March/April 2009 http://www.ethiopianworldfederation.com Issue 4
EWF Inc 1 Ethiopian & African
Executive Council American Relations: The Locals What’s On Case of Melaku E. Bayen Inspiration 8 and John Robinson
Save Our Culture So Jah Say Important Dates Mainstream 12
Well Being Society
Market Place 16 Melaku E. Bayen (left) and Colonel John Robinson (right)
Seventy two years ago, African cans has also contributed, in my opinion, to Products and Services Americans of all classes, regions, genders, the re-Africanization of Ethiopia. This arti- and beliefs expressed their opposition cle attempts to examine the history of the to and outrage over the Italian invasion relations between Ethiopians and African Contacts 18 of Ethiopia in various forms and vari- Americans by focusing on brief biographies ous means. The invasion aroused African of two great leaders, one from Ethiopia and Americans – from intellectuals to common another one from African America, who people in the street – more than any other Headquarters made extraordinary contributions to these Pan-African-oriented historical events or relations. Locals movements had. It fired the imagination It is fair to argue that the Italo- of African Americans and brought to the Ethiopian War in the 1930s was instrumen- surface the organic link to their ancestral tal in the rebirth of the Pan-African move- Disclaimer land and peoples. ment. The African Diaspora was mobilized The Ethiopian World Federation In- 1935 was indeed a turning point in support of the Ethiopian cause during corporated supports economic de- in the relations between Ethiopia and the both the war and the subsequent Italian velopment in the African commu- African Diaspora. Harris calls 1935 a wa- occupation of Ethiopia. Italy’s brutal at- nity, but does not accept liability tershed in the history of African peoples. It tempt to wipe out the symbol of freedom for any issues relating to products was a year when the relations substantively and hope to the African world ultimately and services of those advertising in shifted from symbolic to actual interac- became a powerful catalyst in the struggle the Voice of Ethiopia. tions. The massive expression of support against colonialism and oppression. The for the Ethiopian cause by African Ameri- Continued on page 3 EWF Inc Greetings
e are half way through the Ethiopian year and are aware that members worldwide are busy with preparations for the Battle of Adwa Victory and Empress Menen celebrations. It is important that we commemo- rate significant“W and historic events and make time to honour the ancestors who have laid the foun- dation for us to build upon. Some of our new members and non-member readers may not know why or how the Ethio- pian World Federation Incorporated came about. We have therefore devoted this issue to the history of the organisation by including extra articles from the original Voice of Ethiopia newspa- per, which was published in New York during the 1930’s and 40’s and distributed throughout the world”. Finally as this is the first issue since the ‘inauguration’ of Barak Obama as USA President, we have included photographs from members who attended, what for some was a symbolic mo- ment in African American history. Editorial Team
Contributors Correction
Barrymore Tittle Apologies to Ras DloLevi for omitting his name Kwende Anbessa-Ebanks Malieka Robinson from the article about Negusa Negast Local 3 Ras DloLevi Enterprise, which he contributed for inclusion in Wolete Gabreal Issue 3.
Italo-Ethiopian War brought about an ex- colonization, elimination of racial discrimi- during the war. The Fords and other follow- traordinary unification of African people’s nation in the United States, African unity, ers of Marcus Garvey settled in Ethiopia in political awareness and heightened level of and political empowerment of African peo- the 1920s. Mignon Ford raised her family political consciousness. Africans, African ple. among Ethiopians as Ethiopians. Her chil- Americans, Afro-Caribbean’s, and other One of the most significant Pan- dren, fluent speakers of Amharic, have been Diaspora and continental Africans from Africanist Conferences took place in 1945, at home both in Ethiopia and the United every social stratum were in union in their immediately after the defeat of the Italians States support of Ethiopia, bringing the establish- in Ethiopia and the end of World War II. ment of “global Pan-Africanism.” The bru- This conference passed resolutions clearly Pan-Africanists in Thoughts & Practice tal aggression against Ethiopia made it clear demanding the end of colonization in Af- to African people in the United States that rica, and the question of self-determination Melaku E. Bayen, an Ethiopian, the Europeans’ intent and purpose was to emerged as the most important issue of the significantly contributed to the re-Africani- conquer, dominate, and exploit all African time. As Mazrui and Tidy put it: “To a con- zation of Ethiopia. His noble dedication people. Mussolini’s disregard and outright siderable extent the 1945 Congress was a to the Pan-African cause and his activities contempt for the sovereignty of Ethio- natural outgrowth of Pan-African activity in the United States helped to dispel the pia angered and reawakened the African in Britain since the outbreak of the Italo- notion of “racial fog” that surrounded the world. Ethiopian War.” Ethiopians. William R. Scott expounded on Response went beyond mere con- Another of the most remark- this: “Melaku Bayen was the first Ethiopian demnation by demanding self-determina- able outcomes of the reawakening of the seriously and steadfastly to commit himself tion and independence for all colonized African Diaspora was the emergence of so to achieving spiritual and physical bonds of African people throughout the world. For many outstanding leaders, among them fellowship between his people and peoples instance, the 1900-1945 Pan-African Con- the Ethiopian Melaku E. Bayen and the of African descent in the Americas. Melaku gresses regularly issued statements that em- African American John Robinson. Other exerted himself to the fullest in attempting phasized a sense of solidarity with Haiti, outstanding leaders were Willis N. Hug- to bring about some kind of formal and Ethiopia, and Liberia, thereby affirming the gins, Arnold Josiah Ford, and Mignon In- continuing relationship designed to benefit importance of defending the sovereignty nis Ford, who were active against the war in both the Ethiopian and Afro-American.” and independence of African and Afro-Car- both the United States and Ethiopia. Mi- To Scott, Bayen’s activities stand out as ibbean states. A new generation of militant gnon Ford, the founder of Princess Zenebe “the most prominent example of Ethiopian Pan-Africanists emerged who called for de- Work School, did not even leave Ethiopia Continued on page EWF Inc identification with African Americans and student at Howard. According to Joseph He died in a plane crash in 1954. seriously challenges the multitude of claims Harris, the Council was regarded as the Scott makes the following criti- which have been made now for a long time principal link between Ethiopians and Af- cal assessment of Robinson’s historical role about the negative nature of Ethiopian at- rican Americans