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INTERPRETATION of JIHAD in the QUR`AN By: M.Yusuf Yahya the Lecturer of IAI Al Muslim Bireuen, Aceh Email: [email protected]

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INTERPRETATION of JIHAD in the QUR`AN By: M.Yusuf Yahya the Lecturer of IAI Al Muslim Bireuen, Aceh Email: Yusuf.Yahya58@Yahoo.Com INTERPRETATION OF JIHAD IN THE QUR`AN By: M.Yusuf Yahya The Lecturer of IAI Al Muslim Bireuen, Aceh Email: [email protected] Abstract There are a lot of meanings given by the experts about jihad. In board outline, jihad means the war against the enemies, the exertion of every capability and every power as well as the upholding of the truth. In the contemporary context, jihad means an intensive effort of one or a group for the public purpose that could improve a certain realm in a certain region, such as the elimination of terrorism and the abolition of poverty in Indonesia. The context of jihad in the Qur`an verses even one verse does not point deliberately to the war with the exception of a country is colonized or it is under attack. It neither points to the violence nor the terrorism. The research of this article is intended to strengthen the meaning of jihad due to various sorts of terrorism that happen in Indonesia, as a result of the inquiry and the case trial in court conducted to the perpetrators, they are occasionally influenced with jihad doctrine and revenge versus forgiveness. In another part, the psychological indications such as frustration, disappointment, injustice, anger versus empathy are the factors that lead to their violent acts too. Unfortunately, the terrorism is propagated in various regions that are made as the basic training camps. The research of this article depicts the meaning of Jihad based on the Qur`an. The data for completing this work is based on the classic manuscripts and the contemporary viewpoints. The research of this work is also intended to stress on the denial of terrorism in the Qur`an. In academic value, the research of this work is expected to be useful to develop the contemporary perspectives of jihad. Keywords: Jihad, quranic verses, truth, forgiveness, psychological indications. A. Introduction the term “Jihad” as a word referring to Jihad in common belief commonly the war. The war in mean of Jihad must refers to the term “war”. That is to say, me historically overviewed. Once the the term “jihad” has been distorted in war goes to end, jihad in “war” must go ambiguous meanings. In Islam, Jihad has to end too. The war could be conducted a lot of meanings: wars, exerting all under oppression circumstance or efforts, obstacle, strive in Allah’s cause colonization. The terrorism often by means of materials and souls. The happens in Indonesia as a result of problem is that the term Jihad has been misinterpretation of jihad. The judged commonly as a sort of war. Islam researcher argues the term Jihad that has been revealed as a religion means war without understanding the conveying the peace upon the human historical context of war permission. In beings. Unfortunately, a little addition, the researcher would like to community of Islam has misinterpreted strengthen the true meaning of jihad Vol. I No. 02, November 2015 based on both Alquran and classic # #AI "A R? Q+ manuscripts. # Q+ I ; T?U2 SS J B. Discussion L: Q+ I Q+ I ?+ V 1. The Significance of Jihad "A + 1 ; " #$ 3 "A SS K$ The term of Jihad in actual fact has + 1 0 -< ; Y9, 5XJ WE 34 numerous significances. It depends on ; , 534 M "A *O2 *OI2 the interpreter’s manner and his intention to construe the meaning of Jihad. That is + ? + :IZ &'% 1 0 B7 to say, that the term of Jihad has a good ; ! 2(), 534 M "A *2 *I2 quality side of the construed meaning. + ;*4 34G 34 "4[ ! 0-C On the contrary, it is interpretable as an Q+ *\]G2 + $ \ *\]+2 awful sense. Alternatively, the 34G 34 "4[ ! 4 O$ researcher just intends to construe the /*O:2 *O''2 = O + ;*4 lawful significance of Jihad, which it ^ C88B 9I & &9 * 2, corresponds to the true meaning and it is based on both textual and contextual 0 77B . 77> understanding of Qur`an, hadis The aforementioned text, as Abu al- (tradition), and the Islamic scholars’ Qasim al-Husain interprets the literal viewpoints. meaning of jihad: Jahada: al-jahdu and Jihad literally means, as it is al-juhdu means the power (might) and according to Abu al-Qasim al-Husain: the obstacle, it is said al-jahdu means an ; obstacle, al-juhdu generally signifies to a sort of struggle dedicated to the mankind. &' &' % ; " #$ ! Allah said: wallaîna lâ yajidûna illa /0-. ; , *+ () ' () juhdahum (as well as such as can find 5* '2 34 2 1 " #$ ! nothing to give except the fruits of their 0 0 >;;=:, 0 ;<; 9:, 0 78. ; 6 #2(), labor, or the results of their works (at- F49 "A 4E D2 0 BC;?