The NATIONAL ! HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

OCTOBER, 1946 The American Horticultural Society PRESENT ROLL OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS April, 1946 . . OFFICERS President, Dr. DaVid V. Lumsden, Silver Spring, Md. First Vice-President, Mr. Wilbur H. Youngman, Washington, D. C. Second Vice-President, Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss, Washington, D. C. Secretary, Miss Cahrlotte Elliott, Lanham, Md. Treasurer, Mr. J. Marion·Shull, Chevy Chase, Md. DIRECTORS Terms Erpiring 1947 T erms Er piring 1948 Mrs. Robert Fife, New York, N. Y. Mrs. Walter Douglas, Chauncey, N. Y. Mrs. Mortimer J . Fox, Peekskill, N. Y. Mrs. J. Norman Henry, Gladwyne, Pa. Mr. B. Y. Morrison, Takoma Park, Md. Mrs. Clement S. Houghton, Chestnut Hill, Mr. Kenyon Reynolds, Pasaden;i, Calif. Mass. Dr. Donald Wyman, Jamaica Plain, Mass. Dr. E. J. Kraus, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Arthur Hoyt Scott, Media, Pa. HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS Mr. George Lawrence, Pres., Dr. Ira N. Ga:brielson, Pres., American Begonia Society, American Rock Garden Society, 447 N. Hidalgo Ave., Investment Bldg., Alhambra, (;alif. Washington, D. C. Dr. H. Harold Hume, Pres., American Camellia Society, Mr. John Henny, Jr., Pres., University of Florida, American Rhododendron Society, Gainesville, Fla. Brooks, Oregon Mr. Thomas J. Newbill, Pres .• Dr. Charles Vernon Covell, Pres., American Delphinium Society, American Rose Society, 234 S. Brainard Ave., 1419 Broadway, La Grange, Illinois Oakland, Calif. Dr. Frederick L. Fagley, Pres., American Fern Society, Mr. Wm. T. Marshall, Pres. Emeritus, 287 F ourth Ave., Cactus & Succulent Society of America, New York 10, N. Y. 327 North Ave., 61 Mr. Jesse E. Wills, Pres., Los Angeles, Calif. American Iris Society, National Bldg., Mrs. Hollis Webster, Pres., Nashville. Tenn. Herb Society of America. Mr. George W. Peyton. Pres., 300 Massachusetts Ave., American Peony Society, Boston IS, Mass. Rapidan, Va. Mr. Robert W. Ewell, Pres., Mr. M. C. Lichtenwalter, Pres., American Primrose Soci ety. Midwest Horticultural Society 3275 S. E. Ankeny St., 5061 N. St. Louis Ave., Portland 15, Ore. Chicago 25, Ill.

SOCIETIES AFFILIATED WITH THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1946 Akron Garden Center, American Rose Society, 226 South Main St., Dr. R. C. Allen, Secy., Akron, Ohio Box 687, Harrisburg, Pa. Bonne Terre Garden Club, Arlington County Garden Club, Mrs. Robert Moran, Secy., Mrs. Lewis H. Weld, Pres., Bonne Terre, Mo. 6613 N. Washington Blvd., Bristow Garden Club, East Falls Church, Va. Mrs. R. L. J ones, Pres., American Begonia Society, Box 660, Bristow, Okla. Mr. Geo rge Lawrence, Pres., California Garden Clubs, Inc., 447 Hidalgo Ave., Mrs. J. A. Simmington, Alhambra, Calif. 870 Chida Vista Ave., Pasadena, Calif. American Fuchsia Society, California Horticultural Society, Headquarters: Calif. Acad. of Sciences, Miss Cora R. Brandt, Secretary, Golden Gate Park, 300 Montgomery St., San Francisco, Calif. San Francisco, Calif.

PubUcation Office. 82nd St. and Elm Ave., Baltimore, Md. Entered a. second-class matter January 27·. 1982, at the Post Office at Baltimore. Md .. under the Act of Aups' 24. 1912. Chestnut Hill Garden Club, Garden Cl ub of Stuart, Mrs. Bryan S. Perman, Treas., Miss Virginia Dawron, T reas., 41 Crafts 1<.1l., Stuart, Fla. Chestnut Hill, Mass. Georgetown Garden Club, Chevy Chase (D. c.) Garden Club, Mrs. Carroll Greenough, Pres., Mrs. Edward J . Mullins', Pres., 1408 31st St., N. W., 5315 28th St., Washington, D. C. Chevy Chase, D. C. Chicago Horticultural Society, Go ldthwaite Garden Club, U5 So. La Salle St., Mrs. Mary H . Winsor, Ohicago 3, Ill. Goldthwaite, Texas. Chico Horticultural Society, Greeley Garden Club, 1144 W. 3rd St., Mr. J . E. Looney, Chico, Calif. Ch. of Horticulture, Civic Garden Cl ub of Denver, Inc., Greeley, Colo. Mrs. Charles L. Bend, Pres., Hamilton Garden Club, 2272 Jasmine St., Mrs. L. D. Bratton, Pres., Denver 7, Colo. Hamilton, Texas Co lorado Federation of Garden CILl bs, Inc., Hawthorne Flower & Garden Club, Miss Effie Hext, Librarian, Mr. L. C. Zimmerman, 218 East 8th Ave., 7912 Cermak Rd. & 48th St., ' Denver 3, Colo. Chicago 23, Ill. Community Garden Club of Bethesda, Mrs. A. C. Ehlshlager, Pres., Home Garden Club of Denver, 13 A lb emarle St., Mrs. William P . Mellen, Pres., Washington 16. D. C. 4864 Tennyson St., Dallas Garden Club (Founders' Group), Denver, Colo. Mrs. Fred Luckha'ber, 1. B. M. Country Club, Maple Terrace, R.R. No.2, Johnson City, N. Y. Dallas 8, Texas Kendall Garden Club, Fauquier & LoudolJ Garden Club, Miss Edith 1V!. Edgerton, Secy.-Treas .. Mrs. Warren Snider, Pres., Rt. 3, Box 568, Leesburg, Va. Portland 6, Ore. Federated G.c. of Cincinnati and Vicini tv. Lake Forest Garden Club, 1v1 rs. VV. R. Grace, Sr., Pres., . Lake Forest, Ill. 7911 Hamilton Ave., Mt. Healthy 31, Ohio. Longmont Garden Club, Forest Hills Garden Club, Callahan House, Terry St., - Mrs. H. Norair, Pres., Longmont, Colo. 2936 Albemarle St., N. W., Hen's Garden Club of Phoenix, Washington, D. C. Mr. Maurice J . Bradford, Pres., Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati, Rt. 1, Box 826, Walnut ami Central Parkway, Phoenix, Ariz. Cincinnati 10, Ohio Michigan Horticultural Society, Garden Center of Greater Cleveland, Mr. Earl Bailey, Exec. Sec'y, East Boulevard at Euclid Ave., 2201 E. Jefferson Ave., Cleveland 6, Ohio Detroit 7, Mich. Garden Center Institute of Buffalo: Midwest Horticultural Society, 1500 Elmwood Ave., 100 North Central Park Blvd .. Buffalo 7, N. Y. Chicago 24. Illinois Garden Center, :--Iorthern Nut Growers Assn., Youngstown Public Library. Mr. Clarence A. Reed, Pres., Youngstown 3, Ohio 7309 Piney Branch Rd., N. 'V., Garden Cl ub of Alexandria, Washington 12, D. C. Mrs. Richard P . Williams, Pittsburgh Garden Center, Episcopal High School Schenley Park, Alexandria. Va. Pittsburgh 13, Pa. Garden Cl ub of Danville, Rock Garden Society of Ohio, Danville, Va. :Mrs. H. O. Wendal, Treas., Garden Club of Fairfax, 2811 Shaffer Ave., Mrs. Edward Howrey, Pres., . vVestwood, Cincinnati, Ohio Burke, Va. San Antonio Garden Center, Garden Club of Gloucester, Witte Museum, Mrs. N. S. Hopkins, Librarian. San Antonio, Texas Nuttall. Va. South County Garden Club of Rhode Islall(:!. Garden Club of Virginia, Mrs. Edmund C. Mayo, Treas .. Mrs. C. .Tames Andrew, Pres., R. F. D .. Saunderstown, R. 1. 929 Graydon Ave., State Agricultural Society, Norfolk 7, Va. P. O. Box 2036, Garden Club of :Morristown, Sacramento, Calif. Mrs. Warren Kinney, Takoma Horticultural Clull, Chairman of Hort., A. C. Barret, Pres., Lee's Hill Farm 4719 Brandywine St.. N. Vl .. Morristown, N. ]. \Vashingtoll, D. C.

(Col/til/lied 0 11 iI/side b o c /~ ( over ) The National Horticultural Magazine

Vol. 2S Oopyright, 1946, by THE AU])RI OAN HOW1"ICUUl"UR.AL SOCIETY No.4

OCTOBER, 1946

CONTENTS PAGE Thyme and Thyme Again. STEPHEN F. HAMBLIN -- ______33 1 Gardens an Important Cog in German Food Supply. WILBUR H. YOUNG- MAN ______336 A Maker of Books on Gardening, Charles de Sercy, Pirate and Pioneer. MARGERY F . WARNER ______~ ______344 Dahlias During the War Years. MORGAN 1. RILEY ______348 Bamboos in American Horticulture (V). ROBERT A. YOUNG ______352 Rhododendron Notes: Rhododendrons in the Pacific Northwest. HERBERT IHRIG ______365 University of Washington Rhododendron Show. IVbs. ARTHUR J. KRA USS ______372 Azaleas in 0 hio. W. N. LEIG HTY ______374 Loiseleuria procumbens. H. LINCOLN FOSTER ______376 Overwintering Dormant Seedlings. H. LINCOLN FOSTER.. ______376 Azalea, Hazel Da wson ______377 Azalea, Mai-hime ______378 Narcissus Notes: Daffodils in 1946, Dallas Texas. MRS. W . H . BEN NERS ______380 Daffodils in New Hampshire. MRS. G. H. CAUGHEY ______381 Postscript from the Tulsa Exhibit. ELEA NOR HILL ______382 Daffodils in Virginia. MRs. GRACE LEAR YOUNG ______382 Narcissus, Mary Copeland ______384 Lily Notes: The Protection of Lilies Against Damping' Off. VV'ILLIAlVI L. DORAN __ 385 Cactus and Succulents: My Stay-at-home Friends. W . TAYLOR MARSHALL ______387 Colle tia c1rucia t a. W . TAYLOR MARSHALL ______391 EpiphyUU1!J!1, cre!J1.atum . DR. E. C. ROOSE N-RuNGE.. ______392 Our Gar den. H. G. R us H .______395 Recreation Park, Long Beach, California. H. G. RUSH ______396 Succulents in Cincinnati. C. R. COLE ______399 /\ Book or Two ______. ______402 The Gardener's Pocketbook: Shrub Notes from Tennessee. R. S . STURTEVANT ______405 Elliottia mC e11l/,Osa . MARY G. HENRY______407 Two Blue Columbines. E. O. ORPET. ______. ___ 407 San vi talia. R UTI-I A. STEP HE NSO N ______.______407 Aralia. spinosa ______408 Chrysanthemums, Missouri. R. O. \i\T ORRELL. ______408 Index -- ______411

Publi~h e d quarterly by The American Horticultural Society. Publication office, 32nd St. and E lm A"e., Baltlm?re,. Md. Ed,tonal offi ce, Room 821, W ashington Loa n and Trust Building, Washington, n . O. OontTlbutlOns from ",II m ember s a re cordially invited and should be sent to the Editorial office. A . sub~cription to the magazine is included in the annual dues to all members; to non-members the prIce lS seventy-fi ve cents a COPY. three dollars a year. Robert L. Taylor [S ee page 378 ] Azalea M ai-hime Thyme and Thyme Again

STEPHEN F. HAMBLIN

One of tbe lll any interestilJg and puz­ but some species are not always ha rdy zling groups of garden plants is the in New England, particularly in soils gemls Thymus. Vve are not sure wheth­ somewhat wet. All species like dry Sl1n­ er they are wo ody or herbaceous plants, ny sites and thrive in pOOL' soil s evel1 but as the woody stems with evergreell in long SU11lm er droughts. A si mple classification is by habit of leaves persist through the win ter they growth: those like little erect trees can be co nsidered as low evergreen without basal runners, and those creep­ shrubs. Yet when the tops are killed in g in mat fo rmation. 0 f the erect type by winter the plants are per.e nnials. most C0111 mon is Common Thyme ( T . Rehder's Manual describes but few vulgaris), an erect little shrub to a species, but at least 35 species is a ioot, somewhat of the habit of Laven­ minimum estimate. Some 250 "spe­ eler . The twigs are wh itened, rather cies" names are li sted in the Index stiffly erect. T he leaves are very nar­ Kewensis, and perhaps 50 "species" row, opposite, held rather erect, dull and as many "varieties" are in Ameri­ green to grey green in color. In very can gardens. Of 600 total names in the cold climates, or under exposure to Index K ewensis more than haH are winter winds, many of the leaves are synonyms, and at least 170 names rder deciduous, and even the twigs may ki ll to Thymus se1 ' pyll~£m alone. back. The flo wers are rather small , There is no monograph on thi s ge­ lilac in color, in small interrupted !Jus, nor critical co mpari son of species spikes in J une-July. Thus the plant characters in any present book on bot­ look like a small Rosemary. Native to any. Dealers and ama' eurs have no southern Europe, it has been grown guide by which to identi fy species, and in gardens since th e beginning of gar­ endless unnamed 10rms appear from den ing, particularly as a flavor for self-sown seedlings in any collecti on. foo ds. Since it is a ti ny wiry tree it The names in dealers' catalogues may makes no new basal growths. Thus it mean very li ttle, and unnamed forms may be short-lived, and new plants a re are simply orphans. produced by layers or cuttings. For No plants are native to America, and uses as an herb there are such varieties the center ,of distribLfti on seems to be as N ARR O'vV LEAF FRENCH and BROAD­ in the mountains of eastern Europe, LEAl' E NGLIS H, w ith leaves more shiny with species native to Spain and North than of the type. Var. fmgantissnnus Africa and others in China. Frequent­ and variegatus are listeel, but seem not ly the unfam ili ar labels on new pl ants available. are but of a fo rm {)f the abundant T. Another very erect little shrub is serp'yllu,11'l,. In case of doubt co nsid er Zygis Thyme (T. zygis), like a minia­ that your " new" plant is but a form ture H eather to 6 inches. The leaves of this cOl11m on and variable species. are very ~ J11all , narrow, deep green, A few hybrids are known, and some with stro·ng Thyme odor. The flowers plants truly belong to related genera, are small , rosy purple, in small heads as Micro1'l1eria, Cala1'11il1tha , 01'igaNU11'l, in June. N ative to Spain and Portu­ Z'iziphora, etc. All species are theoreti­ gal, it is not truly hardy in sub-zero c ~ l1 y harel y ill regions of much frost, winters, but it is as barely as Laveneler. [3311 Oct., 1946 332 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE

