RP-41
GOVERNMENTOF THE PEOPLE'SREPUBLIC Public Disclosure Authorized OF BANGLADESH
BANGLADESHROAD TRANSPORTAUTHORITY Public Disclosure Authorized
RESETTLEMENTACTION PLAN Public Disclosure Authorized DHAKA URBANTRANSPORT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized October 1998 I I I I Dhaka Urban Transport Project RESETTLEMENTACTION PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Resettlement Action Plan: Explanatory Statement
EXPLANATORYSTATEMENT ...... 4
SOCIAL IMPACTSAND RIESETTLEMENT:...... 6
RESETTLEMENTACTION PLAN ...... 6 1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES ...... -. 6 1.1 Background ...... 6 1.2 Bangladesh and World Bank requirements regarding displacement ...... 6 1.3 The need for resettlement in the project...... 7
WORK...... 9
PACKAGES...... 9 2. IMPACTS AND ENTITLEMENTS ...... 9 2.1 Types of impact to be addressed...... 9 2.2 Summary entitlement rnatrix...... 9 2.4 Resettlement sites ...... 12 2.5 Support principles for dlifferentcategories of impact...... 13 2.6 Entitlement policy farnework matrix ...... 19
CATEGORY1: LOSS OF LAND AND TREESTHEREON ...... 22 Category 3: Loss of residential and associated structures...... 26
DETAILS...... 26
CATEGORY5: LOSS OF USUFRUCTRIGHTS THROUGH MORTGAGE OR LEASE 29
C. VICINITY OF IMPACT: INDIRECTGROUP-ORIENTED IMPACTS. SUPPORT GIVEN TO COLLECTIVEGROUPS ...... 37 3. AREAS OF IMPACT ...... 38 4. PHASED APPROACH...... 38 5. SOCIAL ASSESSMENT., CENSUS AND SURVEY ...... 39 5.1 Social assessment ...... 39 5.2 Census and baseline socio-economic survey ...... 41
BUSINESSTYPE ...... 43
TOTAL...... 43 Locations ...... 43 , 5.3 Cut-off dlate...... 455 6. CO-ORDINATION BETWEEN CIVIL WORKS AND RESETTLEMENT ...... 45 6.1 Screening aiadplanning ...... 45 6.2 Implementation ...... 46 Land Acquisitio;nand Resettlement Summary Budget ...... 50 8. PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATION PROCESS ... . 51 8.1 Stakeholder participation ...... 51 8.2 Options and Choices for Project Affected People ...... 52 8.3 Information Campaigns...... 52 9. GRIEVANCE REDRESS PROCESS ...... 52 9.1 Valuation Process for Acquired-Assets...... 52 9.2 Annual Adjustment of Compensation...... 53 9.3 Grievance Procedure and Information Dissemination ...... 53 9.4 Steps for public consultation ...... 54 10. INSTITUT'IONAL ARRANGEMENTS ...... i5 10.1 Overall co-ordination ...... 55 10.2 Zone-level sub-committees...... 58 10.3 Resettlement and rehabilitation staff ...... 8 10.4 Collaboration with local NGOs ...... 59 10.5 Co-ordination with other Government agencies ...... 60...... 10.6 Transparency and accountability...... 60 10.7 Improvement in policy and practice...... 0 10.8 Flow of Funds ...... 60 11. MONITOIRING AND EVALUATION . 0..
TOTAL .88
TOTAL.89
TOTAL.9
3 EXPLANATORYSTATEMENT
1. The Governmentof the People's Republic of Bangladesh (GOB) has applied for a loan from the International DevelopmentAssociation (IDA) to assist in financing the Dhaka Urban TransportProject (DUTP).
2. The project has two major objectives:
(i) to improveurban transport services in an economicallyand environmentally sustainablemanner; and
(ii) to strengthenthe institutionaland policyframework and addresslong-term transport planningissues in the GreaterDhaka Metropolitan Area.
3. The DUTP will be implementedjointly by:
Dhaka City Corporation(DCC) Roadsand HighwaysDepartment (RHD) BangladeshRoad Transport Authority (BRTA) Dhaka MetropolitanPolice (DMP) RajdhaniUnnayan Katripakha (RAJUK) Departmentof Environment(DOE)
The key implementing agencies will be DCC and RHD. Some 70% of the project componentswill be implementedby DCCand some 15% by RHD.
4. The projectwith be co-ordinatedand managedby the Ministryof Communicationsand the proposed Greater Dhaka TransportPlanning and Co-ordinationBoard (GDTPCB)chaired by the Dhaka City Corporation Mayor. The GDTPCB will be responsible for transport planning and co-ordinationwithin the GreaterDhaka area, and will be underthe Ministry of Communications.
5. The DUTP is estimatedto cost US $200.55 million including physical contingenciesand provision for price increases. This cost is tentative due to cost estimates yet to be confirmedas a result of on-goingdetailed engineering design work.
6. Negotiationsfor the c:redithas been schedulein October 1998. The Governmenthas also made good progress in implementingvarious Action Plan tasks required by the IDA as a pre-conditionto Boardconsideration of the credit in December1998.
7. One such IDA Board conditioninvolves the completionand approval by the Governmentof Bangladeshand the World Bank of a ResettlementAction Plan, in accordancewith the World Bank's OD 4.30 on InvoluntaryResettlement
8. The formulationof a ResettlementAction Planentails:
(i) preparationand approvalof an entitlementpolicy frameworkfor the project, based on categoriesof socialand economicimpact on individuals,households, and local communities;
4 (ii) approvalof an implementationplan (ResettlementAction Plan) to oiperationalize the principlesagreed upon in the entitlementpolicy framework; and
(iii) evidenceof organisationaland institutionalcapacity to undertakethe land acquisitionand resettlementprogram.
9. It should be notedthat civil works can not take place under the DUTP befora the provisions in the approved ResettlementAction Plan have been carried out, and in accordancewith the entitlement principles agreed upon. This includes the normal proceduresunder the Acquisition and Requisitionof ImmovableProperty Ordinance of 1982, with adequatetime givenfor acquisitionnotifications under the varioussections of the Ordinance.
10. The EntitlementPolicy Frameworkfor the ResettlementAction Plan was preparedby the DUTP FPhaseII study consultantsand reviewedand approvedby the World Bank. It was also approved by the Government of Bangladesh in a meeting of the project Inter- SecretarialCommittee on June 3, 1998.
11. Based on this framework,a detailed ResettlementAction Plan (RAP) was developed. It contained guidelines and mechanisms for how to implement the provisions in the entitlementframework. It shouldbe noted that as of July 10, 1998, this Action Plan was still incomplete.The socio-economicsurveys.and verification of property rights had not yet been completed. Work had been underwayto collect the missing information and incorporateit into the final versionof the RAP.
12. This final version of the RAP, which has been approvedby the BangladeshGovernment and the World Bank, incorporatesall missinginformation on the nature and magnitudeof the impacts. The budget has also been revised based on the up-to-datedata ga[thered throughthe most recentstudies.
13.. The summarybudget given below reflects revisionsin terms of more accurate data on the project's impacts:
Acquisition of land and assets: Tk. 324.29 mill (US$ 6.90 mill) Income restitution: Tk 78.84 mill. (US$ 1.68 mill.) Community benefits: Tk. 7.12 mill (US$ 0.15 mill.) Administrative costs: Tk. 54.00 mill. (US$ 1.15 mill.) Contingency 8% Tk. 37.14 mill. (US$ 0.79 mill.)
Total: Tk. 501.40 mill. (US$ 10.67 mill.)
14. The Governmentof Bangladeshpays for acquisitionof land and private assets. 75% of other costs may be coveredby the World Bank loan. Becausethe major cost in the project is relatedto land acquisition,this works out to an overallcost sharing of GOB paying 77.5% of the land acquisitionand resettlementbudget, and IDA paying22.5%.
5 SOCIALIMPACTS AND RESETTLEMENT: RESETTLEMENTACTION PLAN
1. INTRODUCTIONAND OBJECTIVES
1.1 Background
The Governmentof Bangladeshis preparing the Dhaka Urban Development Project (DUTP) with assistancefrom the World Bank. It aims to improvetransport infrastructureand services in the Greater Dhaka MetropolitanArea. Phase I of DUTP(DUTP I) was completedby consultantsin mid-1997and was followedby Phase II (DUTP II) which is due for completionin the third quarter of 1998. DUTP I identified a range of key transport infrastructure and transport services investment components;the DUTP II consultantsare preparing detailed designs and bidding documentsfor a range of these components,in which private land acquisitionand resettlement has been avoidedas much as possible.
The DUTP components,for which detailed designs and bidding documents are being prepared and which are the basis of the DUTP ResettlementAction Plan, have been divided into two packagesof works:
(i) First packageof works: * 10 x intersectionimprovements * 3 x new NMTnetwork links 3 x new pedestrianfootbridges * 20 kms of sidewalkconstruction/improvement
(ii) Secondpackage of works: . 10 x intersectionimprovements * 3 x new NMTnetwork underpasses 3 x inter-districtbus terminalrehabilitation * provisionof bus lanesand lay-bys . provisionof auto-restrictedzones * 2 x new grade-separated interchange facilities (flyovers/overpasses) . 2 x parkingarea improvements * Tongi Bypass new bridge deck, road widening and 2 x intersectionimprovements.
This Resettlement Action Plan describes the principles and approaches to be followed in minimizingand mitigatingnegative social and relatedeconomic impacts caused by the project. It containsthe details of baselineand socio-economicsurveys of the potentiallyaffected population undertakenin the preparationof the project. It also containsthe institutionaland organisational mechanismsrequired to undertakethe resettlementprogram. 1.2 Bangladeshand VVorldBank requirementsregarding displacement
The Bangladesh Government's land acquisition law of 1982 (Acquisition and Requisition of 6 ImmovableProperty Ordinance of 1982) requiresthat land and other immovableproperty needed for a public purploseor in the public interest can be acquired by the Governmentat market value plus 50 percent on such market value "in consideration of the compulsory nature of the acquisition".The land acquisitionlaw ensures a statutory cash compensationto legal owners of properties under acquisition,but does not guarantee replacementof the acquired properties nor restorationof the standard-of-livingof those persons indirectlyaffected by the acquisition.As the prescribedmethod under the law for calculatingthe market value relies on governrnentrecords of property transactions, and as these tend to be under-valued to minirnize the payment of government duties, the compensation at market value invariably falls vvell below the actual replacement cost of the acquired property. In addition, the existing acquisition law hais no provisionsfor compensatingpeople who are not propertyowners but, nevertheless,stand to lose from the acquisition(including tenants and encroacherson public and private lancds).Appendix 1 containsfurther details on the Bangladeshlegal frameworkas it pertainsto land acquisitionand compensationunder the law.
The World Bank's policy on displacementis described in it's Operational Directive 4.30 on InvoluntaryResettlement. This policy documentstates that involuntaryresettlement is an inl:egral part of projectdesign, and should be dealt with from the earliest stages of projecl:preparation. It also states that adequate notificationof eviction must be given, and all compensationmust be carried out prior to any awardof contractfor civil works involvingIDA loan funds.
Despitesome deficienciesin the acquisitionlaw, the BangladeshGovernment and the World Bank aim to achieve the following overall goals related to resettlement:
* Involuntaryresettlement shall be avoidedor minimizedwhere feasible, exploringall viable alternativeproject design options.
* Whieredisplacement is unavoidable,people losingassets, livelihood or other resourcesshall be assistedin improvingor at a minimumregaining their former standardof livingat no cost to themselves.
1.3 The need for resettlementin the project
1.3.1 Squatterand vendorencroachers
Most of the infrastructurework plannedfor the DUTP will take place within the established public road reserves or right of ways (ROWs).Studies undertakenduring the preparation of the projectshow that these ROWs are not always free of encumbrances.The pubiic land is encroachedupon by squattersand vendorswho have erected structuresused for residentialor businesspurposes. Many of these squatterand vendor enicroacheirswill have to, be displaced as part of the project. While squatter and vendor encroachEtrsare not entitled to legal compensationfor land they occupy, the project will give targeted support to ensure that affected people are able to maintain their shelter and livelihood. They will be given assistanceto replace non-landstructures and assets lost as a direct result of the project. This approachis discussedin more details in section 2.5 on support' principlesfor different categoriesof impacts.
1.3.2 Land acquisitionand demolitionof structures
Some land acquisitionfor the DUTP is required at some of the intersectionswhere the infrastructureimprovements require additional land and, in particular, in conjunctionwith 7 the two proposedflyovers at Jatrabari and Mohakhaliwhere the at-grade improvementsto cater for traffic movementsbelow the flyovers require additional land. Many of these land acquisitionsites also involve affectedstructures and will requiredemolition of buildings.
Civil works under the project are being prepared as two bidding packages. As Table I shows, the two work packages will use a total of 30,142 square-meters (7.44 acres) of lands, of which 23,570 square-meters(or 5.82 acres) are under public ownership (GOB and its agencies like DCC, Rajuk, etc.). The first package of project works involves only one square meter of private land. The rest of the lands required for this package are under public ownership. The second work package involves almost all of the lands, 1.62 acres, that have to be acquired from private ownership. Nearly 84% of these lands are neededfor the two flyovers at Jatrabariand Mohakhali.
The first work package will require relatively minor demolition and/or removal of structures on the public lands. To the extent possible, the need for resettlementof affected persons has been minimizedfor works under this package.Yet, two of the three new NMT network links and some of the 10 intersectionsand associatedfootpath construction and improvementwill extend onto public lands beyond an existing ROW, requiringtransfer of these landsto DCCfor the new ROW.There will also be a need for the removal of structures on some of these public lands, as well as within some existing ROWs.
Full or partial displacementof structureswill take place for the works under packagetwo. The works under this packagehave also been revised to reduce displacement.The latest estimate shows that at the four areas of major impacts (Jatrabari and Mohakhaliflyovers, and Mouchak and Rajarbagh intersections)the number of the structures that will be affected has been greatly reduced: from the preliminary estimate of 338 to 39 only. Updating of informationwill be continuing in view of the design modificationsaimed at minimizingthe project'sresettlement impacts.
8 Table 1.3.2.1: Land Requirement(in Square-meters)and Locationsof PrivateLand Acquisition
Work Total Total Total Locationof PrivateLands and Amountof Public Private Amount Packages Land Lands Lands 1 First 12,573 12,059 1 Kakrail Intersection
Second 17,569 11,003 6,566 Mouchak Intersection: 350 Rajarbagh Intersection: 49 Moghbazar Intersection: 355 Tejgaon NMT Underpass: 300 Jatrabari Flyover: 3,145 Mohakhali Flyover: 2,367 TO)TAL _ 30,142 23,570 6,567 6,567
2. IMPACTSAND ENTITLEMENTS
2.1 Types of impactto be addressed
The resettlementpolicy for this project addressesdevelopment-induced impacts caused by the project, and is not limited to physicalrelocation. Studies conducted during project preparation indicate that there are three broad categoriesof social and related economic impacts which require mitigation.They are:
loss of assets,including land, non-residentialand residentialstructures, * loss of livelihoodor incomeopportunities, and * collectiveimpacts on groups,such as lossof livelihoodmeans of collectivegroups.
The first two categoriesrepresent direct projectimpacts on an identifiedpopul2ition. The people likely to be affected by the project in the area of impact have been surveyed and their names recorded. The project monitoringand evaluationwill comparethe longer-termirnpact against the project's baselinesocio-economic data.
The third category representsan indirect impact,where group membersneed not be individually registered. Gains and losses of a group-orientednature are not quantifiablein terms of impact on the individual. Mitigationand support mechanismsfor these collectivegroups will be collectively oriented. Monitoringof these beneficiarieswill involvethe study of the impacts uipon,and benefits for the groups involved,and includesmobile hawkersand roadsidevendors, rickshawpullers and beggars.
2.2 Summaryentitlement matrix
A summaryentitlement matrix for the projectis providedin the table on the nexi.page. It shows by check mark (tick) where "vulnerable"and "non-vulnerable"impactees (defined in the following 9 section 2.3) will be affectedby the differenttypes of project impacts (as listed in the left hand cells of the matrix).This is for impacteesfound both adjacentto, and within the existing ROWs affected by the project. A check mark (tick) indicateswhere a vulnerable or non-vulnerable impactee is eligible for support under the project. The entitlementcategories shown in the matrix, and their supportmechanisms are describedin more detail in the followingsections 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5.
10 DHAKA URBAN 1TRANSPORTPROJECT Social Impacts and Resettlement: Summary Entitlement Matrix Land acquisition and asset Displacement of asset Impactand assistance displacement adjacent to from within existing criterion existing ROW ROW _ Vulnerable Non- Vulnerable Non- Vulnerable Vulnerable A. Area of Imp;act: Loss of land and other assets (Support given to adult individuals, families and household) 1 Loss of lancdand trees thereon 2. Loss of non-residential i 4 i 4 and associated structures l 3. Loss of resiciential 4 4 4 4 and associated structures I 4 Loss of other non- 4 structure assets l 5. Loss of usufiruct rights l through mortgage or lease B. Area of Impact: Lost or diminished livelihood (Support given to adult individuals, men and women) 6. Loss of income from . displaced business activity . 7. Temporary loss of 4 4 other business activity income (business wage earners) 8. Temporary loss of 4 income from displaced business activity (permanent/semi- permanent stalls) 9. Loss of incorne from 4 rented private land and private premises 10. Lost or diminiished i 4 4 livelihood from any other impacts not yet identified C. Vicinity of Impact: Indirect group-oriented impacts (Support gliven to collective groups) 11. Loss of some livelihood 4 means due to collective impacts(s) l
11 2.3 Targetedsupport to vulnerablepersons and groups
Through socio-economicsurveys and other related studies, the project has determined who among the affected populationmay be consideredas "vulnerable"or at risk, or who are likely to be excluded from the normal benefits of growth and developmentin Dhaka. For the purposesof this project, vulnerablepersons and groupshave been definedas:
poor people (includinghawkers, roadside vendors and rickshawpullers) . * women-headedhouseholds, particularly poor women-headedhouseholds, * elderly people, particularlypoor elderly persons, * physicallyimpaired or disabledpeople, and * children.
Different impacts will affect these persons and groups differently, depending on the reason for their vulnerabilityunder the project,e.g. poor peoplemay be at risk of losing their livelihoodif they lose their meansof earningan income.
Those considered as poor will be members of any household earning at or below the official poverty level for Dhaka. As of 1998, the official household poverty level for Greater Dhaka City has been set at Taka 3,500 per mbnth. In 1998 it is estimatedthat some 55 percent of the city dwellers of GreaterDhaka live below the povertyline.
In the following entitlementpolicy framework,reference is make to certain people who may be potentially vulnerable as "socially recognized" persons, as recognized by the GDTPCB. Developmentprojects in developingcountries, such as the DUTP in Bangladesh,frequently affect people whose rights to land or other resourcesare not legally recognized,but are socially or culturally recognized. There may also be cases where official records and documents on ownershipor rights are incorrect,outdated or have been accidentallydestroyed. This may be the case in isolated instances on the DUTP where the onus is with the GDTPCB to determine eligibility for compensationof these people as "socially recognizedpersons" under the project, provided the impact is within the project's areas of impact defined in chapter 3 and exists at the time of the project's 'cut-off date" definedin section5.3.
Vulnerablepersons and groupswill receivetargeted support and specialattention from the project, and be provided with more options and support mechanisms than those not consideredvulnerable (i.e. "non-vulnerable").The issue of options is discussedin the section on participationand consultation.
2.4 Resettlementsites
At this stage of planning, very few householdsneeding relocationhave been identified. They do not form a cluster or a community,and the projectwill assist them in self-relocationto a location of their choice, rather than creatinga small townshipor resettlementsite.
Movementof larger groups or clustersof peopleis not envisagedin this project,and the preferred strategyin the urbancontext is to assist peoplein self-relocationrather than develop resettlement sites. However, should this become necessary in the future, such sites will be developed in accordance with Government of Bangladesh and World Bank established practices and guidelines;cf. for examplethe JamunaBridge Project. This includes:
12 * The need for communityrelocation sites shouldbe documented * Decisionsto establishsuch sites should be made in consultationwith the PAPs,who shouild approve the sites * Layoutsand designs of residentialsites should be preparedand approveidby all parties * The suitabilityof the proposedsites and the economicviability of maintaininglivelihoods irn a new locationshould be documented * Clear mechanismsshould be developedfor procuring,developing, and allotting housingplots * The necessaryinfrastructure (water, sanitation, electricity, elementary schools, raligious institutions,etc.) shouldbe developedas part of the project
2.5 Support lprinciples for differentcategories of impact
2.5.1 Loss of land and trees thereon(Category 1.)
The project may cause people to lose land and trees thereon that thiey own. The project -through the Bangladesh Governmentwill therefore compensate larld owners of required private land and any trees thereon with their entitled compensationunder the law (CUL). Their entitlementwill be CUL which is inclusiveof a 50% land premiurn,or the value of equivalentreplacement land, whicheveris the greater. The project will refund stamp duties on equivalentreplacement land where applicable,but only if the replacement land is purchasedwithin 12 months of the issuance of Notice 3 for land acquisition or duringthe life of the implementationperiod, whichever is the longer.
The entitilementunit for loss of privateland compensationis the land ownerwho may be an adult individualor individuals,adult member or membersof a private company,family or household.For public land transfer to DCC as new ROW land, the entitlement unit is the Government.For this project all Category 1 impacteesare classifiedas "non-vulnerable" affectedpersons/entities.
The value of equivalent replacementland will. be determined by the Greater Dhaka Transport Planningand Co-ordinationBoard (GDTPCB)based on equivalen.,mouza-wide, current rriarket prices. Where the equivalent replacementland value exceeds the CUL (inclusiveof the 50% land premium),the differencewill be paid by the GDTP(CB.
Compensationfor loss of land and any trees thereon will apply to affected public land (being transferred to DCC as new project ROW land), affected private non-reside!ntial (commercialetc.) land being activity used for its non-residentialpurpose at l:he time of the commencementof the acquisitionprocess, affected private residentiialland being actively used for its residential purpose at the time of the commencementof the acquisition process,and any affectedprivate idle/vacant/open land.
2.5.2 Loss of non-residentialand residentialstructures (Categories.2. aind 3.)
Although the need to demolishexisting structureshas been kept to a minimum,there are situations where this is unavoidableand structures need to be removed to accommcdate the proposed DUTP transport infrastructure and services. The project will therecfcre compensate,through the BangladeshGovernment, the owners of the non-residential and residential structures that need to be demolished for t:he project's implementationtheir entitledcompensation under the law (CUL). Where the legalityof ownership is not provable,the GDTPCBwill recognize "socially recognized owners" as
13 personsentitled to compensationfor loss of their structures.
There are two types of affected structures. A "non-shiftable structure" which is a structurewith walls and roof that are not salvageablemore or less intact, e.g. brick walls with reinforced concrete roof, and brick walls with Cl sheet roof; and a "shiftable structure"which is a structure made of materialsthat could be salvagedwithout incurring much damage to those materials e.g. structures with Cl sheet walls and roof, or with bamboowalls and Cl sheet roof and the like.
