DOCSLIB.ORG

The Foundations of Palatial Crete a Survey of Crete in the Early Bronze

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

States and Cities of Ancient Greece Edited hy R. F. WILLETTS The Foundations of Palatial Crete A survey of Crete in the Early Bronze Age Keith Branigan BA Ph D ADOLF M. HAKKERT - PUBLISHER - AMSTERDAM 1988 LIST OF PLATES LIST OF FIGURES IN THE TEXT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS FOR PLATES PREFACE PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDmON 1 BACKGROUND TO THE ENQUIRY 2 A FRAMEWORK FOR THE PERIOD 3 DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE AND SETTLEMENTS 36 G THE ECONOMY 67 5 RELIGION AND RITUAL (!)SOCIETY AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION II 4- 7 THE ART OF EARLY MINOAN CRETE 126 8 FUNERARY ARCHITECTURE AND RITUAL ® TRADE AND COMMUNICATIONS 179 10 PREPALATIAL HISTORY AND RESEARCH 196 APPENDIX. EARLY BRONZE AGE SITES OPEN TO VISITORS 210 ABBREViATIONS USED IN THE BIBLIOGRAPHIES 215 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 216 CHAPTER BIBLIOGRAPHIES 223 INDEX 225 FOUNDATIONSREVIEWED 233 SUPPLEMENTARY BmUOGRAPHY 2S 1 List of plates Between pages rfrIJ I A view of the plain of Mesara from Phaistos. 2 The harbour site at Khrisoskalitissa. Between pages 32-33 3 a A chalice of 'Pyrgos' ware, EM I. b An EM III jug with polychrome decoration from Palaikastro. 4 a An Agios Onouphrios jug (from the type site) and a 'Lebena' Ware bowl. EM I. b Vasiliki Ware bowl and teapot. EM II. Bet11Jeenpages 64-65 S a Vasiliki Ware jugs with 'seams' marked by incisions. EMIl. b EM III jug and teapot. 6 a Barbotine jugs with polychrome decoration, MM I. " MM Ia cups from Palaikastro. Bet11Jeenpages 80-8r 7 tI The EM II - MMI promontory site at Galatas (middle distance), in Western Crete. b Pillared room and north end of central court, Mallia. List of plates 8 a Oil press arrangement at Vatheypetro. (Late Bronze Age.) List of figures in the text b A shepherd and sheep in a bowl from Palaikastro. MM I. Between pages 96-97 9 a Stone vessels from Mochlos. Mainly EM II-III. b Stone vessels from Platanos. Mainly EM III-MM Ia. c Stone vessels from Mochlos. Mainly EM II-III. d Stone vessels from Koumasa. EM II. I Crete: rivers and coastal plains. page 6 10 a Figurines from peak sanctuaries at Petsopha and 2 Sir Arthur Evans's section beneath the west court, Knossos. 19 Otamaizi. MM Ia. 3 Late Neolithic houses. 38 b 'Bell' idols from Tylissos. MM I. 4 Lebena Chouse' lamp. 40 Early Minoan I/II houses. BetTlJeenpages II2-II3 5 42 6 Early Minoan II building, Palaikastro. 44 II a Bull vessel from Koumasa. MM Ia. b Vessel in the form of a woman, from Mochlos. EM III. 7 Early Minoan II house-on-the-hilltop at Vasiliki. 45 Early Minoan III house at Tylissos. 12 a Stone pyxide lid with handle in the form of a dog, 8 50 p The palace at Mallia. r; from Mc::hlos. EM II. 9 53 \ If b A juglet in the form of a bird, from Koumasa. EM II ? 10 House cA' (MM Ia), Vasiliki. 58 II Mallia, house Zc (MM I). 60 , BetTlJeenpages I44-I4S I 12 MM I houses at Phaistos. 62 " I IJ Cycladic figurine from Koumasa. EC II. :j 13 Distribution of Early Bronze Age sites. !I A small gold toad with granulated decoration from 13 65 H b ,j Platanos. MM Ia. 14 Hunting and fishing equipment. 71 'I !i C Gold brooch featuring two bees (or wasps?), from Early Bronze Age domestic pottery. \; 15 72 Chrysollakos ossuary at Mallia. MM Ia. 16 Potters on Early Minoan III/Middle Minoan I prism 14 IJ ?Minoan stone pyxide with running spira.l decoration, beads. 75 Marorua. EM II. 17 Distribution of Cretan copper and lead sources. 80 b A frying-pan similar to Cycladic vessels of this type, 18 The metalworkers' repertoire. 82 from the Giamalakis Collection. EC II? 19 Clay and stone imitations of wooden boxes. 86 BetTlJeenpages I6o-I6I 20 Loomweights and a spindle whorl. 88 15 a The tholos tomb at Kamilari after excavation. MM I-LM. 21 Patterns on Early Minoan clothing. 89 b Fallen vaulting stones of the Kamilari tholos. MM I-LM. 22 Early Bronze Age amulets. 95 . 16 a The antechamber and door-stone of the Kamilari 23 Amuletic seal-stones. 97 tholos. MM I-LM. 24 Early Minoan figurines. 100 b Funerary remains in the Kamilari tholos swept up Middle Minoan I Peak sanctuaries. against the wall of the tomb. MM I-LM. 25 104 List offigures in the text 26 The Household (or Snake) Goddess. Acknowledgements for plates 27 Agios Onouphrios I style. Unusual designs from Southern Crete. 28 Representational motifs on Early Minoan III/Middle Minoan la pottery. 29 Early Minoan seal-stone designs. 138 30 Early Bronze Age seal-stone shapes. 143 31 Early Minoan gold beads and pendants. 148 32 Early Minoan gold jewellery. 