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D7q: Mistletoes and Forest Health 12:30 - 13:30 Tuesday, 1St October, 2019 Venue Poster Room - P14 Congress Theme D

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D7q: Mistletoes and Forest Health 12:30 - 13:30 Tuesday, 1St October, 2019 Venue Poster Room - P14 Congress Theme D D7q: Mistletoes and Forest Health 12:30 - 13:30 Tuesday, 1st October, 2019 Venue Poster Room - P14 Congress Theme D. Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and Biological Invasions Presentation Types Digital Poster Chair Tod Dr 12:30 - 12:37 D7q Hosts and distribution range of juniper dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium oxycedri) in the Crimean Peninsula Yuliya Krasylenko1,2, Oleg Kukushkin3 1Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Osipovskogo St., 2a, 04123, Kyiv, Ukraine. 2Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Molecular Biology, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic. 3Department of Herpetology, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation Abstract Juniper dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium oxycedri (DC.) M. Bieb; Viscaceae) is a semi-parasitic species parazitizing at the Crimean Peninsula Juniperus deltoides as a principal host, and J. excelsa and Platycladus orientalis as secondary ones. Basing on the detailed surveys on A. oxycedri range in 2013–2018 it was found that heterogenously distributed populations of hemi-parasite are confined predominantly to the Southern and South-East Coast, as well as to the South-Western Foothills, generally coinciding with the range of J. deltoides. According to Maxent modelling, A. oxycedri range is limited by such climatic factors as average temperature of the most humid and the driest seasons, precipitation of the driest month, and annual amplitude of temperatures (Krasylenko et al., 2017; Kukushkin et al., 2017). It is noteworthy that host infection pattern is patchy, since the heavily infested trees neighbour the completelely unaffected ones even within one mountain slope. Moreover, the sole J. deltoides trees parazitized by A. oxycedri were found at a distance of circa 0.5−1 km from the infected localities, probably, due to ornithochory. Exclusively negative impact of A. oxycedri on host at the Crimea is doubtful, since both components of host-parasite system are related to Quaternary refugia of thermophyllic plants and to this extent are relics. Currently, A. oxycedri dissemination rate is lower than the host one, its distribution is limited, and junipers lifespan in natural biotopes is compromized by multiple (a)biotic stress factors. Therefore, A. oxycedri ”behaves more like a hyena, then a wolf”, and is hardly a key factor of host decline. 12:38 - 12:45 D7q Effects of gap harvest on ectomycorrhizal fungal biodiversity and pine seedling growth Lill Eilertsen1, Anders Dahlberg2, Lina Nilsson1, Johanna Urzua1, Nicklas Samils3, Judith Felten1 1Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden. 2Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. 3Bergvik Skog AB, Falun, Sweden Abstract The majority of temperate and boreal forest trees live in symbioses with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). Considering the significance of EMF for forest soils, tree growth and health, their conservation is ecologically important. Clear-cutting, that is the predominant forest harvest practice in Sweden, strongly affects the presence and composition of EMF communities in soils. How fungi are affected by alternative harvesting and forest management strategies is debated. Here we focus on gap-harvest as an alternative harvesting practice using DNA amplicon sequencing, currently the most accurate technique to identify fungi in soil. We compare the effect of gap-size (35, 50, 70m/Ø) on seedling growth and EMF biodiversity in humus and mineral soil at an experimental site installed by Bergvik Skog AB in Middle Sweden. To provide both the forest industry as well as conservationists and scientific research with a more rapid and inexpensive method for fungal identification in soil samples, we are also developing a method using hand-held spectroscopic devices. To validate this method, results on sensitivity and specificity of fungal identification in soil samples, will be compared to data from DNA- amplicon sequencing. This has the potential to allow vast data acquisition on effects of forest management and harvesting practices on EMF biodiversity, as well as to enable routine measurements for matching EMF inoculum for nurseries to the EMF composition at sites of out-planting The long-term aim of this project is to provide novel tools and research-based guidelines for more sustainable forestry where EMF and their potential benefits are taken into account. 