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ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻏﻼت دوره ﻫﻔﺘﻢ / ﺷﻤﺎره اول / ﺑﻬﺎر 1396 ( 31 -17 ) د مم ورزورز ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﺷﻤﺎل ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻫﺎي رﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﺗﺮﻧﮓ *1 و ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ2 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: /7/25 94 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش: /12 /11 94 94 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ اﻳﺮان از دﻳﺮﺑﺎز در ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﺧﻴﺰ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﻲﺷ ﻮﻧ ﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎن ﻣﺘﻤﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً زﻳﺎدي ﻣﻤﻜ ﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام از ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﻮد. از ﭼﻨﺪ ﻳﻦ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮن ، ﻛﺸﺖ رﻗﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ از ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ ، راﻳﺞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﺖ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن و ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران و ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻢ اﻛﻨﻮن ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎﺷ ﻤﻲ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دارد. ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل، رﻗﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺎم واﺣﺪ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، از ﻟﺤﺎظ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣ ﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و ﻃﻮل دوره رﺷﺪ و ﺣﺘﻲ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻇﺎﻫﺮي داﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﺴﻴﺎر زﻳﺎدي ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺮ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣ ﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر زﻳﺎد اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ آﻳﺎ در درون اﻳﻦ رﻗﻢ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد؟ ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، اﺑﺘﺪا 87 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 30 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ از ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن، 42 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ از ﺷﺮق اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن و 15 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻛﺸﻮر در رﺷﺖ در ﺳﺎل 1393 ﻛﺸﺖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ 20 ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ رﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮار ه ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻮع ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً زﻳﺎدي در ﺑﻴﻦ 87 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ وﺟﻮد دارد و از اﻳﻦ رو ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ آﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، در ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮده ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﺘﻨﻮع اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در اﺛﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺬ رﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ و اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً اﺧﺘﻼط ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺬر ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﻮﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮده ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﺘﻨﻮع ﺗﺒﺪﻳ ﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ، ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻳﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎ در ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ژن ﺑﺮﻧﺞ اﻳﺮان و اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﻠﻮب آن ﻫﺎ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﻧﮋادي ، ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﺎزي اﻳﻦ ﺗﻮده ﻣﺘﻨﻮع ﻧﻴﺰ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ رﺑﺬ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎ در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻛﺸﺎورزان ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد . واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ، ﺧﻠﻮص ﺑﺬر ، رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ -1 اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺷﻌﺒﻪ ﮔﻴﻼن، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه ﺑﻴﻮﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﻛﺸﺎورزي اﻳﺮان، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﺞ ﻛﺸﺎورزي، رﺷﺖ، اﻳﺮان -2 اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺨﺶ اﺻﻼح و ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺑﺬر، ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻛﺸﻮر، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﺞ ﻛ ﺸﺎورزي، رﺷﺖ، اﻳﺮان * ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل: [email protected] 17 ﺗﺮﻧ ﮓ و ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻏﻼت/ دوره ﻫﻔﺘﻢ / ﺷﻤﺎره اول/ ﺑﻬﺎر 1396 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ رﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار دادﻧﺪ و در ﻣﺠﻤـﻮع 890 آﻟـﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ، ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗـ ﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻻت ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ در ﭼﺮﺧـﻪ ﻣﺸــﺎﻫﺪه ﻛﺮدﻧــﺪ. ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮﻳﻦ و ﻛﻤﺘــﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴــﺰان ﻣﺤﺘــﻮاي ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ اﻧﺴﺎن اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮريﻛﻪ ﻏﺬاي اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑـﻴﺶ از ﻧﻴﻤـﻲ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭼﻨﺪﺷﻜﻠﻲ ( PIC ) ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﺑـﺮاي ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي از ﻣﺮدم ﺟﻬﺎن و ﺑﻪوﻳﮋه ﻓﻘﻴﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺸﺮ ﻣﺮدم دﻧﻴﺎ را ﺗـ ﺄ ﻣﻴﻦ RM473 و RM420 و ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺷـﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮﻧﺞ از ﮔﻴﺎﻫـﺎن زراﻋـﻲ ﻣﻬـﻢ در ﻗـﺎره آﺳﻴﺎﺳـﺖ و ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ 71/0 اﻋﻼم ﺷـﺪ . در ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ دﻳﮕـﺮي ، ﺑﻴﺶ از 90 درﺻﺪ آن در آﺳـﻴﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ و ﻣﺼـﺮف ﻣ ـﻲﺷـﻮ د 69 رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ از ﺟﻨﺲ اﻳﻨﺪﻳﻜﺎ و ژاﭘﻨﻴﻜﺎ ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎ د ه از 26 (FAO, 2014). در ﻫﺮ ﻛﺸﻮري ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻣﺼـﺮف ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ رﻳﺰﻣﺎ ﻫﻮاره ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 218 آ ﻟﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه و ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن، ﻧﻮع ارﻗـﺎم ﺑﺮﻧﺠـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻣـﻮرد ﻛﺸـﺖ وﻛـﺎر ﻗـﺮا ر ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴــﺰان اﻃﻼﻋــﺎت ﭼﻨــﺪ ﺷــﻜﻠﻲ ﺑــﺮا ي ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ، ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺼـﺮف ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﮔﺎن اﻳﺮاﻧـﻲ، RM259 و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ آن ﺑـﺮا ي ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮ RM148 ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺠﻲ ﺧﻮش ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋـﻼوه ﺑـﺮ ﻇـﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ از ﺷـﺪ ( Giarrocco et al., 2007 ). ﺳـ ﻲﺗـﺎرام و ﻫﻤﻜـﺎران ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﭘﺨﺖ و ﺧﻮراك ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮردار ﺑـﻮده و ﭘـﺲ از ( Seetharam et al., 2009 ) ﺑـــﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـــﻪ ﺗﻨـــﻮع ﭘﺨﺖ، داﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻧﭽﺴـﺒﻨﺪ ( ,Hosseini and Sorkhe ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ 30 رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻫﻨـﺪ، ﻻﻳـ ﻦﻫـﺎي 2015 ). ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻛﻪ از دﻳﺮﺑﺎز در ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ و رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻮري ﺑﻮدﻧـ ﺪ ، ﺑـﺎ اﻳﺮان ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ، ﺑﺴـﻴﺎر ﺧـﻮش ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺖ ﺑـﻮده و ﺑـﻪ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از 35 ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﮕﺮ رﻳﺰﻣــﺎﻫﻮاره ﮔــﺰارش ﻛﺮدﻧــﺪ ﻛــﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺖ ﭘﺨـﺖ، ﻋﻄـﺮ و ﻃﻌـﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭼﻨﺪﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﻳﺮاﻧـﻲ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي RM274 و RM580 و ﻣﻴـﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ دﻟﻴﻞ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﺖ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ 46/0 ﺑـﻮد. ﭘﺮاﺑﺎﻛـﺎران و ﻫﻤﻜـﺎرا ن ( ,.Prabakaran et al ﺑﺮﻧﺞﺧﻴﺰ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﮔﻴﻼن، ﻣﺎزﻧـﺪران و ﺗـﺎ ﺣـﺪي اﺳـﺘﺎن 2010 ) ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ 12 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ را ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 5 ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﺖ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دارد. رﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ. از ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎر ﺑـﺮده رﻗﻢ ﺑـﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﺤﻠـﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻧـﺎم ﻫﺎﺷـﻤﻲ، ﺑـﻪ دﻟﻴـﻞ داﺷـﺘﻦ ﺷــﺪه در اﻳــﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴــﻖ، RM481 ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌــﺪاد آﻟــﻞ و ﺧﺼ ﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﭘﺨﺖ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭼﻨﺪﺷﻜﻠﻲ را ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي دارد و ﻛﺸﺎورزان ﻃﺒﺦ ﻛﺎر و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( Tabkhkar et al., 2012 ) ﺗﻨـﻮع ﻛﺸﺖ اﻳﻦ رﻗﻢ را ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ رﻗﻢﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻣـ ﻲدﻫﻨـﺪ. ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ 48 رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ را ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 7 ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮ رﻳﺰﻣـﺎﻫﻮاره رﻗﻢ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب از ﺗﻮده ﻣﺤﻠـﻲ ﺑـﺮﻧﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎ ﻟﻴﻨﻜـﺎژ زﻳـﺎدي ﺑـﺎ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ، در ﺳﻄﺢ وﺳﻴﻌﻲ از ﺷـﺎﻟﻴﺰارﻫﺎي ﻛﺸـﻮر ﻛﺸـﺖ QTLﻫــﺎي اﺻــﻠﻲ ﻛﻨﺘــﺮل ﻛﻨﻨــﺪه ﺻــﻔﺎت ﻛﻴﻔــﻲ ﭘﺨــﺖ و ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، اﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻮ ع زﻳﺎدي در اﻳﻦ رﻗﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و ﺑـﻪ ﺧﻮراك ﺑـﺮﻧﺞ ( GC ، AC و GT) واﻗـﻊ روي ﺑـﺎزوي ﻛﻮﺗـﺎه ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲرﺳﺪ آﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻛﺸﺖ و ﻛـﺎر ﻛﺮوﻣﻮزوم ﺷﻤﺎره 6 داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت آن ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪي ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد، در واﻗﻊ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮده ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻲ و ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴــﻴﻞ ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي رﻳﺰﻣــﺎﻫ ﻮاره را ﺟﻬــﺖ ﺗﺸــﺨﻴﺺ از ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ اﺳـﺖ. از ﻃﺮﻓـﻲ ﻛﺸـﺎورزان ﺑـﺮاي رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﻮع GC ، AC و GT ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺮد. ﻛﺸﺖ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ از ﺑـﺬرﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﻣﺼـﺮﻓﻲ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده اﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ، ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎ ي RM314 و RM276 را ﺣـﺎوي ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻳﺠـﺎد ﺗﻨـﻮع و ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼـﻲ در ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺟﻬـﺖ اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺑـ ﻪﻛﻤـﻚ ﻧﺸـﺎ ﻧﮕ ﺮ ﺑﺬر ﺷﺪه و ﻃﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل زراﻋﻲ، ﺗﻮدهﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ از رﻗـﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ. ﻣﺘﻴﻦ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( Matin et al., 2012 ) ﺑﻪ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ. ازﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻧﻘﺶ زﻳـﺎدي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻨـﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜـﻲ 12 رﻗـﻢ ﺑـﺮﻧﺞ ﺑـﻮﻣﻲ ﺑـﻨﮕﻼدش ﺑـ ﺎ در ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آﻣﺪن ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ دارﻧﺪ و از اﻳﻦ رو ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 18 ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ رﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 79 آﮔﺎﻫﻲ از ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺟﻤﻌﻴـ ﺖﻫـﺎ اﻏﻠـﺐ ﺗﻨـﻮع آ ﻟﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ آ ﻟﻞﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷـﺪه 4/39 ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ ژﻧﻮم ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد. ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ و ﻛﻤﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴـﺰان اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮن ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن زﻳﺎدي در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ژرم ﭼﻨﺪﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣـﺪه 782/0 و 477 0/ ﺑـﻮد و ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﭘﻼﺳــﻢﻫــﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺑــﺮﻧﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳــﻲ ﻛــﺮدهاﻧــﺪ. ﻻﭘﻴﺘــﺎن و RM13 ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان PIC را داﺷﺖ. ﺣﺴﻴﻦ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ﻫﻤﻜــﺎران ( Lapitan et al., 2007 ) 24 رﻗــﻢ ﺑــﺮﻧﺞ ﺑــﺎ ( Hossain et al., 2012 ) ﺑــﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از 24 ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴــﺖ ﭘﺨــﺖ ﻣﻄﻠــﻮب را ﺑــﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از 164 ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﮕﺮ رﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ 12 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴـﭗ ﺑـﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﻌﻄـﺮ ﺑـﻨﮕﻼدش 18 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﺷﻤﺎل ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻏﻼت/ دوره ﻫﻔﺘﻢ / ﺷﻤﺎره اول/ ﺑﻬﺎر 1396 ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ و اﻋﻼم ﻛﺮدﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮ RM163 ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺑـﻴﻦ آ نﻫـﺎ، ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪ زﻳﺮﺟﻤﻌﻴـﺖ ﻣﻴﺰان اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭼﻨﺪﺷﻜﻠﻲ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داد . ﭘﺮاﺗﻔﺎ و (زﻳﺮﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ اول ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 30 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻏـﺮب اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( Prathepha et al., 2012 ) ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ 100 رﻗﻢ ﮔﻴﻼن، زﻳﺮﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ دوم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 42 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷـﺮق ﺑــﺮﻧﺞ ﻧــﻮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨـ ـﺪ و ﻻﺋــﻮس ﺑــﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از 7 ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﺳــﺘﺎن ﮔــﻴﻼن و زﻳﺮﺟﻤﻌﻴــﺖ ﺳــﻮم ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ 15 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴــﭗ از رﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮاره، ﮔﺰارش ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 83 آ ﻟﻞ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪه اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران) ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﺳﺎل زراﻋـﻲ دوم (ﺳـﺎل ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻫﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ 85/11 ﺑـﻮ د . ﺑﺮرﺳـ ﻲﻫـﺎي ﺗﻨـﻮع 1393 ) ﺧﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ در ﺧﺰاﻧﻪ ﻛﺸﺖ و ﺳـﭙﺲ در ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ژرم ﭘﻼﺳﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻻﺋﻮس ﺗﻨـﻮع ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ در ﻛﺮت ﻫﺎي 12 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد 6×2 ﻣﺘـﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ دارد . ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 25 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ از ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮف ﻧﺸﺎ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳــﻴﻨﮓ و ﻫﻤﻜــﺎران ( Singh et al., 2013 ) ﺗﻨــﻮع ﻣﺰرﻋﻪاي در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺼﻞ زراﻋﻲ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ روش راﻳـﺞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﻣﻮﺟــﻮد در 35 رﻗــﻢ ﺑــﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﺤﻠــﻲ ﻫﻨــﺪ را ﺑــﺎ 25 ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺼـﻞ زراﻋـﻲ، ﺑﻮﺗـ ﻪﻫـﺎي ﺧـﺎرج از رده ر ﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ. آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﻴـﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﻌـﺪاد آﻟـ ﻞﻫـ ﺎ را دﻗﻴﻘﺎً ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و ﺑﺎ ﺣﺬف آنﻫﺎ، ژﻧﻮﺗﻴـ ﭗﻫـﺎ ﺧـﺎﻟ ﺺﺳـﺎزي 4/2 و ﻣﻴﺰان PIC را ﺑﻴﻦ 41/0 ﺗﺎ 90/0 ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴـﺎﻧﮕﻴ ﻦ 79/0 ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﭘﻨﺠـ ﻪدﻫـﻲ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧـ ﻪﻫـﺎي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آو ردﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي رﻗﻢﻫـﺎ را ﺑـﻪ دو ﮔـﺮوه ﺑﺮﮔﻲ ﻫﺮ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج DNA ژﻧﻮﻣﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ. O.rufipogon و O.nivara ﺗﻘﺴــﻴﻢ ﻛ ﺮد ﻧــﺪ. ﺳــﺮاﻳﻠﻮ و ﻫﻤﻜـﺎران ( Sarayloo et al., 2015) ﺗﻨـﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜـﻲ 22 اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎ و اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ را ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 22 ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ رﻳﺰﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج DNA از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔـﻲ ﺑـﻪ روش CTAB ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ. در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ آن ﻫﺎ ا ﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ ( Murray and Thompson, 1980 ) . ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 106 آﻟـﻞ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪه ﺷـﺪ و ﻣﻴـﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ آﻟـ ﻞﻫـﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻘﺸـﻪ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜـﻲ اراﻳـﻪ ﺷـﺪه ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه 82/4 ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺑـﻮد.
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    Mayors for Peace Member Cities 2021/10/01 平和首長会議 加盟都市リスト ● Asia 4 Bangladesh 7 China アジア バングラデシュ 中国 1 Afghanistan 9 Khulna 6 Hangzhou アフガニスタン クルナ 杭州（ハンチォウ） 1 Herat 10 Kotwalipara 7 Wuhan ヘラート コタリパラ 武漢（ウハン） 2 Kabul 11 Meherpur 8 Cyprus カブール メヘルプール キプロス 3 Nili 12 Moulvibazar 1 Aglantzia ニリ モウロビバザール アグランツィア 2 Armenia 13 Narayanganj 2 Ammochostos (Famagusta) アルメニア ナラヤンガンジ アモコストス（ファマグスタ） 1 Yerevan 14 Narsingdi 3 Kyrenia エレバン ナールシンジ キレニア 3 Azerbaijan 15 Noapara 4 Kythrea アゼルバイジャン ノアパラ キシレア 1 Agdam 16 Patuakhali 5 Morphou アグダム（県） パトゥアカリ モルフー 2 Fuzuli 17 Rajshahi 9 Georgia フュズリ（県） ラージシャヒ ジョージア 3 Gubadli 18 Rangpur 1 Kutaisi クバドリ（県） ラングプール クタイシ 4 Jabrail Region 19 Swarupkati 2 Tbilisi ジャブライル（県） サルプカティ トビリシ 5 Kalbajar 20 Sylhet 10 India カルバジャル（県） シルヘット インド 6 Khocali 21 Tangail 1 Ahmedabad ホジャリ（県） タンガイル アーメダバード 7 Khojavend 22 Tongi 2 Bhopal ホジャヴェンド（県） トンギ ボパール 8 Lachin 5 Bhutan 3 Chandernagore ラチン（県） ブータン チャンダルナゴール 9 Shusha Region 1 Thimphu 4 Chandigarh シュシャ（県） ティンプー チャンディーガル 10 Zangilan Region 6 Cambodia 5 Chennai ザンギラン（県） カンボジア チェンナイ 4 Bangladesh 1 Ba Phnom 6 Cochin バングラデシュ バプノム コーチ（コーチン） 1 Bera 2 Phnom Penh 7 Delhi ベラ プノンペン デリー 2 Chapai Nawabganj 3 Siem Reap Province 8 Imphal チャパイ・ナワブガンジ シェムリアップ州 インパール 3 Chittagong 7 China 9 Kolkata チッタゴン 中国 コルカタ 4 Comilla 1 Beijing 10 Lucknow コミラ 北京（ペイチン） ラクノウ 5 Cox's Bazar 2 Chengdu 11 Mallappuzhassery コックスバザール 成都（チォントゥ） マラパザーサリー 6 Dhaka 3 Chongqing 12 Meerut ダッカ 重慶（チョンチン） メーラト 7 Gazipur 4 Dalian 13 Mumbai (Bombay) ガジプール 大連（タァリィェン） ムンバイ（旧ボンベイ） 8 Gopalpur 5 Fuzhou 14 Nagpur ゴパルプール 福州（フゥチォウ） ナーグプル 1/108 Pages
  • Effect of Beach-Seine Catching Activities on Changes of Substrate Structure in the Southern Coast of the Caspian Sea (In Rudsar and Chaboksar)

