Summer 2015 BioBlitz Series

Elizabeth Clifton1

INTRODUCTION

In 2014, a series of Bioblitz events were held at three Otsego Land Trust properties: Fetterley Forest Conservation Area, Brookwood Point, and Compton Bridge Conservation Area. This work was continued in 2015 with repeat Bioblitz events at the larger properties (Fetterley and Brookwood) and one at the Parslow Road Conservation Area. Each event was about 3-4 hours long and all were open to the public in an attempt to promote community involvement.

The history of BioBlitz events was detailed in the 2014 report (Davidson 2015), and is provided here: In 1996, Susan Rudy of the U.S. National Park service coined the term “bioblitz,” short for biodiversity blitz, while organizing the first Bioblitz at Kenliworth Aquatic Gardens in Washington, D.C. (Post 2003; Ruch et al. 2010). A bioblitz is a rapid evaluation of the flora and fauna found in a designated area during a given period of time (Ruch et al. 2010). A bioblitz generally lasts 24 hours to document organisms found at different times of day, but is just a “snapshot” of the organisms found at a particular site, and does not include seasonal variations in communities. Bioblitzes are done to characterize taxonomic diversity, promote citizen involvement and interest in local biodiversity, and to protect species and their habitats (USGS 2009).

The first Bioblitz of 2015 was held on 29 June at Brookwood Point Conservation Area, located on Otsego Lake, north of Cooperstown, NY (Figure 1, Figure 2). The property is about 22-acres in size and shares its eastern boundary with the shore of Otsego Lake. The property has been protected by OLT since October 2011. Ecosystems that can be observed at Brookwood include meadows, young and old forest, a lake, wetlands, a stream, and a well-maintained garden. All of these systems made Brookwood a great first location for this bioblitz series.

The second Bioblitz was held 9 July at the Fetterley Forest Conservation Area (Figure 1, Figure 3). Fetterley Forest is located in Richfield, NY, is about 106-acres, and has been protected by OLT since August 2011. It was donated to the Land Trust by the Fetterley family, who had owned it since 1867. From the overlook on the Western side of Panther Mountain, one can view Canadarago Lake and Deowongo Island, both part of OLT’s Blueway Trail, which is maintained by the Land Trust and is open to the public.

The third Bioblitz of the summer was held 16 July at the Parslow Road Conservation Area, located in Schuyler, NY (Figure 1, Figure 4). The property is about 28-acres and contains Oaks Creek (a trout stream) and a wetland that includes beaver ponds and floodplain forests. The

1 SUNY Oneonta Biology Department Intern, summer 2015. Current affiliation: SUNY Oneonta. This work was conducted with support by the Otsego Land Trust. Oaks Creak Conservation Area is upstream, but is accessible only from the stream-side; however, the Land Trust is working on adding this location to the Blueway Trail to make it more accessible to the public.

Figure 1. Locations of the three bioblitzes held in Otsego County. Each blitz occurred on land owned by the Otsego County Land Trust.

Figure 2. Map of Brookwood Point Conservation Area property.

Figure 3. Map of Fetterley Forest Conservation Area property lines and trails.

Figure 4. Map of Parslow Road Conservation Area property.

METHODS

The first Bioblitz occurred at Brookwood Point from 9am-12pm on 29 June 2015. The next was Fetterley Forest Conservation Area during the same time frame on 9 July 2015. The last was Parslow Road Conservation Area during the same times on 16 July 2015. Researchers and students working at the SUNY College at Oneonta Biological Field Station, who are knowledgeable on identification of various organisms, met with community members at each location in an attempt to assess as many organisms as possible.

The equipment used at each Bioblitz location included: terrestrial and aquatic nets, forceps, light and compound scopes, various field guides, binoculars, flashlights, magnifying glasses, and backpack electrofishing equipment. Fetterley Forest does not have a water source and thus there were no aquatic surveys done here, such as electrofishing and aquatic invertebrate collection. During the allotted time participants identified as many organisms as possible. Each organism was classified down to species, if possible.

RESULTS

At Brookwood Point 217 organisms were identified, Fetterley Forest Conservation Area had 205 identified, and Parslow Road Conservation Area had 226 identified. The breakdown of each taxa by class is shown in Figure 5. A summary of the number of taxa found in each class is shown in Table 1. Complete taxonomic lists for Brookwood Point, Fetterly Forest Conservation Area and Parslow Road Conservation Area are presented in Tables 2-4.

Figure 5. Number of taxa identified in each class for the three Bioblitz locations.

Table 1. Summary of the number of taxa identified in each class for the three bioblitzes.

Class Brookwood Fetterley Parslow Aves 22 17 19 Amphibia 1 3 1 Mammalia 3 2 2 Actinopterygii 5 0 12 Insecta 37 52 48

Arachnida 7 7 2

Liliopsida 3 3 0 Magnoliopsida 115 100 124 Pinopsida 3 2 1 Polypodiopsida 2 8 3 Pteridopsida 7 0 0 Algae 8 0 10

Other 3 7 2

Total 216 201 224

DISCUSSION

The total numbers of taxa identified from each Land Trust site ranged from 201-224, which are consistent both between properties and with previous Bioblitz counts. This shows that even though the sizes (22-106 acres) and habitat types varied immensely between the three sites they all still have a good amount of diversity. This is surprising because the number of organismal experts varied from site to site, as did the number of participants.

Although these results are not quantifiable, this Bioblitz series was a great way to get the community involved in science and the outdoors. It was also beneficial because it enabled the community members of Otsego County to meet some of the biological researchers that may do fieldwork near their homes. Although our Bioblitzes were only about 3-4 hours long and we undoubtedly missed many organisms due to absence of identification experts in certain taxonomic areas, this series was an overall great experience for everyone from the community, to the biological community, to the Otsego Land Trust.

Table 2. All taxa observed at Brookwood on 29 June 2015 (between 9am and 12pm).