in the early years of the in building ties between Ethiopia and the titudes toward African Americans.” Italo-Ethiopian conflict. The Council’s pa- African Diaspora. I quote him in length: The issues raised by Scott and pers are housed at the Moorland-Spingarn “Rarely, if ever, is there any mention of John the exemplary Pan-Africanism of Melaku Research Center at Howard University. At Robinson’s role as Haile Selassie’s special Bayen are useful in establishing respectful present, Professor Aster Mengesha of Ari- courier during the Italo-Ethiopian conflict. and meaningful relations between Ethiopia zona State University heads the Ethiopian He has been but all forgotten in Ethiopia and the African Diaspora. They dedicated Research Council. Leo Hansberry was the as well as in Afro-America. [Ambassodor their entire lives in order to lay down the recipient of Emperor Haile Selassie’s Trust Brazeal mentioned his name at the plant- foundation for relations rooted in mutual Foundation Prize in the 1960s. ing of a tree to honor the African Diaspora understanding and historical facts, free of Melaku founded and published in Addis Ababa recently.] Nonetheless, it is stereotypes and false perceptions. African the Voice of Ethiopia, the media organ of important to remember John Robinson, as American scholars, such as William Scott, the Ethiopian World Federation and a pro- one of the two Afro-Americans to serve in Joseph E. Harris, and Leo Hansberry con- African newspaper that urged the “millions the Ethiopia campaign and the only one to tributed immensely by documenting the of the sons and daughters of Ethiopia, scat- be consistently exposed to the dangers of thoughts and activities of Bayen, both in tered throughout the world, to join hands the war front. Ethiopia and the United States. with Ethiopians to save Ethiopia from the Colonel Robinson stands out in Melaku E. Bayen was raised and wolves of Europe.” Melaku founded the Afro-America as perhaps the very first of educated in the compound of Ras Mekon- Ethiopian World Federation in 1937, and the minute number of Black Americans to nen, then the Governor of Harar and the it eventually became one of the most im- have ever taken up arms to defend the Afri- father of Emperor Haile Selassie. He was portant international organizations, with can homeland against the forces of imperi- sent to India to study medicine in 1920 at branches throughout the United States, alism.” the age of 21 with permission from Emper- the Caribbean, and Europe. The Carib- John Robinson set the standard or Haile Selassie. Saddened by the untimely bean branch helped to further solidify the in terms of goals and accomplishments death of a young Ethiopian woman friend, ideological foundation for the Rasta Move- that could be attained by Pan-Africanists. who was also studying in India, he decided ment. Through his activities, Robinson earned the to leave India and continue his studies in Melaku died at the age of forty trust and affection of both Ethiopians and the United States. In 1922, he enrolled at from pneumonia he contracted while cam- African Americans. Like Melaku, he made Marietta College, where he obtained his paigning door-to-door for the Ethiopian concrete contributions to bring the two bachelor’s degree. He is believed to be the cause in the United States. Melaku died in peoples together. He truly built a bridge of first Ethiopian to receive a college degree 1940, just a year before the defeat of the Pan African unity. from the United Sates. Italians in Ethiopia. His tireless and vigor- It is our hope that the youth of to- Melaku started his medical stud- ous campaign, however, contributed to the day learn from the examples set by Melaku ies at Ohio State University in 1928, then, demise of Italian colonial ambition in Ethi- and Robinson, and strive to build lasting a year later, decided to transfer to Howard opia. Melaku strove to bring Ethiopia back and mutually beneficial relations between University in Washington D.C. in order into the African world. Melaku sewed the Ethiopia and the African Diaspora. As to be close to Ethiopians who lived there. seeds for a “re-Africanization” of Ethiopia. we celebrate Black History Month in the Melaku formally annulled his engagement Furthermore, Melaku was a model Pan- United States, let us recommit ourselves to to a daughter of the Ethiopian Foreign Africanist who brought the Ethiopian and Pan-African principles and practices with Minister and later married Dorothy Had- African American people together through the sole purpose of empowering African ley, an African American and a great activ- his exemplary work and his remarkable love people. The Ethiopian American commu- ist in her own right for the Ethiopian and and dedication to the African people. nity ought to empower itself by forging pan-Africanist causes. Both in his married Another heroic figure produced by the anti- alliances with African Americans in places and intellectual life, Melaku wanted to cre- war campaign was Colonel John Robinson. such as Washington D.C. We also urge the ate a new bond between Ethiopia and the It is interesting to note that while Melaku Ethiopian Government to, for now, at least African Diaspora. conducted his campaign and died in the name streets in Addis Ababa after Bayen Melaku obtained his medical de- United States, the Chicago-born Robinson and Robinson. gree from Howard University in 1936, at fought, lived, and died in Ethiopia. I would like to conclude with the height of the Italo-Ethiopian War. He When the Italo-Ethiopian War Melaku’s profound statement: “The phi- immediately returned to Ethiopia with his erupted, he left his family and went to losophy of the Ethiopian World Federation wife and their son, Melaku E. Bayen, Jr. Ethiopia to fight alongside the Ethiopians. is to instill in the minds of the Black people There, he joined the Ethiopian Red Cross According to William R. Scott, who con- of the world that the word Black is not to and assisted the wounded on the Eastern ducted thorough research in document- be considered in any way dishonorable but Front. When the Italian Army captured ing the life and accomplishments of John rather an honor and dignity because of the Addis Ababa, Melaku’s family went to Eng- Robinson, wrote about Robinson’s ability past history of the race.” land and later to the United States to fully to overcome racial barriers to go to an avia- campaign for Ethiopia. tion school in the United States. In Ethio- By Ayele Bekerle Schooled in Pan-African solidar- pia, Robinson served as a courier between Conttibutor to Tadias Magazine ity from a young age, Melaku co-founded Haile Selassie and his army commanders in the Ethiopian Research Council with the the war zone. According to Scott, Robinson late Leo Hansberry in 1930, while he was was the founder of the Ethiopian Air Force. EWF Inc
Telegrams from Emperor Haile Selassie I From the original Voice of Ethiopia
A Message from the Emperor
In reply to Father Blackett’s telegram to his Imperial Majesty for His birthday in Bath, England the following telegram was received after the meeting of the Celebration
Emperor Haile Selassie Birthday Celebration Committee.
or father Blackett, Please convey to your committee our deep appreciation to their kind message of good wishes.”