    Effect of Beach-Seine Catching Activities on Changes of Substrate Structure in the Southern Coast of the Caspian Sea (In Rudsar and Chaboksar)

    Journal of Marine Biology I. A. U. Ahvaz – Spring 2014 –VOL.21 Effect of beach-seine catching activities on changes of substrate structure in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea (in Rudsar and Chaboksar) Shahpoor Gholamy1 Abstract Maryam Shapoori2* In this study, the effect of beach-seine catching activities on changes Karim Mehdi nejad3 of sediment structure of bed in Rudsar and Chaboksar areas were Zabih Alla Pajand4 investigated. Samples of sediment were taken monthly with a Van Veen grab covering a surface area of 225 cm2 from seining and non- 1, 2. Department of Natural fishing areas of Rudsar and Chaboksar stations in depths of 3, 6 and resources, Savadkooh Branch, 10 meters with 3 repetitions in each depth, in autumn and winter Islamic Azad University, 2011. The results show a significant difference between the Savadkooh, Iran percentage of silt-clay in the various sampling depths of seining area 3, 4. International Sturgeon Research Institute, Rasht, Iran and the percentage of silt-clay in the various sampling depths of non- fishing area, in each of Rudsar and Chaboksar stations and each of *Corresponding author: autumn and winter seasons (P< 0.05). So that, the amount of silt- [email protected] clay in seining area has been more than the amount of silt-clay in non-fishing area. In the Rudsar station, the amount of Total Organic Receive date: 2013.09.25 Acceptant date: 2014.02.24 Matter of the seining area were 2.6 and 2.2 percent in autumn and winter, respectively, and these amounts for non-fishing area were 2.3 percent in autumn and 1.7 percent in winter.
  • BR IFIC N° 2675 Index/Indice

