DOCSLIB.ORG

ENKIANTHUS Dendroflora Sectie Andro~Edina P Allbin Nr 34 - 1997 E

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ENKIANTHUS Dendroflora Sectie Andro~Edina P Allbin Nr 34 - 1997 E ENKIANTHUS Dendroflora Sectie Andro~edina P ALlBIN Nr 34 - 1997 E. nudipes (HONDA) ÛHWI E. subsessilis (MIQUEL) MAKINO E. subsessilis f. angusrifolius HATIA O.M. VAN GELDEREN Sectie Racemus T.Z. Hsu (Enkianthella PALIBIN) E. campanularus (MIQUEL) NICHOLSON var. campanularus Het geslacht Enkianrhus omvat volgens de thans "aangenomen" opvattingen 17 soorten. Het zijn E. campanularus var. longilobus (NAKAI) MAKINO doorgaans opgaande, goed vertakte struiken van 4-5 m hoog. Enkele soorten kunnen uitgroeien tot E. campanularus var. palibinii BEAN kleine bomen, maar dit komt zelden voor. Bijna alle Enkianrhus-species zijn bladverliezend. De E. campanularus var. rubicundus (MATSUMURA & NAKAI) MAKINO bladeren staan in kransen op korte zijscheuten bijeen. Op lange jonge scheuten zijn ze langer, meer E. chinensis FRANCHET gezaagd en niet in kransen gerangschikt, maar verspreid langs de twijg. De bladeren zijn ovaal­ E. deflexus (GRIFFITH) ScHNEIDER elliptisch, doorgaans fijn gezaagd en met een scherp toelopende bladtop. In de zomer is de bladkleur E. sikokianus (PALJBIN) ÛHWI gewoonlijk donkergroen tot paarsachtig groen; in de herfst zijn de bladeren vaak prachtig gekleurd. De bloemen omstreeks mei zijn klokvormig of kruikvormig, vijflobbig, meestal in hangende trosjes Sectie Meisteria NAKAI in diverse kleuren, van wit door geelroze naar bijna rood. De kelk is klein en onopvallend en er zijn E. cemuus (SIEBOLD & ZuccARINI) MAKINO 10 meeldraden. De doosvruchten zijn klein, rond en gaan in oktober-november open. De zaden zijn E. cemuus var. marsudae (KOMATSU) MAKINO bijzonder klein. E. cemuus var. rubens (MAXIMOWICZ) MAKINO Alle soorten zijn inheems in Japan, China en Himalaja. De meeste soorten zijn winterhard in Europa (zone 7), alleen enkele soorten uit de Himalaja en Zuidoost-China moeten worden beschut (zone Sectie Monanthus T.Z. Hsu 8/10). (De genoemde zones zijn de Europese winterhardheidszones). E. pauciflorus WILS. (in Gardener's Chr., Ser. 3, p.363, 1907) Voor zover bekend worden Enkianrhus-soorten niet gebruikt voor enig medisch of industrieel doel. De in Japan erkende formae zijn in de synopsis opgenomen. Voorts zijn er enkele cultivars die bij de desbetreffende species zullen worden genoemd. ' GRONDSOORT EN STANDPLAATS / Alle soorten van Enkianrhus moeten worden geplant op een venige of zandige, zure grond en worden SORTIMENT behandeld als Rhododendron. In het algemeen kunnen ze beter tegen droogte dan andere geslachten van de Ericaceae en ze groeien ook goed op een standplaats in de volle zon. Hieronder volgt de beschrijving van de species in alfabetische volgorde: Er zijn slechts weinig soorten en cultivars in de handel verkrijgbaar. Het zijn weliswaar allemaal zeer decoratieve planten, die vooral opvallen door hun mooie bloemen en hun fraaie herfstkleuren. Enkianthus campanulatus (MIQUEL) NICHOLSON- Japan (Honshu en Z.O.-Hokkaido) _Zone 6 _ zie kleurenfoto blz. 35 SYSTEMATIEK basioniem: Andromeda campanulara MIQUEL syn. Enkianrhus larijlorus CRAIB De geslachtsnaam Enkianrhus werd gegeven door de Portugese botanicus Joao de Loureiro. Enkianrhus pendulus CRAJB Aanleiding was de afsplitsing van het geslacht Andromeda, ooit door Linnaeus zo genoemd, toen er Enkianrhus recurvus CRAIB nog weinig soorten bekend waren. De vloed van Aziatische soorten leidde tot een rigoureuze Enkianthus recrus CRAIB opsplitsing in nieuwe geslachten, waarvan Enkianrhus er één was. Meisreria campanulara NAKAI In 1810 beschreef De Loureiro het geslacht Enkianrhus en