Shades of Australia in Vineyards of Mendoza

VITICULTURE Shades of Australia in

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form a magnificent dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd many sub-regions. North, East and dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd

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backdrop to the vineyards of dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd Central regions are the warmest with

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Mendoza. But, in many other dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd 2,000 to 2,220 growing-season day dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd

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respects, the landscape has similarities dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd degrees . The North region (altitude

dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd with the inland regions of Australia adja- dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd 550–750 metres) includes the sub-regions

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cent to the River Murray. Mendoza dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd of Las Heras and Lavalle. The East region dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd

dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd province produces more than 70% of dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd (640 to 750 metres) contains the highest

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Argentina’s wine. Since 1990 the vineyard dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd yielding vineyards: sub-regions include dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd

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area has remained relatively constant dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd San Martin, Junin, Rivadavia, Santa Rosa

dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd (around 144,000 ha), but 20 years ago the dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd and La Paz. The Central region

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area was much larger (255,000 ha). The dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd (750–1,060 metres) includes Luján de

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sponsored ‘vine pull’ scheme. In 1999 dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd Guaymallen. The South region (450–800 dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd

dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd Mendoza produced 1.56 million tonnes of dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd metres), including San Rafael and General

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grapes. There is a strong Italian influence dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd Alvear, is intermediate with respect to dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd

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in the wine industry and this is the result of dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd temperature (1,980 growing season day

dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd several waves of immigration over the past dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd degrees). The Uco Valley, which includes

dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd 150 years. In Argentina as a whole, less than Tupungato, Tunuyán and San Carlos, is 10% of vineyard area comprises vines younger than eight the coolest region (1,776 growing season day degrees) with years and more than 50% of the area is 25 years or older: this the highest vineyards (900 to 1,200 metres). The East is indicative of the lack of new vineyard development in region is the largest with 41% of the vineyard area followed recent times. by Central (22%), South (20%), North (11%) and Uco (6%). The city of Mendoza is located 1,040 kilometres west of The climate is dominated by the presence of the Andes Buenos Aires at 32.48 latitude. It is a very pleasant city with which create a very pronounced rain shadow on their eastern wide, tree-lined streets, large plazas and a distinctly side. Average annual rainfall is only 200 mm, with most rain European feel. The city was founded in 1561, but irrigated falling in summer. However, there is some variation between agriculture practised by the Huarpe Indians predates that regions: for example, North and East have the lowest rainfall by many centuries. The highest mountain in South America, (133–152 mm) with the South and Uco Valley having the high- Mt Aconcuga (7,021 metres), lies to the west of the city. est (350 mm). The climate is very continental, with hot sum- The province has five distinct wine regions 1, each with mers (days up to 40°C) and cold winters. Sunshine hours are high and relative humidity is low. Temperature differences between regions and sub-regions are mainly a consequence of altitudinal variation. The risk of fungal diseases is relatively low due to lack of growing season rainfall. Frost risk is also relatively low. The main hazard to economic viticulture is hail: thunderstorms formed over the Andes in summer can drop golf-ball sized hailstones. As a result, hail nets are used extensively and many vineyards have large permanent struc- tures to support the hail nets. Typical growing season length (budburst to harvest) is five months. Most vineyards are found on flat land. Evapotranspiration is very high and consequently vineyards must be irrigated. Water is sourced either from rivers or bores. The latter are only 60 to 200 metres deep and many are artesian. Water quality from bores is good. Parral with furrow irrigation (Santa Rosa) Irrigation in the region is mostly flood or furrow (95% of the

