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Home , Ben More (Crianlarich), Ben More (Mull), Castle Combe, Counties of England, Hamlet (place)

Geography Settlements and Land Use in the

Pupil Workbook Year 3, Unit 5

Name: Formative Assessment Scores

Knowledge Quiz 5.1 Knowledge Quiz 5.4

Knowledge Quiz 5.2 Knowledge Quiz 5.5

Knowledge Quiz 5.3

Notes: Geography Settlements and Land Use in the United Kingdom

Pupil Workbook Year 3, Unit 5 Settlements and Land Use in the United Kingdom Knowledge Organiser

Glossary

1 Land Use How humans use the land in a certain place

A piece of land that raises much higher than the land 2 Mountain around it A piece of land that raises higher than the land around it but 3 Hill not as high as a mountain

4 Peak The top of a mountain – the highest point

5 Farming To use land to grow crops or allow animals to graze

6 National Park Land that is protected from being used

7 Green Urban Green space inside an

8 Natural Land Land that is not used or changed by humans for any reason

9 Sea/Ocean A large body of salt water around a land mass

10 Coastline Where the land meets the sea

11 River A flowing body of water with a source, course and mouth

12 Settlement A place where humans have chosen to live

Spaces with a small population and few buildings or that 13 Rural include farms

14 Urban Busy spaces with a large population and many buildings

A settlement with a small group of houses and no 15 Hamlet other buildings A settlement with a small group of houses and some 16 other buildings

17 A settlement with lots of houses and other buildings

The largest type of settlement with lots of houses, buildings 18 and a cathedral

19 Population The number of people living in a certain place

20 A part of the United Kingdom with its own council

Significant Places

Blaise Hamlet Castle Combe Hastings Birmingham

Hamlet in the UK Village in the UK Town in the UK City in the UK What is a settlement? What are some of the physical features of the United Kingdom? A settlement is a place where people have chosen to live. Settlements can be different sizes and are The United Kingdom has many different physical features — seas and found in different locations. The first settlements oceans, coastlines, rivers, mountains and hills. were nearly always near to a supply of water, food It is an island surrounded by four different seas and oceans: the North and shelter. Sea, English Channel, Irish Sea and Atlantic Ocean. Wherever you In the United Kingdom a settlement can be: are in the United Kingdom, you are always quite close to a stretch of a single isolated dwelling (far away from all other coastline: beautiful beaches and dramatic cliffs are never too far away. houses and buildings), a hamlet, a village, a town The United Kingdom also has many rivers. The longest is the River or a city. You can find each type of settlement in Severn and it flows through both and . each of the four of the United Kingdom. The highest mountain in the United Kingdom is and is located in .

What is a county?

The United Kingdom is divided up into different — areas that have their own council and will include different settlements. The council is responsible for making some decisions for the people living in the county. There are many different counties in England and you can see the location of the original English counties on this map.

Significant Places

Ben Nevis Snowdonia National Park North River Severn

The highest mountain A national park in the UK County in the UK River in the UK in the UK

Knowledge Record

Kingdom? the United United the

Seas, coasts and coasts Seas, physical features of of features physical rivers: what are the the whatare rivers:

the physical physical the featuresof the Mountains and and Mountains

rivers: what are whatare rivers: United Kingdom? United

What is a

settlement andsettlement choose to settle? where do people people do where

Kingdom? the United United the

ere haveere people

chosen to settle in Wh

What are the

counties of the the of counties United Kingdom? United

land used in the the in used land used and how is how and is used How can land be United Kingdom? United

Existing Knowledge

What do I know about settlements, land use and the United Kingdom?

Session 1: Mountains and hills: what are the key physical features of the United Kingdom?

Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary

• The land on Earth can be flat but can also be raised • Mountain • Raised land is known as hills or mountains • Hill • Mountains are much taller than hills • Raised Land • Groups of hills and mountains are often named • Peak • Individual mountains are usually given their own name • United Kingdom • There are hills and mountains in each of the United • England Kingdom: England, Scotland, Wales and • Scotland • Parts of the United Kingdom are more mountainous than others • Wales • Northern Ireland

What is a mountain? What is a hill? Do you know the difference between the two?