verdeelde het in 4 secties, namelijk: sectie Triromodon campanularus (MIQUEL) MAEKAWA Enkianthus, sectie Andromedina, sectie Enkiantella en sectie Meisteria. GROEIWIJZE: bladverliezende, vrij steil-opgaande, sterk vertakte struik of soms kleine meerstamruige Enkianrhus betekent: vergrote bloem, dit wil zeggen dat de bloemen door een bandje worden boom, 4-5 m hoog, soms bijna even breed of breder. omsloten en zodoende een klokje of kruikje vormen. BLAD_EREN: rhombisch-elliptisch, 3-5 ~m lang, aan jong~ takken vaak groter, rand fijn gezaagd, kaal of Iets b~haard, donkergroen met lichtpaarse gloed, m de herfst geeloranje tot rood. BLOEMEN: m hange~_de trossen, kroon klokvormig, lichtcrème, later bleekroze tot roze, donkerder Synopsis van het geslacht Enkianthus LouR. gestreept, soms biJna ro??; kelk klein, 5-delig, elk met klein puntje; mei. VRUCHTEN: doosvrucht; vnJwel rond, 4-5 mm, vaak kleiner, donkerbruin; zaden zeer klein. Sectie Enkianthus D~ze soort wordt gewoonlijk door zaaien vermeerderd. De variatie in bloemkleur kan zeer groot E. calophyllus T.Z. Hsu ZIJn. Het is mogelijk, uitstekende vormen door zomerstek te vermeerderen. Tot nu toe bestaan er E. hirrinervus PANG F. slechts enkele benaamde cultivars van deze soort, hoewel er toch voldoende aanleiding toe is. E. perulatus (MIQUEL) SCHNEIDER Het IS ve~_reweg de beken~ste soort en deze wordt op vrij grote schaal gekweekt. Het is een E. perularus f. japonicus (HOOKER F.) KITAMURA gemakkeliJk~ p~ant op zand1ge veengrond en groeit goed in de volle zon. E. quinqueflorus DE LouREIRO C?arles Mar1es ~~troduceerde de soort in Groot-Brittannië voor de firma J.H. Veitch & Sons in 1880. E. ruber P. DoP (1930) N1c~olson class1ftceerde deze soort van het vroeger zo grote geslachtAndromeda als een species van E. serorinus CHIN & PANG Enkzanrhus, als geslacht beschreven door De Loureiro in 1810. E. serrulatus (WILLDENOW) SCHNEIDER Deze prachtige plant is vrijwel overal winterhard en de herfstkleuren zijn dikwijls spectaculair. De E. sichuanensis T.Z Hsu RHS verlee?de e~n Award of Merit in 1890 en een Award of Garden Merit in 1932. De Japanse E. raiwanianus YuNG volksnaam IS Funn tsutsuji. 24 25 Cultivars: Enkianthus campanulatos var. longilobus (NAKAI) MAKINO - Zone 7 basioniem: Enkianthus longilobus NAKAI 'ALBIFLORUS' Makino beschreef witte, in het wild voorkomende vormen als f. albiflorus. In cultuur zijn deze GROEIWIJZE: opgaande struik, ongeveer als die van de soort. vormen met witte bloemen doorgaans klonaal en dus niets anders dan een cultivar. De meeste BLADEREN: ongeveer als die van de soort. planten onder deze naam zijn niet eens echt wit, maar zeer lichtcrème of groenig. Craib beschreef BLOEMEN: iets groter en langer dan die van de soort, meestal roze met donkerder streepjes. deze "witte" vormen als een soort en wel als Enkianthus pallidiflorus. Deze naam is inmiddels Niet alle botanici aanvaarden deze variëteit als voldoende afwijkend. Planten in cultuur zijn meestal vervallen. van stek gekweekt en zijn op het oog toch verschillend. 'DoNARDENSrs' (Slieve Donard Nursery Co. Ltd, Newcastle, Noord-Ierland, circa 1955) Enkianthus campanulatos var. palibinii BEAN - Zone 7 Dit is een grootbloemige selectie uit zaailingen. De plant is nauwelijks verschillend van de doorsnee syn. Enkianthus ferrugineus CRAIB zaailing en is waarschijnlijk niet meer in cultuur. Enkianthus palibinii (BEAN) CRAIB 'HrRAETHLYN' (Bodnant Gardens, Wales, Groot-Brittannië, 1961) GROEIWIJZE: opgaande struik, ongeveer als die van de soort. Een selectie uit zaailingen met crèmewitte bloemen. Deze zijn opvallend gestreept met donkerrode BLADEREN: smaller dan die van de soort, op de middennerf behaard, rand donkerder. aderen. De