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Educated Youth Should Go to the Rural Areas: a Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values*
Educated Youth Should Go to the Rural Areas: A Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values* Yang You† Harvard University This draft: July 2018 Abstract I use a quasi-random urban-dweller allocation in rural areas during Mao’s Mass Rustication Movement to identify human capital externalities in education, employment, and social values. First, rural residents acquired an additional 0.1-0.2 years of education from a 1% increase in the density of sent-down youth measured by the number of sent-down youth in 1969 over the population size in 1982. Second, as economic outcomes, people educated during the rustication period suffered from less non-agricultural employment in 1990. Conversely, in 2000, they enjoyed increased hiring in all non-agricultural occupations and lower unemployment. Third, sent-down youth changed the social values of rural residents who reported higher levels of trust, enhanced subjective well-being, altered trust from traditional Chinese medicine to Western medicine, and shifted job attitudes from objective cognitive assessments to affective job satisfaction. To explore the mechanism, I document that sent-down youth served as rural teachers with two new county-level datasets. Keywords: Human Capital Externality, Sent-down Youth, Rural Educational Development, Employment Dynamics, Social Values, Culture JEL: A13, N95, O15, I31, I25, I26 * This paper was previously titled and circulated, “Does living near urban dwellers make you smarter” in 2017 and “The golden era of Chinese rural education: evidence from Mao’s Mass Rustication Movement 1968-1980” in 2015. I am grateful to Richard Freeman, Edward Glaeser, Claudia Goldin, Wei Huang, Lawrence Katz, Lingsheng Meng, Nathan Nunn, Min Ouyang, Andrei Shleifer, and participants at the Harvard Economic History Lunch Seminar, Harvard Development Economics Lunch Seminar, and Harvard China Economy Seminar, for their helpful comments. -
Estimating the Impact of Land Cover Change on Soil Erosion Using Remote Sensing and GIS Data by USLE Model and Scenario Design
Hindawi Scientific Programming Volume 2021, Article ID 6633428, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6633428 Research Article Estimating the Impact of Land Cover Change on Soil Erosion Using Remote Sensing and GIS Data by USLE Model and Scenario Design Anmin Fu,1 Yulin Cai ,2 Tao Sun,1 and Feng Li1 1Academy of Inventory and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China 2College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Sciences and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China Correspondence should be addressed to Yulin Cai; [email protected] Received 29 December 2020; Revised 22 January 2021; Accepted 29 January 2021; Published 9 February 2021 Academic Editor: Habib Ullah Khan Copyright © 2021 Anmin Fu et al. (is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Great efforts have been made to curb soil erosion and restore the natural environment to Inner Mongolia in China. (e purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of returning farmland to the forest on soil erosion on a regional scale. Considering that rainfall erosivity also has an important impact on soil erosion, the effect of land use and land cover change (LUCC) on soil erosion was evaluated through scenario construction. Firstly, the universal soil loss equation (USLE) model was used to evaluate the actual soil erosion (2001 and 2010). Secondly, two scenarios (scenario 1 and scenario 2) were constructed by assuming that the land cover and rainfall-runoff erosivity are fixed, respectively, and soil erosion under different scenarios was estimated. -
Songhua River Flood Management Sector Project
