Production of Prefabricated Wooden Houses
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OCCASION This publication has been made available to the public on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation. DISCLAIMER This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. 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Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26026-0 · www.unido.org · [email protected] olìHL?/ I N l'IT I) N VTION: I MTKI» NATIONS IMH KliU \| |>| \ i | A H'MI N ! i >H< , \\|/ \ i |t >N \ Il NN PRODUCTION OF PREFABRICATED WOODEN HOUSES UNITED NATIONS Now York, 1971 Materni in thi> publication texttnt material whith UNIIK) huí rrpimied b> peimmion or other author* or puMiiher«) May be freely quoted or reprinted, bui acknowledgement \s raquette* toother with a copy ot th» publication containing the quotation or reprint 1D/6! (ID/WG.49/5, Rev I) UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No.: E.71.II.B.13 Price: $U.S. 2.50 (or equivalent in other currencies) Preface This paper was prepared by Keijo N. E. Tiuaanon, Director of Product Development, Oy Wilhelm Schauman AH, îyuvaakyla, Finland (formerly, Director, Research and Development Department, Paútalo Saler, Association for Prefabricated Houses, Helsinki, Finland) an a consultant to UNIDO, and presented by the tuthor to the Study Croup of Production Technique« for !'se .if Wood m Hous.ug ''rider Conditions Prevailing in Developing 'ountries, which met m ''lentia in November i m. The meeting was convened by UNIDO in collaboration with FA'* and the United Nations Centre for Housing, Building and Planning. It was the first meeting to be arranged by UNIDO on the subject of wood processing industries.-' l/ The report of the meeting has been published under the symbol ID/lO (United Nations publication, Sales No.: 70.II.B.32). CONTENTS Preface 3 Introduction '( Prefabricated systems \) Planning 16 Product i on ; a T»\ansport a t i on 38 Erection 39 Price stnii i es 4(X Marketing /\? Training of labour 44 annexes 1. Technical description; Srection instructions and architect's drawings; and Loading specification for a modular panel house 45 Technical description 46 Erection instructions and architect's drawings l)0 Loading specification 77 2. Protective measures against termites 8") 3. Shops for wood-frame house préfabrication 89 i INTRODUCTION This study is concerned with ¿5-mc d' the problems involved in the planning and production of prefabricated w • d"n houses, a subject ab-ut which lit'l«- f,us imen publishes!. 1'he material and concepts presented in this paper arc tuset n i ri formation obtained from manufacturers >f prefabr ¡ cat e.l w-- ien n . a;-c<: ani n •he general experience of the I'uutaf .'aies Asso.-1 at i -a, !' r 1 re fat ro • 'a t ,• ; ¡| ,,«:« : f Finland, An attempt hay been made to present the participar ¡ r-d 1 ems -f pr • duct, ion m tropical countries, but this aspect has net. been - .¡is rier.. i ¡n let u The ¡ ereent-tge <ï annual production of new dwellings in n st Kurope u, <• .in- dues is equal t less than 1 per cent of their populati u¡, aec.rnng t.. tj,e Annual Bulletin d' ¡lousing and building statistics publishea t-v the Iv-uiuiiic •' urimi ssion for1 Fui -pe (see table 1;. The average usable fi - r area d' new swellings in the countries considered varies '• <ns i lei' at 1 v - fr m \>-v.i: 'hat, ''/) square metres in eastern European countries t - ippr >x ii:,at e i ;/ ¡ i-o square metres iti certain c,,untried >f Central Europe. 1 he aver-ige ..sat le fi < r area ! l|i ¿a some 'parts of *;,,. l nited f.t.a'es is as much as l square tritures f ,r .,,.w )wei 11 rigs. Because -d' its excellent thermal insulation properties ¿sit avallatili!,;/, wood is e immoti 1;/ use) f >r housing ;n the northern <• "uitnes -f 'he temperat e : >nes of the Wand, wt.lle in countries to the s -nth, kvhere t ne .-limate i s warmer, stone gradually replaces wo-d. Wood is <:• minn >n 1.,' .seo to build tow h 'uses; small, single houses of one or two storeys; ano in the inceri au; <<Y ¡well mgs of more than two storeys it is used for floors, stairs, partiti ms and the like. Prefabricated wooden houses have been manufacture i it. '.' can.i i n-av i a si nee t tie early l,j?0s, but the industry did not gaiti imp u-f ance unni after the • 'poiitKi World War. At this time the increase! pr-i-iuc;; .n ot' mineral wo.i ¡,cr- mitted the manufacture of wooden building panels <• onstru'- ' e i wi'h ¡ i fri> t thermal insulation, which, i ti turn, boosted the production of prefabricate] houses. - 8 - T3 CO >5 CO 0) 0) <M .-H •p co o co 3 ü O M -o e ti cö 0) tu T1 M -, ¡X 3 co ON •"M r— su iTN 00 O ro • rn sO c 3 JN (Tv ro U*N —i r- or —t —i J-, ^ oN <--> i — CM •^ Ü 1> .1 iti O a'" c, -, O ^ . ^ i) a, v. —4 \D O • • Li~ «3- ifN ^r s»-i "•N o ^'•i A--" CO •i ^ -öl a> 1 o)| o| M] CMI ON a co . 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T5 H H 0) M +^ E • • +-> rd CO O W H +j CU W CM -d U c «D O O m te u rj M co H c O •H M a ÍJ¿ C/'J O .—« M 0) ß -a -» ca '-O OC' J^ <U (t) as ifl C 41 h >>t) C lXl o> •^> W MD -M O. -M cî E nj o a> id c a> a> o ON o ON 3 o o +J M r--i w 1—1 <£ ^ "p T) Il C ¡5 f l( H Í) K ^ «; r< 3-~ a> a> o rH f, a> o o 3 w c .M .T "^v, \^ •^ "--^ w •4 i. a. s. z z a, tij D 3 ••} idi ûi ol TJ _ Q _ PREFABRICATED SYSTEMS Prefabricated wooden h uses o nstiv;*e i large percentage of present-day housing in Sweden, making this - an'ry a 1 eater .:. the fielt -f housing ievel- opments composed of small reuses bui;* on a turn-Key tasis. In Finiani, h wever, prefabricated wooden houses represent .niy a small percentage f present-day housing, ornali, single dwellings can still he built niuvi.iually _»n a profit- able basis only because small entrepreneurs make use f timber in failing 0/ lengths,^ which is cheaper than timber in fixed lengths.