bloomberg other only four las won the Senate seat, Lincoln nev- Parker himself had strong reformist Republicans neutralized any poten- not attackingDemocrats Roosevelt over take party Ohio without a con- fastest-growingcent. These four partstates of maythe electorate. be the big- nominations, three seriousWhen candi-DouglasRoosevelt tookple, the to discreditDemocrat- and Thomas Douglas’s Dewey argument in ed a candidate toOhio battle and built Douglas a strong in basewent Onein near- the of old thewryly saying. surprise referring Inics. Considerthe Democratic to elections the Hayworth, Chicago who gives governor,Trib- he-liumThroughout a bad with name. the reforms campaign, Ousted of from rural Dewey his It is unclear what Hillary Clinton, rier from entering the country. first such time, the 1860ren race Harding inBloomberg switchedandDouglas James “the hisCox uses partymostin histimes1920, dangerous fortuneinaffiliation presidential to elections.enemy from fi- Thein for theer stoppedIndeed,the 1858 whole fighting. race the election,In 1859, for outlines he thean called from electorate Senate ofbonafides. the the seatnomi- unhappy 1904 Harding with party tial appealed Democratic for advantage a “return in Ohio. and to laborWarren Socialcorruption, Securitycourt Harding packing, andowed military his Repub- pre-theor imprintif thedoubt, contest of by Roosevelt’s thehad samenot taken activism. people place whoizona,gest battleground 24 percent of in Nevada, next year’s 20 per-presi- gressional seat in Colorado, with two thatDouglas states “the most should dangerous decide enemy the slavery Harding appealed for a “return to Social Securitytest. and military pre- lium a bad name. Ousted fromschools, seemed hisseat, helabor, a now paler budget uses shade the and megaphone ofpublic his oppo-ad- of a Still, on the air it’s open war against and the Newdatesof liberty, Yorkers will call because Franklin Newfirst York the such mostic time,home. nomination, the insidious 1860 race the 1944from in Republicans — Illinois, were also Lincolnneed- tingedcorruption. used by Douglas’stheIndeed, intra- the outlinesWestern normalcy” of nominees the 1904states afterlikeby states.Illinois. Woodrow come Cox As had Doug- Wilson’s a stellarwinnerssince record the as that Civilune’s year War, coverage included seat, Ohio he of now hasParker, his uses career. voted the megaphone a Elected of a couldn’t governor stop ina single 1942, tuberculosis Dewey de- car-Rudolphcent of Colorado Giuliani and 43(maybe) percent Mi- of The syndicated talker Neal Boortz which Abraham Lincoln defeated ananceRepublican a third-party to independent campaign, on and Tues- if nationelectionof liberty, processbecause were the set most to seveninsidious the general years earlier, elec- normalcy” after Woodrow Wilson’s parednesslicanparedness before nominationPearl Harbor. before to Pearl James Harbor. Cox’s se- in wartime, Roosevelt might have dential race, with 29 electoral votes — Hispanic brothers in cowboy hats. And which Abraham Lincoln defeated a question for themselves. Whenelection wereDoug- set seven years earlier, Phoenix talk station to promote his so-Phoenix talk station to promote his so- the browning of America — tinged Roosevelt and Candidates Thomas Dewey from in theed same a candidate state mural to battleone.” rivalry. Douglas in One of the surpriselas’smight Democratic constant overseas.activist antagonist,governor, Democratic The twist with presidency, Lincoln is reforms thatDewey candidate of acknowledgedWith rural Harding’s for thatIt Roose-chiefis unclear justice nomination, what ofHillary the the Clinton,ministration,nent. rier He from disappointed roads entering and theprisons. followerscountry. by chaelNew Mexico. Bloomberg The rap will is that have they to don’t say chuckles at the human collision along fellow Illinoisan, Stephen Douglas,Hillaryone.” Clinton andfellow Rudolph Illinoisan, Giuliani Stephen Douglas,prominencetion. to create openingsin 1897, when for the Republicanactivist Party Democratic presidency,9 forlection winnersDewey as theacknowledgedall but Democratic fourlution: all times. undocumented that nominee. Roose-The immigrantsvelopedbeen beatable. a Republican version of the more than Florida or Ohio. they did it with counties where an day, he coyly opened the door for a inLincoln’s 1897, attacks when won the him Republican more PartyA Student,World War I and the bitter fighta over Teacher and a Glimpselution: all undocumented of immigrants Warwith slurs that disrespect all Hispan- A Student, a Teachervelt’s activism, in New York and be- and a Glimpse of War 1944 — were alsohave tinged faced by the each intra-was othertheReading mostWestern consequential only states four 3: of like all.“Alas Illinois. wonStudent, theAs Doug- Senate a winnersseat, Teacher Lincolnmachine that year of nev- Thomasand includedwas Platt aParker sufferedanGlimpse Parker, obvious ahimself a choice.schools, hadof strongWar” Iflabor, the reformist budgetDemo- andstate’s publicRepublicans ad- CourtRudolph of neutralized Appeals. Giulianiwould be To given any and rebuild 120 poten-(maybe) days to leave Mi-Butnot the attacking MidwesternersThe syndicated Roosevelt had talker overa Neal choice party Boortzaboutvote. Not one yet, another’s at least. records But they’re in New the an advanced border fence. “I don’t win theLincoln’s Democratic attacks and won Republican him morehimself.WhatheadlinesStarting changedHe — and workedwith provoked withtheir hard,specula- thesefamous for unusual exam-debates fromWorldWhen Warthethe ILeague andpresidentialsame of the Nations. bitter state. fight overyond,Republicans shaped“Asvelt’s his Ohio career. activism, goes, “I did am a notdi- soin wantNewgoes York the to let Union,” and the be-NewDewey’s Deal. New York career bore Hispanics make up 28 percent of Ar- NPR liberal is hard to find. was the most consequentialmural of rivalry. all. historic electionThe inother 2008.threelas’s — involving constant If Mr. the New antagonist,machine Lincolnof Thomascandidate Plattdevastating suffered for chiefdefeat a in justiceNew York City. of the ministration, roads and prisons. chael Bloombergcountry — or will face a havemassive, to forceful saywouldchuckles be given at the 120 human days collision to leave along the ics. Consider Hayworth, who gives he- times in presidentialYorkers Theodore elections. Roosevelt The and Al-races?ertion stopped that For he might starters, fighting. make a good both In can- 1859, candidatesPlatt’s he called candidates crats forbonafides. mayor had and pickedWithout someone a fellow Ohioanfrom, in say, the rect linealthetial descendantfreshly Democratic ofdefeated F.D.R. with- advantage Republican in Par- Ohio. andand went labor with corruption, the man court and packing, party York.fastest-growing It is clear, part though, of the electorate. that each care if Mexicans pile up against that The other three — involving the Newnominations,Bloombergheadlines — usesthree and his provoked serious fortune candi- specula- to fi- ple,indevastating to the discredit 1858 race defeat Douglas’s for in M the NewALEHE argument Senate York,, CongoCongo seatCity. inthe pain, League for of her Nations. buttocks were cov- Democratsimmediatelywentyond, the shaped oldtake saying.agreed hisOhio career.roundup withouttoIn usethe and “I deportation.herelections aam con- vehi- a di- buttheThroughout imprintalso an advanced in muchof the Roosevelt’s campaign, border greater fence. activism.numbers Dewey “I don’t liumizona,I’m aunder 24 bad percent name.no delusion of Ousted Nevada, that from 20our per- hisin- “Arizona is in play like never be- What changed with these unusualton Parker wasin 1904, an the obviousOhioans War- choice.Douglasdidate If for the president. “the Demo- most dangerousstate’s many Court otherenemy of offices Appeals. Newwere cast ToYork, out rebuild by therace, Republicans CoxBut would Midwesterners have probably easily won out had thety, aHarding personal Boss choice Platt charm,” appealedabout agreed he said, one to another’sforRight. give a And “returnthe this records 1898 would beto in done,promising NewSocial nocountry Security a— quieter or face andbrand a massive, military of politics. forceful pre- willStill, have on athe strong air it’s chance open war to buildagainst a fence like tumbleweeds in the Santa firsttion that such he time, mightren the Hardingmake 1860 and a Jamesgood race Cox can- in 1920,thatfromI’m Whenstates Illinois, takingDouglas should took Lincoln a the student,decide Democrat- used the Leanaan Douglas’s slavery electorate Wen, unhappyered withIndeed,Without nomineeswith party ulceratingOhio the a and fellow outlines built a bedsores.strong Ohioancome ofbase thein near- in 1904 thewrylytest. referringclesincerect to to linealtransport thethe Chicago Civil descendant Trib- War,Yohanitadoubt, Ohio of by F.D.R. to hasthe a same hospi- voted with- peopleseemed whoElected a governor paler shade in 1942, of hisDewey oppo- de- terventioncent of Colorado makes and a difference43 percent to of fore,” said David Waid, chairman of Yorkers Theodore Rooseveltraces? and ForAl-dates starters,nance will aboth callthird-party candidates New York campaign, home.crats had and picked if someonePlatt’sI’m taking from, candidates say, a student,the for freshly Leana mayor defeated Wen, and Republicanered with Par- ulceratingand went bedsores. with the man andcle party to transportYork. ItYohanita is clear, to though, a hospi- that eachwithroundup care diarrhea, andif Mexicans deportation. malaria, pile up AIDS against and that terventionseat, he now makesuses the a megaphone difference of toa Ana winds,” he said on Monday. And which Abraham and Lincoln the New defeated Yorkers Franklin a Charlesquestionofic liberty,nomination, Euchner, for becausethethemselves. Republicans the the author need- mostWhencorruption. of insidious Doug- “Ex- wouldelection not have wereby states. nominated set Cox seven had a stellar years Lincoln. record earlier, as une’sgubernatorial coveragenormalcy”With of his Harding’s career. after nomination Woodrow nomination,couldn’t stop to a the single Wilson’s there-tuberculosisThenent. car-paredness campaign Hefence disappointed before like turned tumbleweeds Pearl on followersthe Harbor. national in the by Santanationalthe browning campaign. of America And it’s —a pretty tinged the state’s Democratic Party. “And ton Parker in 1904, the Ohioans War- HillaryCandidatesdidate forClinton president. from andRoosevelt the Rudolph sameNew and Thomas York, Giuliani state Deweythe Republicans in andprominencemanyed a a candidate teacher, other probably to battletooffices Will create Douglas ty,Okun, were Boss in openings alongcastPlattOne of out agreedwith the for surpriseby mightto giverace, DemocraticLeana, the overseas. Cox 1898 whogovernor, would promising had The with have just reformstwist a quieter graduatedeasily of is rural that brand wonIt is of uncleartal. forpolitics.out winnerswhat the Hillary personalwill Clinton, all have but arier charm,” strong four from entering times. chance he the country. Thesaid, to build malnutrition.veloped a Right. a AndRepublican this would version be done, of the no CongoPhoenixNew Mexico. (though talk stationThe it rap did to is promote make that they quite his don’t so- a The following editorialone.” was written by columnist Nicholas Kristof and published in the New Yorkactivist Times Democratic presidency, moodDewey of weariness acknowledged toward that Wilson Roose- with slurs that disrespect all Hispan- two hosts of something called the “Pa- fellowWhen Illinoisan, Douglas1944 took Stephen — were thewould also Democrat- tinged Douglas, not by have the intra- nominatedtraordinarylasmehimself.an Westernwon on electorate thethis statesLincoln. He Senate triplike Politics: worked Illinois. to unhappy seat,Africa. Asgubernatorial Doug- hard, How Lincoln Here winners with for Protest in exam-nev- that nominationparty this year includedfromLincoln,infromOhio Parker, 1897, to medicaltheand a whenwho re- theschools,built knew The theschool labor, asame strong campaign Republican Douglas’sbudget at andbase Washington publicstate. turned posi-in Partyad- near- onRudolph theform-mindedRepublicans Republicans national GiulianiwrylyThe and village referring (maybe)national Roosevelt. neutralized did found Mi- nottocampaign. the The wanta syndicatedChicago anyteenage to And poten- let talker it’sTrib- girl the Neala pretty not BoortzNew The attacking Deal.Ana people winds,” Roosevelt here he said in Malehe onover Monday. party were Andfairdifferencelution:vote. bet Not thatall yet, undocumented to each Yohanita).at least. will alsoBut Theimmigrants they’re have way to the to the Republicans are literally handing ren Harding and James CoxCharles in 1920, Euchner,havewin the facedthe authorDemocratic each of “Ex- other and onlyRepublican four las’s constant antagonist, Lincoln Parker himselfministration, had strong roads and prisons.reformistchael Bloomberg will have to say chuckles at the human collision alongdoubt,The people by the here same in Malehe people were who triot Radio News Hour” here mocked was the most consequentialmuralopinion rivalry.Lincoln, section of who all. onknewand June DissentLincoln’s Douglas’s 21, 2007.are posi- attacks Changingform-minded won American candidate him Roosevelt. more for chieftions justicemachine and of the weaknessesof Thomasmood ofPlatt better weariness suffered than toward a PlattWorld Wilson quickly Warfair I and regretted bet the that bitter each his fight willchoice. also over haveandvelt’s to thetwo activism, Democrats. hosts of somethingin New Harding York called and pre-the be-“Pa-spendics.fastest-growing Consider time and Hayworth, energy part of campaigningwho the electorate.gives heit to us.” and the New Yorkers traordinary Franklintimes nominations, Politics:ic nomination, in presidential How Protestthree theWhat Republicans elections. seriouschanged with candi-these The need- unusualerthatch-roofedple, stoppedcorruption.was anto obviousdiscredit fighting. choice. village IfDouglas’s theIn Demo- 1859, in thestate’she argument called hills Court of of Appeals.bonafides.University,by To states. rebuild Cox But Midwesterners quicklyhad a stellar had examined arecord choice about astial onewhoDemocratsune’s another’s Democratic could coverage records go take inwith New advantage ofOhio Yohanitahisan advancedcareer.without in borderand Ohio.a helpcon- fence. “Iand don’tdrivencouldn’t Throughoutlabor out corruption, stop of a theirthe single campaign, villagecourt tuberculosis packing, by Dewey ram- car- helpwould Congo be given isn’t 120 to days take to individual leave the care if Mexicans pile up against that triot Radio News Hour” here mockedlium a bad name. Ousted from his the Hispanic Games, held last week- and Dissent areThe Changing other three American —races? involving For tionsstarters, the andboth New candidates weaknessesDemocracy,”Douglaseasternheadlinescrats had better “the picked Congo, — mostissomeone than andwriting we dangerous from, provoked hadPlatt say,a book a the glimpsequickly freshlyenemy specula-about defeated regretted of anyone, Republicandevastatinggovernor, his Par-choice.was alsoand defeatwith went andperfectly with reformsin the the New manDemocrats. positioned York and of party City. rural York. HardingHeHarding Itthe iscould clear, League pre- though,not appealedspend control of that Nations. each time forRoosevelt and a energy “return — campaigningthe to vailed.Socialyond, Securityshaped his and career. military “I am pre- a di- in starvingcountry aStill, place on — people the general or airface to it’s athe election massive,open hospital war candi- forcefulagainst but to Some Republicans know this. Na- Roosevelt and Thomas Dewey infirstdatesed such a will candidate call time, New the to York battle 1860 home. Douglas race in in thatNewOne York,states the of Republicans should the surprise decideprobably thety, Democratic Boss slavery Platt agreed toYohanita.Indeed, give the 1898 the promising outlines a quieter brand of the of politics. 1904will havelooktest. a strongIt after is chance unclear her, to build and whata thefence Hillaryfamily like tumbleweeds agreedClinton, in the Santapagingseemedrier fromthe soldiers aHispanic entering paler in Games,shade December. the country. of held his lastYohan- oppo- week- starving people to the hospital but to end in Phoenix. They suggested Democracy,” is writing a book about anyone, was also perfectlytion that positioned he might makeHe could a goodnot control can- Roosevelt — the vailed. Withoutin a a fellow placeAna general Ohioan winds,” he electionsaid in on the Monday. candi- Andrect lineal descendant of F.D.R. with- seat, he now uses the megaphone of a Yorkers TheodoreCharles Roosevelt Euchner, the and author Al- of “Ex-suicideofwar, liberty,would andnotat have thebecause Leana nominated Golden suddenlythe Lincoln. Gate most Bridge. gubernatorialinsidiousfound her- nominationto Platt’sexploitschools, to the re- contradications candidates labor,The campaign budget turned for andin on mayor thehis publicnational oppo- and ad-nationaltwonormalcy” campaign. battled And afterit’s over a pretty Woodrow patronage, Wilson’s trusts parednessIn 1944, before no one Pearl thought Harbor. Thomas datesworkroundupthe rarely browning to and end go: deportation.the Home. of war America — yet — instead tingedØ tionwide, Hispanic support for Repub- 1944 — were also tinged by the intra-whichWesternCandidates Abraham states from Lincoln like Illinois. the defeated same As Doug- state a questionwinners for that themselves. year included When Parker, Doug- aelectionmight“If we were overseas. don’t set seven get The her years twist to a earlier, hospital is that thatRudolphWith it would Harding’s Giuliani be best two and nomination,to hosts have (maybe) of something her tak- called the Mi- the “Pa-ita’snent.The family end He syndicated disappointed in returned Phoenix. talker to They their followers Neal home suggested Boortz by a work to end the war — yet instead “jumping the fence” and “leaving the suicide at theton Golden Parker Gate inBridge. 1904,traordinary the Ohioansto Politics: exploit How War-contradications Protest selfdidateLincoln, called infor who his president.to knew oppo- perform. Douglas’stwo posi- battledform-minded over Roosevelt. patronage,many other trustsmood offices of In weariness 1944,were toward nocast one Wilson out thought byfair bet race, Thomas that each Cox will alsodates would have rarely to have go: Home. easily won outØ the personal charm,” he said, Phoenixwith slurs talk thatstation disrespect to promote all hisHispan- so- lican candidates dropped 10 points mural rivalry. fellowlas’s Illinoisan, constant and Stephen antagonist, Dissent are Douglas, Changing Lincoln Americanone.”lascandidatetions won and the weaknesses Senate for betterchief seat, than justice LincolnPlatt quickly of nev- the regrettedinvery 1897,ministration, his choice. soon, when and she the the roads will Democrats. Republican die,”and Hardingprisons. Leana Party pre- saidspendactivist timeenRepublicanschael and not energy to Bloomberg Democraticthe campaigning local neutralized public triot will Radio presidency, hospitalhave anyNews Hour” poten- to but here say mockednotDeweychuckles attacking“jumping acknowledged at the the Roosevelt human fence” thatandcollision over “leaving Roose- party along the theRight. war is And heating this wouldup again be done,here, noin have faced each other only four Parker himself had strong reformist the Hispanic Games, held last week- lution: all undocumented immigrants scene of an accident” as competitive Democracy,” is writing a book about anyone,VillagersWhen was Douglas also perfectly took took whatpositioned the looked HeDemocrat- could like not control a Rooseveltan electorate — the vailed. unhappy with partyin a placeOhio general and election built candi- a strong base in near- wryly referring to the Chicago Trib- ics. Consider Hayworth, who gives he- from 2004 to 2006 — to about 30 per- renwas Harding an obvious and choice.James IfCox the in Demo- 1920, erLincoln’sVillagers stopped attacksfighting. took what wonIn 1859, looked him he more called like a bluntly.But Midwesterners“We have to get hadher to a a choice hos- Worldtotial the DemocraticWar fine I and hospital the advantage bitter end in inGoma fight Phoenix. in runover TheyOhio. by suggestedvelt’san activism, advancedscene of an in border accident”New York fence. as and competitive “I be- don’t partdoubt, because by the Congo same is off people the world’s who What changed with these unusualwastimes the in most presidential consequentialsuicide at elections.the Golden of Gate all. Bridge. The state’sto exploit contradications Court of in Appeals. his oppo- two To battled rebuild over patronage,machinebonafides. trusts of ThomasIn 1944, no Platt one thought suffered Thomas adates rarelyabout go: Home. one another’sØ records in New and labor corruption, court packing, would be given 120 days to leave the events for Latino athletes. Ha-ha. and the New Yorkers Franklin headlinesbundleic nomination, of — rags and theout provoked Republicansof one thatch-roof specula- need- pital.”corruption. theHealby League states. Africa, ofCox Nations. had an a“jumping outstandingstellar the recordfence” and aid as“leaving une’sthecare eventscoverageif Mexicans for Latino of hispile athletes. career. up against Ha-ha. that radar.couldn’tlium a badstop a name. single Oustedtuberculosis from car- his cent of the vote. Yes, this state’s two races? For starters, both candidatesThefirstcrats other such had three picked time, — involving someone the 1860 the from, race New say, in Douglasthe freshly “the defeated most dangerous Republican enemy Par-devastatingpital.”andIndeed, went defeat the with outlines in the New man York of and the City. party 1904 HealHardingYork. Africa, It appealed is clear, an scene though,for outstanding of a an “return accident” that aseach aid competitiveto yond,Social shaped Security his career. and military“I am a di- pre- country — or face a massive, forceful Democrats are laughing all the way Roosevelt and Thomas Dewey in huted aand candidate laid it on to the battle ground. Douglas Only init One of the surprise Democratic governor, with reforms of rural It is unclearDemocrats what are laughingHillary allClinton, the way rierseat, from he now entering uses thethe megaphonecountry. of a Republican senators, John McCain YorkerswhichNew York, AbrahamTheodore the Republicans Roosevelt Lincoln defeated and probably Al- a tionofty, liberty,that Boss he Platt becausemight agreed make the mostto a givegood insidious the can- 1898Platt’selectionpromisingThere candidates were was a quieterset nothing seven for brand specialmayoryears of earlier, politics. aboutand groupnormalcy”WithoutNICHOLASwill have with a astrong after fellowstrong D. Woodrow American KRISTOFevents Ohioanchance for Latino to inWilson’sconnec- athletes. build the Ha-ha. arect parednessfence lineal like descendant before tumbleweeds Pearl of F.D.R. Harbor. in the with- SantaroundupOne and measure deportation. of the international to a new Western majority. In 2004, 1944 — were also tinged by the intra- wasn’tWestern a states bunch like of Illinois. rags;NICHOLAS itAs wasDoug- D. a KRISTOFwinners that year included Parker, a schools, labor, budgetDemocrats and public are laughing ad- all the wayRudolphAna to winds,”Leana a Giuliani new he Western said saves and on majority. (maybe) Monday. a In Mi- And2004, PhoenixThe syndicated talk station talker to promote Neal Boortzhis so- and Jon Kyl, favor the comprehensive Charles Euchner, the author of “Ex-tonfellowwould Parker not Illinoisan, in have 1904, nominated the Stephen Ohioans Lincoln. Douglas, War- didateone.”gubernatorial for president. nomination NICHOLAS to the re- D.many KRISTOFYohanitainThe 1897, other campaign when except offices the turned that were Republican she oncast was the out innational Party front by race,tionsactivistnational Cox (www.healafrica.org). campaign. would Democratic haveto And a new easily presidency, Westernit’s a won majority.pretty Inout 2004, Dewey thethey Leana personal acknowledgedpicked up charm,”saves a Senate that he anda Roose-said, a Con- indifferenceRight. And this is the would shortage be done, of no aid they picked up a Senate and a Con- mural rivalry. womanlas’s constant dying of starvation. antagonist, Lincoln candidate for chief justice of the ministration, roads theyand picked prisons. up a Senate and a Con-chaeltwo hosts Bloomberg of something will called have the to say“Pa- chuckleslution: all at undocumented the human collision immigrants along immigration bill. And yes, President traordinary Politics: How Protestren HardingLincoln, andwho James knew Douglas’sCox in 1920, posi- Whenform-mindedLincoln’s Douglas attacks Roosevelt. took the won Democrat- him more anof mood electorate us. In of villages weariness unhappy throughout toward with party the Wilson re- OhioWorldfairNow, and bet War built nearly that I aand strong each the fourgressional willbitter base days also seat fightin innear- have Colorado, later, over to withwryly twovelt’s referringgressional activism, to seat in the New in Chicago Colorado, York and Trib- with be- twodoubt,groups by here: the Neighboring same people Rwanda, who gressional seat in Colorado, with two was the most consequential of all. wasThe an woman,obvious choice. Yohanita If the Nyiahabi- Demo- machine of Thomas Platt suffered a But Midwesterners had a choice anwould advanced be given border 120 days fence. to leave “I don’t the Bush is the bill’s chief proponent. andtions What the and changed New weaknesses Yorkers with these better Franklin unusual thanic headlinesnomination,Platt quickly — the and Republicansregretted provoked his specula- need- choice.corruption.gion,state’sand people the Court Democrats. just of like Appeals. her Hardingare To dying rebuild pre-by byYohanitathe spendstates. League time Cox is of onhadand Nations. the aenergy stellarroadHispanic to campaigningbrothers record recovery, in cowboy as hats.une’s Andyond,abouttriotpatient coverage Hispanic Radioshaped one another’s News brothersofhis his incareer. Hour” career. recordsinAfrica. cowboy here“I am inhats.mocked a New di-Andcouldn’twhich stop is booming a single tuberculosis economically, car- is Hispanic brothers in cowboy hats. And and Dissent are Changing American The other three — involving the New Amama, Student, 41, weighed a Teacher perhaps 60 anddevastating a Glimpse defeat in New of York War City. they did it with counties where an carecountry if Mexicans — or face pile a massive, up against forceful that But pragmatism is being drowned races? For starters, both candidates crats had picked someone from, say, thethe thousandsfreshly defeated — of a Republican deadly mixture Par- lyingand went on a cleanwith the bedNPR man in liberal the andis hard Heal to party find. Af- York.the Hispanicthey It is did clear, it Games, with though, counties held that last where week-each an full of aid workers. But this area of they did it with counties where an Democracy,” is writing a book aboutRooseveltYorkersanyone, Theodorewas and also Thomas perfectly ARoosevelt DeweyStudent, positioned and inAl- edtion He a candidate couldthat a he not mightTeacher control to battle make Roosevelt Douglas a good A—can- in theand Student,thePlatt’sOnevailed. thousands ofa candidates the Glimpse surprise — of afor deadly Democratic mayora mixture Teacher andofgovernor, lyingWarinWithout a on place a with clean a general fellowand reforms bed inOhioan election the of Heala rural in candi- theAf-GlimpserectIt is linealunclear descendant what Hillaryof of F.D.R. WarClinton, with- rierfullroundup from of aid entering and workers. deportation. the country. But this area of out by the bullies with electronic bull- MALEHE, Congo pounds.Newin pain, York, for her She the buttocks Republicans was were conscious cov- immediately probably and agreed toty, use herBoss vehi- Plattbut also agreed in much to greater give numbers the 1898I’m underpromising no delusion thata quieter our in- brand“Arizona of is inpolitics. play like never will be-end haveNPR in aliberal Phoenix. strong is hard chance They to find. to suggested build a fence like tumbleweeds in the Santa suicide at the Golden Gate Bridge. 1944to —exploit were contradicationsalso tingedI’m taking by athe student,in hisintra- Leanaoppo- Wen,Westerndidatetwoered with battled forstates ulcerating president. like bedsores. over Illinois. patronage, cleAs to Doug- transport trusts Yohanitawinnersof towarIn a hospi- 1944,andthat poverty.year no oneincluded thought Parker, Thomas aterventionschools,ricarace,dates makes Hospital. Coxlabor,rarely a difference would budget go:Leana to Home. havefore,” savedand said public easily Davidone Waid,of ad- wonher chairmanØRudolphout of the Giuliani personal and charm,” (maybe) he Mi- said, easternThe syndicated Congo is talker far needier Neal Boortzand yet NPR liberal is hard to find. ton ParkerMALEHE in 1904,, Congo the Ohioansin pain, forWar- her buttocksstared at were us cov- with brightimmediately eyes, agreed whis- to manyuse her other vehi-with offices diarrhea,but also were malaria, in cast much AIDS out and greater by numbers I’m under no delusion that our in- “Arizona is in play like never be- AnaRight. winds,” And he this said would on Monday. be done, And no horns, who’ve got their party leaders Charles Euchner,and the a teacher, author Will Okun,of “Ex- along with wouldLeana, not who have had just nominated graduatedMALEHEtal. Lincoln., Congo in gubernatorial pain,Instead for ofmalnutrition. her spending nomination buttocks a few were to hundred the cov- re-Congoimmediately (thoughfirstThe campaign patients. it did make agreed quite turned a tothe use state’son theher Democratic national vehi- Party.but “Andnational“jumping also in campaign. muchthe fence” greater And and it’s numbers“leaving a pretty the isI’m home under to no hardly delusion any that aid our groups. in- “Arizona is in play like never be- muralren Harding rivalry. and James Cox in 1920, las’sWhen constant Douglas antagonist, took the Democrat- Lincoln candidateanInstead electorate for of spending chief unhappy justice a few with ofhundred party the ministration,Ohio and built roads a strong andthe Republicansprisons. base in are near-literally handingchaelfewwryly months Bloomberg referring later, to will but the their haveChicago crops to sayTrib- and chuckles at the human collision along running scared. I’m taking a student, Leana Wen,me on this tripered to Africa. with Hereulcerating in this peringfrom bedsores. medical answers school at Washingtonto cle a fewto transport questions.The village Yohanita found a teenage to a girlhospi-The with people herediarrhea, in Malehe malaria, were difference AIDSmood to Yohanita). and of terventionweariness The way to makes toward a Wilson difference scene to fore,” of an said accident” David Waid, as competitive chairman of twodoubt, hosts by of something the same called people the “Pa- who traordinary Politics:thatch-roofed How village Protest in the hills of I’mLincoln, taking who a student, knew Douglas’s Leana Wen, posi- ereddollarsform-minded with tryingulcerating Roosevelt. to save bedsores. Yohanita, whohelp cle Congo toWhat isn’t transport to takealmost individual Yohanita killedit to us.” Yohanita to a hospi- was withfair diarrhea, bet that each malaria, will alsoAIDS have and to terventionanWorld advanced Vision makes border is one a fence. ofdifference the “I very don’t to few fore,” said David Waid, chairman of and a teacher,andWhat Will theOkun, changed Newalong with with Yorkers theseLeana, unusual Franklin who hadwasWhenic University, nomination, justan obvious she graduated was quickly choice.moved,the examinedRepublicanstal. If she thewho screamed Demo-could need- go with Yohanitastate’sdollarscorruption. and Court help tryingdriven of tomalnutrition. Appeals.out save of their Yohanita, village To rebuildby ram- who byButWhat states. Midwesterners almost CongoCox had killed(though a stellar had Yohanita it a did record choice make was as quiteaboutlivestockune’s a one thecoverage another’s state’s had of Democratic been his records career. taken. Party. in New Then “And triotcouldn’t Radio stop News a single Hour” tuberculosis here mocked car- “If they get their way and the bill eastern Congo, we had a glimpse of tionsYohanita. and weaknesses betterlook after her, than and the familyPlatt agreed quicklypaging soldiers regretted in December. his Yohan- choice.starvingand people to the the hospital Democrats. but to Some Harding Republicans pre-know this. Na-spendevents time for Latino and energy athletes. campaigning Ha-ha. the state’s Democratic Party. “And me on this tripand to Africa.Dissent Here are in Changingwar, this and Leana Americansuddenly found her-andcrats a hadteacher, picked Will someone Okun, along from, with say, themightLeana, freshly die who defeated anyway, had Republican just we graduatedcould Par- spend tal.andstarvationgovernor, went with inwith the a narrow reforms mantionwide, and Hispanic sense, of party support rural but for malnutrition.Repub-York.Yohanita Itthe is Republicans had clear, a miscarriage though, are literally that and each handing the CongocareAmerican if (thoughMexicans groups it pile did active up make against here quite inthat athe races?Roosevelt For starters, and Thomas both fromcandidates Dewey medical in schooled “If aat we candidate Washington don’t get her to to a hospitalbattleThe villagethat Douglas it would found be in best ato have teenageOne her tak- of girl ita’s the family surpriseThe returned people to Democratictheir here home a in work Malehe to end were the war —difference yet instead to Yohanita). The way toItDemocrats is unclear are what laughing Hillary all Clinton, the way therier Hispanicfrom entering Games, the country. held last week- dies, so too may Republican electoral thatch-roofedDemocracy,” village in the is hills writingself called of to a perform. book about meanyone, veryon this soon, was shetrip will alsoto die,” Africa. Leanaperfectly said Hereen positioned not in to this the local publicfromthatHe hospital could medical money but not buying schoolcontrol vaccines atRoosevelt Washington or — mos- thethe war moreThevailed.is heating village broadly up again here, found she in is lican aone teenage candidates more victim dropped girl 10 pointsfamilyThein a peopleit place spentto us.” here generalall its in money Malehe election saving were candi- her differencefenceNorth like Kivu tumbleweedsto area. Yohanita). in The the way Santa to the Republicans are literally handing 1944 — were also tingedVillagersUniversity, tookby the what lookedintra- like quicklyNew a Western York, examined statesthe Republicans likewho Illinois. could probably As go Doug-with Yohanitaty,winners Boss and Platt helpthat agreed yeardriven included to out give of theParker, their 1898 village a promising byschools, ram- labor,ahelp quieter Congobudget brandfrom isn’t and 2004 of to to public politics. 2006 take — to ad- individual about 30will per-familyRudolph have spent a Giulianistrong all its chance andmoney (maybe) to saving build her Mi-a endThe in syndicated Phoenix. talker They Neal suggested Boortz prospects for the foreseeable future,” suicide at the Golden Gate Bridge. thatch-roofedtobluntly. exploitNICHOLAS “We havecontradications villageto get her toD. ina hos- KRISTOF the into hills thehis fine oppo- of hospital in two Goma run battled by over patronage, trustspart becauseIn Congo 1944, is off the no world’s one thought Thomas datesto a rarely newSome Western go: Republicans Home. majority. know Inthis. 2004, Na-Ø it to us.” eastern Congo, we had a glimpsebundle of of ragsYohanita. out of one thatch-roofwouldpital.” not have nominatedlook after Lincoln.Heal her, Africa, and anthe University,gubernatorial outstanding familyquito netsagreed aid to nomination quicklysavepaging a farsoldiers larger examined to thein December. num- re-radar.whoTheof Yohan- couldcampaign the warfaregostarving with turned Yohanita people thatcent on of the hastheto and vote.thenational already Yes,hospital help this state’s butdrivennational —two to which out campaign. meant of their that And village they it’s byrana pretty ram- out of helpAna Just winds,” Congo imagine isn’t he said to that on take Monday. four individual million And wrote Clint Bolick, a conservative Charlesmural Euchner,rivalry. the author of “Ex- las’s TimesSelect: constant antagonist,Africa Report: Lincoln candidate for chief justice of the ministration, roads Republicanand prisons. senators, John McCainchael Bloomberg will have to say “jumpingchuckles at the the fence” human and collision “leaving along the wrote Clint Bolick, a conservative war, and Leana suddenly foundhut her- and laid it on the ground. Only it There was nothing special about group with strong American connec- One measure of the international they tionwide, picked upHispanic a Senate support and for a Repub- Con- Some Republicans know this. Na- “If we don’t geteastern her to Congo, a hospital we hadthat a it glimpse would be of best Yohanita.to berhave of her children tak- ita’sin other family villages. returned to theirlookclaimed home after a her, fourwork and million to the endand family theJonlives Kyl, war favor inagreed — Congo the yetcomprehensive insteadfood. starvingtwoAmericans hosts people of something or to Europeans the hospitalcalled the had but “Pa- beento traordinary Politics:wasn’t Howa bunch Protestof rags; it was a wasLincoln,Yohanita anTwo exceptobvious who for that theknew she choice. wasRoad inDouglas’s front Read If tionsthe dis- (www.healafrica.org). Demo-posi- form-mindedstate’s Court Roosevelt. ofLeana Appeals. saves To a rebuildindifferencemoodBut is theof Midwesterners shortage weariness of aid toward had aWilson choice pagingfairfood.about bet soldiers one that another’s each in December. will records also haveYohan- in New to scenean advanced of an accident” border fence. as competitive “I don’t scholar, in The Arizona Republic this self called to perform.What changed with these unusual immigration bill. And yes, Presidentgressionallican candidates seat in Colorado, dropped with 10 points two tionwide, Hispanic support for Repub- woman dyingvery of starvation. soon, she willwar, of die,” and us. In Leana villagesLeana throughout said suddenlyen the not re- found to Now,the her-local nearly public four “If dayshospitalAnd we later, yet don’t but — how get hercan toyou a walk hospital awaygroupsthat here:since it Neighboringwould 1998.the be Even Rwanda, warbest is 21st-centuryto heating have herup again tak- wars here, in worktriotkilled Radio to in end aNews war, the warHour” and — that here yet white mocked instead fam- and Dissent are ChangingThe woman, American Yohanita Nyiahabi-tionspatchescrats and had from weaknessespicked Congo someone by better the from, two than say, thePlatt freshly quickly defeated regretted Republican his choice. Par- andand the went Democrats. with theBush man Harding is the bill’s and chief pre- party proponent.ita’sspendYork.