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Pocket Guide to Clinical Microbiology
4TH EDITION Pocket Guide to Clinical Microbiology Christopher D. Doern 4TH EDITION POCKET GUIDE TO Clinical Microbiology 4TH EDITION POCKET GUIDE TO Clinical Microbiology Christopher D. Doern, PhD, D(ABMM) Assistant Professor, Pathology Director of Clinical Microbiology Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Medical College of Virginia Campus Washington, DC Copyright © 2018 Amer i can Society for Microbiology. All rights re served. No part of this publi ca tion may be re pro duced or trans mit ted in whole or in part or re used in any form or by any means, elec tronic or me chan i cal, in clud ing pho to copy ing and re cord ing, or by any in for ma tion stor age and re trieval sys tem, with out per mis sion in writ ing from the pub lish er. Disclaimer: To the best of the pub lish er’s knowl edge, this pub li ca tion pro vi des in for ma tion con cern ing the sub ject mat ter cov ered that is ac cu rate as of the date of pub li ca tion. The pub lisher is not pro vid ing le gal, med i cal, or other pro fes sional ser vices. Any ref er ence herein to any spe cific com mer cial prod ucts, pro ce dures, or ser vices by trade name, trade mark, man u fac turer, or oth er wise does not con sti tute or im ply en dorse ment, rec om men da tion, or fa vored sta tus by the Ameri can Society for Microbiology (ASM). -
Level I Syllabus
LEVEL I SYLLABUS 1 ACDT Course Learning Objectives Upon Completion, Those Enrolled Will Be MODULE Prepared To... The Language of Dermatology 1. Define and spell the following cutaneous lesions/descriptors: a. Macule b. Patch c. Papule d. Nodule e. Cyst f. Plaque g. Wheal h. Vesicle i. Bulla j. Pustule k. Erosion l. Ulcer m. Atrophy n. Scaling o. Crusting p. Excoriations q. Fissures r. Lichenification s. Erythematous t. Violaceous u. Purpuric v. Hypo/Hyperpigmented w. Linear x. Annular y. Nummular/Discoid z. Blaschkoid aa. Morbilliform bb. Polycyclic cc. Arcuate dd. Reticular Collecting & Documenting Patient History Part I 1. Describe the importance of documentation and chart review, while properly collecting dermatologyspecific medical history components, including: a. Chief Complaint b. Past Medical History c. Family History d. Medications e. Allergies Collecting & Documenting Patient History Part II 1. Demonstrate the proper collection of dermatologyspecific medical history and explain the significance of the following: a. Social History b. Review of Systems c. History of Present Illness Anatomy 1. Spell and document the following directional indicators while applying them to the appropriate anatomical landmarks: a. Proximal/Distal b. Superior/Mid/Inferior c. Anterior/Posterior d. Medial/Lateral e. Dorsal/Ventral 2. Spell and identify specific anatomical locations involving the: a. Scalp b. Forehead c. Ears d. Eyes e. Nose f. Cheeks g. Lips h. Chin i. Neck j. Back k. Upper extremity l. Hands m. Nails n. Chest o. Abdomen p. Buttocks q. Hips r. Lower extremity s. Feet Skin Structure and Function 1. Identify and spell the three primary layers of skin: a. -
Urticaria and Angioedema
Challenging Cases in Allergy and Immunology Massoud Mahmoudi Editor Challenging Cases in Allergy and Immunology Editor Massoud Mahmoudi D.O, Ph.D. RM (NRM), FACOI, FAOCAI, FASCMS, FACP, FCCP, FAAAAI Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine University of California San Francisco San Francisco, California Chairman, Department of Medicine Community Hospital of Los Gatos Los Gatos, California USA ISBN 978-1-60327-442-5 e-ISBN 978-1-60327-443-2 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60327-443-2 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009928233 © Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. -
Allergies & Your
Allergies & Your Cat Allergies in cats generally take on one or more of three Most people choose a canned food that is made from forms; respiratory, itching (often facial, ears and sometimes only one meat to see which meat source is the offending feet) and digestive. Allergies can be environmental and/or one and then offer foods without that meat source. Each food related. Sometimes reactions like itching or a runny food item should be tested for two weeks, based on the nose only show up at specific times of the year. If a cat recommendation of your veterinarian. If a single meat has itchy ears or a runny nose only in the spring, it may source in a canned food is offered, make sure that the be a seasonal allergy to some type of pollen or mold that new diet does not contain any plant material. It is also occurs only at that time of year. There is