plant is in Nederland niet aanwezig. BLOEMEN: rood of roodachtig, duidelijk kleiner dan die van de soort, in dichte trosjes. Deze variëteit is in Nederland in cultuur en wordt door zomerstek vermeerderd. Jonge planten 'RED BELLS' (Hillier Nurseries (Winchester) Ltd, Romsey, Hampshire, Groot-Brittannië, 1965) bloeien slecht. Dit is een gedrongen, opgaande, rijkbloeiende plant met roodgestreepte bloempjes. De plant werd Craib onderscheidde nog een andere soort, E. ferrugineus met roestbruine beharing aan de onder­ omstreeks 1965 geïntroduceerd, maar pas in 1991 opgenomen in Hillier' s Manual en is nu in zijde van het blad. Deze soort is nu in de var. palibinii opgenomen als synoniem. Nederland in cultuur. De soortaanduiding palibinii refereert aan de Russische botanicus Ivan V. Palibin, 1872-1949. 'RENOIR' (R. Nicholson, USA, vóór 1980) Enkianthus campanulatos var. rubicondus (MATSUMURA & NAKAI) MAKTNO - Zone 8 Een gedrongen plant met lichtgele en roze gestreepte bloemen. In Amerika is de plant verspreid en in syn. Enkianthus rubicundus MATSUMURA & NAKAI / cultuur. GROEIWIJZE: opgaande struik, min of meer als die van de soort. BLADEREN: groter dan die van de var. palibinii. 'SHOWY LANTERN' (E. Mezitt Sr, Weston Nurseries, Mass., USA, vóór 1990) BLOEMEN : vrijwel gelijk aan die van var. palibinii. Een cultivar met grote, kersrode bloemen. De plant wijkt niet af van de soort en is in Europa niet aanwezig. De var. rubicundus wordt vaak beschouwd als identiek met var. palibinii. In Japanse publicaties wordt deze opvatting verworpen en wordt dit taxon als een aparte variëteit behandeld. Beide 'ToKYo MASQUERADE' (Wayside Gardens, USA, 1995) variëteiten zijn prachtig afgebeeld in "Wildflowers of Japan". Middelgrote struik met dezelfde habitus als de soort, maar de plant groeit langzamer. Takken Enkianthus cernuus (SrEBOLD & ZuccARINI) MAKTNO - Japan (Centraal-Honshu) -Zone 8 donkerrood. Bladeren donkergroen met crèmewitte rand, in de herfst donkerrood met vergelende rand. Bloemen rozerood, gestreept, niet talrijk. basioniem: Meisteria cernua (1845) Deze import uit Japan werd door B. Yinger benaamd en voldoet het beste op een enigszins GROEIWIJZE: bladverliezende: opgaande, dicht vertakte struik met vele kleine zijscheutjes, 4-5 m beschaduwde plaats. Voor zover bekend is deze cultivar niet in Nederland aanwezig. hoog, meestal veel kleiner; takken kaal.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships in the Order Ericales S.L.: Analyses of Molecular Data from Five Genes from the Plastid and Mitochondrial Genomes1
    American Journal of Botany 89(4): 677±687. 2002. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ORDER ERICALES S.L.: ANALYSES OF MOLECULAR DATA FROM FIVE GENES FROM THE PLASTID AND MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES1 ARNE A. ANDERBERG,2,5 CATARINA RYDIN,3 AND MARI KAÈ LLERSJOÈ 4 2Department of Phanerogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden; 3Department of Systematic Botany, University of Stockholm, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; and 4Laboratory for Molecular Systematics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden Phylogenetic interrelationships in the enlarged order Ericales were investigated by jackknife analysis of a combination of DNA sequences from the plastid genes rbcL, ndhF, atpB, and the mitochondrial genes atp1 and matR. Several well-supported groups were identi®ed, but neither a combination of all gene sequences nor any one alone fully resolved the relationships between all major clades in Ericales. All investigated families except Theaceae were found to be monophyletic. Four families, Marcgraviaceae, Balsaminaceae, Pellicieraceae, and