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Guideline for Identifying Marginal Terrains Suitable for RES Exploitation

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Guideline for Identifying Marginal Terrains Suitable for RES Exploitation Guideline How to apply common criteria for identifying and quantifying marginal terrains suitable for M2RES implementations v0.6 3rd April, 2012 1 Document History Ver. Date Changes Author Initial version, with core content and Flavia Di Noto and Donato 0.1 15/06/2011 skeleton Bedin Updated version with Partners 0.2 19/07/2011 Daniele Tondini contribution and homogeneous layout 0.3 20/07/2011 Added more Partners contribution Daniele Tondini Updated version with content Flavia Di Noto, Donato Bedin, 0.4 06/10/2011 integration Guido Tonini and Diego Santi 0.5 07/10/2011 Updated layout Daniele Tondini 0.6 03/04/2012 Added contribution from Ulcinj Daniele Tondini 2 Summary 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 4 2 Marginal areas definitions ........................................................................................................ 5 2.1 What are marginal areas? ................................................................................................. 5 2.2 General identification criteria ............................................................................................. 6 2.3 Marginal areas target of M2RES ....................................................................................... 7 2.3.1 Landfills definition ...................................................................................................... 8 2.3.2 Opencast quarries/mines definition .......................................................................... 10 2.3.3 Former military sites definition ................................................................................. 11 2.3.4 Brownfield-contaminated terrains ............................................................................. 12 3 Identification data for the different marginal lands and description of sources of information .. 15 3.1 Landfills .......................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Opencast quarries/mines ................................................................................................ 21 3.3 Former military sites........................................................................................................ 24 3.4 Brownfield-contaminated terrains .................................................................................... 26 3.5 Additional Option: Flood retention zones......................................................................... 29 4 Basic procedure to identify marginal lands suitable for M2RES implementation ..................... 30 4.1 First step: identification of sites ....................................................................................... 30 4.2 Second step: Definition and application of exclusion criteria ........................................... 34 4.3 Third step: further investigation criteria ........................................................................... 43 5 Potential regional availability of land for settlement of platform M2RES ................................. 51 6 Structure of the regional reports ............................................................................................. 54 3 1 Introduction This guide is intended to give guidance on how to operate the survey of the marginal areas at the regional level and how to make macro forecasts on the potential implementations of the M2RES platform technologies. Specific selection criteria and forecast issues, considered by Italian partners UCV and ENEA, will be briefly outlined for example. It will be also specified what should be the format of the regional report on the potential of M2RES implementations at Regional level. It is not mandatory that each partner follows the example given for Italy. What is mandatory for the partner is to provide the availability of reliable data of four types of marginal terrains (or any kind of marginal terrains that can be considered of relevant interest in the specific local situation of each M2RES regions) and to provide a report on estimates of M2RES installations’ potential at regional level in a common format, with in annex the description about how the estimate has been done, in case the method used differs from the one suggested in the guide. This information is necessary for the lead partner in order to judge the homogeneity of methods and data provided and in order to proceed with data aggregation and further wider considerations. 4 2 Marginal areas definitions 2.1 What are marginal areas? Marginality, in general, is considered as scarce productivity of an area, or scarce return of investment upon it. The M2RES action aims to increase renewable energy (ground photovoltaic, wind turbines, geothermal plants, ground thermodynamic CPS, Biogas CHP) in areas to be considered marginal or abandoned, or “zero value” areas, so giving them a new social reconsideration and economic requalification. The concept of MARGINALITY is a little bit complex and needs to be well explained. OECD says that marginal area is an area with a low level of quality for agricultural activity and unfit for housing use. Marginal areas seem natural areas that are unfit for any human use, because of their geographic and pedologic characteristics. If we pay attention to urban areas, it’s easy to note that new marginal areas exist, and they are “by products” of the modern industrial system. Precisely, the focus is on those areas difficult to re-use, whenever impossible, because of the big impact caused by the human intervention: for example, you can consider dumps of urban solid waste in exhaustion or areas heavily polluted by industrial activities. Often these new marginal areas are included into the city’s bound; instead old marginal areas are generally outside cities. Industrial areas no longer in use represent a big problem difficult to solve, because of heavy costs of reclamation necessary for a requalification. Regarding new marginal areas, the military ones have to be considered as they are “strategically” located throughout the national territories. Moreover they have lost their military function and their economic importance and nowadays it is customary to cross large lands in a total and desperate state of abandonment. They are not overseen and their state of marginality depends, first of all, on their specific function and, in second place, on legal-administrative inertia, that often stops any attempts for a new use. Moreover, marginal areas haven’t got any hidden utility for the society, and they very often represent a burden for the community; an area with no significance as its primary use has been carried out. They are like green-brown sarcophagus which none is interested in. In the next chapters general identification criteria will be outlined and targets of M2RES project will be more deeply described. 5 2.2 General identification criteria Marginal areas can be identified both by economic and environmental point of view, without forgetting the current requirements of reducing to the minimum the ground consumption and the urban sprawl. Spotting the marginality of a surface is not an easy issue of immediate resolution. Beyond the geographical aspect, an area can be considered “marginal” according to its function. A land which has no possibility to be immediately used has instead good chances to be tagged as “marginal”. The marginal utility of an area be intrinsic, induced or latent. It is “intrinsic” when it is indivisible from the area itself. It can be induced when its use value is cancelled by political choices, non- residential zones due to the presence of infrastructures, or when it is recorded in the register office as a polluted site of national importance. Finally, it is instead “latent” when some areas, sometime of great size, are completely abandoned due to their specific legal standings. The “marginal”, sterile and “zero value” areas are those that for some reasons have no more benefits for the society or even worse, they are a burden for the society. They become “dumps” where often there is a dilemma about what to do once their primary function has been carried out. The territory or more precisely the cartographic description of the marginal areas are not a vacuum or a blank space; they are sometimes well known and well defined by city urban plans and other times they are to be found in the meander of the explanations and geographical symbols. This is the reason why we it is important to start from the recognition of the local urban systems that allow the identification of the areas, their use and especially their regulatory rules. The higher hierarchical tools are important as well, because they allow the identification of “territorial frame” of great importance for the environment. From the urban tools in force it is possible to identify several territorial elements with the specific characteristics necessary to make them potential “marginal”. A first list of marginal areas is the following: 1. Open cast mines no longer in use 2. Open cast mines reaching the end of their useful life 3. Every kind of landfill out of use 4. Every kind of landfill almost abandoned 5. Degraded areas; lack of vegetation, unclassified as urban areas, areas to be transformed 6. Industrial areas no longer in use 7. Polluted areas to be reclaimed and recorded for Italy in the register office as Polluted Site (DM 25 October 1999 n. 471) 8. Arable land never seeded or without vegetation 9. Farm areas
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