60 WINE INDUSTRY JOURNAL > V O L 15 N O 6 > NOVEMBER – DECEMBER 2000 VITICULTURE

Vineyards of the World MENDOZA, ARGENTINA

Peter Dry

New vineyard in Tupungato area): this system is very labour intensive and is said to account for 60% of the vineyard labour costs. Many of the new vineyards, particularly in the Tupungato sub-region, are using drip irrigation. Phylloxera is present in the province but a high proportion of vines are grown on their own roots—it is said that the deep light-textured soils plus the flood irrigation reduces the potential impact of the pest. The main rootstocks currently used in new vineyards are 110 Richter, 1103 Paulsen, and SO4 with lesser amounts of 101.14, 3309 and 420A. Approximately 50% of winegrape production comprises pink-skinned varieties (Criolla Grande and Cereza) used for bulk wine and distillation; this proportion is declining. The Permanent hail nets (Luján de Cuyo) proportion of red grapes (currently 30%) is on the increase: the main varieties in order of production are Bonarda (this frost protection and is high yielding (30 to 40 t/ha). Vine may be the same as Charbono of California), Malbec, density is 1,600 to 2,000 vines per hectare. Both cane and Tempranillo (called Tempranilla here), Cabernet Sauvignon, spur pruning are used according to the variety, e.g. Bonarda Sangiovese, Merlot, and Shiraz (Syrah). The remainder are is typically pruned to 100 nodes per vine with four canes white winegrapes: Pedro Gimémez (not the same as Pedro and four spurs. Most other varieties are spur-pruned. For Ximenez), Torrontés 3, Chenin Blanc, Trebbiano (called Ugni higher quality wines the yield will typically be lower, e.g. Blanc here), Chardonnay, Semillon and Tocai Fruilano in 12 t/ha for Cabernet Sauvignon. There is almost no mecha- order of production. The area of Chardonnay is increasing, nisation of pruning or harvest at the present time. The cost particularly in Tupungato. Ninety per cent of Argentina’s of hand labour is very low. Malbec is grown in Mendoza. The Luján de Cuyo sub-region is located on the Mendoza The traditional trellis system of the province is a type of river, just to the south of Mendoza city. It was the first in pergola up to two metres high called parral. More than 50% Argentina to have controlled appellation status (1993). of the vineyard area currently uses this system. It has the Vineyards are found on flat land at an altitude of 800 to advantage that it is easy to hand harvest, provides some 1,100 metres. Soils are friable loams of alluvial origin, often

WINE INDUSTRY JOURNAL > V O L 15 N O 6 > NOVEMBER – DECEMBER 2000 61 VITICULTURE

with a high stone content. This sub-region has the reputa- kilometres south of Mendoza city. Many of the vineyards tion for producing the best Malbec wine in Argentina. are recent developments and there is a large amount of for- Malbec has been grown in Argentina for centuries and it is eign investment. Altitude ranges from 900 to 1,400 metres. the most important variety in Argentina, from the point of Climatically it is cooler than Luján de Cuyo with greater view of wine quality. It is certainly the most recognisable diurnal variation. The main varieties are Chardonnay, variety in the export market. Semillon and Chenin Blanc for white wines and Malbec, In recent times Malbec has been through a similar histo- Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo, Merlot, Barbera and ry to that of Shiraz in Australia: low prices in the 1970s and Sangiovese for reds. A new large vineyard development has 1980s saw the planted area of Malbec in Argentina decrease planted mainly Chardonnay, Malbec and Cabernet from 50,000 ha to 10,000 ha in 1990, just as the potential of Sauvignon on a VSP trellis with 1.8 metre rows and drip irri- the variety in the export market was becoming apparent. gation. Although they probably have some of the best genetic material of this variety in the world, only mass selection has DR PETER DRY is a senior lecturer in the Department of been used until now. A new program on clonal selection has Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, The University of recently been started in this region by INTA (the govern- Adelaide. ment research organisation). The best Malbec vineyards have the espaldera trellis: this ACKNOWLEDGMENT is a vertical system with a single fruiting wire at 0.6 to 0.9 Some of the information used in this article was provided by metres, and three to four fixed foliage wires up to 1.8 Hector Scarsi, Carlos Tizio and Jorge Perez Peña. metres. Shoots are manually tucked between foliage wires. Cane pruning with 2, 6 to 8 node canes plus replacement REFERENCES spurs is most common: canes are slightly arched. Row × vine 1 Foix, A. and Buzzi, F.V. (2000). Argentina: Vineyards, Wineries and Wines. Morgain International Ltd. spacing is 1.8 × 1.2 metres. If warranted, summer pruning is 2 These are day degrees (base 10°C)—at the time of writing, this was the only carried out in November and December. Malbec is typical- temperature index available. 3 This variety appears to be unique to Argentina. There are several variants, ly harvested in late March at 24º Brix. some with an aromatic character similar to Muscat. It does not appear to be The Tupungato sub-region is located approximately 70 the variety with the same name from Galicia, Spain.