ANIMALS

Class Order Family Genus Species Common Name

Kingdom Phylum Aves Anseriformes Anatidae Aix sponsa Wood duck Aves Anseriformes Anatidae Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Aves Anseriformes Anatidae Mergus merganser americanus Common merganser Aves Charadriiformes Laridae Larus delawarensis Ring-billed gull Aves Passeriformes Bombycillidae Bombycilla cedrorum Cedar waxwing Aves Passeriformes Corvidae Corvus brachyrchynchos American crow Aves Passeriformes Corvidae Cyanocitta cristata Blue jay Aves Passeriformes Emberizidae Junco hyemalis Dark-eyed junco Aves Passeriformes Emberizidae Melospiza melodia Song sparrow Aves Passeriformes Hirundinidae Tachycineta bicolor Tree swallow Aves Passeriformes Icteridae Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged blackbird Aves Passeriformes Mimidae Dumetella carolinensis Gray catbird Aves Passeriformes Paridae Poecile atricapillus Black-capped chickadee Aves Passeriformes Parulidae Setophaga pensylvanica Chestnut-sided warbler Aves Passeriformes Parulidae Setophaga petechia American yellow warbler Aves Passeriformes Parulidae Setophaga ruticilla American redstart Aves Passeriformes Troglodytidae Troglodytes aedon House wren Aves Passeriformes Tyrannidae Tyrannus tyrannus Eastern king bird

Chordata Aves Passeriformes Vireonidae Vireo olivaceus Red-eyed vireo Aves Passeriformes Picidae Colaptes auratus Northern flicker Aves Pelecaniformes Ardeidae Ardea herodias Great blue heron Aves Piciformes Picidae Hylatomus pileatus Pileated woodpecker Aves Piciformes Picidae Sphyrapicus varius Yellow-bellied sapsucker

Amphibia Caudata Plethodontidae Plethodon cinereus Red back salamander

Mammalia Rodentia Sciuridae Sciurus carolinensis Eastern gray squirrel Mammalia Rodentia Sciuridae Tamias striatus Eastern chipmunk Mammalia Rodentia Sciuridae Tamiasciurus hudsonicus American red squirrel

Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Catostomidae Campostomus commersonii White sucker Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprnidae Notemigonus crysoleucas Golden shiner Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprnidae Notropis hudsonius Spottail shiner Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprnidae Phinichthys atratulus Blacknose dace Animalia Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprnidae Semotilus atromaculatus Creek chub

Insecta Coleoptera Cantharidae sp. Soldier beetle Insecta Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Galerucinae sp. Leaf beetle Insecta Coleoptera Elateridae sp. Click beetle Insecta Coleoptera Lampyridae sp. Firefly Insecta Diptera Callophoridae 2 distinct species Blowfly Insecta Diptera Chironomidae sp. Midge Insecta Diptera Chloropidae sp. Grass fly Insecta Diptera Culicidae sp. Mosquito Insecta Diptera Dolichopodidae sp. Long-legged fly Insecta Diptera Drosophilidae sp. Vinegar fly Insecta Diptera Muscidae sp. House fly Insecta Diptera Mycetophilidae sp. Fungus gnat Insecta Diptera Sciaridae sp. Dark-winged fungus gnat Insecta Diptera Sciomyzidae sp. Snail-killing fly or Marsh fly Insecta Diptera Syrphidae 2 distinct species Hover fly Insecta Diptera Tachinidae sp. Parasitoid fly

Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Tipulidae Hexatoma sp. Crane fly Insecta Ephemeroptera Baetidae Baetis sp. Small minnow mayfly Insecta Ephemeroptera Ephemeridae Hexagenia sp. Burrowing Mayfly Insecta Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae Epeorus sp. Mayfly Insecta Hemiptera Aleyrodidae sp. White fly Insecta Hemiptera Cercopidae 5 distinct species Frog hoppers Insecta Hemiptera Ciciadellidae sp. Plant hoppers Insecta Hemiptera Miridae sp. Plant bugs Insecta Hemiptera Membracidae sp. Tree hoppers Insecta Hemiptera Nabidae sp. Damsel bug Insecta Hymenoptera Cynipidae sp. Gall-making wasps Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae 2 distinct species Ant Insecta Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae sp. Parasitoid wasp Insecta Hymenoptera Pompilidae sp. Spider wasps Table 2 (Con't). All taxa observed at Brookwood on 29 June 2015 (between 9am and 12pm).

Insecta Lepidoptera Erebidae Lymantria dispar North American gypsy moth Insecta Mecoptera Panorpidae sp. Scorpionfly Insecta Odonata Coenagrionidae Coenagrion sp. Narrow-winged damselfly Insecta Odonata Cordulidae Epitheca sp. Dragonfly Insecta Orthoptera Acrididae sp. Grasshopper Insecta Orthoptera Gryllidae sp. Cricket Insecta Plecoptera Capniidae Allocapnia sp. Stonefly Insecta Plecoptera Leuctridae sp. Stonefly

Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Acarina Trombiculidae sp. Red velvet mite Arachnida Araneae Linyphiidae sp. Sheet weavers Arachnida Araneae Lycosidae sp. Wolf spider Arachnida Araneae Tetragnathidae Tetragnatha elongata Elongate stilt spider Arachnida Araneae Thomisiae sp. Crab spider Arachnida Araneae Salticidae sp. Jumping spider Arachnida Opiliones sp. Daddy longlegs/harvestman

PLANTS

Class Order Family Genus Species Common Name

Kingdom Phylum Liliopsida Hydrocharitales Hydrocharitaceae Elodea canadensis Canadian waterweed Liliopsida Najadales Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton crispus Curly pondweed Liliopsida Typhales Typhaceae Typha latifolia Broadleaf cattail

Magnoliopsida Alismatales Araceae Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit Magnoliopsida Alismatales Araceae Symplocarpus foetidus Eastern skunk cabbage Magnoliopsida Apiales Apiaceae Aegopodium podagraria Bishop weed or Goutweed Magnoliopsida Apiales Apiaceae Daucus carota Wild carrot or Queen Anne's Lace Magnoliopsida Asparagales Asparagaceae Maianthemum canadense Canadian mayflower Magnoliopsida Asparagales Iridaceae Iris pseudoacorus Yellow flag Magnoliopsida Asparagales Orchidaceae Epipactis helleborine Helleborine Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Achillea millefolium Yarrow Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Arctium minus Lesser burdock Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Aster sp. Aster Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Bidens sp. Beggerticks Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Cirsium palustre Swamp thistle or marsh thistle Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Echinops ritro Globethistle Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Erigeron annuus Eastern daisy fleabane Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Erigeron philadelphicus Fleabane Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Helenium sp. Sunflower Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Lapsana communis Nipplewort Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Nabalus sp. White lettuce Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Solidago sp. Goldenrod Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Tanacetum parthenium Feverfew

Plantae Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Taraxacum officinalis Dandelion

Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Asterales Brassicaceae Alliaria petiolata Garlic mustard Magnoliopsida Asterales Brassicaceae Thlaspi arvense Pennycress Magnoliopsida Brassicales Brassicaceae Hesperis matronalis Dame's rocket Magnoliopsida Caryophyllales Polygonaceae Rumex obtusifolius Dock leaf Magnoliopsida Celastrales Celastraceae Celastrus orbiculata Oriental bittersweet Magnoliopsida Cornales Cornaceae Cornus alternifolia Green osier or pagoda dogwood Magnoliopsida Cornales Cornaceae Cornus alba Red osier Magnoliopsida Dipsacales Adoxaceae Sambucus nigra Elderberry Magnoliopsida Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Lonicera sp. Honeysuckle Magnoliopsida Dipsacales Valerianaceae Valeriana officinalis Common valerian Magnoliopsida Ericales Balsaminaceae Impatiens capensis Spotted jewelweed Magnoliopsida Ericales Ericaceae Epigaea sp. May flower Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Amorpha fruiticosa False indigo Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Amphicarpaea bracteata Hog peanut Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Trifolium agrarium Hop clover Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Trifolium dubium Least Hop clover Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Trifolium hybridum Alsike clover Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Trifolium pratense Red clover Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Trifolium repens White clover Magnoliopsida Fagales Betulaceae Alnus incana Speckled alder Magnoliopsida Fagales Betulaceae Carpinus caroliniana Musclewood or American hornbeam Magnoliopsida Fagales Betulaceae Corylus americana American hazelnut Table 2 (Con't). All taxa observed at Brookwood on 29 June 2015 (between 9am and 12pm).

Magnoliopsida Fagales Betulaceae Ostrya virginiana Hop hornbean Magnoliopsida Fagales Fagaceae Fagus grandifolia Beech tree Magnoliopsida Fagales Fagaceae Quercus rubra Red oak Magnoliopsida Gentianales Ascleiadaceae Asclepias incarnata Swamp milkweed Magnoliopsida Gentianales Ascleiadaceae Asclepias syriaca Common milkweed Magnoliopsida Gentianales Rubiaceae Galium odoratum Wild baby's breath Magnoliopsida Gentianales Rubiaceae Galium sp. Bedstraw Magnoliopsida Geraniales Geraniaceae Geranium robertainum Herb Robert Magnoliopsida Haloragales Haloragaceae Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian watermilfoil Magnoliopsida Juglandales Juglandaceae Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory Magnoliopsida Lamiales Boraginaceae Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not Magnoliopsida Lamiales Lamiaceae Clinopodium vulgare Wild Basil Magnoliopsida Lamiales Lamiaceae Prunella vulgaris Self-heal Magnoliopsida Lamiales Oleaceae Fraxinus americana White ash Magnoliopsida Lamiales Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata Enlish plantain Magnoliopsida Lamiales Plantaginaceae Plantago major Broadleaf plantain Magnoliopsida Lamiales Plantaginaceae Veronica anagallis-aquatica American brookline Magnoliopsida Lamiales Plantaginaceae Veronica officinalis Common Speedwell Magnoliopsida Liliales Colchicaceae Uvularia sessilifolia Bellwort Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Hypericaceae Hypericum perforatum St. John's wort Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Salicaceae Populus deltoides Cottonwood Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Salicaceae Populus tremuloides Quaking aspen Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Salicaceae Salix sp. Willow Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Violaceae Viola sp. Violet flower Magnoliopsida Malvales Malvaceae Tilia americana Basswood Magnoliopsida Myrtales Lythraceae Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife Magnoliopsida Oxalidales Oxalidaceae Oxalis stricta Yellow woodsorrel Magnoliopsida Poales Cyperaceae Carex lurida Sedge Magnoliopsida Poales Juncaceae Juncus effusus Rush Magnoliopsida Poales Poaceae Agrostis sp. Bentgrass Magnoliopsida Poales Poaceae Avena sp. Wild oats Magnoliopsida Poales Poaceae Dactylis glomerata Orchard grass Magnoliopsida Poales Poaceae Microstegium vimineum Grass Magnoliopsida Poales Poaceae Phleum pratense Timothy grass Magnoliopsida Primlales Primulaceae Lysimachia terrestis Swamp candles Magnoliopsida Primlales Primulaceae Trientalis borealis Starflower

Plantae Magnoliopsida Ranuculales Papaveraceae Chelidonium majus Greater celandine

Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Berberidaceae Berberis thunbergii Japanese Barberry Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Berberidaceae Berberis vulgaris European Barberry Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Actaea pachypoda Dolls eye or white baneberry Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Aquilegia canadensis Columbine Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Hepatica acutiloba Liverwort or Liverleaf Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Ranunculus acris Buttercup Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Ranunculus septentrionalis Swamp buttercup Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Thalictrum sp. Rue Magnoliopsida Rosales Cannabaceae Humulus lupulus American hops Magnoliopsida Rosales Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive Magnoliopsida Rosales Rhamnaceae Rhamnus cathartica Common buckthorn Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Agrimonia sp. Agrimony Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Amelanchier arborea Shadbush or juneberry or serviceberry Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Crataegus sp. Hawthorn Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Filipendula rubra Queen-of-the-prairie Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Fragaria virginiana Stawberry Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Geum canadense White avens Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Physocarpus sp. Ninebark Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Prunus serotina Black cherry Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Rosa multiflora Multiflora rose Magnoliopsida Rosales Urticaceae Pilea pumila Canadian clearweed Magnoliopsida Rosales Urticaceae Urtica dioica Stinging nettle Magnoliopsida Sapindales Anacardiaceae Rhus typhina Smooth sumac Magnoliopsida Sapindales Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron radicans Poison Ivy Magnoliopsida Sapindales Sapindaceae Acer platanoides Norway maple Magnoliopsida Sapindales Sapindaceae Acer rubrum Red maple Magnoliopsida Sapindales Sapindaceae Acer saccharum Sugar maple Magnoliopsida Sapindales Sapindaceae Acer saccharinum Silver maple Magnoliopsida Saxifragales Crassulaceae Sedum sp. Sedum Magnoliopsida Saxifragales Grossulariaceae Ribes sp. Currant Magnoliopsida Saxifragales Hamamelidaceae Hamamelis virginiana Witch Hazel Magnoliopsida Solanales Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae sp. Bindweed Magnoliopsida Vitales Vitaceae Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper Table 2 (Con't). All taxa observed at Brookwood on 29 June 2015 (between 9am and 12pm).

Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Vitales Vitaceae Vitis sp. Grapevine

Pinopsida Pinales Cupressaceae Thuja occidentalis Northern white cedar Pinopsida Pinales Pinaceae Pinus strobus White pine

Pinophyta Pinopsida Pinales Pinaceae Tsuga canadensis Hemlock

Polypodiopsida Blechnales Thelypteridaceae Phegopteris hexagonoptera Beech fern Polypodiopsida Blechnales Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris noveboracensis New York Fern

Pteridopsida Polypodiales Athyriaceae Athyrium filix-femina Lady fern

Plantae Pteridopsida Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris carthusiana Wood fern Pteridopsida Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris intermedia Wood fern Pteridopsida Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris marginalis Wood fern

Tracheophyta Pteridopsida Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich fern Pteridopsida Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern Pteridopsida Polypodiales Onocleaceae Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive fern

Equisetopsida Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense Horsetail

OTHER

Class Order Family Genus Species Common Name

Kingdom Phylum Conjugatophyceae Desmidiales Closteriaceae Closterium sp. Algae Conjugatophyceae Zygnematales Zygnemataceae Lepocinclis spirogyna Algae

Charophyta Conjugatophyceae Zygnematales Zygnemataceae Mougeotia sp. Algae

Chlorophyceae Sphaeropleales Radiococcaceae Gloeocystis sp. Algae

Plantae Chlorophyceae Oedogoniales Oedogoniaceae Oedogonium sp. Algae

Chlorophyta

Bacillariophyceae Cymbellales Cymbellaceae Cymbella sp. Algae

Diatoms Bacillariophytina Bacillariophyceae Diatoma sp. Algae Diatoms Radical centric diatomsMelosirids Melosira sp. Algae

Stramenopiles

Agaricomycetes Agaricales Tricholomataceae Tricholoma equestre Man on horseback

Fungi

Basidiomycota Agaricomycetes Agaricales Physalacriaceae Strobilurus conigenoides Magnolia-cone mushroom Table 3. All taxa observed at Fetterley Forest Conservation Area on 9 July 2015 (between 9am and 12pm).

ANIMALS

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Common Name Aves Apodiformes Trochilidae Archilochus colubris Ruby-throated hummingbird Aves Passeriformes Bombycillidae Bombycilla cedrorum Cedar waxwing Aves Passeriformes Corvidae Corvus brachyrchynchos American crow Aves Passeriformes Corvidae Cyanocitta cristata Blue jay Aves Passeriformes Emberizidae Junco hyemalis Dark-eyed junco Aves Passeriformes Emberizidae Pipilo erythrophthalmus Rufous-sided towhee Aves Passeriformes Parulidae Geothlypis trichas Common yellowthroat Aves Passeriformes Parulidae Seiurus aurocapilla Ovenbird Aves Passeriformes Parulidae Setophaga pensylvanica Chestnut-sided warbler Aves Passeriformes Parulidae Setophaga virens Black-throated green warbler Aves Passeriformes Sittidae Sitta carolinensis White-breasted nuthatch Aves Passeriformes Troglodytidae Troglodytes aedon House wren Aves Passeriformes Turdidae Catharus fuscescens Veery

Chordata Aves Passeriformes Turdidae Hylocichla mustelina Wood thrush Aves Passeriformes Turdidae Turdus migratorius Robin Aves Passeriformes Tyrannidae Contopus virens Eastern pewee Aves Passeriformes Vireonidae Vireo olivaceus Red-eyed vireo Aves Piciformes Picidae Sphyrapicus varius Yellow-bellied sapsucker

Amphibia Anura Ranidae Rana clamitans Green frog Amphibia Caudata Ambystomatidae Ambystoma laterale Blue-spotted salamander Amphibia Caudata Plethodontidae Plethodon cinereus Red-backed salamander

Mammalia Rodentia Sciuridae Sciurus carolinensis Eastern gray squirrel Mammalia Rodentia Sciuridae Tamias striatus Eastern chipmunk

Insecta Coleoptera Cantharidae Soldier beetle Insecta Coleoptera Carabidae Ground beetle Insecta Coleoptera Cerambycidae Longhorn beetle Insecta Coleoptera Elateridae Click beetle Insecta Coleoptera Lampyridae Firefly Insecta Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Scarab beetle Insecta Dermaptera Forficulidae Earwig Insecta Diptera Agromyzidae Leaf-miner fly Animalia Insecta Diptera Calliphoridae Blow fly Insecta Diptera Dolichopodidae Long-legged fly Insecta Diptera Drosophilidae Vinegar fly Insecta Diptera Muscidae House fly Insecta Diptera Piophilidae Cheese fly Insecta Diptera Scathophagidae Dung-fly Insecta Diptera Sciaridae Dark-winged fungus gnats Insecta Diptera Syrphidae Hoverfly Insecta Diptera Tabanidae Horse-fly Insecta Diptera Tachinidae Parasitoid fly Insecta Diptera Therevidae Stiletto fly Insecta Hemiptera Aphididae Aphid Insecta Hemiptera Cercopidae Froghoppers

Arthropoda Insecta Hemiptera Cicadellidae Leafhoppers Insecta Hemiptera Miridae Plant bug Insecta Hemiptera Nabidae Damsel bug Insecta Hemiptera Psyllidae Jumping plant lice Insecta Hymenoptera Andrenidae Digger bee Insecta Hymenoptera Apidae Bee Insecta Hymenoptera Braconidae Parasitoid Insecta Hymenoptera Chrysididae Cuckoo-bee Insecta Hymenoptera Cynipidae Gall wasp Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Ant Insecta Hymenoptera Halictidae Sweat bee Insecta Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae Ichneumon wasp Insecta Hymenoptera Megachilidae Leaf cutter bees Insecta Hymenoptera Pompilidae Spider wasp Insecta Hymenoptera Sphecidae Thread-waisted wasp Insecta Hymenoptera Erebidae Tiger moth Insecta Lepidoptera Geometridae Inchworm Insecta Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Blues and Coppers Butterfly Insecta Lepidoptera Noctuidae Owlet moth Table 3 (Cont'd). All taxa observed at Fetterley Forest Conservation Area on 9 July 2015 (between 9am and 12pm).

Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Brush-footed butterfly Insecta Lepidoptera Papilionidae Swallowtail butterfly Insecta Lepidoptera Pterophoridae Plume moth Insecta Lepidoptera Pyralidae Snout moth Insecta Lepidoptera Sphingidae Hawk moth Insecta Mecoptera Panorpidae Panorpa Scorpionfly Insecta Odonata Coenagrionidae Narrow-winged damselfly Insecta Odonata Libellulidae Dragonfly Insecta Orthoptera Acrididae Grasshopper Insecta Orthoptera Gryllidae Cricket Insecta Plecoptera Leuctridae Rolled-wing stonefly Insecta Psocoptera Psocidae Booklice Insecta Trichoptera Limnephilidae Caddisfly Arthropoda

Entognatha EntomobryomorphaIsotomidae Springtail Entognatha Symphypleona Sminthuridae Springtail

Arachnida Araneae Linyphiidae Sheet weaver Arachnida Araneae Lycosidae Wolf spider Arachnida Araneae Thomisidae Crab spider Arachnida Opiliones Harvestmen

Animalia Arachnida Oribatida Soil mites Arachnida Pseudoscorpionida False Scorpion Arachnida Trombidiformes Trombiulidae Red velvet mite

Oligochaeta Megadrilacea Earthworm Annelida

Gastropoda Snail

Gastropoda Mollusca Slug

Nematode Nematoda

Tardigrade Tardigrada

Rotifer Rotifera

PLANTS

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Common Name Liliopsida Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex stipata Awlfruit sedge Liliopsida Cyperales Poaceae Elymus canadensis Canada wildrye Liliopsida Juncales Juncaceae Juncus tenuis Path rush

Magnoliopsida Alismatales Araceae Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit Magnoliopsida Apiales Apiaceae Aralia nudicaulis Wild sasparilla Magnoliopsida Apiales Apiaceae Daucus carota Queen Anne's lace Magnoliopsida Asparagales Apiaceae Pastinaca sativa Wild parsnip Magnoliopsida Asparagales Asparagaceae Maianthemum canadense Canadian mayflower Magnoliopsida Asparagales Asparagaceae Smilacina racemosa False Soloman's seal Magnoliopsida Asparagales Orchidaceae Epipactis helliborine Helleborine Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Arctium minus Burdock Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Aster divaricatus White wood aster Plantae Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Centaurea jacea Brown knapweed Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Centaurea maculosa Spotted knapweed Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Ox-Eye daisy Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Cirsium palustre Marsh thistle Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Erigeron annuus Daisy fleabane Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Erigeron philadelphicus Common fleabane Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Euthamia graminifolia Flat top goldenrod Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Lapsana communis Nipplewort Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Solidago sp. Goldenrod Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Tussilago farfara Coltsfoot Table 3 (Cont'd). All taxa observed at Fetterley Forest Conservation Area on 9 July 2015 (between 9am and 12pm).

Magnoliopsida Brassicales Brassicaceae Allaria petiolata Garlic mustard Magnoliopsida Brassicales Brassicaceae Hesperis matronalis Dame's rocket Magnoliopsida Caryophyllales Caryophyllaceae Cerastium fontanum Mouse-ear chickweed Magnoliopsida Caryophyllales Caryophyllaceae Lychnis flos-cuculi Ragged robin Magnoliopsida Caryophyllales Polygonaceae Fallopia japonica Japanese bamboo Magnoliopsida Caryophyllales Polygonaceae Rumex crispus Curled dock Magnoliopsida Cornales Cornaceae Cornus alternifolia Alternate-leaved dogwood Magnoliopsida Cornales Cornaceae Cornus canadensis Bunchberry Magnoliopsida Cornales Cornaceae Cornus sericera Red osier dogwood Magnoliopsida Dipsacales Adoxaceae Viburnum lentago Nannyberry Magnoliopsida Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Lonicera tatarica Tartarian honeysuckle Magnoliopsida Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Sambucus nigra Black elderberry Magnoliopsida Dipsacales Valerianaceae Valeriana officinalis Valarian, Garden heliotrope Magnoliopsida Ericales Balsaminaceae Impatiens capensis Impatience Magnoliopsida Ericales Ericaceae Pyrola rotundifolia Shinleaf, Pyrola Magnoliopsida Ericales Ericaceae Rhododendron occidentale Western azalea Magnoliopsida Ericales Ericaceae Vaccinium sp. Blueberry Magnoliopsida Ericales Myrsinaceae Trientalis borealis Star flower Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Amphicarpaea bracteata Hog peanut Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Desmodium heterocarpon Tick trefoil Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Lotus corniculatus Bird's foot trefoil Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Trifolium aureum Hop-Clover Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Trifolium dubium Small hop clover Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Trifolium hybridum Alsike clover Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Trifolium pratense Red clover Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Trifolium repens White clover Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Vicia cracca Cow vetch Magnoliopsida Fagales Betulaceae Betula papyrifera White birch Magnoliopsida Fagales Betulaceae Corylus cornuta Beaked hazelnut Magnoliopsida Fagales Betulaceae Ostrya virginiana Eastern hophornbeam Magnoliopsida Fagales Fagaceae Fagus grandifolia American beech Magnoliopsida Fagales Fagaceae Quercus alba White oak Magnoliopsida Fagales Fagaceae Quercus rubra Northern red oak Magnoliopsida Gentianales Asclepiadaceae Asclepias exaltata Green milkweed Magnoliopsida Gentianales Rubiaceae Gallium sp. Bedstraw Magnoliopsida Gentianales Rubiaceae Mitchella repens Partridge berry Plantae Magnoliopsida Geraniales Geraniaceae Geranium maculatum Spotted cranesbill

Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Geraniales Geraniaceae Geranium robertainum Herb Robert Magnoliopsida Lamiales Lamiaceae Clinopodium vulgare Wild basil Magnoliopsida Lamiales Lamiaceae Prunella vulgaris Heal-all Magnoliopsida Lamiales Oleaceae Fraxinus americana American white ash Magnoliopsida Lamiales Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata English plantain Magnoliopsida Lamiales Plantaginaceae Plantago major Broadleaf plantain Magnoliopsida Lamiales Scrophulariaceae Verbascum thapsus Mullein Magnoliopsida Lamiales Verbenaceae Verbena urticifolia White verbena Magnoliopsida Liliales Lilaceae Clintonia borealis Bluebeads Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Salicaceae Populus grandidentata Big-tooth aspen Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Salicaceae Salix sp. Willow Magnoliopsida Malvales Malvaceae Malva moschata Musk mallow Magnoliopsida Malvales Malvaceae Tilia americana Basswood Magnoliopsida Myrtales Onagraceae Circaea lutetiana Enchanter's nightshade Magnoliopsida Oxalidales Oxalidaceae Oxalis stricta Yellow wood sorrel Magnoliopsida Poales Cyperaceae Carex lurida Sedge Magnoliopsida Poales Cyperaceae Carex vulpinoidea Fox sedge Magnoliopsida Poales Cyperaceae Scirpus sp. Bullrush Magnoliopsida Poales Juncaceae Juncus effusus Rush Magnoliopsida Poales Poaceae Glyceria sp. Grass Magnoliopsida Poales Poaceae Phleum pratense Timothy grass Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Berberidaceae Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Ranunculus acris Common buttercup Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Ranunculus repens Creeping buttercup Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Taraxicum officinale Dandelion Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Thalictrum dioicum Meadow rue Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Agrimonia sp. Agrimony Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Amelanchier laevis Shadbush Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Fragaria virginiana Strawberry Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Geum canadense White avens Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Potentilla simplex Common cinquefoil Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Prunus serotina Black cherry Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Prunus virginiana Choke cherry Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Rosa multiflora Multiflora rose Table 3 (Cont'd). All taxa observed at Fetterley Forest Conservation Area on 9 July 2015 (between 9am and 12pm).

Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Rubus allegheniensis Northern blackberry Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Rubus idaeus Red raspberry Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Rubus odoratus Purple flowering raspberry Magnoliopsida Rosales Urticaceae Pilea pumila Canadian clearweed Magnoliopsida Sapindales Aceraceae Acer pensylvanicum Moosewood, Striped Magnoliopsida Sapindales Anarcardiaceae Rhus typhina Staghorn sumac Magnoliopsida Sapindales Sapindaceae Acer rubrum Red maple Magnoliopsida Sapindales Sapindaceae Acer saccharum Sugar maple Magnoliopsida Solanales Solanaceae Solanum nigra Black nightshade Magnoliopsida Vitales Vitaceae Vitus sp. Grapevine

Pinopsida Pinales Pinaceae Pinus strobus Eastern white pine Plantae Pinopsida Pinales Pinaceae Tsuga canadensis Eastern hemlock Magnoliophyta

Polypodiopsida Polypodiales Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium aquilinum Northern bracken fern Polypodiopsida Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris intermedia Intermediate woodfern Polypodiopsida Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Polystichium acrostichoides Christmas fern Polypodiopsida Polypodiales Onocleaceae Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich fern Polypodiopsida Polypodiales Onocleaceae Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive fern Polypodiopsida Polypodiales Pteridaceae Adiantum pedatum Maidenhair fern Polypodiopsida Polypodiales Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris phegopteris Beech fern Polypodiopsida Polypodiales Woodsiaceae Athyrium filix-femina Ladyfern Table 4. All taxa observed at Parslow on 16 July 2015 (between 9am and 12pm).

ANIMALS

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Common Name

Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Catostomidae Catostromus commersonii White sucker Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Catostomidae Hypentelium nigricans Northern hogsucker Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Exoglossum maxilingua Culips minnow Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Notropus rubellus Roseyface shiner Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Semotilus atromaculatus Creek chub Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Semotilus corporalis Fall fish Actinopterygii Perciformes Centrarchidae Ambloplites rupestris Rock bass Actinopterygii Perciformes Centrarchidae Lepomis auritis Red-breast sunfish Actinopterygii Perciformes Centrarchidae Lepomis gibbosus Pumpkinseed Actinopterygii Perciformes Centrarchidae Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill Actinopterygii Perciformes Centrarchidae Micropterus dolomieu Smallmouth bass Actinopterygii Perciformes Centrarchidae Micropterus salmoides Laremouth bass Actinopterygii Perciformes Percidae Etheosoma olmstedii Tesselated darter

Aves Accipitriformes Cathartidae Cathartes aura Turkey vulture Aves Columbiformes Columbidae Zenaida macroura Mourning dove Aves Coraciiformes Alcedinidae Megaceryle alcyon Belted kingfisher Aves Passeriformes Bombycillidae Bombycilla cedrorum Cedar waxwing Aves Passeriformes Corvidae Corvus brachyrhynchos American crow Aves Passeriformes Corvidae Cyanocitta cristata Blue jay

Chordata Aves Passeriformes Emberizidae Melospiza melodia Song sparrow Aves Passeriformes Emberizidae Zonotrichia albicollis White-throated sparrow Aves Passeriformes Fringillidae Spinus tristis American goldfinch Aves Passeriformes Icteridae Quiscalus quiscula Common grackle Aves Passeriformes Mimidae Dumetella carolinensis Gray catbird Aves Passeriformes Paridae Poecile atricapillus Black-capped chickadee Aves Passeriformes Parulidae Geothlypis trichas Common yellowthroat Aves Passeriformes Parulidae Setophaga petechia Yellow warbler Aves Passeriformes Sittidae Sitta carolinensis White-breasted nuthatch Aves Passeriformes Troglodytidae Troglodytes aedon House wren Aves Passeriformes Turdidae Catharus fuscescens Veery Aves Passeriformes Turdidae Turdus migratorius American robin Aves Passeriformes Tyrannidae Sayornis phoebe Eastern phoebe Aves Piciformes Picidae Colaptes auratus Northern flicker Animalia

Amphibia Anura Ranidae Rana clamitans Green frog

Mammalia Artiodactyla Cervidae Odocoileus virginianus White-tailed deer Mammalia Rodentia Sciuridae Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Red squirrel

Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Dreissenidae Dreissena polymorpha Zebra mussel

Insecta Coleoptera Carabidae sp. Gound beetle Insecta Coleoptera Cerambycidae sp. Longhorn beetle Insecta Coleoptera Chrysomelidae sp. Leaf beetle Insecta Coleoptera Elateridae sp. Click beetle Insecta Coleoptera Gyrinidae sp. Whirlgig beetle Insecta Coleoptera Lampyridae sp. Firefly Insecta Coleoptera Scarabaeidae sp. Scarab beetle Insecta Dermaptera Forficulidae sp. Earwig Insecta Diptera Asilidae sp. Robber fly Insecta Diptera Calliphoridae sp. Blow fly Insecta Diptera Dolochipodidae sp. Long-legged fly Insecta Diptera Drosophilidae sp. Vinegar fly Insecta Diptera Sarcophagidae sp. Flesh fly

Arthopoda Insecta Diptera Sciomyzidae sp. Marsh fly Insecta Diptera Syrphidae sp. Hoverfly Insecta Diptera Tachinidae sp. Parasitoid fly Insecta Diptera Tephritidae sp. Fruit fly Insecta Ephemeroptera Ephemeridae Hexagenia sp. Mayfly Insecta Hemiptera Aphididea sp. Aphid Insecta Hemiptera Cercopidae sp. Froghopper Insecta Hemiptera Cicadellidae sp. Leafhopper Insecta Hemiptera Membracidae sp. Treehopper Insecta Hemiptera Miridae sp. Plant bugs Insecta Hemiptera Pentatomidae sp. Stink bugs Table 4 (Cont'd). All taxa observed at Parslow on 17 July 2015 (between 9am and 12pm).