Slender Z ygis Thyme (var. gracilis) margin. One of the most dwarf forms is very slender, the branches decum­ is White Mother-{)f-Thyme (var. al­ bent and often rooting. The leaves are b,us) , scarcely an inch high, the leaves small , very fleshy, deep green, in effect very pale green, hairy only on their of a dwarf green Lavender slightly edge. The pale green color holds all limp in habit. The fl owers are small, the year. In J une-July there are tiny white, . in loose whorls in June. The pure white fl owers in small whorls. plant has 'a definite turpentine odor. This plant is very aromatic and one Winter Thyme (T. hye111alis) is like of the best of the dwarf forms. Rarely to Common Thyme, a foot tall , very there are taller forms with white flow­ branched, the many narrow leaves pale ers, different from the dwarf variety. green with recurved edge. It looks PINK CHINTZ has the flowers both very like a small Rosemary, dyed pale pink and white in the same duster; green. The fl owers are palest pink, in late bloomer. narrow whorled spikes in June. N a­ The var. 71 ,~ica77.s is equally dwarf, tive to Spain, there is a limit to its with very narrow pale green leaves, hardiness in northern winters. It is shining green, with few fl owers, pa.le not strongly fragrant, and resembles a purple in color. The odor is of floor small plant of Hyssop. varnish. Perhaps it is a true species. Pepper Thyme (T. piperella) is a ANNIE HALL is also very dwarf, bright tiny erect fl eshy bush, with tiny ovate green in foliage, the fl owers pink. shining leaves of peppery mint odor. Taller, some 2-3 inches high when The fl owers are large, few, of deep in Hower, are such as var. car71'l,ineus pink color. The effect is as of a tiny (Carmine Mother - of- Thyme) with Savory. These are the li st of the tree­ smooth deep green fo liage, the fl owers like species known to be in gardens deep rose purple in late June; Scarlet in this country. Mother-of-Thyme (var. coccine'u.s) dif­ Mother-of-Thyme (T. serp'Ylhf7'/'L) is fers in fl owers deep scarlet ; Purple the usual creeping sort and endless are Mother-of -T hyme (va r. purp$treus) its forms. Some forms are but an inch has deep purple fl ow'ers, darker than or two tall and the other extr·eme is a usual; Rose Mother-of-Thyme (var wiry shrub nearly a foot high. It forms roseus) has small flowers of pale pink large mats in dry and stony soils, purple, early in June; Red Mother-of· creeping rapidly and seeding itself Thyme (var. rubeI') is pure crimson widely. As a species it is native Trom near spectrum red ; Firefly Mother-of· western Europe to E 7.s tern Asia. Geo­ Thyme (var. splendens) is a bright graphic varieties are listed by botany, rosy purple. Other color variations can and varied garden fo rms appear in be named. every garden. The leaves may be large Mountain Mother-of-Thyme (var. or small, clear green or gray dow ny: 7l1on tanus) is larger in every way than the flow ers white, purple or red, in the usual species, rising to 6 inches, small dusters {)r in several whorls; the leaves large, clear green, the pale and the date of bloom will vary from rose-purple fl owers in large heads. early J une to late summer. The onlv Roundleaf Mother - of - Thyme (va r. way to keep a plant true to or i g in ~ l 1/ 1(.7nm,u.la1'iu.s) has wid e roundec! form is by division of the matted leaves, a so rt of wiry Moneywort. Its clump. flo we rs have not been noted. Many forms have cl ear green fo li age. Lemon Mother-of-Thyme (var. v$£l­ without hairs, or hairy only on the leaf garis or var. citriodo7'US) is a tall wiry Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 333 type growing even to nearly a foot tall, green hairy. The pale rose-purple fl ow­ with rather woody stems, a bit like T. ers are in round heads early in June. vulgaris, but with many stems rather The odor is not strong and the plant is than one main trunk. The .oblong unlike the usual type in the many soft leave» are dark green, with strong lem­ green hairs. Lilac Mother-of-Thyme on odor. The flowers are rose-purple, (var . cinereus) is .softly downy, the in July, often not numerous. This is a flowers pale lilac. Var. carnosus is distinct variety and very popular; the very dwarf, the leaves dark shining pure lemon odor is the special charac­ green, but very green hairy when ter. There is a variety with the foliage young. The fl owers are pale pink-pur­ very pale yellow-green. ple in early June. Note that the young The variegated forms of this species seedlings ai-e very soft hairy. Many are usually rather tall sorts, though other s.eedlings are very hairy downy, temporary colorings of foliage may be but green in color. found in the dwader forms. Whiteleaf But some forms are not .only downy, Mother-of-Thyme (var. albo-lIJfLargi­ but gray downy - not green at all. natus) has the edges of the leaves pure :VI ost distinct is Woolly Mother-.of­ white. SILVER QUEEN (var. argel1- Thyme (var. lclJl1uginosus) , very flat teo-variegatus) is very tree-like to on the ground, very gray downy, red­ a foot, the small narrow pale green di sh in winter's cold. The flowers are leaves irregularly edged white, Dr near­ rare, bright rose-purple in early June. ly wholly white 0 11 some twigs. Rarely There is very little odor. It is a dis­ does it bloom, but its silvery color is tinct mat of woolly gray foliage. Var. very attractive. Silver Mother-of­ lanatus is similar, less compact and not Thyme (var. al'genteus) is another sil­ as gray, f.or the green color shows ver form, perhaps not different from somew hat. SILVER QUEEN. Whitespot Mother­ of-Thyme (var. variegatus) has whi te Downy Mother-of-Thyme (var. vil­ dots within the pale green of the losus) is also more loose in habit, very foliage. Golden Mother-of-Thyme gray in color, but less downy, in creep­ (var. a$weus) has its young twigs yel­ in g mat. Usually it blooms freely in low, and many of the smaller I·eaves June, soft rosy-pink just above the gray remain clear yellow, but turn in sum­ foiiage. mer to light green. This holds its col­ Some of the listed varieties are little or well in spring and autumn, giving a seen .or known, or else at times are not definite golden effect. The fl.owers are true to name. More notes are needed few, purple. This was formerly much on such as var. balticus, var. ericaefoli­ planted at the base of sundials, for t£S, var. kotschyi, var. latifolius, var. "Time is golden." l1W%i11'~us, var. 11'~ino~, var. ochrus, var. These silver and golden variations squarrosus, etc. Other plants often list­ may appear on parts .of any plan~s, to ed as vari eties are more properly true be separated and propagated by cut­ species, as var. cha111,aedrys is T. gla­ tings. Keep in fullest sun and give lit­ bel' ; V ar. britannicus is T. britannicus; tle plant food. A t times they will pro­ Var. marsclwllianus is T. l1wrschallian­ duce twigs of normal green foliage, us; etc. and these should be taken out at once. Very like to T . serpyllum are other With green foliage, but softly downy, species in en dless li st. First, those with there are several forms. Dainty Moth­ smooth green fo liage. British Thyme er-of-Thyme (var. pulchellus) is a low (T. britannic$ts) is a d wad creeper of grower, the small oval leaves ::oftl y hai ry green foliage. How it differs Oct.. 1946 334 T H E NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE from 1'. se1'P'J,llhmb only botany can say. R edstem Thyme (1'. Ci111ici l7 us) is a T . azoriCtbS is another creeper, shining ve ry slender wiry plant, the twigs defi­ green. Apparently it is only a form of ni tely red in color. The few leaves are 1'. se'rpyllw1t, and it is not as hardy as llarrow, no rmal green, with strong odor the type. T . pa1111017ic1i£S is quite erect, of some powerful disinfectant; or a ran­ but still in loose mat. The tiny oblong r id formic acid . It has the worst odor leaves are dark green, hairy only on of any T hyme. the edge. cl ose heads of pink-purple T. marschallianus has pale green fl owers appear in mid-June. It has the stems, rather coarse, upturned to 6 usual Thyme odor. Carpet Thyme (T. inches. T he leaves are an inch long, przewalslzii) is the form of T. se1'pyl­ pare green and quite downy. The fl ow­ lum, from eastern Asia, but '!s carcely (1\£­ ers are palest pink, very small, in long ferent from the European plant. T iny whorled spikes in June, li ke a dvva rf Thyme (T. caespitititbS) is a minute plant with ti ny narrow leaves foun d in Catnip. The odor is as of musty old wet moors in Spain and Portugal. Ap­ wood-very different from mos t spe­ parently it is hardy, but it likes not cies . Usually it is li sted as a fo rm of the long droughts of American sum­ T . serpylhillt. P ungent Thyme ( 1'. odoratissimus) is also very wiry in a mers. Conehead Thyme (T. capitatus) has tangled heap to 6 inches. The leaves narrow stiff leaves, but the fl owers are are narrow and long, soft green hairy. in close heads, bright lilac, like a small T he fl owers are purple in large c1u s­ clover. This is very distinct in fl ower ~e r s, like a robust state of T. ser pylllLJIl . form. Scandinavian Thyme (1'. glaber T he Thyme odor is very strong, but or 1'. chamaedr'Jls) is in dense thick pleasant. 1'. C01110S US is supposedly an­ mats with oblong deep green leaves, other fo rm of T. ser P'JJ/l1l 1Jl., in loose very smooth and shining. T he plant ta!1g1ed mat of downy green foliage. looks like some of the Australi an Ver­ T he fl owers are a soft pi nk in enor­ onicas. The fl owers are large, in large mo us oblong heads vvith colored bracts, oblong heads, li ght ros e in color, in ef­ li ke test-tube cleaners dyed pink, in fect of a pale Crim son Clover, in late July . T here is also a val'. haY llaldi, the J une at 4 inches height. It is a very fo rm most seen. In 'bloom it looks like showy species in fl ower and distinct in no T hyme, for the tubular plumes of its fo liage. It is very hardy. and a ro­ silken threads are of some strange clo­ bust grower, common in E urope. T. ':er. Vv'hen not in bl oo l11 it is another ja"/71we is sim ilar, but tall er (to 8 green downy Thyme. inches) , in large loose mat, the leaves T he species with gray-green fo liage large, oblong, dark green and smooth. a re several. \ 1\1 ooll ystem Thyme (T. The fl owers appear in late June in la'l'l ical.llis) is a stout plant in stem, in rounded heads of lilac c010r. The ulan! ~a l1 g 1 e d mat to 8 inches, all parts of is not unlike the usual 1'. s e rp 'ylht l ~l, the plant softly gray dow ny. The nar­ with a strong odor of fl oo r varnish. row leaves are covered with a gray Caraway T hyme (T. herba-baro l1 a) wool, the most wool-like of all species. is a slender prostrate plant, rather bare T he pale pink fl owers are quite large, of fo liage, in thin creepin g mat, the ill dense oblong heads in June, perhaps whole plant with strong and special too pale to show off well against so caraway fragrance. Native to Corsica Illuch gray fo li age. The odor is strong it is fully hardy and has heen wid C' lv (If camphor, unlike th at of any other planted. . species. Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 335

Sicily Thyme (T. nitidus) stands flowers appear in close flattened Ar­ quite erect as a dense shrub, but the meria-like heads, with large purple little oblong leaves are silvery, not bracts. There is a strong odor of cam­ hairy. It is like a minute erect silvery phor. This is another distinct Thyme, Yew with Thyme odor. Rosy-lilac from Spain. heads of flowers appear in July. Al­ Thus are portrayed samples of the though found in Sicily, it is quite hardy. varied forms taken by Thyme, from Hairy Thyme (T. hirs~£tus) is tuft­ tiny green or gray mat to tumbling tan­ ed erect, the leaves softly hairy. The gle of wiry stems or erect shrublets flower heads are pink. Native to the like an Australian Veronica. Vvhen region of Greece, the growth is like a botanical search can begin again in small Galium. T. cephalotes grows as Europe it will be possible to get seeds a dense dwarf shrublet to 6 inches. The of many species not yet tried in this little leaves are gray downy. Deep pink country. Gardens an Important Cog ln G~rman Food Supply

WILBUR H. YOUNGMAN

The food situation in Germany cur­ from the Sudetenland, the food situa­ rently focuses considerable attention tion is critical. upon the small gardener and his con­ Perhaps, it would be possible to in­ tribution to the food supply. Farm crease food production in the Zone by production seemingly has been expand: changing to more intensive crops, by ed to the limit. The same is believed increasing crop yields by making more to be true of the commercial truck fertilizer available, and by providing growers, but the food supplies still fall larger quantities of new seed potatoes. materially below the needs of the great­ Even with these changes it is doubtful ly increased population .of the U. S. if total production could be increased Zone. sufficiently to meet more than a part The Office of Military Government of the greatly increased requirements. and the German Civilian agencies are The same might be said of the com­ turning to the gardeners, urging that mercial truck growers of which there all who can have gardens. This is un­ are a considerable number in the U. S. necessary advice after the recent cut in Zone. Lack of fertilizers and labor rations which in April was down to have been reported as major reasons 1275 calories and have since reached a why their production is not being main­ new low of 1075. Several cities have tained at a high level. It is not known appointed official garden leaders to as­ to what extent suitable soils and equip­ sist the gardeners in obtaining land ment are available to permit expansion and to guide the inexperienced so that in this field of production. Certainly, their efforts may be productive. it is an important type; one of the most These moves are essential if the peo­ intensive, and it has been highly devel­ ple of Germany, particularly in the oped in Germany. U. S. Zone, are to pr·oduce the major I believe we ,can assume that the part of their food supply. The U. S. Nazis, in their efforts to make Ger­ Zone is not an important surplus pro­ many self-sufficient in food, did not ducing agricultural area. Bavaria does overlook many opportunities to in­ produce a small surplus but not enough crease the production of feed. On the to meet the needs of Gross Hessen and other hand, we may question the at­ W uerttemberg-Baden, the other two tention given to the growing of such states in the zone. Actually the farm­ crops as wheat, rye and barley which ers of the U. S. Zone are producing are better adapted to extensive farm­ about as many acres of food crops as ing areas where large scale methods of they can, but with the tremendous in­ production can be employed. crease in population, the food situation The third source of food, the private can never be easy in the U. S. Zone, garden, was also highly developed un­ wnich is better known for its scenery der the Nazi regime. They made con­ than for its grain crops. With the in­ siderable of the Kleingaertner, small flux of evacuees from the eastern Ger­ gardeners who leased land from the man States and 2y,i million expellees cities. They are well organized and [336] Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 337

Dwarf fruit t'rees p1'operly trained fu.1'nish f1'uit, shade, SC7'een and bO%11dary l1wrl~- ers.