For "non-shiftable"structures, CUL inclusive of a 50% premium or the replacementvalue as determinedby the GDTPCB,whichever is the greater, will be paid as compensation. Owners of "non-shiftable" structures will be permitted to retain salvageable building materials,and a Structureor House ConstructionGrant of Tk 3,500 will be availableto those affectedowners who opt to constructa replacementstructure and who are classified by the projectas vulnerablePAPs.
For "shiftable"structures, compensation will not be paid. Instead, a Structure or House Transfer Grant equivalentto one-eighthof the replacementcost of the structure will be paid by the GDTPCB.If the owner of a "shiftable"structure is unable to shift (transfer)the structure, cash compensationwill be provided equivalentto the replacementvalue of the structure as determined by the GDTPCB, instead of receiving the Structure or House Transfer Grant.
Where applicable,when the entitlementis greaterthan the CUL amount (inclusiveof the 50% premium)as assessedby the DeputyCommissioner, the differencewill be paid by the GDTPCB.
Loss of structure compensationwill apply to all affected non-residential,residential and associated structures on affected private and public land. This will involve both " vulnerable" and "non-vulnerable"owners who may be an adult individual or individuals, adult memberor membersof a privatecompany, family or household.
Loss of structure compensationalso applies to "vulnerable"permanent stalls and static semi-permanentstalls locatedon privateand public land within the areas of impact (i.e. within the proposedproject ROWs).
A permanentstall is a solid structurefirmly (permanently)fixed to the footpath or road pavement(or ground) and/or a wall, and which is used for the purpose of selling products or services at one location/site. It cannot be easily dismantled or moved, nor manhandled. It can be secured (locked-up)by the vendor when not in use. A semi- permanent stall is a structure which may be loosely (semi-permanently)fixed to the footpath or road pavement(or ground)and/or a wall, or may be free-standingand which is used for the purpose of selling productsor services at one location/site.It can be easily dismantledand moved, or manhandled.It may or may not be able to be secured (locked- up) when not in use.
A "4static"semi-permanent stall refers to a hawker or vendor who operates that semi- permanentstall at the same single locationisiteevery working day he or she conducts business. That is, he or she has no other place of business from day-to-day; nor duringthe day.
14 As cash compensationis considereda high risk option for poor and "vulnerable"pieople and is normally inadequate in re-establishing their lost structures. Thea project;will therefore encourage "vulnerable" or at risk affected persons. to choose compensation options involving a replacement "non-shiftable" structure or the shifting of a "shiftable" structure. Wealthier or more resourceful people ("non- vulnerable"people), on the other hand, may prefer cash compensationwhich in their case does not entail a risk.
Squatters residingin squatterdwellings are categorisedas "particularlyvulnerable" people aind the project will thereforefacilitate access to alternate sites and assist affected people in gaining tenure at these sites by arranging for credit or giving priorityin existinghousing schemes.
2.5.3 Loss of other non-structureassets (Category 4.)
"Shiftable"and "non-shiftable"non-structure assets other than land will be affectedby the project, requiringtheir removal.The projectwill thereforecompensate owners of other non-strLlctureassets that need to be removedfor the project's implementation.This will also applyto "sociallyrecognized owners" of non-structureassets as recognizedby the GDTPCE3where the legalityof ownershipis not provable.
For "non-shiftable"assets, compensationwill be the estimated current CLULvalue or the replacementvalue of the assetas determinedby the GDTPCB,whichever is the greater. For "shiftable"assets, if the assetis shiftedby the owner,compensation will be one-eightof the replacementcost of the asset. The replacementvalue determinedby the GDTPCBwill be paid if the asset is unable to be shiftedby the owner. Where applicable, any entitlement greater than the CUL value will be paid by the GDTPCIB.
The com,pensationis applicableto non-structureassets on private and public lands, and will affect both "vulnerable"and "non-vulnerable"owners of those assets.
2.5.4 Loss of usufructrights through mortgage or lease (Category5.)
DUTP specificallyaims to reduce the extent of land acquisitionancd the need to demolish existingstructures, but there are many locationsunder the projectwhere land acquisitionor demolition of structuresis unavoidable.The project will therefore compensateowners of non-residential and residential structures that need to be demolished for the implementationof the project. Direct losses of usufruct right through mortgage or lease with legal agreements or through socially recognized verbal agreements will be compensatedunder the project.
The affected persons in this category will include all parties of both l(egal and verbal agreements.DUTP will identify such people, and classify them as 'vulnerable' or 'non- vulneralble'depending on their socio-economicstatus recordedduring the project's socio- economicsurvey.
Lossesof this nature are expectedto be of a temporarynature. The amouilt of such losses vary from case to case, dependingon previousincomes, length of dislocation,and other factors. For both legal and verbal agreements,the legal owners/mortgag,ses/leaselholders will be paid compensationto be sharedbetween the entitled partiesaccording to their rights 15 in their contract and /or agreement.A one-time transition allowance for temporary loss of income will be paid by the projectto the mortgageeor leaseholderof the mortgagedor the leased property (land, structure, or other asset) of 25% of the previous one year's net business income derived from legal business activities of the mortgagee or leaseholder directly associatedwith the occupancyof the affected mortgagedor leased property. This amountwill be proratedbased on the periodof dislocation.
In the instance whiere GDTPCB determines CUL payment that is smaller than the replacement value of the mortgaged or leased property, the legal owner will get the differenceas an additionalpayment from the project, if liabilitiesare already paid up. If the liabilitiesare not paidlup, the legal ownerwill only get the residualafter all liabilitiesare paid up. The 'vulnerable'mortgagees and leaseholderswill also be offered the compensation option of payment-in-kindby the GDTPCB.
2.5.5 Loss of livelihoodor incomefrom businessactivities (Categories 6. and 7.)
In some cases, the displacementcaused by the project will lead to loss of livelihoodor income opportunities,either temporarilyor permanently.In such cases, assistancewill be given to the affectedpopulation of businessactivities to re-establishtheir livelihood and income, and to compensatefor the temporary loss of income of their wage earning employees.
For the project, affectedbusiness owners, owner-operators and operatorsare classifiedas "non-vulnerable".On the other hand, their wage earning employees are considered "vulnerable"due to their low socio-economicstatus in Bangladeshsociety and the difficulty they may have in obtaining alternative employment. The entitlement unit eligible for assistancein categories6 and 7 will be the adult individual,both men and women, or the adult individualon behalf of the privatecompanies they represent.
For business owner-operatorsand business operators (franchisees),cash compensation will be paid by the 1GDTPCBfor loss of affectedbusiness net income,as determinedby the GDTPCB,based on their current average annual net income pro-ratedfor sixty days; plus a one-timemoving grant equivalentto compensationfor their regular daily wage rate x 120 days.
For business owners who are not owner-operators (i.e. business owners who are franchisers),they will be compensatedin cash by the GDTPCBonly for their direct loss of affected business;net income,as determinedby GDTPCB,based on their averagedirect annual incomepro-rated for sixty days.
For "vulnerable" wage earning employees of affected businesses, compensation for temporary loss of income will apply only to people not categorisedas business owners, business owner-operators or business operators. The employee must be currently employedin the affectedbusiness activity, and must have been employedfor at least six monthsin the twelve month periodby the businessactivity's employer immediately prior to the project's compensationentitlement cut-off date.
Compensationfor these "vulnerable"wage eaming employees will include a cash grant paid by the GDTPCBto cover temporaryloss of regularwage income,as determinedby the GDTPCB at the time of the project's compensationentitlement cut-off date. This 16 compensationwill be equivalent to his or her regular daily wage rate x 120 days: plus assistance from the GDTPCB in re-establishingand improving their previous livelihood through free vocational training and advice provided by the GDTPCE, and possibly organized by NGOs (as explained further in chapter 8 and section 10.4), with priority access for those trainees to commercialloans from financial institutionsfaicilitated by the GDTPCB; plus assistance as required through counselling provided by the GDTPCB includingfree adviceon altemativeemployment opportunities, with follow-up,throughout the project implementationperiod.
2.5.6 Temporaryloss of livelihoodor incomefrom businessactivities (Category 8.)
Some hawkersand vendorsoperating on both privateand public land (encroachers)will be displacedby the project resultingin a temporaryloss of livelihoodor income opportunities. In such cases,assistance will be given to the affectedowner-operator<; of permanent stalls a[nd static semi-permanentstalls and their wage earning employees and helpers.
For the project, these affected owner-operatorsand their employees and helpers are classifiedas "vulnerable"due to their low socio-economicstatus within Bangladeshsociety, and difficulties they may have in re-establishing their livelihood andi income after displacement.The affectedCategory 8 owner-operators,employees and helpershave been previously identified by the project, their stalls pholtograplied,and their identitiesrecorded during the project'ssocio-economic survey.
Compensationfor these owner-operatorswill includea cash grant paid by the GDTFPCBto cover temporary loss of net businessincome, as determinedby the GDTPCBat the time of the project's compensationentitlement cut-off date. This; compensationwill be based on their currentaverage annualnet incomepro-rated for thirty days, plus a one-time moving assistance as determinedby the GDPTCBequivalent to compensationfor their regulardaily wage rate x 60 days; plus assistancefrom the GDPTCBin re-establishingand improving their previous livelihood; plus assistance as required thrcugh counselling providedby GDTPCB,with follow-upthroughout the projectimplemientation period.
Compensationfor the wage earning employees or helpers of these owner-operatorswill include a cash grant paid by the GDTPCBto cover temporary loss of regular wage income, as determinedby the GDTPCBequivalent to their regular daily wage rate x 30 days; plus assistancefrom the GDPTCBin re-establishingand improvingtheir previous livelihood through free vocational training and advice provided by the GDTPCB and organized by NGOs, with priority access for those trainees to commercial loans from financial institutions facilitated by the GDTPCB; plus assistance as required through counselling provided by the GDTPCB, including free advice on alternative employment opportunities,with follow-upthroughout the projectimplementation period.
2.5.7 Loss of rentalincome (Category 9.)
Some landlordswill be affectedby the displacementof peoplefrom lancland structuresin the project's area of impact,resulting in their loss of rentalincome. Therefore, the project will compensateowners of legally rented property for loss of rental income as a direct resultof the project'simplementation.
These affected landlords are classified by the project as "non-vulnerable".They include 17 owners of affected legally rented private land, rented private non-residentialpremises and rented private residential premises as determinedby the GDTPCB through the project's socio-economicsurvey.
Their compensationwill be a cash grant paid by the GDTPCB equivalent to four months current rent based on the average monthly rental incurred over the four month period immediatelypreceding the project's compensationentitlement cut-off date, as determined by the GDTPCB.
2.5.8 Loss of diminishedlivelihood from any other impactsnot yet identified (Category10.)
Other impacts not able to be identifiedduring the project's socio-economicsurveys may entitle some peopleto some other form of compensation.Category 10 allows for other impactsto be mitigatedby the project based on the same principlesfor impact entitlementdetailed in the project'sEntitlement Policy Frameworkmatrix. The nature of such entitlementsand support mechanisms shall be approved by the Bangladesh Governmentand InternationalDevelopment Association (IDA) prior to any compensation being agreedby the GDTPCB.
2.5.9 Loss of indirect,group-based livelihood means (Category 11.)
In addition to the direct losses and assets or livelihoodopportunities, the project Vill have indirect impactson peopleliving or workingin the vicinity of the direct impact area. Many of these impactsare positive. They include:
- increasedpassenger capacity for women in the motorizedtransport * increasedpersonal safety during travel for children,elderly and women * increasednumber of buseson the roads * trainingof non-motorizedtransport operators on traffic rules and regulations * improvednetworks for non-motorizedtransport
Support to these groups representcommunity enhancements. This has been plannedas separate componentsof the project, and is not discussed in detail in the Resettlement Action Plan. The RAP focuseson those impactswhich are negativeand require mitigation. Such impacts are! collective in nature, and group members need not be individually registered. Gains and losses are not quantifiablein terms of impacts on the individual. Mitigationand supportmechanisms will be collectivelyoriented, and the manitoringof these developmentefforts will study the impactsand benefitsfor the groups involved.
The project will focus on supportto vulnerablegroups in this category. The initial surveys and social assessimentstudies have identified two main categories requiring assistance underthe project:
hawkcersand street vendorswithout fixed structuresor stalls * rickshaw-operatorswho lose accessto some routes
Non-stallvendors/thawkers may suffer a temporaryloss in connectionwith their move; time requiredto build up a new customerbase; and additionalexpenses related to paying fees
18 (official or unofficial) to local authorities and the local power-holdersknown as mastans controlling specific sites. Losses may also be of a non-monetarynature, such as the disruptionof local networks.
Rickshaw operators and other non-motorizedtransport (push carts, etc.) rnay tempDrarily find a decline or loss of customers due closing of certain roads to their operation, or to increaseidavailability and passengercapacity of motorizedtransport in the main arteries of the roads. This may lead to temporarylosses.
In order to overcomethe negativeimpacts of the project, the project will provide benefits targeted at these groups, to offset any indirect losses caused by the project. This will include:
* provisionof servicedmid-block roadside areas for displacednon-stall hawkers and non-motorizedoperators * provisionof safety measuresfor affectedpedestrians, particularly the elderly, women and children * restorationand improvementof displacedcommon property resources etc.
Details on restoration in-kind of lost livelihoodmeans as determinedby the project are provideclin the EntitlementPolicy Framework.Any disputes over the status of entitled collectiviegroups will be resolvedthrough the grievanceredress procedures.
2.6 Entitlementpolicy framework matrix
The project's EntitlementPolicy Frameworkfor Resettlementand Rehiabilitationof Project Affected Personsfor all of the categoriesand sub-categoriesof impact is provided in the matrix on the followingpages of this document.In summary,it containsthe followingcategories and sub- categoriesfor A. loss of land and other assets, B. lost or diminishedlivelihood, and C. indirect group-orientedimpacts:-
A. AREAS OF IMPACT: LOSS OF LANDAND OTHERASSETS
Category 1. Loss of Landand TreesThereon
1.1 used as non-residentialland (commercialetc.) (N-V) 1.2 used as residentialland (N-V) 1.3 that is idle/vacant/openland (N-V)
Category2. Loss of Non-Residentialand AssociatedStructures
2.1 on privateland' - Non-shiftable(V/N-V) - Shiftable(VIN-V) 2.2 on public land' - Non-shiftable(V/N-V) - Shiftable(V/N-V)
Category3. Loss of Residentialand AssociatedStructures
Including permanent and semi-permanent roadside stalls. 19 3.1 on privateland 2 - Non-shiftable(V/N-V) - Shiftable(V/N-V) 3.2 on public land2 - Non-shiftable (V/N-V) - Shiftable (V/N-V)
Category4. Loss of Other Non-StructureAssets
4.1 on private land - Non-shiftable (V/N-V) - Shiftable (VJN-V) 4.2 on public land - Non-shiftable (V/N-V) - Shiftable (V/N-V)
Category5. Loss of UsufructRights through Mortgage or Lease
5.1 with a legal agreement(V/N-V) 5.2 with a verbal agreement(V/N-V)
B. AREA OF IMPACT: LOST OR DIMINISHEDLIVELIHOOD
Category6. Loss of Incomefrom DisplacedBusiness Activity
6.1 of businessowner-operator (N-V) 6.2 of businessoperator only (franchisee)(N-V) 6.3 of businessowner only (franchisor)(N-V)
Category7. TemporaryL-oss of Other BusinessActivity Income(business wage earners)
7.1 of wage earner (excludesCategory 6.) (V)
Category8. Temporaryl oss of Incomefrom DisplacedBusiness Activity (permanent/semi- permanentstalls)
8.1 of businessowner-operator (V) 8.2 of wage earner (V)
Category9. Loss of Incomefrom RentedPrivate Land and PrivatePremises 9.1 of owner of rented non-residentialpremises (N-V) 9.2 of owner of rented residentialpremises (N-V) 9.3 of owner of rented land (N-V)
Category10. Loss of Lost or DiminishedLivelihood from Any Other Impact Not Yet Identified 10.1 of impactee(households and adult individuals,men and women) (V/NI-V)
2. Including squatters.
V = Vulnerable; N-V Non - Vulnerable 20 C. VICINITYOF IMPACT:INDIRECT GROUP-ORIENTED IMPACTS
Category11. Loss of Some LivelihoodMeans due to Collectiveimpact(s) 11..1of collectivegroup (includingnon-stall hawkers, rickshaw pullers, beggars,etc. (V/N-V)
21 DHAKA URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECT DraftEntitlement Policy Frameworkfor Resettlementand Rehabilitationof ProjectAffected Persons (Version: 28106198)
A. AREAOF IMPACT:LOSS OF LANDAND OTHER ASSETS. Support given to adult individuals,families and households.
Category 1: Loss of land and trees thereon Sub-Category EntitlementUnit Entitlement Details
1.1 Lossof non- Owner(s)as a) CULwhich includes a) Landowner(s) (and residential determinedby 50%land premium, or others) will be (commercialetc.) Deputy valueof equivalent informed of the landand any trees Commissioner(DC) replacementnon- details of their thereon,being duringthe process residentialland entitlement(s), activelyused for of CUL determinedby the including the it's non-residential(compensation GreaterDhaka . . purpose(and not underthe law) TransportPlanning and provision for stamp idle/vacantVopen paymentand/or as CoordinationBoard duty refund on land, sub- determinedby (GDTPCB),whichever equivalent category1.3): courtin casesof isthe greater. replacement land, non-vulnerable legaldisputes. by GDTPCB after persons. issuance of Notice 3. b) Stampduties on b) Current market equivalentreplacement prices of equivalent landif purchasedwithin replacement land 12months or during will be determined the implementation by GDTPCB on a period,whichever is byuzGDPC bas.ond ______the longer.moz-wiebs. 1.2 Lossof residential As abovefor 1.1 a) As for 1.1a) above,but c) Current market landand anytrees for replacement prices of equivalent thereon,being residentialland. replacement land activelyused for determined by it's residential GDTPCBwill be the purpose(and not basis for idle/vacant/open land,sub-category 1.3):non- replacement land vulnerable value by GDTPCB; persons. they will be updated annually during the lifetime of the project to reflect real . ______m arket value.
22 1.2 Cont'd b) as for 1.1b) above d) Owners will be ass sted by GDTPCB on any issues that might preventtheir timely receipt of CUL after issuance of Notice 3. 1.3 Lossof As abovefor 1.1 a) as for 1.1a) above, e) Defacto legal idle/vacantVopen butfor owners will be landand any trees idle/vacant/open assisted by thereon:non- replacementland. GDI'PCB to vulnerable establish persons. appropriate legal evidence of ownership after Notice 3 is served. b) as for 1.1b) above. f) Where applicable, where the equivalent replacement land value determined by GDTPCB exceeds the CUL, the difference will be paid by GDTPCB. g) Where applicable, the refund of starmp duties for equivalent replacement land will be paid by GDTPCB; to qualify for a refund of stamp duties the replacement land must be purchased within 12 months of issuance of Notice 3 ar during the implementation period, whichever is longer.
23 Category 2: Loss of non-residential and associated structures Sub-Category EntitlementUnit Entitlement Details
2.1 Loss of non- Owner(s)of a) For non-shiftable a) Applicable to all residentialor strjcture as structure,CUL which structures standing associated determinedby DC includes50% on the required structureon duringthe CUL premium,or the lands at the time of privateland: paymentprocess, replacementvalue as issuance of Notice vulnerableand or socially determinedby 3 non-vulnerable recognized GDTPCB,whichever persons. owner(s)as is the greater. recognizedby GDTPCB. b) For shiftable b) Owner(s) (and structure,Structure others) will be TransferGrant (STG) informed of the which is one-eighth details of their of the replacement cost if the structureis entitlement by shifted,or the GDTPCB after replacementvalue issuance of Notice determinedby 3. GDTPCBif the shiftablestructure is unableto be shifted by owner. c) Ownerwill be c) GDTPCB will verify permittedto retain floor areas and the salvageable materials based on buildingmaterials of DUTP II socio- non-shiftable economic survey .structure. (SES) data, and GDTPCB will assess the replacement value of structures. d) Structure d) SCG of Tk. 3.500 ConstructionGrant payable by (SCG) for vulnerable GDTPCB will be PAPsonly, at the paid when owner is time of actual ready to start constructionof construction of new replacement structure. structure. 2.2 Loss of non- As above for 2.1 a) as for 2.1 a) above. e) as for 1 b) Details. residentialor associated structure on public land : vulnerable and non- vulnerable persons.
24 2.2 Cont'd b) as for 2.1 b) above. f) Where applicable, wheare the entitlement is greater than the amount assessed by the DC;, the difference will be paid by GPTPCB c) as for 2.1 c) above. g) GOTPCB will make an additional payment for non- shiftablestructures which will cover the shortfall in the replacement: cost of the materials and erection as determined by GDTPCB,over the payment made by the DC. d) as for 2.1 d) above. h) Compensation must be paid before the owner dismantles and nmoves salvageable tiuildingmaterials. i) (3DTPCB will establish the cut- off date in lieu of i:he issuance of INotice 3 for all structures not recognized by the DC as compensationable a______under the law.
25 CATEGORY3: Loss OFRESIDENTIAL AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES Sub-Category EntiitlementUnit Entitlement Details
3.1 Loss of residential Owner(s)of a) For non-shiftable a) as for 2 a) Details. or associated structureas structure,CUL which structureon determinedby DC includes50% privateland: duringthe CUL premium,or the vulnerableand paymentprocess, replacementvalue as non-vulnerable or socially determinedby persons. recognized GDTPCB,whichever owner(s)as is the greater. recognizedby GDTPCB. b) For shiftable b) as for 2 b) Details. structures,House Transfer Grant(HTG) which is one-eighth of the replacement cost if the structureis shifted, or replacementvalue determinedby GDTPCBif the shiftablestructure is unableto be shifted by owner. c) Ownerwill be c) as for 2 c) Details. permittedto retain the salvageable buildingmaterials of non-shiftable structure. d) HouseConstruction d) HCG of Tk. 3,500 Grant (HCG)for payable by vulnerablePAPs GDTPCB will be only, at the time of paid when owner actual constructionof is ready to start a replacementhouse. construction of new house. e) Squatterswill be e) as for 2 e) Details. provided0.5 decimal khas land, if no khas land availablea cash compensation equivalentto the value of 0.5 decimal khas land to be determinedby GDTPCB.
26 3.2 Loss of residential as abovefor 3.1 a) as for 3.1 a) above. f) as for 2 f) Deltails. or associated structureon public land: vulnerable and non- vulnerable persons. b) as for 3.1 b) above. g) as for 2 g) Details. c) as for 3.1 c) above. h) as for 2 h) Details. d) as for 3.1 d) above. i) as ibr 2 i) Det:ails. e) as for 3.1 e) abave.
