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MANUEL DE JESUS TOALA ACOSTA.Pdf (1.529Mb) UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA AGRARIA ANTONIO NARRO UNIDAD LAGUNA DIVISIÓN DE CARRERAS AGRONÓMICAS Identificación de Cucarachas en el área urbana de San Pedro de las Colonias, Coahuila POR MANUEL DE JESÚS TOALA ACOSTA TESIS PRESENTADA COMO REQUISITO PARCIAL PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO DE: INGENIERO AGRÓNOMO PARASITÓLOGO TORREÓN, COAHUILA FEBRERO, DE 2016 AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco a Dios por brindarme la oportunidad de vivir y estar aquí disfrutando de este gran sueño cumplido concluir mi carrera profesional. A mi Alma Terra Mater Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro por darme la oportunidad de formarme como profesionista y decir que soy orgullosamente Narro. Al M.C. Sergio Hernández Rodríguez por todo su apoyo incondicional y por darme la oportunidad de participar en este proyecto de investigación. A mis Asesores, M.C. Sonia López Galindo, M.C. Javier López Hernández y Dr. Aldo Iván Ortega Morales, por su tiempo, dedicación y por todas sus atenciones. Mis más sinceros agradecimientos a todo el personal académico del Departamento de Parasitología, Graciela Armijo, Raúl Soto, Gabriela muñoz por todas sus atenciones brindadas. i DEDICATORIAS A mis queridos padres JORGE LUIS TOALA MENDOZA, quien ha sido un ejemplo de padre y un excelente ser humano que me ha demostrado que no existen cosas imposibles cuando realmente se quiere lograrlas. Gracias por ser mi padre. YULIA DEL CARMEN ACOSTA OLIVA, por ser una gran mujer y la mejor madre que Dios me pudo dar, por todo su apoyo y consejos sabios. Por qué es un gran honor ser tu hijo. A mis hermanos JORGE y GEINER que me han acompañado en mis logros y fracasos, gracias por confiar en mí. Me siento orgulloso de tenerlos como mi familia. A mi hijo DIEGO ENRIQUE TOALA DIAZ Y A MI ESPOSA ERENDIRA DIAZ a quienes amo con todo mí ser y que son lo más grande que Dios me pudo dar. ii ÍNDICE AGRADECIMIENTOS .............................................................................................. ii DEDICATORIAS ...................................................................................................... ii RESUMEN ............................................................................................................. vii ÍNDICE .................................................................................................................... iii ÍNDICE DE CUADROS ........................................................................................... v ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS ............................................................................................. vi 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Objetivos .................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1. Objetivo general ...................................................................................... 2 1.1.2. Objetivos específicos ........................................................................... 2 1.2. Hipótesis .................................................................................................... 2 2. REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA ........................................................................... 3 2.1. Ubicación taxonómica de las cucarachas (Triplehorn & Johnson, 2005). .. 3 2.2. Registros fósiles de las cucarachas ........................................................... 3 2.3. Características de las cucarachas.............................................................. 4 2.4. Biología y Hábitos de las cucarachas......................................................... 4 2.5. Importancia de las cucarachas como plagas urbanas................................ 6 2.6. Familias de Blattodea de importancia urbana ............................................ 6 2.6.1. Familia Blattidae ..................................................................................... 7 2.6.2. Familia Blattellidae .................................................................................. 7 2.6.3. Familia Blaberidae .................................................................................. 7 2.6.4. Familia Polyphagidae .............................................................................. 8 2.7. Especies de cucarachas de importancia urbana ........................................ 8 2.7.1.1. Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) ....................................................... 8 2.7.1.2. Ubicación taxonómica (Triplehorn & Johnson, 2005). ......................... 8 2.7.1.3. Biología y hábitos ................................................................................ 9 2.7.2. Blattella germanica (Linnaeus) .............................................................. 10 2.7.2.1. Ubicación taxonómica (Triplehorn & Johnson, 2005) ........................ 10 2.7.2.2. Biología y hábitos. ............................................................................. 11 iii 2.7.3. Supella longipalpa (Fabricius) .............................................................. 11 2.7.3.1. Ubicación taxonómica (Triplehorn & Johnson, 2005). ...................... 11 2.7.3.2. Biología y hábitos. ............................................................................. 12 2.7.4. Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus) .................................................. 12 2.7.5. Blatta orientalis (Linnaeus).................................................................... 13 2.7.5.1. Ubicación taxonómica (L.) (Triplehorn & Johnson, 2005) .................. 13 2.7.5.2. Ciclo biológico.................................................................................... 14 2.7.5.3. Biología y hábitos .............................................................................. 14 2.7.6. Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius) ...................................................... 15 2.7.6.1. Ubicación taxonómica (F.) (Triplehorn & Johnson, 2005) .................. 15 2.7.6.2. Ciclo biológico.................................................................................... 15 2.7.6.3. Biología y hábitos .............................................................................. 16 2.7.7. Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville) ............................................................. 16 2.7.7.1. Ubicación taxonómica (S.) (Triplehorn & Johnson, 2005) .................. 16 2.7.7.2. Ciclo biológico.................................................................................... 16 2.7.7.3. Biología y hábitos .............................................................................. 17 3. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ........................................................................... 18 3.1. Ubicación geográfica ................................................................................ 18 3.2. Clima ........................................................................................................ 18 3.3. Vegetación en área urbana ...................................................................... 18 3.4. Determinación del área de muestreo ....................................................... 19 3.5. Colecta y preservación de especímenes .................................................. 19 3.6. Identificación ............................................................................................ 20 4. RESULTADOS ............................................................................................... 22 4.1. Descripción morfológica de las cucarachas identificadas ............................ 23 5. DISCUSIÓN .................................................................................................... 29 6. CONCLUSIÓN ................................................................................................ 32 7. LITERATURA CITADA ................................................................................... 33 8. ANEXO ........................................................................................................... 36 iv ÍNDICE DE CUADROS Cuadro 1: Frecuencia de especies de cucarachas en el área urbana de San Pedro de las Colonias, Coahuila, 2015. ....................................................................... 22 Cuadro 2: Asociación de especies de cucarachas en el área urbana de San Pedro de las Colonias, Coahuila, 2015. ....................................................................... 23 Cuadro 3: Cucaracha americana Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) .................... 24 Cuadro 4: Cucaracha alemana Blattella germanica (Linnaeus) ............................ 25 Cuadro 5: Cucaracha de bandas cafés Supella longipalpa (Fabricius) ................. 26 Cuadro 6: Cucaracha del Surinam Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus) ........... 27 Cuadro 7: Identificación de ootecas de las cucarachas identificadas .................... 28 Cuadro 8: Ubicación de los sitios de muestreo en el área urbana de san pedro de las colonias, Coahuila, 2015 .............................................................................. 36 v ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura 1: Ciclo biológico de la cucaracha (Ogg et al., 2007) 5 Figura 2: Ubicación del área de muestreo (INEGI, 2016). 19 Figura 3: Muestreo de cucarachas. 20 Figura 4: Colecta y conservación de cucarachas. 20 Figura 5: GPS Garmin etrex 10. 20 Figura 6: Identificación de cucarachas. 21 Figura 7: Pronoto de P. americana. 24 Figura 8: Placa subgenital de la hembra de P. americana (vista ventral). 24 Figura 9: Placa subgeital del macho de P. americana (vista ventral). 24 Figura 10: Cerco de macho P. americana 24 Figura 11: Pronoto de B. germanica. 25 Figura
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