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Monitoring the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis Capitata (Wied.) in Egypt

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Monitoring the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis Capitata (Wied.) in Egypt ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت آﻓﺎت ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ /3 ﺷﻤﺎره /1 ﺳﺎل 1392 ردﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي :.Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Dip (Tephritidae در ﺑﺎغ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران و ﺷﺮق اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن اﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻏﻼﻣﻴﺎن1* ، ﺳﻴﺮوس آﻗﺎﺟﺎﻧﺰاده2 و ﺑﻬﺮوز ﮔﻠﻌﻴﻦ 3 3 1 2و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻲ و اﺳ ﺘﺎد ﻳﺎر ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺨﺶ ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻛﺸﻮر 3 ، اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺨﺶ اﺻﻼح ﺑﺬر و ﻧﻬﺎل ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻛﺸﻮر ( ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ : /26 /10 91 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش /4/3: )92 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي (Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Dip., Tephritidae ﻳﻜﻲ ازﻣﺨﺮب ﺗﺮﻳﻦ آﻓﺎت ﻛﺸﺎورزي در ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ . اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ در اﻳﺮان از آﻓﺎت ﻗﺮﻧﻄﻴﻨﻪ اي داﺧﻠﻲ وﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﻮده ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻳﻚ وﻗﻔﻪ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ دوﺑﺎره در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺪﺷ . ﺪﺷ اوﻟﻴﻦ ﮔﺎم ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ ردﻳﺎﺑﻲ دﻗﻴﻖ آن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ در ﻃﻮل 150 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ از ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1391 - 1387 در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ( راﻣﺴﺮ، ﺗﻨﻜﺎﺑﻦ و ﭼﺎﻟﻮس ) و ﺷﺮق اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن ( ﭼﺎﺑﻜﺴﺮ، ﻛﻼﭼﺎي، رودﺳﺮ و ﻟﻨﮕﺮود ) در ﺑﺎغ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . دو ﻧﻮع ﺗﻠﻪ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻠﻪ Mcphail ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﺷ ﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ceratap و ﺗﻠﻪ Jackson ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎراﻓﺮوﻣﻮن Trimedlure ﺑﺮاي ردﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ آﻓﺖ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺎ زدﻳﺪ از ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻪﺑ ﻃﻮر ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم وﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﮕﺲ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻞ ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﻳ ﻦ آﻓﺖ در ﺳﺎل 1387 ﺗﻨﻬﺎ در دو ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﺎﻟﻮس و ﺗﻨﻜﺎﺑﻦ و در ﺳﺎل 1388 ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن راﻣﺴﺮ از ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ داﺷﺖ . ﺳﭙﺲ در ﺳﺎل 1389 از ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﺎﺑﻜﺴﺮ ﮔﺰارش و در ﺳﺎل 1390 ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺗﺮ در ﻛﻞ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﺷﺮق اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن ﺷﻴﻮع ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮد . ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ آﻓﺖ در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن از ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ آن در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي داراي ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﻜﺎﺑﻦ و ﭼﺎﻟﻮس ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي داراي ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ رودﺳﺮ و ﻟﻨﮕﺮود داﺷﺖ . ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﻓﺼﻠﻲ آﻓﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ داراي ﻳﻚ اوج ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻲ در ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎل ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ، ﺗﻠﻪ، ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﻓﺼﻠﻲ، ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت * ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل : [email protected] 60 ﻏﻼﻣ ﺎنﻴ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران، ﻲﺎﺑﻳرد ﻣﮕﺲ ﻮهﻴﻣ ﻳﻣﺪ ﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي Ceratitis capitata ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي ﻳﻜﻲ ازﻣﺨﺮب ﺗﺮﻳﻦ آﻓﺎت ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي در ﻣﻮﻧﺘﻪ ﻧﮕﺮو در ﺳﺎل 2003 ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﺸﺎورزي در ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ . ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر وﺳﻴﻊ آن در ﺟﻬﺎن، ﻛﻪ اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﺎر در ﻣﺎه ﻣﺮداد اﻧﺠﺎم و ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﮕﺲ در ﻃﻮل ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺷ ﺮاﻳﻂ آب وﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮد ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎه ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮر و ﻣﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﻮد رﺳﻴﺪ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در ﺳﺎل ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه و داﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻧﻲ وﺳﻴﻊ آن داراي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﺴﺎرت 2004 اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﺎر در ﻣﺎه ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮر و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ آن از اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي در ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه اﺳﺖ ( ,.Ronald اواﺧﺮﻣﺎه ﻣﻬﺮ ﺗﺎ اواﺳﻂ آﺑﺎن ﺑﻮد . در ﺳﺎل 2003 اوﻟﻴﻦ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ 1992 ). ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر در ﺳﺎل 1354 روي اﻧﺠﻴﺮ در اواﺧﺮ ﻣﺮداد و اواﻳﻞ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮر و روي اوﻟﻴﻦ روي ﻣﻴﻮه ﻫﻠﻮ در ﺑﺎغ ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺎﻏﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻃﺮاف اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه راه آﻫﻦ ﻧﺎرﻧﮕﻲ در اواﺳﻂ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮر ﺑﻮد . در ﺳﺎل 2004 ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺸﻬﺪ و ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺐ آن در ﺑﺎﻏﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺎغ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻞ و اﻃﺮاف دﻳﺮﺗﺮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﺪ و اوﻟﻴﻦ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ روي ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ارﻗﺎم اﻧﺠﻴﺮ و ﺷﻬﺮ ﻳﺰد ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺪﺷ . در ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1354 ﺗﺎ 1357 از در اواﺧﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮر و ﻣﻬﺮ ﺑﻮد . اﻣﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻋﻼﻳﻤﻲ روي ﻧﺎرﻧﮕﻲ- اﻃﺮاف ﺗﻬﺮان وﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺮﻗﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ( ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن- ﻫﺎي زودرس و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ . آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ روي ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺸﻬﺮ، ﺳﺎري، ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺷﻬﺮ، ﺑﺎﺑﻞ، ﺑﺎﺑﻠﺴﺮ، ﻣﺤﻤﻮدآﺑﺎد و ﻧﺎرﻧﮕﻲ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ دﻳﺮﺗﺮ و در ﻃﻮل آﺑﺎن ﻣﻲ رﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ ( ﻧﻮر) ﮔﺰارش ﺪﺷ . اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان آﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮن Radonjic, 2006 ). ). آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ آﻓ ﺖ در ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1359 اﻟﻲ 1361 ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺎدرات ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران و ﮔﻴﻼن ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺎزي ﺷﺪ و از آن ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺗﺎ 1370 از ﺣﻀﻮر آﻓﺖ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ دﻳﮕﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ و ﺧﺎرج از ﻛﺸﻮر، ﺑﻴﻢ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل آﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﺰارﺷﻲ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ Sabzevari and) ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر زﻳﺎد اﺳﺖ . ﻟﺬا ﺑﻪ (Jafari, 1991 . ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻋﻨﻮان اوﻟﻴﻦ ﮔﺎم ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ ﻣﻬﻢ، ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1387 - 1385 ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت دﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺮاي ردﻳﺎﺑﻲ آن ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در داد ﻛﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﮕﺲ در ﺳﺎل 85 ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد آن در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﻼن و ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎري، ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺷﻬﺮ، ﺑﺎﺑﻞ،ﺟﻮﻳﺒﺎر، ﻧﻮر، ﻣﺤﻤﻮدآﺑﺎد، ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻫﺎ از اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎﺑﻠﺴﺮ و آﻣﻞ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﺳﺎل 86 ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮادﻛﻮه، ﻧﻮﺷﻬﺮ و ﺟﻬﺖ ﺻﺎدر ات اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد . از ﻃﺮف دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ زﻣﺎن ﭼﺎﻟﻮس ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮد و در ﺳﺎل 87 ﺑﻪ ﻧﻜﺎ، ﺑﻬﺸﻬﺮ و اوج ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ آﻓﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از روش ﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﺗﻨﻜﺎﺑﻦ رﺳﻴﺪ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن راﻣﺴﺮ ﻋﺎري از آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺑﻮد ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ زﻣﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد . ( Mirsardoo et al ., 2010 ). ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ ﻫﺎ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ردﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﺷﺎﻣﻞ : ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت وﺳﻴﻊ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮده اي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﻛﺸﻮر ﻫﺎي ﭼﺎﻟﻮس، ﺗﻨﻜﺎﺑﻦ و راﻣﺴﺮ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﺷﺮق اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﺧﺼﻮص اﻧﻮاع ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮاد ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﮕﺲ ﮔﻴﻼن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ : ﻟﻨﮕﺮود، رودﺳﺮ، ﻛﻼﭼﺎ ي و ﭼﺎﺑﻜﺴﺮدر ﺳﺎل- ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ( ,Kotsoyannos ﻫﺎي 1391 - 1387 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . در ﻫﺮ ﺷﻬﺮ 4 ﺑﺎغ ( در 4 ﺟﻬﺖ Olivero et a l., 2006 ;1999 ). ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ) اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎغ 4 ﺗﻠﻪ ي ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﮕﺲ روي اﻧﻮاع ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و ردﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪ . دو ﻧﻮع ﺗﻠﻪ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي در ﻣﺼﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻠﻪ Nadel ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮي - ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻠﻪ McPhail ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺪﻟﻮر ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻣﮕﺲ ﻧﺮ را داﺷﺖ . درﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻠﻪ Ceratap و ﺗﻠﻪ Jackson ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎراﻓﺮوﻣﻮن McPhail ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮوﺗﻴﻴﻦ ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﺰه ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﺎده و Trimedlure ﺑﺮاي ردﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ آﻓﺖ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻠﻪ McPhail ﺑﺎ دي آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮم ﻓﺴﻔﺎت ﻛﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻠﺐ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﺗﻠﻪ McPhail ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎده ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه Ceratap ﺑﻪ ﻣﮕﺲ را داﺷﺖ ( Hashem et al ., 1987 ). ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ردﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻴﺰان 250 ﺗﺎ 300 ﺳﻲ ﺳﻲ و ﻫﺮ دو ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎر ﻃﻌﻤﻪ- ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت آﻓﺎت ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ، ﺟﻠﺪ 3 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 1، ﺳﺎل 1392 61 ﮔﺬاري ﻣﻲﺷﺪ . ﺗﻠﻪ ﻓﺮوﻣﻮﻧﻲ ﺟﻜﺴﻮن ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪه ي ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه از ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ د ر ﺳﺎل ﺣﺎوي ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪد ﭘﺎراﻓﺮﻣﻮن ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه Trimedlure ﻃﻌ ﻤﻪ- 1389 ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اوﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﻮرد از ﺟﻠﺐ ﻣﮕﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺬاري و ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﺎه ﻳﻜﺒﺎر ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮع ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه از ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﺎﻟﻮس در اردﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎه و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮي آﻓﺖ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮي ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻋﻤﺪه در اﻳﻦ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﮕﺲ ﺷﻜﺎر ﺷﺪه ﻧﻴﺰ در اﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﻣﺎه و از ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ و ﺗﻌﺪادي ﻧﻴﺰ در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي اﻃﺮاف ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ راﻣﺴﺮ ﺑﻮد . ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر در ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺎه 1389 ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه در ارﺗﻔﺎع 200 - 150 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮي از ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ و در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﺎﺑﻜﺴﺮ و از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﺮوﻻت ﺟﻠ ﺐ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ درﺧﺖ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ داﺧﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺑﺎزدﻳﺪ از ﺗﻠﻪﻫﺎ ﺷ ﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ آن زﻣﺎن ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻲ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎل اﻧﺠﺎم و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي از اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن ﮔﺰارش ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﻮد ( ﺟﺪول 1). داﺧﻞ ﺗﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه آﻓﺎت ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ردﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي در ﺳﺎل 1390 ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪ . ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﻨﻮﻛﻮﻻر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه از ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎل ﻣﮕﺲ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻞ ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺷﻤﺎرش و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ زﻣﺎن ﺑﺎزدﻳﺪ 1390 ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اوﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺷﻜﺎر ﻣﮕﺲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﺪاد آن ﻫﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺎغ ﻫﺎي ﻏﺮب ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران در اردﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎه و از ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن راﻣﺴﺮ ﺑﻮد و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﮕﺲ ﺷﻜﺎر ﺷﺪه ﻧﻴﺰ ردﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺪﻳﺘ ﺮاﻧﻪ اي در ﺳﺎل 1387 در اﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﻣﺎه از اﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻮد . ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر در ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺎه ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه از ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎل 1390 ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﻨﮕﺮود ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ( راﻣﺴﺮ، ﺗﻨﻜﺎﺑﻦ و ﭼﺎﻟﻮس) و ( روﺳﺘﺎي ﭘﺮﺷﻜﻮه ) ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺷﻜﺎر ﺷﺪ ( ﺟﺪول 1). ﺷﺮق اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن ( ﭼﺎﺑﻜﺴﺮ، ﻛﻼﭼﺎي، رودﺳﺮ و ﻟﻨﮕﺮود ) در ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﮕﺲ ﺷﻜﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 6 ﻣﺎﻫﻪ دوم ﺳﺎل 1387 ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران اﻳﻦ -1390 13987 آﻓﺖ در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﭼﺎﻟﻮس و ﺗﻨﻜﺎﺑﻦ از ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺎه ﺷﺮوع ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ 1 ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﮕﺲ ﺷﻜﺎر ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻧﻤﻮده و آﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ در دي ﻣﺎه ﺷﻜﺎر ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﺎه - ﺷﺪه در ﻫﺮ ﺗﻠﻪ در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﭼﺎﻟﻮس و ﺗﻨﻜﺎﺑﻦ در ﻃﻮل 6 ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﻤﻦ و اﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﺷﻜﺎري در ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ . در ﺳﺎﻳﺮ دوم ﺳﺎل 1387 ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 75/0 و 7/0 ﻣﮕﺲ در ﻫﺮ ﺗﻠﻪ، در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺷﻜﺎر ﻧﺸ ﺪ ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎل 1388 در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﭼﺎﻟﻮس ، ﺗﻨﻜﺎﺑﻦ و راﻣﺴﺮ ﺑﻪ ( ﺟﺪول 1). ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 08/4، 18/4 و 08/0 ﻣﮕﺲ در ﻫﺮ ﺗﻠﻪ ،در ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎل ردﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﮕﺲ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي در ﺳﺎل 1388 1389 در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﭼﺎﻟﻮس، ﺗﻨﻜﺎﺑﻦ، راﻣﺴﺮ و ﭼﺎﺑﻜﺴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷ ﺪه از ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 83/7، 08/8 و 91/4 و 91/0 ﻣﮕﺲ در ﻫﺮ ﺗﻠﻪ و در ﻃﻮل ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اوﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﻮرد از ﺷﻜﺎر ﻣﮕﺲ در ﺳﺎل 1390 در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﭼﺎﻟﻮس ، ﺗﻨﻜﺎﺑﻦ ، راﻣﺴﺮ ، ﭼﺎﺑﻜﺴﺮ ﺧﺮداد ﻣﺎه و از ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻨﻜﺎﺑﻦ ﺑﻮد و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ وﻗﻔﻪ ﻳﻚ ،ﻛﻼﭼﺎي و ﻟﻨﮕﺮود ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 91/ 10 ، 41/ 12 ، 7/58، 8/5 ﻣﺎﻫﻪ از ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﺎﻟﻮس و در ﻣﺮداد ﻣﺎه از ﺳﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ .
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