Insecta Hemiptera Reduviidae sp. Assassin bug Insecta Hemiptera Veliidae sp. Broad shouldered water strider Insecta Hymenoptera Apidae sp. Bee Insecta Hymenoptera Cynipidae sp. Gall wasp Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae sp. Ant Insecta Hymenoptera Halictidae sp. Sweat bee Insecta Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae sp. Ichneumon wasp Insecta Hymenoptera Sphecidae sp Thread-waisted wasps Insecta Lepidoptera Erebidae sp. Tiger moth Insecta Lepidoptera Hesperiidae sp. Skipper Insecta Lepidoptera sp. Leaf miner moth Insecta Lepidoptera Noctuidae sp. Owlet moth Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae sp. Brushtail butterfly Insecta Lepidoptera Papilionidae sp. Swallowtail butterfly Insecta Lepidoptera Pieridae sp. Whites and sulphurs Animalia Arthopoda Insecta Lepidoptera Pyralidae sp. Snout moth Insecta Lepidoptera Sphingidae sp. Clearwing Moth Insecta Mecoptera Panorpidae sp. Scorpionfly Insecta Odonata Calopterygidae sp. Damselfly Insecta Odonata Coenagrionadae sp. Damselly Insecta Odonata Lestidae sp. Damselfly Insecta Odonata Libellulidae sp. Skimmer Insecta Orthoptera Acrididae sp. Grasshopper Insecta Orthoptera Gryllidae sp. Cricket Insecta Orthoptera Tettigoniidae sp. Long-horned grasshopper

Arachnida Opiliones sp. Harvestmen Arachnida Araneae Thomisidae sp. Crab spider

PLANTS

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Common Name Magnoliopsida Alismatales Alismataceae Sagittaria latifolia Broadleaf arrowhead Magnoliopsida Alismatales Alismataceae Sagittaria rigida Arrowhead Magnoliopsida Alismatales Araceae Symplocarpus foetidus Skunk weed Magnoliopsida Apiales Apiaceae Cicuta maculata Water hemlock Magnoliopsida Apiales Apiaceae Daucus carota Queen Anne's lace Magnoliopsida Apiales Apiaceae Pastinaca sativa Wild parsnip Magnoliopsida Apiales Araliaceae Aralia nudicaulis Wild sarsaparilla Magnoliopsida Asparagales Alliodeae Allium canadensis Wild garlic Magnoliopsida Asparagales Asparagaceae Smilacina racemosa False Soloman's seal Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Achillea millefolium Common yarrow Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Centaurea maculosa Spotted knapweed Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Ox-Eye daisy Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Cirsium palustre Marsh thistle Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium Sweet everlasting Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Gnaphalium uliginosum Low cudweed Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Lapsana communis Nipplewort Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Rudbeckia laciniata Cut leaved coneflower Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Solidago graminifolia Flat top goldenrod Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Solidago sp. Goldenrod Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Sow-thistle

Plantae Sonchus sp. Magnoliopsida Asterales Asteraceae Tussilago farfara Coltsfoot Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Brassicales Brassicaceae Allaria petiolata Garlic mustard Magnoliopsida Brassicales Brassicaceae Hesperis matronalis Dame's rocket Magnoliopsida Brassicales Brassicaceae Lepidium campestre Poor man's peppergrass Magnoliopsida Brassicales Brassicaceae Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Watercress Magnoliopsida Brassicales Brassicaceae Rorippa palustris Yellow cress Magnoliopsida Caryophyllales Caryophyllaceae Stellaria media Chickweed Magnoliopsida Cucurbitales Cucurbitaceae Echinocystis lobata Wild cucumber Magnoliopsida Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex lurida Sedge Magnoliopsida Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex pseudocyperus Sedge Magnoliopsida Dipsacales Adoxaceae Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Magnoliopsida Dipsacales Adoxaceae Viburnum lentago Nannyberry Magnoliopsida Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Lonicera sp. Honeysuckle Magnoliopsida Ericales Balsaminaceae Impatiens capensis Jewelweed Magnoliopsida Ericales Myrsinaceae Lysimachia ciliata Fringed loosestrife Magnoliopsida Ericales Myrsinaceae Lysimachia nummularia Moneywort Magnoliopsida Ericales Myrsinaceae Lysimachia terrestris Swamp candles Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Gleditsia triacanthos Honeylocust Table 4 (Cont'd). All taxa observed at Parslow on 17 July 2015 (between 9am and 12pm).

Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Lotus corniculatus Bird's foot trefoil Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Melilotus alba Sweet white clover Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Trifolium campestre Low hop-clover Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Trifolium dubium Small hop clover Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Trifolium hybridum Alsike clover Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Trifolium pratense Red clover Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Trifolium repens White clover Magnoliopsida Fagales Betulaceae Betula alleghaniensis Yellow birch Magnoliopsida Fagales Betulaceae Alnus incana Speckled alder Magnoliopsida Fagales Juglandaceae Juglans cinerea Butternut Magnoliopsida Gentianales Asclepiadaceae Asclepias syriaca Milkweed Magnoliopsida Geraniales Geraniaceae Geranium robertainum Herb robert Magnoliopsida Hamamelidales Platanacea Platanus occidentalis American sycamore Magnoliopsida Iridaceae Irideae Iris pseudacorus Yellow flag Magnoliopsida Lamiales Boraginaceae Myosotis scorpioides Forget me not Magnoliopsida Lamiales Lamiaceae Clinopodium vulgare Wild basil Magnoliopsida Lamiales Lamiaceae Glechoma hederacea Ground ivy Magnoliopsida Lamiales Lamiaceae Linaria vulgaris Butter and eggs Magnoliopsida Lamiales Lamiaceae Lycopus sp. Bugleweed Magnoliopsida Lamiales Lamiaceae Mentha arvensis Wild mint Magnoliopsida Lamiales Phrymaceae Mimulus ringens Monkey flower Magnoliopsida Lamiales Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata English plantain Magnoliopsida Lamiales Plantaginaceae Plantago major Common plantain Magnoliopsida Lamiales Plantaginaceae Veronica anagallis-aquatica Water speedwell Magnoliopsida Lamiales Verbenaceae Verbena hastata Blue vervain Magnoliopsida Liliales Colchicaceae Uvularia sessilifolia Bellwort Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Hypericaceae Hypericum punctatum Spotted St Johnswort Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Salicaceae Populus tremuloides Quaking aspen Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Salicaceae Salix fragilis Willow Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Salicaceae Salix sp. Willow Magnoliopsida Malvales Malvaceae Malva moschata Musk mallow Magnoliopsida Malvales Tiliaceae Tilia americana Basswood Magnoliopsida Myrtales Lythraceae Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife Magnoliopsida Myrtales Onagraceae Circaea lutetiana Enchanter's nightshade Magnoliopsida Myrtales Onagraceae Circaea alpina Dwarf enchanter's nightshade Magnoliopsida Myrtales Onagraceae Ludwigia palustris Water weed Magnoliopsida Myrtales Onocleaceae Evening primrose