149 I am indebted to M. Christian Zervos for so kindly allowing me to 33 Early Minoan ossuaries. 155 reproduce plates I, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 9, lob, IIa, 12, 143, from his superb 'L'Artde laCrete'. Plates7b, 8, loa, IIb, 13, 14b were kindly supplied 34 . Early Minoan ossuaries. 156 by ProfessorM. Hirmer. The remaining plates were generously offered 35 Early Minoan ossuaries. 158 to me by the following good friends, Sinclair Hood (pis. 2, 7a), 36 Chrysolakkos. 160 Mervyn Popham (pI. 3b), Professor Doro Levi (pis. 15 and 16), 37 Details of Tholos wall construction, Lebena. 161 Dr. A. Zocs (pI. 6a). 38 Early Minoan I-III tholoi at Chrysostomos. 163 39 Distribution of tholoi in Southern Crete. 165 40 Tholos 'N at Platanos. 169 41 MM I tholos at Apesokari. 173 42 Early Minoan 'imports'. 183 43 Early Minoan 'exports'. 188 44 Early Minoan shipping. 191 45 The Early Minoan port at Komo. 192 46 The Early Minoan harbours at Priniatiko Pyrgos. 193 47 Map of sites mentioned in the text. 194 The civilization whichEvaWL~~dMinoan lasted for something like fourt~ hJlll~ajCUs. The last six hundred years'ot~efa have received a great deal of attention from scholars and ~Ym.-en allkeand-many b~~ks,and thousands of learned articles hay~ be~ wntten ~aJ>out'them. ThiS is not surprising, for the period of six hundredyears.from 2,000 B.C. to 1,400 B.C. is that in which Minoan civilization reached maturity; it is the period of the great palaces and all the 'i1ches-tliat they held. What is surprising hOweYer•.is that the previous eight hundred years have been relatively ignored. Apart from eiCavation reports there are no books about the Minoan Early Bronze Age, and relatively few articles. PendIebury, Hutchin- son, and Schachermeyr have all written chapters which deal with· the period, but only briefly and in outline. Both student and layman alike are therefore unable to read a comprehensive account of Early Minoan Crete. This book is an attempt to remedy the situation. It is not intended however to be a textbook in which each and t:Veryproblem concerning our knowledge and understanding of the period is discussed and a solution suggested. Rather the book is written around a central theme-:the debt of palatial Crete te Ute E!!!y Br~nze Age civiliza~Each chapter is designed to trace the developmenfof one particular aspect of that civilization from the sub-Neolithic period to the erection of the palaces in MM I. The term 'Early Bronze Age' is used throughout to cover the period occupied by EM I, EM II, EM III and MM Ia; that is to say, I regard the MM Ia phase as a part of the Early Bronze Age and inseparable from any discussion of it. My reasons for doing so will, I hope, become apparent as the book progresses. Evans's terminology and ceramic framework for the period has been adhered to with one or two changes in the duration and positioning of certain pottery fabrics within that framework. Preface In order to avoid punctuating the text with a large number of footnotes, references have been grouped together under a single foo~ote wherever this has be~ possible. The chapter bibliography which follows the general bIbliography will allow the reader to qui.cIdy find th~ books and articles most relevant to any subject Twenty years ago I began the preface to the ftist edition of this book which h~ may W1S~to pursue further. In selecting figures and plates by bemoaning the lack of attention paid to the pre-palatial period in I hav.etned to a~eve a balance between the important but already prehistoric Crete. Twenty years on I am somewhat mollified - field ~ell-Illusr:rated .0bJects.and less well-known objects published only surveys,excavation, artefact research, and perhaps above all debate and In expensIve or unobtamable books. discussion,have all contributed a great deal to the sbldy of the Cretan Inevitably during eight years of study I have received a great deal EarlyBronze Age over the last two decades. of help, encouragement, advice, information and stimulation from Yet this book remains the only volume devoted to the study of an ever-widening circle of friends and colleagues. To all of these I the pre-palatial era, and its reprint reflects both the continuing gap in owe a debt of gratitude which I am pleased to have the opportunity theliterature on Minoan archaeology and the continuing demand for a to aC,knowledge.In particular I must express my thanks to Mr. Peter volume to fill it This is not, alas, a new book - though there is Gelling, who ~t introduced me to the archaeology of Crete, and certainly the need for one. This edition must be seen as an interim to Dr.
Recommended publications
  • Minoan Religion