Many g1'MtPS of d%pk"C - I houses, the f1'uit of the 1929- 1 30 dep1'essiQ1!t 11Itay be. seen, th.o1Jtgh not all Q.1'e as 1'1eat and substantial.

Rabbits, chickens, even goats and cows al'e l~ePt bv the S11Itall Settlers acco1,di;"'g to the size of the plot. In cities, rabb'its and chickens with vegetables and fruits supply much of the family food .

" U. S. Army Pi.ctm'ial Service. All VleWS a1'e f1'om F1'anllf~t1't, Ge1'many. 338 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946 are to be found in considerable num­ any other city in the U . S. Zone. They bers in each city. This group of gar­ have studied the demand and are con­ deners whose origin dates back to 1880 trolling the expansion of the city in when a German physician named line with their plans. Each group of Schraeder, recognizing the importance apartments is so placed as to be sur­ of healthful out-of-door exercise for rounded by or at least be accessible to the workers as well as the nutritional a group of Kleingaerten. They claim values of fre~h vegetables, organized from their experiences that only one the movement. It spread to the large family out of 4 can be interested in cities and was widely adopted as a civic gardening. However, this ratio has program. About 1936 the Nazis took been materially altered by the current over the then-called Schraedergarten food situation. associations, changed their name to Frankfurt, as well as all other cities Kleingaerten and made them a part of in the U. S. Zone, admits receiving the Nazi program. each day many requests for garden These small gardens are for the most space. Unfortunately, few of these part on city-owned property which is cities have been able to meet the de­ leased to them for a considerable peri­ mand. Frankfort may have been more od of years, sometimes on an inde­ suo:essful since they have modified terminate lease at low rates. The an­ their methods to meet the situation. In­ nual charge, in many cases, is as low stead of just one type of Kleingaerten, as 3 marks per 100 square meters. In those on indefinite leases, they now a few cities, or in the more desirable have three types. 1. The long time locations, rentals may run as high as 7 lease, land which is permanently set marks per 100 square meters. Thus aside by the city for such use. 2. Land the total cost for an average sized plot which will not be needed for a few of 300 sq. meters (3,229 sq. ft.) ranges years and so can be leased for 5 years. from 90c to $2.10 at the present rate 3. "Grabeland," land for emergency of exchange. use only from which the tenant may be The plots, usually numbering more removed on very short notice. Conse­ than 100 in a unit, vary in size from' quently he is not permitted to plant 150 to 700 square meters. The aver­ fruit trees, erect a shelter or to fence it age size is believed to be about 300 in. This studious approach to the gar­ square meters. Location, soil and size den program was not encountered in of family are supposed to be taken into any other city within the Zone. consideration in setting the size. How­ In spite of the large number of ever, the methodical German engineer Kleingaerten in Frankfurt and other wants everything done according to cities of the Zone, it is hardly wise to rule so he lays out an entire unit, sets assume that they will each support a the stakes and puts in the pipe lines family providing them with all of the for water without knowing anything vegetables needed for a year. Too many about the families who will be assigned of them are over-grown with fruit the plots. Hence individual require­ trees. It is not uncommon to see a 25- ments probably have little bearing upon year old apple tree, several of them the size. usually, spreading over the entire plot Frankfurt has probably gone further and effectively shading the ground be­ with the Kleingaerten than any other neath so that only the earliest of spring city. With over 50,000 plots within vegetable crops aan be grown. Of the city limits they are far ahead of course there are many plots in the Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 339

Kleingaerten where the dwarf fruit cases this will be at the expense ' of the trees are carefully espaliered to fences farm land taken for the settlement. or trellises. Even the gooseberries are However, this may not be a' net loss in commonly grafted to root stocks three food production, as gardens with ordi­ or fo ur feet above the ground, which nary good culture should produce more permits the growing of lettuce, onions calories of food per hectare than simi­ or other crops beneath them. Where lar areas devoted to wheat. this is done a generous supply of vege­ T here are -organizations of railway tables can be obtained from the aver­ employees parallel to these two groups. age sized plot. They are widely distributed, effective Similar to, but deveLoped for a differ­ gardening groups. It might easily b:e ent reaso n, are the Small Settler plots, assumed that they would have gone out subsistence homes we would call them. of existence during the war for their The German name is Kleinsiedler. gardens were along the railway right­ They are small plots of ground with of-way, the most bombed ground in simple but substantial houses which Germany. Even the housing settle-· were a product of the 1929-33 depres­ ments of the railway workers are often si{)n~ Usually on city-owned property, adjacent to the tracks, consequently the settler, while owning the house, they suffered severely and often. T o­ pays a nominal rental for the land. In day, the railway employees are garden­ Frankfurt the leases are f.or 40 years, ing just as feverishly as those whose while in Stuttgart the leases run for plots received less attention from al­ 99 years. lied bombers. The small settler plots range in size The third major group of gardens, from 300 square meters to 2 Yz acres those on private property to which we in size. This range is due in part to will refer as home gardens, is the larg­ location but more often to the keeping est in number. \ iV hile there are no sta­ of animals. Some settlers keep a cow tistics on their numbers today as com­ or goats. Others are satisfied with a pared to pre-war or during the war, it few chickens or rabbits. All are well is evident that every home owner with supplied with space for vegetables and a spot of ground is trying to grow fruit trees. some vegetables. Even the space be­ The houses in the Stuttgart settle­ tween the building and the sidewalk -ment were built by the settlers who .is spaded if there is enough soil and worked in teams under the leadership sunlight t o encourage plant growth. of a skilled worker. They were built It might well be assumed that the at an average cost of about $2,400. The backyards filled with rubble might houses visited in Frankfurt were built prove too discouraging to the few fami­ by the city, averaged higher in cost and lies still li ving in the wreckage. This were more pretentious. would be under-estimating the serious­ It is not expected that this type of ness of the food shortage. Gardens are garden program can be expanded to being cultivated under all manner of meet the present food shortage due to handicaps. Imagine planting a garden lack of building materials, although it on a spot that was, before a bomh ex­ may have to be expanded to meet the ploded, covered by your home. Yes, acute housing need brought on by the there are home gardens everywhere­ unwelcome evacuees and expellees. If everywhere that a few square feet of • thi s is done there will be a correspond­ ground can be found which are not too ing increase in gardens, but in most heavily shaded. As more:' rubble is 340 THE "NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946 ha:uled away there will be more gar­ preciable quantities for the new gar­ dens. deners or for those who lost theirs in Private property that is not in use air raids. Some have been able to get may be taken over by the City and as­ local blacksmiths to make things for signed to a gardener. Already the idle them from scrap steel, but even the lands about factories, the abandoned handy blacksmith has been limited in homes, park lands, etc., are being his endeavors by the shortage of coal checked to see if they can be used for for his forge. Rakes are being made of vegetable growing. This may seem wood in satisfactory quantities. like wasted effort. It is not, because Fertilizers for the gardener are not the thorough-going Nazis put the big available. The small supplies were al­ or obvious areas to work before the located to the commercial truck crop · war, hence much of the expansion in growers and to farmers. Germany has gardening today must

U. S. Army Picfo1·ial Sen1ice Frankf'llt1't, Germany. A well locked gate and a good high fence protect 'W~ost of the K leinga1'ten ul1its. Older ga1'de11s such as this a1'e often S11wthered by fn£it trees. Each plot has its tool house, S011tLe of which are improved to serve for te111,porary living quarters. Below. Well organized Small Gardens have shelte-rs, cold fl'ames , compost pit and pe1'11tLanent -water supply. Dwarf f1'uit tl'ees a1'e less ha1'11tLfu.l to vegeta.ble crops grown. be11eath them. 342 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

U. S. An·wv Pictorial Ser7,ice Fmn/?furt, Germany. Emergency gardens, "Gmbela1'ld," a1'e leased to gardene·ys for one year, may not have fruit t1'ees, shelters or fences. Plots vary in size fr0111/, 150 to 300 squa're 11'1.ete'rs, are on city owned la:nd, and rent fr01'l1/, three to five marks per 100 sqUa1'e 1'neters. To 111/,ee t the great de/nand for gardens it is proposed to se1:ze vaca11t private owned property and lease it to gardeners under similar ten'l'ls.

contend is fencing. Why? Fences are plus pieces of debris from wrecked needed to protect the gardens from buildings, are being fashioned into two-legged thieves. Fencing is a seri­ fences. Not very sightly, it is true, but ous need under present conditions to at least a partial protection for a fam­ protect the gardens from hungry peo­ ily's food supply. ple. There is considerable talk that the Rabbits, birds, arid in a few places. city government will invoke the curfew deer are serious pests of the small gar­ law as one way to stop thi:; theft. How­ dener. Not being allowed to have guns. ever, the gardener is not taking chances the gardener is handicapped in protect­ on slow acting civil governments. He ing his garden. No doubt, some of the is building fences from whatever ma­ more ingenjous will try trapping the terial he can lay his hands on. Much rabbits, hares as they are called in of the vast quantities of barbed wire Europe. Scarecrows, strips of rag, left behind the retreating German ar­ pieces of tin, even broken mirrors are mies is painfully being fashioned into hung up to scare the birds away. The fences. Split saplings, scrap lumber, deer will probably be scared away by Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 343

G.I. hunters and so wi ll not be a prob­ tities of the root crops will be stored in lem for the gardener who probably pits for next winter's use. Perhaps the needs the meat much more than do variety wi ll be lacking, but the home the hunters. gardener will have done his best to fill T he home canner of vegetables and the gap created by an influx of un­ fr uits is confronted with just as many wanted visitors and a supply problem shortages as the gardener. Glass jars, that the farmers could not meet. rubber jar rings, sealing wax as well as The . German gardeners are doing fuel for the processing have so far not their best to produce food-all of the been made available. Sugar for the food that they can for they know that canning of fruit is likewise unobtain­ the only sure way to eat is to grow it able. However, it is believed that the themselves. They are making a sub­ German housewife will kraut, dill, dry stantial contribution to Germany's food and otherwise preserve just as much supply - much more than you or I as possible. In .addition generous quan- realize. A Maker of Books on Gardening Charles de Sercy .. Pirate and Pioneer

MARGERY F. WARNER

One oOf the ·first ·of the 17th century " Instruction facile pour connoistre floricultural works to occupy me was to utes sortes d'orangers et citronniers," the "Nouveau traite pour la culture des also published by De Sercy in 1674 fleurs," an anonymous book published without an author's name, it proved to by Charles de Sercy, Paris, 1674. This be translated and somewhat adapted was generally credited to Pierre Morin, from Mandirola's third "book," en­ on the strength of Barbier, "Diction­ titled, "Della coltura e varieta delle naire des ouvrages anonymes" (3 :523), agrumi." which says the author's name is in the Moreover, when a copy of the " In­ privileg~. Haller, "Bibliotheca hota­ struction facile" was found with the nica" (1771, 1 :574), and some others royal privilege under which Charles considered the work striotly anony­ de Sercy issued both works, it did not mous, but many more recent author­ state that the "Nouveau traite" was ities, even so excellent a bi·bliographer by Morin; but a number of titles were as M. Georges Gibault of the French blanketed together in the same permis­ National Horticultural Society, fol­ sion, all without names of authors save lowed Barbier's attribution, and few the last, which was the "Remarques persons had occasion to challenge it. pour la culture des fleurs, par Ie Sr Mo­ The book was, however, a translation rin." There are a half dozen or more from the "Manuale de' giardinieri" of different books printed by De Sercy Fr. Agostino Mandirola, and the fact under this same privilege, which was had not escaped notice. A certain copy granted 12. May 1673, registered 14. of a later French version hy Andry May 1673, and printing completed, (1765) was found with manuscript in case of the " Instruction facile pour notes referring to the previous transla­ connoistre toutes sortes d'orangers et tion of Mandirola in 1674. From the citronniers," 12. Avril 1674. This in­ handwriting, these notes appear to have clusive privilege evidently baffled some been written in the late 18th century. readers. This may have been my first clew to the Charles de Sercy was then ,becoming origin of the "Nouveau traite," al­ definitely a producer of gardening though there were other things to indi­ books. I do not know when he began cate its connection with Mandirola. It printing ,books, oOr what he issued be­ i·s, in fact, a French rendering of the sides those on horticultural topics. The ,first two parts or "hooks" of the "Ma­ first I have fo und with his imprint is nuale de' giardinieri," giving the de­ the "Theatre des plans et jardinages" scription and culture of flowers, herbs (Paris, 1652) , of Claude Mollet. This and ornamental plants, to which is was not a new work, as it is supposed added under each species the properties to have been written between 1610 and of the plant, from Mandirola's fourth 1615, and its author had been dead "book" oOn the medicinal uses and vir­ some years, but it has 22 fine plates tues of plants. When I examined the signed ,by hi s three sons, Andre. [344] Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 345

