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References for Supplemental Table S1 Supplement to P.L. Ward, 2009, Sulfur dioxide initiates climate change in four ways, Thin Solid Films volume 517, number 11, doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2009.01.005 References for Supplemental Table S1 I began with two databases developed under the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (www.volcano.group.cam.ac.uk/database/caldera-results.xls and www.volcano.group.cam.ac.uk/database/ignimbrite-results.xls). These have been slightly corrected and substantially supplemented. Allen, S.R., 2001, Reconstruction of a major caldera-forming eruption from pyroclastic deposit characteristics: Kos Plateau Tuff eastern Aegean Sea: J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 105 p. 141-162. Allowaya, B.V., Pribadib, A., Westgate, J.A., Birdd, M., Fifielde, L.K., Hogg, A., and Smith, I., 2004, Correspondence between glass-FT and 14C ages of silicic pyroclastic flow deposits sourced from Maninjau caldera, west-central Sumatra: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 227, p. 121-133. Arehart, G.B., Christensonb, B.W., Woodb, C.P., Folandc, K.A., and Browne, P.R.L., 2002, Timing of volcanic, plutonic and geothermal activity at Ngatamariki, New Zealand: J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. , v. 116, p. 201-214. Bacon, C.R., Mastin, L.G., Scott, K.M., and Nathenson, M., 1997, Volcano and earthquake hazards in the Crater Lake Region, Oregon: U.S. Geol. Surv. Open-File Rept. 1997-487, p. 32. Bacon, C.R., Sisson, T.W., and Mazdab, F.K., 2007, Young cumulate complex beneath Veniaminof caldera, Aleutian arc, dated by zircon in erupted plutonic blocks: Geology, v. 35, p. 491– 494. Batchelor, R.A., 2003, Geochemistry of biotite in metabentonites as an age discriminant, indicator of regional magma sources and potential correlating tool: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 67, p. 807–817. Best, M.G., Christiansen, E.H., and Blank, R.H., Jr., 1989, Oligocene caldera complex and calc- alkaline tuffs and lavas of the Indian Peak volcanic field, Nevada and Utah: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., v. 101, p. 1076- 1090. Best, M.G., Scott, R.B., Rowley, P.D., Swadley, W.C., Anderson, R.E., Gromme, C.S., Harding, A.E., Deino, A.L., Christiansen, E.H., Tingey, D.G., and Sullivan, K.R., 1993, Oligocene– Miocene caldera complexes, ash-flow sheets, and tectonism in the central and southeastern Great Basin, in Lahren, M.M., Trexler, J.H., and Spinosa, C., eds., Crustal Evolution of the Great Basin and the Sierra Nevada, Field Trip Guidebook for Cordilleran/Rocky Mountain Sections of the Geol. Soc. Am.: Reno, University of Nevada, p. 285–312. Black, T.M., Shane, P.A.R., Westgate, J.A., and Froggatt, P.C., 1996, Chronological and palaeomagnetic constraints on widespread welded ignimbrites of the Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand: Bull. Volcanol., v. 58, p. 226-238. Bove, D.J., Hon, K., Budding, K.E., Slack, J.F., Snee, L.W., and Yeoman, R.A., 2001, Geochronology and geology of late Oligocene through Miocene volcanism and mineralization in the Western San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, v. 1642, p. 1-30. Braitseva, O.A., Melekestsev, I.V., Ponomareva, V.V., and Kirianov, V.Y., 1996, The caldera- forming eruption of Ksudach volcano about cal. A.D. 240: the greatest explosive event of our era in Kamchatka, Russia: J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 70, p. 49-65. 1 Braitseva, O.A., Melekestsev, I.V., Ponomareva, V.V., and Sulerzhitsky, L.D., 1995, Ages of calderas, large explosive craters and active volcanoes in the Kuril-Kamchatka region, Russia: Bull. Volcanol., v. 57, p. 383-402. Briggs, R.M., Gifford, M.G., Moyle, A.R., Taylor, S.R., Norman, M.D., Houghton, B.R., and Wilson, C.J.N., 1993, Geochemical zoning and eruptive mixing in ignimbrites from Mangakino volcano, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 56, p. 175-203. Bryan, S.E., 2006, Petrology and geochemistry of the Quaternary caldera-forming, phonolitic Granadilla Eruption, Tenerife (Canary Islands): J. Petrol., v. 47, p. 1557-1589. Bryan, S.E., Cas, R.A.F., and Martí, J., 2000, The 0.57 Ma plinian eruption of the Granadilla Member, Tenerife (Canary Islands): an example of complexity in eruption dynamics and evolution: J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. , v. 103, p. 209-238. Camp, V.E., and Ross, M.E., 2000, Mapping the Steens-Columbia River Basalt Connection: Implications for the extent, volume, and magma supply rate of CRB volcanism: Geol. Soc. Am. Abstracts with Programs Annual meeting, Reno, v. 32, p. A159. Chen, C.H., 2003, The Caldera Eruptions in Ryukyu Arc: as inferred the thermal anomaly in Kyushu: J. Balneological Soc. Japan, v. 53, p. 90-91. Chesner, C.A., and Rose, W.I., 1991, Stratigraphy of the Toba Tuffs and the evolution of the Toba Caldera Complex, Sumatra, Indonesia: Bull. Volcanol., v. 53, p. 343-356. Christiansen, R.L., 2001, The Quaternary and