“We family time Itused is andreturned to clear, energyhave though, toplenty campaigningtheir to thathome eat, each abut eventscare if forMexicans Latino athletes.pile up against Ha-ha. that week. Villagers tookraces? what For looked starters, like a both candidates gion, people just like her are dying by Yohanita is on the road to recovery, patient in Africa. which is booming economically,part because is Congo is off the world’sHispanicfrom brothers 2004 to 2006 in cowboy — to about hats. 30 And per- lican candidates dropped 10 points mama, 41,bluntly. weighed “We perhaps have self 60 to calledget her to to perform. a hos- to the fine hospital in Goma run by en not to the local publicBut hospital pragmatism but is being drowned thethe war Hispanic is heating Games, up heldagain last here, week- in bundle of ragsDemocracy,” out of one thatch-roof is writing a book about anyone,contestNewthe thousands York, was winners —also the of a deadly Republicansperfectly traveling mixture positioned lyingwith probably on a clean bedveryHe infromty, thecould Boss soon,Heal a Af- nothuman Platt she control willagreed being die,”Roosevelt whoto Leana give will the— surely said the 1898full ofvailed. aidlikepromising workers. Congo’s But thisa quieter area— the of mostbrand lethalof politics. con- innow will a placehave wecent haveofa general strongthe nothing,”vote. chance electionYes, this Yohanita’s to state’s candi-build twoa iliesfenceDemocrats were like starving tumbleweeds are laughing to death in all the asthe Santaa way re- Remember that prediction on Elec- A Student,pounds. Shepital.” was a conscious Teacher and Villagers took what andHeal looked Africa, like a an a outstandingGlimpse aid of War radar. out by the bullies with electronic bull-they did it with counties where an from 2004 to 2006 — to about 30 per- of war and poverty. rica Hospital. Leana saved one of her eastern Congo is far needier and yet end in Phoenix. They suggested stared at us with bright eyes, whis- bluntly.die if you “We do have so? to get her to a hos- to flict the fine since hospital World inWarhorns, Goma IIwho’ve — rungot kill their by the party leadersmother,Republican Anastasie, senators, told us. John “We’ve McCainpartsultAna because of winds,” that war.Congo he saidThe is victims off on the Monday. world’s in isolat- And tion Day 2008. Ø hut and laidsuicide it on the at ground.the Golden Only Gateit Bridge. toNicholas wouldexploitInstead not ofcontradications spendingD. have Kristof: anominated few hundredgroup twofortheroad in with firsthisLincoln. patients. strongoppo- Americantwogubernatorial battledNICHOLAS connec- over nomination patronage, D. KRISTOF to trusts the re-is homeThe In to hardly 1944,campaign any no aid groups. one turned thought on the Thomas national datesnationalNPR rarely liberal campaign. go: is Home. hard Andto find. it’s a prettyØ to a new Western majority. In 2004, Charles Euchner,pering the answersauthorThere to aof few was“Ex- questions. nothingbundle specialof rags about out of one thatch-roof few months later, but their crops and One measurerunning scared. of the international “jumping the fence” and “leaving the cent of the vote. Yes, this state’s two wasn’t a bunch of rags; it was a dollars trying to save Yohanita, who What almost killedpital.” YohanitaSo we was spoke to Simona Pari of theWorldHeal Visionold-fashioned is Africa, one of the very an way, few outstanding by starving aid peo- had nothingand Jon toKyl, eat favor but the bananas comprehensive since radar.edtwo villages hosts of here something in Congo, called like the Yohan- “Pa- MALEHE, Congo traordinaryin pain, for Politics: herWhen buttocks she was HowYohanita moved, were Protest she except screamed cov- that.blogs.nytimes.com.immediatelyLincoln, she was in who front agreed knewtions Douglas’sto (www.healafrica.org). use her posi- vehi- form-mindedbut also livestock in muchRoosevelt. had Leana greater been taken. numbers Thensaves mooda I’m ofunder indifference weariness no delusion “Iftoward is they the getthat shortage theirWilson our way andin- of the aidfair bill “Arizona bet that is each in play will like also never have be-to they picked up a Senate and a Con- Republican senators, John McCain woman dying of starvation. hut mightand dielaid anyway, it on we the could ground. spend starvation Only init a narrowNorwegianThere sense, but wasYohanita Refugeenothing had a miscarriage special Council, and about whichthe Americangroupple groups or with exposing active strong here in them theAmericandies, to so disease. too mayconnec- Republican electoralthe beginningimmigration of May.” bill. And (To yes, see President video sceneita,Onetriot may of measureRadio an be accident” Newsblack of Hour” theand as internationalpoor competitivehere and mocked anon- I’m taking a student, Leana Wen, ered with ulcerating bedsores.of us. In villages Join throughouttionsclethat moneytheto andtransport Conversation buying the weaknesses vaccines re- Yohanita or mos-Now,Readers better more to nearly broadlya canhospi- than she four is one morewith daysPlatt victim diarrhea, later,quicklyfamily spent regretted malaria, all its money hissaving AIDS choice. her andNorth Kivuandtervention area. the Democrats.groups makes here:prospects a NeighboringHarding difference for the foreseeable pre- Rwanda, to future,”spendfore,” time said and David energy Waid, campaigning chairman of gressional seat in Colorado, with two Timothy Egan, a former Seattle cor- The woman,and Yohanita Dissent Nyiahabi-are Changing American wasn’t a bunch of rags; it was a LeanaBush is the bill’ssaves chief proponent. a events for Latino athletes. Ha-ha. and Jon Kyl, favor the comprehensive and a teacher, Will Okun, along with TimesSelect:gion, peopleAfrica Report: just likesendanyone,quito her nets columnistsare towas dying save alsoa farby larger theirperfectlyYohanita num- comments:of positioned is the on warfare the road thatYohanita hasHe hasto couldrecovery, already built except not a— schoolwhich control that meantpatient in she thatRoosevelt the was they village ran in out infront — of andAfrica.theJusttions imaginevailed.That’s (www.healafrica.org). that what fourwhich million makes is boomingwrote wars Clint inBolick, economically, the a de- conservativeofin the is our a state’s placevisit and general Democratic read blogs election Party. by Leana candi- “Andindifferenceymous,Hispanicthe Hispanic but brothers is that Games, the inshould shortage cowboy held make last hats. of week- aid And this respondent for The Times and the mama, 41, Democracy,” weighedLeana, perhaps who is writing had 60Two just for a the book Road graduated Readabout dis- womantal.ber of childrendying in of other starvation. villages. claimed four million livesmalnutrition. in Congo food. AmericansCongo or Europeans (though had been it scholar, did make in The Arizona quite Republic a this But pragmatism is being drowned Democrats are laughing all the way immigration bill. And yes, President the thousands — of a deadly mixture lying on a clean bed of in helped us. the InHeal villages people Af- here throughout survive the as recon- velopingNow, nearly worldfull of four aid so workers.deadly, days Butfor later, thisthey areaand of Will, go to nytimes.com groupswartheyend in didinhere: Congo Phoenix. it Neighboringwith no less counties Theyan international Rwanda, suggestedwhere an author of “The Worst Hard Time,” is me on this trip to Africa. Herepounds. in this Shesuicide from was medical consciousat the Golden schoolpatches and Gate from at Congo WashingtonBridge. by the twoA nytimes.com/timesselect.ThetoStudent, exploitAndThe woman,yet — village howcontradications can Yohanitayou found walk away a Nyiahabi- teenageinsince a his 1998. oppo- Teacher Even girl 21st-centurytwoThe battled wars people“We over used here andto patronage,have in plenty Malehe to eat, a trustsbut werekilled Glimpse in adifference war,In and 1944, that white no to fam-Yohanita). one week. thought of The ThomasWar way to datesthe Republicans outrarely by the go: bullies Home. are withliterally electronic handing bull-Ø to a new Western majority. In 2004, Bush is the bill’s chief proponent. contest winnersof war traveling and with poverty. from a human being who willrica surely Hospital.like Congo’s Leana — the savedgion, mostflictNICHOLAS lethal peopleone has con- of ragedher justnow welike around D. have her KRISTOF nothing,” arethem. dying Yohanita’s Simona by ilies Yohanitawerekill starving not toonlyis death easternon withasthe a re- roadCongogunsRemember toand is recovery,far machetes that needier prediction and on Elec- /twofortheroad.)yetpatient in Africa. whichpriority.NPR“jumping isliberal booming the is fence” hard economically, to and find. “leaving istheØ a guest columnist. thatch-roofed village in thestared hills at of us with bright eyes, whis- die if you do so? flict since World War II — kill the mother, Anastasie, told us. “We’ve sult of thathelp war. The Congo victims in isn’tisolat- totion Day take 2008. individual itØ to us.”horns, who’ve got their party leaders But pragmatism is being drowned University, quicklyNicholas D. Kristof:Instead examined twofortheroad of spendingmama,who a fewcould 41, hundred go weighed with firstYohanita perhaps patients. and 60 help driven out of their village by ram- is home to hardly any aid groups. they picked up a Senate and a Con- eastern Congo, we had a glimpsepering answers of to a few questions..blogs.nytimes.com.MALEHE, Congo in So pain, we spoke for to Simona her buttocksPari of the old-fashioned were cov- way, the by immediately starving thousands peo- had — nothingagreed fewof a tomonths deadlyeat to but use bananas later, mixture her since but vehi- theired villageslying cropsbut here onandalso in Congo, a clean in like much Yohan- bed greater in the Heal numbers Af- I’mSomerunning under Republicans scared.no delusion know that this. our in- Na-fullscene of“Arizona aid of workers. an is accident” in play But as thislike competitive areanever of be- Yohanita. pounds.look after She her, was and conscious the familyple or exposing agreed and them to disease.paging soldiers in December. Yohan- starving people to the hospital but to gressional seat in Colorado, with two out by the bullies with electronic bull- When she was moved,I’m taking she screamed a student,Join the Conversationdollars Leana tryingReaders Wen, canto saveeredNorwegian Yohanita, with Refugee ulcerating who Council, whichbedsores.What almost killedof Yohanita clewar to and transport waspoverty.the beginninglivestock Yohanita of May.” had(To to see a beenvideo hospi- ita, taken. mayricawith be blackHospital. Then diarrhea,and poorWorld andLeana anon- Vision malaria, savedTimothy is one Egan, AIDS of ofa former theher and verySeattle fewcor-tervention“If they makes get their a difference way and the to billeasternfore,”events Congo saidfor Latino David is far athletes. Waid,needier chairman Ha-ha. and yet of war, and Leana suddenly found her- “If we don’t getsend columnists her to their a hospital comments: staredthathas built atit awould us school with in be the bright villagebest andto eyes, haveThat’s whis- her what tak- makes wars in the de- of our visit and read blogs by Leana ymous, butwork that should to end make the this warrespondent — yet for The instead Times and thetionwide, Hispanic support for Repub-Hispanic brothers in cowboy hats. And horns, who’ve got their party leaders might die anyway, helped we could people here spend survive starvation as con- veloping in world a narrow so deadly,ita’s sense, for theyfamily butand returned Will,Yohanita go toto had their nytimes.com a miscarriage homewar a in Congo and no the less an internationalAmerican author groups of “The active Worst hereHard Time,” in the is dies, so too may Republican electoral Democrats are laughing all the way self called to perform. and a teacher, Willnytimes.com/timesselect. Okun, along with Leana, who had just graduated Insteadtal. of spending a few hundred firstmalnutrition. patients. fewCongolican months candidates(though later, but it did droppedtheir make crops 10 quite and points a is the home state’s to hardly Democratic any aid Party. groups. “And running scared. very soon, she will die,”that Leana moneyA said buying peringStudent, envaccinesflict nothas answers raged to orthe around mos- local to them. a morepublicSimona few broadly questions. akillhospital not onlyTeacher she with but is guns one and more machetes victim/twofortheroad.) familyand spent all aits money Glimpsepriority. savingthe herwar isNorth heating KivuØ a ofarea.upguest again columnist. War here, in prospects for the foreseeable future,”theyto a did new it Western with counties majority. where In 2004, an me on this trip to Africa. Here in this from medical school at Washington dollarsTheNICHOLAS trying village to save found D. Yohanita, KRISTOF a teenage who girl What almost killed Yohanita was livestockdifferencefrom 2004 had to to Yohanita). 2006 been — taken. to about The Thenway 30 per- to Worldthe Republicans Vision is one are of literally the very handing few Villagers took what looked likeTimesSelect: a bluntly.Africa “We Report: have to getquito her nets to a tohos- saveWhen ato far theshe larger finewas num- hospitalmoved,of she in the Gomascreamed warfare run thatby has already — which meant that they ranpart outThe ofbecause peopleJust Congo here imagine in is Maleheoff thatthe world’s four were million wrote Clint Bolick, a conservativeNPR liberal is hard to find. “If they get their way and the bill thatch-roofed village in the hills of University, quickly examined might die anyway, we could spend starvation in a narrow sense, but helpcent Congoof the vote. isn’t Yes, to take this individualstate’s twoAmericanitthey to us.” picked groups up a active Senate here and in a the Con- bundle of rags out of one thatch-roofTwo for thepital.” Road Read dis- MALEHEber of, Congo children inin other Heal pain, villages. for Africa, her buttocks an claimed outstanding were four cov- million aid immediately liveswho incould Congo go agreed withfood. Yohanitato use her and vehi- help butdrivenradar. also outin Americans much of their greater villageor Europeans numbers by ram- had Yohanita beenI’m underscholar, had no a in miscarriagedelusion The Arizona that Republicand our the inthis “Arizona is in play like never be- dies, so too may Republican electoral eastern Congo, we had a glimpse of that money buying vaccines or mos- more broadly she is one more victim Republican senators, John McCainNorthgressionalSome Kivu Republicansarea. seat in Colorado, know this.with twoNa- hut and laid it on the ground.patches Only fromit I’mCongoThere taking by the was a two student, nothing Leana specialAnd yet Wen, about — howered canYohanita.group withyou walk withulcerating away strong bedsores. sinceAmerican 1998. Evenconnec- 21st-centuryclelook to transportafter wars her, Yohanitaand“We the used family to to ahave hospi- agreed plenty withtopaging eat, One diarrhea,but soldiers measurekilled malaria, in of aDecember. war, the AIDSand international that Yohan- and whitefamily tervention fam-starving spentweek. people makes all its to money athe difference hospital saving buther to to fore,” said David Waid, chairman of prospects for the foreseeable future,” war, and Leana suddenlyfrom found a human her- being who will surely like Congo’s — the mostquito lethal nets con-to save a far larger num- of the warfareilies were that starving has alreadyto death as a re-and JonRemember Kyl, favor that the prediction comprehensive on Elec- Justtionwide,Hispanic imagine brothersHispanic that in support cowboy four for millionhats. Repub- And wasn’t a bunch of rags;contest it was winners aandYohanita a traveling teacher, except with Will thatOkun, she along was inwith front Leana,tions“IfTimesSelect: we(www.healafrica.org). who don’t had get Africa just her to graduatedReport: a hospital tal.that it wouldLeana benow best saves we to havehave nothing,” hera tak- Yohanita’smalnutrition.ita’sindifference family returned is the shortageto their home of aid a —Congo workwhich (though to meant end the itthat did war they make — ran yet quite out instead of a the state’s Democratic Party. “And wrote Clint Bolick, a conservative self called to perform. die if you do Aso? Student,flict since a World Teacher Warber II of — children kill the inmother, other and villages. Anastasie, a told Glimpse us.claimed “We’ve foursult million of that war. lives of The in victims CongoWar in isolat-immigrationtion Day 2008. bill. And yes, PresidentØ licanthey did candidates it with counties dropped where 10 points an woman dying of starvation. Nicholas D.me Kristof:of on us. this twofortheroad In trip villages to Africa. throughout Here in thethis re- veryTwoNow, soon, for nearlythe she Road will four die,”Read daysLeana dis- later, said en not to the local public hospital but groups here: Neighboring Rwanda,food.the war is heating up again here, in Americansthe Republicans or Europeans are literally had handing been scholar, in The Arizona Republic this Villagers took what lookedSo we likespoke a tofrom Simona medical Pari of schoolthe old-fashioned at Washington way, by starvingThe village peo- foundhad nothing a teenage to eat but girl bananasThe since peopleed villages here in here Malehe in Congo, were like Yohan-differenceBush is the to Yohanita).bill’s chief proponent. The way to fromNPR liberal 2004 to is 2006 hard — to tofind. about 30 per- The woman, Yohanita Nyiahabi-.blogs.nytimes.com.thatch-roofed village in the hills of patchesbluntly. from “We Congo have toby get the her two to a hos- Andto the patientyet fine — how hospital can in you in Africa. Gomawalk away run by since 1998. Even 21st-century wars “Wepart usedbecause to have Congo plenty is off to the eat, world’s but killedit to us.” in a war, and that white fam- week. bundlegion, people ofReaders rags just out can like of MheroneALEHENorwegian arethatch-roof dying, Congo Refugee byUniversity,inYohanita pain,Council, for is which heron quickly the buttocksple road or exposing examinedto were recovery, cov-them towho disease.immediately could go with agreedthe Yohanita beginning to use and of her May.” help vehi- (Todriven seebutwhich video also out is in ofita, booming muchtheir may be village greater black economically, and by numbers poor ram- and is anon-helpI’m But CongoTimothy under pragmatism isn’t noEgan, delusion to a take isformer being individualthat Seattle drownedour in-cor- cent“Arizona of the vote. is in Yes, play this like state’s never two be- mama, 41, weighed perhapsJoin the Conversation 60eastern Congo, we had a glimpse of contestpital.” winners traveling with fromHeal a human Africa, being an who outstanding will surely aid like Congo’s — the most lethal con- nowradar. we have nothing,” Yohanita’s iliesSome were Republicans starving to knowdeath this.as a Na-re- Remember that prediction on Elec- send columnistshuttheI’m theirand thousands taking comments:laid it a on — student, theof a ground. deadlyhas Leana built mixtureOnly Wen, a school it Yohanita. ered inlying the with village on ulcerating a clean and bed bedsores.That’s in the what Heal makes Af-look warscle after to in thetransport her, de- andof Yohanita ourthe visitfamily and to agreed reada hospi- blogspaging bywithfull Leana ofsoldiers diarrhea, aidymous, workers. in December. malaria, but Butthat this shouldAIDS Yohan- area andmake ofstarving thisterventionout byrespondent peoplethe bullies makes to forthe with The ahospital differenceelectronic Times but and to bull- to the Republicanfore,” said David senators, Waid, John chairman McCain of pounds. She was conscious andwar, and Leana suddenly found her- NicholasThere D. was Kristof: nothing twofortheroad special about diegroup if you with do so? strong American connec- flict since World War II — kill the mother,One Anastasie, measure of told the us. international “We’ve sulttionwide, of that Hispanic war. The support victims for in Repub- isolat- tion Day 2008. Ø nytimes.com/timesselect.wasn’tandof war a teacher, and a bunch poverty. Will of Okun, rags;helped along it waspeople with a here“Ifrica Leana, survive we Hospital. don’t as who con- get Leana had herveloping justsaved to a graduated hospital worldone of soher deadly,thattal. it forwould they be bestand to Will, have goher tak- to nytimes.comita’smalnutrition.eastern family Congo warreturned in isCongo far to noneediertheir less home an and international a yetworkCongohorns, toauthor end (thoughwho’ve theof “The got war it didWorsttheir — make yet partyHard instead quite Time,”leaders a is andthe Jon state’s Kyl, Democratic favor the comprehensive Party. “And stared at us with bright eyes, whis-self called to perform. .blogs.nytimes.com.Yohanita except that she was in front Sotions we (www.healafrica.org). spoke to Simona Pari of the old-fashionedLeana way, bysaves starving a peo- hadindifference nothing to eat is thebut bananas shortage since of aid edlican villages candidates here in Congo, dropped like 10 Yohan- points womanmeInstead on this dying tripof ofspending to starvation. Africa. aflict Herefew has hundred in raged this aroundveryfromfirst soon,them. patients. medical sheSimona will school die,”kill atnot Leana Washington only with said gunsen andfew notThe machetes tomonths villagethe local later, /twofortheroad.) found public but a their hospital teenage crops but girl and isThe home people priority. to hardly here in any Malehe aid groups. were thedifferencerunning Øwara isguest scared.heating to columnist. Yohanita). up again The here, way in to immigrationthe Republicans bill. are And literally yes, President handing pering answers to a few questions. Villagers took what looked like a Joinof the us. Conversation In villages throughoutReaders can the re- NorwegianNow, nearly Refugee four Council, days which later, ple or exposing them to disease. thegroups beginning here: of May.” Neighboring (To see Rwanda, video ita,from may 2004 be to black 2006 and — topoor about and 30 anon- per- Timothy Egan, a former Seattle cor- thatch-roofeddollarsThe woman, trying village to Yohanita save in Yohanita, the Nyiahabi- hills who of bluntly.University,What “We almost have quickly to killed get her Yohanita to examined a hos- wasto who thelivestock could fine hospital go had with been inYohanita Goma taken. runand byhelp Then drivenWorld out Vision of their is one village of the by very ram- fewparthelp because“If Congo they Congo get isn’t their tois off takeway the and individualworld’s the bill Bushit to us.” is the bill’s chief proponent. When she was moved, she screamedbundle of rags out of one thatch-roof sendgion, columnists people just their like comments: her are dying by hasYohanita built a schoolis on the in road the village to recovery, and That’spatient what makes in wars Africa. in the de- of whichour visit is and booming read blogs economically, by Leana is ymous,cent of the but vote. that Yes, should this makestate’s thistwo respondent for The Times and the mama,easternmight die Congo, 41, anyway, weighed we had we a perhaps could glimpse spend 60of pital.”Yohanita.starvation in a narrow sense, butHeallookYohanita after Africa, her,had an anda miscarriage outstanding the family agreedand aid the American groups active here in theradar.starvingdies, so toopeople may to Republican the hospital electoral but to ButSome pragmatism Republicans is know being this. drowned Na- hut and laid it on the ground. Only it nytimes.com/timesselect.the thousands — of a deadly mixture helpedlying people on a clean here bed survive in the as Heal con- Af- velopingpaging soldiers world so in deadly,December. for Yohan- they andfull ofWill, aid workers. go to But nytimes.com this area of warRepublican in Congo senators,no less an Johninternational McCain author of “The Worst Hard Time,” is pounds.war,that andmoney Leana She buying was suddenly vaccines conscious found or her-mos- and Theremore“If we broadly was don’t nothing she get is her specialone to more a hospital about victimgroupthatfamily withit would spent strong be all best Americanits money to have savingconnec- her tak- her North Kivu area. workOneprospects measure to end for the the of war theforeseeable international — yet insteadfuture,” outtionwide, by the Hispanic bullies with support electronic for Repub- bull- wasn’t a bunch of rags; it was a of war and poverty. flictrica has Hospital. raged around Leana savedthem. oneSimona of her killita’s not familyonly with returned guns and to their machetes home a /twofortheroad.)eastern Congo is far needier and yet priority.and Jon Kyl, favor the comprehensiveØ a guest columnist. TimesSelect: staredselfquito called nets at usto to perform. withsave bright a far larger eyes, whis- num-Yohanitaveryof the soon, except warfare she that will thatshe die,” was has Leana in front already said tionsen— not(www.healafrica.org).which to the meant local that public they hospital ran out but of JustLeana imagine saves that four a millionindifferencethewrote war Clintis heating is Bolick,the shortageup aagain conservative ofhere, aid in horns,lican candidateswho’ve got their dropped party 10 leaders points Africa Report: woman dying of starvation. Instead of spending a few hundred first patients. is home to hardly any aid groups. immigration bill. And yes, President Read dis- peringberVillagers of children answers took in to whatother a few lookedvillages. questions. like a of bluntly. us.claimed In villages“We four have million throughout to get lives her theto in a Congo re-hos- toNow,food. the fine nearly hospital four in days Goma later, run by fewAmericans months later, or Europeans but their crops had beenand groupspartscholar, because here: in The Neighboring Congo Arizona is off Republic the Rwanda, world’s this runningfrom 2004 scared. to 2006 — to about 30 per- Two for the Road The woman, Yohanita Nyiahabi- dollars trying to save Yohanita, who What almost killed Yohanita was World Vision is one of the very few Bush is the bill’s chief proponent. patches from Congo by the two WhenbundleAnd she ofyet ragswas — how moved,out canof one youshe thatch-roof screamedwalk awaygion,pital.”since people 1998. just Even like her 21st-century are dying by warsYohanitaHeal“We Africa, usedis on tothe anhave road outstanding plenty to recovery, to eat, aid but livestockkilledpatient in a had war, in been and Africa. that taken. white Then fam-whichradar.week. is booming economically, is cent“If of they the getvote. their Yes, way this andstate’s the two bill mama, 41, weighed perhaps 60 might die anyway, we could spend starvation in a narrow sense, but Yohanita had a miscarriage and the American groups active here in the RepublicanBut pragmatism senators, is being John drowned McCain contest winners traveling with hutfrom and a laidhuman it on being the ground.who will Only surely it thelike thousandsThere Congo’s was — —nothing of thea deadly most special mixture lethal about con-lyinggroupnow on wewith a clean have strong bed nothing,” American in the Heal Yohanita’s connec- Af- ilies were starving to death as a re-full One ofRemember aid measure workers. that of Butprediction the this international area on Elec- of dies, so too may Republican electoral pounds.wasn’t Shea bunch was of conscious rags; it was and a that money buying vaccines or mos- more broadly she is one more victim family spent all its money saving her North Kivu area. outprospectsand by Jon the Kyl,bullies for favor the with foreseeable the electronic comprehensive future,” bull- Nicholas D. Kristof: twofortheroad die if you do so? of Yohanitawarflict and since poverty. except World that War she IIwas — in kill front thericationsmother, Hospital. (www.healafrica.org). Anastasie, Leana saved told one us. of “We’ve her sult ofLeana that war. The saves victims a in isolat-easternindifferencetion Day Congo 2008. is far the needier shortage and of yet aidØhorns, who’ve got their party leaders staredwoman TimesSelect: at dying us with of starvation. bright eyes, whis- quito nets to save a far larger num- of the warfare that has already — which meant that they ran out of Just imagine that four million wroteimmigration Clint bill.Bolick, And a yes, conservative President .blogs.nytimes.com. So we spoke to SimonaAfrica PariReport: of the ofInsteadold-fashioned us. In of villages spending way, throughout a by few starving hundred the peo- re- firsthadNow, patients. nothing nearly to eat four but bananas days later, sincefewed months villages later, here but in Congo,their crops like Yohan- and is groups home to here: hardly Neighboring any aid groups. Rwanda, running scared. peringThe answers woman, to Yohanita a fewRead questions. Nyiahabi- dis- ber of children in other villages. claimed four million lives in Congo food. Americans or Europeans had been scholar,Bush is the in bill’sThe Arizona chief proponent. Republic this Join the Conversation Readers can NorwegianTwo for Refugeethe Road Council, whichdollarsgion,ple or peopletrying exposing justto save themlike Yohanita,her to disease.are dying who by YohanitaWhatthe beginning almost is on killed ofthe May.” road Yohanita (Toto recovery, see was videolivestockita,patient may hadbe black been in and Africa. taken. poor and Then anon-WorldwhichTimothy Vision is Egan, booming is one a former of economically, the verySeattle few cor- is “If they get their way and the bill Whenmama, she was 41, moved, weighed she perhapsscreamed 60 And yet — how can you walk away since 1998. Even 21st-century wars “We used to have plenty to eat, but killed in a war, and that white fam- week.But pragmatism is being drowned send columnists their comments: patcheshas built from a school Congo in by the the village two andmighttheThat’s thousands die anyway, what — makes of we a deadly couldwars inmixture spend the de-starvationlyingof our on visit a in clean and a narrow read bed inblogs sense,the Healby Leana but Af- Yohanitaymous, had but a thatmiscarriage should makeand the thisAmericanfullrespondent of aid groups workers. for active The But Times here this in area and the the of dies, so too may Republican electoral pounds. She was conscious and from a human being who will surely like Congo’s — the most lethal con- now we have nothing,” Yohanita’s ilies were starving to death as a re- outRemember by the bullies that with prediction electronic on Elec- bull- nytimes.com/timesselect. contesthelped winners people heretraveling survive with as con-thatofveloping warmoney and buying worldpoverty. sovaccines deadly, or formos- theymorericaand broadly Hospital. Will, she Leana go is one tosaved more nytimes.com one victim of her familywar spentin Congo all itsno moneyless an savinginternational her Northeasternauthor Kivu ofCongo area. “The is Worst far needier Hard Time,” and yet isprospects for the foreseeable future,” Nicholasstared at D. us Kristof: with bright twofortheroad eyes, whis- die if you do so? flict since World WarReading II — continues kill the on nextmother, page. Anastasie, told us. “We’ve sult of that war. The victims in isolat- tionhorns, Day who’ve 2008. got their party leadersØ flictTimesSelect: has raged aroundAfrica them. Report: SimonaquitokillInstead nets not onlyto of save spendingwith a gunsfar alarger andfew macheteshundred num- of first/twofortheroad.) the patients. warfare that has already —few whichpriority. months meant later, that but they their ran crops out ofandØ isJusta guest home imagine columnist. to hardly that any four aid million groups. wrote Clint Bolick, a conservative .blogs.nytimes.com.pering answers to a few questions. So we spoke to Simona Pari of the old-fashioned way, by starving peo- had nothing to eat but bananas since ed villages here in Congo, like Yohan- running scared. Two for the Road Read dis- berdollars of children trying in to other save villages. Yohanita, who claimedWhat four almost million killed lives Yohanita in Congo was food.livestock had been taken. Then AmericansWorld Vision or Europeans is one of the had very been few scholar, in The Arizona Republic this When she was moved, Readersshe screamed can Norwegian Refugee Council, which ple or exposing them to disease. the beginning of May.” (To see video ita, may be black and poor and anon- Timothy“If they Egan, get theira former way Seattle and the cor- bill patchesJoin the from Conversation Congo by the two mightAnd yet die — anyway,how can you we walk could away spend sincestarvation 1998. Even in a 21st-century narrow sense, wars but Yohanita“We used hadto have a miscarriage plenty to eat, and but the killedAmerican in a war, groups and active that white here fam- in the week. has built a school in the village and That’s what makes wars in the de- of our visit and read blogs by Leana ymous, but that should make this respondentdies, so too may for TheRepublican Times electoral and the contestsend columnists winners traveling their comments: with fromthat a money human buying being whovaccines will surelyor mos- likemore Congo’s broadly — she the is most one lethalmore victim con- nowfamily we spent have all nothing,” its money Yohanita’s saving her iliesNorth were Kivu starving area. to death as a re- Remember that prediction on Elec- nytimes.com/timesselect. helped people here survive as con- veloping world so deadly, for they and Will, go to nytimes.com war in Congo no less an international authorprospects of “Thefor the Worst foreseeable Hard Time,” future,” is NicholasTimesSelect: D. Kristof: twofortheroadAfrica Report: diequito if you nets do so?to save a far larger num- flictof since the warfare World War that II has — kill already the mother,— which Anastasie, meant that told they us. ran “We’ve out of sult Justof that imagine war. The thatvictims four in isolat- million tionwrote Day 2008. Clint Bolick, a conservativeØ flict has raged around them. Simona old-fashionedkill not only way,with guns by starving and machetes peo- /twofortheroad.) priority. Ø a guest columnist. .blogs.nytimes.com.Two for the Road Read dis- berSo we of childrenspoke to in Simona other villages. Pari of the claimed four millionSHOUL D lives REPOR in TE CongoRS ADVhadOfood.CATE? nothing25 to eat but bananas since edAmericans villages here or in Europeans Congo, like hadYohan- been scholar, in The Arizona Republic this Joinpatches the Conversation from Congo Readersby the two can NorwegianAnd yet Refugee — how can Council, you walk which away plesince or exposing 1998. Even them 21st-centuryto disease. wars the beginning“We used toof haveMay.” plenty (To see to eat,video but ita,killed may inbe a black war, and and poor that and white anon- fam- Timothyweek. Egan, a former Seattle cor- sendcontest columnists winners their traveling comments: with hasfrom built a human a school being in the who village will surely and likeThat’s Congo’s what makes — the wars most in lethal the de- con- of nowour visit we haveand read nothing,” blogs by Yohanita’s Leana ymous,ilies were but starving that should to death make as thisa re- respondentRemember for that The prediction Times and on theElec- nytimes.com/timesselect.Nicholas D. Kristof: twofortheroad helpeddie if you people do so? here survive as con- velopingflict since world World so deadly, War II for— kill they the andmother, Will, Anastasie, go to told nytimes.com us. “We’ve warsult in of Congo that war. no less The an victims international in isolat- authortion Day of “The 2008. Worst Hard Time,” is Ø .blogs.nytimes.com. flict Sohas we raged spoke around to Simona them. Pari Simona of the killold-fashioned not only with way, guns by and starving machetes peo- /twofortheroad.)had nothing to eat but bananas since priority.ed villages here in Congo, like Yohan-Ø a guest columnist. Join the Conversation Readers can Norwegian Refugee Council, which ple or exposing them to disease. the beginning of May.” (To see video ita, may be black and poor and anon- Timothy Egan, a former Seattle cor- send columnists their comments: has built a school in the village and That’s what makes wars in the de- of our visit and read blogs by Leana ymous, but that should make this respondent for The Times and the nytimes.com/timesselect. helped people here survive as con- veloping world so deadly, for they and Will, go to nytimes.com war in Congo no less an international author of “The Worst Hard Time,” is flict has raged around them. Simona kill not only with guns and machetes /twofortheroad.) priority. Ø a guest columnist. Nxxx,2007-06-21,A,023,Bs-BW,E1

THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED THURSDAY, JUNE 21, 2007 N A23

TIMOTHY EGAN The Seasons RAYMOND PETTIBON Republicans Summer Losing The West Nxxx,2007-06-21,A,023,Bs-BW,E1 SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. He was loud, he was blustery and he was clear: our country is being over- run by Mexicans. To back his bark, he Nxxx,2007-06-21,A,023,Bs-BW,E1 wrote, “Whatever It Takes,” as subtle THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED THURSDAY, JUNE 21, 2007 N A23 as a cactus poke. He had money, and he had the power of office, a 12-year incumbency. In the end, J. D. Hayworth, a Repub- THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED THURSDAY, JUNE 21, 2007 TIMOTHYN EGAN A23 Nxxx,2007-06-21,A,023,Bs-BW,E1 lican, was kicked out of his Congres- The Seasons sional seat here last year. In the glossy white suburbs of Phoenix, im- RAYMOND PETTIBON RepublicansTIMOTHY EGAN migrant-bashing backfired. The Seasons Farther south, in a district that is THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED THURSDAY, JUNE 21, 2007 N A23 ground zero in the border wars — the RAYMOND PETTIBON seared-over patch of Arizona desert RepublicansLosing where the Minutemen patrol, more Summer Mayberry than Concord — another TIMOTHY EGAN TheSummer Seasons TheLosing West RAYMOND PETTIBON RepublicansSCOTTSDALE, Ariz. Laughing all the He was loud, he was blustery and he was clear:The our country West is being over- way to a new run by Mexicans.Losing To SbackCOTTSDALE his bark,, Ariz. he Summer wrote,He was“Whatever loud, he It was Takes,” blustery as subtle and he majority. aswas a cactus clear: poke.our country He had is money, being over-and herun had by theMexicans. power ofTo office,back his a 12-yearbark, he incumbency.wrote,The “Whatever West It Takes,” as subtle Republican took an even harsher asIn a the cactus end, J.poke. D. Hayworth, He had money, a Repub- and stance. The anti-immigration extrem- Nxxx,2007-06-21,A,023,Bs-BW,E1 lican,he had was the kicked power out S ofCOTTSDALE ofoffice, his Congres- a 12-year, Ariz. ist, Randy Graf, was crushed. sionalincumbency.He was seat loud, here he was last blustery year. Inand the he For Republicans in Arizona, the re- glossywasIn clear: the white end, our suburbs J. country D. Hayworth, of is Phoenix, being a Repub- over- im- sult was a net loss of two Congression- migrant-bashingrunlican, by Mexicans. was kicked backfired. To out back of his bark, Congres- he al seats. wrote,sionalFarther “Whatever seat south, here inIt lastTakes,” a district year. as thatsubtle In the is Americans are genuinely conflicted THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED THURSDAY, JUNE 21, 2007 N A23 groundasglossy a cactus zero white poke.in suburbsthe He border had of Phoenix,money,wars — and the im- and troubled about porous borders seared-overhemigrant-bashing had the power patch backfired. of of office, Arizona a 12-year desert and the 12 million or more illegal im- Raymond Pettibon, “No title (Outside! Caught Inside),” pen, ink and collage on paper, 2007. Courtesy Regen Projects, Los Angeles. Text on the work reads as follows: OUTSIDE! CAUGHT INSIDE. With every going out and comingwhere in, with the touching Minutemen bottom and patrol, more with coming up for air, or staying in the tube, there is a longing for escape, beyond the sea, for a lifting, from time to time, of the actual horizon (like the necessity under which the painter finds himself, with his last tube, to set a windowincumbency.Farther or open d oorway south, in the in a district that is migrants in our midst. But to hear pol- background of his picture). MayberryIn the end, than J. D. Concord Hayworth, — a anotherRepub- TIMOTHY EGAN ground zero in the border wars — the iticians who have been scorched by lican,seared-over was kicked patch out of of Arizona his Congres- desert the blowhard fringe tell it, they’re fac- The Seasons sionalwhere seat the Minutemenhere last year. patrol, In more the ing a tidal wave of opposition to a con- glossyMayberry white than suburbs Concord of Phoenix, — another im- sensus change in the status quo. RAYMOND PETTIBON migrant-bashingLaughing backfired. all the Last week, Senator Trent Lott, the Republicans Farther south, in a district that is Republican whip, blamed talk radio groundway zero in theto bordera new wars — the for the possibly fatal collapse of the seared-overLaughing patch of Arizonaall the desert immigration reform bill. Summer Losing where the majority. Minutemen patrol, more “Talk radio is running America,” he The Empire Slate Mayberry than Concord — another told The Times. “We have to deal with way to a new that problem.” needed to fight for their home state, nent’s platform. The criticism took. and labor. So the boss, in an effort to Dewey would prevail over President Just a few years out of probation for By Charles Euchner which nominees usually take for The Democratic party splintered. get ridThe of his young West nemesis, helped RepublicanFranklin Roosevelt. majority. took an But even Dewey harsher used praising the Old Confederacy vision of granted. (In all four races with can- And Lincoln prevailed. to engineer Roosevelt’s selection as stance.his base The in New anti-immigration York to battle extrem- Roose- a Paleolithic senator, Mr. Lott knows SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. ist, RandyLaughing Graf, was crushed. all the HAMDEN, Conn. didates from the same state, the win- While subsequent elections with President William McKinley’s run- velt, making the race closer than what it’s like to be burned by free He was loud, he was blustery and he For Republicans in Arizona, the re- ILLIONS of voters ner of the home state also won the same-state presidential candidates ning mate in 1900. With McKinley’s manyRepublican thought tookpossible. an Thougheven harsher Dew- speech friction. But he is wrong to con- was clear: our country is being over- sult wasway a net loss to of a two new Congression- change party affili- election.) Nearby states also became have not rivaled the Lincoln-Douglas assassination in 1901, Roosevelt be- eystance. won justThe anti-immigration 12 of 48 states, heextrem- was fuse the medium with the electorate. run by Mexicans. To back his bark, he al seats. The front lines of this problem are ation every year, up for grabs. With the candidates race in either import or spirit, they came president. competitiveist, Randymajority. Graf, in 14 was other crushed. key states. fighting to get control of their base, have come with ties and entangle- wrote,The two “Whatever reformers It Takes,” — one volcanic, as subtle DeweyAmericansFor heldRepublicans Roosevelt are genuinely in Arizona,to less conflicted than the 53re- in the fast-growing states of the Amer- with little effect on as a cactus poke. He had money, and states outside the region usually got ments that have given them a special the other placid — fought for the andpercentsult troubledwas of a thenet aboutlossvote of in poroustwo New Congression- York borders and ican West. And the closer you get to the trench warfare he had the power of office, a 12-year less attention. And though the candi- dynamic. White House in the next election. andfoural seats. the other 12 million Northeastern or more statesillegal andim- the border, the more voters back poli- Raymond Pettibon, “No title (Outside! Caught Inside),” pen, ink and collageof American on paper, 2007. Courtesy poli- Regen Projects, Los Angeles. Text on the work reads as follows: OUTSIDE! CAUGHT INSIDE. With every going out and comingincumbency. in, with touching bottom and with coming up for air, or staying in the tube, there is a longing for escape, beyond the sea, for a lifting, fromdates time tooften time, ofdiffered the actual horizon substantially (like the necessity on under which the painter finds himself, with his last tube, to set a window or open doorway in the migrantsRepublicanfourAmericans Midwestern in our took are midst. states.genuinely an But even Into hearconflicted most harsher pol- of ticians who are looking for middle background of his picture). tics.M But for the first time since In 1904, Theodore Roosevelt easily Parker’s role was to get bloodied In the end, J. D. Hayworth, a Repub- iticians who have been scorched by the issues, they brought to the race beat Alton Parker. The country was with dignity by the popular young stance.thoseand states, troubled The anti-immigration big-city about party porous machines extrem- borders ground — and punish those who follow Dwight Eisenhower declared him- lican, was kicked out of his Congres- the blowhard fringe tell it, they’re fac- the rant-for-ratings route. the shared values and sensibilities of captivated by Roosevelt’s reformist Republican president so the Demo- ist,carriedand Randy the the 12 Graf, daymillion forwas Roosevelt.or crushed. more illegal im- Raymond Pettibon, “No title (Outside! Caughtself Inside),” a Republican pen, ink and incollage 1952, on paper, it’s possible 2007. Courtesy Regen Projects, Los Angeles. Text on the work reads as follows: OUTSIDE! CAUGHT INSIDE. With every going out and comingsional in, with seat touching here bottom last and year. In the ing a tidal wave of opposition to a con- In just the last six years, Arizona’s with coming up for air, or staying in the tube, there is a longing for escape, beyond the sea, for a lifting, fromtheir time states. to time, of the actual horizon (like the necessity underzeal. which Roosevelt the painter finds took himself, on withevery his last major tube, to set acrats window could or open dregroupoorway in the for another day. migrantsForIf the Republicans news in our media midst. in Arizona, But had to reported hear the re-pol- background of his picture). that one man’s new political label glossy white suburbs of Phoenix, im- sensussult was change a net loss in the of statustwo Congression- quo. population grew by 20 percent, Neva- As the Lincoln-Douglas battle problem of the times — from trusts The situation played out a little dif- Roosevelt’siticians who failing have health,been scorched if Dewey by could truly transform a presidential migrant-bashing backfired. al Lastseats. week, Senator Trent Lott, the da’s by 25 percent, Colorado’s by 10 showed, same-state candidates com- to the environment to labor condi- ferently in 1920, setting up not a re- hadthe moreblowhard experience fringe tell as it, a they’re governor fac- campaign. Farther south, in a district that is RepublicaningAmericans a tidal wave whip, are of genuinely blamed opposition talkconflicted to radioa con- percent and New Mexico’s by 7.5 per- pletely change the political calculus tions — and projected American formist presidency but a corrupt one. (he had served less than two years), When Michael Bloomberg ground zero in the border wars — the forandsensus the troubled possiblychange about in fatal the status porous collapse quo. borders of the cent. These four states may be the big- for the whole election, from the nomi- Warren Harding owed his Repub- or if the contest had not taken place switched his party affiliation from seared-over patch of Arizona desert immigrationandLast the 12 week, million reform Senator or bill. more Trent illegal Lott, im- the gest battleground in next year’s presi- Raymond Pettibon, “No title (Outside! Caught Inside),” pen, ink and collage on paper, 2007. Courtesy Regennation Projects, process Los Angele tos. Text the on the general work reads elec- as follows: OUTSIDE! CAUGHT INSIDE. With every going out and cominglicanwhere in, withnomination the touching Minutemen bottom to andJames patrol, Cox’s more se- in “Talk wartime, radio Rooseveltis running America,” might have he with coming up for air, or staying in the tube,Republican there is a longing to for independentescape, beyond the sea, on for Tues- a lifting, from time to time, of the actual horizon (like the necessity under which the painter finds himself, with his last tube, to set a window or open doorway in the migrantsRepublican in our whip, midst. blamed But to talkhear radiopol- dential race, with 29 electoral votes — background of his picture). Thetion. Empire Slate lectionMayberry as the than Democratic Concord — nominee. another toldbeen The beatable. Times. “We have to deal with day, he coyly opened the door for a iticiansfor the who possibly have fatal been collapse scorched of by the more than Florida or Ohio. historic election in 2008. If Mr. Starting with their famous debates When presidential “As Ohio goes, so goes the Union,” thattheimmigrationDewey’s blowhard problem.” New fringe reform York tell bill. it, career they’re bore fac- Hispanics make up 28 percent of Ar- needed to fight for their home state, nent’s platform. The criticism took. and labor. So the boss, in an effort to Dewey would prevail over President By Charles Euchner Bloomberg uses his fortune to fi- in the 1858 race for the Senate seat went the old saying. In the elections ingtheJust “Talka imprint tidal a few radio wave years of is Roosevelt’s of running outopposition of probation America,” activism. to a con- for he izona, 24 percent of Nevada, 20 per- whichnance a nomineesthird-party usually campaign, takeThe and for if Thefrom Empire DemocraticIllinois, Lincoln party used splintered. Douglas’s Slateget ridnominees of his young nemesis, come helped Franklinsince the Roosevelt. Civil War, But Ohio Dewey has votedused praisingsensusElectedtold The change governorthe Times. Old in Confederacy the“We in status 1942,have Deweyquo.to visiondeal withde- of cent of Colorado and 43 percent of granted.Hillary Clinton (In all andfour Rudolph races with Giuliani can- Andprominence Lincoln prevailed. to create openings for to engineer Roosevelt’s selection as hisfor base winnersLaughing in New all York but fourto all battle times. the Roose- The avelopedthat PaleolithicLast problem.” week, a Republican senator, Senator Mr. Trentversion Lott Lott, knowsof the New Mexico. The rap is that they don’t HAMDEN, Conn. didateswinneeded the from Democraticto fight the forsame theirand state, Republicanhome the state,win- himself.nent’sWhile platform. He subsequent worked The hard, elections criticism for exam- with took. Presidentfromand labor. the WilliamSo the same boss, McKinley’s in anstate. effort run- to velt,RepublicansDewey making would did theprevail not race want over closer toPresident let than the whatRepublicanNewJust Deal. it’s a few like whip, years to be blamed out burned of probation talk by radio free for vote. Not yet, at least. But they’re the speech friction. But he is wrong to con- By CharlesILLIONS Euchner of voters nernominations,which of the nominees home three state usually serious also wontake candi- the for same-stateple,The to Democraticdiscredit presidential Douglas’s party candidates argument splintered. ningget rid mate of his in 1900.young With nemesis, McKinley’s helped manyDemocratsFranklin thought Roosevelt. take possible. Ohio But without Though Dewey a Dew- con-used forpraisingThroughout the possibly the Old the fatalConfederacy campaign, collapse vision Dewey of the of fastest-growing part of the electorate. way to a new fuse the medium with the electorate. change party affili- election.)datesgranted. will Nearbycall(In allNew four states York races alsohome. withbecame can- havethatAnd states notLincoln rivaled should prevailed. the decide Lincoln-Douglas the slavery assassinationto engineer Roosevelt’s in 1901, Roosevelt selection be- as eytest.his won base just in New 12 of York 48 states,to battle he Roose- was immigrationseemeda Paleolithic a paler reform senator, shade bill. Mr. of Lott his oppo-knows Still, on the air it’s open war against up for grabs. With the candidates race in either import or spirit, they came president. competitive in 14 other key states. The front lines of this problem are the browning of America — tinged ation H everyAMDEN ,year, Conn. didatesCandidates from the from same the state, same the state win- questionWhile for subsequent themselves. elections When Doug- with mightPresident overseas. William The McKinley’s twist is that run- velt,With making Harding’s the racenomination, closer than the nent.what“Talk He it’s radio disappointed like is torunning be burned followersAmerica,” by free byhe fighting to get control of theirThe base, have Empire come with ties and entangle- SlateThe two reformers — one volcanic, Dewey heldmajority. Roosevelt to less than 53 intold the The fast-growing Times. “We states have of to the deal Amer- with with slurs that disrespect all Hispan- with little effect on havener of faced the home each state other also only won four the lassame-state won the Senate presidential seat, Lincoln candidates nev- ning mate in 1900. With McKinley’s Republicansmany thought neutralized possible. Though any poten- Dew- notspeech attacking friction. Roosevelt But he is wrong over partyto con- ILLIONS of voters Parker himself had strong reformist ican West. And the closer you get to ics. Consider Hayworth, who gives he- the trench warfare stateselection.) outside Nearby the regionstates alsousually became got mentserhave stopped notthat rivaled fighting.have given the In Lincoln-Douglas them1859, hea special called theassassination other placid in 1901,— fought Roosevelt for the be- percenttialey wonDemocratic of just the 12vote ofadvantage in 48 New states, York in he Ohio. and was thatandfuse problem.”labor the medium corruption, with thecourt electorate. packing, change party affili- neededtimes in to presidentialfight for their elections. home state, The nent’s platform. The criticism took. andbonafides. labor. So the boss, in an effort to Dewey would prevail over President the border, the more voters back poli- lium a bad name. Ousted from his of American poli- lessup attention. for grabs. And With though the the candidates candi- dynamic.Douglasrace in “the either most import dangerous or spirit, enemy they Whitecame president. House in the next election. fourHardingcompetitive other appealed Northeastern in 14 for other a states“return key states. and to SocialJustThe a Securityfront few years lines and outof this of military probation problem pre- forare By Charlesation Euchner every year, whichfirst such nominees time, the usually 1860 take race for in The Democratic party splintered. getIndeed, rid of his the young outlines nemesis, of the helped 1904 FranklinRepublican Roosevelt. took an But even Dewey harsher used ticians who are looking for middle seat, he now uses the megaphone of a tics.M But for the first time since datesfighting often to differed get control substantially of their base, on ofhave Inliberty, 1904, come becauseTheodore with the ties Roosevelt most and insidious entangle- easily Parker’sThe two role reformers was to — get one bloodiedvolcanic, fournormalcy”Dewey Midwestern held after Roosevelt Woodrow states. to Inless Wilson’s most than of 53 praisingparednessin the fast-growing the before Old Confederacy Pearl states Harbor. of the vision Amer- of with little effect on which Abraham Lincoln defeated a election were set seven years earlier, ground — and punish those who follow Phoenix talk station to promote his so- thegranted.states issues, outside (In they all the four brought region races to usually with the racecan- got beatAndone.”ments LincolnAlton that Parker. haveprevailed. given The them country a special was withtothe engineer otherdignity placid Roosevelt’s by the — popular fought selection for young asthe thosehisactiviststance.percent base states, Thein of DemocraticNew the anti-immigrationbig-city voteYork in partyto New battle presidency, machines York extrem-Roose- and aican Paleolithic West. Andsenator, the closerMr. Lott you knows get to Dwight Eisenhowerthe declared trench warfare him- fellow Illinoisan, Stephen Douglas, in 1897, when the Republican Party theDewey rant-for-ratings acknowledged route. that Roose- lution: all undocumented immigrants HAMDEN, Conn. thedidates shared from values the same and sensibilitiesstate, the win- of captivatedWhile subsequent by Roosevelt’s elections reformist with RepublicanPresident William president McKinley’s so the Demo- run- carriedvelt,ist, Randy making the Graf,day the for was Roosevelt. race crushed. closer than whatthe border, it’s like the to more be burnedvoters back by free poli- self a Republican inof 1952, American it’s possible poli- wasless theattention. most consequentialAnd though the of candi- all. dynamic.Lincoln’s attacks won him more machineWhite House of Thomas in the Platt next suffered election. a Worldfour otherWar I Northeasternand the bitter fight states over and velt’sIn just activism, the last in six New years, York Arizona’s and be- theirner of states. the home state also won the zeal.same-state Roosevelt presidential took on every candidates major cratsning matecould inregroup 1900. Withfor another McKinley’s day. manyIfFor the thought Republicans news possible. media in Arizona, had Though reported theDew- re- speechticians friction. who are But lookinghe is wrong for to middle con- would be given 120 days to leave the thattics.M one But man’s for theILLIONS new first political time of voters label since Thedates other often three differed — involving substantially the New on headlinesIn 1904, — Theodore and provoked Roosevelt specula- easily devastatingParker’s role defeat was in New to get York bloodied City. thefour League Midwestern of Nations. states. In most of populationyond, shaped grew his by career. 20 percent, “I am Neva- a di- election.) Nearby states also became have not rivaled the Lincoln-Douglas assassination in 1901, Roosevelt be- eysult won was just a net 12 loss of of 48 two states, Congression- he was fuseground the medium— and punish with the those electorate. who follow country — or face a massive, forceful could truly transformchange a presidentialparty affili- theAs issues, the Lincoln-Douglas they brought to the battle race problemtionbeat that Alton ofhe theParker.might times make The — fromacountry good trusts can- was withThe situation dignity by played the popularout a little young dif- Roosevelt’sthoseWithout states, a failing big-city fellow health, Ohioanparty ifmachines Dewey in the rect lineal descendant of F.D.R. with- Dwight Eisenhower declared him- upYorkers for grabs. Theodore With Roosevelt the candidates and Al- race in either import or spirit, they camePlatt’s president. candidates for mayor and competitiveal seats. in 14 other key states. da’stheThe rant-for-ratings by front 25 percent,lines of Colorado’sroute.this problem by are 10 roundup and deportation. campaign. ation every year, showed,the shared same-state values and candidates sensibilities com- of todidatecaptivated the for environment president. by Roosevelt’s to labor reformist condi- ferentlymanyRepublican other in 1920, offices president setting were so upcast the not out Demo- a re-by hadrace,carried more Cox the experience would day for have Roosevelt. as easilya governor won percentout the and personal New Mexico’s charm,” by he 7.5 said, per- self a Republican in 1952, it’s possible fightington Parker to getin 1904, control the Ohioans of their base,War- have come with ties and entangle- The two reformers — one volcanic, DeweyAmericans held Roosevelt are genuinely to less conflicted than 53 in theIn fast-growingjust the last sixstates years, of the Arizona’s Amer- Right. And this would be done, no When Michaelwith little Bloomberg effect on pletelytheir states. change the political calculus tionszeal.When Roosevelt — Douglas and projected tooktook onthe every Democrat- American major formistancrats electorate could presidency regroup unhappy but for a anothercorrupt with party day.one. (heOhioIf had and the served built news a less strong media than base had two in reportedyears), near- cent.wryly These referring four states to the may Chicago be the Trib- big- that one man’s new political label statesren Harding outside and the James region Coxusually in 1920, got ments that have given them a special the other placid — fought for the percentand troubled of the vote about in porousNew York borders and icanpopulation West. Andgrew the by closer20 percent, you get Neva- to doubt, by the same people who switched his partythe affiliation trench warfare from forand Asthe the whole the New election, Lincoln-Douglas Yorkers from the Franklin nomi- battle icproblem nomination, of the the times Republicans — from need-trusts Warrencorruption.The situation Harding played owed out his a little Repub- dif- orbyRoosevelt’s ifstates. the contest Cox failing had had a stellar health,not taken record if Deweyplace as gestune’s battleground coverage of inhis next career. year’s presi- could truly transform a presidential less attention. And though the candi- dynamic. White House in the next election. fourand the other 12 million Northeastern or more states illegal and im- theda’s border, by 25 the percent, more voters Colorado’s back bypoli- 10 couldn’t stop a single tuberculosis car- Raymond Pettibon, “No title (Outside! CaughtRepublican Inside),” pen, toink and independent ofcollage American on paper, on 2007. Tues- Courtesy poli- RegennationRooseveltshowed, Projects, process same-stateLos and Angele to Thomass. Text the candidates on generalthe work Dewey reads elec-com- as in follows:edto OUTSIDE! a the candidate environment CAUGHT INSIDE. to battle Withto laborevery Douglas going condi- out in and cominglicanferentlyOne in, nomination with of touching in the 1920, surprisebottom to setting Jamesand Democratic up Cox’s not a se- re- ingovernor,had wartime, more withexperience Roosevelt reforms as might a of governor rural have dentialIt is unclearrace, with what 29 electoral Hillary votesClinton, — rier from entering the country. with coming up for air, or staying in the tube,campaign. there is a longing for escape, beyond the sea, for a lifting, fromdates time often to time, differedof the actual horizonsubstantially (like the necessity on under Inwhich 1904, the painter Theodore finds himself, Roosevelt with his last easily tube, to set aParker’s window or open role doorway was in the to get bloodied fourmigrants Midwestern in our midst. states. But In to mosthear pol- of ticianspercent who and are New lookingMexico’s for by middle7.5 per- background of his picture). tics.M But for the first time since tion. tions — and projected American lection as the Democratic nominee. been beatable. day, he coyly opened the door for a 1944pletely — were change also the tinged political by the calculus intra- Western states like Illinois. As Doug- winnersformist thatpresidency year included but a corrupt Parker, one. a schools,iticians(he had labor, whoserved have budget less been than and scorched twopublic years), ad- by moreRudolph than Giuliani Florida or and Ohio. (maybe) Mi- The syndicated talker Neal Boortz When Michael Bloomberg the issues, they brought to the race beat Alton Parker. The country was with dignity by the popular young those states, big-city party machines groundcent. These — and four punish states those may who be thefollow big- historicDwight Eisenhower election in declared 2008. If him- Mr. muralforStarting the rivalry. whole with election, their famous from thedebates nomi- las’sWhen constant presidential antagonist, Lincoln “AscandidateWarren Ohio Hardinggoes, for chief so goes owed justice the his Union,” of Repub- the ministration,theorDewey’s ifblowhard the contest New roadsfringe Yorkhad and tell not prisons.it, career takenthey’re boreplace fac- thechaelHispanics rant-for-ratings Bloomberg make up willroute. 28 percent have to of sayAr- chuckles at the human collision along switched his party affiliation from the shared values and sensibilities of captivated by Roosevelt’s reformist Republican president so the Demo- carried the day for Roosevelt. gest battleground in next year’s presi- Bloombergself a Republican uses in his 1952, fortune it’s possible to fi- innation the 1858 process race tofor the the general Senate seat elec- was an obvious choice. If the Demo- wentstate’slican the nomination Court old saying. of Appeals. to InJames the To elections Cox’s rebuild se- theinginBut imprint wartime,a tidal Midwesterners wave of Roosevelt Roosevelt’s of opposition had might activism. a to choice a havecon- izona,aboutIn just one24 the percent another’s last six of Nevada,years,records Arizona’s in 20 New per- an advanced border fence. “I don’t Republican to independent on Tues- theirWhat states. changed with these unusual zeal. Roosevelt took on every major crats could regroup for another day. If the news media had reported dential race, with 29 electoral votes — nancethatday, one hea third-party coyly man’s opened new campaign, political the door and label for if a fromraces?tion. Illinois, For starters, Lincoln both used candidates Douglas’s cratsnominees had picked someone come from, say, sincethelection freshly the as Civil defeated the War, Democratic Republican Ohio has nominee. voted Par- Electedandsensusbeen went beatable. changegovernor with in the the in 1942, manstatus Dewey and quo. party de- centpopulationYork.more of than It Colorado is grew Florida clear, by and though, or20 Ohio. percent, 43 percent that Neva- each of care if Mexicans pile up against that As the Lincoln-Douglas battle problem of the times — from trusts The situation played out a little dif- Roosevelt’s failing health, if Dewey New Mexico. The rap is that they don’t Hillarycouldhistoric truly Clinton election transform and Rudolph in a 2008.presidential Giuliani If Mr. prominenceStarting with to createtheir famous openings debates for NewWhen York, the Republicanspresidential probably forty,“As Boss winners Ohio Platt goes, all agreed but so goesfour to give times. the the Union,” 1898 The velopedpromisingLastDewey’s week,a Republicana quieter New Senator York brand version Trent career of politics. Lott, of borethe the da’swillHispanics have by 25 a percent,strong make up chance Colorado’s 28 percent to build by of Ar- 10a fence like tumbleweeds in the Santa showed, same-state candidates com- to the environment to labor condi- ferently in 1920, setting up not a re- had more experience as a governor vote. Not yet, at least. But they’re the wincampaign.Bloomberg the Democratic uses his and fortune Republican to fi- himself.Charlesin the 1858Euchner, He worked race forthe hard, theauthor Senate for of exam- “Ex- seat wouldfrom not thehave nominated same Lincoln.state. Republicansgubernatorialwent the old did saying. nomination not wantIn the to elections thelet the re- NewTheRepublicanthe campaign Deal. imprint whip, of turned Roosevelt’s blamed on the talk activism.national radio percentnationalizona, 24 andcampaign. percent New Mexico’s of And Nevada, it’s by a 7.5 pretty 20 per- per- Ana winds,” he said on Monday. And pletely change the political calculus tions — and projected American formist presidency but a corrupt one. (he had served less than two years), fastest-growing part of the electorate. nominations,nanceWhen a third-party Michael three campaign, serious Bloomberg candi- and if ple,traordinaryfrom to Illinois,discredit Politics: Lincoln Douglas’s used How argument Douglas’s Protest Lincoln,nominees who knew Douglas’s come posi- Democratsform-mindedsince the Civiltake Roosevelt. War,Ohio without Ohio has a votedcon- moodforElectedThroughout the of possiblygovernor weariness the fatal campaign,in toward1942, collapse Dewey DeweyWilson of thede- cent.faircent betThese of that Colorado four each states andwill may 43also be percent havethe big- to of two hosts of something called the “Pa- for the whole election, from the nomi- Warren Harding owed his Repub- or if the contest had not taken place Still, on the air it’s open war against triot Radio News Hour” here mocked datesswitchedHillary will Clinton call his New party and York Rudolph affiliation home. Giuliani from thatandprominence Dissentstates should are to Changing create decide openingsthe American slavery for tions and weaknesses better than test.forPlatt winners quickly all regretted but four his times. choice. The seemedandimmigrationveloped the aa Democrats. palerRepublican reform shade bill. Harding versionof his oppo-of pre- the gestspendNew battleground Mexico. time and The energy inrap next is campaigningthat year’s they presi- don’t nation process to the general elec- lican nomination to James Cox’s se- in wartime, Roosevelt might have the browning of America — tinged the Hispanic Games, held last week- RepublicanwinCandidates the Democratic to from independent the and same Republican on Tues- state questionDemocracy,”himself. for He themselves. workedis writing hard, a When book for Doug-about exam- mightanyone,from overseas. was the also perfectlysame The twist positioned state. is that HeRepublicansWith could Harding’snot control did not nomination,Roosevelt want to — let the the nent.vailed.New“Talk Deal. He radio disappointed is running followers America,” by he dentialinvote. a placeNot race, yet, generalwith at least.29 electoral election But they’re votes candi- the — Thetion. Empire Slate lection as the Democratic nominee. beentold Thebeatable. Times. “We have to deal with with slurs that disrespect all Hispan- end in Phoenix. They suggested haveday,nominations, he faced coyly each opened three other the serious door only candi-for four a lassuicideple, won to atdiscreditthe the Senate Golden Douglas’s seat, Gate Lincoln Bridge. argument nev- Parkerto exploit himself contradications had strong in reformist his oppo- RepublicanstwoDemocrats battled take over neutralized Ohio patronage, without any poten- trustsa con- notIn Throughout attacking 1944, no Roosevelt one the campaign,thought over Thomas Dewey party moredatesfastest-growing thanrarely Florida go: Home.part or Ohio. of the electorate.Ø Starting with their famous debates When presidential “As Ohio goes, so goes the Union,” thatDewey’s problem.” New York career bore ics.Hispanics Consider make Hayworth, up 28 percentwho gives of Ar-he- “jumping the fence” and “leaving the timeshistoricdates inwill presidentialelection call New in York elections. 