    Minoan Religion

    MINOAN RELIGION Ritual, Image, and Symbol NANNO MARINATOS MINOAN RELIGION STUDIES IN COMPARATIVE RELIGION Frederick M. Denny, Editor The Holy Book in Comparative Perspective Arjuna in the Mahabharata: Edited by Frederick M. Denny and Where Krishna Is, There Is Victory Rodney L. Taylor By Ruth Cecily Katz Dr. Strangegod: Ethics, Wealth, and Salvation: On the Symbolic Meaning of Nuclear Weapons A Study in Buddhist Social Ethics By Ira Chernus Edited by Russell F. Sizemore and Donald K. Swearer Native American Religious Action: A Performance Approach to Religion By Ritual Criticism: Sam Gill Case Studies in Its Practice, Essays on Its Theory By Ronald L. Grimes The Confucian Way of Contemplation: Okada Takehiko and the Tradition of The Dragons of Tiananmen: Quiet-Sitting Beijing as a Sacred City By By Rodney L. Taylor Jeffrey F. Meyer Human Rights and the Conflict of Cultures: The Other Sides of Paradise: Western and Islamic Perspectives Explorations into the Religious Meanings on Religious Liberty of Domestic Space in Islam By David Little, John Kelsay, By Juan Eduardo Campo and Abdulaziz A. Sachedina Sacred Masks: Deceptions and Revelations By Henry Pernet The Munshidin of Egypt: Their World and Their Song The Third Disestablishment: By Earle H. Waugh Regional Difference in Religion and Personal Autonomy 77u' Buddhist Revival in Sri Lanka: By Phillip E. Hammond Religious Tradition, Reinterpretation and Response Minoan Religion: Ritual, Image, and Symbol By By George D. Bond Nanno Marinatos A History of the Jews of Arabia: From Ancient Times to Their Eclipse Under Islam By Gordon Darnell Newby MINOAN RELIGION Ritual, Image, and Symbol NANNO MARINATOS University of South Carolina Press Copyright © 1993 University of South Carolina Published in Columbia, South Carolina, by the University of South Carolina Press Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Marinatos, Nanno.
  • Paleolithic Y-Haplogroup Heritage Predominates in a Cretan Highland Plateau

