Lesson Five: Waterfalls Factsheet
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Ontario, Canada
ONTARIO, CANADA Featuring Niagara Falls July 19 - 30, 2019 Everyone knows Ontario for the Canadian side of Niagara Falls, but did you know that around 40% of Canada’s population lives in Ontario. Did you also know that Ontario is larger than France and Spain combined and it has over 250,000 lakes, which contains a fifth of the planet’s fresh water! Join us as we explore this amazing Canadian province and all it has to offer. Niagara Falls at Dusk DAY 1: Marshall, MN to Davenport, IA Relax and enjoy the scenery aboard your luxury motor coach as you make your way to Davenport, IA today. BW Plus Steeplegate Inn DAY 2: Davenport, IA to Windsor, Ontario Today will be a travel day as you journey to Ontario. Enjoy the stunning scenery of Ilinois, Indiana, and Michigan before crossing the border into Canada. Holiday Inn Express * Breakfast Included DAY 3: Windsor, Ontario to Niagara Falls, Ontario As you continue on to Niagara Falls, Ontario today, you’ll stop in Hamilton for a guided tour of the Dundurn Castle and Gardens. Your costumed guide will take you through the 40-room Italian-style villa that was built in the 1830’s by Sir Allan Napier MacNab, a railway magnate, lawyer and Premier of the United Canadas. You’ll hear stories about the family that lived there and the people who worked there to support their affluent lifestyle. At dusk, you’ll view Niagara Falls as it is transformed into an incredible, multi-colored water and light masterpiece. Comfort Inn Fallsview * Breakfast & Dinner Included DAY 4: Niagara Falls, Ontario to Toronto, Ontario Your day begins with a Niagara Falls guided tour. -
Of the American Falls at Niagara 1I I Preservation and Enhancement of the American Falls at Niagara
of the American Falls at Niagara 1I I Preservation and Enhancement of the American Falls at Niagara Property of t';e Internztio~al J5it-t; Cr?rn:n es-un DO NOT' RECda'dg Appendix G - Environmental Considerations Final Report to the International Joint Commission by the American Falls International Board June -1974 PRESERVATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF AMERICAN FALLS APPENDIX. G .ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph Page CHAPTER G 1 .INTRODUCTION G1 CHAPTER G2 .ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING . NIAGARA RESERVATION AND SURROUNDING REGION GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................... PHYSICAL ELEMENTS ..................................................................... GENERAL .................................................................................... STRATIGRAPHY ......................................................................... SOILS ............................................................................................ WATER QUALITY ........................................................................ CLIMATE INVENTORY ................................................................... CLIMATE ....................................................................................... AIR QUALITY .............................................................................. BIOLOGICAL ELEMENTS ................................................................ TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION ..................................................... TERRESTRIAL WILDLIFE ......................................................... -
Durham Dales Map
Durham Dales Map Boundary of North Pennines A68 Area of Outstanding Natural Barleyhill Derwent Reservoir Newcastle Airport Beauty Shotley northumberland To Hexham Pennine Way Pow Hill BridgeConsett Country Park Weardale Way Blanchland Edmundbyers A692 Teesdale Way Castleside A691 Templetown C2C (Sea to Sea) Cycle Route Lanchester Muggleswick W2W (Walney to Wear) Cycle Killhope, C2C Cycle Route B6278 Route The North of Vale of Weardale Railway England Lead Allenheads Rookhope Waskerley Reservoir A68 Mining Museum Roads A689 HedleyhopeDurham Fell weardale Rivers To M6 Penrith The Durham North Nature Reserve Dales Centre Pennines Durham City Places of Interest Cowshill Weardale Way Tunstall AONB To A690 Durham City Place Names Wearhead Ireshopeburn Stanhope Reservoir Burnhope Reservoir Tow Law A690 Visitor Information Points Westgate Wolsingham Durham Weardale Museum Eastgate A689 Train S St. John’s Frosterley & High House Chapel Chapel Crook B6277 north pennines area of outstanding natural beauty Durham Dales Willington Fir Tree Langdon Beck Ettersgill Redford Cow Green Reservoir teesdale Hamsterley Forest in Teesdale Forest High Force A68 B6278 Hamsterley Cauldron Snout Gibson’s Cave BishopAuckland Teesdale Way NewbigginBowlees Visitor Centre Witton-le-Wear AucklandCastle Low Force Pennine Moor House Woodland ButterknowleWest Auckland Way National Nature Lynesack B6282 Reserve Eggleston Hall Evenwood Middleton-in-Teesdale Gardens Cockfield Fell Mickleton A688 W2W Cycle Route Grassholme Reservoir Raby Castle A68 Romaldkirk B6279 Grassholme Selset Reservoir Staindrop Ingleton tees Hannah’s The B6276 Hury Hury Reservoir Bowes Meadow Streatlam Headlam valley Cotherstone Museum cumbria North Balderhead Stainton RiverGainford Tees Lartington Stainmore Reservoir Blackton A67 Reservoir Barnard Castle Darlington A67 Egglestone Abbey Thorpe Farm Centre Bowes Castle A66 Greta Bridge To A1 Scotch Corner A688 Rokeby To Brough Contains Ordnance Survey Data © Crown copyright and database right 2015. -