Tetrameristaceae form a monophyletic group that is the sister of the remaining families. On the next higher level, Fouquieriaceae and Polemoniaceae form a clade that is sister to the majority of families that form a group with eight supported clades between which the interrelationships are unresolved: Theaceae-Ternstroemioideae with Ficalhoa, Sladenia, and Pentaphylacaceae; Theaceae-Theoideae; Ebenaceae and Lissocarpaceae; Symplocaceae; Maesaceae, Theophrastaceae, Primulaceae, and Myrsinaceae; Styr- acaceae and Diapensiaceae; Lecythidaceae and Sapotaceae; Actinidiaceae, Roridulaceae, Sarraceniaceae, Clethraceae, Cyrillaceae, and Ericaceae. Key words: atpB; atp1; cladistics; DNA; Ericales; jackknife; matR; ndhF; phylogeny; rbcL. Understanding of phylogenetic relationships among angio- was available for them at the time, viz.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Birmingham How Deep Is the Conflict Between Molecular And
    University of Birmingham How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms? Coiro, Mario; Doyle, James A.; Hilton, Jason DOI: 10.1111/nph.15708 License: None: All rights reserved Document Version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (Harvard): Coiro, M, Doyle, JA & Hilton, J 2019, 'How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms?', New Phytologist, vol. 223, no. 1, pp. 83-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15708 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal Publisher Rights Statement: Checked for eligibility 14/01/2019 This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Coiro, M. , Doyle, J. A. and Hilton, J. (2019), How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms?. New Phytol. , which has been published in final form at doi:10.1111/nph.15708. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research.
    [Show full text]
  • Expected and Unexpected Evolution of Plant
    Hein and Knoop BMC Evolutionary Biology (2018) 18:85 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1203-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Expected and unexpected evolution of plant RNA editing factors CLB19, CRR28 and RARE1: retention of CLB19 despite a phylogenetically deep loss of its two known editing targets in Poaceae Anke Hein and Volker Knoop* Abstract Background: C-to-U RNA editing in mitochondria and chloroplasts and the nuclear-encoded, RNA-binding PPR proteins acting as editing factors present a wide field of co-evolution between the different genetic systems in a plant cell. Recent studies on chloroplast editing factors RARE1 and CRR28 addressing one or two chloroplast editing sites, respectively, found them strictly conserved among 65 flowering plants as long as one of their RNA editing targets remained present. Results: Extending the earlier sampling to 117 angiosperms with high-quality genome or transcriptome data, we find more evidence confirming previous conclusions but now also identify cases for expected evolutionary transition states such as retention of RARE1 despite loss of its editing target or the degeneration of CRR28 truncating its carboxyterminal DYW domain. The extended angiosperm set was now used to explore CLB19, an “E+”-type PPR editing factor targeting two chloroplast editing sites, rpoAeU200SF and clpPeU559HY, in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found CLB19 consistently conserved if one of the two targets was retained and three independent losses of CLB19 after elimination of both targets. The Ericales show independent regains of the ancestrally lost clpPeU559HY editing, further explaining why multiple-target editing factors are lost much more rarely than single target factors like RARE1.