    BR IFIC N° 2675 Index/Indice

    BR IFIC N° 2675 Index/Indice International Frequency Information Circular (Terrestrial Services) ITU - Radiocommunication Bureau Circular Internacional de Información sobre Frecuencias (Servicios Terrenales) UIT - Oficina de Radiocomunicaciones Circulaire Internationale d'Information sur les Fréquences (Services de Terre) UIT - Bureau des Radiocommunications Part 1 / Partie 1 / Parte 1 Date/Fecha 10.08.2010 Description of Columns Description des colonnes Descripción de columnas No. Sequential number Numéro séquenciel Número sequencial BR Id. BR identification number Numéro d'identification du BR Número de identificación de la BR Adm Notifying Administration Administration notificatrice Administración notificante 1A [MHz] Assigned frequency [MHz] Fréquence assignée [MHz] Frecuencia asignada [MHz] Name of the location of Nom de l'emplacement de Nombre del emplazamiento de 4A/5A transmitting / receiving station la station d'émission / réception estación transmisora / receptora 4B/5B Geographical area Zone géographique Zona geográfica 4C/5C Geographical coordinates Coordonnées géographiques Coordenadas geográficas 6A Class of station Classe de station Clase de estación Purpose of the notification: Objet de la notification: Propósito de la notificación: Intent ADD-addition MOD-modify ADD-ajouter MOD-modifier ADD-añadir MOD-modificar SUP-suppress W/D-withdraw SUP-supprimer W/D-retirer SUP-suprimir W/D-retirar No. BR Id Adm 1A [MHz] 4A/5A 4B/5B 4C/5C 6A Part Intent 1 110073638 ARG 235.7500 PTO IGUAZU ARG 54W34'25'' 25S35'48'' FX 1 ADD 2 110072771
  • BR IFIC N° 2533 Index/Indice

    BR IFIC N° 2533 Index/Indice

    BR IFIC N° 2533 Index/Indice International Frequency Information Circular (Terrestrial Services) ITU - Radiocommunication Bureau Circular Internacional de Información sobre Frecuencias (Servicios Terrenales) UIT - Oficina de Radiocomunicaciones Circulaire Internationale d'Information sur les Fréquences (Services de Terre) UIT - Bureau des Radiocommunications Part 1 / Partie 1 / Parte 1 Date/Fecha: 30.11.2004 Description of Columns Description des colonnes Descripción de columnas No. Sequential number Numéro séquenciel Número sequencial BR Id. BR identification number Numéro d'identification du BR Número de identificación de la BR Adm Notifying Administration Administration notificatrice Administración notificante 1A [MHz] Assigned frequency [MHz] Fréquence assignée [MHz] Frecuencia asignada [MHz] Name of the location of Nom de l'emplacement de Nombre del emplazamiento de 4A/5A transmitting / receiving station la station d'émission / réception estación transmisora / receptora 4B/5B Geographical area Zone géographique Zona geográfica 4C/5C Geographical coordinates Coordonnées géographiques Coordenadas geográficas 6A Class of station Classe de station Clase de estación Purpose of the notification: Objet de la notification: Propósito de la notificación: Intent ADD-addition MOD-modify ADD-additioner MOD-modifier ADD-añadir MOD-modificar SUP-suppress W/D-withdraw SUP-supprimer W/D-retirer SUP-suprimir W/D-retirar No. BR Id Adm 1A [MHz] 4A/5A 4B/5B 4C/5C 6A Part Intent 1 104073988 ARG 7163.0000 APOSTOLES N ARG 55W44'46" 27S55'12" FX 1 ADD 2
  • Mirkarimi: Iran Feels Pride As Fajr Int'l Film Festival Listed

