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Antarctic Treaty ANTARCTIC TREATY Report of the Norwegian Antarctic inspection under Article VII of the Antarctic Treaty and Article 14 of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty JANUARY 2001 Table of contents 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................3 2 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ................................................................8 3 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ...................................................................10 4 MAITRI (INDIA)........................................................................................14 5 NOVOLAZAREVSKAYA (RUSSIA) .................................................24 6 GEORG FORSTER (GERMANY) ......................................................32 7 SANAE IV (SOUTH AFRICA)..............................................................34 8 TROLL (NORWAY) .................................................................................43 9 EPICA DRILL SITE (GERMANY).....................................................50 Figures FIGURE 1: THE LOCATION OF STATIONS VISITED DURING THE 2001 INSPECTION ............7 FIGURE 2: LAYOUT OF MAITRI ....................................................................................17 FIGURE 3: LAYOUT OF NOVOLAZAREVSKAYA .............................................................26 FIGURE 4: LAYOUT OF SANAE IV..............................................................................37 Tables TABLE 1: ACTIVE STATIONS IN DRONNING MAUD LAND AND THE DATE OF THE MOST RECENT INSPECTION.......................................................................................5 TABLE 2: OVERVIEW OF INSPECTIONS CONDUCTED IN DRONNING MAUD LAND............6 TABLE 3: THE ITINERARY FOR THE 2001 INSPECTION PROGRAMME ...............................6 2 1 Introduction The right to conduct inspections is a fundamental feature of the openness and transparency of the Antarctic Treaty system. Article VII of the Antarctic Treaty entitles each Consultative Party to designate observers who shall have the right to carry out unannounced on-spot inspections. The purpose of these inspections is to promote the objectives of and ensure compliance with the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty and the measures adopted under it. The observers shall be accorded complete freedom of access at any time to all areas of Antarctica, including all stations within those areas, as well as vessels and aircraft at points of embarkation and disembarkation. Article 14 of the 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (Madrid Protocol) states that in order to promote the protection of the Antarctic environment and dependent and associated ecosystems, and to ensure compliance with the Protocol, the Parties shall arrange, individually or collectively, for inspections by observers to be made in accordance with Article VII of the Antarctic Treaty. The first and second inspections undertaken by Norway took place in January 1990 and December 1996 respectively. The third inspection, which is described in this report, was carried out in the period 6-8 January 2001. Table 1 and Table 2 give overviews of operative stations and previous inspections in Dronning Maud Land. The 2001 inspection was conducted in accordance with Article VII of the Antarctic Treaty and Article 14 of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. The 2001 Norwegian inspection team consisted of the following Norwegian nationals designated by the Norwegian Ministry of Justice in accordance with Article VII of the Treaty: • Ambassador Jan Tore Holvik, Special Adviser for Polar Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs • Mr. Torodd Veiding, Director General, Polar Department, Ministry of Justice • Mr. Svein Tore Halvorsen, Adviser, Department for International Cooperation, Ministry of the Environment • Dr. Olav Orheim, Managing Director, Norwegian Polar Institute • Ms. Birgit Njåstad, Environmental Officer, Norwegian Polar Institute The names of the Norwegian observers were communicated to all Contracting Parties to the Treaty by diplomatic note of 13 December 2000. The logistics supporting the inspections were arranged by the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 2000/01 (NARE). For the first time a Norwegian inspection team used an aircraft between Cape Town and Dronning Maud Land (landing at “Blue 1” by Henriksenskjæra). The intercontinental flight was made in an Ilyushin II-76TB 3 aircraft and took about six hours each way. A helicopter (MBO 105) was used for transportation between the various stations during the inspection. The following stations were inspected: Maitri (India), Novolazarevskaya (Russia), SANAE IV (South Africa) and Troll (Norway) (see Figure 1 for location of stations inspected and Table 3 for the