Jacques, and Noel Mollet, and it is There must have been a good sale sOl1lething of a collector's item. This for the "N oveau traite pour la culture was a good beginning for a horticul­ des flew"s" and "Instruction facile tural publisher, but some years passed pour connoistre toutes sortes d'orangers before De Sercy's next venture, the et citronniers", as De Sercy printed 5 "Remarques necessaires pour la culture editions of the first and 3 of the latter. des fleurs" (Paris, 1658), of Pierre This was a literary hodgepodge, as he Morin, which was also important, be­ added to the work on citrus two ir­ cause it was the first general floricul­ relevant items: "Traite de la taille des tural work in French. It was followed arbres", and "Secret admirable pour by the "Instructions pour connoltre faire venir to utes sortes de plantes, les bons fruits" (1660) of Claude Saint­ arb res fruits, fleurs, & legumes d'une Etienne; the "Jardinier royal" (1661) prodigieuse grosseur", in which the re­ of Guillaume Cardinal; and the "Abre­ ceipt is scarcely longer than the title. ge des bons fruits" (1667) of Jean The British Museum, commenting on Merlet, all works of considerable merit. the attribution of the "Instruction fa­ Meanwhile, other printers of Paris cile" to Pierre Morin, concluded that and the provinces were issuing horti­ only these two appendixes were actual­ cultural books, nota·bly 8 or 10 edi­ ly by him; the fact is that both were tions of "La maniere de cultiver les either pure compilations by Charles de arbres fruitiers" of Le Gendre, and Sercy or some "editor" employed by twice as many 'of the "Jardinier fran­ him; or possibly bits of antiquated lore gois" of Nicolas de Bonnefons. To com­ found in manuscript or some old book, plete with these De Sercy reissued and used as padding for this volume . . earlier books, including two "inferi·or" In the following year appeared, also editions of Mollet, and sought new under the privilege of May 12, 1673, works to publish, as well as ways to the "Abrege pour les arb res nains et increase the sale of old ones. Among atltres" (Paris, 1675), by iT L. No­ the latter was addition .of extraneous taire de Laon". The notary, Jean Laur­ material, which was not always well ent, was a real person, and his own chosen. Perhaps his first venture of work was valuable, but the other con­ this kind was the edition of Morin's tents, on floriculture and melons, are "Remarques necessaires pour la cul­ apparently by another hand, and prob­ ture des fleurs" in 1667. In which he ably originated in De Sercy's printing inserted most. of the "J ardinage des shop. I do not know whether he adul­ ceillets" (Paris, Louis Boulanger, terated any reissues of his earlier books 1647). This book was probably even during this period, but he shortly pro­ then scarce, and its author was un­ duced one of his worst frauds, a "Traite known; so it was readily accepted as des tulipes" (Paris, 1678), which is an the work of Pierre Morin, although inaccurate and jumbled edition of the the latter must have been dead some "Floriste frangois" (Caen, E. Man­ years. The result was that Morin is geant, 1654), by Charles de la Chesnee more .often cited by botanists and gar­ Monstereul. About the same time, he deners f.or his (?) "Traite des ceillets" got out two issues of a "Traitte des than for his own work, although the orangers, citronniers, grenadiers et "Remarques" must have been widely oliviers" (1676, 1678), which I do not used, as it was reprinted down to 1704. know, but have reason to stlspect it is a with at least 14 editions. rehash of earlier wllri

A d~cade passed without striking garbled reprint of the "Floriste fran­ experiments. In 1688 De Sercy re­ (}ois": neither can I utterly condemn printed the "Traite de la jardinage" of anyone who gave to the world so much Boy-ceau de la Baraudiere .or Baraud­ horticultural literature that might oth­ erie, whi,ch was first published in 1638 erwise have been unknown. I believe (Paris, Michel Van.lochom), as a folio De Sercy got his start in publishing with 63 ·fine plates. It had been reissued the 'work of Pierre Morin, whom he (Paris, A. Courbe, 1640), but there may have exploited to an extent it is may have been room for a new edition, impossible to discuss here; but I doubt and De Ser-cy's folio (Paris, 1688) if the translations from Mandirola were gave the original text unchanged, al­ deliberate frauds, although the pub­ though it used only 43 of the 69 plates. lisher must have been delighted to have Apparently trading on the fame -of this ·them win favor through association hook, he published in the same year, with Morin. It should be remembered, also under the name · of Boyceau, a too, that reprinting works published "Traite du jardinage" (Paris, 1688) , by others was not necessarily unlawful. which is often confused with but is an Privileges granting exclusive rights for entirely different work from the folios the printing and sale of a book were of 1638 and 1688. It is in "pocket" granted for limited periods, and when size, has no plates, and its miscellaneous they expired, others might obtain per­ contents are of slight value. Jacques mission to print the book unless the Boy-ceau de la Barauderie died before f.onner publisher was prompt about his completing his great work, and while renewal. It gives me a bit of naughty it might have been possible for manu­ satisfaction to know that De Sercy him­ script notes of his to be printed m-ore self experienced this in case of M-orin's than 50 years leater, De Sercy's reputa­ "Remarques necessaire pour la culture tion makes this extremely doubtful. des fleurs", several editions of which This popular treatise can only be re­ were 'brought out by other printers garded as -one -of his most "impudent while he had no privilege covering the forgeries" . book. The late C. Harman Payne, who I -find about 60 of De .sercy's im­ gave me many data on De Serey's and prints in gardening literature, and there other floricultural publications, several must have been others. There are 28 of which are here used without special titles, comprising a dozen original acknowledgment, used to say that works, the rest being mostly fairly de­ Charles de Sercy was a g,ood deal of a cent reprints, with a few outrageous "pirate". The running down of pub­ pira.-cies. This total may seem small, lishers' frauds was one of Mr. Payne's but it includes by far the greatest pro­ major sports, and many are the errors -portion of the horticultural books pub­ he has discovered in this as in more lished in France during that half cen­ important areas of floricultural history. tury. On the ot,her hand, his output may He owned many De Ser,cy imprints, seem larger than it really was, because and investigated honest as well as fraud­ editions were small, and as labor was ulent otles~ But, while I do not condone ' relatively cheaper than paper and ink, the publisher's methods, whi,ch were books were often reset to keep them particularly flagrant in the case of Jean in stock. While much of his activity Laurent, the spurious work in the name was due to business enterprise, I be­ of Boy-ceau de la Baraudiere, and the lieve Charles de Sercy had an idea of Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 347 making hi s "garden library" as com­ the known varieties, their history and plete as possi,ble. His press naturally origin, and many notes on breeders and became an outlet for the literature of amateurs of the fl ower. I do not know the subject, and he published some whether it suffered any "editing" from good works. He kept most of his earlier the publisher, but he reissued it ver­ OOoks in print, and added editions of batim in 1698, and it was never pub­ several published by other printers. I n ished by anyone else, although it was 1676 he got out copies of both Le Gen­ widely quoted and translated, forming dre, "La maniere de cultiver les arb res t.he core ·of the ,carnation portion of fruitiers", and Vautier, "Instructions many other ,books. It is a pretty safe pour les arb res fruitiers" ; in 1679, the guess that a ·chapter on "nelken" or "J ardinier frangois" of Bonnefons; and "garofani" or "~i ll ets" in a late 17th in 1696, the "Nouceau traite de la or early 18th century fl oricultural bQok taille des arbres fruitiers" of Dahuron; is extraded from or based upon the and the anonymous "Connoissance et "N ouveau traite des ~i ll ets" of 1676. culture parfaite des belles fl eurs", Its merit is attested by a writer named which was reprinted with a slightly Goube, of Valenciennes, who nearly a changed title but identical text, from hundred years later wrote a book of the original work (Paris, L aurent the same title (Cambray, S. Berthoud, d'Houry, 1688). And it is my guess 1769), which has sometimes been con­ that the very inferior "Traite des fused with the earlier publication. M. tulipes" (1678) owned its existence Goube values the work of "L. C. B. less to De Sercy's wish to emulate La M." very highly, and often quotes it Chesnee's " Floriste fran~ois", than to as an authority, scrupulously citing his notion of a companion-piece to the title and page. "N ouveau traite des ~ illets " (1676). It was an age of compact gardening The first five books published by De manuals. The work of Olivier de Serres Sercy, between 1652 and 1667, all had at the beginning of the century, al­ some weight; but in the 30 odd years though many times reprinted, was fall­ of his subsequent career he produced ing into disuse, and that .of La Quin­ comparatively few new works of great tinie did not come till 1690. The little importance. 'Tart de tailler les arbres volumes of Merlet and Bonnefons and fruitiers" (Paris, 1683) , by Nicolas the rest were exceedingly convenient, Venette, was one ; and I suppose the and De Sercy ·capitalized this fact. "Nouveau traite de la culture des jar­ While I would not choose one of his dins potagers" (Paris, 1692), attribut­ copies of certain works in preference to ed to Garnier, "Jardinier du Roi it la those by .other printers, it is a fact that pepiniere", was another good treatise. he handled pretty nearly everything An outstanding publication of this mid­ the gardener might ask for. By hook dle period was the "Nouveau traite des or by crook, he managed to print nearly ~i ll e t s" (Paris, 1676), by "L. C. B. all the important French works on M." This was the principal compendi­ gardening in the second half of the um on the carnation of an age that spe­ 17th century. H e has had many suc­ t~a li :z;ed ill the development andexploi­ cessors, but by all rights Charles de tat-ion of that fl ower, and it contains Sercy was the pioneer horticultural !'I,1;ost .of the contemporary knowledge of publisher. its cultme -and habits, together with a This is to be remembered, however. ·comprehE;J;lsi,r.e list and description of Many of the gardening books prin ted Oct., 1946 3~8 THE );ATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE by :C e Sercy, cy el1 · those admittedly were published without their knowl­ o-en uine were issued without the auth- edge. b ' or's name or under cryptic initials, and I do not know huw Charles de Sercy a good many after the author's death. ranks as a typographer, and have no access to works on French printing. Some have been credited to more than To my knowledge he printed mostly one person, and one or two of the at­ handy volumes, and no fine ones with tributions are more than doubtful. possible exception of the landscape There were also many editions of some gardening books of Mollet and Boy­ books, with considerable variation ceau de la Barauderie, which I have among them. Whatever we owe to De not seen. He certainly did not issue any Sercy's enterprise, we should not over­ of the sumptuous illustrated flower look the fact that, in view of his known books of his time and country. My frauds, there is an element of uncer­ memory turns to rows of small volumes tainty about his publications. We can­ bound in serviceable calf, now darkened not, therefore, assess them solely on by age, which seem to have been made the basis of authorship, but must take for the use of gardeners. The type was them a good deal on their face value. usually small, and there were no ele­ Insofar as some of them have real gant formats, though the page was merit, it is easily recognized, and in sometimes attracti ve, and the typog­ many cases has won approval through raphy was usually fairly accurate. The many years of use. This merit is prob­ printer's mark used by Charles de ably due to the original manuscript, but Sercy during most of his career con­ in view of the "editing" that De Sercy sists, ironically, of two hands clasped was wont to supply, we cannot in fair­ over the initials "c. D. S.", surmount­ ness take the supposed authors too ed by a crown, illustrating his motto, severely to task for defects or errors "Lo bonne Foy couronne". in books that in many or most cases H endersonville, N. C.

Dahlias During the War Years

MORGAN 1. RILEY

War has changed everything about Does war permit new dahlias and and to do with dahlias-except soil and trial ground judging and shows and weather, the dahlias themselves and introducing new dahlias? In the two the desire to grow them. The Dahlia peace seasons 1937 and 1939 (1938 Society of Wisconsin summed war's re­ was the New England hurricane) striction: "Everything else must be dahlia enthusiasts submitted to Storrs, subordinated to an all out effort to Connecticut, ISS and 206 seedlings; in win this perilous life and death strug­ the two war seasons 1943 and 1944, 60 gle." In 1944 an Austinburg, Ohio, and 89; to East Lansing, Michigan, in grower wroce: "We have a large farm, the same years 1 SO and 92, then 57 one of us is draft age, and anyway food and 92. Thus in the two years of peace production has to come first." Next dahlia fans entered two seedlings to year he wrote: "Our son is in Italy. trial for everyone in the two war years. We are out of the dahlia business." In 1937 and 1938 growers offered Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 349 through the Bulletin. 109 and 88 and land, New Jersey, advertises : "We will in 1943 and in 1944, 37 and 45 new grow over 20 acres of soy beans." dahlias. Introductions underwent the Commercial dahlia growers found same drop, the same latest season re­ war allowed them to get gas if they covery, and the same two-to-one ratio grew vegetables, could get none if they as trial ground seedlings. grew flowers only. They grew vegeta­ In 1944 at the Maryland trial bles-and dahlias. grounds" due to the severe labor short­ In announcing its 1943 show the age in this area, the Committee has de­ American Dahlia Society throws out cided not to operate the Trial Gardens the hint: "Fertilizers will be permitted at College Park for the duration"; in for vegetable gardens-some of the val­ Cincinnati "some of the members are uable plant nutrients will reach your engaged in war work and had difficulty Dahlias," then trumpets: "Border your in finding time to view the Trials"; Victory Garden with Miniatures and and in Michigan "many had difficulty Poms. Grow Giant Dahlias between getting to East Lansing, as travel con­ the rows of pole beans, corn and toma­ ditions were very poor." Four out of toes." So this happens in New York: four offi·cial Trail Grounds in war test­ "Although as of yore he exhibited fine ed and judged new dahlias; the war Dahlias, it was observed that he hov­ closed four out of four unofficial ered with particular pride, like that of grounds. a setting hen, over his prize-winning "In keeping with the request that egg-plants, garnished with blue ribbon county fairs and kindred meets in this parsley and string beans." section be omitted this season, the West "Wi th both nitrogen and potash al­ Virginia Dahlia Society announces that located to the manufacturers of war its 1942 Dahlia Show will not be held." materials, we were going to have to In May, 1943, out of an Ohio dahlia depend on manure and cover crops." society comes: "It is with regret that Rototox advertises in the May, 1942, we inform our friends and Dahlia fans Bulletin: "No more Rototox is avail­ that the Ohio State Show will not be able." Tools. rubber hose - the old held in \i\Tellsville next September. Ow­ ones had to do. ing to the shortage of tires, men and When the exhibitors looked to see women working shifts and other things what classes they might show they unforeseen, it will have to be can­ found the schedule of the North East­ celled." But, the South Central Wis­ ern Pennsylvania Dahlia Society for consin Dahlia Society sought and got example "streamlined to meet the exi­ support: "In a recent poll of the So­ gencies of a war-time show," and peo­ ciety members relative to staging a ple far from New York City took note show this fall, the result was 100 per that "Air Shipment Class is omitted cent for a show." Of 42 shows report­ due to restrictions on Air Express." ed in 1937 and 17 in 1938, 1943 and Short of gas, the Ohio Valley Dahlia 1944 did not report or reported none. Association chose "a central, downtown Of the shows of peace, war closed over locaton, thus facilitating the problem of four out of ten. transportation. '" The Dahlia Society Looking forward in war's spring­ of Michigan solved the problem differ­ times what have been the prospects for ently: "For the amateurs, who may be usual-sized shows? In Janesville, Wis­ saving tires, we have arranged to pick consin "the major part of our land is up any flowers which can be brought in Victory Gardens." and in 1943 Vine- to a central loading point." New York 350 THE NATIONAL HORTICULT URAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