27 Category4: Loss of other non-structureassets Sub-Category EntitlementUnit Entitlement Details
4.1 Loss of other non- Ownier(s)of asset a) For non-shiftable a) as for 2 a) Details. structureasset on as determinedby asset,estimated private land: DC duringthe CUL currentCUL value, or vulnerableand paymentprocess, the replacement non-vulnerable or socially value of the asset, as persons. recognized determinedby owner(s)as GDTPCB,whichever recognizedby is the greater. GDTPCB. b) For shiftableasset, b) as for 2 b) Details. one-eighthof the estimatedcurrent replacementcost if the asset is shifted, or replacementvalue determinedby GDTPCBif the shiftableasset is unableto be shifted by owner. 4.2 Loss of other non- As abovefor 4.1 a) as for 4.1 a) above c) GDTPCB will structureasset on verify the public land: existence of the vulnerableand assets and will non-vulnerable assess the persons. replacement value of the assets. b) as for 4.1 b) above d) -as for I d) Details. e) as for 2 f) Details. f) as for 2 i) Details, but for other non-
. ______.______structureassests.
28 Category 5: Loss of usufruct rights through mortgage or lease Sub-Category Entitlement Unit Entitlement Details
5.1 Loss of usufruct All legal partiesto a) For loss of private a) GDTPC13will identify, right through the contractual land, compensation by checking with mortgageor arrangement, as per Category1 each lecial owner and leasewith a whetherlegal above to be shared others, any persons legal agreement owner,mortgagee betweenthe entitled who currently havpe : vulnerableand or leaseholder. partiesaccording to an curent in non-vulnerable the usufructcontract. an interest in persons. requiredlland, structures or other assets due to mortgacgeor lease rights. b) For loss of non- b) Any disputes over government usufruct status or structuresand other rights of current non-government interests in the non-landassets, required land compensationas per structuiresor other Categories2,3 and 4 asstrutrs orl oter above to be shared assets will be betweenthe entitled resolved through partiesaccording to grievance redressal the usufructcontract. procedures. Once resolved, GDTPCB will ensure payment of all outstanding liabilities on the mortgaged or leased land, structures or assets to the appropriate persons. c) Where CUL is c) Where applicable, smallerthan the vulnerable affected replacementvalue of mortgagees and the mortgagedor leasehlolders will be leasedland, structure offered the option of or other asset as payment in kind by determinedby the GDTPCB, and GDTPCB,the legalpesadtocet owner will get the persuaded to accept differenceas an this compensation additionalpayment option at focus group from GDTPCB(i) meetings arranged only if all liabilities by GDTPCB. are alreadypaid up; (ii) if not, the legal ownerwill get the residualonly after all liabilitiesare paid up.
29 5.1 Cont'd d) Transitionallowance for temporaryloss of incomewill be paid by GDTPCB to the mortgageeor leaseholderof the mortgagedor leased property(land, structureor other asset) as determined by GDTPCB, at 25% of the previousone year's business incomederived from legal business activitiesof the mortgageeor leaseholderdirectly associatedwith the occupancyof the affectedmortgaged or leasedproperty. 5.2 Loss of usufruct All socially a) as for,5.1a) above, rightthrough recognizedparties but accordingto their mortgageor lease to the verbal rightsin the verbal with a verbal agreementas agreementas agreement: recognizedby determinedand vulnerableand GDTPCB,whether recognizedby non-vulnerable owiner,mortgagee GDTPCB. persons. or leaseholder. b) as for 5.1 b) above, but accordingto their rights in the verbal agreementas determinedand recognizedby GDTPCB. c) as for 5.1 c) above .______d) as for 5.1 d) above
30 B. AREA OF IMPACT:LOST OR DIMINISHEDLIVELIHOOD. Support given tc adult individuals,men and women.
Category6: Loss of incomefrom displacedbusiness activity = Sub-Category EntitlementUnit Entitlement Details
6.1 Lossof income Businessowner- a) Compensationfor a) Applicableto all from displaced operator(s)as lossof affected affected businessactivity of determinedby businessincome to businesses businessowner- GDTPCBat the the business operatingon tlhe operator:non- timeof issuance owner-operatoras requiredlands at vulnerable of Notice3 on the determinedby the -timeof persons. premisesin which GDTPCBbased on issuanceof theyoperate. the business owner-operator's Notice 3 on the currentaverage prernisesin annualincome pro- which they ratedfor sixtydays. operate. b) One-timemoving b) GD-rPCBwill assistanceas verily the legality determinedby of all business GDTPCB owner-operators equivalentto /operatorslowner compensationfor s based on regulardaily wage DU71PI SES ratex 120days. data, and will infoirmnthem of the details of their entitleme.nt after issuanceof Notice 3 on their premises. 6.2 Lossof income As for 6.1above, a) as for 6.1a) above, c) Businessowrier- from displaced butfor legal butfor business operators/ businessactivity of business operator operators/owner businessoperator operator(s). (franchisee)/income s will be assisted only(franchisee): by GDTPCBon non-vulnerable any issuesthat persons. might preveni: the.irtimely receiptof conmpensation after issuanceaof Nol:ice3 on their premises. b) as for 6.1 b) above. d) Any disputes ove,rthe status of the enl:itled business owner- ______operator/operato______
31 r/owner will be resolved through grievance redressal procedures.
6.3 Lossof income As for 6.1above, a) as for 6.1 a) above, e) Monetary fromdisplaced butfor legal butfor business compensationwill businessactivity of business owner be in the form of a businessowner owner(s). (franchisor)/income. cash grant paid only (franchisor): by GDTPCB. non-vulnerable persons._
32 Category7: TemFporaryloss of other businessactivity income (business wage earners) Sub-Category EntitlementUnit Entitlement Details
7.1 Temporary Wage earnernot covered a) Cash grantto cover a) Applicable to all affected loss of other by Category6. as . temporaryloss of businesse,soperating on business determinedby GDTPCB affectedregular the required lands Eatthe activity at the time of issuanceof wage incomeas time of issuance of income of Notice3 on the premises determinedby Notice 3 cn the prernises wage earner in which they are GDTPCBequivalent in which they are : vulnerable employed,and who is to regulardaily wage employed, persons. currentlyemployed and rate x 120 days. empoyed has been employedfor at least six monthsin the twelve monthperiod by the businessactivity's employerimmediately precedingthe issuance of Notice3. b) Assistancefrom b) GDTPCB will deter-nine GDTPCBin re- and verify the lenglh of establishingand employment of all vwage improvingprevious earners baised on DUTP livelihood. 11 SES data, and will inform and assist them with the details of their entitlement after issuance of Notice 23 on their premises. c) Assistanceas c) as for 6 e) Details. requiredthrough counsellingprovided by GDTPCB,with follow-upthroughout the project implementation period. d) GDTPCB vill undentake a risk anaiysis of benesfits and costs involved in different support mechanisms, for vulnerable wage earners, and offer different options and choices to affected persons. _
33 Category8 :Temporaryloss of incomefrom displaced business activity (permanent/semi-permanent stalls) Sub-Category EntitlementUnit Entitlement Details
8.1 Temporaryloss of Owner-operatorof a) Compensationfor a) Applicable to all incomefrom static or semi-static temporaryloss of affected static and displacedbusiness operatedpermanent affectedbusiness semi-static operated activityof business stall, or static incomeas determined permanent stalls owner-operator: operatedsemi- by GDTPCBbased on and static operated vulnerablepersons. permanentstall as currentaverage annual semi-permanent determinedby incomepro-rated for stalls on the GIDTPCBat the time thirty days. reqire ln ath of the designated required lands at the entitlementcut-off time of the date.' designated entitlement cut-off date. b) One-timemoving b) GDTPCB will assistanceas determine and verify determinedby the identify of the GDPTCBequivalent to entitled owner- compensationfor oeaosadwg regulardaily wage rate operators and wage x 60 days.x 60 days.~earners DUTP 11basedSES data, on and will inform and assist them with the details of their entitlement after the designated entitlement cut-off date. c) as for Category7.1 b) c) as for 6 e) Details. entitlement. d) as for Category7.1 c) d) as for 7 d) Details. ______entitlement. 8.2 Temporaryloss of Wcge eamer of a) Cashgrant to cover incomefrom static or semi-static temporaryloss of displacedbusiness operatedpermanent affected regular-wage activity of wage stall, or static incomeas determined earner: vulnerable operatedsemi- by GDTPCBequivalent groups. permanentstall as to regulardaily wage determinedby rate x 30 days. GDTPCBand not coveredby sub- category8.1, at the time of the designated entitlement cut-off date. b) as for Category 7.1 b) entitlement. c) as for Category 7.1 c)
34 entitlement. l_ _
Category9: Lossof incomefrom rented privateland and privatepremises _ Sub-Category EntitlementUnit Entitlement Deltails
9.1 Loss of incomeof Ownerof the rented a) Cash grant equivalent a) Applicable to all owner of rented non-residential to four monthscurrent legally rentecl privatenon*- premisesas rent as determinedby priv'ate non- residential determinedby GDTPCBfor rented residential/reside premises: non- GDTPCBat the time privatenon-residential ntidl premises vulnerablepersons. of issuanceof premisesbased on a r Notice3. the averagemonthly and rented pirivate rentalincurred over land on the the four-monthperiod required lands at immediatelypreceding the time of the date of issuanceof issuance of Notice3. Notice 3. 9.2 Loss of incomeof As for 9.1 above,but a) as for 9.1 a) above, b) GDTPCB will owner of rented for residential but for residential delermine and privateresidential premises. premises. verify the identify premises: non- all the entitleid vulnerablepersons. owners and the rental amount based on DLITP II SES data, and will inform and assist them with details of their entitlement grant after issuanceof
______Notice 3. 9.3 Loss of income of As for 9.1 above,but a) as for 9.1 a) above, c) Any disputes over owner of rented for privateland. but for privateland. the status of the private land : non- entitled owner will vulnerablepersons. be resolved through grievance redressal .______procedures.
35 Category10: Lost or diminished livelihoodfrom any other impactsnot yet identified. Sub-Category EntitlementUnit Entitlement Details
10.1 Lost or Ownersand socially a) Other impacts,not yet a) Details to be diminished recognizedowners identifiedby surveys, determined by livelihoodof other as recognizedby shall be mitigatedbased GDTPCB for impactee: GDTPCBat the time on the same principles acceptance by vulnerableand of the designated for impact entitlements the GOB and non-vulner-able entitlementcut-off describedin the DUTP IDA. personsand date. EntitlementPolicy groups. Frameworkmatrix. The natureof entitlements and support mechanismsshall be approvedby the GOB and IDA. b) Impacts to be dealt with by GDTPCB on a case by case basis upon acceptance by the GOB and ______ID A.
36 C. VICINITY OF IMPACT: INDIRECTGROUP-ORIENTED IMPACTS. Support given to collective groups.
Category11: Lossof some livelihoodmeans due to collectiveimpact(s). Sub-Category EntitlementUnit Entitlement Details 11.1 Lossof some Localsocially a) Restorationin-kind of lost a) SDTPCBwill livelihoodmeans recognizedgroup as livelihoodmeans as determineand of collective recognizedby determinedby GDTPCB, verify the groupdue to GDTPCBat thetime e.g. identifyof the collective of the designated -affectedentitled impact(s) entitlementcut-off - provisionof serviced feroues(enil vulnerableand date. mid-blockroadside 3 (e.g non-vulnerable areasfor displacednon- non-stall groups. stallhawkers and hawkers, rickshaws, rickshaw - provisionof clean and pullers, beggars safepublic space and etc.) and the access/egressfor extentof their affectedbusiness, local loss of livelihood transportand public use, meansbased - provisionof safety on DUTP II SES measuresfor affected data, and will pedestrians, particularly data, andi the elderly,women, and informand children, assistthem with - provisionof improved detailsof their accessand in-kind opportunitiesfor entitlementat affecteddisabled the time of the people, designated - provisionfor women's entitlement cut- needsnot currently off date. providedfor, - restorationand improvementof displacedcommunity assets/facilities,and - restorationand improvementof displacedcommon propertyresources. b) Any clisputes over the status of the entitled collective groups will be resolved through grievanca redressal ______procedures.
37 3. AREAS OF IMPACT
Displacementof projectaffected persons (PAPs) under the DUTPwill be limitedto the areas required for the new ROWs and other project sites for the various DUTP components.In this RAP these areas are referred to as the Areas of Impact. Within these areas, there cannot be any structuresor other hindrancesother than the transport infrastructure beingimplemented. The physicalcomponents of the projecthave been designed to limitthe need for displacementand resettlementas much as possible, by restricting those improvementsto existingROWs and on landsowned by the Government,Dhaka City Corporation (DCC), RAJUK and other governmentagencies, or by minimizing acquisition of private lands abuKtingthe existing ROWs. As such, DUTP has carefully avoided situations which would otherwiseresult in severe loss of use or accessto propertiesand activitiesabutting certainAreas of Impact.
Within some ROWswhere wideningcannot be avoided,options exist for expansiononto public or private lands on either sidieof the ROW. In all such cases, private land acquisition has been avoided where possible in preferenceto public lands. This principle has been applied to the DUTP projectsites, such as the GabtoliInter-District Bus Terminalwhere a southerlyand westerly expansion of the existing site is proposed onto land currently under the ownership of DCC. Nevertheless, some private land acquisition is unavoidablewith some of the other DUTP componentsites.
The projectwill ensurethat all displacedPAPs within the project'sAreas of Impactare appropriatelycompensated in accordancewith the project'sentitlement policy. The project will not be viable if compensationis paid to individualsclaiming adverseindirect impact in areas adjacentto the proposednew ROWs.Due to this fact and the densityand magnitudeof structures and activitiesabutting many projectsites, the project'sAreas of Impact will not be extendedto cover those personsimmediately outside an Area of Impactand might claim to be indirectlybut adverselyaffected by the project. Therewill be manypositive social indirect impacts on individualsin tlhe areas adjacentto the project'simpact areas, as explainedin section 2.5.9 and the last paragraphof section5.1.
Vulnerablegroups, such as hawkers and roadside vendors, beggars, etc. mostly operate on a temporary basis within an impact area or an existing ROW. Such groups will be provided, whereverneeded, compensation-in-kindin the form of an alternativelocation outside the project's impact areas to carry on their activities.Based on its previousexperience in this regard,DCC will be responsiblefor the identificationof such alternativelocations. Relocation of these groups away from an Area of Impact is crucial to the success of the DUTP, as their current activities are severelyhindering the flovvof traffic at the majorityof the projectsites.
4. PHASED APPROACH
The DUTP project components have been divided into two packages of works. As stated previously,the first package of works involves virtually no private land acquisition,except for transfer of some public laindsto DCC and a relativelysmall amount of demolitionand/or removal of structureson public lands.
Identificationof the PAPs associatedwith the first and second packagesof works was undertaken in conjunctionwith socioeconomicsurveys carriedout on DUTP II. The estimateof the PAPs and 38 - -- the extent of theilrlosses were adjusted,where necessary,to accommodatethe changes in the Areas of Impact whilst detailed engineeringdesigns were being finalised under DUTP II. Further changes and modificationsto the designs may as well occur during construction, requiiring additionalupdating of the informationon PAPs collectedat the time of the DUTP socioeconomic surveys.Therefore, during the projectimplementation phase, additional studies may have to be undertakento update the RAP to accommodatechanges in detailed design before or duringconstruction.
5. SOCIAL ASSESSMENT,CENSUS AND SURVEY
5.1 Socialassessment
A social assessrnentwas undertakenfor the projectin order to support participationand ,make explicit the social factors affecting the developmentimpacts and results. This social assessment identified stakeholdersand key social issues, and enabled the forrmulationol the participationand consultationprocess described in the followingchapter 8.
In undertaking it's social assessment,the project engaged separate consultantsto review the work previouslyundertaken, and to undertakeadditional studies related to:
a) the role of women in urbantransport, b) the role of rickshawsand rickshawpulilers, and other providersand users of non- motorisedtransport (NMT), and c) the role of sidewalkvendors and squatterson public land.
There was a continuousdialogue between these consultantsand the DUTP II consultantplanners and design engineers whilst the DUTP conceptual layout plans were being finalised, pr'ior to commencementof detailedengineering design.
The objective of this approach was to minimize associated negative social impacts at the conceptualdesign phase of the project.This occurredsuccessfully, particularly iri relation to the layout designs of the flyovers, intersectionimprovements, cycle rickshawroutes, road widening, new link roads and site rehabilitationof existingbus terminals.
The relevance.of previous studies on analogous Bangladeshprojects to the DUTP, and their PAPs is limited.Most of the existingwork relatesto rural projectswhich bear little relationshipto transport sector improvementsin an urban context. Some recent studies have been undertaken which address some aspects of social impact of the type expected under DTUP. They atrethe three projectsmost closely relatedto this currentproject, namely:
a) GreaterDhaka MetropolitanArea IntegratedTransport Study, 1994 b) Dhaka MetropolitanDevelopment Plan (1995-2015) c) Dhaka UrbanTransport Project-Phase 1, 1996197.
The working papers and final reportsof these three projectsprovide some insightinto the potential socio-economicproblems likely to be confrontedby DUTP. They refer to other referenceswhich,. in most cases, are outdatedand do not warrantfurther exhaustivereview.
Consultationswith RAJUK and DCC staff, and ProfessorSajjadur Rasheed of the Universityof
39 Dhaka confirmed many of the observationsand concerns described in the reports and working papers of the three above-mentionedDhaka urban planning projects. In summary, the key findings of relevanceto DUTP are:
a) there is little experiencein Dhakaof urbansquatter resettlementbeing undertakenin a systematicmanner - which is the intentionof the DUTP,
b) squattersin Dhaka have invariablymigrated to the city from distant rural areas, not necessarilynearby rural areas, nor other urban areas,
c) adult males in the squatterfamilies tend to work as rickshawpullers, manual labourers or hawkers,
d) adult femalesin the squatterfamilies tend to work as cleaners,maids, brick crushers or constructionindustry labourers,
e) there is a high incidenceof beggarsoriginating from the squatter areas,including children,physically disabled persons and the elderly,
f) squatterslocate within a reasonablewalking distance of where they work to avoid payingfor publictransport to and from their place of work,
g) their everydaylife is affectedby the influenceof "mastans"(muscle men), both in the workplaceand their placeof residence,
h) due to the natureof their business,hawkers at intersectionsand roadsides tend to be transient/mobile,
i) "mastans"control many hawker locationsand demandprotection money which, given the choice,they would be preparedand preferto pay to DCC for a hawker'spermit,
j) there are reportsof police also being offeredmoney by hawkersand rickshawpullers wantingto operateat city intersections,
k) there is little experiencein Dhakaof the successfulrelocation of hawkersfrom intersectionand roadsidelocations to controlledhawker markets - which is plannedby DU-FP,
I) protectionmoney purportedly paid by hawkersto "mastans"and police is less than money requiredfor permitsand leasesin hawkermarkets,
m) squattersand hawkerssurround hawker markets, thus interceptingpotential customers before they enter the hawkermarkets,
n) hawkeractivities are heavilymarket demand driven,
o) less than one third of the rickshawpullers operating in Dhaka havethe required permit/licenceto operatetheir rickshaws,
p) women perceivethe existingcity-centre footpaths to be crowdedand dirty, and frequentlyfind themselvesthe subjectof verbal and physicalharassment when moving 40 aroundthe city, and
q) women believethey are discriminatedagainst when using public transportand would appreciatea separatebus servicefor women and/or a much improvedpublic transport system sympatheticto their needs.
A social assessmentfield screening of all the DUTP component sites was unclertakenat the commencementof DUTP II. The resultsof this social assessmentscreening together with location maps for all of the DUTP componentsites surveyed are containedin Appendix2.
Besidesthe positive and negativesocial impacts specific to individualproject sites (described in Appendix2), there are severalsignificant positive social impactsapplicable to all componentsites that will result from the implementationof the DUTP. All users of the traffic;system whether they be MV or NMV owners,operators, drivers or passengersand all pedestrianswill benefitfrom the improvementswithin the Area of Impact of each component.This will occur because of the reduced traffic congestion inherent in each componentimprovement. This will be a direc;tand positive social benefitto those peoplewhose day-to-dayactivities and livelihoodssuffer because of time lost due to traffic congestionwhen using the current traffic system. In addition, business and community serviceproviders who operate in the immediatevicinity of the various proposed improvements,particularly the intersections,will likewise benefitand experiencea positive social impact becauseof the improvedaccessibility of their establishmentsto their staff and employees, and to the generalpublic who constitutetheir clienteleand customerbase.
5.2 Censusand baselinesocio-economic survey
A full census and socioeconomicsurvey was undertaken(please refer to the summary in Appendix3) to registerand documentthe status of the PAPs within ltheprcaject's Areas of Impact. This provides a demographicoverview of the likely PAPs, their assets and their main sourcesof livelihood.
In undertakingthis process,all ROW boundarieshave been assumed,based on field surve,ysand plotting of buildingfrontages to roadways,fencelines, boundary/property walls and propertygates. The extent of impactthus assessedwas utilizedto modifythe engineeringdesigns with a view to minimizingthe project's resettlementimpacts. Following finalization of the designs,fresh surveys were conducted at several work locationswhere most of the private lands would have to be acquired.
The baselinesocioeconomic survey indicates that only ten residentialstructures will be alffected by the project. Three of these are permanentor semi-permanent,and seven are made of salvageablematerials or "kutcha"structures.
Table 5.2.1 providesthe summaryinformation on the numberof affecteesat prcject sites and the type of hawker stall type, average area and value of the stalls, monthly gross sales, etc. Of all stalls, 72.7% are of mobiletype (Detailsin Appendix3).
Table 5.2.2 providesthe summaryinformation (Details in Annex 3) on the permanentbusinesses in several categories,with monthlygross businessincome and the average monthlysalary paid to the employees. This data was generated before the designs for the first and second work packages were finalized and represent maximumof the impacts. On the othearhand, the data presentedin Table 5.2.3 was collectedthrough a fresh survey after the two work packageswere revisedto keep the resettlementimpacts to a minimum.The four locationsof work surveyedso far 41 entail majority of private property acquisition and displacement of more established types of businesses(Details in Appendix 5). Such detailed surveys would also be done for other work locations.
The hawkers owning permanent and semi-permanentstalls within the ROW will have to be removed either for land acquisitionor for easing pedestrian movement.They will thus qualify as PAPs to receive resettlementcompensation. Other vendors may be ignored for compensation because of being transient and occupying no part of footpath or carriagewaypermanently or in semi-permanentmanner.
42 Table 5.2.1: Summary Information on Hawkers
Hawker Stalls 1 Total # of [ Average | Average Average 1 Average | Total Affected I # of Vulnerable House- | Stalls Operating Cost of Monthly Size of Hawker Popuation holds Area (sft) Structure (Tk.) Sales (Tk.) Household Permanent 28 56 25,688 52,042 6.67 187 0 Semi-Permanent .126 32 6,990 48,769 6.00 756 3 Others(Mobile) 410 13 _ 28,372 5.69 2,333 5
Table 5.2.2: Summary Information on Businesses (Non-Residential Establishments)
Average Average Total Monthly Number of Persons Engaged Monthly Salary Business Type Number Income (Tk.) Management Service Total (Tk.) Retail 305 60,675 289 746 1,035 1,576 PrivateOffice 6 4 - 4 _ PersonalServices 241 226,084 119 1,061 1,180 2,016 HealthCare 5 __4 11 15 2,914 Workshop 1 1 - 1 Warehouse 3 8,750 1 4 5 2,000 Others 18 20,970 14 42 56 1,715
Total 579 _432 1,864 2,296 Table 5.2.3: Summary Information on Businesses at Four Locations of Major Impacts
#of | Average Average # Average | Average Average Average# # of 1 Average Business Monthly of Monthly Monthly Family of Income Vulnerable Employee Locations Rent Employees Income Salary Paid Members Farmers Owners Income (Owner)
Rajarbagh 4 2,950 2.50 30,000 8,833 7 1 0 2,650 Mouchak 20 2,290 5.80 23,875 8,055 8.15 1.45 8 1,389 Mohakhali 7 4,000 7.86 306,000 16,500 7.81 1 1 2,100 Jatrabari 8 NA 3.87 NA 6,937 7.00 1 0 1,790 Similarly,the non-residentialestablishments (businesses) at project sites within ROVVwill require to be compensatedfor being losers of livelihood yielding to project interests for either land acquisitionor for easing pedestriantraffic.