    [Show full text]
  • Enkianthus Campanulatus ‘Showy Lantern’
    Enkianthus campanulatus ‘Showy Lantern’ Enkianthus in cultivation Th o m a s Cl a r k , Er i C hsu and ko E n Ca m E l b E k E provide an overview of the cultivated species and detail the cultivars n k i a n t h u s bring a welcome than fleshy berries, and whorl-like E. perulatus (syn. E. taiwanianus), subtlety to the spring garden. arrangement of toothed leaves and E. quinqueflorus, E. serotinus and ETheir small flowers and leaves branches, differentiate Enkianthus. E. serrulatus. Three are native to contrast with those of their more They are deciduous shrubs or small Japan: E. campanulatus, E. cernuus blousy ericaceous brethren such as trees and flowering occurs in early and E. perulatus. Rhododendron, and they demand less to late spring, April to June in the cultivation attention. The genus northern hemisphere. Taxonomic history contains 12–17 species, augmented The native range of the genus is The genus was established in 1790 by several worthwhile cultivars. east Asia, occupying a broad swathe by João de Loureiro (1717–1791), a from the eastern Himalayas to south- Portuguese Jesuit missionary, Genus characteristics east Asia, and north into China and palaeontologist, physician and The pendulous, umbel-like clusters Japan. China is host to seven species, botanist who resided in Cochinchina or racemes of campanulate flowers more than any other country, four of (now Vietnam) for 30 years. Taking resemble those of related genera which are endemic (Ruizheng & cues from the flowers, he created the such as Gaultheria and Vaccinium. Stevens 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • A Consensus Phylogenomic Approach Highlights Paleopolyploid and Rapid Radiation in the History of Ericales
    RESEARCH ARTICLE A consensus phylogenomic approach highlights paleopolyploid and rapid radiation in the history of Ericales Drew A. Larson1,4 , Joseph F. Walker2 , Oscar M. Vargas3 , and Stephen A. Smith1 Manuscript received 8 December 2019; revision accepted 12 February PREMISE: Large genomic data sets offer the promise of resolving historically recalcitrant 2020. species relationships. However, different methodologies can yield conflicting results, 1 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of especially when clades have experienced ancient, rapid diversification. Here, we analyzed Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA the ancient radiation of Ericales and explored sources of uncertainty related to species tree 2 Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, inference, conflicting gene tree signal, and the inferred placement of gene and genome CB2 1LR, UK duplications. 3 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA METHODS: We used a hierarchical clustering approach, with tree-based homology and 4Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) orthology detection, to generate six filtered phylogenomic matrices consisting of data Citation: Larson, D. A., J. F. Walker, O. M. Vargas, and S. A. Smith. from 97 transcriptomes and genomes. Support for species relationships was inferred 2020. A consensus phylogenomic approach highlights paleopolyploid from multiple lines of evidence including shared gene duplications, gene tree conflict, and rapid radiation
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals a Scattered Distribution of Autumn Colours
    Annals of Botany 103: 703–713, 2009 doi:10.1093/aob/mcn259, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org Phylogenetic analysis reveals a scattered distribution of autumn colours Marco Archetti* Department of Zoology, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK Received: 1 September 2008 Returned for revision: 24 October 2008 Accepted: 25 November 2008 Published electronically: 6 January 2009 † Background and Aims Leaf colour in autumn is rarely considered informative for taxonomy, but there is now growing interest in the evolution of autumn colours and different hypotheses are debated. Research efforts are hindered by the lack of basic information: the phylogenetic distribution of autumn colours. It is not known when and how autumn colours evolved. † Methods Data are reported on the autumn colours of 2368 tree species belonging to 400 genera of the temperate regions of the world, and an analysis is made of their phylogenetic relationships in order to reconstruct the evol- utionary origin of red and yellow in autumn leaves. † Key Results Red autumn colours are present in at least 290 species (70 genera), and evolved independently at least 25 times. Yellow is present independently from red in at least 378 species (97 genera) and evolved at least 28 times. † Conclusions The phylogenetic reconstruction suggests that autumn colours have been acquired and lost many times during evolution. This scattered distribution could be explained by hypotheses involving some kind of coevolutionary interaction or by hypotheses that rely on the need for photoprotection. Key words: Autumn colour, leaf colour, comparative analysis, coevolution, photoprotection, phylogenetic analysis. INTRODUCTION all year round and become visible during leaf senescence because of the degradation of chlorophyll (Biswal, 1995), antho- Autumn colours cyanins are actively produced in autumn (Sanger, 1971; Lee, The colour change of leaves in autumn is a spectacular 2002; Lee and Gould, 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • Chacón Et Al., 2017) As Well Distribution with a Standard Deviation of 7.5