City grinned: " If the gasoline shortage show was well attended." \iVar cer­ continues through the Fall, many ex­ tainly did pull in one show's belt ; the hibitors will be obliged to bring blooms Peekskill Dahlia and Gladiolus So­ to New York on the trains," and bore ciety held their show among "kitchen it: "E. O 'Keefe, with the help of his cabinets and dining room furniture in family, carried large flower boxes on the home of Mr. and Mrs. F. C. Kunz­ the long train ride" to New York. hals. The judges were hard put to At Rochester "with so many who make decisions, as the fl owers were of are interested, working long hours dur­ exceptional quality." ing these war days, the Society decided The American Home Achievement again to choose a Sunday." And at Medal is each season's most earnestly Cleveland war's exigence overbore any contested award. Thirty-four were one fl ower's habits : "The show date awarded in the two years 1937-38, 23 was the earliest in years, owing to the in the two years 1943-44 - three in fact our society wanted to cooperate peace to two in war. with the garden clubs and Victory Gar­ At the Mid-West Conference show dens Harvest Festival, the first week in "Due to war restrictions several of the September." awards which previously consisted of War jolted the Virginia Dahlia So­ silver cups, etc., were replaced by items ciety: "Uncle Sam was taking over the made of non-critical materials such as ground which had been tl-ie scene of beautiful vases, etc." The National the annual fair for many years." In Capital Dahlia Society reports: "Our Bremerton, Washington, the show awards committee awarded $113 in "was held at U .S.O. headquarters." War Stamps, fertilizer, grass seed, and Members and fri ends of the North two trophies." Eastern Pennsylvania Dahlia Society In 1944 the Ohio Valley Dahlia As­ were "admitted only by the purchase of sociation reports "this the best show of any denomination of Defense Stamp the past four years. There were more or War Bond"; and the State of Dela­ entrants interested, mar e flDwers ware Dahlia Society reports "quite a shown, and a much greater attendance large amount raised for A rmy and than usual." Others did not so well, Navy relief." as the Baltimore Dahlia Society: North Eastern Pennsylvania Dahlia "While the show was not staged on Society observed how: " Due to gas re­ the large scale as has been our custom strictions our own membership was un­ we did live up to our reputation for able to transport as much stock as in showing the best in dahlias." former years." The Portland (Ore­ \iV ar has done these things to the gon) Dahlia Society lamented : "For new dahlias. Has the dahlia fan been many years thi ~ annual show has been able tD buy the older dahlias, the noted for its magnificent fl oor and wall st~ndbys ? Clarksburg, Indiana, pic­ displays by commercial growers. Due tures the growers' difficulties: "Our to lack of help and transportation diffi­ two sons have been in the armed serv­ cul ties and loss of many of our grow­ ice for two years, and other young men ers this feature of the show was miss­ who helped us have also done likewise. ing." War has certainly retarded our Dahlia At the \iVashington State Dahlia growing." The Portland (Oregon) Society show : "While the number of Dahlia Society "has planned to take entries Was far below other years, the eare of the lifting and storing of the blooms shown were excellent and the bulbs for members in the service." Oct., 194G THE NATIONAL HORTI CULTURAL MAGAZINE 351

Eleven growers tell me they grew 123',- The war kept members from meet­ 700 hills in 1937 and 1938, 97.970 in ings. The Ohio Valley Dahlia Asso­ 1943 and 1944. Those who raised vege­ ciation describes in 1943 how "Many tables were six out of the twelve in Dahlia fans are too busy with war ef­ 1937; they became eleven out of the fort to get out to every Dahlia dub twelve in 1943. meeting." From the Mid-West Dahlia Then, if they had raised dahlias- Conference comes : " Mr. Swartz 1110st continued-when they came to thought it ,advisable to postpone the getting out a catalog war took much meeting:" The Portland (Oregon) or all of their paper. Little Si lver, New Dahlia Society informs its members: Jersey, met the situation: "Owing to "The August meeting will be combined the acute shortage of paper, we are with the annual picnic as gas shortage reducing the size of our 1944 List to prevents making a trip to outside the lowest point possible." Some mime­ points"; the Puget Sound Dahlia So­ ographed where before they had prillt­ ciety judges: "a meeting every month ed; some superprinted the current sea­ impossible so now we intend to have son's date on last season's catalog; a meeting about every three months" ; some put out no catalog, like J anes­ and one correspondent writes: " The ville, Wisconsin : "We are at War - Englewood Dahlia Society has been there is more important use for paper disbanded for the duration. The Treas­ than in a Dahlia Catalog. You get no urer is deceased, the secretary is some­ catalog this year." where over seas." But for all his difficulties, hurdles, N ow we can estimate how much war reptrictions, the dahlia growers' re­ reduced dahlia activities. 1943 and sponse to war was like yours, like mine 1944 compares with 1937 and 1938 -as in Olympia, Washington's: "De­ in percentage as follows: fense stamps accepted up to $3.00" ; by Per cent Geneva, Ohio's: "We have pledged N umber of hills ______79 ourself to give free Defense Stamps Pages of Bulletin ______68 with all purchases made after FeD. 1, Achievement Medals ______68 1943," who later writes: " I am not Shows ______60 selling any dahlias for the duration. N umber of Societies ______58 I am working with an aircraft plant" ; Introductions ______52 and by Baldwin, Long Island's: "Giv­ N umber of Trial Grounds 50 ing 10% of the purchase price in De­ Trial Ground seedlings ___ 49 fense Stamps." Advertisers in Bulletin ______38 The war has settled even dahlias' names. In 1940 it was Kentucky The top figure is too high. None of Sweetheart and Yellow Glory, Autumn those commercial growers replying to Rose and Eventide, actually Progress. my questionnaire grew no dahlias 111 But 1943 saw The Blitzkrieg and Pearl 1943 and 1944; some in these war Harbor; saw Wake Island and Kiska, years we know grew none. The aver­ Commando and The Ranger, WAAC age of the above per cents is 58. So and 'Naves and Wings. Stalin and taking reckoning of those that grew Winston Churchill. General \;\Tavell none we are probably not far wrong and Lidice. In 1945 it's D-Day, Mos­ when we say war constricted dahlia ac­ cow, Flying Fortress. Radar, V -Day tivity to half. and curiously. General John J. Persh- War has all owed dahlias to scrape 111g. through with the best scrape they 352 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct:, 1946 could. But, in all parts of these United reflecting that few hours are more rest­ States the hearts of these dahlia peo­ ful and peaceful than those spent in ple-people of the people-spoke in one's garden. In these days of suffer­ wartime; I have woven their saying ing and strife, things of beauty restore together: hope and confidence and faith in hu­ "One cannot merely eat, sleep, and manity ; we who have gardens can do work long hours in defense work. In much to bring good cheer and hope to the limited time allotted to us recrea­ the hearts of our troubled neighbors tion is essential to physical and mental and friends by sharing with them the health if we are to contribute our best beauty of our gardens. Flowers are to the war effort. I sit in the garden more needed in these troubled times scanning our streamlined dahlia patch than ever before."

Bamboos in American Horticulture (V)

ROBERT A . YOUNG1

In this concluding contribution in tion, Mayaguez, P uerto Rico, shown the series2 on bamboos in American on page 353. A clump at the Canal horticulture, 9 species in 5 additional Zone Experiment Gardens, at Summit, genera of the tropical clump-forming is at present about 30 feet high and type of bamboos are considered. It has understood to be increasing. In India, seemed convenient here to take up the where it is native, C. pergmcile is re­ genera and species in alphabetical ported to make beautiful clumps of 40 order. feet or more in height with culm inter­ nodes as much as 18 inches in length The Genus Cephalostachywm. and with diameters of 3 inches near Since bamboos, like other fl owering the base of culms. The branches are plants, are classified on the basis of exceedingly slender but bear relatively characters in the inflorescence, and large fascicles of twigs with leaves. The there appear to be no important cor­ leaves are fairly large-up to 10 inches responding vegetative characters in the long and from % to 1;4 inches wide. genus Cephalostachyum, no discussion Information is lacking as to the adapt­ of generic characters will" 'be attempted abi lity of the 'culms for particular uses. here. Only one named species of the genus is being considered at this time. The Ge1nts D e 'll droca la1l'l. t~s C ephalostachyum pe1'g1'acile Munro. The genus Dendrocalamus is very This species is erect growing, as shown close to Bambusa and appears to be in the photograph of a 34-foot-tall scarcely separable except on fruit char­ clump at the Federal Experiment Sta- acters. The branching habits in the two genera are not essentially different, 'U. S . D epartment of Agricu lture, Agricultura l Research Administration, BU1-eau of Plant Indus­ nor are the culm sheaths or leaves try, Soils, and A~ricultural Engineering, Division of P lant ExploratIOn and Introduction. found to differ in general in any defin­ ·Natl. H ort. Mag. 24 :1 71· 196, July 1945; 24:274. able or characteristic way. The species 291, Oct. 1945; 25:40·64, J a il . 1946; 25:257·283 Tu lv 1946. ,. • that have been introduced into the Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 353

, i, """. t', I j -' If r I .. :\ '

, I '/I ' I

Fede1'al b.-.:p e·riment Station in P. R. A clump of Cephalostach'yu1'11, pergracile with culms 34 feet tall, at the Federal EXpe1'i11'l.e11t Station in Pue1't()l Rico at lVI ayagu.ez.

United States thus far grow to giant in the country and has been offered by size in their native habitats. The spe­ a few nurserymen. This and the other cies are D. aspe1' (Schultes) Backer, two species mentioned will be discussed D. 1'ne'l'nbranQ.c eL£S Munro, and D. briefly below in the order named. D . strictlls Nees. D . str1ctbls has long been g£ganteus probably also is growing at 354 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946 t~e U. S. Plant Introduction Garden, are quite variable, sometimes very large. Coconut Grove, Fla.; in the Canal Lengths of 5-18 inches and widths of Zone; at Mayaguez, Puerto Rico; and y,;: -3 inches are reported in Java; and on the island of Oahu, Hawaiian Is­ from Algiers, lengths of 8-10 inches lands, but it has not as yet been pos­ and widths of 1 Yz -2 inches. This bam­ sible to check with certainty the iden­ boo was redescribed under the name tity of the plants believed to be of that Bal'll.bllsa mac1'ocul11'Lis by A. Riviere, species. The semi-hardy bamboo long from Algiers, in 1879, and a maximum known in southern California and height of over 80 feet (25 meters) was southern Florida as D. latiflo1'us was recorded there. The identity of B. reidentified as Sinocala11'LUS oldlmmi macrocul111,is with D. asper was recog­ (Munro) McClure (Ba11'tb '~£sa oldhami nized several years ago by Dr. F. A. Munro) several years ago by Dr. F. A. McClure, when he compared a plant of McClure. The bamboo originally de­ B. 11w,croculmis sent to the U. S. De­ scribed as D. latifiorus (now S1:nocala­ partment of Agriculture by Dr. Rene m,us latifiorus) is a distinctly different Maire of the University of Algiers, species and has not yet been success­ with authentic material of D . aspe1' ob­ fully introduced into this cDuntry. tained from the Surinam Department Dendrocala1'nus asper (Schultes) of Agriculture. Backer is a giant bamboo originally de­ Some clumps of Dend1 ' ocala,,;:!~ as­ scribed from Java as Ba11'Lbusa aspe'ra , pel' at the Plant Introduction Garden, later transferred to the genus Giganto­ Coconut Grove, Florida, were making chloa, and finally to Dendrocalamus. excellent progress and had reached There has been some uncertainty as to heights approaching sixty feet when the validity Df publication of the com­ the hurricane of late October, 1945, bination D. aspe1' but it appears to have struck that locality. They were sub­ better basis than any available alterna­ merged sufficiently long by salt water tive name. A view of two splendid to be almost completely destroyed. A clumps nearly 60 feet high at the Fed­ few shoots have recently appeared, eral Experiment Station, Mayaguez, however, and it is hoped that one or Puerto Rico, is shown on page 355. more of the clumps will be regenerated. It will be noted that though many of The species has been established also the culms are inclined outward, yet at the Canal Zone Experiment Gar­ they remain remarkably straight. The dens, Summit, but has not attained species is reported to grow to heights great height as yet. As to cold resist­ of about 100 feet in Java. with culm ance, it was reported to have endured diameters up to 8 inches; the culm many degrees of frost at Algiers, but walls are not very thick. scarcely y,;: its hardiness has not been put to a inch in the largest culms. The lower real test in this country. culm sheaths are very short for their I have found no reference in the lit­ width. narrowing abruptly to a narrow erature to special uses of the culms of apex, with a long, or high, fimbriate D. aspe1' but presumably they are ligule ; they are stiffly coriaceous and adapted for at least some of the pur­ densely cov·ered on the outside with poses for which the culms of other giant appressed stiff brown hairs; they usual­ bamboo are use e!. The very young ly dry to dark or pale brown. The shoots, dug before they emerge from blade is small, lanceolate, reflexed. and the ground, are reported to be eaten rolled inward on the edges; auricles in Java (Ochse. J. J. Vegetables of are rudimentary or lacking. The leaves the Dutch East Indies (English ed.), Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORT1CULTURAL MAGAZINE 355

