Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals a Scattered Distribution of Autumn Colours
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Japanese Maples – Acer Spp
Japanese Maples – Acer spp. Known for their astounding variety in color, texture and habit, Japanese Maples are easygoing and adaptable and belong in every garden. If you already have one, think about adding another! for every site, a japanese maple! • Botanists count twenty-three species to include under the common heading of Japanese Maple. The largest group is Acer palmatum and its cultivars, followed by Acer japonicum. The numerous cultivars of Acer palmatum are further divided into seven groups which are mostly defined by leaf-shape. • In addition to variation in leaf-shape, Japanese Maples come in an array of sizes, growth habits, color ranges, and full sun to part shade preference. They add structure, contrast, texture, and beauty to any garden. • Carefully evaluate your chosen planting spot: Japanese maples require a slightly acid, sandy loam, with medium moisture and good drainage. Regular leafed varieties take full sun better than laceleaf types, but all Japanese Maples will be happy with at least some afternoon shade, since St. Louis summer sun is hot, strong and humid. • Remember that plants grow outwards as well as upwards and site appropriately. Take into account proximity to any buildings and any overhead limits. Some pruning is possible but should not be a necessary task. • The main requirement of a Japanese Maple is a uniform supply of water. They are not happy with very wet periods followed by long, dry periods or vice versa. Most will need supplemental water in the St. Louis summers. Japanese Maples in planters have this same need for consistency – be careful that they do not become waterlogged! prepare your site, plant your tree • Japanese Maples are easy to plant. -
Cunninghamia Date of Publication: February 2020 a Journal of Plant Ecology for Eastern Australia
Cunninghamia Date of Publication: February 2020 A journal of plant ecology for eastern Australia ISSN 0727- 9620 (print) • ISSN 2200 - 405X (Online) The Australian paintings of Marianne North, 1880–1881: landscapes ‘doomed shortly to disappear’ John Leslie Dowe Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Qld 4878 AUSTRALIA. [email protected] Abstract: The 80 paintings of Australian flora, fauna and landscapes by English artist Marianne North (1830-1890), completed during her travels in 1880–1881, provide a record of the Australian environment rarely presented by artists at that time. In the words of her mentor Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, director of Kew Gardens, North’s objective was to capture landscapes that were ‘doomed shortly to disappear before the axe and the forest fires, the plough and the flock, or the ever advancing settler or colonist’. In addition to her paintings, North wrote books recollecting her travels, in which she presented her observations and explained the relevance of her paintings, within the principles of a ‘Darwinian vision,’ and inevitable and rapid environmental change. By examining her paintings and writings together, North’s works provide a documented narrative of the state of the Australian environment in the late nineteenth- century, filtered through the themes of personal botanical discovery, colonial expansion and British imperialism. Cunninghamia (2020) 20: 001–033 doi: 10.7751/cunninghamia.2020.20.001 Cunninghamia: a journal of plant ecology for eastern Australia © 2020 Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/science/Scientific_publications/cunninghamia 2 Cunninghamia 20: 2020 John Dowe, Australian paintings of Marianne North, 1880–1881 Introduction The Marianne North Gallery in the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew houses 832 oil paintings which Marianne North (b. -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Anthocyanins in Berries of Maqui [Aristotelia Chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz]
Anthocyanins in Berries of Maqui [Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz] MARÍA TERESA ESCRIBANO-BAILÓN,1 CRISTINA ALCALDE-EON,1 ORLANDO MUÑOZ,2 JULIÁN C. RIVAS-GONZALO1* and CELESTINO SANTOS-BUELGA1 1 Laboratorio de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain 2 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago de Chile, Chile The anthocyanin composition of berries of Maqui [Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz] was determined by HPLC with photodiode array and MS detection. Eight pigments corresponding to the 3-glucosides, 3,5-diglucosides, 3-sambubiosides and 3- sambubioside-5-glucosides of delphinidin and cyanidin were identified, the principal anthocyanin being delphinidin 3- sambubioside-5-glucoside (34% of total anthocyanins). The