    Paleolithic Y-Haplogroup Heritage Predominates in a Cretan Highland Plateau

    European Journal of Human Genetics (2007) 15, 485–493 & 2007 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 1018-4813/07 $30.00 www.nature.com/ejhg ARTICLE Paleolithic Y-haplogroup heritage predominates in a Cretan highland plateau Laisel Martinez1, Peter A Underhill2, Lev A Zhivotovsky3, Tenzin Gayden1, Nicholas K Moschonas4, Cheryl-Emiliane T Chow2, Simon Conti2, Elisabetta Mamolini5, L Luca Cavalli-Sforza2 and Rene J Herrera*,1 1Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; 2Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; 3N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; 4Department of Biology, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; 5Department of Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy The island of Crete, credited by some historical scholars as a central crucible of western civilization, has been under continuous archeological investigation since the second half of the nineteenth century. In the present work, the geographic stratification of the contemporary Cretan Y-chromosome gene pool was assessed by high-resolution haplotyping to investigate the potential imprints of past colonization episodes and the population substructure. In addition to analyzing the possible geographic origins of Y-chromosome lineages in relatively accessible areas of the island, this study includes samples from the isolated interior of the Lasithi Plateau – a mountain plain located in eastern Crete. The potential significance of the results from the latter region is underscored by the possibility that this region was used as a Minoan refugium. Comparisons of Y-haplogroup frequencies among three Cretan populations as well as with published data from additional Mediterranean locations revealed significant differences in the frequency distributions of Y-chromosome haplogroups within the island.
  • Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece

    Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece

    water Review Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece V. A. Tzanakakis 1,2,*, A. N. Angelakis 3,4 , N. V. Paranychianakis 5, Y. G. Dialynas 6 and G. Tchobanoglous 7 1 Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter (HAO-Demeter), Soil and Water Resources Institute, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece 2 Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Science, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Iraklion, 71410 Crete, Greece 3 HAO-Demeter, Agricultural Research Institution of Crete, 71300 Iraklion, Greece 4 Union of Water Supply and Sewerage Enterprises, 41222 Larissa, Greece; [email protected] 5 School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece; [email protected] 6 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; [email protected] 7 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 12 April 2020; Accepted: 16 May 2020; Published: 28 May 2020 Abstract: Crete, located in the South Mediterranean Sea, is characterized by long coastal areas, varied terrain relief and geology, and great spatial and inter-annual variations in precipitation. Under average meteorological conditions, the island is water-sufficient (969 mm precipitation; theoretical water potential 3284 hm3; and total water use 610 hm3). Agriculture is by far the greatest user of water (78% of total water use), followed by domestic use (21%). Despite the high average water availability, water scarcity events commonly occur, particularly in the eastern-south part of the island, driven by local climatic conditions and seasonal or geographical mismatches between water availability and demand.
  • Bonelli's Eagle and Bull Jumpers: Nature and Culture of Crete

    Bonelli's Eagle and Bull Jumpers: Nature and Culture of Crete

    Crete April 2016 Bonelli’s Eagle and Bull Jumpers: Nature and Culture of Crete April 9 - 19, 2016 With Elissa Landre Photo of Chukar by Elissa Landre With a temperate climate, Crete is more pristine than the mainland Greece and has a culture all its own. Crete was once the center of the Minoan civilization (c. 2700–1420 BC), regarded as the earliest recorded civilization in Europe. In addition to birding, we will explore several famous archeological sites, including Knossos and ancient Phaistos, the most important centers of Minoan times. Crete’s landscape is very special: defined by high mountain ranges, deep valleys, fertile plateaus, and caves (including the mythological birthplace of the ancient Greek god, Zeus) Rivers have cut deep, exceptionally beautiful gorges that create a rich presence of geological wealth and have been explored for their aromatic and medicinal plants since Minoan times. Populations of choughs, Griffon Vultures, Lammergeiers, and swifts nest on the steep cliffs. A fantastic variety of birds and plants are found on Crete: not only its resident bird species, which are numerous and include rare and endangered birds, but also the migrants who stop over on Crete during their journeys to and from Africa and Europe. The isolation of Crete from mainland Europe, Asia, and Africa is reflected in the diversity of habitats, flora, and avifauna. The richness of the surroundings results in an impressive bird species list and often unexpected surprises. For example, last year a Blue- cheeked Bee-eater, usually only seen in northern Africa and the Middle East, was spotted. Join us for this unusual and very special trip.
  • Genetic Origins of the Minoans and Mycenaeans