View of two clumps of De'nd1'ocala11'bUS asper, abo~tt 60 feet high, at the F edeml E%pe1'i1111e14t Sta, t1: 011 ~ Mayaguez, Puerto R'ico. It 'l1J'ill be noted that the CUh14S in general are Ve1"jl straright. p. 310, 1931). Another scientific syno­ nent and frequently is consJ)icuously nym of D. aspe'J' is D. fia,gellife1', The margined with cilia, or bristles. The Malay name is "bamboo betoong," leaves are generally small but are quite Dend1'ocala114us 111e1nbranaceus Mun­ variable among the different forms ro, native in Burma and eastern India, grown from seed obtained from Dehra is a giant bamboo reported to attain Dun, India; originally described as heights of about 75 fe.et, with slender only 4-5 inches long and Ya-0 inch culms-the diameters up to only about wide, they were later reported some­ 4 inches. A very open clump is formed, times to reach 10 inches in length and as is evident in the view of a clump at ~ inch ill width. Among clumps from the Federal Experiment Station in four different seedling origins grown Puerto Rico, shown on page 3.56. The at the Subtropical Experiment Station, culm sheaths have the general form Homestead, Fla., some years ago, the and appearance of those of D. st1'ictus maximum length of leaf ranged from except that the blade is distinctly nar­ 4 to 6 inches and the maximum width rower than the apex of the sheath prop­ from f8 to 0 inch. At Matheson Ham­ er and the ligule (at apex of sheath, mock, in the Dade County Parks, in inside of blade) is much more promi- southern Florida, D, ·l1l/.emb1'aneceus Oct:, 1946 356 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE

F ederal E :-.:p e1'iJ.nent Station in P. R. View of a clU1np of Dendrocala.111,US me11'l.branacellS, show illg th e open habit of growth, at the Federal Experi111.ent Statioll in PlI erto Rico.

has reached 35 feet in height, while at The culms are not of very large diam­ Mayaguez, . Puerto Rico, culms have eter for their height but they are ex­ grown to 43 feet, with a diameter of ceedingly thick walled, and in some 21;2 inches. It is now established also of the numerous forms they are nearly in the Canal Zone. or quite solid; the wood is very dense. Dendrocalamus strictus Nees is one The culm sheaths are more or less of the best known and most valuable densely brown or blackish hairy, or of the giant Indian bamboos. A clump bristly, gradually or abruptly narrow­ photographed on the Henry Nehrling ing toward the apex, usually pliable but place at Gotha, Fla., in 1909, is shown occasionally ' somewhat rigid, and with on page 357. The species is said to a narrow, inseparable blade of the same reach heights up to 100 feet or more width at its base as the apex of the in the Old World Tropics, though 60 sheath. The primary branch at each feet is the tallest I have seen reported node of the culm frequently is much as yet in the Western Hemisphere. larger than any of the 3 to 6 smaller Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 357

P" H. iJorsett A I clump of Dend1'Ocala11'l..us strictus photographed at the home of the late Henry N ehrhng, Gotha, Fla ., in 1909. odes," and the number of leaves on a In size of adult leaves there is also branch or twig is, as usual, quite varia­ great variation, though the average is ble- from 5 to 7, 6 to 10, or 7 to 13. rather small ; the smaller ranges on a Oct., 1946 358 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL ).iIAGAZINE twiu are about 2-5 inches long and The Gen~~s Giga-ntochloa Ys -% inch wide and the largest, 3-10 The genus Gigantochloa comprises inches long and % -1 0. inches wide. 25 or more species of bamboo of vari­ D. strictus has about the same cold ous sizes, native in southeastern Asia, the East Indies and the Philippine Is­ resistance as B amb'usa t~£lda ) being seriously injured, if not killed, at tem­ lands. Only two have been introduced peratures below 27 ° Fahr. In Florida into the United States or its tropical it is better adapted in general, there­ American possessions and established. fore, to the more nearly frost-free areas in so far as I know. of the lower Peninsula. It is under­ Giga'l1tochloa apus (Roem. & Schult.) stood to be much the most coimmon, Kurz ex lVl unro, the "bamboo apoos:' and probably the best. of at least three or "bamboo tali," of the Dutch East different species of bamboo i\l1ported Indies, is considered one of the most in pre-war years into the United States useful of the bamboos in Java for build­ from India under the trade na.tlle· "Cal­ ing purposes and is widely cultivated cutta" cane, or bamboo, ' u s~cl I~ rgely there. It grows to heights of 35 to 65 for surf and deep-sea f:i.:sh ing: The im­ feet. according to J. J. Ochse (previ­ ported poles usually are characterized ously mentioned). The culm sheath and its blade are at first more or less by brownish to black di scolorations. covered with appres ed brown hairs. resulting from the practice in India those on the blade bring very caducous, of heating the frequently zigzag or and the inside of th~ blade is prickly­ crooked culms over a charcoal fire. as hairy, especially in the center and near a necessary preliminary to straighten- the base. The sheaths are without auri­ ing. It is, of course, only the cOl1lpara- cles and as a whole are quite variable tively small culms, obtained from youl1~ in details of form, the shoulders being clumps or those so managed that they rounded or obtuse and the blades tri­ do not produce many larger culms, thaI angular to triangular-ovate, rarely con­ are of suitable size for fishing poles. A stnicted at the base; the base of the system of culture that will yield the de.= ~..?blade. about one-third the width of sired sizes must therefore be fgllowed. . the apex of the sheath, is continued Studies of methods of culture, presum- laterally as a very narrow strip (dark ably with this as a consideration, were brown and conspicuous when dry) to carried on at the Forest Research 1n- the edges of the sheath apex; the sheath stitute, Dehra Dun, U. P .. India, a proper is rather stiff and dries to a number of years ago, and the results dull straw color; the apex is quite detailed in an extensive bulletin (Deo- broad and more or less strongly arched gun, P. N. Silviculture and Manage- toward the middle; the ligule is short ment of Dendrocala·mus strictus. In- and finely notched. The leaves, dark dian Forest Records, vol. 11 , no. 4. 173 green above and lighter beneath, are p. 1937-now out of print). Before very large, 4- to 18 inches long by 0 the merits of Tonkin bamboo (Ar-wn- to 3 inches in width. and are unequal­ dinaria amabilis) , from southern China, sided at the base. Ochse states that had become well known and a supply the tali bamboo is planted from the became available, "Calcutta cane" held plains up to high in the mountains, al­ first place in the esteem of rod makers so that it requires a fertile clayey soil. as a material for split-bamboo fishing with abundant moisture. The shoots rods. are said to be virtually inedible. Oct., 1946 THE i-J ATIONAL HORTICU LTURAL .\lAGAZINE 359

D. C. /If/hite, Fedeml Expe1·im ellt Station ill. P . R .

A young clwJI/'l.p of G-igantochloa opus, 4yea1'S from the planting of a stU1'1I~P , at th e Federa l Experim ent Sta.tion in Pu,erto R-iro.

Small plants of the tali bamboo were Fairchild and the late P . H . Dorsett. obtained from the Surinam Department with the Allison V. Armour Expedi­ of Agriculture by the U. S. Depart­ tion of 1931-32. The original record ment of Agriculture through Dr. David concerning these plants (under P . I. 360 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

No. 99573) gave the scientific name as The Genus Guadua Gigantochloa verticillata, and the dis­ Guadua is almost exclusively a crepancy has .only recently been no­ tropical American genus, somewhat ticed. The plants appear to agree well closely allied to Bambusa. It is a rather in character with the published descrip­ large and diverse genus and, as we tion of G. apus and are distinctly differ­ shall be concerned here almost entirely ent from an earlier introduction of G. with a single species, the generic char­ verticillata (under P. 1. No. 79568), from Sumatra. G. apus is now estab­ acters will not be discussed. lished at the Federal Experiment Sta­ Guadua angustifolia Kunth, a giant tion in Puerto Rico, at Mayaguez, and tropical American bamboo, is native in at the U. S. Plant Introduction Gar­ many lowland areas from Colombia to den, Coconut Grove, Fla. At Maya­ Paraguay. It is a beautiful but very guez it has attained a height of 53 feet, thorny species, the lower branches be­ with culm diameters up to 3 inches at ing fairly long and armed with 2 or 3 breast height. A photograph of a very sharp and hard thorns, or spines, young clump at that place, four years at every node. Higher on the culm the from the planting of a large stump, is thorns are reduced and finally disap­ shown on 'page 359. pear in the upper branches. A view of G igant 0 c hl 0 a verticillata (Willd.) a clump that grew for a number of Munro, a tall slender-culmed bamboo years at the former U. S. Plant Intro­ of the East Indies, is reported to grow duction Garden near Brooksville, Flori­ to heights of 80 feet or more, with culm da, is shown on page 361. The inter­ diameters not much exceedi·ng 4 inches. nodes of the culm are rather short. The The lower culm sheaths are strongly culm sheaths are long triangular, nar­ triangular, coriaceous, covered at first rowing at the apex to a very small with short appressed, more or less ca­ bl;l.de that does not separate from it ; ducous, stiff brown hairs, and drying the sheath is covered with short, erect, to a straw coLor; the ligule is short and and very prickly brown hairs, which slightly obtuse; at the narrow apex of easily rub off. The leaves are 4-6 on a the sheath is a pair of small, projecting, branch or twig, with lengths of 20 -10 rounded auricles and a short, Ian ceo­ inches and widths of 5/ 16-1 inch. late to linear-lanceolate blade, slightly G. angustifol1'a, suffers frost injury cordate at the base and l/a-Y2 the width at temperatures below 27° or 26° Fahr. of the sheath apex. The leaves are and at 2 or 3 degrees lower is killed to rather large, 8-12 inches long and Ys - the ground. The clump illustrated was 1 % inches wide. The species was in­ killed "root and branch" early in 1928 troduced from the Sibolangit' Botanic in an exceptionally severe freeze, when Garden, in Sumatra;" hy the U . S. De­ the temperature fell to 17° F. and re­ partment .of Agriculture, through Dr. mained near or below freezing for 2 or David Fairchild and P. H. Dorsett, 3 days. The original plant was one of a with the i.P{llison V. Armour Expedi­ number grown from seed received from tion .of 1925-26. It is established (un­ Paraguay by the U. S. Department of der P. 1. No. 79568) at the Coconut Agriculture in 1915. No culms much Grove Plant Introduction Garden taller than 40 feet were produced dur­ 1 l where it has exceeded 45 feet in heiO"ht'b , ing the life of the clump, because of and also at the Canal Zone Experiment occasional frost injury andp~rhaps also Gardens. The Malay name is "bamboo the comparative shalIowBess (jf the sur­ and·ong." face suil in which the plant: s "'w~re grow- Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 361

Dr. David Fairchild View of a clump, 40 fe et high, of the tropical American tho1'11,.y ba7nboo Guadua angustifoli(})" at the former U. S. Plant Introduction Garden, near Brooksv-ille, Fla. It was later killed in an exceptionally severe fre eze. This ha.ndso111 e spe- c1:es attains heights up to 100 feet in the Tropics. 362 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946 ing. Heights up to 60 feet in Paraguay southern Florida and southern Califor­ and 80 to 90 feet in Ecuador and Co­ nia by that name, The latter bamboo lombia are reported, while at the Ex­ was, in fact, B a.11~busa oldhami (now periment Gardens in the Canal Zone. Sino calamus . oldhami) but was mis­ in a great clump grown from a plant identified as D. la,tiftorus when first in­ brought from Ecuador, there are culms troduced (by private agency) some up to 100 feet tall, with diameters of forty or more years ago, Two of the about 8 inches. It is now growing at other three species of the new genus the Plant Introduction Garden near that have been introduced into the Coconut Grove, Fla., and at the Feder­ United States are S, beecheya11us al Experiment Station in Puerto Rico. (Munro) McClure and S, Oldha1'l'Ii at Mayaguez. Tacuara and tacuarUZll (Munro) McClure, the latter as al­ are common names used for G. angus­ ready explained. being the bamboo t'ifolia in the more southern reaches of heretofore wi dely bu t mistakenly its range, This bamboo is reported to knowl! as D, latiftorus. The fourth be found of great economic value wher­ species of the new genus, S. affinis ever it grows in South America, being universally used for native housi ng and numerous other structural and non­ structural purposes, The wood is not very dense but evidently i hard enough to serve for a multitude of uses. A much smaller guadua, native in the Canal Zone but not yet definitely identified, has also recently been plant­ ed at the stations at Coconut Grove. Fla,. and MayagL!ez. p, R The Gellus S 'il/oea/alNus The genus Sinocalamus was estab­ lished by Dr. F, A McClure in 1940 (New Genera and Species of Bal11- buseae from Eastern Asia, Lingnan U~liv. Sci: Bul. 9: 66-67, 1940) to re­ ceIve four species of bamboos from the genera Dendrocalamus and Bambusa that were found, by careful studies of the floral characters in the type speci­ mens, not properly to belong in either Dendrocalamus or Bambusa but which Fred P. farrar agreed among themselves in essential characters that justified their beina A ChI1'Ni' of SiNoca/a/llus beecheyanus, placed together in a new genus. Th: th e Bef!Chwy ba.J'1/.boo, with cuIms 35 type species of Sinocalamus is S, lat1:­ jf('t high., which fO'rl'l'Ifl'ly g'rew at the ftorus (Munro) McClure, based on ho/'J1(' of Mr, F1'ed P. Fanar i1'l Mi­ Dendrocala1nus latiftorus Munr.o--not ({/1/i. Fla, This 1'flatively qu,ick-grow­ yet introduced, As previously stated, ing spfcies, 'lvith its robust shoots, is an i1npMtant so'urce of ed'ible bamboo ~he plant originally named D, latiftoTus shoots in. its nntive ha·bitat, southern IS not the bamboo widely known In Chi11(1" Oct.. 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 363

Courtesy of .Tlllinl1 .lIlally A clump of Sinocala11'l-us oldhami (lOI'l,g known in Florida, a.nd California under the misidentification Dendrocala11'l./.ts latifi01"us) , shown. in the background, at the home of M'r. Ju.lian Nally, Gotha, Fla.