average total anthocyanin content was 137.6 ± 0.4 mg/100 g of fresh fruit (211.9 ± 0.6 mg/100 g of dry fruit). The relative high anthocyanin content and the important presence of polar polyglycosylated derivatives makes the fruits of A. chilensis an interesting source of anthocyanin extracts for food and phar- maceutical uses. Keywords: Quantitative HPLC; anthocyanins, sambubiosides, delphinidin, cyanidin; berries; Aristotelia chilensis; Maqui. INTRODUCTION attention has been paid to polyphenols and especially the anthocyanins present in the berries, not only for Maqui [Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz] is a native their use as natural colorants, but also for their poten- South America evergreen shrub that grows in dense tial beneficial effects on human health, including thickets and can reach 3–5 m in height. It is a suggestions that they be used as dietary supplements dioecious plant that belongs to the family Elaeo- in functional food products (Du et al., 2004). -
Appendix 1: Maps and Plans Appendix184 Map 1: Conservation Categories for the Nominated Property
Appendix 1: Maps and Plans Appendix184 Map 1: Conservation Categories for the Nominated Property. Los Alerces National Park, Argentina 185 Map 2: Andean-North Patagonian Biosphere Reserve: Context for the Nominated Proprty. Los Alerces National Park, Argentina 186 Map 3: Vegetation of the Valdivian Ecoregion 187 Map 4: Vegetation Communities in Los Alerces National Park 188 Map 5: Strict Nature and Wildlife Reserve 189 Map 6: Usage Zoning, Los Alerces National Park 190 Map 7: Human Settlements and Infrastructure 191 Appendix 2: Species Lists Ap9n192 Appendix 2.1 List of Plant Species Recorded at PNLA 193 Appendix 2.2: List of Animal Species: Mammals 212 Appendix 2.3: List of Animal Species: Birds 214 Appendix 2.4: List of Animal Species: Reptiles 219 Appendix 2.5: List of Animal Species: Amphibians 220 Appendix 2.6: List of Animal Species: Fish 221 Appendix 2.7: List of Animal Species and Threat Status 222 Appendix 3: Law No. 19,292 Append228 Appendix 4: PNLA Management Plan Approval and Contents Appendi242 Appendix 5: Participative Process for Writing the Nomination Form Appendi252 Synthesis 252 Management Plan UpdateWorkshop 253 Annex A: Interview Guide 256 Annex B: Meetings and Interviews Held 257 Annex C: Self-Administered Survey 261 Annex D: ExternalWorkshop Participants 262 Annex E: Promotional Leaflet 264 Annex F: Interview Results Summary 267 Annex G: Survey Results Summary 272 Annex H: Esquel Declaration of Interest 274 Annex I: Trevelin Declaration of Interest 276 Annex J: Chubut Tourism Secretariat Declaration of Interest 278 -
Non-Native Trees and Large Shrubs for the Washington, D.C. Area
Green Spring Gardens 4603 Green Spring Rd ● Alexandria ● VA 22312 Phone: 703-642-5173 ● TTY: 703-803-3354 www.fairfaxcounty.gov/parks/greenspring NON - NATIVE TREES AND LARGE SHRUBS FOR THE WASHINGTON, D.C. AREA Non-native trees are some of the most beloved plants in the landscape due to their beauty. In addition, these trees are grown for the shade, screening, structure, and landscape benefits they provide. Deciduous trees, whose leaves die and fall off in the autumn, are valuable additions to landscapes because of their changing interest throughout the year. Evergreen trees are valued for their year-round beauty and shelter for wildlife. Evergreens are often grouped into two categories, broadleaf evergreens and conifers. Broadleaf evergreens have broad, flat leaves. They also may have showy flowers, such as Camellia oleifera (a large shrub), or colorful fruits, such as Nellie R. Stevens holly. Coniferous evergreens either have needle-like foliage, such as the lacebark pine, or scale-like foliage, such as the green giant arborvitae. Conifers do not have true flowers or fruits but bear cones. Though most conifers are evergreen, exceptions exist. Dawn redwood, for example, loses its needles each fall. The following are useful definitions: Cultivar (cv.) - a cultivated variety designated by single quotes, such as ‘Autumn Gold’. A variety (var.) or subspecies (subsp.), in contrast, is found in nature and is a subdivision of a species (a variety of Cedar of Lebanon is listed). Full Shade - the amount of light under a dense deciduous tree canopy or beneath evergreens. Full Sun - at least 6 hours of sun daily. -
Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1
Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1 Authors: Jiang, Wei, He, Hua-Jie, Lu, Lu, Burgess, Kevin S., Wang, Hong, et. al. Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 104(2) : 171-229 Published By: Missouri Botanical Garden Press URL: https://doi.org/10.3417/2019337 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Annals-of-the-Missouri-Botanical-Garden on 01 Apr 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS Volume 104 Annals Number 2 of the R 2019 Missouri Botanical Garden EVOLUTION OF ANGIOSPERM Wei Jiang,2,3,7 Hua-Jie He,4,7 Lu Lu,2,5 POLLEN. 7. NITROGEN-FIXING Kevin S. Burgess,6 Hong Wang,2* and 2,4 CLADE1 De-Zhu Li * ABSTRACT Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in root nodules is known in only 10 families, which are distributed among a clade of four orders and delimited as the nitrogen-fixing clade. -