Resettlement Planning Document Resettlement Plan Document Stage: Final Project Number: 33437-01 January 2009 Zhaoyuan County Dike Subproject, Heilongjiang Province Under People’s Republic of China: Songhua River Flood Management Sector Project Prepared by Heilongjiang Provincial Water Conservancy and Hydropower Investigation, Design and Research Institute The resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Resettlement Plan for Zhaoyuan County Dike Subproject Approved by: Dai Chunsheng Liu Jiahai Examined and Reviewed by: Zhang Ming Person in charge: Liu Zhonghong Participator: Liu Zhong Hong Mu Qiuxin Lan Chaochen Bai Zhongyi Zhang Yanlong Yuan Guoqiang Zhao Zhihui Zhang Dechen Translated by: Zhang Dechen MAJOR ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank BH Bureau of Hydrology CNY Chinese Yuan (Renminbi) EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPB Environmental Protection Bureau EU Environmental Unit FMS Flood Management System GEF Global Environment Facility GIS Geographic Information System GIWP General Institute of Water Resources Design and Planning HQ Headquarters IRBM Integrated River Basin Management IEE Initial Environmental Evaluation MLR Ministry of Land and Resources MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOC Ministry of Construction MOF Ministry of Finance MoU Memorandum of Understanding MWR Ministry of Water Resources, PRC NIDRI Northeast Investigation, Design and Research Institute -
Effect of Control Strategies on Prevalence, Incidence and Re-Infection of Clonorchiasis in Endemic Areas of China
Effect of Control Strategies on Prevalence, Incidence and Re-infection of Clonorchiasis in Endemic Areas of China Min-Ho Choi1, Sue K. Park2,3, Zhimin Li4, Zhuo Ji4, Gui Yu5, Zheng Feng6, Longqi Xu6, Seung-Yull Cho7, Han-Jong Rim8, Soon-Hyung Lee1,8, Sung-Tae Hong1* 1 Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 2 Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 3 Institute of Health Policy Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 4 Heilongjiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang, China, 5 Zhaoyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang, China, 6 National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China, 7 Department of Molecular Parasitology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea, 8 Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Korea Abstract Background: A pilot clonorchiasis control project was implemented to evaluate the efficacies of various chemotherapy strategies on prevalence, incidence and re-infection in Heilongjiang Province, China. Methods and Findings: Seven intervention groups (14,139 residents, about 2000 in each group) in heavily or moderately endemic areas were subjected to repeated praziquantel administration from 2001 to 2004. In the selective chemotherapy groups, residents were examined for fecal eggs, and those who tested positive were treated with three doses of 25 mg/kg praziquantel at 5-hour-intervals in one day. However, all residents were treated in the mass chemotherapy groups. In heavily endemic areas, two mass treatments of all residents in 2001 and 2003 reduced the prevalence from 69.5% to 18.8%, while four annual mass treatments reduced the prevalence from 48.0% in 2001 to 8.4% in 2004. -
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115 -
Addition of Clopidogrel to Aspirin in 45 852 Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial
Articles Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45 852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group* Summary Background Despite improvements in the emergency treatment of myocardial infarction (MI), early mortality and Lancet 2005; 366: 1607–21 morbidity remain high. The antiplatelet agent clopidogrel adds to the benefit of aspirin in acute coronary See Comment page 1587 syndromes without ST-segment elevation, but its effects in patients with ST-elevation MI were unclear. *Collaborators and participating hospitals listed at end of paper Methods 45 852 patients admitted to 1250 hospitals within 24 h of suspected acute MI onset were randomly Correspondence to: allocated clopidogrel 75 mg daily (n=22 961) or matching placebo (n=22 891) in addition to aspirin 162 mg daily. Dr Zhengming Chen, Clinical Trial 93% had ST-segment elevation or bundle branch block, and 7% had ST-segment depression. Treatment was to Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Richard Doll continue until discharge or up to 4 weeks in hospital (mean 15 days in survivors) and 93% of patients completed Building, Old Road Campus, it. The two prespecified co-primary outcomes were: (1) the composite of death, reinfarction, or stroke; and Oxford OX3 7LF, UK (2) death from any cause during the scheduled treatment period. Comparisons were by intention to treat, and [email protected] used the log-rank method. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00222573. or Dr Lixin Jiang, Fuwai Hospital, Findings Allocation to clopidogrel produced a highly significant 9% (95% CI 3–14) proportional reduction in death, Beijing 100037, P R China [email protected] reinfarction, or stroke (2121 [9·2%] clopidogrel vs 2310 [10·1%] placebo; p=0·002), corresponding to nine (SE 3) fewer events per 1000 patients treated for about 2 weeks. -