What are mountains and hills? The land on Earth is sometimes flat but is also sometimes shaped into hills or mountains. Hills and mountains are naturally formed areas of raised land. A hill is a piece of land that rises higher than the land surrounding it – it looks like a bump in the land. A mountain is also a piece of land that rises higher than the land surrounding it. So what is the difference between the two? There is no official difference between hills and mountains but when we talk about a mountain we are often talking about land that is much, much steeper and raised much higher than when we are talking about a hill. Mountains are therefore much more difficult to climb than hills are because they are taller and steeper. Both mountains and hills have a point which appears to be the ‘top’ but a mountain often has a more pointed ‘peak’. Areas of both hills and mountains are often names but mountains, because they are so much taller, are given an individual name too.

Define the following:

Hill

Mountain

Use the information above to show the key features of hills and mountains but also the similarities and differences between them:

Hills Mountains

Can you see the United Kingdom on this map? Circle it if you can:

Which areas of hills or mountains are found in the United Kingdom?

On this map of the United Kingdom, you can see the areas of hills and mountains (higher land) in the two shades of brown as well as the areas of lower land in the shades of green. The highest areas of land are located in the north, the west and the south-west of the United Kingdom. The lowest lying areas of land are located in parts of the east and the south-east of the United Kingdom.

The highest mountains in England are found in an area called the Lake . The Lake District is a national park which means it is a protected area. The highest mountain in England is called .

Scotland is the most mountainous country in the United Kingdom. The ten highest mountains in Scotland are also the ten highest in the whole of the United Kingdom. Ben Nevis is in the highest mountain and is located in the .

The highest mountain in Northern Ireland is . It is located in the Mourne Mountains. Compared to many other mountains, Slieve Donard is said to be easy to climb.

In Wales, Snowdonia National Park is home to many different mountain ranges. The highest mountain in Wales is located in Snowdonia National Park and is called Mount .

Use an atlas to locate the following areas of hills and mountains plus individual mountains in the United Kingdom: Grampian Mountains, Snowdon, Slieve Donard, Exmoor, North West Highlands, Tullybrack, Antrim Hills, Southern Uplands, Pennines, Ben Nevis, , Mourne Mountains, Snowdonia, Black Mountains, Glyder Fawn, Brecon Beacons, Lake District, , Skafell Pike, Dartmoor, Cheviot Hills, Cambrian Mountains.

Are each of the areas of hills and mountains (and individual mountains) found in England, Scotland, Northern Ireland or Wales?

England Scotland Northern Ireland Wales

Describe the areas of hills and mountains found across the United Kingdom:

______

Session 2: Seas, coasts and rivers: what are the key physical features of the United Kingdom?

Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary

• A sea/ocean is a large body of salt water surrounding a land mass • North Sea • The coast is where the land meets the sea • Atlantic Ocean • A river is a naturally flowing body of water • Irish Sea • There are four seas surrounding the United Kingdom • English Channel • The United Kingdom is an island surrounded by coastline • Sea/Ocean • Cliffs and beaches are located at coastlines • Coastline • There are many rivers flowing through the United Kingdom • River • The longest river in the United Kingdom is the Severn • River Severn

Knowledge Quiz 5.1

1. Areas of raised land are known as ______or ______.

Rivers

2. Which of the below are found in England?

3. Which of the below are found in Scotland?

Food

4. Which of the below are found in Northern Ireland?

5. Which of the below are found in Wales?

What do we mean when we talk about seas, coasts and rivers? Have you ever seen the sea? Have you been to the coast? Have you seen a river?

What are seas, coasts and rivers?

Did you know that more than ⅔ of the Earth’s surface is covered with salt water? The five oceans and the seas on the earth are all connected together and are one huge body of salt water. Oceans and seas are bodies of salt water which surround landmasses. The coast is where the land meets the sea. The waves at the coast break the land down and build it back up again and so the land at the coastline is always changing. Some coastlines have beaches which have been constructed by the constant moving of the waves. Rivers are naturally flowing bodies of water. They usually begin in areas of higher ground, before travelling downhill and across areas of lower-lying land until they reach the sea. Sometimes rivers flow into other rivers to make a larger river and sometimes they flow into a lake.