(Rendle) McClure, has not yet be­ trated on page 362, is a medium-tall, come established here. semi-hardy bamboo with robust culms Sinocala·N'/.uS beecheYallus (Munro) and edible young shoots. It is native McClure, a clump of which is illus- in southeastern Asia, probably south- 364 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

ern China. The Beechey bamboo, as it stroyed in a fire. Early in 1940, just has been called in this country, is the three years after Mr. Farrar had set chief source of edible shoots in the re­ out his plant, both his and the parent gion of Canton and throughout the clump burst into flower, and, although warmer parts of southern China, ac­ apparently very little seed was formed, cording to Dr. F. A. McClure, who col­ both clumps died within a few months. lected it for the U. S. Department of The younger one, at Mr. Farrar's Agriculture in 1925; the culms have place, had produced three large culms little or no industrial value. Plants of up to 35 feet in height in its last year, the species from another source, grown while in the older clump there were at the Huntington Botanic Garden, San some culms 40 feet high, with a diam­ Marino, Calif., were reported in 1937 eter of 4 inches. A number of new by Mr. William Hertrich, the Curator, plants grew from seeds beneath the to have survived with comparatively lit­ clumps, and some were obtained by tle injury temperatures down to 20° Mr. T. B. McClelland, then in charge Fahr. The culms of S. beecheyanus are of the U. S. Plant Introduction Gar­ a rather bright green, often elliptic in cross section and they form a somewhat den near Coconut Grove, Fla., for propagation there. A plant of the clone open clump. The culm sheaths are glabrous except for a fine pubescence of S. beecheyanus grown at the Hunt­ at the base, drying to a grayish brown, ington Botanic Garden had previously and the veins become prominent, giv­ been obtained by the Department, ing the sheath a striate appearance; through th~ courtesy of Mr. Hertrich, the sheath becomes rather narr·ow at and it is under propagation. This clone the apex, which is truncate and is sur­ evidently had a different origin, for mounted by a small, triangular, non­ the plants of it have as yet shown no separable blade, a little narrower at sign of flowering. The only important the base than the apex of the sheath ; synonym of S . beechevanus is Ba.mbusa beecheyana. . auricles are lacking; the ligule is of moderate length, 1/16 to 7:4 inch on Sino calamus old ha1ni (Munro) Mc­ about the lower eight sheaths. and the Clure, as twice previously mentioned, is margin is erose. The leaves are 6 to the handsome, semi-hardy, giant bam­ 10 on a branch or twig and are fairly boo long known, through misidentifica­ broad, 3Y2-7 inches long and 112-1 Ys tion, as Dendrocala111us latiftorus in inches wide. southern Florida and southern Califor­ The clump of the Beechey bamboo nia. A partial view of a splendid shown at the home of Mr. Fred P. Far­ clump about 50 feet high at the home rar, in Miami, Fla., was an indirect of Mr. Julian Nally, Gotha, Fla., ap­ propagation from the introduction, pears on page 363. There are two hand­ !" . previously mentioned, made by the De- some clumps 55 feet high, with culm l ; ' partment. A plant propagated from diameters up to 3 Ys iI'lches, at the .th,e original introduction was sent in Chinsegut National Wildlife Refuge,: 1928·to· Dr. J. Petersen, then living near Brooksville, Fla. Isolated clumps near Homestead, Fla., but later in Mi­ are also to be found in many other ami. The owner of another clump in places throughout southern Florida, in­ Miami, grown from a division of this, cluding the U. S. Plant Introduction furnished Mr. Farrar with the start for Garden near Coconut Grove. A height this clump. In the meantime, the plants of 62 feet for this species is reported .at Dr. Petersen's place had been de- from the Canal Zone Experiment Gar- Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 365 dens, at Summit. The culm sheaths of reach giant proportions; the others are S. oldha111,i are much the same in shape S. beecheyanus, Bambusa tuldoides, as those of S. beecheyanus except in and B . ventricosa. having a much wider apex, with the In closing this series on the more base of the blade greatly extended, important bamboos that have been in­ equaling the apex of the sheath in troduced and established in the United width; rudimentary auricles sometimes States, I want to pay especial tribute present. The sheath proper is at first to my former chief, for many years the covered with short appressed brown active head of the Division 'of Plant hairs but these largely fall off as the Exploration and Introduction of the sheath matures and dries; it dries to a U. S. Department of Agriculture, Dr. somewhat dull straw color and the David Fairchild. He did a great veins do not become prominent. There amount of initial work in the study are the usual primary and two second­ and introduction of many of the orien­ ary branches, with a few smaller ones. tal and East Indian bamboos, with an The leaves, 7-9 on a branch or twig, unfaltering faith in the ultimate worth are 3-9 inches long and %-1 0 inches to the country of this unique and fas­ wide. The species endures a minimum cinating group of great and small temperature of about 20° Fahr., as is woody grasses. And it seems a par­ well known, and is the fourth member ticularly happy circumstance that in that we have considered of this "cli­ his life time there have developed sub­ matic" group of variously useful, hand­ stantial beginnings of a bamboo indus­ some, oriental bamboos that commonly try in the United States.

Rhododenden Notes

CLEMENT G. BOWERS, Editor

Rhododendrons in the are many enthusiastic growers in this Pacific Northwest area and an incomplete list shows some­ The past decade has seen the intro­ thing over five hundred different spe- . duction of hundreds of new rhododen­ cies and several hundred excellent hy­ drons into the Pacific Northwest. Not brids now being grown. only have the better European hybrids It is impractical to discuss all of been imported but species rhododen­ these so, for the sake of brevity, I drons from many parts of Asia. The shall touch briefly on the different se­ latter have been grown mostly from ries and confine my comments to plants seeds acquired from botanical explora­ I have personally grown or observed. tions and horticultural institutions and While these include over 350 species now that many of these species have and most of the choicer European hy­ flowered, we are beginning to realize brids, all have not flowered, but the the world of beauty that can be added hundreds which have are indicative of to our American gardens. their beauty and permane!1{:Y. Here, as Few of us have realized in the past elsewhere, we have two groups of en­ the usefulness of this genus or how thusiasts. One that favors hybrids and rea,dily the species adjusted themselves one that prefers species. I do not sUQ­ to our climatic conditions. Today there scribe to either group and believe it is 366 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946 important that the respective usefulness cial importance. air drainage. With a of each type be understood before favorable location some of these factors forming any definite opinion of their may be disregarded but in others one merit. There is room for appreciation or more of them may often determine of both without prejudice to either. success or failure. First, the hybrids are given top hOIl­ Using the English ratings which are ors by many for their adaptability to widely accepted in this area, a survey general garden use and often for the made after the winter of 1943-44, size of the fl ower and improvement of which was the coldest in fifty years, color and texture of bloom. They have showed that the average gardener was definite advantages in the limited col­ safe with plants rated "A", "B", and lection or in the more or less formal "C". P lants rated "D" were success­ group1l1 gs. ful in favored gardens and those rated However, since size and grandeur "E" suitable only for the experienced are not the only standards of beauty. grower. there are many species which must be Species given considerati on for in these there is a naturalness, often a delicacy whi ch In speaking of species, a word of is without comparison in the hybrids caution. Most of those we have grown which have been developed so far. For have come from seed and one is bound light woodland or naturalistic plantings to encounter variations in seedlings. it would seem to be difficult to omit the Again. some seeds may develop uni­ species. In rock garden rhododendrons fo rmly good plants, others very poor one would lose many of the real plant ones which mi ght better be consigned gems if species were eliminated for to a brush fire. Then there is always here again there are few good hybrids. the chance of a "bee cross" which may be at variance with the true type. For One might sum up by saying that these reasons my comments may be the beauty and usefulness of a plant subject to later modification but they should be the determining factor in emphasize the importance of measur­ evaluating it rather than ancestry or ing the type or species by the better native habitat. forms. not by the poorer ones. It is Of course before any of these are to be hoped that in the near future the considered it is necessary to know if finest example will be hand pollinized the plant is hardy. On this subject we to develop the best po sible strains. ot the Pacific Northwest have the ad­ vantage of long Engli sh experi ence AlbifiorllTn S e'ries alld which is very useful as we find that .A 11 th opogon S eries practicall y all which can be grown T hese might well be left to the spe­ there, even in the south of England can cialist. I have never seen a plant of be successfull y grown here. R. albifto·ru1'l1' worthy of a place in the Vve have to bear in mind. however, garden and while I have grown only that hardiness is not alone a matter of two species of the A nthopogon series, general climatic conditions or zone R. anthopogo·1'/- (B ** Eastern Hima­ ratings, however helpful they may be laya and Southern Tibet) and R. tsar­ as general guides. It is more a matter ongq1'1Se (B ** Southeastern Tibet) of individual location, exposure, eleva­ they come far from measuring up to tion, nearness to salt water and of spe- comparable plants in other series. Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 367

A rborewm Series about thre·e feet high yet it flowers The two outstanding species grown profusely each year with beautiful pink here are R. arboreu1'11. (D **** Indian fl owers whi·ch are about two and one­ Himalayas) and R. insign.e (A *** half inches in diameter and quite open China). While R. a.1'boreU-711. is one of but the texture of the fl ower is delicate the parents of some fine early red hy­ and it does not last long. R. quinque­ brids and receives a top rating those I folium is reputed to be slow to fl ower have grown or seen here are not out­ when young and has certainly lived up standing or up to the early Engli sh to its reputation in my garden for after descriptions of this plant. However, five years I have still to see a fl ower. it is quite possible that we do not have Both of these species cannot be dis­ the best type and only new imports missed li ghtly, however, as they are will correct this impression. R. in­ rated highly and it will take further signe has light pink fl owers with red experience to determine their useful­ spots and fairly large trusses. It fl ow­ ness to us. ers late and is a good plant for this It is in the evergreen and so-called reason, but slow-growing. semi-evergreen group that the Pacific Northwest should assume a place of A uricu.latu-111/- Series importance as a testing ground. At This series has only two species but present the confusion of species, types, both are highly desirable. R. (];uricu ­ improved varieties of complicated hy­ latu11'i. (B ** Hupeh) is a large shrub brids, the mass of confli cting and often wit h sweet-scented, w hit e fl owers duplicate names appear to the average which come in A ugust. It is a real grower like an impenetrable jungle yet acquisition not only because of its late we feel certain that out of it will come flow ering period but both its growth a number of finer plants tha n those and foliage are very attractive. R. now in existence. G1'ie1'Som:anu111. (D **** Yunnan) is a Already we have outstanding exam­ plant which has had a great influence ples in some of the J apanese azaleas on recent hybrids and appears to be received prior to the war. much hardier than the rating indicates. Without attempting scientific classi­ Flowers are tubular at the base open­ fication most of these may be placed in ing like large trumpets of bright gerani­ several general groups; Kurume, M x um-scarlet. It is one of the outstanding K (Malvatica crosses), Macrantha, R . of the newer species and well worth 11'/l.f.CrOnat~£11q, Eriocarpum (a variety of grow111 g. R. Si111-Sii) , Macrindicum (apparently a cross between MClicrantha hyhrids Aza.tea Se1'1:es and R. indicu1n) and Scabrum. In The truly deciduous azaleas are too many of these the ancestry is so mixed widely known to need Pacific N orth­ that correct classification of plants is west comment and in the opinion of difficult if not impossible at the present many they are not as generally used time and their hardiness vari es to a here as they deserve to be. Two from marked degree. Japan however, R. pe1'lta.ph)dlum (C The Kurul1les we are told were first ***) and R. quinq.£efoliu11'l. (B ****) introduced into the United States at may not be so widely known. R. penta­ the San Francisco fair of 1915 but pltylhmoi while attaining twenty-five were lost to COm merce and rei'ntro­ feet in the wild has been rather slow­ duced by Mr. E. H. Wilson of the growing and after six years is only Arnold A rboretul1l. This is a splendid 368 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946 group but highly variable in ~~rdiness. The Scabrum group intrigues many Some, like Benigiri, Hinodegm, S~ow, of us as some are reputed to attain a Hinomayo, have withstood our Wl11ter height of twenty feet and while this weather for a number of years but group is usually rat~d "E" under Eng: many others are on the "tende~ si~e" !ish ratings, one vanety, Red Emperor, and until some controlled SCIentific has grown successfully in m.y ~arden study is made we will have to continue for six years but I am begl11mng to our method of trial and error. suspect its parentage or is ~u~henticity. M X K azaleas have been success­ It shows no sign of attal11l11g great fully grown in England for a numb~r height and is a poor color. Only add!­ of years and include some splendId tional importations will prove the ment plants. Our difficulty is in securing the of this group. desirable varieties but those already Barbatun1- Series grown have been hardy and excellent plants. This series seems slow to flower but includes some excellent species. R. bar­ The Macrantha hybrids and clones batu1tn (B **** India) grows from all seem hardy and while their general thirty to sixty feet in height and is a form is twiggy and not usually consid­ beautiful plant. The flower trusses are ered as desirable as many others, they comparatively small but this is 0f!'s~t come in a beautiful variety of colors by the brilliancy of color. R. stngtl­ and most of them flower in June so lOSU11~ (C China) is also outstand­ they extend the flowering period over *** ing. R. pachytrichum (C-China) has a time when few of this genus is in not proved worthy of growing from bloom. seed although there is a form in Eng­ R. mucronatu1'P~ (usually sold as land which received an Award of Merit. Azalea ledifolia alba and ledifolia ro­ sea) can be rated from excellent to Boothii Series poor depending on the individual plant. This group has won considerable ad­ The finer forms are among the most miration among those who like low­ beautiful azaleas in existence therefore growing and rock garden rhododen­ clonal varieti~s of known value should drons. R . deleiense (C *** India) and be selected. Noordtianum (Luikiu R. t e PI'wop e Ph~1n (C *** South-East­ Azalea) is among the best but there ern Tibet, China and Upper Burma) are many others. are similar; R. deleiense has a wider The Eriocarpum group is best rep­ leaf and being slightly fragrant. Two resented by Azalea Gumpo which is splendid shrubs. For the rock garden low-growing and has beautiful pure R. leucaspis (C *** Tibet and Tsango white, frilled flowers. In this group Gorge) has a pure white open flower are others such as Pink Gumpo, Red and beautiful hairy leaves, while R. Gumpo, and Album giganteum, the lat­ megemtum (D * Yunnan and Upper ter having flowers six inches across Burma) is similar with bright yellow or so the catalog says. Mine has not flowers. flowered. Little is known of the Macrindicum Camelliaefiont1n Series group as only a few arrived before the I have grown a number of plants of war but it should be good as many of R. camellia,efioru111. (D - Himalaya) them are known to stand considerable and while it is not rated as tender most cold and they are unusually large. of the small plants winterkilled. Sev- Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 369 eral survived and are about five feet einnabarinU111, (B **** Sikkim Hima­ high but have never flowered. layas) from seed and all are good but Campanulatum Series vary in leaf coloring and flowering time. This plant is said to grow only All hardy and while not rated high to six feet but several are somewhat for garden merit R. ca1npanulatum (B taller. ** Himalaya) is a most interesting foli­ age plant. The leaves have indumen­ Dau.rieu1n S eries tum of rich brown that is lovely when Two species only, but one, R. muero­ the plants get large enough to display nulatu111, (B **** Northeastern Asia it. The upper surface is deep-green. and Japan) should be in every garden. Plants grown in the shade are more Often mistaken for an azalea, it flowers blue than those in the open. early, about the time the forsythias C a-m}ylogynu111, Series bloom, has flowers before new leaves Here are two splendid plants. R. and is a bright mauve-pink. myrtilloides (A *** Northeastern Bur­ Edgeworthii S eries rna) with glossy foliage and small plum-purple flowers, is suitable for the R. bullatu1n (D **** Yunnan) is the rock garden and R. campylogynum (A only one I have succeeded in growing ** Yunnan) is said to grow to six feet and this shows a tendency to die back but seems to remain lower in our area. a few inches in occasio!1al years but it is well worth giving protection as it has Camtse hatieum Series large white, sweet-scented flowers and Have seen only R. ca1ntsehatieum interesting, puckered, leathery leaves. (A - Alaska). These plants were brought out .of Alaska but seemed to F ale O11eri S erie s resent moving and soon died. This large-leaf group should be grown wherever possible if only as a C a1'o linianu-111, Series foliage plant for outside of the Grande . Better known in the East than on Series there is nothing ' in the genus the West Coast but R. caroliniamtm comparable to them. They look like (A-North Carolina and Eastern U. something brought out of the tropical S.) as grown here is white to pink rath­ jungle and yet they are comparatively er than rosy purple. It adapts itself hardy. With protection from wind and readily to naturalistic plantings. winter sun mine have withstood tem­ peratures of 12° without being cut or C e phalanth~t1n Series defoliated. R. Faleone1'i (C **** About a half dozen good plants of Himalayas) is considered the finest which R. ledoides (C *** Yunnan) and grows to a tree of forty to fifty and R. sphaeranthu1n (C *** Yunnan) feet, with pale yellow flowers. R. H odg­ are probably the favorites. They make sonii (B * Himalaya) has a longer, excellent rockery plants with white to slightly narrower leaf and while it is pink daphne-like flowers, slightly said to have a poor flower it is still one scented. of the best foliage plants I have grown. I believe the entire series is slow to Cinnabarimt1% S eries flower as several plants fifteen years A very unusual and interesting old have never produced a single flow­ group. Have grown a number of R. er bud. 370 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