12:45 - 12:52 D7q Radial and axial variation on the wood structure of some ‘giant’ mistletoes: three species of Loranthaceae Victor Sibinelli, Luiza Teixeira-Costa, Gregório Ceccantini Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Abstract Mistletoes, from a hydraulic perspective, show one of the most interesting examples of xylem structure. These plants can develop a “chimeric sap transport system”, which comprises both host and parasite woods. At the connection site there is a complex structure generally called haustorium, that connects cells of host and parasite. Additionally, these parasites may cause an overload for the transport capacity, since they usually bear stomata in both leaf faces, which low gas exchange control. Therefore, the capacity to regulate and adjust the transport system is a key factor in determining the probability of survival of a parasitic plant. This work investigated whether and how the wood structure of some mistletoes varies within the stem topology. Three Loranthaceae species with variation in size and form, but all with relatively large dimensions were studied either radially or axially. Psittacanthus robustus is a woodrose-forming shrub with thick branches up to 3m long and 4 cm in diameter; Tripodanthus acutifolius, a lianescent/tree species that reaches several meters; and Struthanthus flexicaulis, a decurrent shrub with very flexible and long stems. Our data suggest that, at least the thickest calibre species (P. robustus and T. acutifolius) indeed reached a state of wood maturity. In the case of Struthanthus flexicaulis, our data suggest that one of two things might be occurring: i) there is a reduction on the mean vessel diameter, lowering the risk of cavitation; ii) there is an increase in the total vessel density, increasing the redundancy of the system 12:53 - 13:00 D7q Ectomycorrhizal community composition changes along to silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) phenological stages in Slovenia Tina Unuk, Domen Finžgar, Rok Damjanic, Tine Grebenc, Hojka Kraigher Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia Abstract The timing of leaf phenology is one of the most important characteristics for tree growth and survival. In most forest tree roots form symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi, however till date still little is known about effects of mycorrhizal fungi on tree phenology and vice versa. The aim of this study was to analyze ectomycorrhizal fungal community of silver fir and changes in abundance linked to phenology. The phenological stages of silver fir trees were followed weekly for two years, and along these, 5 soil cores per individual observed silver fir tree were analyzed for ectomycorrhizal symbionts, which were further identified using Sanger sequencing of an individual ectomycorrhizal morphotype. Analyzes of beta diversity between phenological stages revealed significant differences in the overall ectomycorrhizal community between dormancy and bud bursting, whereas there is an overlap between ectomycorrhizal community in dormancy and full needle expansion as well as between bud bursting and full needle expansion. Abundance analyzes of ectomycorrhizal species between phenological stages revealed higher abundances of Russula ochroleuca, Tomentella stuposa, Tomentella sublilacina and Tylospora fibrillosa during bud bursting, which are ectomycorrhizal species for which the presence of manganese peroxidase and/or laccase has already been suggested or confirmed. Our results indicate a need for more detailed analyzes of possible presence of mentioned enzymes, as well as any hormonal regulation among ectomycorrhizal species associated with bud burst and silver fir trees. The presentation contributes to the aims and means of the project LIFEGENMON (LIFE13 ENV/SI/000148). 13:00 - 13:07 D7q Effects of the parasitism of the mistletoe Struthanthus martianus (Loranthaceae) on the reduction of increment in Tipuana tipu (Leguminosae): evidence of a systemic effects by one single parasitized branch Evelyn Pereira Camargo, Eduardo Mineo Iegawa, Luiza Teixeira-Costa, Gregorio Ceccantini University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Abstract The mistletoe species Struthanthus martianus (Loranthaceae) is a generalist hemiparasite native to Brazil. Among its many host species, it is frequently observed to infest an urban tree species named Tipuana tipu (Leguminosae), originally endemic species to Northern Argentina Given to the clearly marked semi-porous growth rings, T. tipu is widely used in dendrochronological analyses. In the present study, we have analyzed the influence of the parasite S. martianus on the annual growth rates of T. tipu. From infested trees, both parasitized (PB) and non-parasitized branches (NPB) were sampled. Branches from non-infested trees (NIT) were also sampled and analyzed. Our results show that, despite the overall decrease in growth rates for all analyzed samples, during the five most recent rings, both PB and NPB a faster decrease in growth rates was detected, which was indicated by the slope of the adjusted growth curve. This recent decrease could
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