Residentialstructures within ROW are also to be compensatedwhich include two pucca small- sized living quarters,one semi-puccastructure and seven "Jhupri"type hutmentsof slum dwellers on public land. Sinicesuch types of hutmentsof slum dwellers are, again, transient, an attract:ive compensationpackage of incentivemay suffice,including relocation, if feasible.
There was an attempt to assess the incidenceof economicvulnerability among the hawkersas well as more establishedbusiness owners. For Dhaka city, householdswith per capita monithly income lower than Taka 3,500 are consideredvulnerable. As Table 2.5.1 shows there are cnly three vulnerable householdsamong the hawkersowning semi-permanentstalls and five among those who are mobile.Among those owningmore establishedbusinesses, eight such households have been found at Mouchak intersectionand one at Mohakhali(Table 2.5.2). It icsto be noted that per capita income, and as such vulnerability,determined in these studies is nct based on a household's global income, but only that of the individualhawker or business owner who was interviewed. These findings will therefore be verified through the Joint Verification exercise (discussed in chapter9) duringthe courseof RAP.implementation.
Table 5.2.4 shows the entitlementunits (such as, legal and socially-recognizedowners of the affected lands and businesses,salaried employees,and the like). Even though the number of entitlement units are based on the latest data, they may however change during the course of verificationof legal ownershipby DC and joint verificationof the iossesthat are not coveredby the law.
Tzable5.2.4: EntitlementUnits, Total and AverageCompensation By EntitlementCategories
Entitlement Entitlement Total Compensation Average Category Unit (Taka) Compensation (Taka)
Land 10* 29,607,000 2,960,700 Stamp Duty 10** 19,716,000 1,971,600 Non-residential Est (Business) 579 3,196,053 5,510 Residential Structure 10 3,568,141 356,814 Non-structure Usufruct Rights - 326,116,087 - Loss of Business Income 579 74,017,416 127,834 Loss of Wage income 1,864 3,900,596 2,093 Loss of Hawker Income: Permanent Stalls 28 4,096,203 146,293 Semi-permanent Stalls 126 10,995,709 87,257
Rental Income 13 31,694,372 243,803
* Number of landowners may change during DC's investigation of legal ownership records. Amount allocated for stamp duties is for replacing the entire amount of the land to be accuired, and will be reimbursed if the replacement lands are purchased by the landowners.
44 The socio-economic survey results (summarised in Appendix 3) provide the baseline informationagainst which the project'ssocial impactswill be measuredand evaluated, as further explained in chapter 11. The full census and socio-economicsurvey results have been publishedin a separatereport by the DUTP.
5.3 Cut-offdate
A cut-off date is necessaryto prevent speculativeincursions into a ROW or other attempts at speculative gains. To determinewho may be entitled to non-CUL entitlements under the project, the cut-of dates are the dates of the DUTP II census and socioeconomicsurvey of each PAP as undertakenby the projectduring the period Januaryto June 1998. All affected structures were photographedwhen surveyed.Therefore, the people moving into the project's Areas of Impactafter these cut-offdates will not be entitledto support.
However,this will not apply to normalchanges in propertytenure, such as a new owner or tenant taking over ownershipor occupancybetween the cut-off date and the date of displacement.In such cases, the new owner or tenant will be given the support, and not the previous owner or tenant. Such cases will be evaluatedand judgedon a case-by-casebasis.
CUL entitlementsinvolving private land acquisitionwill follow the Bangladesh practice of the issuanceof Notice 3 under the Acquisitionand Requisitionof ImmovableProperty Ordinance of 1982. The cut-off date for CUL entitlementsfor nonlandassets will be the date of issuance of Notice 3. 6. CO-ORDINATIONBETWEEN CIVIL WORKSAND RESETTLEMENT
6.1 Screeningand planning
Efforts have been made to reduce the potentialnegative impacts of the project, both in terms of environmentaland social issues. The project has co-ordinatedthe design process with the findings from screeningand studies related to socio-economicimpacts and the environment,in order to minimize negative impacts and maximize benefits. Through this process, the need for acquisitionof land and relocationof peoplehas been kept to a minimum.
When undertakingdetailed design, environmentaland social constraintsand opportunitieshave been taken into accountalong with economicand technicalconsiderations in selectinga preferred design option.This coordinationhas been undertakenfor examplethrough:
* road alignmentshave been adjustedto avoiddemolition of structuresand consequent resettlementand /or relocationof PAPsand their businessactivities * the inter-districtbus terminalrehabilitation plans have been adjustedto accommodateexisting on-sitenon-bus relatedactivities which would otherwiseneed to be relocated.
For details about this screeningprocess and a description of potential impacts in each of the proposedprojects sites, please refer to Appendix2, "DUTP SocialAssessment Field Screening".
This practice will continue throughout project implementationif and when design modifications occur.
45 6.2 Implementation
Duringproject implementation, the ResettlementAction Plan will be co-ordinatedwith the timingof civil works (please refer to Appendix4). The project will provided adequaltenotification, counsellingand assistanceto PAPsso that they are able to moveor give up their propertyand assetswithout undue hardship before civil worksstart. It is estimatedthat a site involvingland acquisitionand resettlementwill requireclose to one year'spreparatory work beforecivil works can take place. The detailedsteps are outlinedin the timelineprovided in this section,with the mainsteps being:
legalprocedures for landacquisition, including notification under law * updatingof censusdata and projectplans based on finaldesigns * consultationswith affected population * issuanceof ID cardsand agreement on entitlementoptions • relocationand paymentof compensation * initiationof othersupport mechanisms
46 IndicativeSchiedule of ResettlementTasks (activity required at one tvpical site) I ]I I II IWeek I _ Tasks & Responsibility I1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8| 9 1011 | 12 13 14 15 16 17 52 Phase I - RAP Institutions Establishment 1. IDA Boardapproval of DUPTloan 2. DCCestablish resettlement organizationalstructure and RAP implementationmechanisms
3. DCC preparesacquisition proposail by Mouza
4. DCC submitsproposal, defining impact area
5. DC approvalof LA proposal
6. PIU & NGOupdate census in impact area Phase-2RAP Consultations and EvictionNotices 7. Consultationswith PAPsabout the project
8. DC gives Section3 or DCCgives eviction notice& NGOpresents entitlement options
9. NGOtakes photosfor ID cards
10. DcgivesSection 6 noticeand valuation of propertiesbegins, NGO group consultations& communityinvolvement Phase3- Issuanceof RAPID Cards 11. DC Section6 notice,NGO follow-up consultationand finalizechoice of option
12. DC Section7 notice
13 NGOissues ID cardsstarting with those not coveredby law, listingoptions agreed to on entitlements& supportmechanisms
14. PIU updatesinformation on project impacts& adjustRAP spreadsheetsand budgets Phase 4- RAP Displacement 15. PIU/NGOimplement resettlement:, includingspecial assistance to vulnerable 16. NGCdocuments that relocation, resettlement,compensation & supportare adequate
Phase5 CivilWorks 17. PIU commenceworks only after RAP implementationeffectively cleared project site Phase6- NGO/PIMonitoring & Evaluationof DisplacedPAPs
47 It is a requirementof the World Bank's OperationalDirective 4.30 on InvoluntaryResettlement that satisfactoryrelocation must be completedbefore awardinga contractfor civil works. The projectwill ensure that DUTP civil works contractsare not awarded before compensation and assistanceto the PAPs have been providedin accordancewith the entitlementpiolicy framework.Civil works award of contractcannot be made until RAP requirementsare fully met.
The normal proceduresfor land acquisitionwill be followedin this project. I-or compulsory acquisition of private land, the BangladeshAcquisition and Requisitionof Immovable Property Ordinance of 1982 will apply. This ordinancecontains rules for the time required from when people are first notified about the Government'sintent to acquire land, to the time people are requiredto vacatetheir holdings.
Resettlementwork and updatingof environmentaland social studies will be a continuous processthroughout the project.The DCC ProjectImplementation Unit will undertakethis while the DUTP Project Co-ordinationUnit will co-ordinatewith other agencies and prcject authorities. Implementationand phasing of land acquisitionand the resettlementwork will be co-ordinated with the civil works as detailed in Appendix4 and outlined in the table on the following page. detailedin Appendix4 and outlinedin the table on the followingpage.
7. COSTSAND BUDGETS
Appendix 5 of this ResettlementAction Plan containsa consolidatedoverview of estimated land acquisition and resettlementcompensation costs. This consists of an item-wise, component- specific budgetestimate for land acquisitionand resettlementcompensation, the timing of which relates directlyto the activityschedule item timing describedin the previoussection 6.2 and Appendix4.
It should be emphasizedthat there is considerableuncertainty related to this budget. Physicalverification of land and other assets,especially by DC, has not yet taken place. It is therefore necessaryto maintain flexibility in the planningand budgeting process; to ensure consistentupdates as new informationbecomes available; and to make provision for reallocationsas required. Any such reallocationsor changesmust be agreedjointly by GOB and the World Bank.
Additional implementationcosts for staff training, NGOs, monitoring and evaluationconsultants, additionalsocioeconomic surveys and studies, institutionaladministrative costs aindcontingencies are recordedin the summarytable on the followingpage.
The compensationamounts shown in Appendix 5 are based on the latest information on the project's impactsthat will occur accordingto the modificationsincorporated in the final design, and reflect the Septembervalues. These costs will be adjustedannually based or) annual inflation factors. The budget cost estimates in the following page incorporates a provision for cost escalation over the project implementationperiod. This total cost of lancl acquisition and resettlementhas been includedin the overall cost of the project.
The Governrnentof Bangladeshwill pay for all costs relatedto the land and property acquisition, to enablethe transferof land and propertyto DCCor RHDfor the implemientationof the DUTP.As well as the resettlementimplementation costs describedabove, other entitlementsand support mechanisms detailed in the entitlement policy framework will be 75% cost shared with funds 48 provided through the expected IDA loan for the DUTP. These include items such as loss of income compensation,counselling, vocational training for PAPs,etc.
It should be noted that delays or inadequaciesin implementingthe land acquisition and resettlementprogram may lead to costly delays in overall project implementation,since the commencementof civil works for each projectsite depends on the satisfactorycompletion of land acquisitionand resettlemenitassociated with each projectsite.
49 LandAcquisition and ResettlementSummary Budget
Exchangerate: 47.00 Taka USD ITEM GOB IDA TOTAL,U'SD %
A.ACQUISITION OF ULND AND ASSETS I Landacquisition subtotal 315,216,000 6,706,723 6,706,72367.90% (Landvalues have been calculated at an averageof Tk.30, 000 per square meter) Structures;compensation and moving assistance 2 Non-residential(private) 3,196,141 $68,003 $68,003 0.69% 3 Residential(squatters) 3,571,641 $75,992 $75,992 0.77% 4 Othernon-strjcture assets 2,308,706 $49,121 $49,121 0.50%
B. LOSSOF LIVELIHOODAND OTHER INCOME 5 Lossof userrights 4,432,725 $23,578 $70,735 $94,313 0.95% 6 Businessincomes (net calculated as 30% 32,744,792 $174,175 $522,523 $696,698 7.05% of gross) 7 Wageincomes 3,900,596 $20,747 $62244 $82,991 0.84% 8 Stallincomes (owners and helpers) 5,326,920 $28,335 $85,004 $113,339 1.15% 9 Rentalincome 28,441,232 $151,284 $453,849 $605,133 6.12% 10 Otherlivelihood losses notyetidentified 3,992,130 $21,235 $63,704 $84,939 0.86%
C. IMPACTSON GROUJPS AND COMMUNITIES 11 Grouporiented benefits 7,123,913 $37,893 $113,680 $151,573 1.53%
D. ADMINISTRATIVECOSTS, EVALUATION AND MONITORING, ETC. Stafftraining 5,000,000 $26,596 $79,787 $106,383 1.08% AdditionalSES surveys and studies 4,000,000 $21,276 $63,830 $85,'106 0.86% Staffingand institutional costs 45,000,000 $239,362 $718,085 $957,447 9.69%
TOTAL 464,254,796 $7,644,320 $2,233,441 $9,877,761100.00%
8%Contingency incl Costescalation 37,140,384 611,546 178,675 790,221 8.00%
GRANDTOTAL 501,395,180 $8,255,866 $2,412,116 $10,667,982
Percentage,GOB I IDA 77.50% 22.50%
Costsharing: GOB pays for acquisitionof landand private assets.IDA pays 75% of othercosts.
50 8. PARTICIPATIONAND CONSULTATIONPROCESS
8.1 Stakeholderparticipation
Experienceindicates that involuntaryresettlement and displacementgenerally give rise to severe problemsfor the affectedpopulation. These problemsmay be reducedif, as part of a resettlement program, people are properly informed and consulted about the project, their situation and preferences,and allowedto make meaningfulchoices. They serves to reduce the insecurity and oppositionto the projectwhich are otherwiselikely to occur.
The DUTP will therefore ensure that the affected populationand other_stakeholdersare informed, consulted in a meaningful way, and allowed to participate actively in the developmentprocess. Thiis will be donethroughout the project.
The key Governmentstakeholders are the implementingagencies of DCC, RHD, BRTA, RAJUK, DMP and DOE. They have been actively involved with the DTUP II study consultants at stakeholderworkshops and individualagency consultations in formulatingthe ResettlementAction Plan, particularly,through a series of nine DUTPStakeholder Design Review Meetings chaired by the GOB DUTP Project PreparationUnit Project Director,and held over the period February 1998 to June 1998,as follows:
a) Preliminarydesign of flyovers 14 February'98 b) Urban bus route network, and inter-district bus 19/20April' 98 terminals conceptlayouts (x2) c) NMT underpasses, other route structures for 20 April' 98 NMTs, pedestrian footpaths, and pedestrian overpasses d) The conceptsand designprinciples of the DUTP II 29 April' 98 flyovers e) Intersectiondesign principles 5 May' 98 f) City centre bus terminalsconcept design, and the 19 May' 98 principlesof en-routebus stop design g) Detailedintersection design (x2) 27 May / June' 98
A majorstakeholders Reset'tlement Action Planworkshop is proposedbefore the projectbecomes effective,involving the DTUP PublicConsultative Committee chaired by the DCC Mayor. This committee will be attached to the DUTP co-ordination and management organization, the proposed Greater Dhaka Transport Planning and Co-ordinationBoard (GDTPCB), when created.
The project proposes to appoint one or more capable and transparent non-government organizations(NGOs) to work for the GDTPCBas a link betweenthe project and the affected population; to develop rmicro-levelplans and handle adjustments for resettlement and rehabilitationin consultationwith affected people; to assist PAPs in understandingand getting their entitlementsand benefits;and to help the key Govemmentimplementing agencies (DCC and RHD) make arrangementsfor the smooth removal of PAPs and their structuresand businesses from the project sites. Particular care will be taken in consulting and assisting the more vulnerablepersons and groupsaffected by the project.
51 The NGO(s) will assist the GDTPCB in providing detailed informationto the general public,and PAPs regarding the consultationand informationprocess. Informationabout the project will be releasedat different stages, repeatedand providedthrough different media.The consultatiornand information process proposed for the project will use different techniques including in-depth interviews,focus group discussions,workshops, seminars and meetings,as well as key informant interviewsat differentlevels of stakeholderinvolvement.
8.2 Optionsand Choicesfor ProjectAffected People
The project will provide options and choices for different entitlements available to different categoriesof PAPs.As a part of the projectconsultation and participationprocess, people will be informed and consulted about the project and its expected impacts, their entitlements and options.
Affected people will be counselledso that they are able to make informed choices among the options, which are described,in the sections 2.5 and 2.6 of the ResettlementActicn Plan. Where options are provided,the project will undertake a risk and benefit analysis of each option and support mechanism,and explain the benefits and potential risks to the affected population.This will be done particularlyin the case of vulnerableindividuals and groups, who will be encouragedto choosethe lowestrisk options.
By allowingpeople to choose amongdifferent options, the projectwill seek to makE!people active participants in the developmentprocess, thereby achieving greater acceptance olf the resettlementaind rehabilitationefforts.
8.3 InformationCampaigns
Informationcampaigns will be undertakenthrough Zone-level Resettlemeint and Rehabilitation Sub-Committees,which will be establishedby the DCC Project ImplementaltionUnit and RHD Project ImplementationUnit within each of DCC's zones where the project will be active. Information campaigns are aimed to ensure fair, equitable and transparent process of resettlement.The major responsibilityof the campaignrests with the Zone-levelresettlement and rehabilitationfield supervisor and several resettlementand rehabilitatio'nfield workers who will directly work with the PAPs and their communityrepresentatives. They will also liaise with cne or more capable non-governmentalagencies (NGOs) who will be contracted by the project for providing support to: (i) develop micro-levelplans; (ii) handle adjustmentsfor resettlementand rehabilitationin consultationwith affected people; (iii) assist PAPs in understandingand getting their entitlementsand benefits; and (iv) help the key Governmentimplementing agencies (DCC and RHD)to make arrangementsfor a smoothresettlement process.
9. GRIEVANCE REDRESSPROCESS
9.1 ValuationProcess for AcquiredAssets
According to the agreement,all private properties,such as lands; houses and other structures, trees, etc. buililgrown on both private and public lands; and any user rights (tenancy in business premises,employees of business establishments,etc.) on the acquired properties; etc., will be assessed at their replacement costs/currentmarket prices. This will Ibe dorne by the Joint
52 VerificationTeam (JVT) by using standardsthat are consistentwith the current market prices. The JVT will not assess the value of the lands and other propertieswhich are khas or presently owned by any public entities.
DC will also assess the value of all assets accordingto the 1982 Land Acquisition Law and an amendmentmade to it. This is the 'compensationunder the law' or CUL to be paid to the legal owners, as identifiedby DC accordingto the recordsavailable at his/her office. The DC does not recognizeany privateowners who might have assetsbuiltgrown on public lands.
CompensationPayment:
* Legal owners: DC paysthe CUL to the legalowners. If the CUL is lower than the replacement value, DCC pays the balanceto the affectedowner directly.
* Others: DCC pays all other affectedpersons whose ownershipis not coveredby the law.
9.2 AnnualAdjustment of Compensation
If the compensationis not paid in the same year of assessment,the value of compensationwill be adjustedupward in accordanceto the inflationrate estimatedby the BangladeshBank.
9.3 GrievanceProcedure and InformationDissemination
The informationbrochure will explain the proposedgrievance redress process, the composition and function of the GRCs; the nature of grievances they would hear; the procedure to file a complaint, the hearing process, etc. During the joint verification,the JVT will distribute the brochure to the PAPs and explain how the procedure would work. During consultation and throughoutthe acquisitionprocess, the NGO will also distributethe brochure,if needed, and keep explainingwhat kind of grievanceswould be handledby the GRC, how to file grievances,and how they would be processed. The proposed procedureis as follows: a PAP will fill out (if needed,the NGO will assist)two copies of the specifiedapplication stating the grievance and hand one copy to the GRC and keepthe other copy signed by the personwho receives it on its behalf. The GRC will hold a hearingwithin 15 days of receipt of a grievanceand the concernedPAP will be informedof the meeting in advance. The GRC will convey the PAP its findings/decisions/recommendations in writing and keep records of all individual grievancesreceived and the decisionsgiven, for review by the consultativecommittee and IDA.
It is expected that, through a participatory process and good compensation and support mechanisms,acceptance of the projectwill be enhancedand complaintsreduced. Nevertheless, there may be individualsor groupswho feel that they are not given adequatesupport, or that their needs are not properlyaddressed.
There is some potential for confusionover the details of land and property ownership records which may cause PAPs to feel aggrieved over land and property entitlements and CUL (compensationunder the law). Althoughadditional entitlements are specifiedin this Resettlement Action Plan in an attempt to overcome previous problems associated with land and property acquisitionin Bangladeshfor displacementand resettlementpurposes, there may still be disputes over these additionalent:itlements. The project will thereforeestablish a Grievance Redress process with local zonal sub-committees which will hear complaints and facilitate solutions.When PAPs are first consultedand informedabout their entitlements,they must also 53 be informedof their right to mediationand appeal.
The grievance committees must be seen to be impartial, to represent fairly the agencies,and involved with the implementation,as well as the GDTPCB and its NG(Os,aind be readily accessible to the PAPs. The grievance redress process will attempt to settle disputes through mediation and negotiation, to reduce unnecessary litigation, and in particular to make final decisions on any disputes concerningadditional grants and assistance provided directly by the GDTPCBon behalf of the project.
Members will Ibe appointed by the Project Implementation Unit Prcject Director to be representativeof the following:
. NGO implementingpartner • Projectauthorties * ProjectAffected People • and one irnpartialnominee chosen with the consensusof the other mernbers.
Except for issue!sinvolving compensation under law (which may be appealedto the courts if not resolved by the zonal sub-committee)for all other issues, when cases are not resolved by the zonal sub-committee,they may be appealedto the Project Resettlemenitand Rehabilitation Committee whose decisions will be legally binding on all parties for issues within their competence and jurisdiction. The Project committee will be appointed by the Project ImplementationUnit ProjectDirectors to be representativeof the following:
* Ward Commissioners * Projectauthorities * Civil Sociely/NGOs * ProjectAffected People * and one impartialnominee chosen with the consensusof the other members.
9.4 Stepsfor public consultation
The suggestedsteps for informationdissemination and public consultationmay be summarizedas follows:
FirstStage
Briefingthe Zonelevel officersand PAPson the areaschosen for land acquisition; • Postingof noticesalong the alignmentof the roads,foot paths and wallswithin the vicinityof the selectedareas; * Distributionof leafletsto PAPsincluding pedestrians, hawkers and vendors;
Second Stage
I At the time of submissionof the caseto DC, an inforrnationcampaign will be mountedwith the assistanceof the Zone-levelResettlement and RehabilitationSub-Committees. This will includedistribution of a leaflet,which will informpeople within the vicinityof thespecific location on the followinginformation:
intentionto acquireland for improvementand upgradingof footpaths/bus-terminalsetc; the intendedassets and lossesthat will be compensated(and those that will not be compensated)and the personsentitled to compensation; procedures,that will be appliedfor land acquisition;and 54 rights of the PAPs ancdof the various steps that they should take to protect their rights.