    Genetic Origins of the Minoans and Mycenaeans

    LETTER doi:10.1038/nature23310 Genetic origins of the Minoans and Mycenaeans Iosif Lazaridis1,2*, Alissa Mittnik3,4*, Nick Patterson2,5, Swapan Mallick1,2,6, Nadin Rohland1, Saskia Pfrengle4, Anja Furtwängler4, Alexander Peltzer3,7, Cosimo Posth3,4, Andonis Vasilakis 8, P. J. P. McGeorge9, Eleni Konsolaki-Yannopoulou10, George Korres11, Holley Martlew12, Manolis Michalodimitrakis13, Mehmet Özsait14, Nesrin Özsait14, Anastasia Papathanasiou15, Michael Richards16, Songül Alpaslan Roodenberg1, Yannis Tzedakis17, Robert Arnott18, Daniel M. Fernandes19,20, Jeffery R. Hughey21, Dimitra M. Lotakis22, Patrick A. Navas22, Yannis Maniatis23, John A. Stamatoyannopoulos24,25,26, Kristin Stewardson1,6, Philipp Stockhammer3,27, Ron Pinhasi19,28, David Reich1,2,6, Johannes Krause3,4 & George Stamatoyannopoulos22,25 The origins of the Bronze Age Minoan and Mycenaean cultures mainland Greece, whose language, written in the Linear B script, was have puzzled archaeologists for more than a century. We have an early form of Greek13. Cretan influence in mainland Greece and assembled genome-wide data from 19 ancient individuals, including the later Mycenaean occupation of Crete link these two archaeological Minoans from Crete, Mycenaeans from mainland Greece, and their cultures, but the degree of genetic affinity between mainland and Cretan eastern neighbours from southwestern Anatolia. Here we show that populations is unknown. Greek is related to other Indo-European Minoans and Mycenaeans were genetically similar, having at least languages, leading to diverse theories tracing its earliest speakers from three-quarters of their ancestry from the first Neolithic farmers the seventh millennium down to ∼ 1600 bc, and proposing varying of western Anatolia and the Aegean1,2, and most of the remainder degrees of population change (Supplementary Information section 1).
  • Archaeology and Classics

    Archaeology and Classics

    CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JANUARY 2 – 5, 2014 WELCOME TO CHICAGO! Dear AIA Members and Colleagues, Welcome to Chicago for the 115th Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America. This year’s meeting combines an exciting program presenting cutting-edge research with the unique opportunity to socialize, network, and relax with thousands of your peers from the US, Canada, and more than 30 foreign countries. Appropriately for an urban venue settled in the 19th century by ethnic Europeans, this year’s meeting will feature several sessions on East European archaeology. And sessions devoted to heritage and preservation and digital methodologies in archaeology touch upon increasingly central concerns in the discipline. Back by popular demand are the undergraduate paper session and the Lightning Session. We are indebted to Trustee Michael L. Galaty and the Program for the Annual Meeting Committee that he chairs for fashioning such a stimulating program. Table of Contents Some of the other highlights of this year’s meeting include: General Information ......4-5 Opening Night Lecture and Reception (Thursday, 6:00–9:00 pm) Program-at-a-Glance 10-11 We kick off the meeting with a public lecture by Dr. Garrett Fagan, Professor of Ancient History at Penn State University. In “How to Stage a Bloodbath: Theatricality and Artificiality at the Roman Arena” Fagan explores Exhibitors .................. 12-13 the theatrical aspects of Roman arena games – the stage sets, equipment of the fighters, etc–that created an artificial landscape in which the violence of the spectacle was staged. Fagan will also consider what these Thursday, January 2 features tell us about Roman attitudes toward the violence of the games, and how spectators reacted to them Day-at-a-Glance ..........14 psychologically (Thursday, 6 pm).
  • Hiero Seal Palaikastro 2019.Pdf (1.832Mb)

    Hiero Seal Palaikastro 2019.Pdf (1.832Mb)