    Mirkarimi: Iran Feels Pride As Fajr Int'l Film Festival Listed

    May 29, 2021 Rita Dove (American poet) Poetry is language at its most distilled and most powerful. 8Arts & Culture License Holder: Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA) Managing Director: Touraj Shiralilou Garden of Culture of Iranian National Editor-in-Chief: Kambakhsh Khalaji Editorial Dept. Tel: +98 21 88755761-2 Commission for UNESCO opens Editorial Dept. Fax: +98 21 88761869 Subscription Dept. Tel: +98 21 88748800 ICPI Publisher: +98 21 88548892, 5 Arts & Culture Desk Advertising Dept. Tel & Email: +98 21 88500617 - [email protected] Website: www.irandaily.ir The Garden of Culture of Iranian National Commission for UNES- newspaper.irandaily.ir CO opened in Little Iran Park in Karaj, Alborz Province, west of Email: [email protected] Iran Cultural & Press Institute Tehran, on May 27, 2021, the Karaj mayor announced. Printing House: Address: Iran Cultural & Press Institute, #208 Khorramshahr Avenue Tehran-Iran Iran Daily has no responsibility whatsoever for the advertisements and promotional material printed in the newspaper. Mirkarimi: Iran feels pride as Fajr Int’l Film Festival listed in FIAPF-accredited events Arts & Culture Desk itage, and it must be protected Asgarpour, International Rela- because it no longer belongs to tions Manager Kamiar Mohs- IRNA he Fajr International Film one generation.” enin, Fan Club and Workshop Ali Kamalizadeh added that the ceremony was attended by the Festival (FIff) is among The point that FIff is among Manager Shadmehr Rastin, and head of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Gholam- Tthe top 16 world festi- the top 16 festivals in the world Special Events Manager Mey- Ali Haddad-Adel, Minister of Science, Research and Technology vals which are accredited by indicates that Iranian cineastes sam Mazlaqani.
  • Bryozoa of the Southern Caspian Sea, Iranian Coast

    Bryozoa of the Southern Caspian Sea, Iranian Coast

    13 4 305 Kasaei et al NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 13 (4): 305–313 https://doi.org/10.15560/13.4.305 Bryozoa of the southern Caspian Sea, Iranian coast S. Mojtaba Kasaei,1 Ali Nasrolahi,1 Behrooz Abtahi,1 Paul D. Taylor2 1 Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of life Sciences and Biotechnology, Department of Aquatic Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran, Postal Code: 1983969411. 2 Natural History Museum, Department of Earth Sciences, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom. Corresponding author: Ali Nasrolahi, [email protected] Abstract Bryozoans were found attached to various natural and artificial substrates at 18 sites along the Iranian coast of the southern Caspian Sea. Two species of cheilostome bryozoans—Conopeum grimmi and Lapidosella ostroumovi—and 2 species of ctenostomes—Amathia gracilis and Victorella pavida—are reported. Lapidosella ostroumovi is a new record for the Caspian Sea. Key words Cheilostomes; ctenostomes; Iranian coast; new record. Academic editor: Rafael B. de Moura | Received 20 January 2017 | Accepted 30 June 2017 | Published 18 August 2017 Citation: Kasaei SM, Nasrolahi A, Abtahi B, Taylor PD (2017) Bryozoa of the southern Caspian Sea, Iranian coast. Check List 13 (4): 305–313. https://doi.org/10.15560/13.4.305 Introduction ranean–Caspian species; and (4) Mediterranean species that have recently been introduced into the Caspian Studies on Caspian Sea bryozoans have been done mostly through the Volga–Don Canal (Abrikosov and Zevina in the northern Caspian (Abrikosov 1959, Abrikosov and 1968). Here, for the first time, we report the occurrence Zevina 1968, Gontar et al. 2009). The fauna of bryozoans and distributions of 4 species of bryozoans from the Ira- in the Caspian Sea comprises species belonging to the nian coast of the Caspian Sea.
  • Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; Download Unter

    Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; Download Unter

    © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Entomofauna ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR ENTOMOLOGIE Band 31, Heft 17: 269-284 ISSN 0250-4413 Ansfelden, 19. November 2010 A faunal study of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and their parasitoids in Guilan province, Iran Nasrin SHAHBAZVAR, Ahad SAHRAGARD, Shahab MANZARI, Reza HOSSEINI & Jalil HAJIZADEH Abstract The fauna of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) and their parasitoids were studied in Guilan province, Iran. A total of 18 whitefly species belonging to 8 genera from the subfamily Aleyrodinae were collected and identified, of which two species, Bemisia takahashii (DANZIG) and Pealius rubi TAKAHASHI, are newly recorded from Iran. Also, 8 hymenopteran species belonging to 2 genera from Aphelinidae, as well as one species from Eulophidae were reared as their parasitoids. Key words: Aleyrodidae, Aphelinidae, Eulophidae, parasitoids, fauna, new record, Guilan, Iran. 269 © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Introduction Whiteflies are small insects (1-3 mm in body length) belonging to the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha, superfamily Aleyrodoidea and family Aleyrodidae (MARTIN et al. 2000). MARTIN & MOUND (2007) catalogued the whiteflies of the world and listed 1556 species in 161 genera from three subfamilies, Aleurodicinae, Aleyrodinae and Udamoselinae. The subfamily Aleurodicinae is primarily distributed in New World and includes 118 species in 18 genera; the subfamily Aleyrodinae is worldwide in distribution and includes 1424 species in 148 genera, and the subfamily Udamoselinae includes 2 South American species in a single genus Udamoselis (EVANS 2008). The generic classification of the Aleyrodidae is based on the structure of the fourth larval instar, the so-called pupal case, not on the structure of adults.
  • Pdf 328.39 K

    Pdf 328.39 K

    Journal of Nuts 12(3) (2021) 201-214 Journal of Nuts Journal homepage: ijnrs.damghaniau.ac.ir A Feasibility Study on the Development of Hazelnut Processing Industries in Guilan Province, North of Iran Hossein Shahdab Langarudi, Saeed Firouzi* Department of Agronomy, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Keywords: The development of hazelnut processing industries is one of the major challenges of hazelnut Development; production in Guilan province, Iran. Hence, the factors influencing the development of these Hazelnut; industries in this province were explored by the Delphi technique in three rounds. After Processing; consultation with academic teachers and researchers of relevant research institutes, 31 experts were Processing industry selected as the research panel members from Agriculture Jihad Organization and the affiliates of Hazelnut Research Institute in Guilan province. The results demonstrated that "specifically supporting large-scale and pioneer orchard owners to establish hazelnut processing industries", "establishing wholesale purchase centers of hazelnut in the context of agricultural production cooperatives", and "training agriculture processing industry experts of the province by dispatching them to countries pioneering in hazelnut processing industries" were the most prominent driving factors of the development of hazelnut processing industries in Guilan province as agreed upon by 98.81%, 96.68%, and 93.74% of the panel members, respectively. in addition, "inappropriate
  • New Record of Asphodelus Fistulosus from Iran

    New Record of Asphodelus Fistulosus from Iran

    IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 26 (1), 2020 DOI: 10.22092/ijb.2020.126671.1243 NEW RECORD OF ASPHODELUS FISTULOSUS FROM IRAN H. Zare & T. Amini Received 2019. 06. 12; accepted for publication 2020. 03. 13 Zare, H. & Amini, T. 2020. 06. 30: New record of Asphodelus fistulosus from Iran. -Iran. J. Bot. 26 (1): 29-31. Tehran. Asphodelus L. is a widespread genus with about 20 species in the Asphodelaceae family. Most of its species are distributed in Mediterranean regions and among them Asphodelus fistulosus as a species with a broad ecological range is recorded from Gilan and Mazandaran provinces in North of Iran for the first time. The populations of this species are observed on the roadside, abandoned, disturbed farms and gardens. Habib Zare (Correspondence <[email protected]>) & Tayebeh Amini, Nowshahr Botanical Garden, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. Key words: Asphodelus fistulosus; new record; Mediterranean, introduced species; Gilan; Iran گزارش جدیدی از .Asphodelus fistulosus L از ایران حبیب زارع: استادیار پژوهشی، باغ گیاهشناسی نوشهر، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران طیبه امینی: محقق باغ گیاهشناسی نوشهر، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی Asphodelaceae Asphodelus L. جنس به عنوان یکی از پرگسترهترین جنس از تیره است که اغلب در مناطق مدیترانهای و نواحی مجاور آن Asphodelus fistulosus L. انتشار دارد و از بین حدود 02 گونه این جنس، گونه از انتشار جغرافیایی گسترده و دامنه اکولوژیک وسیعتری برخوردار است و در ایران برای اولین بار با جمعیتی نسبتاً فراوان از اراضی رها شده و حاشیه باغهای مناطق جلگهای و نزدیک به ساحل دریای کاسپین در استانهای گیﻻن و مازندران گزارش میشود.
  • Investigation of Potato Virus Y Strains in Guilan and Mazandaran Provinces Using Biological, Serological and Molecular Methods

    Investigation of Potato Virus Y Strains in Guilan and Mazandaran Provinces Using Biological, Serological and Molecular Methods