2008. home. If The Mr. erthat stopped states fighting. should decideIn 1859, the he slaverycalled bonafides. tialtest. Democratic advantage in Ohio. andseemed labor acorruption, paler shade court of packing, his oppo- Still, on the air it’s open war against needed to fight for their home state, innent’s the 1858 platform. race for The the criticism Senate seattook. and labor. So the boss, in an effort to wentDewey the would old saying. prevail In over the Presidentelections theJust imprint a few of years Roosevelt’s out of probation activism. for lium a bad name. Ousted from his scene of an accident” as competitive firstBloomberg such time, uses histhe fortune 1860 race to fi- in Douglasquestion “the for themselves.most dangerous When enemy Doug- Indeed, the outlines of the 1904 HardingWith appealedHarding’s for nomination, a “return theto Socialnent. He Security disappointed and military followers pre- by izona,the browning 24 percent of of America Nevada, — 20tinged per- By Charles Euchner whichCandidates nominees from usually the same take state for fromThe Illinois, Democratic Lincoln party used Douglas’s splintered. getmight rid of overseas. his young The nemesis, twist ishelped that sinceFranklin the CivilRoosevelt. War, But Ohio Dewey has voted used Electedpraising governor the Old Confederacy in 1942, Dewey vision de- of seat,cent he of now Colorado uses the and megaphone 43 percent of ofa events for Latino athletes. Ha-ha. whichnance a Abraham third-party Lincoln campaign, defeated and if a oflas liberty, won the because Senate the seat, most Lincoln insidious nev- electionnominees were set seven comeyears earlier, normalcy”Republicans after neutralized Woodrow any Wilson’s poten- parednessnot attacking before Roosevelt Pearl Harbor. over party with slurs that disrespect all Hispan- granted.have faced (In all each four other races onlywith can- four And Lincoln prevailed. toParker engineer himself Roosevelt’s had strong selection reformist as forhis winnersbase in New all butYork four to battle times. Roose- The a Paleolithic senator, Mr. Lott knows PhoenixNew Mexico. talk stationThe rap to is promote that they his don’t so- Democrats are laughing all the way fellowHillary Illinoisan,Clinton and Stephen Rudolph Douglas,Giuliani one.”prominenceer stopped fighting. to create In 1859, openings he called for in 1897, when the Republican Party activisttial Democratic Democratic advantage presidency, in Ohio. velopedandDewey labor a acknowledgedRepublican corruption, versioncourt that packing, Roose-of the ics. Consider Hayworth, who gives he- didatestimes in from presidential the same elections.state, the win- The While subsequent elections with Presidentbonafides. William McKinley’s run- Republicansvelt,NICHOLAS making did the notD. race wantKRISTOF closer to let than the what it’s like to be burned by free lution:vote.lium Not aall badyet, undocumented at name. least. Ousted But immigrants they’re from the his to a new Western majority. In 2004, HAMDEN, Conn. waswin the the Democratic most consequential and Republican of all. himself.DouglasLincoln’s He “the workedattacks most dangerous hard, won him for exam-enemy more machinefrom ofthe Thomas same Platt sufferedstate. a WorldHarding War appealed I and the forbitter a fight “return over to velt’sNewSocial Deal. activism, Security in New and York military and be- pre- nerfirst of such the home time, state the 1860also won race the in same-state presidential candidates ningIndeed, mate thein 1900. outlines With of McKinley’s the 1904 Democratsmany thought take possible. Ohio without Though a Dew-con- speech friction. But he is wrong to con- wouldfastest-growingseat, he be now given uses part 120 the daysof megaphonethe to electorate. leave theof a they picked up a Senate and a Con- ILLIONS of voters Thenominations, other three three — involving serious the candi- New headlinesple,of liberty, to discredit — because and Douglas’s provoked the most argument specula-insidious devastating defeat in New York City. thenormalcy” League of after Nations. Woodrow Wilson’s yond,parednessThroughout shaped before his the career. Pearl campaign, Harbor. “I am Dewey a di- election.)which Abraham Nearby Lincolnstates also defeated became a have not rivaled the Lincoln-Douglas assassinationelection were set in 1901,seven Rooseveltyears earlier, be- test.ey won just 12 of 48 states, he was fuse the medium with the electorate. countryPhoenixStill, on — talkthe or faceairstation it’s a massive,open to promote war forceful against his so- gressional seat in Colorado, with two change party affili- Yorkersdates will Theodore call New RooseveltYork home. and Al- tionthatone.” thatstates he should might decidemake athe good slavery can- Platt’s candidates for mayor and activistWithout Democratica fellow Ohioan presidency, in the rectseemedDewey lineal a descendant acknowledgedpaler shade of ofF.D.R. that his Roose- oppo-with- upfellow for Illinoisan, grabs. With Stephen the candidates Douglas, race in either import or spirit, they camein 1897, president. when the Republican Party competitive in 14 other key states. The front lines of this problem are roundupthelution: browning alland undocumented deportation. of America immigrants — tinged Hispanic brothers in cowboy hats. And ation every year, tonCandidates Parker in 1904, from the the Ohioans same War- state didatequestionLincoln’s for for president. themselves. attacks won When him Doug- more manymight other overseas. offices The were twist cast isout that by race,WorldWith Cox War Harding’s wouldI and the have nomination, bitter easily fight wonover the outnent.velt’s the He activism, personal disappointed in charm,”New followersYork he and said, bybe- fightingwas the to most get control consequential of their of base, all. have come with ties and entangle-A machineStudent,The two of reformers Thomas Platt— one suffereda volcanic, Teacher a Dewey held Roosevelt and to less thana 53 Glimpsein the fast-growing states of of theWar Amer- withwouldRight. slurs be And that given this disrespect 120 would days beall to done, leaveHispan- no the they did it with counties where an with little effect on have faced each other only four lasWhen won theDouglas Senate took seat, the Lincoln Democrat- nev- Parker himself had strong reformist OhioRepublicans and built neutralized a strong base any in poten-near- wrylynot attacking referring Roosevelt to the Chicago over partyTrib- renThe Harding other three and —James involving Cox inthe 1920, New headlines — and provoked specula- andevastating electorate defeat unhappy in New with York party City. the League of Nations. icanyond, West. shaped And his the career. closer “I you am get a di- to doubt,ics.country Consider by — orthe Hayworth, face same a massive, who people gives forceful who he- NPR liberal is hard to find. the trench warfare timesstates inoutside presidential the region elections. usually The got erments stopped that fighting. have given In 1859, them he a specialcalled bonafides.the other placid — fought for the bytialpercent states. Democratic of Cox the had vote advantage a stellarin New record York in Ohio. and as and labor corruption, court packing, andYorkers the Theodore New Yorkers Roosevelt Franklin and Al- iction nomination, that he might the Republicans makeMALEHE a good, Congo need- can- corruption.inPlatt’s pain, for candidates her buttocks for mayor were cov- and immediatelyWithout a agreed fellow to Ohioan use her invehi- the une’sbuttherect alsoborder, linealcoverage in descendantthe much ofmore his greater career.voters of F.D.R. numbersback with-poli- couldn’tliumroundupI’m aunder badstop and a name. nodeportation. single delusion Oustedtuberculosis that from our car- hisin- “Arizona is in play like never be- of American poli- less attention. And though the candi- Douglasdynamic. “the most dangerous enemy White House in the next election. Hardingfour other appealed Northeastern for a “return states and to Social Security and military pre- Rooseveltfirstton Parker such and time,in 1904, Thomas the the 1860 Ohioans Dewey race War- in eddidateI’m a candidate taking for president. a student,to battle Leana Douglas Wen, in eredmanyOneIndeed, with ofother ulcerating the the offices surprise outlines bedsores.were ofDemocratic cast the out 1904 by governor,clerace, to transport Cox with would Yohanita reforms have to easily of a hospi- rural won withticiansoutIt is the diarrhea, unclear who personal are what malaria, looking charm,” Hillary AIDS for Clinton, he middle andsaid, rierseat,terventionRight. from he now enteringAnd makesuses this thethe would a megaphone country. difference be done, of to noa fore,” said David Waid, chairman of tics.M But for the first time since whichdates Abrahamoften differed Lincoln substantially defeated on a of liberty,In 1904, because Theodore the Roosevelt most insidious easily Parker’s role was to get bloodied normalcy”four Midwestern after Woodrow states. In Wilson’s most of paredness before Pearl Harbor. 1944ren —Harding were also and tinged James by Cox the in intra- 1920, WesternandWhen a teacher, statesDouglas Willlike took Illinois.Okun, the along Democrat- As Doug- with winnerselectionanLeana, electorate werethat who year set had unhappyseven included just years withgraduatedParker, earlier, party a schools,tal.Ohio and labor, built budget a strong and base public in near- ad- Rudolphmalnutrition.groundwryly referring — Giuliani and punish to and the those (maybe)Chicago who follow Trib- Mi- PhoenixCongodoubt,The syndicated (though talk by station the it talker same did to promote make Neal people quite Boortzhis whoso- a the state’s Democratic Party. “And Dwight Eisenhower declared him- the issues, they brought to the race one.”beat Alton Parker. The country was with dignity by the popular young activistthose states, Democratic big-city party presidency, machines Dewey acknowledged that Roose- muralfellowand rivalry. the Illinoisan, New YorkersStephen Douglas, Franklin las’smeic nomination,on constantthis trip to the antagonist, Africa. Republicans Here Lincoln in need- this candidateinfromcorruption. 1897, medical when for the school chief Republican justiceat Washington of Party the ministration,byThe states. village Cox roads foundhad anda stellar a prisons. teenage record girl as chaeltheune’sThe rant-for-ratings Bloombergcoverage people here of his will route. in career. Malehe have to were say chuckleslution:differencecouldn’t all atstop undocumented tothe a Yohanita). humansingle tuberculosis collision immigrants The way along car- to the Republicans are literally handing self a Republican in 1952, it’s possible the shared values and sensibilities of captivatedLincoln’s by attacks Roosevelt’s won him reformist more Republican president so the Demo- Worldcarried War the I day and for the Roosevelt. bitter fight over velt’s activism, in New York and be- wasRooseveltWhat the changed most and consequential withThomas these Dewey unusual of all. in wasthatch-roofeded aan candidate obvious village choice. to battle in If the the Douglas hillsDemo- of in state’smachineUniversity,One Court ofof theThomas of quickly surprise Appeals. Platt Democratic Tosuffered examined rebuild a whogovernor,But could Midwesterners go with with Yohanita reforms had aand of choice helprural aboutdrivenInIt isjust one outunclear the another’s of last their what six village records years,Hillary Arizona’s by inClinton, ram- New anwouldhelprier advanced from Congo be given entering isn’t border 120 to the days take fence. country. to individual leave “I don’t the it to us.” that one man’s new political label their states. headlineszeal. Roosevelt — and took provoked on every specula- major devastatingcrats could regroupdefeat in for New another York City.day. theIf League the news of Nations. media had reported yond, shaped his career. “I am a di- care if Mexicans pile up against that races?The1944 other — For were three starters, also — tingedinvolving both bycandidates the intra-New cratseasternWestern had Congo, statespicked welike someone had Illinois. a glimpsefrom, As Doug- say, of theYohanita.winners freshly that defeated year included Republican Parker, Par- a andlookschools, after went labor, her, with and budget the the man family and and public agreed party ad- York.pagingpopulationRudolph It soldiers is Giuliani grew clear, in by December. though, and20 percent, (maybe) that Yohan- Neva- each Mi- countrystarvingThe syndicated— people or face to athe talkermassive, hospital Neal forceful but Boortz to Some Republicans know this. Na- could truly transform a presidential YorkersAs the Theodore Lincoln-Douglas Roosevelt and battle Al- tionproblem that heof mightthe times make — afrom good trusts can- Platt’sThe situation candidates played for out mayor a little and dif- Roosevelt’sWithout a failing fellow health, Ohioan if in Dewey the rect lineal descendant of F.D.R. with- fence like tumbleweeds in the Santa mural rivalry. Newwar,las’s York,and constant Leana the Republicans suddenly antagonist, found probably Lincoln her- ty,candidate“If Boss we Platt don’t for agreed get chief her to justice togive a the hospital of 1898 the promisingthatministration, it would a quieter be roads best brand andto have prisons. of herpolitics. tak- willita’sda’schael havefamily by Bloomberg 25a strong percent,returned chance will Colorado’sto their have to homebuild to by say a 10 roundupworkchuckles to and end at deportation.the the human war — collision yet instead along tionwide, Hispanic support for Repub- campaign. showed, same-state candidates com- didateto the for environment president. to labor condi- ferently in 1920, setting up not a rerace,had more Cox experience would have as easily a governor won out the personal charm,” he said, Ana winds,” he said on Monday. And Charleston WhatParker Euchner, changed in 1904, thewith the author Ohioans these of unusual War-“Ex- wouldselfwas called an not obvious have to perform. nominated choice. If Lincoln. the Demo- gubernatorialmanyverystate’s soon, other Court she offices nomination of will Appeals. were die,” Leanacast to To theout rebuild said re-by Theen notBut campaign to Midwesterners the local turned public on hadthehospital national a choice but nationalpercentabout one campaign. and another’s New Mexico’s And records it’s by a 7.5pretty in New per- theanRight. war advanced is And heating this border wouldup again fence. be done, here, “I don’t noin lican candidates dropped 10 points pletely change the political calculus tionsWhen — Douglas and projected took the Democrat- American formist presidency but a corrupt one. Ohio(he hadand servedbuilt a lessstrong than base two in years), near- wryly referring to the Chicago Trib- two hosts of something called the “Pa- from 2004 to 2006 — to about 30 per- When Michael Bloomberg traordinaryrenraces? Harding For starters,and Politics: James both How Cox candidates Protestin 1920, cratsLincoln,Villagers had whopicked took knew whatsomeone Douglas’s looked from, like posi- say, a form-mindedanbluntly.the electorate freshly “We defeated have Roosevelt. unhappy to get Republican her with to a party hos- Par- moodtoand the went fineof weariness hospital with the in towardman Goma and runWilson party by faircent.York. bet These It that is four clear, each states will though, may also be that have the each big- to doubt,partcare because if byMexicans the Congo same pile is offup people theagainst world’s who that for the whole election, from the nomi- Warren Harding owed his Repub- byor states.if the contestCox had had a stellar not taken record place as triot Radio News Hour” here mocked switched his party affiliation from and Dissent the New are Changing Yorkers American Franklin tionsicbundleNew nomination, York, and of rags weaknessesthe theout Republicans Republicansof one better thatch-roof probably need- than corruption.pital.”ty,Platt Boss quickly Platt agreed regretted to give his choice.the 1898 andHealpromising the Africa, Democrats. a quieter an outstanding brand Harding of politics. pre- aid spendune’sgestwill battlegroundhavecoverage time aand strong of energy his in chancenext career. campaigning year’s to build presi- a couldn’tradar.fence like stop tumbleweeds a single tuberculosis in the Santa car- cent of the vote. Yes, this state’s two Republican to independent on Tues- Rooseveltnation process and Thomasto the general Dewey elec- in edhut aand candidate laid it on to the battle ground. Douglas Only init licanOne nomination of the surprise to James Democratic Cox’s se- governor,in wartime, with Roosevelt reforms might of rural have dentialIt is unclear race, with what 29 electoralHillary Clinton, votes — therier Hispanicfrom entering Games, the country. held last week- Republican senators, John McCain Democracy,”Charles Euchner, is writing the author a book of about “Ex- anyone,would not was have also nominated perfectly positioned Lincoln. HegubernatorialThere could not was control nothing nomination Roosevelt special to the— about the re- vailed.groupThe campaign with strong turned American on the connec-national innational a place campaign. general And election it’s a candi- pretty AnaOne winds,” measure he saidof the on international Monday. And tion. Westernwasn’t a states bunch like of Illinois. rags; itAs wasDoug- a lection as the Democratic nominee. schools,been beatable. labor, budget and public ad- Rudolphmore than Giuliani Florida andor Ohio. (maybe) Mi- endThe in syndicated Phoenix. talker They Neal suggested Boortz and Jon Kyl, favor the comprehensive day, he coyly opened the door for a suicide1944traordinary — wereat the also Golden Politics: tinged Gate Howby Bridge. the Protest intra- to exploitLincoln, contradications who knew Douglas’s in his oppo- posi- twowinnersYohanitaform-minded battled that except overyear Roosevelt. that included patronage, she was Parker, in trusts front a tionsmoodIn (www.healafrica.org). 1944, of weariness no one thought toward Thomas Wilson datesfair betrarelyLeana that go: each Home. saves will also a have Ø to indifferencetwo hosts of something is the shortage called the of “Pa- aid Starting with their famous debates las’swomanWhen constant dying ofpresidential starvation. antagonist, Lincoln “As Ohio goes, so goes the Union,” ministration,Dewey’s Newroads York and prisons. career bore chaelHispanics Bloomberg make up will 28 havepercent to of say Ar- “jumpingchuckles atthe the fence” human and collision “leaving along the immigration bill. And yes, President historic election in 2008. If Mr. muraland Dissent rivalry. are Changing American tions and weaknesses better than candidateof us.Platt In quickly villages for chief regretted throughout justice his the ofchoice. the re- andNow, the nearly Democrats. four Harding days later, pre- spend time and energy campaigning groupstriot Radio here: News Neighboring Hour” here Rwanda, mocked Bloomberg uses his fortune to fi- inWhat the 1858 changed race with for the these Senate unusual seat wasThe an woman,obvious choice. Yohanita If the Nyiahabi- Demo- state’swent the Court old ofsaying. Appeals. In the To elections rebuild theBut imprint Midwesterners of Roosevelt’s had a activism. choice aboutizona, one 24 percent another’s of records Nevada, in 20 New per- sceneanthe advanced Hispanic of an accident” border Games, fence. as held competitive last “I don’t week- Bush is the bill’s chief proponent. Democracy,” is writing a book about anyone, was also perfectly positioned gion,He could people not just control like her Roosevelt are dying — bythe Yohanitavailed. is on the road to recovery, in patient a place general in Africa. election candi- eventswhich for is Latino booming athletes. economically, Ha-ha. is nance a third-party campaign, and if races?from Illinois, For starters, Lincoln both used candidates Douglas’s cratsmama,nominees had 41, picked weighed someone come perhaps from, say, 60 thesince freshly the Civildefeated War, Republican Ohio has votedPar- andElected went governor with the in man1942, andDewey party de- York.cent of It Coloradois clear, though, and 43 thatpercent each of careend if inMexicans Phoenix. pile Theyup against suggested that But pragmatism is being drowned suicide at the Golden Gate Bridge. to exploit contradications in his oppo- thetwo thousands battled over — of a patronage, deadly mixture trusts lyingIn on 1944, a clean no one bed thought in the Heal Thomas Af- dates rarely go: Home. Ø fullDemocrats of aid workers. are laughing But this all the area way of Hillary Clinton and Rudolph Giuliani prominence to create openings for Newpounds. York, She the Republicans was conscious probably and ty,for Boss winners Platt allagreed but fourto give times. the 1898 The promisingveloped a aRepublican quieter brand version of politics. of the willNew have Mexico. a strong The rap chance is that to they build don’t a fence“jumping like tumbleweedsthe fence” and in “leaving the Santa the out by the bullies with electronic bull- of war and poverty. rica Hospital. Leana saved one of her toeastern a new Congo Western is far majority. needier Inand 2004, yet win the Democratic and Republican himself. He worked hard, for exam- wouldstaredfrom not at have usthe with nominated same bright eyes,Lincoln. state. whis- gubernatorialRepublicansNICHOLAS did nomination D. not KRISTOF want to to the let re- the TheNew campaign Deal. turned on the national nationalvote. Not campaign. yet, at least. And But it’s they’re a pretty the Anascene winds,” of an he accident” said on as Monday. competitive And horns, who’ve got their party leaders Charles Euchner, the author of “Ex- Instead of spending a few hundred first patients. few months later, but their crops and theyis home picked to uphardly a Senate any aid and groups. a Con- running scared. nominations, three serious candi- ple, to discredit Douglas’s argument peringLincoln, answers who knew to a Douglas’s few questions. posi- form-mindedDemocrats take Roosevelt. Ohio without a con- moodThroughout of weariness the campaign, toward Wilson Dewey fairfastest-growing bet that each part will of the also electorate. have to twoevents hosts for of Latino something athletes. called Ha-ha. the “Pa- traordinary Politics: How Protest dollars trying to save Yohanita, who What almost killed Yohanita was livestock had been taken. Then gressionalWorld Vision seat is in one Colorado, of the very with fewtwo “If they get their way and the bill dates will call New York home. that states should decide the slavery tionsWhen she and was weaknesses moved, she better screamed than test.Platt quickly regretted his choice. andseemed the a Democrats. paler shade Harding of his oppo- pre- spendStill, time on the and air energy it’s open campaigning war against triotDemocrats Radio News are Hour” laughing here all mocked the way and Dissent are Changing American might die anyway, we could spend starvation in a narrow sense, but Yohanita had a miscarriage and the HispanicAmerican brothers groups in active cowboy here hats. in And the dies, so too may Republican electoral question for themselves. When Doug- anyone, was also perfectly positioned He WithcouldNICHOLAS not Harding’s control D. Roosevelt nomination, KRISTOF — the the vailed.nent. He disappointed followers by inthe a browning place general of America election — candi- tinged theto aHispanic new Western Games, majority. held last In week- 2004, Candidates from the same state Democracy,” is writing a book about might overseas. The twist is that that money buying vaccines or mos- more broadly she is one more victim family spent all its money saving her theyNorth). did Kivu it area. with counties where an las won the Senate seat, Lincoln nev-A Student, a TeacherRepublicans neutralized and any a poten- Glimpsenot attacking Roosevelt of over War party with slurs that disrespect all Hispan- endthey in picked Phoenix. up a Senate They and suggested a Con- prospects for the foreseeable future,” have faced each other only four suicide at the Golden Gate Bridge. toParker exploit himself contradications had strong in reformisthis oppo- twoquito battlednets to oversave a patronage, far larger trustsnum- of In the 1944, warfare no one that thought has Thomas already dates— which rarely meant go: Home.that they ran out ofØ NPRJust liberal imagine is hard that to find. four million wrote Clint Bolick, a conservative er stopped fighting. In 1859, he called TimesSelect: Africa Report: tial Democratic advantage in Ohio. and labor corruption, court packing, ics. Consider Hayworth, who gives he- “jumpinggressional the seat fence” in Colorado, and “leaving with the two times in presidential elections. The MALEHE, Congo inbonafides. pain, for her buttocks were cov- immediatelyber of children agreed in other to villages.use her vehi- butclaimed also four in much million greater lives innumbers Congo food.I’m under no delusion that our in- Americans“Arizona is or in Europeans play like neverhad been be- scholar, in The Arizona Republic this Douglas “the most dangerous enemy Two for the Road Read dis- Harding appealed for a “return to Social Security and military pre- lium a bad name. Ousted from his sceneHispanic of an brothers accident” in cowboy as competitive hats. And first such time, the 1860 race in I’m taking a student, Leana Wen, eredpatchesIndeed, with from ulcerating the Congo outlines bedsores.by the of two the 1904 cleAnd to transport yet — how Yohanita can you walkto a hospi- away withsince diarrhea, 1998. Even malaria, 21st-century AIDS wars and terventionseat,“We he used now makesto uses have the plenty a megaphone difference to eat, butof to a fore,”killed saidin a war,David and Waid, that chairman white fam- of week. of liberty, because the most insidiousA Student, a Teachernormalcy” after and Woodrow Wilson’s a Glimpseparedness before Pearl of Harbor. War eventsthey didfor Latino it with athletes. counties Ha-ha. where an which Abraham Lincoln defeated a and a teacher, Will Okun, along with electionLeana, were who set had seven just years graduated earlier, tal.from a human being who will surely malnutrition.like Congo’s — the most lethal con- CongonowPhoenix we (though talk have station nothing,” it did to makepromote Yohanita’s quite his so- a theilies state’swere starving Democratic to death Party. as “Anda re- Remember that prediction on Elec- contest winners traveling with www.wjzo.com NPRDemocrats liberal isare hard laughing to find. all the way fellow Illinoisan, Stephen Douglas, one.” in 1897, when the Republican Party activist Democratic presidency, Dewey acknowledged that Roose- the Republicans are literally handing me on this trip to Africa.MALEHE Here in, Congo this fromNicholasin pain, medical D. for Kristof: her school buttocks twofortheroad at Washington were cov- dieimmediatelyThe NICHOLASif you village do so? agreed found D. KRISTOF ato teenageuse her vehi- girl flictbutThe since also people in World much here War greaterin Malehe II — numbers kill were the differencemother,lution:I’m under all Anastasie, toundocumented Yohanita).no delusion told The us.immigrantsthat “We’ve way our toin- tosult a“Arizona of new that Western war. is inThe play majority. victims like neverin In isolat- 2004, be- tion Day 2008. Ø was the most consequential of all. Lincoln’s attacks won him more machine of Thomas Platt suffered a World War I and the bitter fight over velt’s activism, in New York and be- thatch-roofedI’m taking village a student, in the Leana hills Wen, of University,.blogs.nytimes.com.ered with ulcerating quickly bedsores. examined whocleSo couldtowe transport spoke go with to YohanitaSimona Yohanita Pari to and a of hospi- help the drivenold-fashionedwith diarrhea, out of way, their malaria, by village starving AIDS by ram- peo- and helphadwouldtervention nothing Congo be given to isn’t makes eat 120 tobut days takea bananas difference to individual leave since the to ittheyedfore,” to villages us.” picked said here David up ain SenateCongo, Waid, like chairmanand Yohan- a Con- of The other three — involving the New headlines — and provoked specula- devastating defeat in New York City. the League of Nations. yond, shaped his career. “I am a di- Some Republicans know this. Na- easternand a teacher, Congo, weWill had Okun, a glimpse along with of Yohanita.JoinLeana, the Conversation who had justReaders graduated can lookNorwegiantal. after her, Refugee and the Council, family agreed which pagingplemalnutrition. or exposing soldiers themin December. to disease. Yohan- starvingthecountryCongo beginning (though—people or offace toMay.” it thea did massive, hospital (To make see forceful quite butvideo to a gressionalita,the may state’s be seat black Democratic in and Colorado, poor Party. and with anon- “And two Timothy Egan, a former Seattle cor- Yorkers Theodore Roosevelt and Al- war,tion andthat Leanahe might suddenly make afound good her-can- Platt’s candidates for mayor and Without a fellow Ohioan in the rect lineal descendant of F.D.R. with- tionwide, Hispanic support for Repub- me on this trip to Africa. Here in this sendfrom“If columnistswe medical don’t get school their her comments: at to Washington a hospital thathasThe builtit would village a school be foundbest in to the ahave teenage village her tak- and girl ita’sThat’sThe family people what returned makes here intowars their Malehe in home the were de- a workofroundupdifference our tovisit endand and to deportation. the Yohanita). read war blogs — yet The by instead Leana way to Hispanicymous,the Republicans butbrothers that arein should cowboy literally make hats. handing And this respondent for The Times and the ton Parker in 1904, the Ohioans War- selfdidate called for topresident. perform. many other offices were cast out by race, Cox would have easily won out the personal charm,” he said, Right. And this would be done, no lican candidates dropped 10 points thatch-roofed village in the hillsA of verynytimes.com/timesselect.Student,University, soon, she will quickly die,” Leana a examined saidTeacherenhelpedwho not could to people the go local with here andpublic Yohanita survive hospital and asa con-but help Glimpsevelopingdriven out world of their so deadly, villageof forWar by they ram- theandhelp war CongoWill, is heating isn’tgo toup takeagain nytimes.com individual here, in theywarit to in us.” did Congo it with no less counties an international where an author of “The Worst Hard Time,” is ren Harding and James Cox in 1920, VillagersWhen Douglas took whattook the looked Democrat- like a an electorate unhappy with party Ohio and built a strong base in near- wryly referring to the Chicago Trib- doubt, by the same people who fromNPR liberal 2004 to is 2006 hard — to tofind. about 30 per- eastern Congo, we had a glimpse of bluntly.Yohanita. “We have to get her to a hos- toflictlook the has after fine raged her, hospital aroundand the in them.Goma family Simona run agreed by killpaging not only soldiers with in guns December. and machetes Yohan- part/twofortheroad.)starving because people Congo to the is off hospital the world’s but to priority.Some Republicans know this. Na-Ø a guest columnist. and the New Yorkers Franklin bundleic nomination, of rags outthe ofRepublicans one thatch-roof need- corruption. by states. Cox had a stellar record as une’s coverage of his career. couldn’t stop a single tuberculosis car- centCourtesy of Will Okun ( of the vote. Yes, this state’s two war, and Leana suddenlyMALEHE found, Congo her- pital.”in pain,“If we for don’t her get buttocks her to were a hospital cov- Healimmediatelythat it Africa, would agreed be an best outstanding to to use have her her vehi- aid tak- but also in much greater numbers radar.workI’m under to end no the delusion war — that yet our instead in- tionwide,“Arizona Hispanic is in play support like neverfor Repub- be- huted and a candidate laid it on tothe battle ground. Douglas Only it in governor, with reforms of rural ita’sIt isfamily unclear returned what Hillaryto their Clinton,home a rier from entering the country. Republican senators, John McCain Roosevelt and Thomas Dewey in selfI’m called taking to aperform. student, Leana Wen, eredveryThereOne with soon, of wasulcerating the she nothing surprise will bedsores. die,” special Democratic Leana about said groupcleen to not transportwith to the strong local Yohanita American public hospitalto aconnec- hospi- but with diarrhea, malaria, AIDS and terventionYohanita,theOne war measure likeis makesheating millions of the aupof others differenceagain international in here, Congo, to in fore,”lican said candidates David Waid, dropped chairman 10 points of wasn’tWestern a states bunch like of Illinois. rags; it As was Doug- a schools, labor, budget and public ad- Rudolph Giuliani and (maybe) Mi- The syndicated talker Neal Boortz andthe Jon state’s Kyl, Democraticfavor the comprehensive Party. “And 1944 — were also tinged by the intra- andVillagers a teacher, took Will what Okun, looked along likewith a Yohanitawinnersbluntly.Leana, “Wethatexcept who yearhave hadthat includedto she justget washer graduated Parker, into fronta hos- a tionstal.to the (www.healafrica.org). fine hospital in Goma run by malnutrition.Leana saves a indifferenceCongosufferedpart because (though as a isresult Congo itthe did of shortage is armed make off the conflict quite world’s of aid a in from 2004 to 2006 — to about 30 per- womanlas’s constantdying of starvation. antagonist, Lincoln ministration, roads and prisons. chael Bloomberg will have to say chuckles at the human collision along immigrationthe Republicans bill. are And literally yes, President handing mural rivalry. mebundle on this of triprags to out Africa. of one Here thatch-roof in this offromcandidatepital.” us. medical In villages for school chief throughout at justice Washington the of re- the HealNow,The village Africa, nearly found an four outstanding a teenagedays later, girl aid The people here in Malehe were groupsdifferencetheradar. region. here: to Yohanita). Neighboring The Rwanda, way to cent of the vote. Yes, this state’s two thatch-roofedwasThe an woman, obvious village Yohanitachoice. in If the Nyiahabi-the hills Demo- of state’s Court of Appeals. To rebuild But Midwesterners had a choice about one another’s records in New an advanced border fence. “I don’t BushitRepublican to us.” is the bill’s senators, chief proponent. John McCain What changed with these unusual hut and laid it on the ground. Only it gion,University,There people was just quicklynothing like her specialare examined dying about by Yohanitawhogroup could with is go onstrong with the Yohanita roadAmerican to recovery, and connec- help drivenpatient out of their in villageAfrica. by ram- whichhelpOne Congo is measure booming isn’t of to economically, the take international individual is mama,easterncrats had Congo, 41, picked weighed we someone had a perhaps glimpse from, say, 60 of the freshly defeated Republican Par- and went with the man and party York. It is clear, though, that each care if Mexicans pile up against that andButSome Jon pragmatism RepublicansKyl, favor the is know being comprehensive this. drowned Na- races? For starters, both candidates wasn’t a bunch of rags; it was a theYohanita.Yohanita thousands except — of that a deadly she was mixture in front lyinglooktions after on(www.healafrica.org). a her, clean and bed the in family the Heal agreed Af- paging Leanasoldiers in December. saves Yohan-a fullstarvingindifference of aid people workers. is to the the But shortage hospital this area but of aidofto pounds.war,New and York, SheLeana the wasRepublicans suddenly conscious found probably her- and ty, Boss Platt agreed to give the 1898 promising a quieter brand of politics. will have a strong chance to build a fence like tumbleweeds in the Santa outtionwide,immigration by the Hispanic bullies bill. with support And electronic yes, for President Repub- bull- woman dying of starvation. ofof “Ifwar us. we and In don’t villagespoverty. get throughout her to a hospital the re- ricathatNow, Hospital.it would nearly be Leana best four savedto have days one her of later, tak-her ita’s family returned to their home a easternworkgroups to Congo endhere: the is Neighboring far war needier — yet Rwanda,and instead yet staredselfwould called not at ustohave perform. with nominated bright eyes, Lincoln. whis- The campaign turned on the national national campaign. And it’s a pretty Ana winds,” he said on Monday. And horns,licanBush candidatesiswho’ve the bill’s got chief their dropped proponent. party 10 leaders points Charles Euchner, the author of “Ex- The woman, Yohanita Nyiahabi- verygubernatorialgion,Instead soon, people of she spendingjust nominationwill like die,” her a few are Leana tohundred dying the said re-by firstenYohanita not patients. to the is localon the public road hospitalto recovery, but few monthspatient later, inbut theirAfrica. crops and isthewhich home war isis to boomingheating hardly up any economically, again aid here, groups. in is peringVillagers answers took to what a few looked questions. like a two hosts of something called the “Pa- runningfromBut 2004 pragmatismscared. to 2006 — is to being about drowned 30 per- traordinary Politics: How Protest mama,Lincoln, 41, who weighed knew Douglas’s perhaps posi- 60 dollarsbluntly.form-minded trying“We have Roosevelt.to save to get Yohanita, her to a whohos- tomood What the fine of almost weariness hospital killed in toward Yohanita Goma run Wilson was by livestockfair bet that had each been will taken. also have Then to Worldpart because Vision Congo is one is of off the the very world’s few Whenbundle she of ragswas moved,out of one she thatch-roof screamed the thousands — of a deadly mixture lying on a clean bed in the Heal Af- triotfull ofRadio aid workers.News Hour” But here this mocked area of centout“If by of they the getvote.bullies their Yes, with way this electronic andstate’s the twobull- bill and Dissent are Changing American tionspounds. and She weaknesses was conscious better than and mightpital.”Platt die quickly anyway, regretted we could his choice. spend starvationHealand the Africa, Democrats. in a an narrow outstanding Harding sense, butpre-aid Yohanitaspend time had and a miscarriage energy campaigning and the Americanradar. groups active here in the hut and laid it on the ground. Only it of war and poverty. rica Hospital. 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Then World Vision is one of the very few “If they get their way and the bill might die anyway, we could spend starvation in a narrow sense, but Yohanita had a miscarriage and the American groups active here in the dies, so too may Republican electoral that money buying vaccines or mos- more broadly she is one more victim family spent all its money saving her North Kivu area. prospects for the foreseeable future,” TimesSelect: Africa Report: quito nets to save a far larger num- of the warfare that has already — which meant that they ran out of Just imagine that four million wrote Clint Bolick, a conservative ber of children in other villages. claimed four million lives in Congo food. Americans or Europeans had been scholar, in The Arizona Republic this Two for the Road Read dis- 26 TEACHING REPORTER patches from Congo by the two And yet — how can you walk away since 1998. Even 21st-century wars “We used to have plenty to eat, but killed in a war, and that white fam- week. contest winners traveling with from a human being who will surely like Congo’s — the most lethal con- now we have nothing,” Yohanita’s ilies were starving to death as a re- Remember that prediction on Elec- Nicholas D. Kristof: twofortheroad die if you do so? flict since World War II — kill the mother, Anastasie, told us. “We’ve sult of that war. The victims in isolat- tion Day 2008. Ø .blogs.nytimes.com. So we spoke to Simona Pari of the old-fashioned way, by starving peo- had nothing to eat but bananas since ed villages here in Congo, like Yohan- Join the Conversation Readers can Norwegian Refugee Council, which ple or exposing them to disease. the beginning of May.” (To see video ita, may be black and poor and anon- Timothy Egan, a former Seattle cor- send columnists their comments: has built a school in the village and That’s what makes wars in the de- of our visit and read blogs by Leana ymous, but that should make this respondent for The Times and the nytimes.com/timesselect. helped people here survive as con- veloping world so deadly, for they and Will, go to nytimes.com war in Congo no less an international author of “The Worst Hard Time,” is flict has raged around them. Simona kill not only with guns and machetes /twofortheroad.) priority. Ø a guest columnist. Reading 4: On the Media10