    OFFPRINT From PALAIKASTRO: BUILDING 1 SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME 48 THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ATHENS 2019 The copyright on this publication belongs to the British School at Athens. As author you are licensed to make printed copies of the pdf or to send the unaltered pdf file to up to 50 contacts. You may not upload this pdf to the World Wide Web — including websites such as academia.edu and open-access repositories — until three years after publication. Please ensure that anyone receiving an offprint from you observes these rules as well PALAIKASTRO BUILDING 1 edited by J. A. MACGILLIVRAY AND L. H. SACKETT with contributions by J. N. BOTTEMA-MAC GILLAVRY, T. F. CUNNINGHAM, C. DOHERTY, J. M. DRIESSEN, D. EVELY, P. JEROME, O. H. KRZYSZKOWSKA, D. MYLONA, D. REESE, J. RUSSELL, A. SARPAKI, S. WALL-CROWTHER, P. WESTLAKE and J. G. YOUNGER SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME 48 Published by THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ATHENS 2019 Published and distributed by The British School at Athens 10 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AH Series Editor: John Bennet Managing Editor: Olga Krzyszkowska © The Council, The British School at Athens ISBN 978-0-904887-70-9 Designed and computer type-set by Rayna Andrew Printed by Short Run Press Ltd, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom Contents List of Figures x List of Tables and Charts xiv List of Plans, Sections and Elevations xv List of Plates xvi General abbreviations, technical terms, symbols, measurements, glossary xix Palaikastro site periods with their approximate Cretan equivalents xx Palaikastro pottery wares and styles outline xxi Acknowledgements xxiii Preface xxv Chapter 1 The excavation by L.
  • A Gazetteer of Pleistocene Paleontological Sites on Crete Island, Greece

    A Gazetteer of Pleistocene Paleontological Sites on Crete Island, Greece

    A Gazetteer of Pleistocene Paleontological Sites on Crete Island, Greece. Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Lax, Elliott Martin, 1959- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 27/09/2021 11:07:10 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558152 A GAZETTEER OF PLEISTOCENE PALEONTOLOGICAL SITES ON CRETE ISLAND, GREECE by Elliott Martin Lax A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 9 1 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgement the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author.
  • Taxonomic Revision of the Cretan Fauna of the Genus Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with Notes on the Endemism of Ant Fauna of Crete

    Taxonomic Revision of the Cretan Fauna of the Genus Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with Notes on the Endemism of Ant Fauna of Crete

    ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2018, 68(4): 769-808 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE CRETAN FAUNA OF THE GENUS TEMNOTHORAX MAYR, 1861 (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE), WITH NOTES ON THE ENDEMISM OF ANT FAUNA OF CRETE SEBASTIAN SALATA1*, LECH BOROWIEC2, APOSTOLOS TRICHAS3 1Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bukowska 19, 60-809 Poznań, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Taxonomy, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 65, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 3Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, Greece; e-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author Abstract.— We revise the Cretan species of the ant genus Temnothorax Mayr, 1861. Sixteen species are recognized, including seven new species which are possiblyendemic to Crete: T. crassistriatus sp. nov., T. daidalosi sp. nov., T. ikarosi sp. nov., T. incompletus sp. nov., T. minotaurosi sp. nov., T. proteii sp. nov., and T. variabilis sp. nov. A new synonymy is proposed, Temnothorax exilis (Emery, 1869) =Temnothorax specularis (Emery, 1916) syn. nov. An identification key to Cretan Temnothorax, based on worker caste is given. We provide a checklist of ant species described from Crete and discuss their status, distribution and endemism. Ë Key words.— Key, checklist, Myrmicinae, new species, Mediterranean Subregion, new synonymy INTRODUCTION 2000 mm in the high White Mountains range (Lefka Ori) (Grove et al. 1993). Temperature on mountains Crete is the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean seems to fall at a rate of about 6°C per 1000 m (Rack- ham & Moody 1996). Above 1600 m most of the precipi- Sea and the biggest island of Greece.
  • Newsletter-On-Aegean-Prehistory-71

    Newsletter-On-Aegean-Prehistory-71

    Contents 1. Lectures & Conferences p. 1 2. Books p. 6 3. Articles p. 31 4. Book Reviews p. 40 5. The Work of Aegeus p. 42 6. Grants & Job Vacancies p. 44 7. Call for Papers p. 47 8. Websites p. 50 9. News p. 52 A E G E U S – SOCIETY FOR AEGEAN PREHISTORY 0 1 Lectures 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1. Lectures & Conferences A E G E U S – SOCIETY FOR AEGEAN PREHISTORY 1 1 DECEMBER 2017, 19:00 Greece, Athens Swedish Institute at Athens (Mitseon 9, Athens) Aegean Lectures Working (with) class. Ideology, ritual and labour in Middle Bronze Age Erimi (Cyprus) Luca Bombardieri (Università di Torino) Organised by: Aegeus and the Swedish Institute at Athens 1 DECEMBER 2017, 18:30 USA, New York Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, 1 East 78th Street The New York Aegean Bronze Age Colloquium The Juktas Peak Sanctuary: The Emergence of the Cult and the Connections with the Knossos Palace Alexandra Karetsou (Honorary Ephor of Antiquities) FURTHER INFORMATION 1-2 DECEMBER 2017 Greece, Athens German Archaeological Institute at Athens, Fidiou 1 Conference 15 years of AIGEIROS. Building a Research Network for Young Scholars in Athens FURTHER INFORMATION AND PROGRAMME 1-3 DECEMBER 2017 Greece, Volos University of Thessaly, Building “Papastratos” International Conference 2nd Pan-Hellenic Conference on Digital Cultural Heritage – EuroMed 2017 FURTHER INFORMATION 4 DECEMBER 2017, 19:00 Greece, Athens British School at Athens, Upper House Upper House Seminar Οι αποθήκες του άνακτα. Storage and sociopolitical changes at Late Bronze Age Knossos Kostis Christakis
  • Study of the Morphological Attributes of Crete Through the Use of Remote Sensing Techniques