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 06 April 2017 doi: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00026 Biogeographic Events Are Not Correlated with Diaspore Dispersal Modes in Boraginaceae Juliana Chacón 1*, Federico Luebert 1, 2 and Maximilian Weigend 1 1 Nees-Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Fachgruppe Biologie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany, 2 Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile Long-distance dispersal seems to be the main biogeographic event responsible for intriguing distribution patterns in plant groups in which sister taxa are separated by thousands of kilometers of distance across oceans and continents. The biotic and abiotic mechanisms behind such dispersal events are poorly understood and many attempts have been made to explain how plants can manage to disperse and survive these long journeys. The biogeographic history of Boraginaceae, a subcosmopolitan plant family with many disjunct clades, is here addressed and analyzed in the context of the different dispersal modes exhibited by the species. The lack of a clear pattern between the main dispersal events in Boraginaceae and the phylogenetic distribution of the dispersal modes indicates that no single dispersal mechanism can be associated with the events of dispersal in the family. Moreover, adaptations to different dispersal agents Edited by: and unassisted dispersal modes in some clades might have promoted the diversification Marco A. Molina-Montenegro, University of Talca, Chile of Boraginaceae in various habitats across several continents. Our study reveals that Reviewed by: long-distance dispersal is a very complex process that needs to be analyzed in the Katy Morgan, context of climatic and environmental changes and the response of plants and their University of New Orleans, USA dispersal vectors to these variable conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny, Historical Biogeography, and Diversification of Angiosperm
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 122 (2018) 59–79 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and diversification of angiosperm order T Ericales suggest ancient Neotropical and East Asian connections ⁎ Jeffrey P. Rosea, , Thomas J. Kleistb, Stefan D. Löfstrandc, Bryan T. Drewd, Jürg Schönenbergere, Kenneth J. Sytsmaa a Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA b Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305, USA c Department of Ecology, Environment and Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden d Department of Biology, University of Nebraska-Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA e Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, AT-1030, Vienna, Austria ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Inferring interfamilial relationships within the eudicot order Ericales has remained one of the more recalcitrant Ericaceae problems in angiosperm phylogenetics, likely due to a rapid, ancient radiation. As a result, no comprehensive Ericales time-calibrated tree or biogeographical analysis of the order has been published. Here, we elucidate phyloge- Long distance dispersal netic relationships within the order and then conduct time-dependent biogeographical and diversification Supermatrix analyses by using a taxon and locus-rich supermatrix approach on one-third of the extant species diversity
    [Show full text]
  • Miocene Carpological Floras of the Konin Region (Central Poland)