little to be done likely that more than one type of protein will be involved for mild seaonal cases, the allergy usually dissipates with in the allergy. the change of season. However, if the reaction is severe enough, your veterinarian may recommend medication to Mild food allergies usually produce skin and ear irritation help control your cat’s symptoms. and can have many levels of severity. However, severe food allergies usually cause vomiting and sometimes Food allergies can also show up as itching, sores or diarrhea. Vomiting is usually the first symptom observed. scabbing from the itching. Food allergies may also present Almost always the cat will vomit more than an hour after as vomiting and/or stool issues. -
Skin Allergies in Cats & Dogs
Skin Allergies in Cats & Dogs Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to a foreign body or allergen. In dogs and cats skin allergies present in many different forms, but in NZ, we see three main forms: atopy, flea allergy dermatitis and food allergy Atopy is a generalized skin allergy caused by environmental allergens such as pollens, house dust mites, moulds and animal dander. These are often inhaled, as in human hay fever; but in dogs, results in acute itchy skin rashes. Occasionally dogs will also get allergic conjunctivitis, rhinitis & bronchitis but as an exception to the rule. In cats, generalized scabby lesions and overgrooming are more common. (Secondary hairball problems often happen in cats because of this.) Diagnosis is made by ruling out other causes of itchy skin rashes such as mange mites; skin infections with bacteria or fungi, fleas, lice and food allergies. Sometimes skin or blood testing can be done to help pinpoint the exact allergen. The occurrence of an allergy in a pet depends a lot on its genetic predisposition; as well as exposure to the allergen. Some breeds are known to be prone to allergies: Terriers, Shar-Peis, Labradors, Setters, Retrievers, Poodles, German Shepherds, Miniature Schnauzers, Pointers & Dalmations. The main symptom is itching, predominantly around the face, belly, feet and ears. Constant scratching or licking damages the skin & leads to secondary infection & sometimes “Hot Spots”. Atopy is frequently seasonal especially when the allergen is a pollen. Plants such as Wandering Jew, Willow Weed, Privet, Acacia and Pine Pollen are common allergens. Ideally, allergies are treated by avoiding the allergen. -
Feline Dermatology Updates
FELINE DERMATOLOGY UPDATES Karen L. Campbell, DVM, MS, DACVIM, DACVD Professor Emerita, University of Illinois Clinical Professor of Dermatology, University of Missouri Facial Pruritus • Food allergies • Viral/mycoplasma infections • Environmental allergies • Otodectes • Demodicosis • Notedres Feline Viral and Mycoplasma Induced Facial Pruritus • PCR testing now readily available • Recent vaccination may cause “false” positive— I treat and retest Feline Viral and Mycoplasma Induced Facial Pruritus • Viral: alpha-interferon 1000 IU/day • Viral: famciclovir 62.5 mg/cat (1/2 of 125 mg tablet) for 3 weeks • Mycoplasma: pradofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg (monitor CBC q 7 days) • Mycoplasma: doxycycline 2.5-5 mg/kg q 12 h with water chaser Allergies Food allergy Flea allergy Feline Atopy Allergies Most common clinical sign is “overgrooming” Allergies Atopic dermatitis Allergies in Cats • Common manifestations include: • Pruritus +/- crusts/scales • Feline Miliary Dermatitis • Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex • Feline Symmetrical Alopecia Allergies in Cats • Atopic Dermatitis-- Diagnosis • R/O ectoparasites • R/O food allergies • R/O infections • Investigate for “offending” allergens • Serum IgE testing • Intradermal testing Pitfalls which Limit Usefulness of Serum IgE testing • Poor reproducibility • Poor specificity for IgE • Many false positives • non-specific binding • Little distinction between positive tests in normal and allergic cats • Great seasonal variability • half-life of serum IgE = 2.5 days • Not all reactions are IgE mediated Intradermal allergy -
Copyrighted Material
