Plant Soil (2016) 403:129–152 DOI 10.1007/s11104-015-2637-8 MARSCHNER REVIEW Ecology and evolution of plant diversity in the endangered campo rupestre: a neglected conservation priority Fernando A. O. Silveira & Daniel Negreiros & Newton P. U. Barbosa & Elise Buisson & Flávio F. Carmo & Daniel W. Carstensen & Abel A. Conceição & Tatiana G. Cornelissen & Lívia Echternacht & G. Wilson Fernandes & Queila S. Garcia & TadeuJ.Guerra& Claudia M. Jacobi & José P. Lemos-Filho & Soizig Le Stradic & Leonor Patrícia C. Morellato & Frederico S. Neves & Rafael S. Oliveira & Carlos E. Schaefer & Pedro L. Viana & Hans Lambers Received: 9 April 2015 /Accepted: 7 August 2015 /Published online: 18 August 2015 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 Abstract (OCBILs) that are the basis of a general hypothesis to Background Botanists, ecologists and evolutionary bi- explain their richness and endemism. However, few ologists are familiar with the astonishing species rich- ecologists are familiar with the campo rupestre of cen- ness and endemism of the fynbos of the Cape Floristic tral and eastern Brazil, an extremely old mountaintop Region and the ancient and unique flora of the ecosystem that is both a museum of ancient lineages and kwongkan of south-western Australia. These regions a cradle of continuing diversification of endemic represent old climatically-buffered infertile landscapes lineages. Responsible Editor: Philippe Hinsinger. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11104-015-2637-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. F. A. O. Silveira (*) : Q. S. Garcia : T. J. Guerra : A. A. Conceição J. P. Lemos-Filho Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil Belo Horizonte, Brazil e-mail:
[email protected] T.