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Article 2426 2E61704040c061a

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Article 2426 2E61704040c061a ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻏﻼت دوره ﻫﻔﺘﻢ / ﺷﻤﺎره اول / ﺑﻬﺎر 1396 ( 31 -17 ) د مم ورزورز ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﺷﻤﺎل ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻫﺎي رﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﺗﺮﻧﮓ *1 و ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ2 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: /7/25 94 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش: /12 /11 94 94 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ اﻳﺮان از دﻳﺮﺑﺎز در ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﺧﻴﺰ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﻲﺷ ﻮﻧ ﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎن ﻣﺘﻤﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً زﻳﺎدي ﻣﻤﻜ ﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام از ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﻮد. از ﭼﻨﺪ ﻳﻦ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮن ، ﻛﺸﺖ رﻗﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ از ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ ، راﻳﺞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﺖ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن و ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران و ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻢ اﻛﻨﻮن ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎﺷ ﻤﻲ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دارد. ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل، رﻗﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺎم واﺣﺪ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، از ﻟﺤﺎظ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣ ﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و ﻃﻮل دوره رﺷﺪ و ﺣﺘﻲ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻇﺎﻫﺮي داﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﺴﻴﺎر زﻳﺎدي ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺮ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣ ﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر زﻳﺎد اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ آﻳﺎ در درون اﻳﻦ رﻗﻢ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد؟ ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، اﺑﺘﺪا 87 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 30 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ از ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن، 42 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ از ﺷﺮق اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن و 15 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻛﺸﻮر در رﺷﺖ در ﺳﺎل 1393 ﻛﺸﺖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ 20 ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ رﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮار ه ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻮع ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً زﻳﺎدي در ﺑﻴﻦ 87 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ وﺟﻮد دارد و از اﻳﻦ رو ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ آﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، در ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮده ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﺘﻨﻮع اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در اﺛﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺬ رﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ و اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً اﺧﺘﻼط ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺬر ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﻮﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮده ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﺘﻨﻮع ﺗﺒﺪﻳ ﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ، ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻳﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎ در ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ژن ﺑﺮﻧﺞ اﻳﺮان و اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﻠﻮب آن ﻫﺎ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﻧﮋادي ، ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﺎزي اﻳﻦ ﺗﻮده ﻣﺘﻨﻮع ﻧﻴﺰ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ رﺑﺬ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎ در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻛﺸﺎورزان ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد . واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ، ﺧﻠﻮص ﺑﺬر ، رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ -1 اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺷﻌﺒﻪ ﮔﻴﻼن، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه ﺑﻴﻮﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﻛﺸﺎورزي اﻳﺮان، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﺞ ﻛﺸﺎورزي، رﺷﺖ، اﻳﺮان -2 اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺨﺶ اﺻﻼح و ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺑﺬر، ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻛﺸﻮر، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﺞ ﻛ ﺸﺎورزي، رﺷﺖ، اﻳﺮان * ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل: [email protected] 17 ﺗﺮﻧ ﮓ و ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻏﻼت/ دوره ﻫﻔﺘﻢ / ﺷﻤﺎره اول/ ﺑﻬﺎر 1396 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ رﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار دادﻧﺪ و در ﻣﺠﻤـﻮع 890 آﻟـﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ، ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗـ ﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻻت ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ در ﭼﺮﺧـﻪ ﻣﺸــﺎﻫﺪه ﻛﺮدﻧــﺪ. ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮﻳﻦ و ﻛﻤﺘــﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴــﺰان ﻣﺤﺘــﻮاي ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ اﻧﺴﺎن اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮريﻛﻪ ﻏﺬاي اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑـﻴﺶ از ﻧﻴﻤـﻲ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭼﻨﺪﺷﻜﻠﻲ ( PIC ) ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﺑـﺮاي ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي از ﻣﺮدم ﺟﻬﺎن و ﺑﻪوﻳﮋه ﻓﻘﻴﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺸﺮ ﻣﺮدم دﻧﻴﺎ را ﺗـ ﺄ ﻣﻴﻦ RM473 و RM420 و ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺷـﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮﻧﺞ از ﮔﻴﺎﻫـﺎن زراﻋـﻲ ﻣﻬـﻢ در ﻗـﺎره آﺳﻴﺎﺳـﺖ و ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ 71/0 اﻋﻼم ﺷـﺪ . در ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ دﻳﮕـﺮي ، ﺑﻴﺶ از 90 درﺻﺪ آن در آﺳـﻴﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ و ﻣﺼـﺮف ﻣ ـﻲﺷـﻮ د 69 رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ از ﺟﻨﺲ اﻳﻨﺪﻳﻜﺎ و ژاﭘﻨﻴﻜﺎ ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎ د ه از 26 (FAO, 2014). در ﻫﺮ ﻛﺸﻮري ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻣﺼـﺮف ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ رﻳﺰﻣﺎ ﻫﻮاره ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 218 آ ﻟﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه و ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن، ﻧﻮع ارﻗـﺎم ﺑﺮﻧﺠـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻣـﻮرد ﻛﺸـﺖ وﻛـﺎر ﻗـﺮا ر ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴــﺰان اﻃﻼﻋــﺎت ﭼﻨــﺪ ﺷــﻜﻠﻲ ﺑــﺮا ي ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ، ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺼـﺮف ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﮔﺎن اﻳﺮاﻧـﻲ، RM259 و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ آن ﺑـﺮا ي ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮ RM148 ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺠﻲ ﺧﻮش ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋـﻼوه ﺑـﺮ ﻇـﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ از ﺷـﺪ ( Giarrocco et al., 2007 ). ﺳـ ﻲﺗـﺎرام و ﻫﻤﻜـﺎران ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﭘﺨﺖ و ﺧﻮراك ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮردار ﺑـﻮده و ﭘـﺲ از ( Seetharam et al., 2009 ) ﺑـــﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـــﻪ ﺗﻨـــﻮع ﭘﺨﺖ، داﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻧﭽﺴـﺒﻨﺪ ( ,Hosseini and Sorkhe ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ 30 رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻫﻨـﺪ، ﻻﻳـ ﻦﻫـﺎي 2015 ). ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻛﻪ از دﻳﺮﺑﺎز در ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ و رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻮري ﺑﻮدﻧـ ﺪ ، ﺑـﺎ اﻳﺮان ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ، ﺑﺴـﻴﺎر ﺧـﻮش ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺖ ﺑـﻮده و ﺑـﻪ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از 35 ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﮕﺮ رﻳﺰﻣــﺎﻫﻮاره ﮔــﺰارش ﻛﺮدﻧــﺪ ﻛــﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺖ ﭘﺨـﺖ، ﻋﻄـﺮ و ﻃﻌـﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭼﻨﺪﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﻳﺮاﻧـﻲ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي RM274 و RM580 و ﻣﻴـﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ دﻟﻴﻞ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﺖ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ 46/0 ﺑـﻮد. ﭘﺮاﺑﺎﻛـﺎران و ﻫﻤﻜـﺎرا ن ( ,.Prabakaran et al ﺑﺮﻧﺞﺧﻴﺰ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﮔﻴﻼن، ﻣﺎزﻧـﺪران و ﺗـﺎ ﺣـﺪي اﺳـﺘﺎن 2010 ) ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ 12 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ را ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 5 ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﺖ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دارد. رﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ. از ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎر ﺑـﺮده رﻗﻢ ﺑـﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﺤﻠـﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻧـﺎم ﻫﺎﺷـﻤﻲ، ﺑـﻪ دﻟﻴـﻞ داﺷـﺘﻦ ﺷــﺪه در اﻳــﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴــﻖ، RM481 ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌــﺪاد آﻟــﻞ و ﺧﺼ ﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﭘﺨﺖ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭼﻨﺪﺷﻜﻠﻲ را ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي دارد و ﻛﺸﺎورزان ﻃﺒﺦ ﻛﺎر و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( Tabkhkar et al., 2012 ) ﺗﻨـﻮع ﻛﺸﺖ اﻳﻦ رﻗﻢ را ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ رﻗﻢﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻣـ ﻲدﻫﻨـﺪ. ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ 48 رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ را ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 7 ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮ رﻳﺰﻣـﺎﻫﻮاره رﻗﻢ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب از ﺗﻮده ﻣﺤﻠـﻲ ﺑـﺮﻧﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎ ﻟﻴﻨﻜـﺎژ زﻳـﺎدي ﺑـﺎ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ، در ﺳﻄﺢ وﺳﻴﻌﻲ از ﺷـﺎﻟﻴﺰارﻫﺎي ﻛﺸـﻮر ﻛﺸـﺖ QTLﻫــﺎي اﺻــﻠﻲ ﻛﻨﺘــﺮل ﻛﻨﻨــﺪه ﺻــﻔﺎت ﻛﻴﻔــﻲ ﭘﺨــﺖ و ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، اﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻮ ع زﻳﺎدي در اﻳﻦ رﻗﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و ﺑـﻪ ﺧﻮراك ﺑـﺮﻧﺞ ( GC ، AC و GT) واﻗـﻊ روي ﺑـﺎزوي ﻛﻮﺗـﺎه ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲرﺳﺪ آﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻛﺸﺖ و ﻛـﺎر ﻛﺮوﻣﻮزوم ﺷﻤﺎره 6 داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت آن ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪي ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد، در واﻗﻊ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮده ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻲ و ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴــﻴﻞ ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي رﻳﺰﻣــﺎﻫ ﻮاره را ﺟﻬــﺖ ﺗﺸــﺨﻴﺺ از ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ اﺳـﺖ. از ﻃﺮﻓـﻲ ﻛﺸـﺎورزان ﺑـﺮاي رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﻮع GC ، AC و GT ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺮد. ﻛﺸﺖ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ از ﺑـﺬرﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﻣﺼـﺮﻓﻲ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده اﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ، ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎ ي RM314 و RM276 را ﺣـﺎوي ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻳﺠـﺎد ﺗﻨـﻮع و ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼـﻲ در ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺟﻬـﺖ اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺑـ ﻪﻛﻤـﻚ ﻧﺸـﺎ ﻧﮕ ﺮ ﺑﺬر ﺷﺪه و ﻃﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل زراﻋﻲ، ﺗﻮدهﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ از رﻗـﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ. ﻣﺘﻴﻦ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( Matin et al., 2012 ) ﺑﻪ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ. ازﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻧﻘﺶ زﻳـﺎدي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻨـﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜـﻲ 12 رﻗـﻢ ﺑـﺮﻧﺞ ﺑـﻮﻣﻲ ﺑـﻨﮕﻼدش ﺑـ ﺎ در ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آﻣﺪن ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ دارﻧﺪ و از اﻳﻦ رو ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 18 ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ رﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 79 آﮔﺎﻫﻲ از ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺟﻤﻌﻴـ ﺖﻫـﺎ اﻏﻠـﺐ ﺗﻨـﻮع آ ﻟﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ آ ﻟﻞﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷـﺪه 4/39 ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ ژﻧﻮم ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد. ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ و ﻛﻤﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴـﺰان اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮن ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن زﻳﺎدي در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ژرم ﭼﻨﺪﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣـﺪه 782/0 و 477 0/ ﺑـﻮد و ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﭘﻼﺳــﻢﻫــﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺑــﺮﻧﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳــﻲ ﻛــﺮدهاﻧــﺪ. ﻻﭘﻴﺘــﺎن و RM13 ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان PIC را داﺷﺖ. ﺣﺴﻴﻦ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ﻫﻤﻜــﺎران ( Lapitan et al., 2007 ) 24 رﻗــﻢ ﺑــﺮﻧﺞ ﺑــﺎ ( Hossain et al., 2012 ) ﺑــﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از 24 ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴــﺖ ﭘﺨــﺖ ﻣﻄﻠــﻮب را ﺑــﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از 164 ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﮕﺮ رﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ 12 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴـﭗ ﺑـﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﻌﻄـﺮ ﺑـﻨﮕﻼدش 18 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﺷﻤﺎل ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻏﻼت/ دوره ﻫﻔﺘﻢ / ﺷﻤﺎره اول/ ﺑﻬﺎر 1396 ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ و اﻋﻼم ﻛﺮدﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮ RM163 ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺑـﻴﻦ آ نﻫـﺎ، ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪ زﻳﺮﺟﻤﻌﻴـﺖ ﻣﻴﺰان اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭼﻨﺪﺷﻜﻠﻲ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داد . ﭘﺮاﺗﻔﺎ و (زﻳﺮﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ اول ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 30 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻏـﺮب اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( Prathepha et al., 2012 ) ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ 100 رﻗﻢ ﮔﻴﻼن، زﻳﺮﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ دوم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 42 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷـﺮق ﺑــﺮﻧﺞ ﻧــﻮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨـ ـﺪ و ﻻﺋــﻮس ﺑــﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از 7 ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﺳــﺘﺎن ﮔــﻴﻼن و زﻳﺮﺟﻤﻌﻴــﺖ ﺳــﻮم ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ 15 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴــﭗ از رﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮاره، ﮔﺰارش ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 83 آ ﻟﻞ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪه اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران) ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﺳﺎل زراﻋـﻲ دوم (ﺳـﺎل ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻫﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ 85/11 ﺑـﻮ د . ﺑﺮرﺳـ ﻲﻫـﺎي ﺗﻨـﻮع 1393 ) ﺧﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ در ﺧﺰاﻧﻪ ﻛﺸﺖ و ﺳـﭙﺲ در ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ژرم ﭘﻼﺳﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻻﺋﻮس ﺗﻨـﻮع ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ در ﻛﺮت ﻫﺎي 12 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد 6×2 ﻣﺘـﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ دارد . ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 25 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ از ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮف ﻧﺸﺎ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳــﻴﻨﮓ و ﻫﻤﻜــﺎران ( Singh et al., 2013 ) ﺗﻨــﻮع ﻣﺰرﻋﻪاي در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺼﻞ زراﻋﻲ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ روش راﻳـﺞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﻣﻮﺟــﻮد در 35 رﻗــﻢ ﺑــﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﺤﻠــﻲ ﻫﻨــﺪ را ﺑــﺎ 25 ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺼـﻞ زراﻋـﻲ، ﺑﻮﺗـ ﻪﻫـﺎي ﺧـﺎرج از رده ر ﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ. آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﻴـﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﻌـﺪاد آﻟـ ﻞﻫـ ﺎ را دﻗﻴﻘﺎً ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و ﺑﺎ ﺣﺬف آنﻫﺎ، ژﻧﻮﺗﻴـ ﭗﻫـﺎ ﺧـﺎﻟ ﺺﺳـﺎزي 4/2 و ﻣﻴﺰان PIC را ﺑﻴﻦ 41/0 ﺗﺎ 90/0 ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴـﺎﻧﮕﻴ ﻦ 79/0 ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﭘﻨﺠـ ﻪدﻫـﻲ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧـ ﻪﻫـﺎي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آو ردﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي رﻗﻢﻫـﺎ را ﺑـﻪ دو ﮔـﺮوه ﺑﺮﮔﻲ ﻫﺮ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج DNA ژﻧﻮﻣﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ. O.rufipogon و O.nivara ﺗﻘﺴــﻴﻢ ﻛ ﺮد ﻧــﺪ. ﺳــﺮاﻳﻠﻮ و ﻫﻤﻜـﺎران ( Sarayloo et al., 2015) ﺗﻨـﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜـﻲ 22 اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎ و اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ را ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 22 ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ رﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج DNA از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔـﻲ ﺑـﻪ روش CTAB ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ. در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ آن ﻫﺎ ا ﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ ( Murray and Thompson, 1980 ) . ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 106 آﻟـﻞ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪه ﺷـﺪ و ﻣﻴـﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ آﻟـ ﻞﻫـﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻘﺸـﻪ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜـﻲ اراﻳـﻪ ﺷـﺪه ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه 82/4 ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺑـﻮد.
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