Define the following:

Sea

Coast

River

Which seas, coasts and rivers are found in and around the United Kingdom?

There are four seas surrounding and bordering the United Kingdom. To the south there is the English Channel, to the east there is the North Sea and to the west there is the Irish Sea in the narrow strip between England and Ireland and the Atlantic Ocean. This image shows the Atlantic Ocean from a place called in England. In the United Kingdom, no one lives more than 80 miles from the coast. Because the United Kingdom is an island, the coastline runs the entire way around. Coasts can have high cliffs that look over the sea or they can be beaches of sand, pebbles, rocks or mud. The picture at the beginning of this session is of a beach called Long Sands, in Tynemouth, England. The image you can see here is of famous cliffs called the White Cliffs in Dover, England. The United Kingdom also has many different rivers. They are not as long as some of the rivers in other countries of the world because the United Kingdom is an island and has quite a small landmass. The longest river in the United Kingdom is the river Severn. It begins in the Cambrian Mountains in Wales (the source) before flowing through England and finally joining the Atlantic Ocean (the mouth). Other rivers in the United Kingdom are the: , River Trent, River Ouse, River Wye, River Tay, River Clyde, River Bann and River Foyle.

Answer the following questions:

1. How many seas surround the United Kingdom? What are they called? ______

2. What is the furthest distance you ever are from the coastline in the United Kingdom? ______

3. Which is the longest river in the United Kingdom? Where is the source and where is the mouth? ______

Use an atlas to locate and label the four surrounding seas of the United Kingdom: English Channel, Atlantic Ocean, Irish Sea, and North Sea. Then locate and label the following rivers: River Severn, River Thames, River Trent, River Great Ouse, River Wye, River Tay, River Clyde, River Spey, River Bann, River Tweed, River , River Foyle, River Tyne, River Derwent, River Mersey.

Can you locate the area of hills/mountains where each river has its source, the country or countries it flows through on its course and which sea is at the mouth of the river?

Source Countries on Course Mouth

Severn

Thames

Trent

Wye

Tay

Bann

Tweed

Foyle

Tyne

Avon

Spey

Session 3: What is a settlement and where do people choose to settle?

Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary

• A settlement is where people have chosen to live • Settlement • When choosing where to build a settlement people look for • Permanent/Temporary access to certain resources such as water, food and shelter • Rural/Urban • Settlements can be urban or rural • Hamlet • Types of settlements are , , and hamlets • Village • Cities are the largest settlements and hamlets are the smallest • Town • Different settlements have different characteristics • City

Knowledge Quiz 5.2

1. How many seas surround the United Kingdom?

3

2. The coastline is where the ______meets the ______.

3. Which of the below are seas or oceans surrounding the United Kingdom?

English Channel

4. Which is the longest river in the United Kingdom?

River Tyne

5. Which countries of the United Kingdom does the longest river flow through?

England

If you were looking for somewhere new to build a home, what would you look for?

What is a settlement and where do people choose to settle? A settlement is a place where people choose to live. They vary in size, type and location and can be permanent or temporary but they are all a place where people have chosen to make their homes. A long time ago, humans moved around from place to place much more than they do now and settlements were therefore often temporary. As humans advanced and developed the ability to farm, they needed to construct more permanent settlements. However before deciding on where to settle, they will have looked for land with key and important physical characteristics. Settlers would need access to a supply of water to drink, for farming and for washing too. This is why many settlements are built near to rivers or lakes. They would also need access to a source of food. This could have been near to where wild animals were living or plants and trees that could also provide food. The land also needed to be suitable for farming – flat and open. As well as having access to food and water, the people in a settlement would need access to other resources such as wood and stone for building and wood and coal for fires. Shelter was also important to those looking for a place to settle. Hills and mountains could shelter settlements from strong winds and rains and therefore many were built on the lower ground around them. Settlements were sometimes built on slightly higher ground for defence from enemies.

What is a settlement?