Doing Niagara Falls If You're Stuck on the American Side
Meiqianbao/ Shutterstock Doing Niagara Falls If You're Stuck on the American Side By Jason Cochran The legendary Niagara Falls, one of the greatest natural attractions in North America, straddles the border between Ontario, Canada, and New York State. In an ideal tourism situation, you'd be able to drive or stroll across the Rainbow International Bridge to enjoy the view from both banks of the Niagara River. But sometimes you just can't get over the border. Maybe you don't have enough time. Maybe your legal status won't allow it. Or maybe you happen to be living through a once-in-a-lifetime global pandemic that has sealed national borders. It's all good! If you're restricted to the U.S. side, you won't find yourself over a barrel. There's plenty to do. In fact, some of the best activities in the Niagara Falls area are on the American side. Pictured above: Terrapin Point, at right, juts into the eastern side of the Falls from Niagara Falls State Park in New York State. Niagara Falls State Park Niagara Falls State Park If we're being honest, the Canadian side has richer options for quality lodging and tourist amenities, although the stuff on that riverbank tends toward cheesy honky-tonk. New York's territory beside the Falls, on the other hand, has been preserved from development since the 1880s. In fact, the area is now the oldest state park in the United States. The more-than-400-acre Niagara Falls State Park, which is separated from the core of town by a breakaway river, is speckled with whitewater-spanning bridges, river islands, curving walkways, and native animals. -
Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Volume
MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ARTS AND PAPERS OF THE MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF LETTERS SCIENCE ARTS AND LETTERS EDITORS VOLUME XII EUGENE S. MCCARTNEY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN CONTAINING PAPERS SUBMITTED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING IN 1929 PETER OKKELBERG UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN (The papers in Botany and Zoölogy of the 1929 meeting appear in Volume XI.) UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN he annual volume of Papers of the Michigan 1930 T Academy of Science, Arts and Letters is issued All rights reserved under the joint direction of the Council of the Academy and of the Executive Board of the Graduate School of Copyright, 1930, BY GRADUATE SCHOOL, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN the University of Michigan. The editor for the Academy EDITOR, EUGENE S. MCCARTNEY is Peter Okkelberg; for the University, Eugene S. Set up and printed, McCartney. February, 1930 Published, March, 1930 Previous publications of The Michigan Academy of PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Science now known as The Michigan Academy of BY THE PLIMPTON PRESS · NORWOOD · MASS. Science, Arts and Letters, were issued under the title, Annual Report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Twenty-two volumes were published, of which those OFFICERS FOR 1929 numbered 1, 21 and 22 are out of print. Copies of the other volumes are still available for distribution and will President be sent on exchange so long as the editions last. W. H. WORREL Applications for copies should be addressed to the University of Michigan Librarian of the University of Michigan. Vice-President L. A. KENOYER Annual Reports embracing the proceedings of the Western State Normal College Academy will however, continue to be published. -
Waterfalls: Forms, Distribution, Processes and Rates of Recession