“FEmperor Haile Selassie I
The following is taken from the original VOICE OF ETHIOPIA, Saturday, February 4th 1939
Western Union Cablegram Received January 26th 1939 at 11.49 Am Received at 40 Broad Street, New York, NY
A 585 EV Bath 34.26
NLT MALBAYEN Dr. Malaku E. Bayen 2331-7th Ave NEW YORK
e congratulate the VOICE OF ETHIOPIA on its second anniversary, we sincerely hope that it will continue to keep the just case of Ethiopia before the American public.”
“WEmperor Haile Selassie I
The above cable was received on January 27th and was read aloud at the anniversary of the “VOICE OF Ethiopia” at the Ethiopian World Federation, Incorporated Auditorium on Saturday, January 28th 1939
The following is taken from the original VOICE OF ETHIOPIA of Saturday, January 29th 1938
t is with great pleasure that I have noted that the VOICE OF ETHIOPIA has just completed its first year of struggle for the cause “Iof Ethiopia and I send to it my congratulations. I sincerely hope that it will continue to receive support of all who love Justice”.
Emperor Haile Selassie I
EWF Inc
EWF Inc
erwise pursue ways for strengthening their relations with the motherland. He complained that the Ethiopi- Is The Federation an World Federation, Incorporated has no authority on the land have not done any- thing positive on the land in Ethiopia since Still Relevant? it was granted in the late 1940‘s , and that other organizations, groups, the Ethiopian Is the Ethio- Lorenzo H.King, the first President of the Government, national regional and local as pian World Federa- organization and pastor of the St. Mark’s well as individuals have develop, sold, con- tion, Incorporated M.E Church, Col John C. Robinson of fiscated and build on the land without the relevant today? That Chicago, the only American who enlisted Ethiopian World Federation, Incorporated is what one of my with emperor Haile Selassie I forces and permission. brethren asked me fought in the conflict to preserve the inde- I admitted that that reality exist, recently, of course pendence of the only free African nation at but to throw the entire blame on the Ethio- I replied, it is more that period. J A Rogers, Dr. P.M.H Savory, pian World federation, Incorporated is like relevant today than of the Victory Insurance Company and co- blaming the native Americans for what ever before I believe! It is an organization of owner of the Amsterdam news of Harlem, happened to their land since the Mayflower seventy one (71) years and what I see is an Reverend William Imes, pastor of St.James or the Palestinians after World War II. institution that was created by His Impe- Presbyterian Church and Cyril M. Philip, I explained to him that the Ethiopian World rial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie I spe- Secretary of the United Aid for Ethiopia, Federation, Incorporated has a Constitu- cifically to help Ethiopia during the Italio- who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to vis- tion and is design with a Federal system and Ethiopian war and its best the brothers and ited the Emperor at Bath England in 1936 Governed by Democratic principles, similar sisters today participate in organizations to offer their assistance, Prince Nyabonga to the United States, yet when the United such as the Nyahbinghi House, the Twelve of Uganda who visited the Ethiopian World States was eighty eight (88) years from In- tribes of Israel, the Bobo Shanties, the Mil- Federation, Incorporated Headquarters in dependence seventy seven (77) years after lennium Council, the JRDC, and any of October 1938, Mr. Thomas Paris and Mrs. adopting its Constitution it did not fight its the other groups or organizations that have Nancy Packwood Paris of St.Croix Virgin Civil War yet. After the Civil war the Unit- been formed over the past years he argued. Islands, Parents of Edudora Paris, Amy ed States has emerge as the most Powerful I had to remind him that “a people without Ashwood Garvey, the first wife of Marcus nation ever on the face of the earth. a knowledge of the their history is like a tree Mosiah Garvey, The Reverend W.H. Gray So, as I concluded with my breth- without roots” that is to say that many of of the Bright Hope Church, at 12th and ren that the Ethiopian has hope, I believe the brothers and sisters today are caught up Oxford Streets in Philadelphia PA, Arthur we are just about at the end of our Civil in the cult of personality and have not really A . Schomburg, one of the members of war and we will emerge as a bigger, better, engaged in a deep study of their recent his- the Advisory Board of the organization in successful and progressive organization. tory from the beginning of the 20th cen- 1938, LiJ Araya Abebe, a native Ethiopian, I believe that the members worldwide are tury. the first Treasurer of the organization, who getting to know each other , they are try- I informed him that I notice that was sent to New York by Emperor Haile Se- ing to get in order, they are realizing that these organizations and groups he refer lassie I to assist Dr. Malaku E. Bayen plus they are one, that they have the same aims to were formed around a charismatic per- the other founding fathers too numerous to and objects, that despite the challenges sonality with a certain amount of religious mention. that the organization face, if the abide by rhetoric, without any clear aims and objects I informed the brethren that the their Constitution and Bylaws they will to sustain them once the individual who is Ethiopian World Federation, Incorporat- continue to promote love and good-will the forerunner cease to exist. Whereas, the ed presently have Local Branches in New among Ethiopians at home and abroad and Ethiopian World Federation, Incorporated York, Los Angeles, Montego Bay, St. Ann’s thereby, maintain the integrity and sover- is a Legal entity formed directly by Emper- Bay, Kingston, London, Paris, Birming- eignty of Ethiopia, disseminate the ancient or Haile selassie I through his representative ham with members throughout Africa, the the ancient Ethiopian Culture among its Dr. Malaku E. Bayen, the African Ameri- United States Europe and the Caribbean, members, correct abuses, relieve oppression cans and West Indians who were living in that despite the difficulties the organization and carve for themselves and their poster- Ethiopia before Italy attacked in 1936 and is facing today we have a very dedicated ity, a destiny comparable with their idea Black people in Harlem and throughout membership who striving to see their or- of perfect manhood and God’s purpose in the Diaspora who were willing to stand by ganization successful. creating them; that they may not only save Ethiopia despite some of the major powers He complained that the Ethio- themselves from annihilation, but carve in the world at the time were willing to ac- pian World Federation, Incorporated have for themselves a place in the Sun: in this cept Italy as conquers. not administered the land grant in Ethiopia endeavor, they are determine to seek peace I reminded him that the Incorpo- to the Black people in the West. I had to and pursue it, for it is the will of God for rators of the Ethiopian World Federation, correct him that the Land was Granted by man. Incorporated are Goulbourne M Blackett, His Imperial Majesty Emperor Haile Selas- Matthew E. Garner, Dorothy H. Bayen, sie I to the Ethiopian World Federation, Barrymore Tittle Aida Bastian, Edoura Paris, Warren Har- Incorporated after the Executive Council of International President rigan and Louis Paul. I told him that some the organization in New York wrote to the February 27th 2009 of the names associated with the Ethiopian Imperial Ethiopian Government requesting World Federation, Incorporated are Dr. land for its members to settle, visit and oth- EWF Inc