Third stage
* Pior to Joint On-Site Inventory and Verification, information regarding when and where land acquisition will take place, who should attend the process and the list of documents that they should carry with them will be disseminated to the PAPs and rest of the community members.
Fourth Stage
* During the actual process of Joint On-Site Inventory and Verification, PAPs wi again be advised on the procedures and on the available support from Zone-level Resettlement and Rehabilitation Sub-Committees.
Fifth Stage
* Following the issue of Notice No: 7, PAPs will be further advised on when and where the compensation will be made and the necessary documents they should carry with them in order to obtain payment.
Sixth Stage
* At the time of payments PAPs will be inforned of the time they have to vacate the land and their rights to salvage their assets.
10.. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
10.1 Overall co-ordination
(Please refer to the DUTP Organizational Structure Chart for Resettlement and Rehabilitation on the following page)
Overall co-ordination and funding approval of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) will be the responsibility of the Project Co-ordination Unit (PCU) which reports directly to the GDTPCB within the Ministry of Communications. To facilitate this function, the GDTPCB Project Co-ordination Unit will appoint a Land Acquisition/Resettlement Expert who will report directly to the PCU Project Director.
A Project Resettlement and Rehabilitation Committee will be established by the DCC Project Implementation Unit. This committee, DCC-Project Resettlement and Rehabilitation Committee will be serviced by their PlUs.
A resettlement division will be established within the PIU headed by a Resettlement and Rehabilitation Officer who will report to the PIU Project Director through the Additional Project Director (Planning, Programming, Monitoring and Supervision).
The Project Resettlemeint and Rehabilitation Committee will provide advice and guidance on the implementation of the RAP. Implementation of the RAP requires co-ordination among different agencies and presents a challenge to the Project Resettlement and Rehabilitation Committee, and may pose a risk of delays in implementing the resettlement and relocation program. The DUTP will therefore undertake training and present orientation seminars for all PIU resettlement division staff and Project Resettlement and Rehabilitation Committee members, whio will include representatives of all the involved stakeholders. Such capacity 55 building will be! co-ordinated with the overall project implementationscheduile, to ensure that full-time staff with appropriate social science skills are available to implement the RAP without causing delays to civil works. Alternatively,local consultantsmay have to be engaged by the ProjectImplementation Units whilst their resettlementdivision staff are being trained.
Membership of the Project Resettlement and Rehabilitation Committee will be determined by the PIU Project Director in consultationwith the PCU Project Director, and be approvedby the GDTPCB.They will includeonly representativesof legitimatestakeholders directly involved in the projectcomponents being implementedby DCCor RHD.
56 EISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS
GREATER DHAKA TRANSPORT PLANNING AND COORDINATION BOARD (overallproject coordination and management)
NGO GDTPCBPROECT UNIT(PCU) PUBLIC (PAPs participating, GDTPCBPROJECTCORDINATIONU U CONSULTATION monitoring,evaluation) COMMITTEE
Project Director
Land Acquisition/Resettlement Expert (Division Head)
Land Acquisition I Resettlement Division Support Staff
PROJECT RESETTLEMENT & PROJECT DIRECT-ORS REHABILITATION COORDINATORS: COMMITTEE of DCC RHD BRTA RAJtIK (advice and guidance oinRAP DMP DOE
DCC PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT (PIU)
Project Director
Resettlement & Rehabilitation Officer | L (Division Head)
Resettlement and Rehabilitation Division Support Staff
ZONAL RESETTLEMENT & REHABILITATION SUB-COMMITTEES (DCC-PIU)
DCC-PIU RESETTLEMENT FIELD UNIT Field Supervisor(Unit Head)
Resettlement Field Unit Field Workers
57 10.2 Zone-levelsub-committees
Zone-level Resettlementand RehabilitationSub-Committees will be establishe!dby the DCC Project ImplementationUnit within each of DCC's zones where the projeactwill be activie. At present, DCC has divided it's area into ten administrative zones. The zone-level sub- committeeswill undertakethe ResefflementAction Plan work requiredto be done on the ground in their respective zones, co-ordinatingwith and reportingto the Project Resettlement and RehabilitationCommittee at the centrallevel. Initially,the sub-committeeswill be servicedby the P IU resettlementdivision of DCC until Zonal Field Units are establishedin the zones requiring their own full-time,dedicated staff.
As with the Project Resettlementand RehabilitationCommittee, the membershipof the zonal sub-committeewill be determinedby the DCC ProjectImplementation IJnit ProjectDirector in consultationwiith the PCU ProjectDirector, and be approvedby the GDTP,CB.
10.3 Resettlementand rehabilitationstaff
The resettlement and rehabilitation staff assigned to the PCU will incluiJe the land Acquisition/ResettlementExpert and supportstaff. The resettlementstaff assignedto the PIU will 'include their Resettlementand RehabilitationOfficers and supportstaff. In all cases.,the qualificationsof these officers and their support staff should includesocial science and social developmentskills, ideally previousresettlement experience, land accluisitionexperience, and monitoring and reporting capacity related to both quantitative arid qualitative indicatorsof progressand achievements.
Staff in the two resettlementand rehabilitationdivisions of the ProjectCo-ordination Unit and DCC Project ImplementationUnit shouldinclude the followingfunctions:
a) SocialScientist (full-time division head, overallliaison, managemenit, liaison, co- ordinationand monitoringresponsibility) b) AssistantResettlementVEstates Officer (full-time) c) MIS staff to co-ordinatesurvey information,maintain databases on compensation payments,monitor progress, prepare progress reports d) Legal Advisor(part time) e) Liaison personfor field staff supervisors(full-time)
The PIU of DCC is responsiblefor implementingthe project componentsand Will also appoint field staff to be attached to the zonal sub-committees.Each zone will by assigned a zone resettlementaind rehabilitationfield supervisor(preferably with extensive NG(Oexperience) and several resettlementand rehabilitationfield workers who will work directly with the PAPs and their comrnunityrepresentatives. These field workers will liaise directly with the project's contractedNGOs described in the followingsection.
The number of staff needed to undertake this work will depend on the total number of affected people to deal wfithand the number of sites requiring relocation at any one time. After estimating the number of affecied people, project authorities will decide what the volume of civil works will be at any one time and estimate INhat staff will be needed to meet this schedule, adjusting the civil work schedule to their capacity to recruit and train qualified staff. It may be
58 necessary, for example, to addl a separate PIU ResettlementDivision for the two flyovers as the volume of resettlementthere will be considerableand delayswould be costly. Staffpositions Numberof full time staff to be posted PCU * ProjectDirector I * ResettlementDivision Head 1 * Assist. R'esettlementOfficer 1 PlUs (DCC/RHD) * ProjectDirector I * ResettlementDivision Head I * Assist R'esettlementOfficers 1-2 * MIS (programmer) I * Data EntryPersons 1-2 * Legal advisor(part-time) 1 * Field Liaison NGOField Units * Field Supervisors I per activezone * Field workers at least 2 per 100PAPs
All resettlement related staff -from the Project Directors to the field unit support staff- require orientation and an overview training seminar on the basic principles of the RAP and its policy implications. This is to ensure that basic questions and issues are clearly and consistently understood at every level of the organisation, to improve co-ordination of activities and encourage sharing of experiences and lessons learned. To achieve this the project will organise three types of training:
- Orientation and overview of the Resettlement Action Plan - A two-day workshop to explain and discuss the basic principles of resettlement, discuss the workplan and clarify reporting relationships and partnerships between agencies involved in land acquisition;
* Job specific training ais required - several skills are especially important in sensitive and controversial fields suclh as land acquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation (negotiation, mediation, dispute resolution, time and financial management, monitoring and accountability for results, land acquisition law, asset valuation procedures). For staff in the front lines, dealing with affected people directly, it is especially vital that they have all the skills needed to enable them to meet and overcome inevitable obstacles. Field workers must know the limits of their role yet be capable of taking creative initiatives when needed. The exact content of these courses will depend on the experience of those recruited. But it is expected that at least two to three short courses will be needed each year, first to train and then to improve the skills of the field unit supervisors and their staff.
. Survey of lessons learned in resettlement. The Project Directors and Division Heads with their PIU and PCU staff will need to survey existing resettlement projects in Bangladesh and attend training on the experience of nearby Indian resettlement projects. Courses are offered late in the year at the Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI) in Hyderabad and 5 slots will be reserved. Those attending outside courses will conduct follow-up seminars on their return to improve the skills of Fieldl Unit staff.
10.4 Collaboration with local NGOs
Since much of the work related to resettlement involves social development and community participation, the project will work with agencies experienced in this type of work such as NGOs. As explained previously in chapter 8, one or more NGOs or community-based organizations with experience in public participation and consultation work will be contracted by 59 the GDTPCBto act as a link betweenthe project and the local communities;to clevelopmicro- level plans and handle adjustments for resettlement and consultation with the PAPs in understandingand getting their entitlements and benefits; and to help the key Governrnent implementingagencies make arrangementsfor the smooth removal of PAPs and tJheirstructures and businessesfrom the projectsites.
NGOs selected should demonstrate strong professional, logistical, financial, managerial and organisationalcapacity, and proven experiencein developmentactivities - in particular,in-house expertise in urban community development, action research and computer information management.
10.5 Co-ordinationwith other Governmentagencies
Various Governrnentagencies, including the office of the DeputyCommissioner (Acquiring Body) for assessingand disbursingCUL for private land and propertyacquisition, will have an important role to play in the smooth functioningof the displacementand resettlementprogram. Where a Governmentagency (DESA,WASA, etc.) has a direct involvementwith a projectsite, it will be representedon the relevantzonal resettlementand rehabilitationsub-committee.
The RAP is based partly on compensationand benefitswhich are sometimesprovided by other development programs and implementing agencies. Efforts will be made to provide compensationand benefits in a co-ordinatedfashion, and to build upon the servicesand programsalready in place.Where appropriate,cost-sharing arrangements will be attemptedby the DUTP where overlapexists with other agency programs.
10.6 Transparencyand accountability
Throughthe GDTPCBinformation campaign and other consultativemechanisms, the projectwill ensure that there is a fair, equitableand transparentprocess regardingthe resettlement and relocation program and people's entitlements. Payments of compensation ancl the delivery of other support mechanismswill be done in public settings to avoid any accusationsof impropriety.
10.7 Improvementin policyand practice
Consultancyservices have been used in preparingthis RAP and may neecdto be retained try the project in its early stages of implementation(while local PCU and PIU staff are being traineci).An importantobjective of the DUTP is to developa local capacityto plan and implementresettlement programs in urban areas of Bangladesh.The project, therefore, will document:how capacity buildingat different levelsis achieved,and how the DUTP contributesto improvedsector- level or urban-widepolices and practicesrelated to resettlementin Bangladesh.
10.8 Flow of Funds
Responsibilityfor the adequateflow of funds and supervision of accountabilityfor their expenditurerests with the PCU ProjectDirector who reportsto the GDTPCBoard.
11. MONIT7ORINGAND EVALUATION
60 This ResettlementAction FPlancontains indicatorsand benchmarksfor achievement of the resettlementand relocationprogram (Appendix4). These indicators and benchmarksare of three kinds:
i) processindicators, indicating project inputs, expenditures, staff deployment,etc;
ii) output indicators,indicating results in terms of numbersof affectedpeople compensatedand resettledand/or vacating the projectsites, training held, credit disbursed,etc; and
iii) impactindicators, relatedto the longer-termeffects of the projecton the people's lives.
The benchmarksand indicatorsare limited in number,and combine quantitativeand qualitative types of data.
The first two types of indicators,related to process and immediateoutputs and results, will be monitoredinternally by thie GDTPCBand its Land Acquisition/ResettlementExpert attached to the DUTP Project Co-ordinationUnit using data supplied by the DCC and RHD Project Implementation Unit Resettlementand RehabilitationOfficers. This information will serve to inform project managementabout progressand results, and enable adjustmentsto the work programif delaysor problemsarise. The resultsof this monitoringwill be summarisedin reports submittedregularly to the GDTPCBand the World Bank.
The Project Co-ordinationUnit Land Acquisition/ResettlementExpert will work closely with the NGO(s) involvedwith the participationand consultationprocess, and the grievancecommittees in monitoringthe progressof the project.This will be particularlycritical prior to the commencement of civil works in the field as the land and propertyacquisition and removalprocess needs to be completedbefore a contractorcommences construction.
Process and output indicators will be reported monthly and will include planned , actual and variancefor the following:
tExpendituresfor each entitlement(amount of moneyand other benefitsawarded and amount receivedby PAPsfor each benefitin categories1 to 11); Numberof PAP individuals(numbers of ID cards issued,number receiving benefits, people displaced,and peopleresettled adequately); . Amount of land acquisiltionby stage in the process(proposals submitted to DC, approvedby DC, numberof Section3, 6 and 7 notices). The followingmatrix outlines the major inputs and outputs,as well as the indicatorsthat would be used for monitoringprogress, in the RAP implementationprocess.
Input Output Indicator
Organizational41______. PIU established * Staff posted . PD issued office order * LA, proposal prepared . TORs for the staff issued . LA. proposal submitted to DC * Amount of khas and other public . Information updated lands determined * Budget revised . DC approved LA proposal
61 * Compensation payment to PAPs other * # of PAPs known by impact than legal owners started categories * Payment of additional compensation to * % of PAPs received compensation legal owners started and other entitlement * Utilities authorities contacted * % of PAPs received additional compensation and other entitlement * Utilities restored * Consultative * Members chosen * Minutes of meetings, witL issues Committee formed discussed a NGO contracted * NGO staff mobilized * Contract document and TOR * Information dissemination and * PAPs know the NGO staf' Consultation * PAPs learned about project * Data computerized * % of PAPs consulted and made * Individual entitlements estimated aware of policies,and options * ID cards issued * % of PAPs (other than legal * Additional payment estimated owners) received. ID cards * % of legal owners received ID cards * JVT formed * Members chosen * Physical verification of af:.ected assets completed * Impact on utilities determined * Replacement value of the assets determined * GRCs formed * Grievances received, reviewed and * Number of grievances received decision given * Number of hearings held * % of grievances reviewed * % of grievances on which decisions given
LandAcquisition Process Notice 3 issued * PAPs learned about acquisition * % of PAPs understood consequences of acquisition * % of PAPs objected to accuisition I* CUL procpssing * Valuation of assets started * # of legal owners identified by DC started * % of the assets assessed * Notice 6 issued * PAPs learned about required legal * % of PAPs with required documents documents . % of PAPs have disputed ownership . Compensation estimate * Funds placed with DC * Bank order from DCC finalized by DC * Notice 7 issued and * PAPs learned about amount of % of PAPs received C(UL CUL payment started compensation % of PAPs without required documents % of court cases
Eviction Notice and Land Handover * Eviction notice served * PAPs learned when to vacate the * All eligible compensation and by DCC lands/properties entitlements paid up * Land handover to the * Contractors mobilized * PAPs vacated the acquired contractors * Civil works started lands/properties
I Income Restoration * Compensation/entitlem * % of PAPs received * % of PAPs yet to receive ents received for lost compensation/entitlement compensation du.e to legal and assets or income * Reestablishment of livelihood/ income other disputes attempted * % of PAPs able to restart 62 * Relocated homes businesses in new premises/ locations * % of PAPs able to find employment * % of PAPs switched occupation * Difference between pre- and post displacement income * % of PAPs relocated their homes
11.1 ProceduralSteps
The major proceduralsteps to be monitoredmonthly and reportedto the Project Coordination Unit include:
Organizational Arrangements for RAP Implementation: * An organizational structure within DCC is established, to oversee RAP implementation process by PIU * An Advisory Committee, with representation from the stakeholder groups, civil society, media, etc., is formed by PIU * Grievance Redress Commtittees(GRCs) are formed by ward/location of civil works by PIU * A reputed NGO is recruited to assist with RAP implementation by PIU
After the engineering designs arefinalized and the exact amount and location of lands are known
Preparation of proposal, by Mouza (if applicable) and Location: by Consultants (Physical verification and market price assessment of the affected properties and their owners/users, by the Joint Verification Team (JVT) may begin - under the assumption that acquisition/project will go ahead Verification records for each affected person are signed by both JVT and the person concerned Disputes are also recorded; GRCs may start junctioning NGO compiles and process the data. Information dissemination and consultation may also start now -- if a cut-off dates are already established)
Information Update: by PIUINGO (NGO keeps updating census/socioeconomic information already gathered, taking into account JVTfindings)
Budget Revision: by PIU (Budget is revised in view of JVTfindings)
Submission of LA proposal to DC: by PIU (DCC follows thru)
Approval of LA proposal: by DC (DCC follows thru. Physical verification, etc. by JVT may also begin at this stage -- ij'not earlier)
Issuance of Notice under Section 3 of LA Law: by DC (DCC follows thru. NGO consultation regarding policies and options, and required legal documents to claim compensation begins. Property owners are advised/helped to gather all required documents. Ownership and other issues/disputes expectecdto beforthcoming; GRCs becomefully functional.)
Preparation of Individual Entitlements: by PIUINGO (Takes into account taking into account choice of options made by those not covered by the law)
**Issuance of ID Cards: by PIUINGO (To those who are not covered bv the law and have no disputes involving any -rightsthey might have on the acquired properties. The process continues)
63 Valuation of the acquired properties: by DC staiT (DC staffass-esses the value of the properties in accordance with the iaw. DCC and NGO follow thru the process)
Disbursement of Compensation: by PIU/NGO (Compensation payment to all nor covered under the law, can begin)
Issuance of Notice under Section 6 of LA Law: by DC (DCC and NGO follow thru. Legal owners bring in the required documents (or might be asked to bring them during disbursement). GRCs keep functioning)
Issuance of Notice under Section 7 of LA Law: by DC (DCC and NGO follow thru. Legality of individual ownership, as it appears in his/her own records, is determined by DC. Il'these records are not up-to-date, disputes may arise. Updating of legal papers may take a great deal of time. GRCskeep functioning. Court cases involving ownership, compensation rates and other matters can be expected)
**lssuance of ID Cards: by PlUINGO (To those whose legal ownership are established with DC and have no further encumbrances/disputes. The procei s continues)
Disbursement of 'Compensation under Law (CUL)' by DC: (DC starts lhe long process of CUL payment. Legal owners might be asked to bring in all required documents at this stage as well. Disputes may arise anew and lead to long delays)
Finalizing Additional Individual Entitlement for Those Covered by Law: by PIU/NGO (CUL amounts are needed to determine whether or not DCC owes additional payment. In cases wheureDCC owes, additional compensation over CUL is finalized taking into account choices of options made by the PAPs)
Disbursement of A,dditional Compensation (difference between market price and CUL, if applicable) by PI U/PIU (DCC starts payment of additional compensation)
Eviction Notice: by PIU (Given to individual affected persons at completion of all compensationl entitlement, from DC and DCC. DCCJNGO keeps records of issuance date of 'eviction notice, signed by both DCC and evictees)
Land Handover to Contractors: by PIU (Contractors move into the sites the day following expiration of the eviction notice)
The third type of indicator, related to long term effects, will require participatory moniltoring involving the PAPs and beneficiaries of the resettlement and relocation program in assessing results and impacts. For the participatory monitoring, the GDTPBC will contract a separate NGO or other independent agency with analytical capacity, which is not engaged on the DUTP participation and consultation process. This contracted agency will guide i:he participatory monitoring by the PAPs and other project beneficiaries and also undertalke independent evaluations at specified times during the lifetime of the project, as an input to a mid-term review by the World Bank, and for longer term impact evaluations. This will include an evaluation input to the World Bank's project completion report. Such independent evaluations will focus on assessing whether the overall objectives of the project are being met, and will use the defined lproject impact indicators as a basis for evaluation, including but not limitesd to restoration and improvement in individual and personal incomes and productive assets. NeBtchanges in livelihood will be monitored, especially for the most vulnerable, to ensure that project benelits are equitably shared with those who must be moved to create those benefits.
64 APPENDIX1
LEGAL FRAMEWORKFOR LAND AND PROPERTYACQUISITION IN BANGLADESH
Contents
Page
1. Overview 1 2. Earlier legislation 1 3. Acquisitionand Requisitionof ImmovableProperty Ordinanceof 1982 1 4. Property(Emergency) Acquisition Act of 1989 2 5. Administrativeand regulatoryguidelines and instructions 2 .6. Compensationeligibility 3 7. Resettlementpolicy 3
65 I APPENDIXI
LEGALFRAMEWORK FOR LANDAND PROPERTYACQUISITION IN BANGLADESH
1. Overview
This text of AppendixI has beentaken directlyfrom the applicableparts of Chapter 6 of the JamunaMultipurpose Bridge RRAP report. It containsa brief reviewof the legal, administrativeand regulatoryframework governing acquisition and requisition of propertyfor developmentpurposes in Bangladesh,including current legislation and its regulatoryframework.
2. Earlier legislation
The country's first Land AcquisitionAct of 1870 was repealed by the promulgationof a second Land AcquisitionAct of 1894.The then Collector(now DeputyCommissioner) was entitled to take possession of land to be acquiredafter an awardwas made. The amount of compensationwas based on similar average land and propertyvalues. By an amendment provided for in Ordinance Xill of 1963, this related to the average value of land and propertyover a five year periodimmediately preceding the acquisition.
'VVhilethe Land AcquisitionAct of 1894 was in force, the 1948 East Bengal (Emergency) Requisitionof PropertyAct was promulgated,by in effect reproducingan existingordinance of 1947 but with certainamendments to accommodatethe partitioningof the sub-continent. The 1948 East Bengal(Emergency) Requisition of PropertyAct was extendedfrom time to time for triennial periods,the last time being in 1981.
ILandacquisition in the Dhaka MetropolitanArea was previously govemed by the 1953 Town ImprovementAct. Underthe provisionsof this 1953 Act, the Boardof Trusteesof the Dhaka ImprovementTrust (now RAJlUK)was authorized to acquire land with the prior approvalof the Governmentunder provisions laid down in the 1894 Land AcquisitionAct.
3. Acquisitionand Requisitionof ImmovableProperty Ordinance of 1982
The 1894 Land AccquisitionAct and the 1948 East Bengal (Emergency)Requisition of Property Act were replaced by the comprehensive1982 Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable PropertyOrdinance (OrdinanceII of 1982). This 1982 Ordinance governs all cases of acquisition and requisitionof immovable property by the Government for any public purpose or piublic interest. After the promulgation of the 1982 land acquisition ordinance,the 1953 Town ImprovementAct of RAJUKwas repealed.
It is stated in the 1982 Ordinancethat whenever it appears to the Deputy Commissioner that any property in any locality is neededfor a public purposeor in the public interest,he or she shall causea notice of intentionto acquireto be publishedat convenientplaces in or near the property to be acquired.Any person having an interest in such a property may objectto the proposedproperty acquisition by writing to the DeputyCommissioner within 15 days of the notice being published.The Deputy Commissionerprepares a report on the objectionand refers the case to a higher authority for a decision. If the property exceeds ten standard bighas of land, this higher authority is the Govemmentof the day. This was 66 changedto fifty standardbighas (16.5 acres;6.68 ha) by an amendmentto the ordinancein 1994.