Canopy Management Systems using Vocol Trellis Kits

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cQddddddddddddgdchfdd ddddddScdccdeddgddfcdddScf

cxdddddHwchedchfdd ddddddrcdccdeddgddddecdddrcf

dc dchfdd dcddddedccdeddgddddecdddg

dc dchfdd dcddddedccdedd sdg

ctdc dchfdd ddddddedccdeddgddddhf

cddc dchfdd Qdddddedccdeddgddddhf

dc dchfdd cdddddedccdedd

cUdc dchfdd Udddddedccddddd

cddc dchfdd ddddddedccddddShfcdTg

cddc dchfdd ddddddedccdd@hfcddAg

cddc dchfdd dcddddedccddchddddecdh

cddc dchfdd dcddddedccdddTgQddrecddg

cddc dchfdd QdddddedccddddIgcddcecdddg

cddc dchfdd RddcdedccdddddgUddchf

cddc dchfdd cdddedccd9ddgdddcecdddg

cdddedccdcxdSgdddcecdddg

cddc dchfdd PRICES: 5 slot 650mm $2.14 each + GST cddc dchfdd cdddedccdedrgdcdcecdddg

cddc dchfdd cdddedccddddcgdddcecdddg

cddc dchfdd cdddedccdRdcgdddcecdddg

cddc dchfdd cdddedccdhedcdchf

cddc dchfdd cdddedccdhedddchf

cddchecPddddchfdd cdddedccdhedddchf

cddche8dHwcdchfdd cdddedccdhedddcecPdg

cQdvhc8dectdchfdd cdddedccdhedddcecUddg

c9Aucg8dddTc8dchfdd cdcdedccdhedcdcecdddg

RddTuecy8dHcRddddchfdd cdddedctdhedddcecdddg

dd cddded8Shedddcecdddg

csRdddddHw 6 slot 780mm $2.42 each + GST dd cdddctddH cdddg

dd cd8@w

Qd cdd@c

cyPdddddddT xd cddr

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csRHcRddH dd cddddddddddcdc cddcdcddcdedv

cddcdcdddddcdd 7 slot 910mm $2.69 each + GST

cddI QUANTITY DISCOUNTS

cddd

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c8@wchcs9ddc cdddAu

cUdrhf9dv yPdddddddddTuc

cddchfcxdd cyPdddHdRddddddd

cddc dr cyPdddHwedcfcs9d

cddvhfctdc ddddHwfdcgxd

cddAuchey8dc ddhdcgcd

cddddTucgyPdddc ddhdcgcd

cdcsRdddTcPddddHwcdc ddhdcgcd

cdecsRddddddHwcedc dd cdfyPdTch

cd dc ddgyPdTucfcdeyPddddIch

cd dcecyPddddc ddecyPddddddddTuccddddddHddch

cd dccyPddddddc QdcyPddHwcdcsRdddddddddHwccddch

cd ddddddHwcddc ddddHwcedcecsRdddHwfcddch

td ddddHwecddc cdddHwgdc cddch

c8d d@wcfcddc cddchdcgddgcddch Foliage Wire Clips for Steel Posts cUdd drgcddc cddchdcgddgcddch

tddd dcgcddc tddchdcgddcPTccddch

Uddd dcgcddc UddchdcgddcUddIccddch

dddd dccPddccddc dddchdcgddcddddctddch

dddd dccUdddccddc ctdddchdcgddcdddd8ddch

dddd dccddddccdSc y8dddchdcgddcddddddhe PRICE: 28c each or $250/1000 dddd dccddddddHchfyPdddddchdcgddcddcedAch

cyPdddcd dccdRddhfcyPdddHwcddchdcgddcddPdddIch

yPdddddddd dccdecddddcgcPdddHwecddchdcgddcdddd@ddch

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cdddHwfcddd dccddddccddcgcddrgcdd8dHdddddcgddcddddccddch # allows conversion of existing post cddcgcddd dccddddccddcgcddcgcddddcctdddddcgddcddddccddch