QUAESTIONES GEOGRAPHICAE 39(1) • 2020 WATERFALLS: FORMS, DISTRIBUTION, PROCESSES AND RATES OF RECESSION ANDREW S. GOUDIE School of Geography, Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Manuscript received: December 15, 2019 Revised version: February 2, 2020 GOUDIE A. S., 2020. Waterfalls: forms, distribution, processes and rates of recession. Quaestiones Geographicae 39(1), Bo- gucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Poznań, pp. 59–77. 8 figs, 3 tables. ABSTRACT: A waterfall is a very steep (commonly nearly vertical) fall of some magnitude in a river course. Waterfalls are widespread fluvial landforms that have been described from many parts of the world. Thirty-eight World Heritage Properties include waterfalls in their designation. In addition, some waterfalls are actual or potential geomorphosites. Waterfalls occur in almost all climatic environments, though they are particularly common in formerly glaciated areas. They occur on a huge diversity of rock types, although in general, they do not form persistent or large falls on soft or unconsolidated rocks. Waterfalls also occur in a wide range of geomorphological settings: glaciated areas, areas of ac- tive tectonism, areas of sea-cliff retreat and sea-level change, great escarpments on passive margins, basins with river capture, rifted and faulted areas and areas that have been subjected to megaflooding. Multiple processes account for waterfall retreat and varying rates of recession. Although the greatest interest has been in rates of waterfall recession, there are examples of waterfalls that prograde as a result of tufa deposition. KEY WORDS: waterfalls, caprock, knickpoints, plunge pools, tufa Corresponding author: Andrew Goudie, [email protected] Introduction distribution and rates of retreat. -
Downtown Neighborhood City of Niagara Falls: Phase I
Intensive Level Survey Historic Resources – Downtown Neighborhood City of Niagara Falls: Phase I 3.0 Historical Overview This section provides a narrative history of the City of Niagara Falls with specific emphasis on the Downtown neighborhood. The overview addresses significant trends and themes associated with the city’s historic context. The Downtown neighborhood’s period of significance is identified and examined in this chapter. Martin Wachadlo, architectural historian, conducted the background historic research. 3.1 Niagara County: Physiology and Geology Figure 3-1. Niagara Falls, Niagara Falls, New York Niagara County borders the southern shore of Lake Ontario in the extreme northwestern corner of New York State, and occupies part of the Huron and Ontario Plains. The Ontario Plain comprises part of Lake Ontario to the foot of the Niagara Escarpment1, and the Huron plain extends from the crest of the escarpment southward beyond the county line. The Niagara Escarpment begins in Watertown, New York, USA and extends westerly along the Manitoulin Island in the Province of Ontario, Canada. The escarpment continues through Wisconsin and Illinois. With geological material measuring 64-ft thick, the stratigraphy at Niagara Falls provides a glimpse into the overall rock types comprising the Niagara Escarpment (Figure 3-1). The top layer is Lockport Dolomite, a hard rock referred to as the "Lower Silurian Group." Below the top layer is Rochester Shale, which is much softer and wears away easily with the effects of erosion. Under the shale are harder strata of limestone and dolostone known as the "Clinton Group." Below the harder strata is Grimsby sandstone. -
September Gsat 03
GSA 2007 Annual Meeting Technical Program, p. 20 VOL. 17, No. 9 A PublicatioN Of the GeoloGical SoCiety Of AMeRica SePteMbeR 2007 Blue Nile incision on the Ethiopian Plateau: Pulsed plateau growth, Pliocene uplift, and hominin evolution Section Meetings Cordilleran and Rocky Mountain Joint Meeting, p. 49 Northeastern Section Meeting, p. 52 South-Central Section Meeting, p. 53 Penrose Conference Report, p. 55 Field Forum Report, p. 57 VoluMe 17, NuMbeR 9 SePteMbeR 2007 Cover: image (~40 × 20 km): 3-D perspective view (vertical exaggeration 5) of part of the Gorge of the Nile on the northwestern ethiopian Plateau (south of Mount Choke) generated by draping advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) image (7-3-1) over 15-m horizontal resolution ASTER digital elevation GSA TODAY publishes news and information for more than 20,000 GSA members and subscribing libraries. GSA Today model. trunk river (blue Nile) is flowing toward the lead science articles should present the results of exciting new viewer. Photo (~10 × 7 km): Section from the same research or summarize and synthesize important problems area, where the blue Nile deeply dissects Mesozoic or issues, and they must be understandable to all in the sandstones. See “blue Nile incision on the ethiopian earth science community. Submit manuscripts to science Plateau: Pulsed plateau growth, Pliocene uplift, and editors Stephen Johnston, [email protected], or David Fastovsky, hominin evolution,” by Gani et al., p. 4–11. [email protected]. GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173 USPS 0456-530) is published 11 times per year, monthly, with a combined April/May issue, by SCIENCE ARTICLE The Geological Society of America, Inc., with offices at 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado. -
Souvenir View Book of Niagara Falls.