The following is an excerpt from Brooke Gladstone’s interview with Nicholas Kristof on the public radio program On the Media (December 2009).

BROOKE GLADSTONE: So you wrote in Outside Magazine recently that you had a revelation when it came to covering Darfur in 2004, but it was coming back that opened your eyes to coverage of Pale Male.

NICHOLAS KRISTOF: That’s right. At the same time that I was so frustrated by the lack of response to genocide, I found a cause that New Yorkers really could rally around, and that was the eviction of a red-tailed hawk called Pale Male. The building in which he was living had taken down his nest, and New Yorkers were galvanized. And I was just thinking, you know, if only we could get as much indignation and action to prevent genocide as we could about a homeless red-tailed hawk. And that kind of got me thinking about how one can make that connection.

BROOKE GLADSTONE: And so you looked at some recent research about what moves us, information that’s a big part of marketing.

NICHOLAS KRISTOF: Well, I came across social psychologist Paul Slovic, who has done a great deal of work in this area, and the experiments typically involve exposing people to a particular scenario and then seeing if they will contribute. One of the classic experiments involves a seven-year-old girl from the country of Mali who’s starving and asking if people will help her out. Everybody wants to help Rokia. But if you ask people to help 21 million hungry people in Africa, nobody particularly wants to help them. Maybe what I found even more depressing is that the moment you even provide more background information [on] Rokia, if you say that she is hungry because of a famine in her country, then interest in helping her tends to drop. You know, we all know that at some point people tend to get numbed and tune out, but one of the things that I found fascinating was the number at which we tend to tune out. It’s not a million, it’s not a thousand, it’s not even a hundred—it’s two.

BROOKE GLADSTONE: Two! It was just amazing to me to read that. You’ve got starving little Rokia. You add her starving brother, and people are less likely to support.

NICHOLAS KRISTOF: That’s right. Even though people are very generous in supporting either Rokia or the boy, Moussa, the moment you put them together, they’re less willing to help just two seven-year-old kids. And, you know, so the moment we start talking about hundreds of thousands, people’s eyes just glaze over. . . .

BROOKE GLADSTONE: How do you finesse a story that might not end happily? Because,

SHOULD REPORTERS ADVOCATE? 27 obviously, you’re an advocacy journalist; you report not just to report but to spur action. . . . So you’ve been writing that these sorts of rules—an emphasis on individuals rather than groups, not worrying so much about context, putting the spotlight on positive stories—that these are being heeded by companies trying to sell soap more than they are by philanthropic organizations.

NICHOLAS KRISTOF: You know, at the end of the day I think humanitarians really feel very awkward and embarrassed about marketing, but it really doesn’t matter whether a shampoo gets better marketing. It does matter when a famine or a huge crisis is—well, I hate to use the [term] “marketed better,” but, you know, is publicized in a way that will be more effective.

BROOKE GLADSTONE: Have you seen a product with no social significance be marketed according to these rules?

NICHOLAS KRISTOF: Sure. I mean, any time you see a shampoo, for example, being marketed, it’s not based on the fact that, you know, 38 percent of adults have shinier hair when they use this product. It’s about, you know, one particular person who—wow, she looks better and she’s going to get a better date or whatever it may be. It’s these individual stories that feel kind of empowering and heartwarming. I mean, one of the challenges for me, frankly, is that if you follow this research, then you would leave out context. All you would do would be telling individual stories, and that would be one step too far for me. I do want to connect with people and inform them about these larger problems. So my compromise is that I do try to find a story that will resonate with people. But then at that point I try to throw in the larger context, the background information, and make it clear, in the case of the Congo, for example, how many millions of people are affected and hope that doesn’t deter the power of that individual story. . . .

BROOKE GLADSTONE: You said that you flinch when you get called an advocacy journalist, but when you sit down to write a column, what is it that you’re trying to achieve?

NICHOLAS KRISTOF: Yeah. Well, I’m advocating. But I’m reluctant to be called out on it. My career was as a reporter, and there’s an uncomfortable tension there, because one of the reasons that I became a journalist is, frankly, that I wanted to make a difference. And yet, at the same time, there is sometimes a perception that an advocate is somebody who goes out and finds evidence to buttress their preexisting convictions. And that’s why I flinch.

BROOKE GLADSTONE: But you can tell the truth and still want to spark a particular action.

NICHOLAS KRISTOF: Yes, absolutely. That is one of the great perks of journalism, that there are a lot of problems in the world and that we carry a spotlight. What I want to do is shine my light to illuminate that problem, but I don’t want to tinker with the evidence. I just want to galvanize people by showing them what is out there.

28 TEACHING REPORTER Connections

1. If you had the opportunity to interview Nicholas Kristof, what would you want to ask him?

2. Handbook for Citizen Journalists defines advocacy journalism as “a genre of journalism that adopts a viewpoint for the sake of advocating on behalf of a social, political, business, or religious purpose. It is journalism with an intentional and transparent bias.”11 Based on this definition, what is the difference, if anything, between advocacy journalism and propaganda?

3. What does the phrase “objective reporting” mean to you? Communications professor Richard Taflinger argues that that objectivity is “an unrealizable dream.” Do you agree with him? Why or why not?

4. Brooke Gladstone refers to Kristof as an “advocacy journalist.” Where, if at all, do you see examples of advocacy in the editorial “A Student, a Teacher and a Glimpse of War”? What is Kristof advocating? In her article “Does ‘Caring’ Require Advocacy in Journalism?,” journalist Elecia Chrunik provides some warnings to writers and readers regarding advocacy journalism:

There can be negative consequences to advocacy journalism, like any form of journalism, when it is not done responsibly. . . . Becoming involved with a cause blurs the lines of a journalist’s duties and responsibilities. The public might have a difficult time accepting and trusting that journalists are both promoters and truth-tellers. And there are many ways that a journalist can abuse his or her power if he or she feels that the ends justify the means.12

What arguments does Chrunik make about advocacy journalism? How might Kristof respond to these arguments?

5. Nicholas Kristof is a columnist; his job is to write opinion pieces that appear on the editorial page. Does this role give him permission to use his articles to advocate for certain policies and behav- iors? Why or why not? Why do you think newspapers include opinion pages? What do you think qualifies someone to express an opinion in a newspaper?

6. Kristof said, “We flinch at the idea of marketing a cause. . .[b]ut it could matter tremendously if we could get people to care about, say, malaria.”13 What is the difference, if any, between marketing aimed at consumer goods, such as soda or shampoo, and marketing aimed at getting people to care about social issues? What strategies do advertisers use to make products attractive to buyers? Which of these techniques, if any, are appropriate for activists to use to promote a social or political issue?

7. To find “an individual whose story, in essence, will inspire the most outrage in his readers over breakfast,” Reporter filmmaker Eric Metzgar says that Kristof often talks to 50 to 100 people a day. Here is how Metzgar describes finding Yohanita, the subject of the editorial “A Student, a Teacher and a Glimpse of War”:

SHOULD REPORTERS ADVOCATE? 29 When we found her, Nick had sort of found his Rokia. . . . This is the woman who is going to represent the crisis in Congo. Because he had disregarded a few hundred people’s terrible stories and he really found the one that, even to the crew and everyone around, crushed us the most, devastated us the most. But also, the way that. . .Nick told it in his column, it really inspired you the most. And it told the story politically of what was happening in the area. That’s important, too.

How did the story of Yohanita impact you? What feelings and ideas did it spark for you? What does the story of Yohanita reveal about conditions in Congo? About three weeks after the New York Times published “A Student, a Teacher and a Glimpse of War,” Yohanita died from an infection she had when she was brought to the hospital. How does your response to this column change, if at all, knowing that Yohanita did not survive?

8. “What is the greater goal of journalism?” Filmmaker Eric Metzgar asked this question when traveling in Congo with Kristof to produce the Reporter documentary. In an interview about his experience making this film, Metzgar describes the tension between writing about suffering and inter- vening to end the suffering:

Journalism exists because everyone can’t be there to witness it. Right? So we’ve designated these few people about whom we say, “They’re not going to help out. They’re not going to intervene. They’re simply going to watch and tell people who don’t know about it.” And that’s a strange reality when you’re there. To wake up and read the newspaper or read it online is one thing. But when you’re there, the idea that you should simply document the story is very strange.14

Metzgar says that Kristof probably would not have intervened to get Yohanita to the hospital if Leana Wen, the medical student, had not been on the trip with him. What do you think about Kristof’s decision to intervene in this instance? Is this part of his job as a reporter? Is it part of his responsibility as a human being? How do you think journalists should respond to human suffering before their eyes when they are reporting?

1. Stig Arlid Pettersen, “Nic Kristof: Balancing the Fine Line Between Journalism and Advocacy,” The Morningside Post at Columbia University, April 14, 2010, http://themorningsidepost.com/2010/04/nic-kristof-balancing-the-fine-line-between-journalism-and-advocacy.

2. Robert Jensen, “Advocacy Journalism,” in The International Encyclopedia of Communication, ed. Wolfgang Donsbach, (Hoboken, NJ, Blackwell Publishing, 2008).

3. Brent Cunningham, “Re-thinking Objectivity,” Colombia Journalism Review (April 16, 2006), http://www.rdillman.com/Dillman/ Courses/COMCommon/articles/news/Re-thinking%20Objectivity.pdf.