itinerary for the inspection programme). The team also visited the site of the former Georg Forster station (East Germany/Germany). One member of the team, Dr. Olav Orheim, visited the EPICA ice core drilling station at the site DML 05 and conducted a limited inspection of the site, assisted by Mr. Tom Maggs (Australia). To avoid the possibility of a conflict of interest, Dr. Orheim and Ms. Njåstad from the Norwegian Polar Institute did not take part in the inspection of the Norwegian summer station Troll. During the inspection of Troll Dr. Dick Hedberg of the Polar Research Committee of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Dr. Jan H. Stel of the University of Maastricht, the Netherlands, joined the inspection team in their capacity as “special observers”. The Norwegian team is most grateful for the valuable professional assistance rendered by colleagues from Sweden, the Netherlands and Australia, although they were not designated as official observers by their respective governments. Unfortunately, due to weather conditions and transportation difficulties, it was not possible to inspect the Japanese station Syowa on East Ongul Island as planned. This is regrettable. The station has expanded in recent years, and has not been subject to an inspection since 1988. Stations to be inspected were given one or two days advance notice of the observers’ visit. On arrival, team members presented their credentials to the station commander. At all stations the team was warmly welcomed and was granted access to all parts of the station. One journalist from the Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten and two journalists from the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation travelled with the inspection team to the Indian station Maitri. Prior to their arrival, the Indian station commander assured the inspection team that the three journalists were welcome. The Antarctic Treaty and the Madrid Protocol were used as a basis for the inspection, together with Inspection Checklist A (for permanent Antarctic stations and associated installations) adopted by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting in 1994 (ATCM XVIII). The inspection had a strong focus on environmental conditions. The Norwegian team would like to extend its warm thanks to all the personnel at each station visited for their friendliness, hospitality, openness and cooperation. The team would also like to thank helicopter pilot Rob Siegrist for the service he provided and the personnel at Troll and “Blue 1” for providing warm and comfortable accommodation during the nights on the ice. The following report seeks to summarize the findings of the team. The report builds to a large extent on the 1996 report, as three of the stations inspected at that time were revisited in 2001 (Maitri, Novolazarevskaya and SANAE IV). As far as possible the team has tried to compare conditions at these stations in 1996 and 2001. There is always a possibility that errors and misunderstandings may occur. The observers regret any such errors. 4 Article 14 of the Madrid Protocol stipulates that Parties whose stations are inspected shall have an opportunity to comment on the report before it is circulated to all Antarctic Treaty Parties and the Committee for Environmental Protection and before it is considered at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. This report has been submitted for comment to the Governments of Germany, India, Norway, Russia and South Africa. The Parties were asked to provide comments within one month. No comments were received within this time frame or by the time this report was printed. Table 1: Active stations in Dronning Maud Land and the date of the most recent inspection Name of station Country Last inspected Aboa Finland 1994 (Sweden) Asuka (field station) Japan Has not been inspected Dome Fuji Japan Has not been inspected EPICA DML 05 (field station) Germany 2001 (Norway) 1 Georg Forster Germany 2001 (Norway) Maitri India 2001 (Norway) Mizuho (field station) Japan Has not been inspected Neumayer Germany 1996 (Norway) Novolazarevskaya Russia 2001 (Norway) Svea (field station) Sweden Has not been inspected Syowa Japan 1988 (USSR) Tor (field station) Norway Has not been inspected Troll Norway 2001 (Norway) Wasa Sweden Has not been inspected 1 Station has been removed Photo 1: The 2001 Inspection Team at Henriksenskjæra (“Blue 1”) From left: Birgit Njåstad, Torodd Veiding, Jan-Tore Holvik, Olav Orheim and Svein Tore Halvorsen 5 Table 2: Overview of inspections conducted in Dronning Maud Land Year Party inspecting Stations inspected 1967 USA Syowa 1983 USA Georg von Neumayer, Syowa, SANAE III, Novolazarevskaya 1988 USSR Georg Forster, Dakshin Gangotri, Georg von Neumayer, SANAE III, Syowa 1990 Norway Georg von Neumayer, SANAE III 1994 Sweden Neumayer, Maitri, Novolazarevskaya,
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