    J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci. , 6 (2)107 -112 , 2016 ISSN: 2090 -4274 Journal of Applied Environmental © 2016, TextRoad Publication and Biological Sciences www.textroad.com Investigation of Potato Virus Y Strains in Guilan and Mazandaran Provinces Using Biological, Serological and Molecular Methods Maghsoudi Reza 1, Jafarpoor Behrouz 2, Rastegar Mahrokh 2 1Department of Agriculture, Ramsar, Iran 2Ferdowsi University, Department of Plant Pathology Received: October 1, 2015 Accepted: December 31, 2015 ABSTRACT Potato virus Y (PVY) can cause severe crop losses and consequently economic damage. Therefore, the detection of PVY strains in tuber is very important for undertaking appropriate measures to prevent them. Considering that potato cultivation is growing in Guilan and Mazandaran provinces, the goal of the current study is to investigate Potato Virus Y Strains in Guilan and Mazandaran Provinces in Iran. Consequently, 588 tuber samples were collected randomly in summer 2013. After the dormancy period at 7°C, the samples were transferred to a greenhouse to germinate at 25°C. Then, polyclonal antibodies were used to examine buds. Afterwards, samples with the highest absorption in the wavelength were selected. Finally, it was found that 73 samples were infected by PVY. The extracts taken from infected plants were inoculated. To study symptoms necrotic spots were extracted and inoculated into Tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum var samsun), Physalis Commun (Physalis floridana) and Potato (Solanum tuberosum) after 7 days. Simultaneously, leaf extracts were examined for potato virus y strains using monoclonal antibodies. The results of biological, serological and molecular tests indicated that 17 isolates belonged to PVYO, 30 isolates belonged to PVYN, 12 isolates belonged to PVYC and 14 isolates belonged to PVYNTN.
  • A Comparative Study of Public Libraries Status in the Counties of Guilan Province Compared to the Standard Per Capita

    A Comparative Study of Public Libraries Status in the Counties of Guilan Province Compared to the Standard Per Capita

    Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Science Fen Bilimleri Dergisi (CFD), Cilt:36, No: 3 Ozel Sayı (2015) Science Journal (CSJ), Vol. 36, No: 3 Special Issue (2015) ISSN: 1300-1949 ISSN: 1300-1949 A comparative study of public libraries status in the counties of Guilan province compared to the standard per capita Masoumeh SABOURI1, Rosa FATEHI1, Amir Reza KARIMI AZERI2,* 1Graduate Student, University of Guilan, University campus 2, Iran 2Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture and art, University of Guilan, Iran Received: 01.02.2015; Accepted: 06.06.2015 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract. The state of public libraries is of the most important indicators of a country. The present research has been conducted with the aim of a comparative study of public libraries status in the counties of Guilan province compared to the standard per capita. The research method is descriptive and the information has been collected through offices inquiry, observation and interviews with the relevant officials, the results of data analysis compared to the standard per capita indicate lower levels of public libraries standards in the counties of Guilan province than the country's standards and require serious consideration and review. In this regard, some recommendations were provides to improve the libraries status. As a result, the construction and building of public libraries in the province has been estimated in the next 25 years to be able bringing it to the standard level with the establishment public libraries. Keywords: Public libraries, Guilan, standard per capita _____________________________________________________________________________ 1. INTODUCTION Library as one of the basic pillars of a knowledge-based society in the formulation of its policy is fully aware of the needs of society and tries to gather resources and provide services in accordance with it.

  • Rare Birds in Iran in 1980−2010 Abolghasem Khaleghizadeh 1*, Derek A

    Podoces, 2011, 6(1): 1–48 PODOCES 2011 Vol. 6, No. 1 Journal homepage: www.wesca.net Rare Birds in Iran in 1980−2010 Abolghasem Khaleghizadeh 1*, Derek A. Scott 2, Mohammad Tohidifar 3, Seyed Babak Musavi 4, Meysam Ghasemi 5, Mohammad E. Sehhatisabet 6, Abbas Ashoori 7, Ali Khani 8, Parviz Bakhtiari 9, Hamid Amini 10 , Cees Roselaar 11 , Raffael Ayé 12 , Magnus Ullman 13 , Bagher Nezami 14 & Farshad Eskandari 15 1) Ornithology Laboratory, Agricultural Zoology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran 2) Castletownbere Post Office, Castletownbere, Co. Cork, Ireland 3) Biodiversity & Habitats Division, Faculty of Environment & Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran , Iran 4) No 5, Sattari 24, Vakil-Abad, Mashhad, Iran 5) Hormozgan Provincial Office of the Department of the Environment, Bandar Abbas, Iran 6) Kerman Provincial Office of the Department of the Environment, Kerman, Iran 7) Gilan Provincial Office of the Department of the Environment, Rasht, Iran 8) Khorasan-e Razavi Provincial Office of the Department of the Environment, Mashhad, Iran 9) Tarlan Birdwatching Co., Tehran, Iran 10) Ornithology Unit, Wildlife Bureau, Department of the Environment, Tehran, Iran 11) Curator Bird Department, National Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden, The Netherlands 12) Im Zimmerhof 7, 4054 Basel, Switzerland 13) Triangeln 13, SE-272 38 Brantevik, Sweden 14) Department of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 15) Islamic Azad University, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Iran This is the first official release of "Iran Bird Records Committee". Authors of Nos. 1−9, 12 and 13 are members of the committee.