@ A, Taubah : 79), Allah said: wa aqsamû billâhi jahda aimânihim (they swear their J () /*# "A I H42 "4G 3 $2 ' 2 strongest oaths by Allah), al-An’âm: 109, ! ' 9$ !%M L: %K2 an-Nal: 38, an-Nûr: 53, Fâir: 42, or they J P?O 3M#$2 3$2 "'=2 N swear and they struggle in their vow to 156 Interpretation of Jihad Vol. I No. 02, November 2015 give something of theirs at large as their line with hands (benefit action) and labor. Meanwhile, al-ijtihâd signifies to tongue (oral actions), as the Messenger one’s exert of his great effort to said, which means: “Do strive to invite contribute his strength, as well as he is the Disbelievers with your hand (action) burdened with hindrance, it is uttered: “I and with your tongue (oral action).” struggle with my mind and I contribute We must admit historically that the all the knowledge and full of results of battle could be the one of Jihad types. what I’ve thought as hard as I could.” However, the battle is actually Jihad and mujâhadah signify to distinctive to the term “Jihad”. In Muslim’s exerting to defend from Qur`an, the term that is frequently enemies’ attack. Jihad has three sorts: applied to state the character of battle the resistance of the visible enemies, the such as “qatala” (battle) appears struggle against syaiân (evils) as the amounting to 67 terms, for instances: invisible enemies and the resistance Q.S. 2:190, 244; Q.S. 4:74-76, 84; Q.S. toward one’s self and his soul. These 2:195, 261-262; Q.S. 4:89; Q.S. 8:60, three aspects contain in one verse wa 72-74; Q.S. 9:19-20; Q.S. 2:154; Q.S. jâhidû fillâhi aqqa jihâdihi (and strive 3:157-158, 169; Q.S. 3:158, 169, in His cause as you ought to strive (with 195,etc. (Syaifuddin Zuhri : 4. See also: sincerity and under discipline), al-Hajj: Fuâd ‘Abd Al-Bâqi, 1364 H, 533-536). 78), wa jâhidû bi amwâlikum wa Meanwhile, the term of Jihad which anfusikum fi sabîlillâh (at-Taubah : 41): is stated in al-Qur`an amounts to 41 “And strive and struggle, with your terms, which five of them means ”vow goods and your souls in the cause of constancy”, the ten ones signify to Allah, Innallaîna âmanû wahâjarû ”war”, whereas the remaining ones wajâhadû bi amwâlihim wa anfusihim fi signify to the best effort to accomplish sabîlillâh: “Those who believed, and Allah’s commands, in behaving the adopted exile, and fought for the Faith, goodness, and the bravery of delivering with their property and their persons, in the truth or even it is accompanied with the cause of Allah…” (al-Anfâl : 72). the courage to sacrifice one’s self The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon including by mean of war. Although, Him) said, which means: “Do resist according to Chirzin, the word “Jihad” against your passions (evil intention) as in verb (fi’l) or noun (ism) is mentioned well as you resist your enemies, and amounting to 35 words, publicized at mujâhadah could be accomplished in fifteen surah. Some of Jihad verses Interpretation of Jihad 157 Vol. I No. 02, November 2015 revealed in Makkah period are: al- assist each other, and for hijrah Furqân: 52, an-Nal : 110, al-‘Ankabût : (migration) etc, while the second is to 6, 69 (Muhammad Chirzin, 2006 : 48). leave sincerely everything they (Prophet In a number of the Islamic scholars’ and Companions) had behind for the viewpoints, Jihad was historically land (due to hijrah or battle). interpreted as the intensive effort to fight (Muhammad Rasyid Ridha, 1947 : 122). against enemies at the war, as it was Sayyid Quthb stated that jihad is: conducted by the Prophet Muhammad “A duty must be undertaken by Muslim and the Companions, and which was community until the number of enemy aimed to the defensive action and becomes more multiplied than the publicizing the true revealed religion of previous number. They must believe in Islam at that time. For instance, Dr. M. Allah’s help and no need to wait for the Sa’id Ramadhan al-Buthy with his number balance of each troop.” (Sayyid framework: Quthb : 1538). In Syarh ‘Inâyah âlibîn, 3= F\ 3 F\ 6() "A J jihad is “a collective duty for all years (al-Jihâdu fi al-Islâm: Kaifa like devotion to religion and Shari’a nafhamuhu wa kaifa numârisuhu). sciences, and the instruction of It is concluded that “jihad” signifies to a conducting good things.” (Al-Jami’ah: battle, an oral expression / proselytizing Journal of Islamic studies, Yogyakarta: (da’wah bi al-lisân) to urge someone to UIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2003 : 336). the goodness, and an attack circumstance A further point, the researcher wants against someone who refutes the to emphasize on several responses of the admission that Allah as God and Lord contemporary Islamic scholars (Said Ramadhan al-Buthy 2001 : 10).
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