    Study of the Morphological Attributes of Crete Through the Use of Remote Sensing Techniques

    Study of the Morphological Attributes of Crete through the Use of Remote Sensing Techniques APOSTOLOS SARRIS(1), STELIOS KARAKOUDIS(2), CHARA VIDAKI(2), PANTELIS SOUPIOS(2) (1) Laboratory of Geophysical – Satellite Remote Sensing & Archaeo-environment Institute for Mediterranean Studies , Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.) Melissinou & Nik. Foka 130, 74100, Rethymno, Crete, Greece http://www.ims.forth.gr (2) Department of Natural Resources & Environment Technological Educational Institute of Crete Romanou 3, Halepa, 73133, Chania, Crete, Greece http://www.chania.teicrete.gr Abstract: - Quantitative estimates of the morphological attributes of the island of Crete have been computed through the application of directional derivatives to the digital elevation model and the classification of loci with common landform characteristics. The specific study has also investigated the correlation of the resulting geomorphometric units with the geological properties of the island, including geological formations and faults. In the latter case, ground prospection methods and macroscopic geological surveys have been applied in order to verify the results of this correlation. Key-Words: - Geomorphology, DEM, Remote sensing, geophysical prospection, faults. 1 Introduction cover typologies. The scale of the research was small For a number of decades, the study of the enough to allow such kind of deductions. Still, the geomorphometric properties of the terrain has been the question remains in cases where we have to deal with a subject of research for a number of researchers who much larger scale of investigation. were trying to explore the properties of the terrain and Following a similar line of approach, the current determine if there is a physical meaning in the research tried to cover the whole island of Crete and quantitative analysis of them in terms of the land examined the possible correlation of the geomorphic patterns.
  • Cultural Presence of the Cretan Biodiversity in the Minoan Period and Nowadays: a Discovery School Teaching Approach

    Cultural Presence of the Cretan Biodiversity in the Minoan Period and Nowadays: a Discovery School Teaching Approach

    Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2015) 75-82 doi: 10.17265/1934-7391/2015.02.004 D DAVID PUBLISHING Cultural Presence of the Cretan Biodiversity in the Minoan Period and nowadays: A Discovery School Teaching Approach Maria Kalathaki1 and Anna Papastefanaki2 1. Regional Educational Directorates of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 71306, Greece 2. Meleses Lyceum, Meleses,70300, Crete, Greece Heraklion, Crete 70300, Greece Received: February 21, 2014 / Accepted: February 28, 2015 / Published: February 28, 2015. Abstract: The educational project prepared for students of High School 15-17 years old with the subject of Biodiversity in Minoan Period and Nowadays. It was an interdisciplinary approach of ecological and cultural views of biodiversity. Special educational material was prepared with photos and texts of archaeological excavations and field sampling which was used in real and virtual environment, in α discovery teaching of Natural Sciences and History subjects. Students, in a scientific research project with constructive teachings, followed the procedures by which scientists gather, analyze, synthesize, process and evaluate information of organisms of Crete since 4000 years. Crete is located between the natural limits of three continents, having the unique privilege to host permanently or in migration, distinctive species of these three continents. After having the research questions, teachers collected the educational material, organized the work groups, implemented the didactic intervention in the classroom, had the field sampling of plants, recognized the synchronous local and scientific names of the plants, constructed the botany book, photographed the collected organisms and all the concentrated material was delivered to the team members. Key words: Biodiversity, discovery teaching method, minoan period, distance education.