Inspiration is the sacrifice of the lives of innumerable of leading the school to the achievement of So Jah Say heroes and in deep realization of this, it be- its intended goad, so that they might en- comes the duty of free men everywhere to be counter no difficulties in carrying out their ever prepared for the defence of their free- appointed task. We would like to mention dom. However, since in Ethiopia the laying here the earnest assistance rendered by the down of one’s life for the sake of national Swedish officers whom We brought as -in independence has always been looked upon structors at that time. as a duty of the highest priority and has been It gives Us pride to remember that ascribed paramount honour and value, our although the war prevented the school from country has, thanks to the valour of her he- reaching its goal, Our efforts during the few roes, from the most ancient times been ever short years of its existence bore fruit. Dur- mistress of her destiny. Thus, even in the ing the invasion, the officer cadets who had dark ages through which the other nations studied here, though still in the prime of of Africa had to pass, Ethiopia’s name was their youth, faithful to their pledge “For well known throughout the world because the Love of our Country and the Honour our heroic forefathers, making God their of Our Emperor”, courageously ventured shield and their Defender, were always able forth into that territory between life and to repel in defeat and shame the enemy who death, some to die in battle, others to un- descended upon her from time to time. dergo the rigours of exile. Some of the When, by the will of God, We young cadets of the Guenet Military Acad- became Emperor of Ethiopia, We became emy, which was named after Us, and who aware of the need for minimizing the loss of distinguished themselves by their ability Honouring Fallen Officers life of Our people through the development and their courage, are helping Us today in of technique whereby the enemy might be the execution of the plan which We have Since the beginning of the world, repelled by the efforts of a small number of envisaged for our Defence Forces. God has always granted a people, divided experts of military strategy, and realized the It is, therefore, with deep pride though they may be into provinces, dis- absolute necessity of entering into a race that We have erected this monument be- tricts, villages and families, the privilege of for such knowledge in accordance with the fore Us to the sacred memory of those he- living together as one nation, in freedom. way of the world and the practice of civi- roic officers, who, having studied in that However, because of human jealousy, and lised nations. Hence it was that from the early school and entered into their soldierly man’s domineering spirit and because of the onset we established as Our primary objec- duties in 1935, combining in themselves greed that impels one to rob another of a tive, the achievement for our country of a the natural heroism inherited from their part or the whole of his homeland, it has level of attainment equal to that of other forefathers with the skills of modern war- become an essential duty of man to keep nations of the world, through the preserva- fare, and faithful to their soldierly pledge to ready the means of defending his freedom. tion of her freedom and the development of defend their country’s freedom, fell on the Ethiopia, jealous of her freedom, Our people in education and culture. The battlefield struggling valiantly to their last has always had to struggle, both for the sake Military College, whose cherished memory breath, without once bending their knee in of her territorial integrity and for the pres- We are today gathered here to honour and shame before their enemies, as well as to the ervation of her religious liberty. The hero- celebrate, one of the many institutions that memory of those officers who died in serv- ism, developed in the blood of our people We had established in Our time for the re- ice and of those that are living now, and We and passed from generation to generation, alization of Our primary objective for Our are pleased to award today there war medals has served to this day as a bulwark for our country, was created by Us in January of to them according to the degree of accom- freedom, so that Ethiopia has never had to 1933, in order that Our young men might plishment of each. bear the yoke of slavery. To this, history receive modern and scientific military edu- This enduring monument will not and the world ear witness. cation, and thus be fitted to defend their only perpetuate the proud memory of those We have seen from the happen- country’s freedom and service their Em- heroes who served with pride, but will also ings of history how God, in His profound peror. It has been with very high hopes help to transform the sorrow of their par- justice, never fails to execute righteous that We waited for the early fruition of its ents and their nation into joy, and to inspire judgment, and for this our thanksgiving work. prosperity to emulate the heroism of those Unstinting Support and praise to Him is unbounded. But un- patriots to whose achievements this memo- failing as the righteous judgment of God rial bears witness. in punishing the arrogant has ever been, In those early days, We confident- A Tradition since freedom is an issue upon which na- ly anticipated that this institution would tional existence itself depends, it becomes grow without interruption from its status as We would like to say, in conclu- a sacred obligation of primary importance a school providing elementary military edu- sion, that a military school unless it estab- for a people of one family, united in their cation to young cadets, until it achieved full lishes a tradition which is handed down own common life and in oneness of mind stature as an institution of the first rank. In from generation to generation, is of no real and spirit, to preserve their free and pleas- Our own tireless efforts to fulfil Our pledge use. You, young men, who are privileged to ant way of life from all external danger, and to defend Ethiopia’s freedom and to labour study at this Military College should never thus be enabled to advance along the path for the development of the life of our peo- surrender to the spirit of defeatism, but fol- of progress. ple, We have given Our unstinting support lowing the example of your predecessors The glories and advantages of and encouragement to the officials in whom and ever conscious of the high responsibili- freedom cannot be purchased with all the We had placed Our confidence and to to ties which will be yours in your future world’s material wealth. Freedom’s price whom We had entrusted the responsibility Continued on page Inspiration careers, should strive zealously to acquire those qualities which are the mark of a good officer. Article from the original Voice of Ethiopia In our day, man is seen engaged Volume 1, Number 25 in the development of atomic energy. This Saturday July 17, 1937 