4. Richard F. Taflinger, “The Myth of Objectivity in Journalism: A Commentary,” May 29, 1996, http://www.wsu.edu/~taflinge/ mythobj.html.

5. Elecia Chrunik, “Does ‘Caring’ Require Advocacy in Journalism?,” Center for Journalism Ethics, June 16, 2008, http://www.journalismethics.ca/feature_articles/does_caring_require_advocay.html.

6. Richard F. Taflinger, “The Myth of Objectivity in Journalism: A Commentary.”

30 TEACHING REPORTER 7. Robert Jensen, “Beyond Advocacy v. Objective Journalism: Who Is Really Objective?,” MediaBite (Ireland), July 3, 2007, http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~rjensen/freelance/beyondadvocacy.htm.

8. “Nicholas Kristof on Journalism & Compassion,” Krista Tippet on Being, September 23, 2010, http://being.publicradio.org/programs/2010/journalism-and-compassion/transcript.shtml.

9. Nicholas Kristof, “A Student, a Teacher and a Glimpse of War,” New York Times, June 21, 2007.

10. “Follow for Now,” Interview with Nick Kristof, On the Media, WNYC, December 11, 2009, http://www.onthemedia.org/transcripts/2009/12/11/03.

11. Jack Driscoll, “Handbook for Citizen Journalists: Catching the Journalistic Attitude,” May 11, 2010, (e-book available from http://www.citizenjournalistnow.com).

12. Elecia Chrunik, “Does ‘Caring’ Require Advocacy in Journalism?”

13. Stig Arlid Pettersen, “Nic Kristof: Balancing the Fine Between Journalism and Accuracy.”

14. “Transcript: Caring About Congo,” NOW on PBS, February 12, 2010, http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/607/transcript.html.

SHOULD REPORTERS ADVOCATE? 31 Investigation Three What do we learn from the news? How reporters’ choices shape our understanding of the world

The readings in this investigation have been selected to deepen our understanding of the ideas presented in chapters 13 through 17 (1:01:40–1:19:38) of the documentary Reporter (approximately 20 minutes). In this clip, Nicholas Kristof, Will Okun, and Leana Wen travel to the headquarters of General Laurent Nkunda, leader of a rebel militia fighting against the Congolese government and known for perpetrating war crimes. Kristof interviews Nkunda about his role in the civil war and is then granted the opportunity to interview child soldiers captured by Nkunda’s army.

Overview

According to journalist Elecia Chrunik, “The outcome of a [news] story is based on a myriad of decisions, and a journalist, good intentions or not, has to face thousands of decisions with every story.”1 Which details should be included? Which should be left out? What should be emphasized? What criteria should reporters use when making these decisions?

Nicholas Kristof has been criticized for focusing on the most negative stories about Africa and casting “a very downbeat light on an entire region.”2 Richard Dowden, author of the book Africa: Altered States, Ordinary Miracles, argues, “The media’s problem is that, by covering only disasters and wars, it gives us only that image of the continent.”3 Kristof responds to this argument using the media’s coverage of Congo as an example:

My own take is that we in the news media and in the aid world can and should do a much better job providing context and acknowledging successes. Yet the problem surely isn’t that the news media have overdone coverage of the disasters. Congo is the most lethal conflict since World War II, costing about five million lives since 1998, and it has dragged on partly because journalists haven’t done a better job propelling it onto the international agenda. You’ll never persuade me that we’ve overcovered the slaughter in Congo—our sin is that we didn’t scream enough, not that we screamed too much.4

While the limited coverage of Congo does tend to focus on “disasters and wars,” these accounts do not present events in exactly the same way. We have selected four published accounts about the situation in eastern Congo written between June and November 2007. The first reading, “Dinner with a Warlord,” is an editorial written by Kristof. The next two readings are blog entries written by the college student, Leana Wen, and teacher, Will Okun, who accompanied Kristof on this trip to Congo. The last article, “3-Way Battles Again Jolt Eastern Congo,” comes from the world news section of a prominent newspaper and would be classified as news reporting. After reviewing each text, consider these questions: What information does it provide? What feelings, ideas, and questions does it elicit? What impression of Congo does it imprint in your mind? What do you think the author’s purpose was when creating this piece?

32 TEACHING REPORTER While traveling with Kristof in Congo, teacher Will Okun did not only blog; he also photographed his experience. As he wrote in his winning application essay for the “Win a Trip with Nick” contest,

While America is only presented with images representative of Africa’s poverty and misery, I will seek stories and photographs that will offer our young people a more comprehensive depiction of African people and culture. . . . I hope to produce photographs and stories that will emote pleasure and pride from the Africans themselves.5

In a video blog recorded at the end of his trip, Okun reports that he achieved his goal of capturing images that offer a different impression of Congo than that of the war-torn nation depicted by most news media. He hopes his images* “could be taken anywhere,” explaining,

The poverty in the countries that we visited is overwhelming. People can tell you about the poverty, but really until you see it firsthand it’s incomprehensible, and it is truly unfair for human beings to be forced to live in these types of conditions. But within the poverty, I was struck by the spirit of the people. So, despite all that poverty, I hope to show the students that I work with that we share the same Earth with these people and that what the students in Chicago have in common with the young people in Africa, what they share in common, is greater and more important than the differences between them.6

Four of the images Okun captured are included in Reading 9. When you look at them, what do you see? What do they tell you about Congo? What is universal about them? What feelings or memories do they call up for you?

“Some see media literacy as a citizenship survival skill, necessary to be a thoughtful consumer and effective citizen in a superhighway-driven media age.” 7 – Dr. Renee Hobbs, founder of the Media Education Lab and professor at Temple University School of Communications

Each of the texts included in this investigation was created by someone for a specific reason—to inform, to persuade, to galvanize, etc. Being able to identify the author’s purpose is an important component of media literacy. So is being able to access and synthesize information from a variety of sources. When we practice analyzing and synthesizing media, we hone a valuable civic skill. Renee Hobbs, author of the article “Building Citizenship Skills through Media Literacy Education,” agrees. She writes, “Some see media literacy as a citizenship survival skill, necessary to be a thoughtful consumer and an effective citizen in a superhighway-driven media age.”8

Why has the rise of the Internet made media literacy a “citizenship survival skill”? For one, we now have access to far more information from a range of authors. The Internet now hosts over 10 million blogs, in addition to social networking sites, citizen journalism websites, and video-sharing sites.9 Indeed, as the website PBS MediaShift** says about the growing role of “citizen journalists,”

* You can view Will Okun’s photographs at www.wjzo.com. For the pictures he took on his trip with Kristof, click on the link “c.africa.” ** See www.pbs.org/mediashift.

what do we learn from the news? 33 Because of the wide dispersion of so many excellent tools for capturing live events—from tiny digital cameras to videophones—the average citizen can now make news and distribute it globally, an act that was once the province of established journalists and media companies.10

The blogs written by Leana Wen and Will Okun might be considered examples of citizen journalism.

This trend of citizen journalism is not limited to adults. Young people are also publishing their ideas about the world around them. Researchers on youth and digital media at the Good Play Proj- ect have found that “[f]ar from being passive consumers (or, as some fear, victims) of new media, young people are actively contributing to and defining the new media landscape through sites such as Facebook, MySpace, Flickr, YouTube, [and] Second Life as well as blogs and multi-player games.”11 While youth are clearly developing the practical know-how to navigate the media superhighway, these researchers ask if young people are developing an ethical sense regarding how they create and con- sume media. What does it mean to use media in a responsible way? How do we know what information to trust? What criteria should we use? Where do we learn how to make moral choices about the words and images we publish? These are some questions to consider as you explore the following texts and as you use media in your daily life.

34 TEACHING REPORTER Nxxx,2007-06-18,A,019,Bs-BW,E1

THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED MONDAY, JUNE 18, 2007 N A19 End Vietnam’s Air War NICHOLAS D. KRISTOF suspect that in an effort to expose the leaves, the way his throat burned run-of-the-mill data, but there were One of the Vietnamese civilians Dinner By Danielle Trussoni Vietcong by destroying their envi- when he breathed the humid air, the also pictures of babies born of par- taking part in this appeal is a woman ronment, the United States sprayed strange discoloration he found when ents exposed to Agent Orange. Their named Dang Hong Nhut, who lived in about 19.5 million gallons of Agent he blew his nose. He remembered SUN VALLEY, Idaho deformities were gruesome, making Cu Chi during the war, the very same With Orange and other toxic herbicides N the spring of 1999 I went to bathing in a bomb crater, dead birds them appear bestial, inhuman. Years part of Vietnam where my father over the jungles of South Vietnam. As Vietnam. I was a tourist, floating on the surface. Last year, af- after my trip, these are the images I spent his tour. After losing numerous I traveled the region, I knew about ter five years fighting throat cancer though my trip was not a post- remember most vividly. babies to miscarriage and deformity, Agent Orange, just as I knew that an that he and his doctors attributed to college vacation involving tan- Today the federal Court of Appeals Dang Hong Nhut sent a biopsy A Warlord environmental cleanup effort was ning oil and beach chairs and for the Second Circuit, in Manhattan, abroad for analysis. The results still under way, and yet it was hard to is scheduled to hear oral arguments showed that, years after the war, her A HILLTOP IN EASTERN CONGO oozing hangovers suffered un- believe. The foliage was lush and One hint that this would be an un- derI the shade of palm trees. I trav- against Dow, Monsanto and 35 other body still retained traces of dioxin. In green, seemingly untouched by the usual interview came when the war- Agent Orange companies that manufactured Agent a television interview, she said: “It eled to Vietnam as the daughter of a noxious chemicals of the war. lord walked in wearing a button read- Orange and related herbicides used doesn’t matter if the companies veteran, a man who had spent a life- I had seen a video of the C-123 caring “Rebels For Christ.” victims have waited during the Vietnam War. In addition, won’t admit their crimes. What real- time dealing with his experiences in go planes swooping low, just above a Then when I reached to sip the café 16 appeals by American veterans will ly counts is that people see that a the war. Making the journey to Viet- blanket of crenellated canopy, the fu- au lait that the guerrilla leaders of- too long for justice. be heard, as well as an appeal by a crime took place.” nam was important for me, but at the sillade of white clouds fanning out, fered me in their jungle redoubt, they group that represents Vietnamese It has been eight years since I went time I couldn’t quite formulate how. pretty as powdered sugar. The chem- looked reproachful and quickly bowed victims of Agent Orange. In the weeks I spent in Vietnam, I icals worked through the top layers to Vietnam, and I am just starting to their heads and said grace. The veterans and the Vietnamese understand that my trip was less went to the places my father had seen of foliage, moving down to the rice exposure to the dioxin in Agent Or- I’m taking a student and a teacher action, mostly in the south, in Cu Chi paddies and sinking into the red soil. ange, my father died. He was 61. are seeking the reinstatement of law- about changing the past, an impossi- along on a reporting trip to Africa, and and Tay Ninh, areas not far from Ho In the video, the defoliant appeared During my trip, I visited a museum suits dismissed in March 2005 by ble pursuit by any stretch of the we wanted to look at how civil wars Chi Minh City. The region was so almost tonic, like cool talcum powder dedicated to remembering what the Judge Jack Weinstein of Federal Dis- imagination, and more about taking tear countries apart and block the thick with foliage one would never falling from heaven. Vietnamese call the American War. trict Court in Brooklyn. The plaintiffs the time to understand and recognize continent’s economic development. So My father walked in the wake of Exhibits on the effects of Agent Or- are asking the court to acknowledge the mistakes of the Vietnam War. we rented a jeep and drove past the Danielle Trussoni is the author of those planes. He remembered the de- ange make up a significant part of that Agent Orange has damaged the Perhaps now, after 40 years, the vic- last checkpoints outside the city of “Falling Through the Earth: A Mem- foliants’ descent over the jungle, slow the permanent collection. There were lives of thousands of people in both tims of Agent Orange will finally get Goma, and then jounced along a tortu- oir.” as snow. He recalled the white coated numbers and charts and statistics, the United States and Vietnam. such recognition. Ø ous dirt road into the hills. We traveled through gorgeous green hills and forests, thatch-roof villages and mist-shrouded canyons. Government is only a rumor here, for the capital is 1,200 miles away and has New no control in the east and offers no services. There is no postal service, no national health or education system, no authority to rein in the ultimate Lyrics boss in the third world: a man with a gun. For Israel Along the way to see the warlord,