    Acta Palaeobotanica 57(1): 39–100, 2017 e-ISSN 2082-0259 DOI: 10.1515/acpa-2017-0007 ISSN 0001-6594 Miocene carpological floras of the Konin region (Central Poland) RAFAŁ KOWALSKI Polish Academy of Sciences Museum of the Earth in Warsaw, Al. Na Skarpie 27, 00-488 Warsaw, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Received 28 February 2017; accepted for publication 18 May 2017 ABSTRACT. Carbonaceous, three-dimensionally preserved macroscopic plant remains from the Lubstów, Gosławice and Pątnów brown coal open-pit mines are described and illustrated, providing a comprehensive elaboration of the middle Miocene carpological floras of the Konin region. The diaspores represent the follow- ing families: Pinaceae, Sciadopityaceae, Cupressaceae, Annonaceae, Cabombaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Araceae, Typhaceae, Cyperaceae, Vitaceae, Rosaceae, Rhamnaceae, Fagaceae, Myricaceae, Cornaceae, Nyssaceae, Sym- plocaceae, Ericaceae, Araliaceae, and Adoxaceae. Forty-two species were recognised or documented for the first time in the Konin region. Two genera, three species and three morphotypes are described as new taxa. Most of these plant remains represent azonal vegetation. Ericaceous bogs, pine bogs and mixed coniferous bogs, accompanied by Gyptostrobus swamp forests and various aquatic plant communities, are suggested as the most widespread vegetation types. Remains representing mesophytic, zonal vegetation, resembling extant ever- green broad-leaved and mixed mesophytic forests, are sparse. A Sciadopitys raised bog, a mixed coniferous bog subtype, was one of the important biomass sources forming the brown coal of the I-Middle Polish seam group. Other bog types recognised in Lubstów presumably also played a part in this process. Wildfire is suggested as an important factor controlling the Miocene vegetation of the Konin region.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Evolution of Asterids
    Asterids • continue survey through the eudicots or Diversity and Evolution tricolpates after completing Rosids • the Asterids are the second of the two of Asterids large groups of dicots and the easier one to define morphologically . dogwoods, blueberries, and primroses . rosid asterid Asterid Characteristics Asterid Characteristics • fused petals - sympetaly • iridoid compounds (with losses) • ‘basal asterids’ have them (previously not placed • stamen number < petal number with asterids) • stamens fused to corolla tube Rubiaceae Plantaginaceae coffee family snapdragon family Gardenia Picrorhiza kurroa 1 Asterid Characteristics Asterid Composition • one layer of integuments in ovule vs. two in other groups • composition of Asterids is largely congruent with previous morphology • the “unitegminae” (vs. bitegminae) of van Tieghem in 1901 = new Asterid group! bitegminae Asterid Composition Asterid Composition • exceptions include the ‘basal asterids’ • exceptions include the ‘basal asterids’ and separate petal or small flower orders and separate petal or small flower orders • some of these “non” sympetalous Asterids (e.g., order Cornales) have “early” petal ring primordia in Apiaceae - carrot family development • subsequent petal development is separate, so appear to be polypetalous! Aquifoliaceae - holly family Early ring primordia of 5 petals in snapdragon (a true asterid) [EMBO Journal (2003) 22: 1058–1066] 2 Basal Asterids Cornales • basal asterids represent a grade towards • order sister to remainder of Asterids, the core asterids comprises
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Japanese Enkianthus Species (Ericaceae)
    Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 38(1), pp. 11–17, February 22, 2012 The Phylogeny of Japanese Enkianthus species (Ericaceae) Chie Tsutsumi* and Yumiko Hirayama Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan * E-mail: [email protected] (Received 16 November 2011; accepted 28 December 2011) Abstract The genus Enkianthus consists of 12–17 species, most of which are distributed in China and Japan. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses for Enkianthus species of Japan, using nuclear ITS, chloroplast matK with trnK intron, and trnS-trnG spacer regions. The result suggested that Enkianthus was separated into two groups; i.e., sect. Enkianthus with umbellate inflorescences and a clade of sect. Andromedina, sect. Enkiantella and sect. Meisteria with race- mose inflorescences. It also inferred that the ancestral Enkianthus seems likely to be shrubs with tubular or urceolate corollas and 4–5-apertured pollen, whereas the more derived species may pos- sess campanulate corollas and 3-apertured pollen. Kew words : Enkianthus, ITS, matK, molecular phylogeny, trnSG. Introduction ture, inflorescences structure, corolla shape, and morphologies of anther, pollen and seed (Ander- The genus Enkianthus Lour. (Ericaceae) is a berg, 1994; Kron et al., 2002). Infrageneric rela- genus of shrubs or small trees and often used as tionships of Enkianthus were studied by Ander- ornamental plants in the gardens. The genus con- berg (1994), who proposed a classification sists of 12–17 species (Anderberg, 1994; Kron et comprising four sections. Sect. Enkianthus has al., 2002; Fang and Stevens, 2005). All of the more or less coriaceous leaves, tubular or urceo- species are distributed from the Himalayas to late flowers, umbellate inflorescences, 4–5-aper- Japan (Fang and Stevens, 2005) and most of tured pollen, glabrous pedicels and smooth them are in China and Japan.
    [Show full text]