1 Index Note: Page numbers in italics refer to figures, those in bold refer to tables and boxes. References are to pages within chapters, thus 58.10 is page 10 of Chapter 58. A definition 87.2 congenital ichthyoses 65.38–9 differential diagnosis 90.62 A fibres 85.1, 85.2 dermatomyositis association 88.21 discoid lupus erythematosus occupational 90.56–9 α-adrenoceptor agonists 106.8 differential diagnosis 87.5 treatment 89.41 chemical origin 130.10–12 abacavir disease course 87.5 hand eczema treatment 39.18 clinical features 90.58 drug eruptions 31.18 drug-induced 87.4 hidradenitis suppurativa management definition 90.56 HLA allele association 12.5 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.10, 92.10 differential diagnosis 90.57 hypersensitivity 119.6 149.11 keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness syndrome epidemiology 90.58 pharmacological hypersensitivity 31.10– epidemiology 87.3 treatment 65.32 investigations 90.58–9 11 familial 87.4 keratoacanthoma treatment 142.36 management 90.59 ABCA12 gene mutations 65.7 familial partial lipodystrophy neutral lipid storage disease with papular elastorrhexis differential ABCC6 gene mutations 72.27, 72.30 association 74.2 ichthyosis treatment 65.33 diagnosis 96.30 ABCC11 gene mutations 94.16 generalized 87.4 pityriasis rubra pilaris treatment 36.5, penile 111.19 abdominal wall, lymphoedema 105.20–1 genital 111.27 36.6 photodynamic therapy 22.7 ABHD5 gene mutations 65.32 HIV infection 31.12 psoriasis pomade 90.17 abrasions, sports injuries 123.16 investigations 87.5 generalized pustular 35.37 prepubertal 90.59–64 Abrikossoff -
Osteoporosis in Skin Diseases
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Osteoporosis in Skin Diseases Maria Maddalena Sirufo 1,2, Francesca De Pietro 1,2, Enrica Maria Bassino 1,2, Lia Ginaldi 1,2 and Massimo De Martinis 1,2,* 1 Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; [email protected] (M.M.S.); [email protected] (F.D.P.); [email protected] (E.M.B.); [email protected] (L.G.) 2 Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 64100 Teramo, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0861-429548; Fax: +39-0861-211395 Received: 1 June 2020; Accepted: 1 July 2020; Published: 3 July 2020 Abstract: Osteoporosis (OP) is defined as a generalized skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and an alteration of the microarchitecture that lead to an increase in bone fragility and, therefore, an increased risk of fractures. It must be considered today as a true public health problem and the most widespread metabolic bone disease that affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Under physiological conditions, there is a balance between bone formation and bone resorption necessary for skeletal homeostasis. In pathological situations, this balance is altered in favor of osteoclast (OC)-mediated bone resorption. During chronic inflammation, the balance between bone formation and bone resorption may be considerably affected, contributing to a net prevalence of osteoclastogenesis. Skin diseases are the fourth cause of human disease in the world, affecting approximately one third of the world’s population with a prevalence in elderly men. -
Feline Allergy
FELINE ALLERGY What are allergies and how do they affect cats? One of the most common conditions affecting cats is allergy. An allergy occurs when the cat's immune system "overreacts" to foreign substances called allergens or antigens. Those overreactions are manifested in one of three ways. The most common manifestation is itching of the skin, either localized in one area or a generalized reaction all over the cat’s body. Another manifestation involves the respiratory system and may result in coughing, sneezing, and wheezing. Sometimes, there may be an associated nasal or ocular (eye) discharge. The third manifestation involves the digestive system, resulting in vomiting, flatulence or diarrhea. How many types of allergies are there and how are they each treated? There are four known types of allergies in the cat: contact, flea, food, and inhalant. Each has common clinical signs and unique characteristics. Contact Allergy Contact allergies are the least common of the four types of allergies in cats. They result in a local reaction on the skin. Examples of contact allergy include reactions to flea collars or to types of bedding, such as wool. If the cat is allergic to such substances, there will be skin irritation and itching at the points of contact. Removal of the contact irritant solves the problem. However, identifying the allergen can be challenging in many cases. Flea Allergy Flea allergy is the most common allergy in cats. A normal cat experiences only minor irritation in response to flea bites. The flea allergic cat, on the other hand, has a severe, itch-producing reaction when the flea's saliva is deposited in the skin. -
UV Light and Skin Aging