4. Property(Emergency) Acquisition Act of 1989
Following the devastatingfloods of 1987 and 1988, the Governmentpas-sed a new land acquisitionlaw entitled PropertyEmergency Acquisition Act (Act IX of 1989,>.This 1989 Act was prormulgatedto expedite the acquisition of land in an emergency for flood control purposes, and to prevent river erosion.The 1989 Act did not replacethe 1982Ordinance as it was intended to complement the 1982 Ordinance only in special emergency circumstances.The two pieces of legislationare very similar in their content.The 1989 Act was meantto remain in force for five years. There are no additional provisionsin the 1989 Act to einsurefairer payment of compensation,although stricter time-limitsmay be applied underthe 1989 Act to enablethe more promptpayment of compensationmonies.
5. Administrativeand regulatoryguidelines and instructions
In 1976 the Governmentconstituted two types of land allocation committees,a District Land AllocationCommittee in each division,and a Central Land AllocationCommittee, with the Central Land Allocation Committeebeing responsiblefor land allocationin the city of Dhaka. In 1989 the Governmentdecided that in deferenceto the provisions of the 1982 Ordinarice, the President for the Government would have to give peimission to any acquisitionof land exceedingten bighas(later amendedto fifty bighas).
Under the provisions of the 1982 Ordinance,the legal aspects of the land acquisition process start with the Requiring Body submitting an application to the Deputy Commissioner,representing the Acquiring Body, with a request to acquire land for a specific purpose.The AcquiringBody processesthe land acquisitionapplication including the determinationof the level of compensationand paymentto the concernedpeople. After final approval by the President,Commissioner or Deputy Commissioner(as the case may be) to proceed with the land acquisition,the 'application is referred back to the 'Deputy Commissionerfor final assessmentof compensation.The requiredfund is placed with the Deputy Commissionerby the RequiringBody. When land acquisitionis completed,tlle land is handedover to the RequiringBody.
Compensation is paid by the Deputy Commissioner'soffice. No speci1icrules exist on where or in which form the compensationis to paid. Smalleramounts appearto be paid in cash, whereas largeramounts are paid by cheque to the beneficiariesas identifiecdby the Chairman or members of the Union Parishad, or by gazetted officers. 'Whenthe rightful owner of a plot of land cannotbe identified,or there is a conflictover ownership,or conflict over the distributionof compensationfunds, the funds are depositedin the PublicAccount.
When a person refuses to accept the award of compensation,that person can apply for arbitraitionin accordancewith the provisionsof the 1982 land accluisitioriordinance or the 1989 emergencyland acquisitionact.
After payment of compensation,the ownership of the land is formally transferred to the Requiring Body by mutation of the Requiring Body's name in the revenue recorcisof the Government,and publishedin the GovernmentGazette.
6. Compensationeligibility 67 Householdshaving a clear title on their land are eligiblefor a full package of compensation covering land, house and other structure(s), crops in the fields and trees within the homesteads.
There are categoriesof peoplewho suffer indirectlybut substantiallyfrom land acquisition and have to resort to squatting on unauthorized land. They are not entitled to any comprensationnor resettlementbenefits. The same is the case with sharecroppersand tenants. Legislationdioes not exist to cover these cases, nor is there a comprehensiveset of provisionsfor their compensation,resettlement and/or rehabilitation.
Further, the principlesof "resettlement"have never been coherentlyestablished by law or regulation. In the aibsence of any legislative guidelines, resettlement is left to the understandingand judgment of incumbent authorities and is largely determined by the existenceof internal.and/or external pressures.
7. Resettlementpolicy
The land acquisitionlaws of 1982 and 1989 ensure a statutory cash compensationto legal owners of propertiesunder acquisition,but do not guaranteereplacement of the acquired properties nor restoration of the standard-of-livingof those indirectly affected by the acquisition.The existing acquisitionlaws have no provisionsfor compensatingpeople who are not property owners but, nevertheless,stand to lose from the acquisition(including tenants and illegaloccupants of land).
A resettlement policy could be adopted by the Govemment. The Govemment could consider adopting a resettlementpolicy that would compensatefor the weaknesses of existing land acquisitionlaws and would, at the same time, enable properresettlement and rehabilitationof all "project affected persons."The primary objective of this resettlement policy could be to enable all "project affected persons" to at least regain their pre- acquisitionstandard-of-living and preferablyto improve upon it. It should be based on the principlethat the all peoplewho sacrificesome or all of their propertyand standard-of-living for .the Government'sdevelopment initiatives should also be the beneficiaries of the Government'sintervention.
68 I APPENDIX 2
DUTP SOCIALASSESSMENT FIELD SCREENING
Contents
Page 1. Intersectionimprovements 1 2. Inter-districtbus terminals 3 3. City bus depot and terminalfacilities 5 4. Roadwidenings 6 5. New links 6 6. Tongi bypassintersection/road improvements 8 7. Priorityroute structuresfor cycle-rickshaws 8 8. Truck depots/parks 11 9. Rail-roadoverpasses and flyovers 13 10. Parking 15 11. Cycle-rickshawunderpasses 17 12. Pedestrianfootbridges and sidewalkimprovements 17 13. Potentialenvironmental impacts 17 14. Environmentalfield screeningoutcomes 17
69
APPENDIX2
DUTPSOCIAL ASSESSMENT FIELD SCREENING
DuringOctober and November1997, 53 of the DUTP projectsites were screenedin the field as to any potential social impacts that might arise from the implementationof the DUTP concept designs.
1. Intersectionimprovements (refer to Figure 1) Improvingthe operationalcapacities of 20 key intersectionsis being proposed with an emphasison separatingslow and fast moving traffic. Various improvementsare proposed for these 20 intersectionsincluding:
- realigning approach roads, - widening approach roads, - installing traffic dividers, traffic signals, road signs, railings, and pedestrian crossings, - resurfacing the road pavemerit, - constructing and improving footpaths, - improving storm water drainage, - providing for additional lanes of traffic, improving and moving street lighting, and - improvingand providing for left turn corner lanes. In all cases there will be a positivesocial impactat all of these intersectionsbrought about by the improved traffic movementsat and through the intersectionsfor all users of the intersections.Operators, owners, drivers, users and passengersof all MVs and NMVs,and pedestrians will benefit from the reduction of delays in entering and exiting the intersections: Commercial,retail and service operatorsand providerswill likewise benefit from improvedpedlestrian flows accessingtheir establishmentslocated at the intersections - for their staff and customers/clients,and thus their overallbusiness turnover. There are some discernable negative social impacts that are common to many of the intersections.They are: a) shops and bazarsoperating directly onto the footpathand in some cases on the edge of the road carriagewaywill be requiredto clear the footpath (and road carriageway), b) hawkersoperating on the footpathsand sometimeson the edge of the road carriagewaywill need to be removedfrom the intersections, c) all forms of public transportoperating illegally at the intersections, particularly intersectioncomers, to load, unloadand wait for passengerswill need to be removedfrom the intersections- this includescycle-rickshaws, auto-rickshaws/baby taxis, temposand buses, and d) variousforns of commercialvehicles operatingillegally at the intersectionsto load, unloadand wait for consignmentswill need to be removedfrom the intersections with a consequentnegative impact on the commercialand retail establishmentsthey service- this includeshand push-carts/vans,cycle carts/vans,motorised carts/vans, mini-trucksand trucks. 70 These are the four most commonillegal activitiesthat will suffer a negativesocial impactas a result of proposalsto improvevehicular and pedestrianmovement at the intersections.
Isolatedcases that will result in a negativesocial impactat some intersectiolisinclude:
a) the closure/removal/relocationof petrol filling stations locatedat some intersection corners, b) the preventionof direct accessfor motorvehicles to and from new car sales estaiblishments,located at some intersections, c) the removalof 900car parkingin front of commercialand retailestablishments at some intersections, d) the removalof buildingmaterials-for-sale illegally located on footpathsaind the eclgeof road carriagewaysto be removedat some intersections, e) kerbsiderent-a-car parking close to some intersectioncorners will need to be moved away from those intersectioncorners, and f) commercialestablishments fronting some road reservesthat utilizethe footpathand/or edge of the road carriagewayto manufacture,process and/or packagetheir products will be requiredto cease such operations.
Clearly, some of the business activitieswill be more serioUslyaffiected by the proposed intersection improvementsthan others. All illegal activities will be totally displaced, whereas spillover activities onto the road reserve (footpath and road carriageway)of legally-operatedestablishments fronting road reservesshould be able to continueoperating but in a restricted manner. The problematicNMV and MV public transport activities operatinigat the intersectionscorners could be accommodated,but local:edfurther away from the intersection comers along carriagewayswhich exit an intersection. The 900 carparking bays fronting businesses,direct vehicularaccess/egress to/from the new car sales establishments,and petrol filling stations located at intersectioncomers will be the most seriously affected by the intersectionimprovements. Their businesseswill suffer as there is no alternativesolution to this situationother than their closureand removalfrom the intersection.
2. Inter-districtbus terminals (refer to Figure2)
The proposals for the three inter-district bus, terminals of Saidabad, Mohakhali and Gabtali involve upgrading the three terminals to integrated city and inter-district bus terminals. At present, only the Saidabadterminal accommodatesboth city and inter-city buses on-site.
All three bus terminalscurrently operate inefficiently with very,heavy congestionof buses along their road frontagesand insufficientutilization of the remainderof the site. In all cases, hawkersoperate along the street frontageboundary further adding to the trafficcongestion as pedestriansmingle with the bus traffic.
Conceptually,the proposalsfor all three sites are identicalwith a corner of each site with main r oad frontage to be upgradedas a city bus terminal connect:edby pedestrianarea(s) to an inter-districtbus terminal along the remainderof the site frontage. Areas to the rear of each site are proposedas upgraded bus parkingareas. Improvementsto all three sites include an improvedpavement for access roads and parking areas, upgraded passenger 71 facilities including terminal buildings, shelters and information signage, upgraded access and egress points,walls, railings,gates, signs, signalsand lighting.
A positive social impact will result from the bus terminal proposalsby vastly improvingthe integration of city and inter-district terminal facilities on the one site. This added conveniencewill benefit all terminal users includingoperators, drivers and passengers,as will the reducedbus turn-aroundtime broughtabout by the vastly improvedbus movements and traffic flows on-site.
Potentialdetrimental social impacts can be easily avoided by providingfor all existing on- site activities in the bus terminal proposals.These activities include minor bus repairs and maintenance, and hawker stalls and mobile vendors. Appropriate, effective on-site managementof the terminals and all their facilities is required to ensure that the optimum positivesocial impactis achieved.
3. City bus depotand terminalfacilities (refer to Figure 2)
The Kalyanpur and Motijheel bus depots are existing large under-utilizedBRTC bus depots proposed for dual usage as BRTC bus depots and suburban bus terminals. Conversion of each site poses no detrimentalsocial impact concerns as both sites are currentlyfree of activitiesnot directlyassociated with the operationof a BRTCbus depot.
The Fulbariaterminal is an existingcity and suburbanbus terminal in one of the busiest areas of Dhaka. The proposalto extend and upgrade its facilities on its existing site and adjacentDCC market site will benefit bus users of the site. However,considerable existing on-site supermarket,stalls and hawker activity would be detrimentallyaffected by this proposal to create an upgraded city and suburban Fulbaria bus terminal as they (supermarkets,stalls and hawkers) could not be incorporatedin any new at-grade bus terminalproposal.
The Gulistancity and suburban bus terminal currently operates along a congested road carriageway east of the Fulbariabus terminal, effectivelyclosing this roadwayto non-bus traffic.At presentthe on-streetGulistan terminal has no facilitiesother than a very basic set of very public toilets (roofless,no doors). Hawkersoperate along the footpath and fence to the adjacentparklands. It is proposedto relocatethe Gulistan city bus terminal activitiesto an adjacent DCC market site, but existing on-site stalls and hawker activity would be detrimentallyaffected if this proposalwere to result in a new at-gradebus terminal.
In all four cases, upgradingof the two BRTCbus depots and improvementsto the two DCC bus terminals to provide much-neededimproved bus terminal facilities for Dhaka must result in positive social impacts for all users of the bus terminal sites. This includes the operators, bus drivers and passengers provided that appropriate, effective on-site managementof the terminalsand their facilitiesis also providedas part of the improvement packages.
A serious detrimentalsocial impact would result to stalls and hawkersoperating on the two existing DCCsites proposedfor redevelopmentas the two city and suburbanbus terminals at Fulbaria and Gulistan.Thiscould be avoided if these terminals were built above the existingon-site market structures.
72 4. Road widenings(refer to Figure 3)
All of the proposed road widenings being considered under DUTP will provide a positive social beniefitto the users of the roads to be widened, as a result of improved road and traffic conditions. Of the various road widening projects, only two have the potential to produceany detrimentalsocial impacts,namely:
- FulbariaRoad (350mfrom BangaBazar to K. Alauddin Road) - Mirpur Road (1,390mfrom ShaymoliCinema Hall to Darusalam)
The negativesocial impactassociated with the 350m FulbariaRoad wideninginvolves the impact to users of a four storied building and a few small shops which will need to be removed to accommodatethe proposedroad widening. The small neagativesocial impact associatedwith the 1,390mMirpur Roadwidening involves the front landscapedyard and street frontage wall of a residencewhich will have to be removed to accommodatethe proposedroad widening.
5. New links (referto Figure3)
Four new link roadswere investigatedunder DUTP that all requiresome fonn of excessive land acquisitionand/or access to Governmentland and, as a consequence,will not be implementedin conjunctionwith DUTP, as follows :'
a) Mirpur-14to Banani a land acquisitionof privateland b) Agargaonto JahangirGate accesspermission required from airport authoritylcantonmen1t board c) Gulshan-1to Badda a land acquisitionof privateland d) Tongi DiversionRoad to Shooting . land acquisitionof privateland Complex(Gulshan)/Rampura Progati Sanani
In all cases,the four proposedlink roads would have resultedin positivesocial impactsfor users of the roads and residentsof the surroundingareas who would have experienced much improvedaccess/egress to/from their respectiveareas.
On the other hand, the following negative social impacts would hiave resulted froim the constructionof the four link roads:
a) Mirpur-14to Banani: This link road would impact on an existingMosque if the road could not be realignedto bypassit; the ShikhaAnirban would biepartiailly affected; and several buildingsof the old DOHSwould need to be demolished.
b) Agargaonto JahangirGate: This link road would requirethe closure and removalof the existing National Parade Square,airforce runway and airforce hanger if the road were to be constructed.
c) GLulshan-1to Badda: This link road would require the removal of a consiclerable number of sub-standard semi-pucca residences, tin sheds, small shops and boundarywalls.
73 d) Tongi Diversion Road to Shooting Complex (Gulshan)iRampuraPragati Sanani: This link road would affect some 50-60 squatter houses containing some 150-180 familieswho woLJldneed to be resettled,as well as some 5-10tin sheds.
6. Tongi bypassintersection/road improvements (refer to Figure 4)
Proposed improvementsfor the Tongi bypass include a new bridge deck over the Turag River, widening of the road from the bridge to Mymensingh Road, and intersection improvementsat the Tongi Bypass/MymensinghRoad intersection.
These improvementswill result in a positive social impact for all users of the bridge and intersectionby improvingthe traffic flow across the bridge, and removing the congestion presently experienced in the vicinity of the intersection.This impact will have positive benefits for the residentsand truck operators and drivers of Tongi township, as well as for users of the heavilytrafficked airport road.
Negativesocial impacts may result from increasedtraffic flows across the bridge should it become a popular allternativeroute for very large volumes of traffic to and from Dhaka. dependingon the final engineeringdesign, the intersectionimprovements may affect some 25 existingsmall shops currently operatingon the edge of the existingROW, as they may need to be removed.
7. Priority routestructLlres for cycle-rickshaws(refer to Figure5)
Besidesthe two NMV low cost improvementoptions as alternativesto the Sonargaonand Mohakhaliflyovers discussed in the followingSection 9, seven additional-NMTroutes are proposedfor the priority use of NMVs. In all cases,as a positivesocial impact, users of the NMVs on these routes will benefit because of the improved movement of the NMVs between adjacent areas and/or the avoidance of heavily trafficked and congested intersections.One of the seven priority rickshaw routes utilizes Railways land to access Pantha Path via the Malibagh and Moghbazarrail crossings;two rickshaw routes cross Banani lake linking two sets of roads in Banani and Gulshan;one links Banani Road No. 1 to MohakhaliRoad; one links Tejgaonto Nayatola;and the other two routes link the Baitul Aman HousingSociety area with, firstly, the Mirpur Mazar Road and, secondly,the Dhaka- Aricha Highway.
A negativesocial impactis evident with four of the seven proposedpriority rickshawroutes as a result of affected squatters requiring resettlement. This is the case with the Malibagh/Moghbazarrail crossings route where illegal workshops, small shops and a clubhouse of the Youth Freedom Fighters are also affected; with the south Banani lake crossingon the edges of the lake; with the Banani Road No.1 to Mohakhaliroute; and with the Dhaka-ArichaHighway link route. However, the number of affected squatters is not great in each case. As well, there are several instances of minor intrusions onto the proposedpriority rickshawroutes by a small numberof other structuressuch as tin sheds, boundarywalls and semi-puccaand kutcha housespartly affected.Along the Dhaka-Aricha Highway where the priority rickshaw route junction is proposed, it will be necessaryto remove various bamboo sellers operatingon the edge of the ROW. The most significant social impact will occur at the Banani Road No. 18 connection of the north Banani lake crossing where three recently constructedsemi-pucca structures of Rangs Electronics Limited will need to be removed at the end of this existing road to accommodatethe 74 proposedpriority rickshawroute.
One other discemablepotential social impact will occur in different parts of the high class residential areas of Banani and Gulshan as a result of three of the proposed priority rickshaw routes. In these cases, NMVs will traverse residential aireas where they have previously not existed in large numbers due to the absence of the links under consideration.
8. Truck depots/parks(refer to Figure6)
Five areas in Tejgaon, Pagla, Saidabad, Mohammadpurand Amin Bazar are currently utilizedas uncontrolled,haphazard truck depots/parks.
It is proposedto formalizetruck depot/parksites in these five locationsto rieduce kerbside truck parking on major and local roads by developing appropriatelysized off-streel:truck parkingareas and associatedfacilities.
In all five cases a positivesocial impactwill occur with the improvedtruck depots/parksas a resullt of the truck drivers and owners experiencing a more efficient trucking operation/business.This would occur because of the existence of properly planned, managed and operated truck depots/parkswhich do not exist as such at present. No discernablemajor negativesocial impactexists with these proposals.
9. Rail-roadoverpasses and flyovers(refer to Figure7)
Two alternativeschemes are proposedfor each of the three possibleflyover sites of:
- Jatrabari intersection, - Sonargaon intersection, and - Mohakhali intersection.
At Jatrabari,two alternative flyovers of different cost, length, gradients and spans have been suggested for traffic using the Dhaka/Chittagongroad. At Sonargaon, one alternative involves a flyover over the intersectionfor traffic using the main north-south road; the other alternativeinvolves a grade-separatedexclusive east-west route for NMVs south of the main intersection (behind the Sonargaon Hotel). At Mohakhali, one alternative involves a curved flyover over the intersectionand railway lirie from the north (from M/ymensinghRoad) to the east (to the Old Airport Road) with a single carriageway extensionto the south along the DhakaMymensingh Road; the other alternativeinvolves a grade-separatedNMV crossingof MymensinghRoad to the north of the T-junction.
The two flyover alternativesfor Jatrabariwill have the same social imlpactin eaich case as their space requirementsat groundlevel are almost identical..A very positivesocial impactwill resultat Jatrabaridue to the improvedmovement ait and throughthe intersectionby all users of the intersection.
Severalshops and buildingsat cornerlocations will be affected by the intersection corner improvementsand will need to be removed;numerous hawkers and the Shahid FarukSarak street marketwill need to be removedas well as all public: transportloading/unloadinglwaiting areas at the street corners. To accommodate 75 the proposedflyover, all illegal businessactivities operating between the road verge and the southernboundary of the ChittagongRoad will be affected and will need to be removed;the same appliesto the car rental businessoperating on the southern edge of the road reserveon DayaganjRoad.
For the Sonargaon flyover proposal, the significant positive social impact will be the improvedmovement at and throughthe intersectionby all users of the intersection.Loss of some private property will result from the flyover proposal. Some parklands along Kazi Nazrul Islam Road will be lost to public use and some squatterswill be affected, requiring their removal from land on the easternedge of the proposedflyover reserve south of the Sonargaon Hotel. For the Sonargaongrade-separated, east-west NMV route alternative, again a positive impact will result from the improvementof traffic movements at and throughthe intersectionas a result of the transfer of rickshawtraffic from the intersectionto their own route south of the intersection.However, a negativesocial impact associatedwith this alternative is the need to relocate affected squatters residing on Government land along the SonargaonHotel southern site boundary,and along the covered culvert to the west, the surface of Nhichforms part of the proposedrickshaw route betweenSonargaon Road and Pantha Paith. As well, hawkerslocated along SonargaonRoad where the road will be raisedto pass over the rickshawroute will need to be removedfrom the footpath in this vicinity, as well as hawkers operating along the covered culvert surface between SonargaonRoad and PanthaPath.
The flyover proposalfor Mohakhaliwill result in a positivesocial impact as a result of the improved movementat and throughthe T-junctionby all users of the T-junction.Various hawkersand stalls operatingat the intersectionwill be affectedby the proposedflyover and will need to be removed.Public transport stops at the intersectionwill require relocationto accommodate the flyover. As with the Sonargaon intersection,.the Mohakhali grade- separatedNMV route alternativewill also result in a positiveimpact due to the improvement of traffic movementsat and throughthe intersectionas a result of the removaiof rickshaw traffic from the T-junction.The same negativesocial impactdescribed above for the flyover option will occur with grade-separatedNMV option in that various hawkers and stalls operating at the intersectionwill still be affectedand will still need to be removed.Public transport stops along the eastern edge of the Dhaka MymensinghRoad will also need to the relocated to accommodate the NMV traffic lane proposed along this particular alignment.
10. Parking(refer to Figure 8)
The three parking proposals/areasunder considerationon DUTP2 are for very different situationsin each case:-
a) Motijheelparking (for cars) . commercial (business)precinct b) New/OldElephant Roads parking . retail precinct (for cars) c) English Roadparking (for trucks * commercialand light industrial and other commercialvehicles) precinct
As a positive social irnpact,the Motijheelcar parking proposalswould satisfy an existing demandfor on-streetand off-streetcar parkingwhich is not being met at presentand, thus, would presumably facilitate more efficient business activities in the commercial area. 76 However,the negativeimpact of the proposalis that in doing this it would replace all of the existing or potential open space areas/parks to an extent whereby the Molijheel CommercialArea would be almost totally devoid of public open space, thus creal:inga "concretejungle".
The New/OldElephant Roads proposalis to increasethe availablecar parking spacesby providingoff-street parking and regulatingon-street parallel parkingfor motor vehicles.This would representa positivesocial impact in that it would satisfy a demand for spaces which exists at present and thus, presumably, the attraction of the retail area to pot:ential customerswho own cars. A negativeimpact would be the displacernentof some keibside hawker/stall activities for on-street parallel parking and a restriction on lhe activities of rickshawscurrently utilizing that space for passengerloading/ unloading/waiting of potential customersof low socio-economicmeans.