power can be used for peaceful or destruc- tive purposes. Many learned men have on various occasions sought to abolish war and established an everlasting peace. Treaties have been signed and organizations formed STEADFASTNESS OF THE to achieve this goal, but because they lacked guarantees, these efforts uniformly failed, BLACK RACE and to gain their ends, countries even re- sorted to the production and use of poison gas. Now nations are producing weapons Some time ago I wrote in this nists. They go vigorously after the things which not only constitute a terrible danger column that the white race would be look- they want, though I cannot recommend to those against whom they might be used, ing on to see the failure of the efforts being them for a great deal of honesty. They work but could in fact mean the end of mankind, made by black people here, to assist Ethio- aggressively, in an organized fashion, and and again there are no guarantees. If these pia. I said also that many members of our they never give up. Let us observe their awful weapons are used, who will bear the race had become distrustful of any organi- methods while holding on to our own pur- responsibility? In these circumstances, if zation formed by Black people because they poses man has not sought out the protection of had the habit of falling for one reason or God as well as prepared himself for his self another. The Resistance of the Blacks protection, the havoc and ruin that can be There are reasons why our efforts brought down upon the race of human be- to advance often meet with failure – inter- To quote from “The real facts ings is beyond the bounds of imagination. nal quarrels and external opposition. It is about Ethiopia” by J.A. Rogers: Morocco is These matters will not fail to be mentioned necessary therefore that in our attempt to almost next door to France and the Moroc- in the course of instruction in his school, take our proper place in the world, our or- can terrain is far less difficult that the Ethi- and We want you to keep this thought in ganizations be intelligently set up and hon- opian one, yet France has not been able to your mind. In the ethical sphere, your pri- estly and efficiently administered. wipe out the Moroccan guerillas: after more mary obligation ought to be the inescapable than thirty years. Again it took the Italians responsibility you have to your country, Endurance twenty-one years to crush but not entirely along with your faith in God. to subdue the tribesmen of Cyrenaica who In order to acquire the qualities The Black race is capable of keep- numbered less than 230,000 were almost and equipment of a good officer, you must ing alive under the most adverse circum- three thousand miles nearer home, and work hard, strive assiduously for higher stances. The history of the slave period and were far easier to reach than the Ethiopi- knowledge, prepare your minds from day after proves this. Here we go on living pa- ans.” to day to offer yourselves in sacrifice for tiently enduring the shortage of the necessi- Some branches of the Black race the land of your birth, and be loyal to the ties of life, and continuous toil with no oth- are not satisfied with passive resistance but pledge you have taken. er prospect in view. That is it the Black race carry the fight to the enemy vigorously and So, remembering the words which expects no improvement in its economic unceasingly. They never admit defeat. They We have spoken to you today, work tireless- position. The few who have managed to be- will finally succeed. ly to fulfil your sacred duty of serving your come fairly independent have forsaken the beloved country. ranks of the down-trodden and exploited Ethiopians Abroad We are pleased to express Our race. thanks to the officers and instructors and The American Indian under pres- We Ethiopians in the western the staff of this institution, for the efficiency sure from the white race disappeared almost world asked His Majesty Emperor Haile and diligence they have shown in develop- completely. The Black race under greater Selassie I to send us a representative. His ing this College to its present status, in ac- pressure persists and multiples. Majesty had on three previous occasions cordance with Our commands. sent us representatives asking for men We would also like to remember Aggressive Qualities from our ranks to take part in the building here and express Our gratitude and thanks of a greater and stronger Ethiopia. We did to the British officers who, immediately af- But it is not enough to keep alive, not heed the call. Now a representative is ter the Liberation of Our Country, assisted we must advance. Our organizations must here on our request, Dr. Malaku E. Bayen, us greatly in the Training of our Army at have intelligent programs and execute them at 2352 Seventh Avenue, New York City this place. vigorously and honestly. We have long been U.S.A. We must support him and the We would further like on this oc- fighting more or less successfully a defen- Ethiopian Cause. casion to state that a befitting memorial to sive war. We must now change it into an The Black race must awake from those soldiers who fell in the four corners offensive war. We have hitherto been try- its long sleep, awake to dignity and manli- of our country in defence of their freedom, ing to preserve life and limb, now we must ness and strength. This can be done by sup- will shortly be constructed. go vigorously after the things we need and porting Ethiopia. want. Emperor Haile Selassie I, We can learn a lesson from this Selected Speeches, February 15, 1958 Communists without becoming Commu- Inspiration
Article from the original Voice of Ethiopia Saturday September 11th, 1937
Ethiopia in the Middle Ages This Historical data was printed with the permission of Professor William L. Hansberry of Howard University and the Ethiopian Research Council of Washington, D.C. Ethiopic Manuscript
The foregoing references and traditions-all of them except it were in heaven.” the account of Piankhy’s conquest, drawn from non-Ethiopian sources-reveal that the Ethiopians of antiquity were widely known Humbleness Characteristic of Ethiopians throughout the ancient world as a people particularly devoted to the promotion of justice and righteousness as living and practical Medieval Chronicles-Ethiopian as well as those of other forces among men. lands-mention for example a number of instances in which Ethio- In the Middle Ages the trend in events and development pian kings voluntarily abdicated their throne in order that they was essentially the same. It is indeed not an overstatement to say might walk more humbly in the way of God. In the 6th century that nowhere perhaps in the entire civilized world of the medieval Ella Asbcha, one of the greatest of Ethiopia’s early Christian kings times did public and private morality and religious impulses of and renowned as a patron and protector of the early Church of Ara- man attain to higher levels of bia, is reported, when at the very peak of his power to have resign practical and beneficent -ex his throne, and retired pression than they did in the from the world in thiopian Orthodox Christianity expansive confines of Greater order to become a “E(EOC) has given rise to a rich Ethiopia. The promptness monk. Having de- artistic tradition including a vernacular with which the Ethiopians cided upon this course architecture exemplified by the world