Company Presentation
2018 Annual Results Company Presentation March 2019 CONTENTS 1. Operational Review 2. Financial Review 3. Development Strategies 4. Appendix Full Year Results in line with Guidance Core Profit up 19.8% to RMB4,471 million Retail Gas Sales Volume up 20.0% to 17.37bcm Newly Installed Designed Daily Capacity for C/I Customers 18.65mil m3 Developed 2.30mil Residential Customers 2 Growing Customer Base 2018 2017 Change New C/I Customers Development (site) 29,226 23,200 26.0% Accumulated C/I Customers (site) 121,105 91,879 31.8% Newly Installed Designed Daily Capacity for C/I Customers (‘000 m3) 18,652 16,718 11.6% Accumulated Installed Designed Daily Capacity for C/I Customers (‘000 m3) 106,553 87,901 21.2% New Residential Customers Development (‘000 household) 2,302 2,074 11.0% Accumulated Residential Customers (‘000 household) 18,523 16,221 14.2% New C/I Customers Breakdown New Residential Customers Breakdown (by installed capacity m3) (by household) 3 Strong Gas Sales Volume Growth Total Natural Gas Sales Volume Retail Gas Sales Volume Breakdown million m3 (million m3) 2018 2017 Change Commercial & Industrial 13,225 10,931 21.0% 23,328 Residential 2,885 2,148 34.3% 19,617 Vehicle Refuelling Stations 1,260 1,396 -9.7% C/I Gas Sales accounted for 76.1% 20.0% 2018 2017 4 Dollar Margin Analysis ASP & Gas Cost (RMB/m3) 2018 2017 Residential 2.67 2.66 1. The percentage of residential Commercial & Industrial 3.08 2.92 volume with lower DM increased Vehicle Refuelling Stations 3.95 3.54 2. -
CHINA GAS HOLDINGS LIMITED 中 國 燃 氣 控 股 有 限 公 司* (Incorporated in Bermuda with Limited Liability) (Stock Code: 384)
Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this announcement, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this announcement. CHINA GAS HOLDINGS LIMITED 中 國 燃 氣 控 股 有 限 公 司* (Incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (Stock Code: 384) INTERIM RESULTS FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2018 The board of directors (the ‘‘Board’’ or the ‘‘Directors’’) of China Gas Holdings Limited (the ‘‘Company’’) announces the condensed consolidated financial results of the Company and its subsidiaries (the ‘‘Group’’) for the six months ended 30 September 2018, together with the comparative figures for the six months ended 30 September 2017, as follows: CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME For the six months ended 30 September 2018 Six months ended 30 September 30 September 2018 2017 Notes HK$’000 HK$’000 (unaudited) (unaudited) Revenue 3 28,877,197 20,875,350 Cost of sales (22,377,321) (15,406,436) Gross profit 6,499,876 5,468,914 Other income 386,117 226,591 Other gains and losses 307,910 97,337 Selling and distribution costs (801,793) (691,961) Administrative expenses (920,331) (820,325) Share of results of associates 298,627 166,375 Share of results of joint ventures 457,540 594,017 6,227,946 5,040,948 Share-based payments (162,560) — Finance costs (539,100) -
Annual Report 2011
AnnualReport2011 135 2011 年度报告 AnnualReport 2 0 1 1 年 度 报 告 Directory MessagefromtheChairmanoftheBoard 136 Important Note138 SummaryofFinancialDataandBusiness Data139 Company Profile143 Changesinshare capital144 Top10shareholdersandtheir shareholdings145 Major shareholders146 InformationonDirectors,Supervisors,SeniorExecutivesand Employees147 LongjiangBankOrganization Structure153 IntroductiontoGeneralMeetingof Shareholders154 2011ReportonWorkofBoardofDirectorsofLongjiangBank Corporation155 2011ReportonWorkofBoardofSupervisorsofLongjiangBank Corporation160 FinancialStatementandAudit Report166 MemorabiliaofLongjiangBankin 2011267 ListofLongjiangBank Institutions269 MessagefromtheChairmanoftheBoard Theyear2011isthefirstyearofthe"12thFive-YearPlan"period,alsotheyearduringwhichChina's economyhasachievedastableandhealthydevelopmentinthesevereandcomplexinternationalenvi- 2 0 1 ronment.UnderthecorrectleadershipoftheCPCCentralCommitteeandStateCouncil,thewhole 1 A n n countryisguidedbythescientificdevelopment-topulleffortstogetherandovercomedifficulties, u a l R e andhasachieveagoodstartinthe"12thFive-YearPlan"period.Duringtheyear,theHeilongjiang p o r ProvincialPartyCommitteeandProvincialGovernmentfirmlygraspedthescientificdevelopment t theme,andeffectivelyprotectedandimprovedpeople'slivelihood.Theprovince'seconomicandsocial growthisaccelerated,structureisimproved,qualityisupgradedandpeople'slivelihoodisturningbet- ter. ThisyearisalsoofgreatsignificancetothedevelopmenthistoryoftheLongjiangBank.Withthe meticulousmanagementasthetheme,wehaveenhancedthemanagementlevel,andcontinuedtoad- -