Responses of Plant Communities to Grazing in the Southwestern United States Department of Agriculture United States Forest Service
Responses of Plant Communities to Grazing in the Southwestern United States Department of Agriculture United States Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Daniel G. Milchunas General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-169 April 2006 Milchunas, Daniel G. 2006. Responses of plant communities to grazing in the southwestern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-169. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 126 p. Abstract Grazing by wild and domestic mammals can have small to large effects on plant communities, depend- ing on characteristics of the particular community and of the type and intensity of grazing. The broad objective of this report was to extensively review literature on the effects of grazing on 25 plant commu- nities of the southwestern U.S. in terms of plant species composition, aboveground primary productiv- ity, and root and soil attributes. Livestock grazing management and grazing systems are assessed, as are effects of small and large native mammals and feral species, when data are available. Emphasis is placed on the evolutionary history of grazing and productivity of the particular communities as deter- minants of response. After reviewing available studies for each community type, we compare changes in species composition with grazing among community types. Comparisons are also made between southwestern communities with a relatively short history of grazing and communities of the adjacent Great Plains with a long evolutionary history of grazing. Evidence for grazing as a factor in shifts from grasslands to shrublands is considered. An appendix outlines a new community classification system, which is followed in describing grazing impacts in prior sections. -
News Quarterly
Heather News Quarterly Volume 34 Number 4 Issue #136 Fall 2011 North American Heather Society Your guess is as good as mine Donald Mackay........................1 Editing the heather garden Ella May T. Wulff............................6 In memoriam: Judith Wiksten Ella May T. Wulff....................18 My other favorite heathers Irene Henson...............................19 Erica carnea ‘Golden Starlet’ Pat Hoffman...............................24 Misleading advertising department...........................................27 Calendar........................................................................................28 Index 2011.....................................................................................28 North American Heather Society Membership Chair Ella May Wulff, Knolls Drive 2299 Wooded Philomath, OR 97370-5908 RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED issn 1041-6838 Heather News Quarterly, all rights reserved, is published quarterly by the North American Heather Society, a tax exempt organization. The purpose of The Society The Information Page is the: (1) advancement and study of the botanical genera Calluna, Cassiope, Daboecia, Erica, and Phyllodoce, commonly called heather, and related genera; (2) HOW TO GET THE Latest heather INFORMation dissemination of information on heather; and (3) promotion of fellowship among BROWSE NAHS website – www.northamericanheathersociety.org those interested in heather. READ Heather News Quarterly by NAHS CHS NEWS by CHS Heather Clippings by HERE NAHS Board of Directors (2010-2011) Heather Drift by VIHS Heather News by MCHS Heather Notes by NEHS Heather & Yon by OHS PRESIDENT ATTEND Society and Chapter meetings (See The Calendar on page 28) Karla Lortz, 502 E Haskell Hill Rd., Shelton, WA 98584-8429, USA 360-427-5318, [email protected] HOW TO GET PUBLISHED IN HEATHER NEWS QUARTERLY FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT CONTACT Stefani McRae-Dickey, Editor of Heather News Quarterly Don Jewett, 2655 Virginia Ct., Fortuna, CA 95540, USA [email protected] 541-929-7988. -
On the Origin of Hops: Genetic Variability, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Ecological Plasticity of Humulus (Cannabaceae)