of all classes recognized and he sent his royal crown renowned rock hewn churches of Lalibela, accepted the teachings of to Jerusalem to be sus- icons, paintings, indigenous liturgical pended near the tomb music, chant and a vernacular literature, Jesus Christ and the earnest- Rock Church in Lalibela ness and devotion which they of Christ and “go- specifically Ethiopic manuscripts. The manifested towards the promotion of the new Faith reflect strongly ing out his palace at literature and liturgy of EOC are written the truth of this point of view. Sir Francis Head states the matter night clothed only in in Geez which was the official language of quite succinctly when he writes “Never did the seed of the Chris- a hair-cloth garment the state and church when the Bible was tian religion find more genial soil than when it fell among the rug- and with nothing but first translated during the seventh century ged mountains of Abyssinia” and well might he have added “and in a mat and a cup out of AD”. the fertile valleys and upon the rolling plains of low-lands Ethio- which to drink water- pia.” There was, as the author observes “no war to introduce it, no he went up to the top of a high mountain where he shut himself fanatical priesthood to oppose it, no bloodshed to disgrace it. Its up in a little room and lived a very holy life for the rest of his days.” only argument was its simplicity. Around our religion thus shining Another Medieval chronicle of high historical repute relates that in its native luster, men flocked in peaceful humility, and , hand in in the year 1080 a king of Nubia-Solomon by name, voluntarily hand, joined cheerfully in doctrines which gave glory to God in the abdicated his throne in favor of his sister’s son in order that he may highest, and announced on earth peace, good will towards men.” be freed from those worldly and sinful destructions and tempta- The world has long been wont to glorify Constantine and tions that are inescapable in the exercise of royal power. “For who Justinian and Theodora and Theododius and ever the cruel and is there among kings” he said “that can be saved by God while he callus Clovis and the impetuous and hard hearted Charlemagne still govern among men.” where is that sovereign, he asked, who, for pious deeds performed in promoting while in the exercise of his regal duties, the establishment of the early Christian “is not swayed by passion and who does Church. A dispassionate review of the not shed blood unjustly and who does records of the time will reveal, however, not force men to do that which is not thatno one of those came nearer to under- right for them?” Believing that there had standing and practicing the principles and never been and could never be such a precepts of Prince of Peace than did their king, Solomon accordingly laid aside his Ethiopian contemporaries Bahriya, and Sil- royal robes and his golden crown and giv- co and Oleydozo and Cyracus and Zakarya ing up the sumptuousness and ease of his and Solomon of the Christian Kingdom of palatial dwelling, donned the somber gar- Dongola, or Ezenas and Kaleb and Gabra ments of a monk and took up his abode as a humble member of a devout brother- Maskal and Lalibela of the Christian of Ethiopian Orthodox Priests Axum. Being moral, they had, it is true, their hood in the Monastery of Deyr Onuphrius failings, and frequently saw life “through a glass darkly” but even which was situated deep in the desert on so, theirs was a consuming passion to establish peace on earth good the northern border of his empire. will to men, in order that “His will might be done on earth as 10 Inspiration Important Dates Bob Marley’s Earth Day Battle of Adwa
The Battle of Adwa took place on1st and 2nd March 1896 at Adwa in northern Ethiopia. The Battle occurred at a time when European nations were engaged in the scramble for Africa. Notably, at the Berlin Conference in 1884-85, Africa was di- vided up for the European nations to colonise and Ethiopia was awarded to the Italians, all Italy had to do was use its troops to take possession of Ethiopia.
The acclaimed reggae artist and defender of the Rastafari faith Bob Marley, was born in Jamaica on 6th February 1945. Bob Emperor Menelik II at Adwa is credited with bringing Jamaican music to worldwide audiences and his music and lyrics are still relevant today. Along with The On the 2nd March 1896, united Ethiopian forces commanded Wailers, Bob earned critical acclaim for albums such as Catch by Emperor Menelik II defeated the Italian army at the Battle a Fire before embarking on a solo career with albums such as of Adwa. It was the first time an African nation had defeated a Exodus. Bob was not just a reggae artist, he was also a political European powr. The Ethiopian victory at Adwa prevented the unifier: Italians from colonising Ethiopia.
•Bob Marley was instrumental in organising the One Love Peace Concert in Jamaica in 1978, which helped to calm the feud be- tween Jamaica’s warring political parties. •Bob performed at Zimbabwe’s Independence Day Celebrations in 1980. •Bob voiced opposition to the apartheid system in South Africa in his song ‘War...... ’
‘And until the ignoble and unhappy regimes Ethiopain Troops at Battle of Adwa that hold our brothers in Angola, in Mozambique, South Africa sub-human bondage The main reason that the Italians lost the Battle is because they Have been toppled, utterly destroyed did not know their enemy! Although Barateir who led the war Well, everywhere is war, me say war was well prepared in terms of planning and equipment, the Ital- ians had hoped to exploit what they thought would be internal War in the east, war in the west conflict amongst the Ethiopian princes. Before the Battle, the War up north, war down south Italians even encouraged internal rebellion amongst Ethiopian War, war, rumours of war troops to benefit themselves. The Italians however, had failed to see that the Ethiopian aristocracy by this time had began to And until that day, the African continent develop Ethiopia in a way that would benefit all its citizens. For Will not know peace, we Africans will fight instance, Emperor Menelik II did not collect taxes from the We find it necessary and we know we shall win princes in the north. Ethiopian troops were also large in numbers As we are confident in the victory and reasonably well equipped and disciplined.
Of good over evil, good over evil, good over evil The victory at Adwa was widely reported throughout the world, Good over evil, good over evil, good over evil’ strengthening Ethiopia’s image as a defender of African independ- Lyrics from song War ence. It became the source of pride and inspiration for Africans around the world. Today Ethiopian’s celebrate this historic holi- •Bob’s final studio album was Uprising (1980), which featured day on 2nd March, the anniversary of the Battle. the classic hit ‘Redemption Song’.
Bob Marley’s sunset came in 1981 at the age of 36 and he received a state funeral in Jamaica. 11 Mainstream Well-Being Food Additives The Association Be- Ammonium Hydroxide - E527 Acidity regulator & Neutraliser - regarded as safe in food use, tween Ill-health and found in cocoa products and chocolate. Other uses hair dye, Chemical Additives stain remover, animal feed and detergent. in Foods and Body- ‘This is known to be irritating to eyes and mucous membranes, cause hair breakages care Products and is toxic by ingestion’.