As a positivesocial impact, any parking proposal(s)that would decongestthe overalltraffic problemsin the EnglishRoad area wouid result in a positivesocial impaci to users of the area. The traffic problemsin this area are so serious that it is difficult to see how any sensible remedial action could have anythingbut a positivesocial impact. Howeve!r,the emphasis must be on truck parking and commercialvehicle activities, and all fonrnsof public transportat the expenseof providingparking space for privatemotor cars.
11. Cycle-rickshawunderpasses (refer to Figures4 and 6)
Three sites along the major north-southarterial road, the Dhaka-MymensinghIRoad, are proposedfor cycle-rickshawunderpasses to facilitatethe east-westmovement of rickshawsat Tejgaon, Bananiand Uttara.The Uttarasite is clear of any obstructions, whereas the Tejgaon and Banani underpasseswill require some minor land acquisitionand removalof roadsidestalls.
12. Pedestrianfootbridges (refer to Figure3) and sidewalkimprovements
Three pedestrianfootbridges proposed for DUTPinvolve no resettlementissues. Some 20 kms of sidewalkimprovements will requirethe removalof roadsidestalls.
13. Potentialenvironmental impacts
DUTP involves the engineering design of constructionprojects with both positive and negativeimpacts on the physical,social and health environmentof Dhaka.The civil works will involve many componentsof work of a different nature, and their implementationwill cause social, healthand environmentalimpacts, including impacts on the urban ecology.
In the following Section 14, the potentialpositive and negativeenvironmental impacts are described that have been screened by field reconnaissancesurvey for each primary componentof works. In most of the cases, on completionof the works, air pollution,water pollution and soil pollution in the surrounding area will be reduced 1:ogetherwith an, improvementof environmentalhealth and sanitation conditions.In someacases such as proposed new link roads and widening of existing roads, sorne roadside trees and vegetation, lakes and other environmentallysensitive areas may be adversely affected. Precautionstherefore need tQ be taken duringdetailed engineeringdesign to minimizeany potentialadverse environmental impacts.
77 14. Environmentalfield screeningoutcomes
Intersection improvements
Acute traffic congestion exists at each site resulting in a concentrationof motor vehicle emissions and noise pollution.Many intersectionfootpaths and drains are very unhygienic as a result of defecaition,urination, and lack of proper solid and liquid waste collectionand disposal.After improvementsat these intersections,existing traffic delays will be reduced causing lesser air and noise pollution and, hopefully, an improvementin the sanitation conditionof the footpathsand drains.
Inter-districtbus terminals
Heavy traffic jams exist at the bus terminals particularly at their entry and exit points resulting in acute air and noise pollution caused by motor vehicle emissions and other vehicle activity.Again, due to poor management, existing public toilet facilities are very unhygienic.The cornpoundsare strewn with garbage,and on-site drains are clogged and emit foul smells. Old defunct buses and buses under repair are scattered throughoutthe compoundswith resultantspillage of fuel and lubricantswhich cause serious pollution of the surroundingwater coursesand water bodies.
After improvingthe entry and exit pointsand reducingthe traffic congestionassociated with these terminals,the air and noise pollutionlevels will be reduced, and other proposedon- site improvementswill improvefacilities for all passengers,including public toilet facilities and on-sitesanitary conditions. Appropriateplanning, design and efficient managementof these bus terminals must be a priority, in the interest of better environmental health conditions for the users of the terminals.
City bus depot and terminalfacilities
The improvementof the existing off-street bus depots and city bus terminals and their upgradingto off-streetcity and suburbanbus terminals will help clear the road reserves of waiting buses,thus increasingvehicle speeds and movements.This will result in an overall reduction in air and noise pollution.The current practise resulting in roadside spillage of fuel and lubricantsfrom on-streetbuses under repair will be reduced if they use off-street bus depot facilities,causing an overallreduction in soil and water pollution.
Roadwidenings, pedestrian footbridges and sidewalkimprovements
The proposedroacl widenings will requirethe cuttingand removalof some road side trees. The resultantdetrimental environmental impact will involve a reductionin habitatsfor birds, and loss of greenery.
The road widenings,pedestrian footbridges and sidewalk improvementsmay also involve some other minor negative environmentalimpacts, particularly during construction but these should be offset by the improved traffic flow, overall reduction in motor vehicle emissions, and reductionin traffic congestionand its consequent air and noise pollution after construction.
78 New links
The new link roads would have affected some homesteads,biological environments (e.g. trees and plants), home gardens and wetlandsand other environmentallysensitive areas, particularly immediatelybefore and during construction of the new link roads. Delailed surveys aindfield investigationsand ameliorationplans would be requiredto minimize any adverseenvironmental impacts, particularly during construction.
Tongi by-passintersectionlroad improvements
No specific adverse environmentalimpact is anticipated after construction.One kutcha drain along the existing ROW which comesfrom the Tongi industrialarea may need to be realignedand replacedprior to construction.
Priorityroute structures and underpassesfor cycle-rickshaws
The proposed priority cycle-rickshawroutes and cycle-rickshaw underpasses will not involve any negative environmental impacts. They will by-pass heavily trafficked intersectionsand major road links,thus reducingtraffic congestionwhlich will lowerthe level of air and noise pollution from motor vehicle emissions and traffic. congestion at lhese intersections,and along these roads.
Truck depots/parks
The improvementof the existingtruck parks will result in an overallpositive environrmental impact on city residents. It will result in the reduction of traffic congesl:ioncaused by haphazard truck parking along the roadsides, and the spillage cf fuel, lubricants etc. caused by on-streettruck repairsand maintenance.With properlymanaged truck parks,air pollution and water pollution caused by the existingtruck parking aireaswill be improved along with the improvementof the unhygienicconditions of the roadsideareas previiously occupiedby the trucksfor on-streetparking, repairs and maintenance.
Rail-roadoverpasses and flyovers
Traffic congestionwill be reducedas a result of the flyover improvements,thus reducingair and noise pollution.
Parking
The improvementof vehicle parking facilities both off-street and on-streetwill help reduce traffic congestion (and commensurateair and noise pollution), kesrbsidesoil and water pollution,and contributeto an improvementin roadside sanitation.However, in the case of the proposed Motijheel commercialarea carparking plan, the replacementof all existing and availablepublic open space/parkswith car parks will have a detrimentalenvironmental impact as a result of the removalof the currentlyremaining "green" spaces in this particular locality.
79 APPENDIX 3
SUMMARYOF CENSUSAND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEYOF DUTPPAPs
contents
Page
1. Loss of livelihood:Hawkers 1 2. Issueof vulnerability 4 3. Loss of business:Non-Residential Establishments 5 4. Occupationalstatus of employees 7 5. Loss of residentialstructures 8
80 I Summary of the Censusand Socio-EconomicSurvey
Introduction
The proposedproject civil works for improvementof the transportationand traffic movementwith a view to 'eliminating'road congestionare likely to affect people in different businesses, including non-residential and residential establishments.Hence, through the socio-economicsurvey at project sites, the extent of loss, to various degrees, has been documented to provide a conceptualizationof the EntitledPersons (EPs) and the ProjectAffected Persons(PAPs).
The survey essentially focused on three categories of affectees, namely Hawkers, Non- ResidentialEstablishments and ResidentialEstablishments, which apparentlyconstrain the Right- of-Way (RoW). As such, the project will cause loss of livelihood, loss of business and loss of residentialquarters to peoplecurrently occupying the RoW. For civil works to proceed,the PAPs or the displacedpersons are to be coveredunder the proposedResettlement Action Plan (RAP) by meansof adequatecompensation and developmentassistance.
Loss of livelihood: Hawkers
Hawkersare aplenty at projectsites, viz. flyovers,intersection, bus terminal, NMT Underpass,etc. Of the hawkers,there are: PermanentStall, Semi-PermanentStall, and Other Vendors (open footpath vendor, open road carriagewaykerbside vendor, open parkland vendor, walking vendor and other). Such hawker types were enumeratedwithin the purview of the RoW requirements, and, as such, the hawkers within the RoW will be affected as EPs and PAPs. For the survey purposes, the coverage of hawkerswere: PermanentStall = 100%, Semi-PermanentStall = 100%, and Other Vendors = 20% at flyover and bus terminal sites, and 15% at intersection,etc. Thus, the results of the enumerationof hawkersare presentedin Table 1, indicatingthe extent of the affecteesby types of hawkers.
PermanentStall:
There are twenty - eight permanentstalls being operated by hawkers across the project sites, wherein, on the average, slightly over Taka 50,000 are realised as monthly sale proceeds. Although the physical structuresof a permanenthawker stall is around fifty-six square feet, the average cost of such a stall is aroundTaka 25,000.On the average,a hawkerof a permanentstall has to supportover 6 dependents.
81 Table 1 : Loss of livelihood: Hawkers: Permanent Stalli
Site Number Average Average size of Average cost Average of Stalls Monthly Sale Hawker stall/ of Hawker Numlaer of (Tk.) vending space stall farnily (square feet) infrastructure members to (Tk.) support Flyover: Jatrabari 2 63000.00 40.00 45000.00 7 Mohakhali 4 57750.00 95.00 35250.00 6
Intersection: Mouchak 1 60000.00 50.00 1000.00 3 Khilgaon 1 15000.00 48.00 3000.00 4 Rajarbagh 4 48375.00 42.25 6125.00 5 Malibagh 2 90000.00 85.00 37500.00 7 Topkhana 2 31500.00 61.00 29000.00 7 Kadam Chattar 1 36000.00 40.00 5000.00 9 Shapla Chattar 3 145000.00 101.33 22667.00 6 New Market 1 60000.00 40.00 70000.00 15 N-SlEnglish Road 1 15000.00 48.00 10000.00 5 Ittefaq 1 24000.00 40.00 3000.00 6 Golap Shah 2 45000.00 44.00 62500.00 7 Mazar
Bus Terminal: Gabtali 2 30000.00 24.00 5275.00 7
NMT Underpass: Tejgaon 1 60000.00 80.00 50000.00 6 Total 28 52042.00 55.90 25688.00 5.67
82 Table 1: Loss of livelihood:Hawkers: Semi-Permanent Stall
Site Number Average Average size of Average cost Average of Stalls Monthly Sale Hawker of Hawker Number of (Tk.) stalllvending stall family space infrastructure members to (square feet) (Tk.) support Flyover: Jatrabari 26 26134.00 20.32 4304.00 6 Mohakhali 5 66000.00 22.09 5800.00 6
Intersection: Mouchak 7 31285.71 12.06 4586.00 4 Khilgaon 2 187500.00 24.00 11500.00 6 Rajarbagh 8 39000.00 15.75 10188.00 5 Fakirapool - 13.00 - 4 Moghbazar - 9.67 - 4 Kataban 2 31875.00 9.80 13000.00 8 Kakrail 2 33000.00 10.86 4000.00 5 Malibagh 1 210000.00 14.54 8000.00 5 Bijoynagar 1 15000.00 16.00 1500.00 4 Topkhana - 20.10 - 5 Kadam Chattar 6.00 9 Shapla Chattar 1 27000.00 12.05 - 5 New Market 3 19000.00 20.13 2633.00 5 Sayedabad 5 12180.00 10.00 3000.00 7 N-S/English Road 1 6000.00 10.40 25000.00 5 Balda Garden 1 15000.00 13.00 3000.00 5 Ittefaq 1 24000.00 9.40 3000.00 4 Dholaikhal - 8.56 - 6 Zeropoint 10.12 7 Golap Shah 14.28 6 Mazar
Bus Terminal: Gabtali 36 36108.33 15.93 6583.00 5 Sayedabad 11 62045.45 16.30 3918.00 5 Mohakhali 1 60000.00 20.30 15000.00 6
NMT Underpass: Tejgaon 12 25500.00 6.50 7250.00 6 Total 126 48769.10 32.13 6990.00 6
83 Table 1: Loss of livelihood:Hawkers: Other Vendors
Site Number Average Averagesize of Averagecost Average of Stalls MonthlySale Hawker of Hawker Numberof (Tk.) stallivending stall family space. infrastructure membersto (squarefeet) (Tk.) support Flyover: Jatrabari 19 18710.53 20.32 6
Mohakhali 27 51444.44 22.09 6 Intersection: Mouchak 32 34265.63 12.06 - 4 Khilgaon 13 73961.54 24.00 - 6 Rajarbagh 8 16350.00 15.75 - 5 Fakirapool 19 20131.56 13.00 - 4 Moghbazar 13 28500.00 9.67 - 4 Kataban 5 23400.00 9.80 - 8 Kakrail 14 24053.57 10.86 - 5 Malibagh 13 23076.92 14.54 - 5 Bijoynagar 2 9000.00 16.00 - 4 Topkhana 21 75900.00 20.10 - 5 KadamChattar 1 24000.00 6.00 - 9 ShaplaChattar 40 38145.00 12.05 - 5 New Market 24 37875.00 20.13 - 5 Sayedabad 3 14000.00 10.00 - 7 N-SlEnglishRoad 5 11100.00 10.40 - 5 BaldaGarden 4 12000.00 13.00 - 5 lttefaq 5 11700.00 9.40 - 4 Dholaikhal 9 28333.33 8.56 - 6 Zeropoint 25 25920.00 10.12 - 7 GolapShah 71 25352.11 14.28 - 6 Mazar BusTerminal: Gabtali 15 27800.00 15.93 . 5 Sayedabad 10 26400.00 16.30 5 Mohakhali 10 30000.00 20.30 6 NMTUnderpass: Tejgaon 2 26250.00 6.50 6 Total 410 28371.90 13.51 - 5.69
84 At the flyover sites, Jatrabari has only two permanentstalls fetching a little over Taka 60,000 as average monthly sale proceeds;the average stall size is relatively smaller, costing Taka 45,000 with 7 family membersto support. Unlike Jatrabari,Mohakhali has four permanentstalls, realising lesser amountof monthlysale proceedswith a relativelybigger stall size, its cost being lower, but supports6 dependents.
At the intersections,with the exceptionsof Rajarbaghand Shapla Chattar, which have 4 and 3 permanent stalls respectively,others have one or two such stalls. Again, except for Shapla Chattar and Malibagh,which realise monthlysale proceedsto the tune of nearly Taka one and a half lakh and close to Taka one lakh respectively,lower order monthly sale proceeds being at Khilgaon and N-S/EnglishRoad, others do business realising a monthly sale proceed ranging from Taka 24,000 to Taka 60,000. The permanentstall size varies from 40 to 60 square feet, exceptingbigger sizes at ShaplaChattar and Malibagh respectively;a stall's cost appears higher at New Market and Golap Shah Mazar,others being less costlier, with family membersto support being in the range of 3-7, with the exceptionsof New Marketand KadamChattar, where 15 and 9 dependentsare supportedrespectively.
At the bus terminal, there are two permanentstalls, the monthly sale proceeds being, on the average, Taka 30,000,and the average stall size is small, costing a little over Taka 5,000, with 7 dependentsto support.
At the proposedNMT underpass,there is one permanentstall, the monthlysale proceedsrealised is Taka 60,000, and the stall size is eighty square feet, costing Taka 50,000, with 6 family membersto support.
Semi- PermanentStall:
Those are 126 semi-permianentstalls of hawkersacross the project sites, which realise, on the average, monthly sale proceedsamounting nearly Taka 50,000, and the average stall size being 32 squarefeet, which costs Taka 7,000 with 6 dependentsto support.
At the flyover sites, Jatrabtarihas 26 semi-permanentstalls, which, on the average,fetch monthly sale proceedsof more than Taka 25,000;the average stall size being smaller, costinga little over Taka 4,000, with 6 family membersto support. Mohakhalihas 5 semi-permanentstalls, realising monthly sale proceeds arnountingto Taka 66,000; the average stall size being smaller, costing Taka 5,800,with 6 dependentsto support.
At the intersections,except for Rajarbagh,Mouchak and Sayedabad,which have 8,7 and 5 semi- permanent'stalls, others range from 1-3 semi-permanentstalls. The average monthly sale proceeds is atypical at Malibagh and Khilgaon,which realise over and nearly Taka two lakh respectively,others range from Taka 6,000 to Taka 39,000. The average stall size is smaller comparedto the project sites average,costing, ih the higher order, in an is dated instance,Taka 25,000 and the least being Taka 1,500, with 5-6 family members to support, exceptions being KadamChattar, Kataban,Sayedabad and Zero Point,where 9,8 and 7 family membersare being supportedrespectively.
At the bus terminals, Gabtali has 36 semi-permanentstalls, monthly sales being over Taka 35,000; the stall size is quite small, costing over Taka 6,000, with 5 dependents to support. Similarly, Sayedabadad Mohakhalihave 11 and 1 semi-permanentstalls respectively,monthly 85 sale proceedsof each amount to at least Taka 60,000; the stall sizes are smaller, costing Taka 15,000at Mohalkhaliand. only Taka 4,000 at Sayedabad,with 6 and 5 family membersto support respectively.
At the proposed NMT underpass,there are 12 semi-permanentstalls, monthly sale proceeds being over Taka 25,000; the stall size being quite small, costing over Taka 7,000, with 6 dependentsto support.
Other Vendors:
There are 410 stalls of other vendors,which realisean average of nearlyTaka 30,000 monthly as sale proceeds;the stall size being quite small, with nearly6 family membersto support.
At the flyover sties, Jatrabari has 19 other vendors stalls, monthly sale procee(is being nearly Taka 20,000;the stall size is relativelysmaller, with 6 dependentsto support. Similarly,Mohakhali has 27 other vendorsstalls, realisingmonthly sale proceedsamounting to over Taka 50,000;the stall size is relativelysmaller, with 6 family membersto support.
At the intersections,Golap Shah Mazar, Shapla Chattar, Mouchak,Zero Point and New Market have most other vendorsstalls, 71, 40, 32, 25, and 24 respectively,with othersthe range is from 1 to 21, realising monthly sale proceeds variously in the range of Taka 9,000 and nearly Taka 80,000;the stall size is relativelysmaller for most, below the projectaverage, with 4-6 dependents to support, excepting Kadam Chattar and Kataban where 9 and 8 family members being supportedrespectively.
At the bus terminals,Gabtali has 15 other vendorsstalls, while Sayedabadand Mohakhalihave 10 other vendors stallseach, monthlysale proceedsrange from over Taka 25,000 to Taka 30,000; the stall size being relativelysmaller, but abovethe averageproject size, with 5-6 family members to support.
At the proposedNMT underpass,there are 2 other vendors stalls, monthly sale proceedsbeing over Taka 25,000; the stall size is quite small, much below the average project size, with 6 dependents to support.
Issueof Vulnerability
Consideringthe socio-economicstatus of hawkers,viz. the earning of income from hawking to support the family and dependents,a thresholdmonthly income index of Taka 3,500 divides the vulnerability line. As such, the hawkers,whose monthly income, largely from sale proceeds,is Taka 3,500 or less are vulnerableand above the thresholdmonthly income level of Taka :3,500is non-vulnerable(Table 1A).
PermanentStall:
At flyover sites, the hawkersall are non-vulnerable.
Similarly,at the intersections,all hawkersare non-vulnerable.
86 sale proceeds of each amount to at least Taka 60,000;the stall sizes are smaller, costing Taka 15,000 at Mohakhaliand only Taka 4,000 at Sayedabad,with 6 and 5 family membersto support respectively.
At the proposed NMT underpass,there are 12 semi-permanentstalls, monthly sale proceeds being over Taka 25,000; the stall size being quite small, costing over Taka 7,000, with 6 dependentsto support.
Other Vendors:
There are 410 stalls of other vendors,which realisean average of nearly Taka 30,000 monthly as sale proceeds;the stall size being quite small, with nearly6 family membersto support.
At the flyover sties, Jatrabari has 19 other vendors stalls, monthly sale proceeds being nearly Taka 20,000;the stall size is relativelysmaller, with 6 dependentsto support. Similarly,Mohakhali has 27 other vendorsstalls, realisingmonthly sale proceedsamounting to over Taka 50,000;the stall size is relativelysmaller, with 6 family membersto support.
At the intersections,Golap Shah Mazar, Shapla Chattar, Mouchak,Zero Point and New Market have most other vendorsstalls, 71, 40, 32, 25, and 24 respectively,with othersthe range is from 1 to 21, realising monthly sale proceeds variously in the range of Taka 9,000 and nearly Taka 80,000;the stall size is relativelysmaller for most, belowthe projectaverage, with 4-6 dependents to support, excepting Kadam Chattar and Kataban where 9 and 8 family members being supportedrespectively.
At the bus terminals,Gabtali has 15 other vendorsstalls, while Sayedabadand Mohakhalihave 10 other vendorsstalls each, monthlysale proceedsrange from over Taka 25,000to Taka 30,000; the stall size being relativelysmaller, but above the averageproject size, with 5-6 family members to support.
At the proposedNMT underpass,there are 2 other vendors stalls, monthly sale proceeds being over Taka 25,000; the stall size is quite small, much below the average project size, with 6 dependentsto support.
-Issueof Vulnerability
Consideringthe socio-economicstatus of hawkers,viz. the earning of income from hawking to support the family and dependents,a threshold monthly income index of Taka 3,500 dividesthe vulnerability line. As such, the hawkers,whose monthly income, largely from sale proceeds, is Taka 3,500 or less are vulnerableand abovethe thresholdmonthly income level of Taka 3,500 is non-vulnerable(Table IA).
Permanent Stall:
At flyover sites, the hawkersall are non-vulnerable.
Similarly, at the intersections,all hawkersare non-vulnerable.
86
The hawkersat the Gabtalibus terminalare all non-vulnerable.
Again, the hawker at the ND/Tunderpass is non-vulnerable.
Semi-PermanentStall:
At flyover sites, the hawkersare all non-vulnerable.
At the intersections,all hawkersare non-vulnerable.
Similarly, at the bus terminals,except for an instance of being vulnerable,all hawkers are non- vulnerable.
The hawkerat the NMT underpassis vulnerable.