By Adam LeBor A war that’s not playing at your S Israel prepares to cele- brate its 60th birthday local theater. next year, it’s time to Nxxx,2007-06-18,A,019,Bs-BW,E1update its national anthem, “Hatikvah” we stopped at an elementary school. It (“The Hope”). Only a is financed by the parents, who pay $9 Asingle phrase needs to be changed: per year per child to the eight teach- “nefesh Yehudi,” which means a ers who instruct 520 students. Many Jewish soul, should be replaced with THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED MONDAY, JUNE 18, 2007 N A19 parents cannot afford that sum, so “nefesh Israeli,” an Israeli soul. Why they keep their children at home. tamper with a beautiful, stirring The school building hadn’t been hymn? To solve what we might call NICHOLAS D. KRISTOF kept up since the Belgians ruled Con- the “Hatikvah” contradiction. go in the years before 1960. The Bel- Israel strives End to be both a Jewish Vietnam’s Air War gians were brutal colonial masters in state and a democracy, yet about a Congo, but after enduring subsequent fifth of its population of 7.1 million rounds of kleptocratic incompetence peoplesuspect are that not in Jewish,an effort but to Arabexpose Mus- the leaves, the way his throat burned run-of-the-mill data, but there were One of the Vietnamese civilians Dinner and civil war, some Congolese feel By Danielle Trussoni lims,Vietcong Christians by destroying and Druse. their Among envi- when he breathed the humid air, the also pictures of babies born of par- taking part in this appeal is a woman nostalgic for the lesser tyranny of co- theronment, emerging the middle United class, States many sprayed Ar- strange discoloration he found when ents exposed to Agent Orange. Their named Dang Hong Nhut, who lived in lonialism. about 19.5 million gallons of Agent he blew his nose. He remembered SUN VALLEY, Idaho abs are thriving. There are diplo- deformities were gruesome, making Cu Chi during the war, the very same With Finally we were stopped by a band Orange and other toxic herbicides N the spring of 1999 I went to mats and judges, beauty queens and bathing in a bomb crater, dead birds them appear bestial, inhuman. Years part of Vietnam where my father of soldiers who searched us carefully over the jungles of South Vietnam. As Vietnam. I was a tourist, army officers, television anchors floating on the surface. Last year, af- after my trip, these are the images I spent his tour. After losing numerous and then led us past more guards with I traveled the region, I knew about ter five years fighting throat cancer though my trip was not a post- and members of the Knesset, the Is- remember most vividly. babies to miscarriage and deformity, AK-47s and grenade launchers to the Agent Orange, just as I knew that an that he and his doctors attributed to college vacation involving tan- raeli Parliament. Today the federal Court of Appeals Dang Hong Nhut sent a biopsy A Warlord sanctum of Laurent Nkunda, the environmental cleanup effort was ning oil and beach chairs and Prime Minister Ehud Olmert re- for the Second Circuit, in Manhattan, abroad for analysis. The results chieftain of a swath of war-torn east- still under way, and yet it was hard to A HILLTOP IN EASTERN CONGO cently appointed Raleb Majadele as is scheduled to hear oral arguments showed that, years after the war, her ern Congo. oozing hangovers suffered un- believe. The foliage was lush and One hint that this would be an un- derI the shade of palm trees. I trav- Israel’s first Muslim Arab cabinet against Dow, Monsanto and 35 other body still retained traces of dioxin. In Mr. Nkunda, 40, is a smart and green, seemingly untouched by the usual interview came when the war- minister, in charge of science, cul- Agent Orange companies that manufactured Agent a television interview, she said: “It charismatic man with a university eled to Vietnam as the daughter of a noxious chemicals of the war. lord walked in wearing a button read- ture and sports. But the disconnect Orange and related herbicides used doesn’t matter if the companies education who treated us to several veteran, a man who had spent a life- I had seen a video of the C-123 caring “Rebels For Christ.” between the Jewish state and its victims have waited during the Vietnam War. In addition, won’t admit their crimes. What real- Rutu Modan hours of lively conversation in his flu- time dealing with his experiences in go planes swooping low, just above a Then when I reached to sip the café the war. Making the journey to Viet- Arab minority endures. Mr. Maja- 16 appeals by American veterans will ly counts is that people see that a ent English, followed by a tasty chick- blanket of crenellated canopy, the fu- au lait that the guerrilla leaders of- en dinner. He described himself as a nam was important for me, but at the dele caused outrage among the polit- tooSuch problemslong for demand justice. strategic edbe in heard, Israel, as a well recognition as an appeal that to by be a folkcrime song. took It place.” is as much an expression dismay that, on Holocaust Memorial sillade of white clouds fanning out, fered me in their jungle redoubt, they devout Pentecostal and said that most time I couldn’t quite formulate how. ical right in March when he told the solutions; altering one word in angroup Israeli that in represents 2008 is something Vietnamese very of It 19th-century has been eight nationalism years since I as went of Day, when the memorial siren pretty as powdered sugar. The chem- looked reproachful and quickly bowed of his troops had converted as well; he In the weeks I spent in Vietnam, I Israeli newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth “Hatikvah” would not make them differentvictims of fromAgent what Orange. it was in 1948. spiritualto Vietnam, yearning and I amfor thejust Holy starting Land. to sounded, the muezzin of a nearby icals worked through the top layers magically disappear. And even with Updating “Hatikvah” could be the mosquetheir heads recited and said the grace. Koran, rather showed us a church where he said went to the places my father had seen that he stands up for “Hatikvah,” but exposure to the dioxin in Agent Or- The veterans and the Vietnamese understandWhat Israel that needs my in trip the was21st cen- less of foliage, moving down to the rice the inclusion of “nefesh Israeli,” Is- start of a psychic shift among the thanI’m observe taking athe student moment and in a silence,teacher they pray daily, and he showed photos action, mostly in the south, in Cu Chi will not sing it. ange, my father died. He was 61. are seeking the reinstatement of law- turyabout is changing an anthem the thatpast, canan impossi- be sung paddies and sinking into the red soil. rael’s Arabs might still object to oth- country’s Arab and Jewish citizens becausealong on a a reporting Muslim trip religious to Africa, leader and of baptisms of the soldiers. and Tay Ninh, areas not far from Ho Yet why should he? He is Israeli, suits dismissed in March 2005 by byble all pursuit its citizens, by any of whatever stretch of faith. the In the video, the defoliant appeared er Duringverses aboutmy trip, the I longingvisited a for museum Zion. about what it means to be Israeli. It hadwe wanteddied. to look at how civil wars Then again, the government has is- Chi Minh City. The region was so but he is not Jewish. And he is not dedicated to remembering what the Judge Jack Weinstein of Federal Dis- Atimagination, a time of and rising more Islamic about radical- taking almost tonic, like cool talcum powder But both history and current could lead to the evolution of a mod- tearUpdating countries “Hatikvah” apart and to block take ac-the sued an international arrest warrant thick with foliage one would never alone. A growing number of Israelis trict Court in Brooklyn. The plaintiffs ismthe time it is to absolutely understand in and Israel’s recognize long- falling from heaven. eventsVietnamese show call that the we American should never War. ern Hebrew (and Arabic) Israeli countcontinent’s of Israel’s economic religious development. diversity So against him for war crimes, and hu- of all faiths are calling for an inclu- are asking the court to acknowledge termthe mistakes interest to of bind the its Vietnam Arab minor- War. My father walked in the wake of underestimateExhibits on the the effects totemic of Agent power Or- of identity, predicated not on religion wouldwe rented rightly a jeep demand and drove a reciprocal past the man rights monitors like Refugees In- sive national anthem. that Agent Orange has damaged the Perhaps now, after 40 years, the vic- Danielle Trussoni is the author of those planes. He remembered the de- stateange makepageantry. up a Even significant knowing part the of but on the more usual criteria of citi- gesturelast checkpoints from its outside Arab minority the city toof ternational say that his troops have “Falling Through the Earth: A Mem- foliants’They arguedescent that over “Hatikvah” the jungle, sym-slow horrorsthe permanent of Communism, collection. There the were Red zenshiplives of — thousands shared cultural, of people linguistic in both tims of Agent Orange will finally get alsoGoma, respectfully and then jounced commemorate along a tortu- the killed and raped civilians and pillaged oir.” bolizesas snow. a He wider recalled inequality. the white Despite coated Armynumbers choir and singing charts the and “Internatio- statistics, andthe United economic States ties and and Vietnam. simply living suchA recognition. contradiction Ø victimsous dirt roadof the into Holocaust. the hills. their villages. He denies the charges. the Arab success stories, deep dis- nale” still can bring on goose bumps together on the most contested sliver ManyWe traveled will claim through that at gorgeous a time “I’m not a warlord . . . I’m a libera- parities between the Jewish and and visions of Soviet troops charging of land in the world. wrapped in a whengreen hills Israel and faces forests, such thatch-roof existential vil- tor of the people,” he said. Arab sectors remain in employment, Nazi tanks. And South Africa’s new Remember also that Israel is threatslages andas a mist-shroudedpotential Iranian canyons. nucle- That’s the problem: So are they all. health, welfare and education. A re- national anthem has set an excellent home to several hundred thousand arGovernment bomb, a resurgent is only a rumorHezbollah, here, last for More than four million people have port published last year by Sikkuy, example in inclusive nation-building. non-Jewish Russians and guest national anthem. week’sthe capital triumph is 1,200 of milesa recalcitrant away and Ha-has died in Congo’s wars since 1998, mak- New the Association for the Advancement Thirteen years ago, “Die Stem van workers from Africa, Asia and the masno control and daily in therocket east barrages and offers from no ing it the most lethal conflict since of Civic Equality in Israel, compared Suid-Afrika” (“The Call of South Af- Balkans. They, too, deserve to be in- Gaza,services. altering There is “Hatikvah” no postal service, would beno World War II. 10 similar Arab and Jewish munici- rica”), the apartheid-era hymn, was cluded in the national community. ity to the state. At the same time, if anational sign of weakness. health or education system, Probably no slaughter has gotten palities. The total 2004 welfare budg- merged with “Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika” Let’s not over-venerate “Hatik- Israel is prepared to evolve and noI authority would argue to rein precisely in the the ultimate oppo- fewer column inches — or fewer tele- Lyrics et for the Jewish municipalities was (God Bless Africa), the anthem of vah.” However stirring its chords adapt, it must demand full civic loy- site.boss in Changing the third thatworld: one a wordman with from a vision minutes — per million deaths. 220.8 million shekels (about $50 mil- the African National Congress. A and words, it is not an ancient He- alty from its Arab population. It “Jewish”gun. to “Israeli” soul would So even after all that suffering, Congo lion), but only half that, 107.4 million, powerful symbol of the new multi- brew song. Its lyrics were written in would no longer be enough for many showAlong both the strength way to see and the confidence, warlord, still hasn’t risen to a prominent place for their Arab counterparts. racial country, the anthem is now 1886 by Naftali Herz Imber, a Cen- to regard themselves as semi-dis- because it would send a clear mes- on the international agenda. For Israel sung in three African languages — tral European poet. The melody, by connected citizens. sage: here we are, Israelis — Jewish, That’s why I came here with Lea- Adam LeBor is the author of “City of Xhosa, Zulu and Sotho — as well as Samuel Cohen, was inspired by the Three years ago in Jaffa, I met a Christian, Muslim, African, Russian na Wen and Will Okun, the student Oranges: An Intimate History of Ar- English and Afrikaans. Czech composer Bedrich Smetana’s Jewish community activist named and moreA war — in thethat’s heart ofnot the Mid- and teacher from my win-a-trip con- By Adam LeBor abs and Jews in Jaffa.” Such a gesture of inclusion is need- work “The Moldau,” itself based on a Sami Albo. Mr. Albo told me of his dle East. And we are here to stay. Ø test. (Video and photos of the trip playing at your and blogs by Will and Leana are at nytimes.com/twofortheroad.) S Israel prepares to cele- The U.N. did hold elections last brate its 60th birthday local theater. 12 year, and much of Congo is indeed Nxxx,2007-06-18,A,019,Bs-BW,E1next year, it’s time to Reading 5: “Dinner with a Warlord” more stable today. But here in this re- update its national an- The Supreme Court’s Bonus Babies gion of eastern Congo, a wretched sit- them, “Hatikvah” we stopped at an elementary school. It uation is getting even worse. (“The Hope”). Only a The following editorial was written byis financedcolumnist by the Nicholas parents, whoKristof pay $9and publishedSince January in theabout New 150,000 York people Times Asingle phrase needs to be changed: some of the justices themselves. They court for two years after their clerk- For every Supreme Court clerk, ment, paid for by the private sector, to By David Lat per year per child to the eight teach- have been driven from their homes by “nefesh Yehudi,” which means a are attacked as the private sector’s ships (by which time they may noopinionthere issection another onsimilarly June 18,gifted 2007. law- comparatively modest clerkly wages THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-EDway ofMONDAY, luring some JUNE of the profession’s 18, 2007 longer be at the firm). yer who couldN do law firm workA19 just (lessers who than instruct $65,000 a 520 year). students. Many renewed violence, and there are wide- Jewish soul, should be replaced with most promising new members away Perhaps the best justification for as well, but who narrowly missed out parentsThe financial cannot freedomafford that supplied sum, by so spread fears that a larger war is “nefesh Israeli,” an Israeli soul. Why WASHINGTON from more worthwhile enterprises. eye-popping clerkship bonuses is that on a high court clerkship. Such “near- thesethey keep bonuses their children can allow at home. the clerks looming. tamper with a beautiful, stirring FTER the Supreme Court’s But this is exactly backward: these Supreme Court clerkships correlate misses” are like generic drugs, or whoThe decide school against building a corporate hadn’t career been “We see war coming,” Mr. Nkunda hymn? To solve what we might call term ends this month, NICHOLAS D. KRISTOF outsized bonuses, while questionable strongly with legal genius; the clerk store-brand paper towels: they per- tokept move up sinceon more the quickly Belgians to whatruled trulyCon- said, and he pulled out his laptop to the “Hatikvah” contradiction. the nine justices will go investments for the law firms, are ac- jobs are so coveted that those who get form the same function, at a fraction interestsgo in the themyears — before academia, 1960. The govern- Bel- show a map indicating that various Israel strives toEnd be both a Jewish Vietnam’stheir separate ways Air for War gians were brutal colonial masters in tually healthy for the legal system as of the cost. For every $250,000 Su- ment practice or public-interest law. government-backed forces are being the summer. A few them must be the best legal minds. state and a democracy, yet about a a whole. The problem with this “screening preme Court clerkship bonus, a firm LawCongo, firms but endafter up enduring in effect subsidizingsubsequent dispatched to attack him. He added: weeks later, their 36 Dinner fifthsuspect of itsthat population in an effort of to 7.1expose million the leaves, the way his throat burned run-of-the-millFrom a narrowly data, economic but there point were of One of the Vietnamese civilians could pay five clerkship bonuses of lessrounds wealthy of kleptocratic precincts ofincompetence the profes- “The only reply to war and ammuni- By Danielle Trussoni peopleVietcong are bynot destroyingJewish, but theirArab Mus- envi- Alawwhen clerks he breathed — the young the humidlegal geniuses air, the also pictures of babies born of par- and civil war, some Congolese feel view — focusing on the actual work taking part in this appeal is a woman $50,000 — the going rate — to former sion. tion is war and ammunition.” who spend a year assisting the jus- lims,ronment, Christians the United and Druse.States sprayed Among strange discoloration he found when theents clerks exposed will to perform,Agent Orange. and setting Their named Dang Hong Nhut, who lived in appeals court clerks who just missed nostalgicIn recent for years, the lesser the practice tyranny of of law co- I told him — a bit nervously — that theabout emerging 19.5 million middle gallons class, many of Agent Ar- ticeshe blew in selecting his nose. cases He remembered for review, lonialism. SUN VALLEY, Idaho asidedeformities the law werefirms’ gruesome, quest for prestige making Cu LawChi during firms the war, throw the very same out on clerkingWith for the Supreme Court at the nation’s largest firms has be- such tribalism and fighting has torn Orange and other toxic herbicides preparing for oral argument and N the spring of 1999 I went to abs are thriving. There are diplo- bathing in a bomb crater, dead birds andthem bragging appear rightsbestial, — inhuman. it is difficult Years to part of Vietnam where my father (disclosure: I’m one of those former comeFinally much we morewere ofstopped a business by a band and apart a country that should be one of over the jungles of South Vietnam. As drafting opinions — will leave the Vietnam. I was a tourist, mats and judges, beauty queens and floating on the surface. Last year, af- understandafter my trip, why these firms are fightthe images for the I spent his tour. After losing numerous appeals court clerks who didn’t get a muchof soldiers less of who a profession. searched usFirms carefully have Africa’s richest. But Mr. Nkunda, who I traveled the region, I knew about court’ster five marble years palacefighting at throat 1 First cancer Street money at former and then led us past more guards with though my trip was not a post- army officers, television anchors rightremember to shower most 26-year-olds vividly. with cash. babies to miscarriage and deformity, golden ticket). been squeezing more billable hours quotes Gandhi, emphasized that what Agent Orange, just as I knew that an forthat good. he and his doctors attributed to AK-47s and grenade launchers to the college vacation involving tan- and members of the Knesset, the Is- ClerkshipsToday the tend federal to attract,Court of andAppeals jus- Dang Hong Nhut sent a biopsy TheA bigger Warlord point is that even if the out of their associates, abandoning counts here is simply force. “You go environmental cleanup effort was Most of these clerks will join elite clerks. This is good. sanctum of Laurent Nkunda, the ning oil and beach chairs and raeli Parliament. ticesfor the tend Second to hire, Circuit, academic in Manhattan, or intel- abroad for analysis. The results astronomical Supreme Court clerk- less lucrative practice areas and by strength,” he said. still under way, and yet it was hard to private law firms. This is not surpris- A HILLTOP IN EASTERN CONGO chieftain of a swath of war-torn east- oozing hangovers suffered un- Prime Minister Ehud Olmert re- lectualis scheduled types. to Once hear in oral private arguments prac- showed that, years after the war, her ship bonuses may be dubious invest- showing the door to partners who There are no easy solutions here, al- believe. The foliage was lush and ing, since firms entice them with sign- One hint that this would be an un- ern Congo. derI the shade of palm trees. I trav- cently appointed Raleb Majadele as tice,against these Dow, lawyers Monsanto typically and gravitate 35 other body still retained traces of dioxin. In ments for law firms, they are good don’t bring in enough business — though some steps are essential: sup- green, seemingly untouched by the ing bonuses that are expected to reach function” justification, however, is usual interview came when the war- Mr. Nkunda, 40, is a smart and porting professional training and re- eled to Vietnam as the daughter of a Israel’s first Muslim Arab cabinet Agent Orange towardcompanies more that academic manufactured fields like Agent ap- a television interview, she said: “It news for our legal system. Here’s measures that would have been un- noxious chemicals of the war. $250,000 this year — paid on top of that the law-clerk hiring process isn’t lord walked in wearing a button read- charismatic man with a university form of the Congolese security forces, veteran, a man who had spent a life- minister, in charge of science, cul- pellateOrange litigation and related (the former herbicides practice used doesn’t matter if the companies why: by promising clerks a financial heard of in the profession’s more gen- I had seen a video of the C-123 car- starting salaries approaching entirely merit-driven. The justices ing “Rebels For Christ.” education who treated us to several pressuring neighboring Rwanda to time dealing with his experiences in ture and sports. But the disconnect victims have waited areaduring of the Chief Vietnam Justice War. John In Roberts). addition, won’t admit their crimes. What real- windfall on the back end of their clerk- teel days. go planes swooping low, just above a $200,000. Thus some former clerks, in consider qualities other than legal Then when I reached to sip the café hours of lively conversation in his flu- support central authority over the full the war. Making the journey to Viet- between the Jewish state and its It’s16 appeals a field characterized by American veteransby relatively will ly counts is that people see that a ships, firms encourage brightRutu young Modan So this bizarre competition among blanket of crenellated canopy, the fu- their first year practicing law, will low billable hours and profit margins acumen when picking clerks (as they au lait that the guerrilla leaders of- ent English, followed by a tasty chick- country, bolstering the peace process, nam was important for me, but at the Arab minority endures. Mr. Maja- too long for justice. be heard, as well as an appeal by a crime took place.” lawyers — many of whom carry loads prestige-hungry law firms to collect delesillade caused of white outrage clouds among fanning the polit- out, earnSuch twice problems as much demand as their strategic former compareded in Israel, to,a recognition say, time-intensive that to be arefolk perfectly song. It is entitled as much to an do). expression The for- ofdismayfered educational me that, in their on debt Holocaust jungle — to redoubt,render Memorial serv- they theen dinner.most young He described legal rock himself stars actu- as a and interdicting mineral exports that time I couldn’t quite formulate how. pretty as powdered sugar. The chem- judicial bosses (the chief justice earns group that represents Vietnamese It has been eight years since I went ical right in March when he told the solutions; altering one word in trialsan Israeli or high-margin in 2008 is somethingmerger-and-ac- very merof 19th-century Chief Justice nationalismWilliam Rehnquist as of iceDay,looked to the whenreproachful court the and and memorial country. quickly The bowed siren bo- allydevout represents Pentecostal a healthy and said check, that mosthow- finance rebel armies. But the most In the weeks I spent in Vietnam, I icals worked through the top layers $212,000 a year; his colleagues earn victims of Agent Orange. to Vietnam, and I am just starting to Israeli newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth “Hatikvah” would not make them quisitiondifferent work. from what it was in 1948. favoredspiritual applicants yearning forwho the played Holy tennis.Land. nusessounded,their headsplace the andclerks muezzin said in grace. a similar of a nearby(or su- everof his modest,troops had on converted this profit-maximiz- as well; he important step is simply for the in- went to the places my father had seen of foliage, moving down to the rice $203,000exposure each). to the dioxin in Agent Or- The veterans and the Vietnamese understand that my trip was less showed us a church where he said that he stands up for “Hatikvah,” but magically disappear. And even with UpdatingBy virtue “Hatikvah” of their clerkship could experi- be the HugoWhat Black, Israel who needs was infrom the Alabama,21st cen- perior)mosqueI’m taking position recited a student financially the Koran, and a toteacher rather their ing behavior. By harnessing irrational ternational community to acknowl- action, mostly in the south, in Cu Chi paddies and sinking into the red soil. ange,These my father gargantuan died. He clerkship was 61. bo- are seeking the reinstatement of law- about changing the past, an impossi- they pray daily, and he showed photos will not sing it. the inclusion of “nefesh Israeli,” Is- ence,start clerks of a psychicdo have specific shift among expertise the hadtury a issoft an spot anthem for clerks that canfrom be South- sung classmatesthanalong observe on a reporting who the went moment trip directly to Africa,in intosilence, pri-and law firm egotism to serve the rest of edge that a war that costs four million and Tay Ninh, areas not far from Ho In the video, the defoliant appeared nusesDuring have my theirtrip, I critics,visited a includingmuseum suits dismissed in March 2005 by ble pursuit by any stretch of the of baptisms of the soldiers. lives must be an international priori- Yet why should he? He is Israeli, rael’s Arabs might still object to oth- incountry’s Supreme Arab Court and litigation. Jewish But citizens prac- ernby all law its schools. citizens, And of whatever all the justices faith. vatebecausewe wanted practice a Muslimto instead look at religious ofhow clerking civil leader wars for the profession, enormous clerkship Chi Minh City. The region was so almost tonic, like cool talcum powder erdedicated verses about to remembering the longing for what Zion. the aboutJudge whatJack itWeinstein means to of be Federal Israeli. Dis- It imagination, and more about taking had died. Then again, the government has is- ty, even if the victims aren’t staring at but he is not Jewish. And he is not tice before the court is, even for the interviewAt a time prospective of rising Islamic clerks to radical- assess twotear years countries (the first apart with and a lower-court block the bonuses achieve an impressive, in- thick with foliage one would never falling from heaven. Vietnamese call the American War. couldtrict Court lead toin theBrooklyn. evolution The of plaintiffs a mod- personalitythe time to understandfit — which andmakes recognize sense, Updating “Hatikvah” to take ac- sued an international arrest warrant us from television screens. Ø alone. A growing number of Israelis DavidBut Lat both is historythe editor and in chief current of most elite firms, a tiny field. More- ism it is absolutely in Israel’s long- judge,continent’s the economic second with development. a Supreme So creasingly difficult feat: getting top My father walked in the wake of eventsExhibits show on the that effects we should of Agent never Or- over,ernare asking Hebrew former the (and clerkscourt Arabic) to are acknowledge ethically Israeli sincethe mistakes they will be of working the Vietnam closely War.with Courtcount ofjustice). Israel’s The religious bonuses diversity can be lawagainst firms him to for contribute war crimes, to something and hu- of all faiths are calling for an inclu- Above the Law, an online legal tab- term interest to bind its Arab minor- we rented a jeep and drove past the Danielle Trussoni is the author of those planes. He remembered the de- loid.underestimateange make up the a significant totemic power part of of barredidentity,that Agent from predicated Orange practicing has not damaged on before religion thethe theirPerhaps clerks now, for afteran entire 40 years, year. the vic- viewedwould rightly as an demand after-the-fact a reciprocal supple- otherman rights than their monitors own bottom like Refugees line. In-Ø Paul Krugman is on vacation. sive national anthem. last checkpoints outside the city of “Falling Through the Earth: A Mem- foliants’ descent over the jungle, slow statethe permanent pageantry. collection. Even knowing There were the butlives on ofthe thousands more usual of criteria people inof bothciti- tims of Agent Orange will finally get gestureGoma, and from then its jounced Arab along minority a tortu- to ternational say that his troops have They argue that “Hatikvah” sym- oir.” as snow. He recalled the white coated horrorsnumbers of and Communism, charts and statistics, the Red zenshipthe United — sharedStates and cultural, Vietnam. linguistic such recognition. Ø alsoous dirt respectfully road into the commemorate hills. the killed and raped civilians and pillaged bolizes a wider inequality. Despite Army choir singing the “Internatio- and economic ties and simply living victimsWe traveledof the Holocaust. through gorgeous their villages. He denies the charges. the Arab success stories, deep dis- A contradiction nale” still can bring on goose bumps together on the most contested sliver greenMany hills will and claim forests, that thatch-roof at a time vil- “I’m not a warlord . . . I’m a libera- parities between the Jewish and and visions of Soviet troops charging of land in the world. whenlages Israel and mist-shrouded faces such existential canyons. tor of the people,” he said. Arab sectors remain in employment, wrapped in a Nazi tanks. And South Africa’s new Remember also that Israel is threatsGovernment as a potentialis only a rumorIranian here, nucle- for That’s the problem: So are they all. health, welfare and education. A re- national anthem has set an excellent home to several hundred thousand arthe bomb, capital a isresurgent 1,200 miles Hezbollah, away and last has More than four million people have port published last year by Sikkuy, national anthem. New example in inclusive nation-building. non-Jewish Russians and guest week’sno control triumph in the of easta recalcitrant and offers Ha- no died in Congo’s wars since 1998, mak- the Association for the Advancement Thirteen years ago, “Die Stem van workers from Africa, Asia and the masservices. and dailyThere rocket is no postal barrages service, from no ing it the most lethal conflict since of Civic Equality in Israel, compared Suid-Afrika” (“The Call of South Af- Balkans. They, too, deserve to be in- Gaza,national altering health “Hatikvah” or education would system, be World War II. 10 similar Arab and Jewish munici- rica”), the apartheid-era hymn, was cluded in the national community. ity to the state. At the same time, if ano sign authority of weakness. to rein in the ultimate Probably no slaughter has gotten palities. The total 2004 welfare budg- Lyrics merged with “Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika” Let’s not over-venerate “Hatik- Israel is prepared to evolve and bossI would in the arguethird world: precisely a man the with oppo- a fewer column inches — or fewer tele- ). et for the Jewish municipalities was (God Bless Africa), the anthem of vah.” However stirring its chords adapt, it must demand full civic loy- site.gun. Changing that one word from vision minutes — per million deaths. 220.8 million shekels (about $50 mil- the African National Congress. A and words, it is not an ancient He- alty from its Arab population. It “Jewish”Along the to way “Israeli” to see thesoul warlord, would So even after all that suffering, Congo lion), but only half that, 107.4 million, powerful symbol of the new multi- brew song. Its lyrics were written in would no longer be enough for many show both strength and confidence, still hasn’t risen to a prominent place For Israel for their Arab counterparts. racial country, the anthem is now 1886 by Naftali Herz Imber, a Cen- to regard themselves as semi-dis- because it would send a clear mes- on the international agenda. sung in three African languages — tral European poet. The melody, by connected citizens. sage: here we are, Israelis — Jewish, That’s why I came here with Lea- Adam LeBor is the author of “City of Xhosa, Zulu and Sotho — as well as Samuel Cohen, was inspired by the Three years ago in Jaffa, I met a Christian,A war Muslim, that’s African, not Russian na Wen and Will Okun, the student (www.wjzo.com By Adam LeBor Oranges: An Intimate History of Ar- English and Afrikaans. Czech composer Bedrich Smetana’s Jewish community activist named and more — in the heart of the Mid- and teacher from my win-a-trip con- abs and Jews in Jaffa.” Such a gesture of inclusion is need- work “The Moldau,” itself based on a Sami Albo. Mr. Albo told me of his dle East. And we are here to stay. Ø test. (Video and photos of the trip playing at your and blogs by Will and Leana are at S Israel prepares to cele- nytimes.com/twofortheroad.) brate its 60th birthday local theater. The U.N. did hold elections last next year, it’s time to year, and much of Congo is indeed update its national an- more stable today. But here in this re- Courtesy of Will Okun them, “Hatikvah” The Supreme Court’s Bonus Babies we stopped at an elementary school. It gion of eastern Congo, a wretched sit- General Laurent Nkunda, rebel leader (“The Hope”). Only a is financed by the parents, who pay $9 uation is getting even worse. in eastern Congo, considers himself Asingle phrase needs to be changed: some of the justices themselves. They court for two years after their clerk- For every Supreme Court clerk, ment,per year paid per for childby the to private the eight sector, teach- to Since January about 150,000 people a “liberator of the people.” He was “nefesh Yehudi,” which means a have been driven from their homes by By David Lat are attacked as the private sector’s ships (by which time they may no there is another similarly gifted law- comparativelyers who instruct modest 520 students. clerkly wages Many arrested in 2009. The Congolese Jewish soul, should be replaced with way of luring some of the profession’s longer be at the firm). yer who could do law firm work just (lessparents than cannot $65,000 afforda year). that sum, so renewed violence, and there are wide- “nefesh Israeli,” an Israeli soul. Why they keep their children at home. spread fears that a larger war is government plans to try him for war WASHINGTON most promising new members away Perhaps the best justification for as well, but who narrowly missed out The financial freedom supplied by tamper with a beautiful, stirring The school building hadn’t been looming. crimes committed in the country. FTER the Supreme Court’s from more worthwhile enterprises. eye-popping clerkship bonuses is that on a high court clerkship. Such “near- these bonuses can allow the clerks hymn? To solve what we might call kept up since the Belgians ruled Con- “We see war coming,” Mr. Nkunda term ends this month, But this is exactly backward: these Supreme Court clerkships correlate misses” are like generic drugs, or who decide against a corporate career the “Hatikvah” contradiction. go in the years before 1960. The Bel- said, and he pulled out his laptop to the nine justices will go outsized bonuses, while questionable strongly with legal genius; the clerk store-brand paper towels: they per- to move on more quickly to what truly Israel strives to be both a Jewish investments for the law firms, are ac- form the same function, at a fraction interestsgians were them brutal — colonial academia, masters govern- in show a map indicating that various their separate ways for jobs are so coveted that those who get state and a democracy, yet about a tually healthy for the legal system as of the cost. For every $250,000 Su- mentCongo, practice but after or enduring public-interest subsequent law. government-backed forces are being the summer. A few them must be the best legal minds. fifth of its population of 7.1 million a whole. The problem with this “screening preme Court clerkship bonus, a firm Lawrounds firms of end kleptocratic up in effect incompetence subsidizing dispatched to attack him. He added: weeks later, their 36 people are not Jewish, but Arab Mus- From a narrowly economic point of could pay five clerkship bonuses of lessand wealthy civil war, precincts some Congolese of the profes- feel “The only reply to war and ammuni- Alaw clerks — the young legal geniuses what do we learn from the news? 35 lims, Christians and Druse. Among view — focusing on the actual work $50,000 — the going rate — to former sion.nostalgic for the lesser tyranny of co- tion is war and ammunition.” who spend a year assisting the jus- the emerging middle class, many Ar- the clerks will perform, and setting appeals court clerks who just missed lonialism.In recent years, the practice of law I told him — a bit nervously — that tices in selecting cases for review, abs are thriving. There are diplo- aside the law firms’ quest for prestige out on clerking for the Supreme Court at Finally the nation’s we were largest stopped firms by hasa band be- such tribalism and fighting has torn preparing for oral argument and Law firms throw mats and judges, beauty queens and and bragging rights — it is difficult to (disclosure: I’m one of those former comeof soldiers much who more searched of a business us carefully and apart a country that should be one of drafting opinions — will leave the army officers, television anchors understand why firms fight for the appeals court clerks who didn’t get a muchand then less led of usa profession. past more Firmsguards have with Africa’s richest. But Mr. Nkunda, who court’s marble palace at 1 First Street money at former and members of the Knesset, the Is- right to shower 26-year-olds with cash. golden ticket). beenAK-47s squeezing and grenade more launchers billable hoursto the quotes Gandhi, emphasized that what for good. raeli Parliament. Clerkships tend to attract, and jus- The bigger point is that even if the outsanctum of their of associates, Laurent Nkunda, abandoning the counts here is simply force. “You go Most of these clerks will join elite clerks. This is good. Prime Minister Ehud Olmert re- tices tend to hire, academic or intel- astronomical Supreme Court clerk- lesschieftain lucrative of a swath practice of war-torn areas east- and by strength,” he said. private law firms. This is not surpris- cently appointed Raleb Majadele as lectual types. Once in private prac- ship bonuses may be dubious invest- showingern Congo. the door to partners who There are no easy solutions here, al- ing, since firms entice them with sign- Israel’s first Muslim Arab cabinet tice, these lawyers typically gravitate ments for law firms, they are good don’tMr. bring Nkunda, in enough 40, is a business smart and — though some steps are essential: sup- ing bonuses that are expected to reach toward more academic fields like ap- function” justification, however, is news for our legal system. Here’s measurescharismatic that man would with have a university been un- porting professional training and re- minister, in charge of science, cul- $250,000 this year — paid on top of ture and sports. But the disconnect pellate litigation (the former practice that the law-clerk hiring process isn’t why: by promising clerks a financial heardeducation of in whothe profession’s treated us more to several gen- form of the Congolese security forces, starting salaries approaching entirely merit-driven. The justices pressuring neighboring Rwanda to between the Jewish state and its area of Chief Justice John Roberts). windfall on the back end of theirRutu clerk- Modan teelhours days. of lively conversation in his flu- $200,000. Thus some former clerks, in support central authority over the full Arab minority endures. Mr. Maja- It’s a field characterized by relatively consider qualities other than legal ships, firms encourage bright young entSo English, this bizarre followed competition by a tasty among chick- their first year practicing law, will acumen when picking clerks (as they country, bolstering the peace process, dele caused outrage among the polit- Such problems demand strategic lowed inbillable Israel, hours a recognition and profit that margins to be folk song. It is as much an expression lawyersdismay —that, many on Holocaustof whom carry Memorial loads prestige-hungryen dinner. He described law firms himself to collect as a earn twice as much as their former are perfectly entitled to do). The for- and interdicting mineral exports that ical right in March when he told the solutions; altering one word in comparedan Israeli in to, 2008 say, is something time-intensive very of 19th-century nationalism as of ofDay, educational when debt the — memorial to render serv- siren thedevout most Pentecostal young legal and rock said stars that actu-most judicial bosses (the chief justice earns mer Chief Justice William Rehnquist finance rebel armies. But the most Israeli newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth “Hatikvah” would not make them trialsdifferent or high-margin from what merger-and-ac- it was in 1948. spiritual yearning for the Holy Land. icesounded, to the courtthe muezzin and country. of a The nearby bo- allyof his represents troops had a converted healthy check, as well; how- he $212,000 a year; his colleagues earn quisition work. favored applicants who played tennis. nuses place clerks in a similar (or su- evershowed modest, us a on church this profit-maximiz- where he said important step is simply for the inthat he stands up for “Hatikvah,” but magically disappear. And even with Updating “Hatikvah” could be the What Israel needs in the 21st cen- mosque recited the Koran, rather $203,000 each). By virtue of their clerkship experi- Hugo Black, who was from Alabama, perior) position financially to their ingthey behavior. pray daily, By andharnessing he showed irrational photos ternational community to acknowl- will not sing it. the inclusion of “nefesh Israeli,” Is- start of a psychic shift among the tury is an anthem that can be sung than observe the moment in silence, These gargantuan clerkship bo- ence, clerks do have specific expertise had a soft spot for clerks from South- classmates who went directly into pri- lawof baptisms firm egotism of the soldiers.to serve the rest of edge that a war that costs four million Yet why should he? He is Israeli, rael’s Arabs might still object to oth- country’s Arab and Jewish citizens by all its citizens, of whatever faith. because a Muslim religious leader nuseser verses have about their the critics,longing for including Zion. inabout Supreme what Courtit means litigation. to be Israeli.But prac- It ern law schools. And all the justices vatehad died. practice instead of clerking for theThen profession, again, the enormous government clerkship has is- lives must be an international priori- but he is not Jewish. And he is not At a time of rising Islamic radical- ticecould before lead to the the court evolution is, even of fora mod- the interview prospective clerks to assess twoUpdating years (the “Hatikvah” first with a tolower-court take ac- bonusessued an international achieve an impressive, arrest warrant in- ty, even if the victims aren’t staring at alone. A growing number of Israelis But both history and current ism it is absolutely in Israel’s long- Davidevents Lat show is thatthe editor we should in chief never of mostern Hebrew elite firms, (and a tiny Arabic) field. Israeli More- personality fit — which makes sense, judge,count of the Israel’s second religious with a Supremediversity creasinglyagainst him difficult for war feat: crimes, getting and top hu- us from television screens. Ø of all faiths are calling for an inclu- term interest to bind its Arab minor- Aboveunderestimate the Law, the an totemic online legal power tab- of over,identity, former predicated clerks not are on ethically religion since they will be working closely with Courtwould justice). rightly demand The bonuses a reciprocal can be lawman firms rights to monitors contribute like to Refugees something In- sive national anthem. loid.state pageantry. Even knowing the barredbut on the from more practicing usual criteria before of citi- the their clerks for an entire year. viewedgesture as from an its after-the-fact Arab minority supple- to otherternational than their say own that bottom his troops line. haveØ Paul Krugman is on vacation. They argue that “Hatikvah” sym- horrors of Communism, the Red zenship — shared cultural, linguistic also respectfully commemorate the killed and raped civilians and pillaged bolizes a wider inequality. Despite Army choir singing the “Internatio- and economic ties and simply living A contradiction victims of the Holocaust. their villages. He denies the charges. the Arab success stories, deep dis- nale” still can bring on goose bumps together on the most contested sliver Many will claim that at a time “I’m not a warlord . . . I’m a libera- parities between the Jewish and and visions of Soviet troops charging of land in the world. wrapped in a when Israel faces such existential tor of the people,” he said. Arab sectors remain in employment, Nazi tanks. And South Africa’s new Remember also that Israel is threats as a potential Iranian nucle- That’s the problem: So are they all. health, welfare and education. A re- national anthem has set an excellent home to several hundred thousand ar bomb, a resurgent Hezbollah, last More than four million people have port published last year by Sikkuy, example in inclusive nation-building. non-Jewish Russians and guest national anthem. week’s triumph of a recalcitrant Ha- died in Congo’s wars since 1998, mak- the Association for the Advancement Thirteen years ago, “Die Stem van workers from Africa, Asia and the mas and daily rocket barrages from ing it the most lethal conflict since of Civic Equality in Israel, compared Suid-Afrika” (“The Call of South Af- Balkans. They, too, deserve to be in- Gaza, altering “Hatikvah” would be World War II. 10 similar Arab and Jewish munici- rica”), the apartheid-era hymn, was cluded in the national community. ity to the state. At the same time, if a sign of weakness. Probably no slaughter has gotten palities. The total 2004 welfare budg- merged with “Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika” Let’s not over-venerate “Hatik- Israel is prepared to evolve and I would argue precisely the oppo- fewer column inches — or fewer tele- et for the Jewish municipalities was (God Bless Africa), the anthem of vah.” However stirring its chords adapt, it must demand full civic loy- site. Changing that one word from vision minutes — per million deaths. 220.8 million shekels (about $50 mil- the African National Congress. A and words, it is not an ancient He- alty from its Arab population. It “Jewish” to “Israeli” soul would So even after all that suffering, Congo lion), but only half that, 107.4 million, powerful symbol of the new multi- brew song. Its lyrics were written in would no longer be enough for many show both strength and confidence, still hasn’t risen to a prominent place for their Arab counterparts. racial country, the anthem is now 1886 by Naftali Herz Imber, a Cen- to regard themselves as semi-dis- because it would send a clear mes- on the international agenda. sung in three African languages — tral European poet. The melody, by connected citizens. sage: here we are, Israelis — Jewish, That’s why I came here with Lea- Adam LeBor is the author of “City of Xhosa, Zulu and Sotho — as well as Samuel Cohen, was inspired by the Three years ago in Jaffa, I met a Christian, Muslim, African, Russian na Wen and Will Okun, the student Oranges: An Intimate History of Ar- English and Afrikaans. Czech composer Bedrich Smetana’s Jewish community activist named and more — in the heart of the Mid- and teacher from my win-a-trip con- abs and Jews in Jaffa.” Such a gesture of inclusion is need- work “The Moldau,” itself based on a Sami Albo. Mr. Albo told me of his dle East. And we are here to stay. Ø test. (Video and photos of the trip and blogs by Will and Leana are at nytimes.com/twofortheroad.) The U.N. did hold elections last year, and much of Congo is indeed more stable today. But here in this re- The Supreme Court’s Bonus Babies gion of eastern Congo, a wretched situation is getting even worse. some of the justices themselves. They court for two years after their clerk- For every Supreme Court clerk, ment, paid for by the private sector, to Since January about 150,000 people By David Lat are attacked as the private sector’s ships (by which time they may no there is another similarly gifted law- comparatively modest clerkly wages have been driven from their homes by way of luring some of the profession’s longer be at the firm). yer who could do law firm work just (less than $65,000 a year). renewed violence, and there are wide- most promising new members away Perhaps the best justification for as well, but who narrowly missed out The financial freedom supplied by spread fears that a larger war is WASHINGTON looming. FTER the Supreme Court’s from more worthwhile enterprises. eye-popping clerkship bonuses is that on a high court clerkship. Such “near- these bonuses can allow the clerks But this is exactly backward: these Supreme Court clerkships correlate misses” are like generic drugs, or who decide against a corporate career “We see war coming,” Mr. Nkunda term ends this month, said, and he pulled out his laptop to the nine justices will go outsized bonuses, while questionable strongly with legal genius; the clerk store-brand paper towels: they per- to move on more quickly to what truly investments for the law firms, are ac- form the same function, at a fraction interests them — academia, govern- show a map indicating that various their separate ways for jobs are so coveted that those who get tually healthy for the legal system as of the cost. For every $250,000 Su- ment practice or public-interest law. government-backed forces are being the summer. A few them must be the best legal minds. a whole. The problem with this “screening preme Court clerkship bonus, a firm Law firms end up in effect subsidizing dispatched to attack him. He added: weeks later, their 36 From a narrowly economic point of could pay five clerkship bonuses of less wealthy precincts of the profes- “The only reply to war and ammuni- Alaw clerks — the young legal geniuses view — focusing on the actual work $50,000 — the going rate — to former sion. tion is war and ammunition.” who spend a year assisting the jus- the clerks will perform, and setting appeals court clerks who just missed In recent years, the practice of law I told him — a bit nervously — that tices in selecting cases for review, aside the law firms’ quest for prestige out on clerking for the Supreme Court at the nation’s largest firms has be- such tribalism and fighting has torn preparing for oral argument and Law firms throw and bragging rights — it is difficult to (disclosure: I’m one of those former come much more of a business and apart a country that should be one of drafting opinions — will leave the understand why firms fight for the money at former appeals court clerks who didn’t get a much less of a profession. Firms have Africa’s richest. But Mr. Nkunda, who court’s marble palace at 1 First Street right to shower 26-year-olds with cash. golden ticket). been squeezing more billable hours quotes Gandhi, emphasized that what for good. Clerkships tend to attract, and jus- clerks. This is good. The bigger point is that even if the out of their associates, abandoning counts here is simply force. “You go Most of these clerks will join elite tices tend to hire, academic or intel- astronomical Supreme Court clerk- less lucrative practice areas and by strength,” he said. private law firms. This is not surpris- lectual types. Once in private prac- ship bonuses may be dubious invest- showing the door to partners who There are no easy solutions here, al- ing, since firms entice them with sign- tice, these lawyers typically gravitate ments for law firms, they are good don’t bring in enough business — though some steps are essential: sup- ing bonuses that are expected to reach toward more academic fields like ap- function” justification, however, is news for our legal system. Here’s measures that would have been un- porting professional training and re- $250,000 this year — paid on top of pellate litigation (the former practice that the law-clerk hiring process isn’t why: by promising clerks a financial heard of in the profession’s more gen- form of the Congolese security forces, starting salaries approaching area of Chief Justice John Roberts). entirely merit-driven. The justices windfall on the back end of their clerk- teel days. pressuring neighboring Rwanda to $200,000. Thus some former clerks, in It’s a field characterized by relatively consider qualities other than legal ships, firms encourage bright young So this bizarre competition among support central authority over the full their first year practicing law, will low billable hours and profit margins acumen when picking clerks (as they lawyers — many of whom carry loads prestige-hungry law firms to collect country, bolstering the peace process, earn twice as much as their former compared to, say, time-intensive are perfectly entitled to do). The for- of educational debt — to render serv- the most young legal rock stars actu- and interdicting mineral exports that judicial bosses (the chief justice earns trials or high-margin merger-and-ac- mer Chief Justice William Rehnquist ice to the court and country. The bo- ally represents a healthy check, how- finance rebel armies. But the most $212,000 a year; his colleagues earn quisition work. favored applicants who played tennis. nuses place clerks in a similar (or su- ever modest, on this profit-maximiz- important step is simply for the in- $203,000 each). By virtue of their clerkship experi- Hugo Black, who was from Alabama, perior) position financially to their ing behavior. By harnessing irrational ternational community to acknowl- These gargantuan clerkship bo- ence, clerks do have specific expertise had a soft spot for clerks from South- classmates who went directly into pri- law firm egotism to serve the rest of edge that a war that costs four million nuses have their critics, including in Supreme Court litigation. But prac- ern law schools. And all the justices vate practice instead of clerking for the profession, enormous clerkship lives must be an international priori- tice before the court is, even for the interview prospective clerks to assess two years (the first with a lower-court bonuses achieve an impressive, in- ty, even if the victims aren’t staring at David Lat is the editor in chief of most elite firms, a tiny field. More- personality fit — which makes sense, judge, the second with a Supreme creasingly difficult feat: getting top us from television screens. Ø Above the Law, an online legal tab- over, former clerks are ethically since they will be working closely with Court justice). The bonuses can be law firms to contribute to something loid. barred from practicing before the their clerks for an entire year. viewed as an after-the-fact supple- other than their own bottom line. Ø Paul Krugman is on vacation. Reading 6: “Killing in the Name of God”13

The following post was written by medical student Leana Wen and published on June 21, 2007, on the New York Times blog Two for the Road: In Africa with Nick Kristof (twofortheroad.blogs.nytimes.com).