______

If someone was looking for a place to settle, what would they need access to? What additional things do you think they would like to have access to?

Things a settler would need Things a settler might like to have

Draw a map of somewhere suitable for a new settlement. Explain your choices.

______

______

Are all settlements the same? Settlements come in all different shapes, sizes and locations. They can look very different to one another but can share similarities. In places such as the United Kingdom, settlements are grouped and given names depending on their size and the services provided. When we talk about services we are meaning the types of things that you may see in your local area such as: shops, schools, religious buildings, offices, hospitals etc. Depending on these characteristics, a settlement may be classed as a city, a town, a village, a hamlet or a single isolated dwelling (this is a single house on its own away from other houses).

List the 5 types of settlement:

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

4. ______

5. ______

Settlements can also be found in urban or rural areas. An urban area is usually a city or a town. It will have a large population and be full of buildings and other man-made structures. Urban areas are often noisy and busy. Most people in the United Kingdom live in urban areas (8/10). Settlements in rural areas are usually villages or hamlets. They are located outside of the busy towns and cities. A rural area typically has a low population, more opens spaces and areas of farmland. There are also fewer buildings and rural areas are often much quieter than urban ones.

Match the words to show whether they are associated with an urban or a rural settlement:

Towns and Cities Small population

Forest Nature Large population

Man-made structures Villages and hamlets Farmland

Noisy and busy Quiet

A hamlet is the smallest settlement (other than an isolated dwelling or single home). A hamlet is a very small type of settlement made up of a small number of houses. A village also has a small number of houses, like a hamlet. However a village will have buildings that are not houses too. There is likely to be a small school (a primary school), some shops, a post office, a village hall and a church. A town is larger again than a village. There are small towns and large towns but despite the slight differences in size there will similarities such as lots of houses, multiple schools (primary and secondary), more shops or a shopping centre and a railway station. A city is the largest type of settlement. Cities have a large population, lots of houses, lots of buildings, hospitals, schools, multiple stations, universities, religious buildings and a cathedral. Sometimes in the United Kingdom a city can be quite small but that is because the rule in the UK is that if a place has a cathedral (no matter how large or small the place is) then it is classed as a city.

If you were to order the types of settlement from smallest to largest, what would be the order? ______

Draw an image or map of each type of settlement and then describe what is usually found in each of those settlements:

Hamlet Village

______

Town City

______

Session 4: Where have people chosen to settle in the United Kingdom?

Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary

• There are different types of settlement found in the United • Hamlet Kingdom – hamlets, villages, towns and cities • Village • Blaise Hamlet is a hamlet in the United Kingdom • Town • Castle Combe is a village in the United Kingdom • City • Hastings is a town in the United Kingdom • England • All four countries in the UK have their own capital cities: , Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast • Scotland • • There are many other cities in the UK: Birmingham, Glasgow, Wales Swansea and Londonderry • Northern Ireland

Knowledge Quiz 5.3

1. A place where people have decided to live is called a:

Vehicle River

2. Settlers look for access to:

Water Shelter

3. Words and phrases associated with an urban settlement are:

4. Words and phrases associated with a rural settlement are:

5. Write a number beside the settlements below from smallest (1) to largest (4)

This is what the United Kingdom looks like at night from space. What do the lights suggest about the different settlements there?

Which cities, towns, villages and hamlets are located in the United Kingdom?

We know that the main groups of settlements in the United Kingdom are cities, towns, villages and hamlets. But which places in the United Kingdom fall into each of those categories and which countries are they in?

In the United Kingdom there are many different hamlets. They can be found in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Here you can see a house in a hamlet named Blaise Hamlet in England. It is a group of nine small cottages. Other hamlets in the United Kingdom are Caldermill in Scotland, Dunseverick in Northern Ireland and Bronant in Wales.

There are also many different villages in the United Kingdom. Castle Combe is a village in England and you can see it in the image here. Wanlockhead is a village in Scotland, Skewen is a village in Wales and Glenarm is a village in Northern Ireland.