ON THE ORIGIN OF HOPS: GENETIC VARIABILITY, PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS, AND ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF HUMULUS (CANNABACEAE) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN BOTANY MAY 2014 By Jeffrey R. Boutain DISSERTATION COMMITTEE: Will C. McClatchey, Chairperson Mark D. Merlin Sterling C. Keeley Clifford W. Morden Stacy Jørgensen Copyright © 2014 by Jeffrey R. Boutain ii This dissertation is dedicated to my family tree. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are a number of individuals to whom I am indebted in many customs. First and foremost, I thank my committee members for their contribution, patience, persistence, and motivation that helped me complete this dissertation. Specifically, thank you Dr. Will McClatchey for the opportunity to study in a botany program with you as my advisor and especially the encouragement to surf plant genomes. Also with great gratitude, thank you Dr. Sterling Keeley for the opportunity to work on much of this dissertation in your molecular phylogenetics and systematics lab. In addition, thank you Dr. Mark Merlin for numerous brainstorming sessions as well as your guidance and expert perspective on the Cannabaceae. Also, thank you Dr. Cliff Morden for the opportunity to work in your lab where the beginnings of this molecular research took place. Thank you Dr. Jianchu Xu for welcoming me into your lab group at the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the opportunity to study the Yunnan hop. In many ways, major contributions towards the completion of this dissertation have come from my family, and I thank you for your unconditional encouragement, love, and support. -
Eponímia Mèdica Catalana. Antoni Condal I Els Gèneres Condalia
Sense amnèsia Eponímia mèdica catalana. Antoni Condal i els gèneres Condalia Elena Guardiola, Josep-Eladi Baños Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut. Facultat de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona. Els epònims a Barcelona (Veneçuela). Les dures condicions ambientals “Gèneres Condalia. Gèneres botànics descrits pels botànics van afectar notablement la salut dels naturalistes i el ritme Hipólito Ruiz i José Antonio Pavón i, posteriorment, per dels seus treballs s’alentí. Van recórrer part de les mis- A. J. Cavanilles, qui batejaren diferents plantes amb aquest sions de Píritu, les ribes del riu Unare, Tocuyo, Puruey i nom en honor del metge i botànic català Antoni Condal1,2”. Clarines. A mitjan agost van tornar a Barcelona i es van desplaçar, aquest cop amb barca, fins a Cumanà, on van Antoni Condal, l’home arribar a finals d’agost. P. Löfling, ja amb la salut molt fe- ble, va quedar-se a Cumanà. Es disposa de poques dades sobre la vida d’Antoni Con- J. de Iturriaga prosseguia el seu camí cap a les fonts de dal. Se sap que era metge, de Barcelona, i que fou un dels l’Orinoco. La comissió es va dividir en dos grups. J. Sola- dos metges, ambdós catalans, que acompanyaren Pehr Lö- no encapçalava el que es va dirigir a l’illa Trinitat i, des fling, el deixeble de Linné, en la seva expedició a la Guaia- d’allà, cap a les fonts de l’Orinoco; viatjaven amb ell B. na (1754-56)3-6. L’altre metge fou Benet Paltor, a qui Ruiz i Paltor i J. -
Angiosperm Ovules: Diversity, Development, Evolution
Annals of Botany 107: 1465–1489, 2011 doi:10.1093/aob/mcr120, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org INVITED REVIEW: PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT Angiosperm ovules: diversity, development, evolution Peter K. Endress* Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland * E-mail [email protected] Received: 2 March 2011 Returned for revision: 29 March 2011 Accepted: 11 April 2011 Published electronically: 23 May 2011 † Background Ovules as developmental precursors of seeds are organs of central importance in angiosperm Downloaded from flowers and can be traced back in evolution to the earliest seed plants. Angiosperm ovules are diverse in their position in the ovary, nucellus thickness, number and thickness of integuments, degree and direction of curvature, and histological differentiations. There is a large body of literature on this diversity, and various views on its evolution have been proposed over the course of time. Most recently evo–devo studies have been concentrated on molecular developmental genetics in ovules of model plants. † Scope The present review provides a synthetic treatment of several aspects of the sporophytic part of ovule http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/ diversity, development and evolution, based on extensive research on the vast original literature and on experi- ence from my own comparative studies in a broad range of angiosperm clades. † Conclusions In angiosperms the presence of an outer integument appears to be instrumental for ovule curvature, as indicated from studies on ovule diversity through the major clades of angiosperms, molecular developmental genetics in model species, abnormal ovules in a broad range of angiosperms, and comparison with gymnosperms with curved ovules.