There is increasing concern about the link between chemical additives found Propyl Gallate in foods and body-care products, not An anti-oxidant - used to prevent fats and oils from spoiling. only in the West but also in non-Western Found in vegetable oils, meat products, potato chips and countries. Chemical additives often allow manufacturers to produce cheaper prod- chewing gum. Other uses include cosmetics, hair products, ucts, some of which, would be unsuitable adhesive and lubricants. for sale in the West but which are increas- ‘May cause cancer’. ingly finding their way to Africa, South America and the Caribbean. In his book ‘The Chemical Maze’, Potassium Bromate Bill Statham said “What I discovered dur- Used in breads to increase volume and produce a fine crumb ing my research amazed and often shocked structure. me. I discovered that a significant number Most bromate breaks down into bromide, of chemicals added to foods and cosmetics which is supposed to be harmless, however could cause or exacerbate health problems such as asthma, dermatitis, hives, migraines, remaining bromate has been shown to hay fever, gastric upsets, behaviour prob- cause cancer in animals. Bromate is banned lems, hyperactivity, learning difficulties and throughout the world except the USA many others”. (banned in California) and Japan. In effect, food which is consumed for nutrition can instead cause toxicity in the bodies organs and systems, damage Aspartame DNA, cause birth defects and cancer. Al- Artificial sweetener found in Equai and NutraSweet, along though some of these chemical additives are with diet soda’s and other low-cal diet foods. only used in small quantities, no one knows Caused brain tumours in rats from as what effect long-term accumulation will long ago as the 1970’s. Recently found to have on the body and health. These fac- tors should be especially worrying for busy increase the incidence of lymphomas and parents who rely on convenience foods to leukaemia and brain tumours in rats. Con- feed children, those on low income and the sumers have suffered from headaches, increased use of GM and chemical additives dizziness and lullucinations after ingestion. to ease so called ‘food security’. The Chemical Maze uses a ‘traffic light’ system of colour coding, red for ‘stop’, yellow for ‘wait/caution’ and green for ‘pro- Cosmetic Ingredients ceed safely’. In most cases the origin of each Sodium Hydroxide additive is given, including whether it may Emulsifier and Alkali - added to shampoo, soap, hair straight- be of animal origin or a product of genetic modification (GM). ener and liquid face powder. Other uses pesticides. ‘Associated with dermatitis of the scalp, To obtain further information: ingestion can cause vomiting, hyperten- sion, diarrhoea and collapse. It may also be The Chemical Maze - Your Guide to Food hazardous to the environment’. Additives and Cosmetic Ingredients by Bill Statham. Summersdale Publishers, 2006 ISBN 184024 4828
12 Mainstream Inauguration Day 2009 I welcome any opportunity celebrated the day’. My host Dr Koura to participate in the history of African Gibson only mentioned the filming when people, whether on the Continent or in I arrived and although we did not have the Diaspora. The Inauguration of Barack tickets for the Inauguration itself, be- Hussein Obama as the 44th President of ing pushy I found a ‘kind’ African police the USA on 20th January 2009, presented officer to allow InI and the film crew into such an opportunity. the Inauguration - which was a huge ac- Like many, I had watched complishment bearing in mind how many Barack’s dignified and strategic campaign thousands with tickets could not get in against Hilary Clinton and John McCain because of the queues. We also hosted an for the Presidency, during my seven month Inauguration Party on the 19th which was visit to Africa. I had shared the euphoria filmed by a documentary film company of Barack’s Presidential victory with one’s from California. Needless to say InI did a in South Africa, Mozambique and Ethio- lot of partying and on one surreal evening pia. Nothing however, compared to the found ourselves at a jazz event when in sense of pride and achievement amongst walked Beyonce, Jayzee and Puff Daddy African Americans, that I discovered dur- (whatever he is calling himself). Jayzee was ing my visit to Washington DC for the kind enough to allow us to take photo- Inauguration. graphs (even when their security tried to I Never Thought I Would See This Day African Americans that I spoke to block us). Of course no visit to the USA were not of the opinion that Barack’s vic- would be complete without actually meet- tory was going to change things overnight, ing the President - that was not possible or that he could miraculously improved the so I went to Philadelphia to meet up with serious economic plight that the USA is Ras Mora, the President of the Ethiopian now suffering from or that he could meet World Federation Inc instead! the needs of all black people. What was We have to give thanks for clear however, was that this victory was a Barack’s victory as that in itself was a very long time coming! Before this victory the symbolic moment in African history. USA had 43 white male presidents! In a When it comes to USA elections democ- country that is basically a European vision racy doesn’t seem to apply, despite the fact built by African labour - for free- there that American ‘observers’ at elections in clearly should be more African representa- other countries are always quick to con- tion in Government, particularly bearing demn the results, we are never quite sure in mind the large size of the African com- how they arrive at their results. But then munity. we should have seen this victory coming as For my part, I was just happy the only time ‘black’ people get to manage to see an African family occupying the is when they are handed a sinking ship....! most important house - that Africans had Lets hope Barack can keep it afloat for a built. I was glad to see the White House while longer as I have some great bredrin turn BLACK! How well a job Barack and sistren in the USA, and give thanks and the Democrats do remain to be seen, to all those that made my Inauguration they certainly cannot do worst than the day extra special. I have included a few previous administration. I also admire photographic highlights including some Barack’s attitude towards family, embrac- of the numerous African American elders ing his extended family from around the that came out on what was an exception- world and engaging with them, his step ally cold day. It really was their day after mother (Kenyan wife of the Kenyan father all they had been through and it was these he barely knew) left London for DC at the elders that defined the history and symbol- same time I was travelling. As the descend- ism of the event. ent of enslaved Africans, it is a real victory for I to see Michelle Obama as ‘first lady’. The love and admiration that Barack has for his wife Michelle is great to behold and such a rarity in the African community. When I departed for DC, I expected to just soak up the atmosphere in DC but soon after arriving I discov- ered that I was to be part of a ABC News Wheelchair or Not, I Will Get There film on ‘how African American families There were so many glamourous elders 13 Mainstream
Its Good to Know That There Will be Real Love Making in the White No Crime Reports Despite The Large Numbers Moving Around DC House Now” Says Tania
Puff Daddy and Koura (Right) Beyonce Knowles
ABC News Crew Films Koura’s ‘Family’ at Inauguration Party
Written by Malieka Robinson Local 111, Birmingham, UK
14 Letters
Bless Humble Greetings Give much thanks for forwarding me a copy of Voice Of Ethiopia. I would just like to thank you for I am full of joy and excitement the copies of the VOE you sent I. on just looking through the three Keep up the good works, and it is editions, I like the look sorry I more inspiration for InI here in Love the look of the page and the Azania. Things are not so easy lay out of the articles. here as InI is dealing with lots of ignorance from within InI and The pictures are brilliantly beauti- also from without. There is still ful and captures the full emotion alot of education that needs to of the events bringing out the full be done within RasTafari com- joy of InI people. munities here, but most especially amongst the majority of our Black I am impressed with the unity and People down here. InI give maxi- bringing together the voice of InI mum Raspect to the crew that is international community Via The producing the VOE and may you VOE. keep up the Blessed works.