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266027439 UV light and skin aging Article · September 2014 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2014-0058 · Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 4 73 2 authors, including: Jéssica EPS Silveira Natura Cosmeticos 5 PUBLICATIONS 21 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Jéssica EPS Silveira Retrieved on: 13 April 2016 Rev Environ Health 2014; aop J é ssica Eleonora Pedroso Sanches Silveira * and D é bora Midori Myaki Pedroso UV light and skin aging Abstract: This article reviews current data about the rela- signs of aging. Physiological changes in aged skin include tionship between sun radiation and skin, especially with structural and biochemical changes as well as changes regards ultraviolet light and the skin aging process. The in neurosensory perception, permeability, response to benefits of sun exposition and the photoaging process are injury, repair capacity, and increased incidence of some discussed. Finally, the authors present a review of photopro- skin diseases (5) . tection agents that are commercially available nowadays. The skin aging process occurs in the epidermis and dermis. Although the number of cell layers remains stable, Keywords: photoaging; sun protection; ultraviolet (UV) the skin thins progressively over adult life at an accelerat- exposure. ing rate. The epidermis decreases in thickness by about 6.4% per decade on average, with an associated reduc- tion in epidermal cell numbers (6) , particularly in women. DOI 10.1515/reveh-2014-0058 Received August 4 , 2014 ; accepted August 15 , 2014 Further, dermis thickness decreases with age, and thin- ning is accompanied by a decrease in both vascularity and cellularity (5) . -
Geriatric Dermatology
10/18/2020 Participants will be able to: • Describe the skin changes that occur with aging • Perform the appropriate work-up and Geriatric Dermatology initiate management of pruritus Objectives • Steve Daveluy MD Recognize and treat common inflammatory skin diseases Wayne State Department of Dermatology • [email protected] Recognize potential skin cancers and counsel on risk reduction 1 2 • Skin changes with aging • Itch and Rash • Tumors – benign and malignant • I have no relevant conflicts of interest for • Sun Protection Disclosure this session Outline • Elder Abuse 3 4 Elderly Population Skin Changes with Aging • Baby Boomers 1946-1964: 65.2 million in 2012 • Intrinsic • In 2029, youngest boomers reach 65: • Extrinsic: UV exposure, smoking • Census estimates: 71.4 million in US > 65 • Epidermal Barrier Defects • 20% of US population (14% in 2012) • Immunosenescence • Altered wound healing capacity • 65-74 years old: 40% skin problem requiring treatment by physician US Census Bureau Chang. JAMDA 14 (2013) 724-730 Beauregard. Arch Dermatol 123:1638–1643, 1987 5 6 1 10/18/2020 Cutis Rhomboidalis Nuchae Skin Changes with Aging Skin Changes from UV Exposure Favre-Racouchot • Wrinkled, lax, increased fragility • Thinner Poikiloderma of Civatte • Decreased blood flow, sweat glands, subQ fat -> thermoregulation Solar Purpura Southern Medical Journal Nov 2012; 105 (11) Dermatology. 2018 Elsevier 7 8 Pruritus • Incidence: 12% in 65+; 20% in 85+ • Associated sleep disturbance, depression • Berger et al proposed 2 visit algorithm • Visit -
BD Industry Catalog
PRODUCT CATALOG INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY BD Diagnostics Diagnostic Systems Table of Contents Table of Contents 1. Dehydrated Culture Media and Ingredients 5. Stains & Reagents 1.1 Dehydrated Culture Media and Ingredients .................................................................3 5.1 Gram Stains (Kits) ......................................................................................................75 1.1.1 Dehydrated Culture Media ......................................................................................... 3 5.2 Stains and Indicators ..................................................................................................75 5 1.1.2 Additives ...................................................................................................................31 5.3. Reagents and Enzymes ..............................................................................................75 1.2 Media and Ingredients ...............................................................................................34 1 6. Identification and Quality Control Products 1.2.1 Enrichments and Enzymes .........................................................................................34 6.1 BBL™ Crystal™ Identification Systems ..........................................................................79 1.2.2 Meat Peptones and Media ........................................................................................35 6.2 BBL™ Dryslide™ ..........................................................................................................80