Pliocene Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field of Wyoming, Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, v. 729, p. 146. Cocks, L.R.M., and Torsvik, T.H., 2007, Siberia, the wandering northern terrane, and its changing geography through the Palaeozoic: Earth Sci. Rev., v. 82, p. 29-74. Courtillot, V.E., and Renne, P.R., 2003, On the ages of flood basalt events: Comptes Rendus Geoscience, v. 335 p. 113-140. Coxall, H.K., Wilson, P.A., Palike, H., Lear, C.H., and Backman, J., 2005, Rapid stepwise onset of Antarctic glaciation and deeper calcite compensation in the Pacific Ocean: Nature, v. 433, p. 53-57. Dai, J., Mosley-Thompson, E., and Thompson, L.G., 1991, Ice core evidence for an explosive tropical volcanic eruption 6 years preceding Tambora: J. Geophys. Res., v. 96, p. 17,361- 17,366. De Rita, D., and Giordano, G., 1996, Volcanological and structural evolution of Roccamonfina volcano (Italy): origin of the summit caldera: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 110, p. 209-224. de Silva, S.L., and Francis, P.W., 1991, Volcanoes of the Central Andes: Berlin Heildelberg New York, Springer, 216 p. Deal, E.G., Elston, W., E., E., E.E., Peterson, S.L., Reiter, D.E., E., D.P., and Shafiqullah, M., 1978, Cenozoic volcanic geology of the Basin and Range province in Hidalgo County, southwestern New Mexico: New Mexico Geol. Soc. Guidebook 29th field conference, p. 219-229. Deino, A.L., Orsi, G., M., P., and de Vita, S., 2004, The age of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff caldera- forming eruption (Campi Flegrei caldera - Italy) assessed by 40Ar/39Ar dating method: J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 133, p. 157-170. Egger, H., and Brückl, E., 2006, Gigantic volcanic eruptions and climatic change in the early Eocene: Int. Jour. Earth Sci., v. 95, p. 1065-1070. Elston, W.E., Seager, W.R., and Clemons, R.E., 1975, Emory cauldron, Black Range, New Mexico,source of the Kneeling Nun Tuff: Field Conf Guide, New Mexico Geological Society, v. 26, p. 283-292. 2 Erb, E.E., Jr. , 1979, Petrologic and structural evolution of ash-flow tuff cauldrons and noncauldron related volcanic rocks in the Animas and southern Peloncillo mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico: Alburquerque, University of New Mexico. Erlich, E.N., 1986, Geology of the calderas of Kamchatka and Kurile Islands with comparison to celaderas of japan and the Aleutians, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Surv. Open-File Rept. 1986-291, p. 300. Ernesto, M., Raposo, M.I.B., Marques, L.S., Renne, P.R., Diogo, L.A., and de Min, A., 1999, Paleomagnetism, geochemistry and 40Ar/39Ar dating of the North-eastern Parana Magmatic Province: tectonic implications: J. Geodynamics, v. 28, p. 321-340. Farmer, G.L., Broxton, D.E., Warren, R.G., and Pickthorn, W., 1991, Nd, Sr, and O isotopic variations in metaluminous ash-flow tuffs and related volcanic rocks at the Timber Mountains/Oasis Valley caldera complex, SW Nevada: implications for the origin and evolution of large-volume silicic magma bodies: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 109, p. 53-68. Fedele, F.G., Giaccio, B., Isaia, R., and Orsi, G., 2002, Ecosystem impact of the Campanian Ignimbrite Eruption in Late Pleistocene Europe: Quaternary Res., v. 57, p. 420-424. —, 2003, The Campanian Ignimbrite Eruption. Heinrich Event 4, and Palaeolithic change in Europe: a high-resolution investigation: Volcanism and the Earth's Atmosphere, Geophysical Monograph v. 139, p. 301-325. Fedotov, S.A., and Masurenkov, Y.P., 1991, Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka: Moscow, Nauka, V I: 302, VII:415 p. Fiske, R.S., and Tobisch, O.T., 1994, Middle Cretaceous ash-flow tuff and caldera-collapse deposit in the Minarets Caldera, east-central Sierra Nevada, California: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., v. 106, p. 582-593. Francis, P.W., Sparks, R.S.J., Hawkesworth, C.J., Thorpe, R.S., Pyle, D.M., Tait, S.R., Mantovani, M.S., and McDermott, F., 1989, Petrology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks of the Cerro Galan caldera, northwest Argentina: Geological Magazine, v. 126, p. 515-547. Glass, L.M., and Phillips, D., 2006, The Kalkarindji continental flood basalt province: A new Cambrian large igneous province in Australia with possible links to faunal extinctions: Geology, v. 34, p. 461-464. Goto, Y., Funayama, A., Gouchi, N., and Itaya, T., 2000, K–Ar ages of the Akan-Shiretoko volcanic chain lying oblique to the Kurile trench: Implications for tectonic control of volcanism: Island Arc, v. 9, p. 204-218. Gregory, K.M., and McIntosh, W.C., 1996, Paleoclimate and paleoelevation of the Oligocene Pitch- Pinnacle flora, Sawatch Range, Colorado: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., v. 108, p. 545–561. Hanley, L., and Wingate, M., 2000, SHRIMP zircon age for an Early Cambrian dolerite dyke: an intrusive phase of the Antrim Plateau: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v.
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