Advance Publication by J-STAGE
Advance Publication by J-STAGE Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Poliovirus detection and genetic characteristic from sewage in Heilongjiang province from 2013 to 2016 Yujie Ma, Xiaoyu Wang, Xue Zhou, Po Lv, Han Wang, Jing Song, Changjiang Song, and Zhaodan Sun Received: July 27, 2017. Accepted: June 28, 2018 Published online: July 31, 2018 DOI:10.7883/yoken.JJID.2017.338 Advance Publication articles have been accepted by JJID but have not been copyedited or formatted for publication. Poliovirus detection and genetic characteristic from sewage in Heilongjiang province from 2013 to 2016 Yujie Ma*, Xiaoyu Wang, Xue Zhou, Po Lv, Han Wang, Jing Song, Changjiang Song, Zhaodan Sun, Expanded Program on Immunization, Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Corresponding author: Mailing address: Institute of Planned Immunity, Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 40 Youfang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China, 150030. Tel&Fax: +86-451-55153604, E-mail: [email protected] Key words: Poliovirus, Environmental Surveillance, VP1, Genetic Mutation Running Title: Poliovirus detection and genetic characteristic analysis Accepted Manuscript Summary: By monitoring sewage in Heilongjiang Province from 2013 to 2016, in this research we analyzed the epidemiological tendency and genetic mutation found in the poliovirus in the environment in order to setup a warning system for vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) and spread of wild poliovirus. In this study, we collected 139 sewage samples from eight regions in Heilongjiang Province. Poliovirus was identified from 72 samples and the positive rate was 51%. 263 strains of poliovirus were isolated, including 22 type1, 104 type2 and 137 type3 polioviruses. -
Public Private Partnership for Desertification Control in Inner Mongolia Zhongju Meng • Xiaohong Dang • Yong Gao
Zhongju Meng · Xiaohong Dang Yong Gao Public Private Partnership for Deserti cation Control in Inner Mongolia Public Private Partnership for Desertification Control in Inner Mongolia Zhongju Meng • Xiaohong Dang • Yong Gao Public Private Partnership for Desertification Control in Inner Mongolia Zhongju Meng Xiaohong Dang Desert Control Science and Engineering Desert Control Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot, Nei Mongol, China Hohhot, Nei Mongol, China Yong Gao Desert Control Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot, Nei Mongol, China ISBN 978-981-13-7498-2 ISBN 978-981-13-7499-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7499-9 © Science Press & Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. -
Nutrastar International Inc. (OTCQB:NUIN)
Nutrastar International Inc. (OTCQB:NUIN) Leading Producer and Supplier of Premium Branded Consumer Products Jan 2015 Safe Harbor Statement This presentation contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Any statements about the Company's expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and may be forward-looking. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that cannot be predicted, quantified or controlled and that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in, contemplated by, or underlying the forward-looking statements, including but not limited to fluctuations in customer demand, interruptions in the supply of raw materials, downturns in the Chinese economy, intensity of competition from other providers of the Company's products and services, general economic conditions, regulatory changes, and other information detailed in the "Risk Factors" section of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10−K for the year ended December 31, 2013 and the Company's subsequent SEC filings. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, andthe Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statementor statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. 2 Introduction • Nutrastar International Inc. (“Nutrastar” or the “Company”) was established in 2006 in Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang Province, with its production facilities in Zhaoyuan County in Northeast China • The Company is a leading producer and supplier of premium branded consumer products and one of the largest distributors of organic and specialty food products in Heilongjiang Province.