Killing in the Name of God Posted by: L. Wen Date: 06/21/2007

The most bizarre experience on this trip so far has been the visit to General Laurent Nkunda. It’s hardly an everyday occurrence to go to the military camp of an actual “warlord” who is accused of raping and massacring thousands. (He prefers to be referred to as “liberator of the people” and denies all allegations against him.) . . .

One of the most striking parts of the interview is the religious fervor with which General Nkunda led his troops. Apparently, he is very influenced by the evangelist movement, and as a pastor in the Pentecostal church, he helps to convert and baptize his troops. He proudly sported a pin, “Rebels for Christ.” Before each drink and meal, he and his faithful prayed. “We fight in the name of the Lord,” he told us. “That is what I tell all my troops. When they fight, they have God on their side.”

As a lapsed Christian, I have to admit that I don’t know much about Christianity. But something about Nkunda’s comments made me feel ill to my stomach. Was he really using God as a license to kill? Was it really his conviction that God was with him in battle, or was he using “the God card” as a way to manipulate and control his troops? It would

Posted by: L. Wen Date: 06/21/2007 not be the first time that the name of God has been used to consolidate power, and certainly not the first time religion has given hope and purpose to unemployed young men without good futures. . . .

I lie awake at night thinking about our experiences in Congo. Meeting this charismatic general who sounds like a preacher is superimposed with seeing the villages destroyed and hearing the stories of those whose lives were cut short because of conflict. To be fair, other “warlords” and rebel groups are also implicated in the conflict. And I may not know much about Christianity, or God. But the basic values of humanity are such that killing and maiming innocent people—in anyone’s name—is just wrong. That General Nkunda is able to use religion as a rallying cry to the point of committing such atrocities is testament to the depth of the problems and the erosion of human values in Congo.

36 TEACHING REPORTER Reading 7: “Fear”14

The following post was written by high-school teacher Will Okun and published on June 20, 2007, on the New York Times blog Two for the Road: In Africa with Nick Kristof (twofortheroad.blogs.nytimes.com).

Fear Posted by: W. Okun Date: 06/20/2007

I can hear the music pulsating in the thick Congo night, inviting me. “Come over, dance, drink, have a good time, enjoy life.” But I am scared to leave the hotel at night.

The breaking news is just over those mountains, the stories that will bring attention to the horrific conflicts of Congo. But I am too scared to go. There is fighting in the hills, and everyone says the soldiers on both sides are immoral, unpredictable, and without remorse.

It is terrible to feel such fear, it shakes you to the core. It controls your days and your nights, your security, your freedoms, and even seeps into your dreams. I do not have to live in such fear; in one week I can go home. But such is life in parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo, where various conflicts have killed four million people and displaced one-and-a-half million more since 1998.

Imagine living in a rural community where your daughter could be raped, or even sodomized, by soldiers every time she leaves home. Recently, Nick Kristof asked a village leader to speak with a woman who had been raped, and the line continued to grow and grow at a sickening rate.

Imagine living in a rural community where you do not grow crops to feed your family, because the soldiers will simply eat all the fruits of your labor anyway. Imagine hiding the fact that you have a job, because the soldiers will ransack your house first. Imagine leaving your village and home with your family in the dark of night for places unknown, because the soldiers’ violence devours everything in its path.

The gripping control of fear is not exclusive to Congo. I know families in Chicago who do not let their kids outside to play. I have seen children scatter when it was only a car backfiring. I have taught high-school gang members who know any day could also be their last day.

what do we learn from the news? 37 People do not appreciate security until they experience fear. Fear is so encompassing that it can become a person’s driving force. It is ludicrous to expect a person, community, or even a nation to prosper and progress when they are in the throes of instability, insecurity, and fear.

Basic human rights like education, health, liberty, etc., cannot be developed and obtained until security is established, whether it be in Congo or in Chicago.

And yet most of us, including myself, are only truly concerned about the security of our loved ones. We do not care about the other side of town, [let alone] the other side of the world. How can I care about wars in Africa when I do not even care enough to combat gang warfare, bad schools, inadequate health care, unsafe water, etc., on the South Side of Chicago? How do I change this mindset, for myself and for others?

38 TEACHING REPORTER Reading 8: “3-Way Battles Again Jolt Eastern Congo”15

The following news article was written by reporter Jeffrey Gettleman and published on page A3 of the international section of the New York Times on October 25, 2007.

NAIROBI, Kenya—Eastern Congo officials blame them for terrorizing continues to be wracked by violence, civilians, especially women. UN officials said yesterday, and battles In the past few weeks fight- between rival militias are driving ing has raged between the Congo- thousands of beleaguered villagers lese Army and the forces of Laurent from their homes and complicating Nkunda, a dissident Tutsi general who the government’s efforts to strike a has accused the Congolese Army of truce. helping the Hutu militias, a charge Sylvie van den Wildenberg, a UN the army denies. Nkunda says his spokeswoman in eastern Democratic men—and boys, because many are Republic of Congo, said a three-sided child soldiers—are simply protect- fight broke out this weekend among ing the Tutsis in Congo from being the Congolese government and two massacred. militias, one allied with government Joseph Kabila, Congo’s president, troops and the other fiercely indepen- tried to negotiate with Nkunda. Then, dent. The government is now trying to a few weeks ago, Kabila gave him an disarm both militias, but it is not clear ultimatum, threatening to wipe out if either will submit. his troops unless they turned in their The warfare has turned eastern guns or joined the national army. UN Congo into a kill zone, and in the officials said more than 1,200 fighters past few days tens of thousands of defected to the government. residents have fled. The number of But then the Mai-Mai entered the displaced people in just one province, equation. The Mai-Mai are a huge North Kivu, has swelled to more than force of loosely organized Congolese 750,000. militiamen, who have jumped into the “It’s a catastrophe,” van den fight on the side of the government, Wildenberg said. “. . . All these people saying that Nkunda is a warlord. are running, and no one seems to On Saturday, as Nkunda’s forces know where to go.” battled government troops near the After Hutu death squads extermi- Rwandan border, the Mai-Mai attacked nated hundreds of thousands of Tutsis Nkunda from a different direction. in Rwanda in 1994, many culprits fled Heavy artillery boomed and sent tens into the thickly forested hills of eastern of thousands of villagers scattering in Congo, next door. The Hutu militias the rain. Kabila ordered the Mai-Mai have regrouped, and United Nations to stand down, but they refused.

what do we learn from the news? 39 Reading 9: Images of Congo

The following four photographs were taken by Will Okun during his trip to Congo in June 2007 and are published on his website, www.wjzo.com.

40 TEACHING REPORTER

what do we learn from the news? 41 Connections

1. What is the benefit of reviewing multiple sources, written from different perspectives, about the same topic? What are the consequences when we limit ourselves to only one version of events? Given the tremendous amount of information available on the Internet, how do you know when you have accessed enough information to form a thoughtful opinion about a subject?

2. Nicholas Kristof’s column is an editorial; Leana Wen and Will Okun wrote blogs; the other stories appeared in the front sections of the newspaper. What information do you assume about media based on its genre (type) and where you find it? Is it important that “news” stories are distin- guished from opinion pieces? Why or why not?

3. According to the Center for Journalism Ethics, “The internet has created a new sphere where everyone can be a journalist; all you need is a computer and an opinion—no training necessary.”16 Do you think that only a trained journalist should be reporting the news? Why or why not? When reading a news story, what do you want to know about who wrote it? Why is this information important?

4. What criteria do you use when deciding if you can trust what you are reading, watching, or hearing? If you were writing a news story, blog, or editorial, what could you do to improve your trust- worthiness as a writer?

5. When you think of Africa, what images and topics come to mind? Do you think of Africa as one vast continent or as a collection of distinct nations? Do you think of Nobel Prize winners, successful businesses, and thriving agriculture? Why might this be the case? See Africa Differently (www.seeafricadifferently.com) is a website dedicated to celebrating the good news coming out of Africa. What is the role of such a website?

6. Richard Dowden argues that journalists like Kristof paint a negative portrait of Africa because they cover only the problems facing the continent. Reporter filmmaker Eric Metzgar responds to this argument as follows:

My response is that—the way that Nick works is. . .a bit like a surgeon. You know, you don’t wanna go in and have your surgeon tell you, “Well, I’ve looked you over and your elbow is workin’ just fine and your vision’s great. And come back later.” You know, you’d say, “Well, I came here to know what the problems are and what we can do to fix ’em.” And so Nick goes in there simply to say, “Look, there’s excess suffering happening here. And people are not shining a light on it. Americans are not aware of what’s happening, and if they were then maybe they can do something.17

What do you think of Metzgar’s argument? What could be the consequences if reporters focus exclusively (or mostly) on the problems facing a community? What could be the consequences if reporters focus exclusively (or mostly) on solutions? What do you suggest as a reasonable compromise for those who want reporters to cover both problems and solutions? How should communities

42 TEACHING REPORTER be represented by the media? Is it important for journalists to balance negative stories with positive ones? How is your community covered by the media? Are there stories that should be told that are not covered by the media? Why do you think this may be the case?

7. In an interview with Teen Ink magazine, Kristof shares one of his concerns as a reporter. He worries that “focusing on the massacres, and the mass rape, and all the other bad things, I leave people with a misperception of the continent [Africa] as a whole that discourages tourism, that discourages studying abroad, that discourages investment.”18 Do you think this is a valid concern? What could Kristof do so that readers are less likely to hold misperceptions of Africa?

8. In the editorial “Dinner with a Warlord,” Kristof complains about the lack of media coverage of Congo:

More than four million people have died in Congo’s wars since 1998, making it the most lethal conflict since World War II. Probably no slaughter has gotten fewer column inches—or fewer television minutes—per million deaths. So even after all that suffering, Congo still hasn’t risen to a prominent place on the international agenda.

What gets the most attention in the media, in the newspaper, on television, and on the Internet and social networking sites? What should get the most attention? Why?

9. According to a 2008 survey by the Pew Research Center, most Americans “follow international news only when important developments occur.”19 What can be done to bring attention to ongoing humanitarian crises, like poverty, lack of clean drinking water, the mistreatment of women and girls, etc.?

1. Elecia Chrunik, “Does ‘Caring’ Require Advocacy in Journalism?,” Center for Journalism Ethics, June 16, 2008, http://www.journalismethics.ca/feature_articles/does_caring_require_advocay.html.

2. “Transcript: Caring About Congo,” NOW on PBS, February 12, 2010, http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/607/transcript.html.

3. Nicholas Kristof, “Bright Continent,” New York Times, May 1, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/03/books/review/ Kristof-t.html?_r=2.

4. Ibid.

5. Will Okun, “Winning Essay: Will Okun,” New York Times, April 29, 2007, accessed September 19, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/29/opinion/29wat-okun.html.

6. Will Okun, “Win a Trip: Will’s Reflections,” New York Times video, July 2, 2007, accessed September 10, 2010, http://video.nytimes.com/video/2007/07/03/opinion/1194817111919/win-a-trip-wills-reflections.html.

7. Renee Hobbs, “Building Citizenship Skills through Media Literacy Education,” Center for Media Literacy, http://www.medialit.org/reading_room/article365.html.

8. Renee Hobbs, “Building Citizenship Skills through Media Literacy Education.”

9. Carolynne Burkholder, “Citizen Journalism: Blogging,” Center for Journalism Ethics, http://www.journalismethics.ca/ citizen_journalism/blogging.htm.

10. Mark Glaser, “Your Guide to Citizen Journalism,” PBS MediaShift, September 27, 2006, accessed September 19, 2010, http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2006/09/your-guide-to-citizen-journalism270.html.

what do we learn from the news? 43 11. “Research Profile: The GoodPlay Project–Overview,” 2007, accessed September 19, 2010, http://www.goodworkproject.org/research/ digital.htm.

12. Nicholas Kristof, “Dinner with a Warlord,” New York Times, June 18, 2007.

13. Leana Wen, “Killing in the Name of God,” Two for the Road (blog), June 21, 2007, http://twofortheroad.blogs.nytimes.com.

14. Will Okun, “Fear,” Two for the Road (blog), June 20, 2007, http://twofortheroad.blogs.nytimes.com.

15. Jeffrey Gettleman, “3-Way Battles Again Jolt Eastern Congo,” New York Times, October 25, 2007, http://www.nytimes/ com/2008/01/06/world/africa/06congo.html.

16. Carolynne Burkholder, “Citizen Journalism.”

17. “Transcript: Caring About Congo.”

18. Eliza E. and Alicia H., “Journalist Nicholas Kristof,” Teen Ink, accessed September 19, 2010, http://www.teenink.com/nonfiction/ celebrity_interviews/article/207195/Journalist-Nicholas-Kristof.

19. “Key News Audiences Now Blend Online and Traditional Sources,” The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, August 17, 2008, http://people-press.org/report/?pageid=1356.

44 TEACHING REPORTER Investigation Four What can we do to help? Education and action

The reading in this investigation has been selected to deepen our understanding of ideas presented in the documentary Reporter. As we follow Nicholas Kristof through eastern Congo, we are confronted with many of the problems—including poverty, lack of medical care, and violence—endured by the women, children, and men living in the region.

Overview

In the spring of 2007, Leana Wen, a medical student, applied to win a trip to central Africa with New York Times columnist Nicholas Kristof. In her winning essay, she writes, “I want to fight these injustices and change the world.” She believes that traveling with Kristof will give her some tools to do this. Wen’s desire to fight injustice comes from personal experience. She explains:

My upbringing exposed me to injustices firsthand. Raised in a dissident family in China, I came to the US on political asylum after the Tiananmen Square massacre.* We were outsiders in a Communist regime and remained outsiders in predominantly Mormon Utah and then inner- city Los Angeles. Though Shanghai, Logan, and Compton have little else in common, they all bear witness to the differences between the haves and have-nots, and I grew up keenly aware of the impact of political, cultural, and socioeconomic oppression. As a child with life-threatening asthma and debilitating speech impediment, I also confronted the stigma of disability and the challenges of seeking health care with limited resources. Yet the mechanisms to address injustices eluded me.1

Wen decided to become a doctor so that she could “help those most in need.” Yet during her first few years in the medical profession, she “witnessed more problems than found solutions.”2 Frustrated, she arrived at the following belief: “Global change requires more than pills and individual-level change: it hinges on concerted education and mobilization.”3 While in central Africa with Kristof, Wen elaborated on this idea in the blog entry “What Can We Do to Help?” Her broad suggestions—educate yourself, educate others, and take action—can be applied to help solve any problem, from global poverty to

“I think that there are a lot of young people who are not put off by the vastness of the challenges, but are making these incremental differences in real places. . .” 4 – Nicholas Kristof

* In 1989, thousands of demonstrators, many of them students, gathered in the largest public square in the world—Tiananmen Square in Beijing—to protest against the Chinese government in favor of democratic reform. The “Tiananmen Square massacre” refers to the government’s crackdown on protesters, which resulted in an unknown number of deaths, with estimates ranging from 100 to 3,000 (http://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/21/world/a-reassessment-of-how-many-died-in-the-military-crackdown-in-beijing.html).

what can we do to help? 45 neighborhood hate crimes. After reading this blog post, consider the issues that impact your community, problems that provoke your sense of outrage, or causes that you care about. What can you do to help? In particular, how can you use your voice to intervene in the face of injustice? How can you use your role as a consumer and creator of media to prevent future injustice?

Reading 10: “What Can We Do to Help?”

The following post was written by medical student Leana Wen and published on the New York Times blog Two for the Road: In Africa with Nick Kristof (twofortheroad.blogs.nytimes.com) on June 27, 2007.

“What Can We Do to Help?” Posted by: L. Wen Date: 06/27/2007

One of the most common comments we get goes: “What can I do to help? You guys talk so much about the problems, and now I want to do

). something.” I don’t like to bring up problems without proposing solutions. In this second-to-last entry,

www.wjzo.com I propose concrete action steps to channel passion and idealism into activism and action.

Be forewarned that I don’t think that

Courtesy of Will Okun ( giving money is usually the best Doctor Leana Wen travels around the world learning about global health way to help. I believe that educa- issues and educating others. tion, awareness, and tangible actions multiply many times over. They are actions that, during your lifetime, will far outweigh infrequent monetary contributions. An aid worker at HEAL Africa summarized my thoughts when she said, “It’s too easy to give money and feel like you’ve helped. Doing something shouldn’t be about relieving your guilty conscience.” That said, there are many humanitarian organizations doing great things that rely on donor funds, and I do hope that you consider supporting them. I am just proposing other ways to help beyond monetary contributions.

46 TEACHING REPORTER 1) Educate yourself Exposure to and understanding of issues is the most important and most fundamental step of “doing something” to help. Broaden your understanding through reading and traveling. Your voice as an activist will be much stronger if assertions are backed by evidence, and if your passion and conviction is grounded in reality. . . .

2) Educate others Once you understand the issues and have spent time abroad, use your social and professional networks to educate others and share ideas. You have more networks than you might think. Forward articles to help educate family and friends. Join discussion forums. If you worked abroad or spent time researching an issue, seek opportunities in your community to give talks. . . .

3) Take action Assist existing humanitarian aid groups. There are many excellent aid organizations worthy of your investment or volunteer time. . . . Lobby your legislators. It’s not because of politicians that the US is not doing enough to help Africa or to stop the war in Congo. It’s because we have not, as a country, expressed interest in global issues. . . . Ultimately it is us who will propel our government to action.

Finally, remember that problems don’t exist just in Africa; injustices exist everywhere. Social activism is not limited just to the places “over there”; there are many opportunities to assist no matter where you are. Insecurity is not limited just to war-torn areas; there are destructive people and destructive values that exist in our own backyard. There is a lot we can do by assisting our own communities. Part of being globally conscious involves striving to help all those around us, to the best of our abilities, every single day.

what can we do to help? 47 Connections

1. Make an identity chart for Leana Wen.* What do you know about her? How do you think her identity has shaped her goal “to solve global problems by educating and motivating the public to action”?5 How has your identity shaped your beliefs about civic participation—about being involved in your community (local, national, or global)?

2. Wen’s first suggestion is to “educate yourself.” What do you want to know more about, in terms of problems facing communities near or far? Where might you look to find this information?

3. Wen writes about the need for people to be “globally conscious.” In other words, people should know something about what is happening around the world. Yet despite the rise in access to news, the proportion of young people who do not read or watch the news—online, in print, or on television—has actually increased.6 Do you think this is a problem? What can be done to get more young people to access the news? Besides watching or reading the news, how else might young people learn about what is going on in the world?

4. In an interview with Teen Ink magazine, Kristof offers advice about how we should “educate ourselves” about what is happening in the world:

Maybe the biggest thing I would caution against is something that is very human, which is to seek out sources we agree with. There is a deeply ingrained tendency for liberals and conservatives alike to find sources that just seem incredibly reasonable, and tend to be those that confirm our every prejudice. . . . And I think that tends to be bad for democracy and for one’s own intellectual development. So, I would encourage students to bite the bullet and go out and seek out intelligent views that challenge the things they hold dear.7

What are the consequences when we only read or watch points of view that affirm our beliefs? Where would you go to seek out views that are different from your own?

5. Wen’s second suggestion is for people to “educate others.” How might this be done? The website www.halftheskymovement.org (a companion to the book Half the Sky, written by Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn, about the plight of women around the world) provides some ideas. It lists three “simple actions [that] have the potential to reach thousands. . .even millions of people across the planet”:

1) spread the word via social networking, 2) tell a friend by sharing an email, and 3) download images and use them on your blog or web page or add them to your email signature.

* Learn more about identity charts (www.facinghistory.org/resources/strategies/identity-charts) by reading pages 8–9 of Facing History and Ourselves: Holocaust and Human Behavior (www.facinghistory.org/resources/hhb).

48 TEACHING REPORTER Have you ever done any of these things? What are other ways you can use the Internet to educate others about a cause that is important to you?

6. Leana’s final suggestion is to “take action.” She reminds us that “problems don’t exist just in Africa; injustices exist everywhere.” What injustices exist in your community? What is being done about them? If you were going to take action, what could you do to help?

7. Even after learning about a problem, many people do not take action. Why do you think this is the case? What obstacles get in our way? Under what circumstances might someone become motivated to take action? Have you ever been motivated to take action for something you believed in? If so, what motivated your decision to get involved? If not, why do you think that you have never felt inspired to do something on behalf of a cause you care about?

8. How can teenagers play a role in helping to solve world problems? Are those under voting age too young to make a difference? Kristof believes youth can have an impact in addressing world problems. He explains:

One thing I think today’s teenagers are really good at is starting projects that make a difference abroad, instead of supporting some kind of symbolic protest that feels good but doesn’t make a specific difference in people’s lives. Last night, for example, I met Brittany Young, a young woman who started a group called “A Spring of Hope.” In high school she started this group [that] essentially builds wells for schools in Africa. Although this is not going to solve the world’s problem of bad water, or solve education problems in Africa, for a few specific schools, it’s going to mean they’re going to get water where they didn’t have it before. That’s a real difference, and I think that there are a lot of young people who are not put off by the vastness of the challenges, but are making these incremental differences in real places.8

To what extent do you agree or disagree with Kristof’s statement? What opportunities exist for teenagers to make “incremental differences in real places”? What might limit the ability of teenagers to have an impact?

1. Leana Wen, “Winning Essay: Leana Wen,” New York Times, April 29, 2007, accessed September 19, 2010, http://www.nytimes. com/2007/04/29/opinion/29wat-wen.html.

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. Eliza E. and Alicia H., “Journalist Nicholas Kristof,” Teen Ink, accessed September 19, 2010, http://www.teenink.com/nonfiction/ celebrity_interviews/article/207195/Journalist-Nicholas-Kristof.

5. Ibid.

6. “Key News Audiences Now Blend Online and Traditional Sources,” The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, August 17, 2008, http://people-press.org/report/444/news-media.

7. Eliza E. and Alicia H., “Journalist Nicholas Kristof.”

8. Ibid.

what can we do to help? 49 Web Resources for Reporter

For information related to Nicholas Kristof and the film Reporter:

Making Media, Making Sense, Making a Difference (http://reporter.facinghistory.org) Facing History has developed a website to help students, educators, and community members explore questions about being an engaged global citizen in our information age. The website houses a digital version of Teaching “Reporter,” as well as additional Reporter resources (e.g. streaming film clips, lesson ideas, and interactive polls). This site also presents information about our Digital Media Innovation Network, including student work created by its members.

Two for the Road (http://twofortheroad.blogs.nytimes.com) This is the blog that Leana Wen and Will Okun kept while traveling with Nicholas Kristof in central Africa. The blog also includes video reflections and links to editorials Kristof wrote during the trip.

Reporter film website (http://www.reporterfilm.com/main.html) The official website for Reporter provides background information about Congo, photos taken during the filming of the documentary, biographies of Nicholas Kristof and the filmmakers, and action steps that might be taken after viewing this film.

Nicholas D. Kristof’s New York Times opinion page (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/opinion/ editorialsandoped/oped/columnists/nicholasdkristof/index.html) This page provides links to all of Kristof’s columns, along with video footage from some of his trips.

On the Ground (http://kristof.blogs.nytimes.com) Kristof’s blog on the New York Times website expands on the ideas from his columns. Readers’ comments contribute additional insights and questions. You can post your comments here, as well. Kristof can also be followed on Twitter (http://twitter.com/nickkristof) and Facebook (http://www.facebook.com/kristof).

WJZO Photography (http://www.wjzo.com) This is where Will Okun posts his photographs. Click on “c.africa” to view the images he took on his trip with Kristof.

Caring About Congo (http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/607/index.html) In February 2010, the PBS show NOW interviewed filmmaker Eric Metzgar about his experience making Reporter. You can read the transcript of this fascinating interview, watch it as a video, or listen to it as a podcast.

50 TEACHING REPORTER For information related to the Democratic Republic of Congo and Darfur:

Enough Project (http://www.enoughproject.org) Enough Project was founded to build a permanent constituency to prevent genocide and crimes against humanity. Its members maintain up-to-date resources on the situations in eastern Congo and Darfur.

Ripples of Genocide: Journey through Eastern Congo (http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/ congojournal/) This online exhibit, created by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, provides insights into Congo by examining the diaries of four individuals who traveled there in 2003 (including actress Angelina Jolie). The site also has information about the current situation in Congo.

Genocide Intervention Network (http://www.genocideintervention.net) This advocacy group was founded to empower individuals by giving them the tools to stop and prevent genocide. The website includes background information about Congo and Darfur, as well as ideas about what individuals can do to help restore peace to these regions.

A Promise Unkept (http://www.nytimes.com/packages/khtml/2004/10/20/opinion/ 20041020_DARFUR_FEATURE.html) This online presentation about Darfur, narrated by Nicholas Kristof, includes small video clips with topics such as “Why Should We Care?,” “America and Genocide,” and “What Can We Do?”

Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers (http://www.child-soldiers.org/home) This organization works to prevent the recruitment and use of children as soldiers and to secure their rehabilitation. The website provides an array of resources to help the public better understand this issue, including basic facts and the testimony of child soldiers.

For more information about journalism and reporting:

HSJ.org Published by the ASNE (American Society of News Editors), HSJ.org is one of the leading websites for information about high-school journalism. It includes investigations for students and teachers. In the teachers’ section, you can find hundreds of lesson plans and other resources on topics ranging from writing editorials to conducting interviews to copyediting.

Newseum (http://www.newseum.org) Newseum, located in Washington, DC, was founded for the purpose of “helping people better understand the news and the important role it plays in their lives.” Watching Reporter would be an appropriate activity before or after visiting this museum. The museum’s website hosts helpful resources for teachers, including lesson plans on topics such as “First Amendment” and “Head- lines from History,” and news stories from different historical eras.

Project for Excellence in Journalism (http://www.journalism.org) The Pew Research Center’s Project for Excellence is a nonpartisan website dedicated to the study

web resources 51 of the press. The website hosts survey results and reports—many of them focused on new media. This is a great site to explore for deeper knowledge about the changing landscape of journalism.

Center for Journalism Ethics for the Global Citizen (http://www.journalismethics.ca/index.htm) The website of the Center for Journalism Ethics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison focuses on advancing the ethical standards of journalism. The center explores ethical issues related to traditional journalism and new media, including blogging and citizen journalism. It also provides links to different examples of journalism ethics codes.

News Writing with Scholastic Editors (http://teacher.scholastic.com/writewit/news/index.htm) This website provides step-by-step instructions to help students write and publish their own news stories.

The News Manual (http://www.thenewsmanual.net) This professional resource for journalists includes three online manuals: Volume 1: Basic Tech- niques, Volume 2: Advanced Reporting, and Volume 3: Ethics and the Law. For beginners, you might want to start with “The Shape of a Story,” which includes an image and description of the inverted pyramid structure for news writing.

Student Reporting Labs (http://www.studentreportinglabs.com) PBS Newshour has created a website aimed to help student journalists create and share their work. The website includes information on how to create a student reporting lab that connects with local PBS stations and news professionals, as well as stories produced by students across the country. The Student Reporting Labs Curriculum (http://www.studentreportinglabs.com/ reporting-labs-curriculum) consists of nine lesson plans focused on digital and news literacy.

52 TEACHING REPORTER Credits

Grateful acknowledgment is made for permission to reprint the following:

Map of Congo. Reproduced with permission from Peace Corps World Wise Schools.

Photography by Will Okun, www.wjzo.com. Reproduced with permission.

“Follow for Now,” On the Media. Reprinted with permission from On the Media-WNYC Radio.

The following articles: © 2007 The New York Times. All rights reserved. Used by permission and pro- tected by Copyright Laws of the United States. The printing, copying, redistribution, or retransmission of the Material without express written permission is prohibited.

Nicholas Kristof, “Save the Darfur Puppy,” New York Times, May 10, 2007.

Nicholas Kristof, “A Student, a Teacher and a Glimpse of War,” New York Times, June 21, 2007.

Nicholas Kristof, “Dinner With a Warlord,” New York Times, June 18, 2007.

Will Okun, “Fear,” Two for the Road (blog), June 20, 2007.

Will Okun, “Winning Essay,” New York Times, April 29, 2007.

Leana Wen, “Killing in the Name of God,” Two for the Road (blog), June 21, 2007.

Leana Wen, “What Can We Do to Help?,” Two for the Road (blog), June 27, 2007.

Leana Wen, “Winning Essay,” New York Times, April 29, 2007.

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