Plantae Oenothera biennis Magnoliopsida Nymphaeales Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea sp. Water lily Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Orchidales Orchidaceae Epipactis helleborine Broadleaf helleborine Magnoliopsida Oxalidales Oxalidaceae Oxalis stricta Yellow wood sorrel Magnoliopsida Poales Cyperaceae Eleocharis palustris Common spikerush Magnoliopsida Poales Cyperaceae Scirpus sp. Bulrush Magnoliopsida Poales Juncaceae Juncus sp. Rush Magnoliopsida Poales Typhaceae Sparganium americanum Burreed Magnoliopsida Poales Typhaceae Typha latifolia Cattail Magnoliopsida Polygonales Polygonaceae Polygonum persicaria Lady's thumb Magnoliopsida Polygonales Polygonaceae Polygonum virginianum Jumpseed Magnoliopsida Polygonales Polygonaceae Rumex crispus Curled dock Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Ranunculus acris Common buttercup Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Ranunculus recurvatus Hooked buttercup Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Ranunculus repens Creeping buttercup Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Ranunculus sp. Buttercup Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Taraxicum officinale Dandelion Magnoliopsida Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Thalictrum sp. Rue Magnoliopsida Rosales Rhamnaceae Rhamnus cathartica Buckthorn Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Agrimonia sp. Agrimony Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Fragaria virginiana Strawberry Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Geum aleppicum Yellow avens Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Geum canadense White avens Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Malus sp. Apple Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Potentilla simplex Common cinquefoil Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Prunus serotina Black cherry Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Prunus virginia Choke Cherry Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Rosa multiflora Multiflora rose Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Rubus allegheniensis Northern blackberry Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Rubus idaeus Red raspberry Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae Rubus odoratus Purple flowering raspberry Magnoliopsida Rubiales Rubiaceae Galium asprellum Rough bedstraw Magnoliopsida Rubiales Rubiaceae Galium mollugo False baby's breath Magnoliopsida Sapindales Aceraceae Acer rubrum Red maple Magnoliopsida Sapindales Aceraceae Acer saccharinum Silver maple Magnoliopsida Sapindales Aceraceae Acer saccharum Sugar maple Table 4 (Cont'd). All taxa observed at Parslow on 17 July 2015 (between 9am and 12pm).

Magnoliopsida Sapindales Anarcardiaceae Rhus hirta Staghorn sumac Magnoliopsida Sapindales Anarcardiaceae Toxicodendron radicans Poison ivy Magnoliopsida Saxifragales Grossulariaceae Ribes sp. Currant Magnoliopsida Saxifragales Haloragaceae Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian milfoil Magnoliopsida Scrophulariales Oleaceae Fraxinus americana American white ash Magnoliopsida Scrophulariales Oleaceae Fraxinus nigra Black ash Magnoliopsida Solanales Solanaceae Solanum nigra Black nightshade Magnoliopsida Urticales Ulmaceae Ulmus americana American elm Magnoliopsida Urticales Ulmaceae Ulmus rubra Slippery elm Magnoliopsida Urticales Urticaceae Laportea canadensis Wood nettle Magnoliopsida Urticales Urticaceae Pilea pumila Clearweed Magnoliopsida Urticales Urticaceae Urtica dioica Stinging nettle

Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Urticales Urticaceae Boehmeria cylindrica False nettle Magnoliopsida Vitales Vitaceae Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper Magnoliopsida Vitales Vitaceae Vitus sp. Grape

Equisetopsida Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum sp. Horsetail

Polypodiopsida Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris intermedia Intermediate woodfern Polypodiopsida Polypodiales Onocleaceae Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich fern

Plantae Polypodiopsida Polypodiales Oncleaceae Onclea sensibilis Sensitive fern

Pinophyta Pinosida Pinales Pinaceae Tsuga canadensis Eastern Hemlock

Charophyta Conjugatophyceae Zygnematales Zygnemataceae Mougeotia sp. Algae

Chlorophyceae ChlamydomonadalesChlamydomonadaceaeChlamydomonas sp. Algae Chlorophyta Chlorophyceae ChlamydomonadalesChlamydomonadaceaeChlamydomonas sp. Algae Chlorophyceae Sphaeropleales Microsporaceae Microspora sp. Algae

Fragilariophyceae Licmophorales Ulnanaceae Synedra sp. Algae Bacillariophyta Fragilariophyceae Tabellariales Tabellariales Meridion sp. Algae

CyanobacteriaCyanophyceae Oscillatoriales Oscillatoriaceae Oscillatoria sp. Algae

Chlorophyceae ChlamydomonadalesChlamydomonadaceaeChlamydomonas sp. Algae Chlorophyceae Sphaeropleales Microsporaceae Microspora sp. Algae

Chlorophyta Trebouxiophyceae Chlorellates Oocystaceae Oocystis sp. Algae REFERENCES

Davidson, Emily. 2015. Summer 2014 Summer BioBlitz Series. In 47th Ann. Rept. (2014). SUNY Oneonta Biol. Fld. Sta. SUNY Oneonta.

Gleason, H.A., and Cronquist, A. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden Pr. Dept.

Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved SEPT, 2015. System On-line Database.

Otsego Land Trust. 2014. http://otsegolandtrust.org/

Post, S.L. 2003. Biodiversity blitz: A day in the life of… The Illinois Steward 12(1):1-8.

Ruch, D.G., Karns, D.R., McMuray, P, Moore-Palm, J., Murphy, W., Namestnik, S.A., and Roth, K. 2010. Results of the Loblolly Marsh Wetland Preserve Bioblitz, Jay County, Indiana. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. 119:(1)1-3.

Tree of life Web Project. 2005. http://tolweb.org/tree/

USGS. 2009. Bioblitz Home. http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/blitz.html