87 Table IA: Economic Threshold of Hawkers: Permanent Stall
Site Economic Threshold Vulnerable Non-Vulnerable Total Flyover: Jatrabari 0 2 2 Mohakhali 0 4 4-
Intersection: Mouchak 0 1 I Khilgaon 0 1 1 Rajarbagh 0 4 '4 Fakirapool .. Moghbazar .. Kataban .. Kakrail .. Malibag,h 0 2 Bijoynagar Topkhana 0 2 2 Kadam Chattar 0 1 Shapla Chattar 0 3 .3 New Market 0 1 1 Sayedabad N-S/English Road 0 1 1 Balda Garden Ittefaq 0 I 1 Dholaikhal Zeropoint Golap Shah Mazar 0 2 2
Bus Terminal: Gabtali 0 2 2 Sayedabad Mohakhali
NMT Underpass: Tejgaon 0 1 1 Total 0 28 28
88 Table 1A: Economic Threshold of Hawkers: Semi-Permanent Stall
Site Economic Threshold Vulnerable Non-Vulnerable Total Flyover: Jatrabari 0 26 26 Mohakhali 0 5 5
Intersection: Mouchak 0 7 7 Khilaon 0 2 Rajarbagh 0 8 8 Fakirapool 0 Moghbazar 0 . - Kataban 0 2 2 Kakrail 0 2 2 Malibagh 0 1 1 Bijoynagar 0 1 Topkhana 0 Kadam Chattar 0 Shapla Chattar 0 1 1 New Market 0 3 3 Sayedabad 0 5 5 N-S/English Road 0 1 1 Ba1daGarden 0O Ittefaq 0O Dholaikhal 0 Zeropoint 0 Golap Shah Mazar 0
Bus Terminal: Gabtali 2 34 36 Sayedabad 0 11 11 Mohakhali 0 1
NMT Underpass: Tejgaon. I 1 I
3 123 126
89 Table 1A: Economic Threshold of Hawkers: Other Vendors
Site Economic Threshold Vulnerable Non-Vulnerable Tot.l Flyover: Jatrabari I 18 19 Mohakhali 0 27 27
Intersection: Mouchak 1 31 32 Khilgaon 0 13 13 Rajarbagh 1 7 8 Fakirapool 0 19 19 Moghbazar 1 12 13 Kataban 0 5 5 Kakrail I 13 14 Malibagh 0 13 13 Bijoynagar 0 2 2 Topkhana 0 21 21 Kadam Chattar 0 1 1 Shapla Chattar 0 40 40 New Market 0 24 24 Sayedabad 0 3 3 N-S/English Road 0 5 5 Balda Garden 0 4 4 Ittefaq 0 5 5 Dholaikhal 0 9 9 Zeropoint 0 25 25 Golap Shah Mazar 0 71 71
Bus Terminal: Gabtali 0 15 1c5 Sayedabad 0 10 10 Mohakhali 0 10 10
NMT Underpass: Tejgaon 0 2 2 Total s 405 410
90 Other Vendors:
At the flyover sites, except for an instanceof being vulnerable at Jatrabari, all hawkers are non- vulnerable.
At the intersections,while there are isolated instancesof hawkers being vulnerable at Mouchak and Kakrail,all hawkersat each site are non-vulnerable.
At the bus terminals,all the hawkersare non-vulnerable.
Similarly,at the proposedNMT underpass, all the hawkersare non-vulnerable. Loss;of Business: Non-ResidentialEstablishments
Each type of businessestablishment such as Retail, PersonalServices, etc. fetches an income, while each employedperson is to help in business,with monthlysalary of employeespaid. Loss of businesswill affect the monthlyincome of the businessoperator as well as the employeesworking for the type of businessestablishment.
As evident form Table 2, there are 305 Retail, 6 Private Office, 241 PersonalServices, 5 Health Centre/Clinic,1 Industry (includingworkshop), 3 Warehouse(including store) and 18 Others will be affected to cause loss of business,with average monthly income of the business being over Taka 60,000 for retail businesses,over Taka 2 lakh for personalservices, about Taka 9,000 for warehouse(including store), and over Taka 20,000 for other establishments.Health Centre/Clinic, follow/edby PersonalServices, employed 5.5 and 4.5 personsrespectively to help with business, other establishmentsempiloyed persons ranging from 1.0to 4.0, with averagemonthly salary of an employeebeing over Taka 1,500 for Retail, over Taka 2,000 for PersonalServices, nearly Taka 3,000 for Health Centre/Clinic,Taka 2,000 for Warehouse(including store), and over Taka 1,500 for Other establishments.
Flyo/er:
Jatrabari has 148 Retail, 2 Private Offices, 15 Personal Services, 3 Health Centres/Clinics,3 Warehouses (includingstore), 1 Industry(including workshop) and 2 Other establishments,with an average monthly incoimeof establishmentsbeing nearly Taka 50,000 for retail, nearly Taka 40,000 for personalsservices, nearly Taka 9,000 for warehouses(including store), Taka 20,000 for other establishments,etc. The average number of employees is 4 each is retail, personal services and health centre/clinic,while there are 2 employeesin warehouses(including store) and one each in industry (includingworkshop) and other business establishments,the employees each receiving over Taka 1,500 per moth as salary for retail, over Taka 2,000 in personal services,Taka 1,400 in health centre/clinic,Taka 2,000 each in warehouse (includingstore) and other business establishments.Similarly, Mohakhali has 88 retail, 31 personal services and 2 heall:hcentre/clinic establishments, the monthly income of each establishmentbeing over Taka 2.50 lakh for retail, nearly Taka 50,000 for personalservices, etc. Five personseach have been employed in retail and personal services businesses, while the heath centres/clinics have employed7 persons, with monthly salary of employeesbeing over Taka 2,500 for retail around Taka 2,500 for personalservices and over Taka 3,000 for health centre/clinic.
Inte!rsection:
91 Mouchakhas 20 retail and 16 personal services businessestablishments, the monthly incorne of an establishmentbeing nearly Taka 30,000 for retail and around Taka 60,000 for personal servicesbusinesses; the retail and personalservices businesses employed 4 personseach with a monthlysalary of employeesat Taka 1,800for retail and over Taka 1,500for personal services.
Khilgaonhas 16 retail and 5 personalservices business establishments, the monthlyincome of an establishmentbeing Taka 86,000 for retail and over Taka 60,000 for personalservices, employing 4 and 3 persons respectively,with the monthlysalary of an employeebeing over Taka 1,600 and nearly Taka 2,000 respectively.
Rajarbagh has 6 retail and 1 personalservices businessestablishments, the monthly incorne of an establishment being over Taka 30,000 of retail and Taka 15,000 for personal services, employing 2 anid 7 persons respectively,with the monthly employee salary being nearly Taka 1,500and nearlyTaka 1,400respectively.
Fakirapoolhas only one retail businessestablishment, earning Taka 35,000 a month, employing5 persons,with emnployeemonthly salary of Taka 1,550.
Similarly, Moghbazarhas 4 retail businessestablishments, earning nearly Taka 90,000 a month, employing3 persons,with employeemonthly salary of over Taka 700 only.
Bus Terminal:
Gabtali has only one retail businessoutlet, fetchinga monthly incomeof Taka 10,900,employing 2 persons, with an average monthly salary of Taka 2,000; there are 136 peisonal seivices establishments,the monthly income of an establishmentbeing over Taka 1 lakh, employing, on the average,6 personswith a monthlysalary of each being over Taka 3,000. Similarly,there are 6 other businessestablishments, earning over Taka 20,000 a month,employing 2 personseach at an averagesalary of nearlyTaka 1,500.
Mohakhali has 7 retail, 3 private offices, 17 personal services and 10 other business establishments,the monthly income of retail business being Taka 7,800, of personal services being over 1.5 lakh, etc., employing2,1, 4 and 1 personsrespectively, with a monthly employee salary being aroundTaka 250 for retail,over Taka 1,500for personalservices, etc
Sayedabad has 14 retail, 1 private office and 20 personal services business establishments, earning over Taka 13,000for retail and over Taka 55,000 for personalservices, elc., employing2, 1 and 3 personsrespectively, with monthlysalary of an employeebeing over Taka 1,500each for retail as well as personalservices business establishments.
OccupationalStatus of Employees
According to Table 2A, employees in service far outdistance management position in non- residentialestablishments.
Retail business establishmentsare prolific at flyover sites, followed by the personal services businessestablishments, and other establishmentstrailing behind, with most frequenciesof the employees being in service in contrast to managementposition, the latter indicates owner- operatedbusinesses.
92 Similar is the trend with business establishments at intersections, except for Rajarbagh intersection,where self-opeiratedretail businessesare preponderant.
At the bus terminals, the employees in service are concentratedaround the personal services business operations ovenrhelmingly rather than a few owner-operated personal services businessmen.
93 Table 2: Loss of Business:Non-Residential Establishmenits
Site/Type of Establishments Number of Average Monthly Average Average Monthly Establishments Income of Number of Salary of Establishments Employees Employees (Tk.) (Tk.) Flyover: Jatrabari: Retail 148 49456.20 4 1843.37 Private Office 2 - - Personal Services 15 38750.00 4 2208.96 Health Centre/Clinic 3 - 4 1400.00 Warehouse (including store) 3 8750.00 2 2000.00 Industry (including I - I workshop) Other Establishments 2 20000.00 1 2000.00
Mohakhali Retail 88 277012.35 5 2646.87 Personal Services 31 48179.31 5 25.35.66 Health Centre/Clinic 2 - 7 30.28.57
Intersection: Mouchak: Retail 20 28388.89 4 1800.76 Personal Services 16 61232.14 4 1623.88
Khilgaon: Retail 16 86000.00 4 1630.36 Personal Services 5 15200.00 3 1966.67
Rajarbagh: Retail 6 32125.00 2 1461.54 Personal Services 1 15000.00 7 12392.86
Fakirapool: Retail 1 35000.00 5 1550.00
Moghbazar: Retail 4 88750.00 3 727.28
Bus Terminal: Gabtali: Retail 1 10000.00 2 2000.00 Personal Services 136 135972.20 6 3031,33 Other Establishments 6 21940.00 2 1430.77
Mohakhali: Retail 7 7800.00 2 224.73 Private Office 3 - Personal Services 17 154555.56 4 1607.49 Other Establishments 10 - I
Sayedabad: Retail 14 13230.77 2 i 876.92 Private Office I - Personal Services 20 56866.67 3 1762.22
94 Site/Type of Establishments Number of Average Monthly Average Average Monthly Establishments Income of Number of Salary of Establishments Employees Employees (Tk.) (Tk.) Total: Retzil 305 60675.44 3.3 1576.18 Private Office 6 - 1.0 Personal Services 241 226083.99 4.5 2016.13 Health Centre/Clinic 5 - 5.5 2914.28 Industry (including I - 1.0 workshop) Warehouse (including store) 3 8750.00 2.0 2000.00 Oth .rs 18 20970.00 1.3 1715.39
95 Table 2A: Occupational Status of Employees: Non-Residential Establishments
Site Service Management Total Flyover: Jatrabari: Retail 3 15 130 445 Personal Services 52 15 67 Health Centre/clinic 5 3 8 Industry Il Warehouse 4 1 5 Other Establishments 1 I
Mohakhali: Retail 311 88 399 Personal Services 100 29 129 Health Centre/clinic 6 l 7
Intersection: Mouchak: Retail 44 22 66 Personal Services 49 18 67
Khilgaon: Retail 40 16 56 Personal Services 11 4 15;
Rajarbagh: Retail 6 7 1: Personal Services 6 I 7
Fakirapool: Retail 3 l 4
Moghbazar: Retail 7 4 11
Bus Terminal: Gabtali: Retail . 2 2 Govt. Office 20 2') Personal Services 737 22 7f9 Other Establishments 12 1 13
Mohakhali: Retail 5 6 11 Private Office 3 Govt. Office 2 Personal Services 59 10 69 Religion 7 7 Other 10 10
Sayedabad: Retail 13 15 28 Private Office I I Govt. Office 2 7 Personal Services 47 20 67 Religion I I Total 1864 432 2296
96 Loss of Residential Structure
By means of the Residentialquestionnaire, the residentialstructures which lie on the RoW were enumerated.The affected residencesare situated at intersections and link road sites. Table 3 shows the breakdownof residentialstructures affected by site categories: Intersection= 3, and Link Road = 7.
Of the total number of resiciencesaffected, each residentialquarter contains a single household. As such, 10 householdsare, in effect,affected because of the RoW requirements.
There are, on average, 3.2 males and 1.8 females in a household,thus the average household size is 5.0.
Of the total numberof residientialstructures affected, 2 structuresare pucca. (Forty-year-old), 1 is semi-puccaand 7 are slum dwellings('Jhupri').
The average monthly household income is slightly over Taka 9,000, although this figure is overshadowedby 'vulnerable'income levels of slum dwellers.Without the overshadowingeffect on the averagemonthly household income, it would have stood at Taka 13,000,thus the affectees are well above the threshold vulnerable monthly income level of Taka 3,500. The "vulnerable" households such as slum dwellers are to be covered under the appropriate RAP structure in consonancewith the provisionsof the World Bank O.D4.30.
The monthly expenditure pattern of the household, although, on an average, higher than the monthlyaverage householidincome, the differencein expenditureis great at Khilgaon intersection only, indicating household monthly savings, and a minimal monthly savings of slum dwelling families.
97 Table 3 Lossof ResidentialStructure
Location No. of No. of Household size Type of Dwelling Total Monthly Total Monthly Residences lIouseholds Household Income Household Affected (Average) Expenditure
______(A v erag e) Male Female Total Pucca Semi- "Kutcha (Taka) (Taka) Pucca
INTERSECTION: | Khilgaon I 6 7 20,000 (NV) 12,000 Moghbazar 2 2 6 3 9 2* 6,000 (NV) 6,000
LINK ROAD: Banani, Road No. I 7 7 20 14 34 - 7 1,500 (V) 1,400 (Slum Dwellings) Total 10 10 32 18 50 2 1 7 9167 6467
Key: NV= Non-Vulinerable Note: Vulnierabilitycut-off line is monitlilyhouseliold incomileof Taka 3,500. V = Vulnerable
* Forty - year - old small - size structures. APPENDIX4
ACTIVITYSCHEDULE FOR DUTP lIAND ACQUISTION,RESETTLEMENT AND CONSTRUCTIONWORKS I
I APPENDIX 5
DUTPLAND ACQUISITIONAND RESETTLEMENTCOST ESTIMATES
ANNEXURE
EXPLANATORYSTATEMENT ...... 4
SOCIAL IMPACTSAND RESETTLEMENT:...... 6
RESETTLEMENTACTION PLAN...... 6 1. INTRODUCTION AND 013JECTIVES ...... 6 1.1 Background ...... 6...... 6 1.2 Bangladesh and World B3ankrequirements regarding displacement ...... 6 1.3 The need for resettlement in the project ...... 7
WORK...... 9
PACKAGES...... 9 2. IMPACTS AND ENTITLEMENTS...... 9 2.1 Types of impact to be addressed ...... 9 2.2 Summary entitlement matrix...... 9 2.4 Resettlement sites...... 12 2.5 Support principles for different categories of impact...... 13 2.6 Entitlement policy framework matrix ...... 19
CATEGORY1: LOSS OF LAND AND TREESTHEREON ...... 22 Category 3: Loss of residential and associated structures...... 26
DETAILS...... 26
CATEGORY5: LOSS OF lJSUFRUCTRIGHTS THROUGH MORTGAGE OR LEASE 29
C. VICINITYOF IMPACT: INDIRECTGROUP-ORIENTED IMPACTS. SUPPORT GIVEN TO COLLECTIVEGROUPS ...... 37. 3. AREAS OF IMPACT ...... 38 4. PHASED APPROACH ...... 38- 5. SOCIAL ASSESSMENT, CENSUS AND SURVEY ...... 39 5.1 Social assessment...... 39 5.2 Census and baseline sociio- economicsurvey ...... 41
BUSINESSTYPE ...... 43
TOTAL...... 43 Locations ...... 43 5.3 Cut-off date ...... 45 6. CO-ORDINATION BETWEEN CIVIL WORKS AND RESETTLEMENT...... 45 6.1 Screening and planning ...... 45 6.2 Implementation ...... 46 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Summary Budget ...... 50 8. PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATION PROCESS...... 51 8.1 Stakeholder participation ...... 51 8.2 Options and Choices for Project Affected People ...... 52 8.3 Information Campaigns...... 52 9. GRIEVANCE REDRESS PROCESS...... 52 9.1 Valuation Process for Acquired Assets ...... 52 9.2 Annual Adjustment of Compensation ...... 53 9.3 Grievance Procedure and Information Dissemination ...... 53 9.4 Steps for public consultation ...... 54 10. INSTITUTPIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ...... 55 10.1 Overall co-ordination .55 10.2 Zone-level sub-committees.58 10.3 Resettlement and rehabilitation staff .58 10.4 Collaboration with local NGOs .59 10.5 Co-ordination with other Government agencies.60 10.6 Transparency and accountability.60 10.7 Improvement in policy and practice.60 10.8 Flowof'Funds .60 11. MONITORING AND EVALUATION...... 60
TOTAL... 138
TOTAL... , 39
TOTAL... d90 | Site/Typeof Establishment Hawkers Non-Residential ResidentialEstablishments Establishments Permanen Semi- Other Pucca Semi- "Kutcha" t Stall Permanent Vendors Pucca Stall Fakirapool 0 0 19 Retail I
Moghbazar 0 0 13 2 Retail 4
Kataban 0 0 5 0 Kakrail 0 2 14 0 Malibagh 0 2 13 0 Bijoynagar 2 1 2 0 Topkhana 0 1 21 0 Kadam Chattar 2 0 1 0 Shapla Chattar 1 0 40 0 New Market 3 1 24 0 Sayedabad 1 3 3 0 N-S/English Road 0 5 5 0 Balda Garden 1 1 4 0 Ittefaq 0 1 5 0 Dholaikhal 1 1 9 0 Zero Point 0 0 25 0 Golap Shah Mazar 2 0 71 0
Bus Terminal Gabtali 2 36 15 Retail I PersonalServices | | 136 Other 6
Mohakhali 0 1 10 Retail - - 7 Private Office 3 REQUIRED '''??!!??????!''???????????'!!??????
???? Table 1: Hawkers,Non-Residential and ResidentialEstablishments Affected
Site/Type of Establishment Hawkers Non-Residential Residential Establishments Establishments_ _ Permanen Semi- - Other Pucca Semi- "Kutcha"; t Stall Permanent Vendors Pucca Stall Flyover Jatrabari 2 26 19 Retail - - 148 Private Office - - 2 Personal Services 15 Health Centre/Clinic - - 3 Warehouse (including store) - - - 3 Industry (incl. workshop) - - - 1 Other - - 2
Mohakhali 4 5 27 Retail - - 88 Personal Services 31
Health Centre/Clinic - - 2
Intersection Mouchak 1 7 32 Retail 20 Personal Services 16
T7LZ I 1 1 1'2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Retail 16 Personal Services - -- 5
Rajarbagh 4 8 8 | Retail 6 Personal Services I l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l Personal Services 17 Other 10
Site/Type of Establishment Hawkers Non-Residential Residential Establishments Establishments
Permanen Semi- Other Pucca l Semi- "Kutcha" t Stall Permanent Vendors Pucca Stall Sayedabad 0 11 Retail 14 Private Office I PersonalServices - - 20
NMT Underpass Tejgaon 1 12 2
Link Road Banani, Road 11 7 Total 28 126 410 *Retail 305 2* 7** Private Office = 6 Personal Services = 241 Health Centre/Clinic =5 Warehouse (including store) = 3 Industry (including workshop)= I Other = 18
* Forty-year-old small-sized structures ** Slum dwellings ("Jhupri") IndicativeSchedule of ResettlementTasks (activity requiredat one typicalsite) Week T2aksro4-- *reeke JLDoercshil;^-i-144 d . .3.- -4-pans A 1: r- 7 St a 4n n< .,)v4 A d4 _C4 47 C)
Phase1- RAP InstitutionsEstablishment 1. IDA Boardapproval of DUTPloan
2. DCC establishresettlement organisational structureand RAP implementationmechanisms
3. DCC prelparesacquisition proposal by Mouza
4. DCCsubmits proposal, defining impact area
5. DC approvalof LA proposal
6. PIU & NG0 updatecensus in impactarea
Phase2- RAPConsultations and EvictionNotic as
7. NGO consultationswith PAPsabout the project
8. DC gives Section3 or DCCgives eviction notice& N(G0presents entitlement options
9. NGOtakes photosfor ID cards
10. DC/DCCvaluation of properties,NGO group consultationis& communityinvolvement
Phase3- Issuanceof RAPID Cards 11. DC Section6 notice,NGO follow-up consultationiand finalizechoice of option
12. DC Section7 notice
13. NGO issuesID cardslisting options agreed to on entitlements& supportmechanisms
14. PIU updatesinformation on projectimpacts & adjust RAPspreadsheets and budgets
Phase4- P'APDisplacement 15. PIU/NGOimplement resettlement, including specialassistance to vulnerable
16. NGO documentsthat relocation,resettlement, compensation& supportare adequate
Phase 5- CivilWorks 17. PIU coimmenceworks only afterRAP implementationeffectively cleared project site
Phase-6-NGO/PJU-Monitoring& Evaluation of Displa6edA2--…-- 2 Dhaka Urban Transport Project
RESETTLEMENTACTIONPLAN
. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Resettlement Action Plan: Explanatory Statement
EXPLANATORYSTATEMENT ...... 4
SOCIAL IMPACTSAND RESETTLEMENT:...... 6
RESETTLEMENTACTION PLAN ...... 6 1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES...... 6 1.1 Background ...... 6...... 6 1.2 Bangladesh and World Bank requirements regarding displacement ...... 6 1.3 The need for resettlement in the project ...... 7
WORK...... 9
PACKAGES...... 9 2. IMPACTS AND ENTITLEMENTS...... 9 2.1 Types of impact to be addressed .9 2.2 Summary entitlement rnatrix...... 9 2.4 Resettlement sites ...... 12 2.5 Support principles for different categories of impact...... 13 2.6 Entitlement policy framework matrix...... 19
CATEGORY1: LOSS OF LAND AND TREESTHEREON ...... 22 Category 3: Loss of residential and associated structures...... 26
DETAILS...... 26
CATEGORY5: LOSS OF USUFRUCTRIGHTS THROUGH MORTGAGE OR LEASE 29
C. VICINITYOF IMPACT: INDIRECTGROUP-ORIENTED IMPACTS. SUPPORT GIVEN TO COLLECTIVEGROUPS ...... 37 3. AREAS OF IMPACT ******** ...... 38 4. PHASED APPROACH ...... 38 5. SOCIAL ASSESSMENT, CENSUS AND SURVEY ..... 39 5.1 Social assessment ...... 39 5.2 Census and baseline socio-economic survey ...... 41
BUSINESSTYPE ...... 43 TOTAL ... 43 Locations...43 5.3 Cut-off date .. 45 6. CO-ORDINAT'ION BETWEEN CIVIL WORKS AND RESETTLEMENT ... 45 6.1 Screening and planning ...... 45 6.2 Implementation . . .46 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Summary Budget . . . 50 8. PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATION PROCESS . . .51 8.1 Stakeholder participation ... 51 8.2 Options and Choices for Project Affected People . . .52 8.3 Information Campaigns . . .52 9. GRIEVANCE REDRESS PROCESS . . .52 9.1 Valuation Process for Acquired Assets...... 52 9.2 Annual Adjustment of Compensation .. 53 9.3 Grievance Procedure and Information Dissemination .. 53 9.4 Steps for public consultation . . .54 10. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANG EMENTS . . . 55 10.1 Overall co-ordination ...... 55 10.2 Zone-level sub-committees...... 58 10.3 Resettlement and rehabilitation staff ...... 58 10.4 Collaboration with local NGOs...... 59 10.5 Co-ordination with other Government agencies ...... 60 10.6 Transparency and accountability...... 60 10.7 Improvement in policy and practice...... 60 10.8 Flow of Funds...... 60 11. MONITORING AND EVALUATION . . .60
TOTAL .138
TOTAL... I 139
TOTAL.90