cddcgcddd dccddddccddcgcddcgcddddcy8dddcdcgddcddddccddch

cddcgcddd dccddddccddcgcddcgcddddddddddcdcgddcddddccQdch

cdScgcddd dccddddccddcgcddcgcddRddHwcedcgddcddddcedch

cdrccEecddd dccdddSccddcgcddccPdecddchdcgddcQddSccddch

cdecUdIecddd dccdddrccddcgcddccUddecddcgctdcgddcRHcedch

cdecdcdecddd dccdddecddcgcddccdddecddcgcUdcgddgcUdch

cdecdcdecddd dcgcddcgcddccdddecddcgcQdcgddgcddch

cdecdddecddd dcgcddcgcQdddHdecddchdcgddgcddch

cdddddddecddd dcgcddcgc9decdecdScgcUdcgddgcddch

cddddcddecdddhecyPddcdcgcddchdddddecdhcddcgddgtddch

cdddddecdddhedddddcdcgcddcgcdd@dddecddcgcddcgddfcy8dSch vineyards into Scott Henry system

cdddddddecdddheddddcdcgcdScgcddrcdddecdrcgcddcgddecyPddHch

cd@wcdddecdddheddddcdcfyPd@cgcddccQddecdgyPdddddddTucddPddHwhf

cdrccdddecdddheQddddcdceyPddHhcddccRdecdecyPddHwcesRddddddddHwhg

cdecdddecdddheRHwedddddHwchecddcgcddddddHwchcs9d@w

cdhcddd ddHw cddcgcdddHwfcddcgxdrc

cdhcddd dc cddcgcddcgcddcgcdvc

cdhcddd dc cddcgcddcgcddcgcdIc

cdhcddd ctdc cddcgcddcgcddcgcdSc

cdhcddS cUdc cddcgcddcgcdScgcdrc

cdhcddr cddc cddcgtddcgcdhcdvc

cdhcddc cddc cddcfcy8ddcgcdIcgcdIc # attaches to existing holes in post by a small bolt

cdhcddc cddc cddcecyPddddcgcddcgcddc

cdgyPdddc cddc cddcyPddHwcddcgcddcgcdSc

cdecyPddHwcdc cddc cQddddHwecddcgcdScgcd

cdPdddHwcedcfcPdgcddc cRHwcfcddcgcdrcgcdIc

cdddHwgdceddc8ddcddcecddc cddcgcdhcdSc

dccgddhddcddc cddcgcdhcdrc

dPHwchecddc cddcgcdhcdvc

dd`chfcddc cddcgcdhcddc

dS cddc cddcgcdhcdrc

dc tdSc cddcgcdhcd

cddcgcdhcd

dAchec8@c # pre-slotted ready to take moveable foliage wires QdAuhey8@ cddcgcdhcd

RdddTucecyPddHc cddcgcdhcd

csRddddddddHwc cddcgcdhcd

cddc cd

cddcfPdddTucfcd

cddcecy8dHcRdddddTucd

cddPdddHwecsRdHc9ddS

cdddd@wcheRH

cQdd@

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cddddddddddcddTcddddd cddddTcPdddTcPdddddddc

cdcddd@dddcdddAddddd cddcddddRddddcddcdrc

cdddddedddcdddddddccd cdddddddecdddcddIcdvc

cd9ddAdddcdddddddddd cddccddddddHdddddcddc cddccdcRdHwccddddd

cdcRdddHcRdHcdcRddddd PUQ or Lyre Trellis PRICE: $15.20 each + GST

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cddddddddccddd cUddcddI

dcecddctddd cddScddd

cUdcecddcUddd cddcddd

cQdcecQddddd cddddddS

dcfddddd tddcddr

cUdcecdddcQddvc UddcUddc

cddcecxddcxddIc ddScdddc

cddcfddedddc ddrcdddc

cddcfddedddc ddedddc

cddcfddedcdc ctddedddc

cddcfddctdddc cdddctddSc

cddcfdd8dddc dd8ddrc

cUd9ddd

cddcfdddddddc Vocol “U” Trellis Kit cddcfQddccddv cddcxddd

cddcfxddccddI tddccddd

cddcfcddccddd UddctddS

cddcfcddvcddd dddcUddr

cddcfcddIcddd ddScdddc

cddcfcdddcddd ddrcdddc

cddcfcQddcddd ddedddc

cddcfcxddddddvc ctddvcddSc

cddcgddddddIc cUddAddrc

cddcgddcdddc cdddddd

cddScdcd cddcgddIcdcdc # pre-welded crossarm attaches to wood or steel posts # extenders bolt to crossarm