SoiwenirWiew Bo6l{ of Kiiagara Falls .ov^ \ 273743 ^- LIBRARY BROCK UNIV£RSiT)t " " ' ^ ' '—T'ffiSg'?^?''*^ 'i^S^j Niagara Falls, New York lAGARA FALLS, the greatest natural wonder in the world, is sitiiated. about twenty-two miles from the beginning of the Niagara River at Lake Elrie and fourteen miles from where this river empties into Lake Onteirio. It is divided into two distinct falls known as th<5 American and Horseshoe Falls, by Goat Island, which is now a gov- ernment reservation. The American Fall is 1 67 feet high, 1 060 feet wide. Horseshoe Fall is 158 feet high and 3010 feet wide. It is estimated that 1 5,000,000 cubic feet of water pass over both falls each minute. The total fall of the Niagara River, from its source at Lake Erie to Lake Ontario is 336 feet, as follows: From Lake Erie to the brink of the faUs, 70 feet, at the falls. 161 feet, from the falls to Lake Ontario 105 feet. About twenty-two miles south of Niagara Falls, where the Niagara River leaves Lake Elrie, is located the city of BufiFalo. a prosperous, rapidly growing city, with a population of about 600,000. ns KSViiS^fatf^iiinSvuB'Si till ^ CROSSING THE GREAT WHIRLPOOL, NIAGARA FALLS, CANADA. AERO CABLE CAR Kapids mi.^beWwth^Fa^^^^ Tt^S?i« which oj^tf rTrf car span the .or^e above the Whirlpool 3 becomes a seathing. leaping, maddened torrent oi loan. tremendous flow of water is oonfined to a narrow space and wat«r. as', ^^^^^TwS J. -
Download Chapter In
Freshwater life Martyn G Kelly, Trevor D Cris, Ben Lamb and Brian Whitton Introduction Without the River Tees there would be no Teesdale and so, whilst much of the attention in this book is focussed on the plant and animal life in the fields and fells, we should not ignore either the river or the numerous tributary streams that feed it. Cow Green Reservoir, too, plays an important part in the story of Upper Teesdale, not just because of the ways in which it has altered the landscape and habitats in the upper valley, but also because the decision to impound the river precipitated many significant ecological studies and, ironically, raised the profile of the Teesdale rarities beyond a small band of botanical cognoscenti. The River Tees was the first British River to receive a detailed biological survey (by Butcher and colleagues in the mid-1930s). This was followed in the 1970s and 1980s by studies of the upper reaches of the main river and its tributaries by Durham University and the Freshwater Biological Association (later Institute of Freshwater Ecology and now Centre for Ecology and Hydrology). Since the previous edition of this book, further studies have investigated a wide range of factors including gravel, heavy metals, availability of salmonid spawning habitat and water colour. The upper tributaries of the Tees range from torrential streams, fed at times of peak flow mainly by surface run-off, to calcareous streams with some or much of their water from limestone springs. Those with the most water from springs are the ones which vary least in flow and have the highest calcium concentrations. -
Magazine Spring 2011 Plan Your Walk
magazine spring 2011 magazine spring 2011 Northern England Northern England 11/02/2011 12:43 03 Hebden Bridge, West Yorkshire 04 Teesdale, County Durham l Distance 11km/7 miles l Time 4hrs l Type Hill, woodland valley, open farmland l Distance 18km/11¼ miles l Time 6hrs l Type Valley and moorland NAVIGATION FITNESS NAVIGATION FITNESS 2 LEVEL 2 3 LEVEL 3 2 LEVEL 2 2/3 LEVEL 2/3 plan your walk plan your walk Forest and l WEST l Firth l Ettersgill YORKSHIRE Denholme Clough l HEBDEN Holwick BRIDGE CO.DURHAM TEESDALE Luddenden P Foot l N l Halifax l Kirkby Stephen TRO L l Cragg Vale l ORGA Sowerby AR B Bridge A Birkdale N l Melbecks EVE M l O T Ripponden l HY: FI HY: HY: S HY: P P Where: Circular walk Where: Circular walk from from Hebden Bridge via Bowlees via Cronkley Fell Heptonstall and Hardcastle and High and Low Force PHOTOGRA Crags. PHOTOGRA waterfalls. Start/end: St George’s The rugged moorland and deep, taking the L-hand track, marked Start/end: Bowlees Visitor The North Pennines, Britain’s 1. START The Bowlees Visitor Square, Hebden Bridge wooded valleys of the South ‘Private road‘. Pass a house on Centre car park (NY907283). second largest AONB, is one of Centre, housed in an old (SD992272). Pennines have long inspired your R and, just before a grassy terrain: Moorland and the most remote and unspoilt Methodist chapel, is worth a visit terrain: Mainly footpaths writers and poets, including the parking area, turn R on to a riverside path. -
County Durham Countryside Directory for People with Disabilities Open
County Durham Countryside Directory for People with Disabilities Second edition Whatever your needs, access to and enjoyment of the countryside is rewarding, healthy and great fun. This directory can help you find out what opportunities are available to you in your area. Get yourself outdoors and enjoy all the benefits that come with it… Foreword written by Tony Blair Open This directory was designed for people with a disability, though the information included will be useful to everyone. The Land of the Prince Bishops has some of the most stunning landscapes in Britain. From its high Pennine moorland in the west to the limestone cliffs of its North Sea coastline in the east, County Durham boasts an impressive variety of landscape for you to explore. Upper Teesdale, in the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, is home to England's highest waterfall, High Force. At Barnard Castle, on the banks of the Tees, you can explore the romantic ruins which gave the town its name, as well as the sumptuous Bowes Museum and the medieval Raby Castle with its majestic deer park. For people interested in wildlife and conservation there is much that can be done from home or a local accessible area. Whatever your chosen form of countryside recreation, whether it’s joining a group, doing voluntary work, or getting yourself out into the countryside on your own, we hope you will get as much out of it as we do. There is still some way to go before we have a properly accessible countryside. By contacting Open Country or another of the organisations listed here, you can help to encourage better access for all in the future.