Towns are bigger than both villages and hamlets and there are many of them in the United Kingdom. Hastings is a town in England next to the sea – you can see Hastings here in this image. Other towns in England are Gateshead, Cheltenham, Glastonbury and Pickering. Perth and St. Andrews are towns in Scotland. Barry and New Quay are towns in Wales. Bangor and Enniskillen are towns sin Northern Ireland. As well as hamlets, villages and towns, there are many different cities in the United Kingdom. We know that London is the of England, Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, Cardiff is the capital of Wales and Belfast is the capital of Northern Ireland but which other cities are in the United Kingdom? This image shows Birmingham, one of the largest cities in England. You can also see which is the United Kingdom’s only island city. Other cities in England include Leeds, Manchester, Liverpool and Newcastle. In Scotland, the cities include Glasgow, Aberdeen and Dundee. In Wales the cities include Swansea, Newport and Wrexham. In Northern Ireland cities include Lisburn, Londonderry and Armagh.

Fill in the table to show the names of some of the different settlements in the United Kingdom.

Hamlet Village Town City

England

Scotland

Wales

Ireland Northern

Can you use an atlas to locate the different hamlets, villages, towns and cities and mark them on this map? Use the ones from the table but also include more if you can locate them in an atlas.

Choose a hamlet, village, town or city in the United Kingdom to research. Write a fact file here. There is also space for you to draw a map of the settlement or to draw an image of a key feature of the settlement.

______

Session 5: What are the counties of the United Kingdom?

Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary

• A county is different to a country • Country • A county is a part of a country that has its own council • County • The council is responsible for making decisions and maintaining • Council different services for the people • Services • Counties are found in each country of the United Kingdom: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland • (Names of different counties) • There are many different counties in England • Compass (with • Each county contains different cities, towns, villages and hamlets directional language)

Knowledge Quiz 5.4

1. Which types of settlement can be found in the United Kingdom?

Hamlet Village

2. Hastings is a ______.

Hamlet Town

3. Castle Combe is a ______.

Hamlet Village

4. Birmingham and Portsmouth are ______.

Hamlets Towns Villages

5. Which of the below are cities in Scotland?

Aberdeen Newcastle

The United Kingdom is separated in different counties. What do you think a county is?

What are the counties of the United Kingdom?

The United Kingdom has many different hamlets, villages, towns and cities. We know that each of those settlements is found in one of the four different countries. But in addition to this, each of those settlements is located in a different county. The word county looks like the word country but a county is actually something quite different to a country. A county is a part of a country that has its own council. The council can make decisions for that county and the people within it. It is also responsible for the care and maintenance of services such as education, transport, health, emergency services, roads, and waste collection. There are around 100 different counties in the United Kingdom. The largest in England is called Yorkshire, the largest in Scotland is called Inverness-, the largest in Northern Ireland is called county Tyrone and the largest county in in Wales is called Powys.

What is a county?

______

______

Yorkshire Dales, Inverness, a city in Yorkshire Inverness-shire

Crickhowell, Omagh, County Tyrone a town in Powys

There are many different counties in England and you can see the location of the original English counties on this map. Use the map and the compass to help you answer the questions below.

Questions about the counties of England:

1. Which county is south of ? ______.

2. is west of ______.

3. is bordered by ______.

4. Which county is north of ? ______.

5. is ______of Herefordshire.

6. is ______of .

7. The three parts to the county of Yorkshire are ______.

8. is ______of .

9. The most northern county is ______.

10. Durham is bordered by ______.

11. is bordered by ______.

12. The most south-western county is ______.

13. The most south-eastern county is ______.

14. ______is bordered by East , and Hampshire.

15. is north-west of ______.

16. The county on the map with the smallest land-mass is ______.

17. The counties that border Scotland are ______.

18. The county which is a separate island is ______.

19. Greater London is bordered by ______.

20. The counties that border Wales are ______.

Write your own questions about the locations of the different counties in England. Ask your partner or group to find the answers.

Question Answer

Choose a county in England to research. Write a fact file here. Each county usually has its own flag — can you draw that flag in the space provided?

______

Session 6: In which ways is the land used in the United Kingdom?

Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary

• The land in the United Kingdom is used in four main ways • Land Use • Farmland is land used for all types of farming • Urban • Natural land is not used for any reason and is often protected by • Rural being classed as a national park • Farmland • Built on land is land used for settlements and other buildings – • Natural Land these can be urban or rural settlements • National Park • Green urban land is a green space inside an urban settlement • Built On • The four countries of the United Kingdom use different fractions of their land for each of these four reasons • Green Urban

Knowledge Quiz 5.5

1. A country is the same as a county.

2. In which of these UK countries can you find counties?

3. Which is the largest county in England?

Isle of Wight

4. Which county in England is the furthest north?

Cornwall

5. Which county in England is the furthest south?

Cornwall

If you had a piece of land, what would you do with it?

How can land be used? Land can be used in many different ways. We know that one way to use land is to build a settlement. We know that a settlement may be described as a single isolated dwelling, a hamlet, a village, a town or a city. We also know that land may be used differently in and around those settlements and that we can think of areas as being urban or rural. Urban areas are towns and cities. They are areas that are built upon and will containing lots of houses, factories, hospitals, schools, office buildings, shopping centres, entertainment facilities and sports facilities. You may however sometimes find green spaces inside an urban area. We call these green urban areas and they include: parks, gardens, golf courses and sports pitches. There are settlements found in rural areas: single isolated dwellings, hamlets and villages. Within some of these rural settlements and areas you will still find houses, schools, factories, shops, offices, entertainment and sports facilities but they will be smaller than in an urban settlement and there will be a much small number of them. Rural areas however are associated with farming and open spaces. Farming is the main way that land is used in the rural areas of the United Kingdom. Land that is not used for any reason at all is called natural land. This natural land is usually protected in the form of a national park.

Complete the table to show how the land may be used in an urban or rural location.

Urban

Rural

Describe the difference between an urban or a rural area. Which would you prefer to live in and why? ______

Is land used in the same way in all countries of the United Kingdom?

We know that the United Kingdom is made up of four different countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Norther Ireland. We know that different types of settlement can be found in each country but is the land used in the same way in each? We are going to look at how each country in the United Kingdom uses the land in that country. To do that we are going to separate the land use into four different categories: farmland, natural land, settlements and green urban. Farmland is land that is used for all types of farming. Farming is using the land to grow different crops (vegetables, fruit and other plants such as wheat which we use to make bread) or using the land to keep animals which are then used for different reasons. For example, cows for their milk or for their meat and sheep for their wool. Natural land is land that is not used for any reason and is often protected so that people cannot ruin it by using it.

National parks are natural land and they are protected because they are areas of beauty and home to many different plants and animals. If land was not protected then people would use it for farming or building and there would perhaps be no natural land left. Built on land includes all types of settlements (hamlets, villages, towns and cities) and the houses and other buildings found in and around those settlements. Green urban is something we looked at earlier in this session and it includes green spaces found within a settlement such as a park.

Describe what we mean by each type of land use:

Farmland: ______

______

Natural land: ______

______

Built on land: ______

______

Green urban land: ______

______

Here you can see how the land in each country is used in each of the ways described above – farmland, natural land, land that is built on and land that is green urban. The information is shown as fractions – each country is separated into 100 parts and the land use as a fraction of those 100 parts.

Farmland Natural Built On Green Urban

England 70/100 15/10 10/100 5/100

Scotland 26/100 70/100 3/100 1/100

Wales 60/100 35/100 4/100 1/100

Northern Ireland 70/100 25/100 4/100 1/100

Look at the table and use the information to colour the 100 squares below. Each land use type is a different colour. England has been completed for you as an example.

Land Use in England Land Use in Scotland

Land Use in Wales Land Use in Northern Ireland

Describe how the land is used in each country. Also think about and describe the similarities and differences between how the land is used in each country.

______

Mountains and hills: what are the key physical features of the United Kingdom?

Seas, coasts and rivers: what are the key physical features of the United Kingdom?

What is a settlement and where do people choose to settle?

Where have people chosen to settle in the United Kingdom?

What are the counties of the United Kingdom?

In which other ways is the land used in the United Kingdom?

Final Essay: What is the land like in the United Kingdom and how do we use it? ______

______

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