dddcdddc cddrcddd

dddddddTucgdddcdddv tddctddS

ddddddddddddddTdddcdddI UddcUddr

ddddddddddddddd@ddccdd dddcdddc

ddddddddddddddHcddc8dd cPdddddTu dddcdddc

cdd8ddd cUd@wcsRdddc ddddddSc

cdddddd tddrfcddc ctddddddrc

dcgcdddcddd UddceyPdddc cUddcddd

dcgcdddcdddvc dddddddddddc cdddcddd

dcgcQddcQddIc ddgcddc cdddcddd

ddgcddc cddScdcd dcgcxddcxdddc # provides for moveable foliage wires # compact for transport

dchddedcdceddddfcddTcdTucyPdceddgcddc cddrcddd

dchddctdddceddddcddccdddIcdddddddceddgcddv cddctddS

dchdd8dddveddddcddccddddcdddddddceddgcddAcdcPdddcdddddddTchtdd8ddr

dchdddddddI dSceddgcddddddddddcxdddddddIchUddddddc

dchddd9dddeddddddcdddTcPdTcdc8dceddgcddddddddddccddddddddchddedddc

dchQddcdddeddddddcdddddddddddddddeddgcddc ddvcdcdc

dchxdddddddeddddddddddddddddddddddeddgcddc ctddAdddc

dchcdddcdcd csdcRdddedddddddddddc cUddddddSc

dchcdddddd dddddddddddc cddddddrc

dchcddddddvc dddddcdddddc cdddddd

dddddddddddc tddcQdddhfdddddTcPddddddhe dchcddddddIc # kit contains all components, screws and bolts # simple assembly

dchcdddcQdddc dddddddddddc cy8ddccdddhfdddddddddddddShe

dchcQddcxdcdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddcdcdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddcUdddcddddddTcfsRddHwsRddHhe

ctdchcxddedcdc sdcRdddddddcdcdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddcdddScddHwccdAcdu

cUdddddddddddcddctdddc dddcdcdc dddcdddrgcddddddddddddddddddddddddcf

cQdchedd8dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddcdcdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddcgcdddddddddddddd9ddddddddcf

cxdchedddddddd dddddcdcdddcgsdcdcRddddddddddddddddddSc sRdddcRdddddddcf

dchedddcdddd dddddddddddc cdddcdddrc

dcheQddddddd ddddcdddddc cddddddd

dcheRdHwc ddddAdcdddc sRdddd

dchcd dRddddddddc

dcgcddc dc

dchcd # can be varied to suit customer requirements

dchcd dcgcddc dc

dc dcgcddc dc

dchcddddTuchdTcPddTuhedcgcddc dc

dchcddddddddddddcedddddddddddddddc9ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddc

dchcdwchfdddddddddddddddc9d@cRdddddddddddddddddddddddHwsRddHwcecsRddc

dc dddddddddddddddccxdrgcddc dc

dc dcgcddc dc

dc dcgcddc

dcgcddc

dddddddddTuc dcgcddc

dddddddddddddddd dcgcddc

sRdd dcgcddc

dcgcddc

dc dcgcddc

dcgcddc

dc by VOCOL ENGINEERING PTY LTD

dc dcgcddc

dc dcgcdSc

dc ctdcgcdrc

dc cUdcgcd

dc cddcgcd

ctdc cddcgcd

cddddd cdddddddddddddddddTu cddddddddddddddHcRdddc Acacia Avenue, Port Macquarie # Phone (02) 6581 0968 # Fax (02) 6581 1277

62 WINE INDUSTRY JOURNAL > V O L 15 N O 6 > NOVEMBER – DECEMBER 2000