Blessed love and a grateful thank His Majesty Bless InI all. you to the team for your massive mantribution and forward pro- Ras Thandolwetu Sipuye gressive work. Cape Town, South Africa
I know an artist who may be able to provide cartoons/ funnies for the E-mag
More strength and blessings
Jah Blak Member London, UK
15 Marketplace
Hand Made Original Quilts The Ethiopian World Federation Inc Just in time for winter!! supports economic development in the African community! Also Afghans, Crowns & Crochet items “Other races spend 95% of
Details available on their income within myspacemothersoftheuniverse.com their own community, the
Delivery time depends on size, quantity, African community spends colour and specifics 95% of its income in other [email protected] communities” Tel: 1-323-712-1201 Dr Chika Onyeani author of Capitalist Nigger
Use the Marketplace to advertise goods and Shipping, moving and services produced and supplied by the furniture selling African community.
Contact [email protected] Lloyd Veitch (Local No. 27) Tel: 1-347-449-7111
S u p p o r t a n E l d e r
2 hour DVD Backyard Farming About Ras Rudolph Rodney a Pioneer How satisfying to grow your own food! residing on Land Grant in Starting April 2008 Shashamane Contact Available for £5.00 from Ras Seymour Mclean Lloyd Veitch (Local No. 27) Office of the Chaplain, Tel: 1-347-449-7111 Local No. 3, London [email protected]
Local 14 - Shashamane Postcard Fund-raising - Contact Ras Dawit Hunter for further information on this initiative
[email protected] 16 Marketplace
KWEMARA PUBLICATIONS
WRITING S E R V I C E S
From experienced, customer-friendly Editor
I will check/proof-read and edit/correct your book, article, or your thesis/dissertation to your needs
I will also advise on publishing your book.
PO Box 4902, London SE5 7EL, UK. Telephone + Fax: +44 (0) 207703 0193 E-mail: [email protected] ; Website: www.kwemara.co.uk
F r o m T h e P u b l i s h e r s o f R a s t a f a r i L i v i t y B o o k
Negusa Negast Local 3 Enterprise is a retail shop specialising in original goods from Ethiopia and Africa including garments, shamas natalas, T-shirts and hats for men, women and children (specialising in Rastafari garments). The shop also stocks books, magazines, posters, DVDs, videos, badges, pendants, artefacts, drums and flags (original Lion of Judah).
17 Contacts
Empress Menen, Local No 13 Local No 111 International P.O. Box 320611 P.O Box 266 Executive Council Hartford Eastern District Connecticut. 06123-0611 Birmingham B9 5SH T: +44 (0)586-070-4637 International President F: +44 (0)121-753-0715 Barrymore Tittle (Local No. 27) Emperor Yekuno Amlak Local No 16 P.O. Box 631 International First Vice President Seattle, Emma Young (Local No. 27) WA 98111-0631 T: 1-206-633-3470 Europe International Second Vice President E: [email protected] Trevor Clarke (Local No. 111) W: http://home.earthlink.net/~amlak/
International Treasurer Melaku E Bayen Local No 8 Joan Henry (Local No. 27) Melchizedek Local No 2 4 Rue Henri Duvernois 422 East 41st Street 75020 Paris International Organiser Los Angeles France Lloyd Robinson (Local No. 111) CA 90011 T. +33 (0)624-295465 T: 1-323-758-2104 E: [email protected] International Secretary E: [email protected]
Pauline Anderson (Local No. 3) E: [email protected] E: [email protected] International Chaplain Edna Ravenell (Local No. 2) Caribbean
Executive Officers Gabre Selassie, Local No 27 Gerald Small (Local No. 3) 3603 Boston Rd David Hunter (Local No. 14) The Ethiopian World Federation Local 5 Ivory Black (Local No. 27) Bronx NY 10466 Incorporated T: 1-718-798-3962 Ras Makonnen P.O. Box 3243 Christensted Fax: 718-513-0631 St. Croix Virgin Islands 00822 USA T: 340-713-9017
Mahel Safari Local No 49 P.O. Box 266 Headquarters Orrville Ethiopian World Federation Incorporated The Ethiopian World Federation 552 Atlantic Avenue Alabama 36767 Incorporated PBM 255 T: 1-757 256 3297 Local No 7 Brooklyn Bat Rondonia Appt n’ 7 NY 11217 Vert pre-97231 T: 1-800-398-8573 E: executivecouncil@ethiopianworld- Martinique federation.com UK FWI T: +596-65-96-25 Mobile +696-73-40-11 T: 340-713-9017 Negusa Negast Local No.3 King Alpha &Queen Omega P.O. Box 672 Local No 25 Would all Locals please Kennington ensure that correct contact details 5766 ½ Clemson Street London are forwarded to the Los Angles SE11 4AA VOE E-Newsletter CA 90016 A.S.A.P T: +44 (0)20-3177 3031 T: 1-323-938-1659
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