F e1Tugineu IN S eTies . I have grown, sometimes measuring over twenty inches in length. It seems Good rock plants and while not espe­ more tender than the smaller leaf spe­ cially attractive have the advantage. of cies of the same rating and was de­ being thoroughly hardy and flowenng foliated at 12° but came back satisfac­ late. R. fen%gineu111, (A * ) and R. torily. kiTSU.tu111 (A * ) both come from the Alps. H ell:ole pis S Pries

F o1't~t1'1e 'i S er'ies R. ntbiginoswlN (A *** Yunnan) and R. desqua'/lwtum (D ** Western Here are at least a dozen of the finest Yunnan and orthern Burma) are the and most useful rhododendrons grown best of the series. R. rubiginosu1n is and they give promise of much wider most widely grown and is extremely usage than is now accorded them. ~10st variable in color. Generally a lilac­ are rated "B" and ., C" for hardl11ess rose, some plants are ah:nost a clear and different species fl ower at different pi nk. Very fl oriferous and a splendid times over a period of several Ill on-hs, plant at the edge of a wood or in a Those of greatest merit in the hardier naturalistic planting where large color­ classifications are R. caloph'ytu/'ll (B iul displays are desired. Eventually *** China), R, sutckUe1'1e11Se (B *** grows to thirty feet. China), R. discolor (B **** Chin a) and R. orbicular(' (B *** China). [rroratulIl S('ri('s A comparatively large series with Fulvu1n Se1'ies many species and sub-species only a A small series and I have grown few of which have been grown in the only one species, R, fU.lVU11'1 (B ** Yun­ Pacific Northwest. R. irroratu11/. (C nan), These plants are too small to ** Yunnan) is good but nothing spe­ evaluate but it is said they grow to cial, however one plant (probably a about twenty feet and should be inter­ "bee cross") varies from the true form esting woodland plants. and is one of the finest early pinks I Glaunt/I/. Sen:es have grown. This plant, now over nine feet in height. flowers profusely A series of which I have grown sev­ every March and withstands the stiff eral species for a number of years and winds and rains of that period as 110 they have grown in my appreciation other plant I have seen. R. Elliottii each year. This is one of the series (Kingdom V./ard #7725, D **** which does not resemble the typical YIanipur, Japvo. Naga Hills) is a rhododendron, It has small leaves and splendid crimson scarlet of good form flowers and an individual beauty hard and texture. to resist. R. gla'uC'uln (B ** Sikkum) t~, ' . and R. pr'unijlol'u1n (C *** N ortheast­ LacteuN~ Series ern Burma )are representatives of the The one species which has flowered senes. for me, R. lacteu,I'l1, (C **** Yunnan) Gmnde Series unfortunately proved to be the white form which did not measure up to the Definitely on the tender side but rating of the clear yellow which is con­ some more hardy than others, R. sino­ sidered one of the best. grande (C **** Western Yunnan, Northeastern Burma and Southeastern LapponicU'i'lI Se'ries Tibet) has the largest leaf of any plant One of the largest and most confus- Oct., 1946 TH E NATIONAL H ORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 37 1 ing series. Some E nglish authorities wi th a large number of excellent spe­ have said these might well be ignored cies and thoroughly hardy in our area. except fo r perhaps a dozen species. I Mostly medium-size d shrubs but some am heartily in accord with that state­ splendid rock plants such as R . For­ ment for the di ffe rences are so minor, restii (B **** Northwestern Yunnan and many species are of even question­ and Southeastern T ibet ) and R. repe11S able merit that they have li ttle or no (A **** same area) both somewhat garden value. But among them are diffic ult to grow but we ll wo rth the some plants which every grower wi ll effort. Reds predominate in this seri es prize, R. cantabile (A ****), R . hippo­ but there are several excell ent ones in phaeoides (A ****) , R. ntssatu11'L (A orange shades as well as rose and yel­ ****) and R . scintillans (A ****) all low. Many fi ne species. from Yunnan are in thi top bracket. Ovatll7/l. Series Lepidot"m~ Se1'ies All tender and to my knowledge A small shrubb)' series of which R . none have hee n grown in this area. i1npemtor (A *** Burma) is an out- , standing gem and a splen di d rock gar- POllticlI1Il Series den plant. Some good plants but nothing out- M adde-nii S e'ri es standing. A large but somewhat tender sen es Sahtenense Series some of whi ch should be grown wherever possible. Among the hardier ~-\ group of dwarf shrubs to delight ones worthy of mention are R. ciliatwIN any rock garde ner. R. calostrotum (A (C *** Sikkim) Himalayas), a small *** Northeastern Burma), R . keleti­ spreading shrub whi ch is widely groW IJ Clt11'1 (A ** Southeastern Tibet ), R . and has blush to deep pink fl owers; mdicans (B **** Southeastern Tibet ) grows low in open locations but attains and R . saluenense (A *** N orthwest­ a height of six feet in shady ones; R. ern Yunnan ) are the best I have grown Valentinianu1'1'/. ( D *** Y unnan ), one and I conside r them among the most of the best rock garden shrubs with im portant of the dwarf shrubs. lovely butter-yellow fl owers; R. cras­ Scabr1:foliul1l Series SU111, ( D *** Western Yunnan and Up­ per Burma), a large shrub or tree and A group of medium-sized shrubs highly desirable because of its fragrant with small leaves and fl owers but very white fl owers whi ch come in, June and attracti ve in any naturali sti c location. July. This I consider one of the top R. pubescens (B *** Szechuan ) is ranking rhododendrons. probably the best and R. spil'luliferu11'/, (C *** Yunnan ) the most unusual. It M oupinense Series looks like a fl owering fir·e cracker. Another small seri es wi th one of the S ell'l iba:rbatulIl Series finest low-growing species of the genus, R . 11'£oup'inense (B *** E astern Tibet Only one species and do not kn ow and Szechuan ). This plant fl owers in of it being grown here. February, is low-growing and splendi d TaliellSe Series for a rockery. A large seri es but does not seem to N erii jlo n£111/, S er'ie s possess suffi cient meri t fo r general use. O ne of the most important sen es A few fa irly good garden plants. THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940 372

classed in the top bracket of choice Thom.son-ii Ser-ies rhododendrons. Certainly one of the top-ranking se­ ries containing many excellent species Vaccinioides S e1'ies most of them thoroughly hardy. Have Have never seen qne of this series in grown about twenty and not a bad one the Pacific Northwest probably because in the lot. In the Sub series Campylo­ of the low ratings and tenderness. carpum, R. cam.pylocarpu111, (B **** India), yellow, and R. callin40rphu'Yi'~ Virgatu1% Series. (B Western Yunan), pink, are ex­ *** Three excellent low-growing shrubs cellent. In Subseries Souliei one should of which R . mcemosum (A Yun­ grow at least six but I mention only **** nan) is by far the most outstanding. three; R . Willia1%sianum (C **** Szechuan), a low-growing plant with Explanation of ratings as given in paren­ pink flowers and heart-shaped leaves ; theses after each species: "A"-Hardy any.where in the British Isle~ R. Souliei (B **** Western Szechu­ and may be planted in ful1 exposure an), a large shrub with white to rose- , if desired. colored flowers and R. Wa.rdii (C *** "B"-Hardy anywhere in the British Isles but requires some shade to obtain best Western Yunnan), a splendid yellow. results. In the Subseries Thomsonii, R. Th01'I't­ "C"-Hardy along the seaboard and in warm sonii (B **** India) and R. Stewa1,ti­ gardens inland. "D"-Hardy in south and west but requires anum (C *** Upper Burma, Western shelter even in warm gardens inland. Yunnan, Southeastern Tibet) are Asterisks indicate merit, four (****) be­ ing the highest rating.-From the 1939 Year­ among the best. book of the Rhododendron Association (Great Britain). T ric ho clad~~111, S e'rie s HERBERT IHRIG. Have grown none. Ratings indicate Unive'rsity of Washillgton few plants of merit. Rhododendron Show TrifiorU111, S er·ies The first annual rhododendron show This group I regret to report is not in the State of Washington was held in as widely grown as it deserves to be Seattle on May 4 and 5 in the Univer­ for it includes some of the most beauti­ sity of Washington Arboretum. It was ful flowers in existence. Instead of sponsored jointly by the University the grandeur of large flower trusses and the Arboretum Foundation, found­ and magnificent leaves these plants er of the Arboretum, and its represen­ have a lace-like delicacy, a charm and tative in civic undertakings. It is, of grace of line which is seen only in na­ course, generally known among gar­ ture's aristocrats. The flowers are deners and horticulturists that nowhere more like an azalea, with long protrud­ in the world can rhododendrons in all ing stamens; the colors are soft and their varieties be better grown than delicate. One should definitely grow here, and in few places can they be R. Augustinii (C **** Western Hupeh equalled, with the climatic conditions and Szechuan) which comes in various prevailing in the " coastal region of shades from deep blue to light laven­ Washington, Oreg~tt, and British Co­ der blue; and R. y",mnamel1se (B **** lumbia. There has ' been an almost Yunnan) with white to pinkish and spontaneous movement toward the use orchid-colored flowers dotted with red. of rhododendrons in the gardens in the This plant in a good form would be Northwest in the last few years which Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 373 the continued emphasis of the Univer­ same way, the cut blooms were kept sity of Washington Arboretum and the fresh in deep receptacles so that at the American Rhododendron Society have end of the Show they were with almost had a large part in. Many amateur no exception as fresh as when they growers have imported the choice Eng­ were brought in. Pint, quart, and two­ glish hybrids for their own gardens quart fruit jars painted an olive green and have generously allowed their on the outside were used and were friends among the nurserymen to prop­ most practical and inconspicuot.ls. The agate from them, so that such varieties tent was a soft green coior and table as Mrs. G. W. Leak, Unknown War­ coverings and facings and backgrounds rior, Loder's King George, Unique and were carried out in the same tones. many others are becoming as much One side of the tent opened onto a used as the old Catawbiense was in the bank covered with blooming azaleas 1910's and bid fair to run it out to less with rustic steps leading down from it favorable climes. to the axis of the Show tent center­ The emphasis in the Arboretum has piece. This was a small stone garden been on rhododendrons and azaleas and figure of a chubby boy which was with the view of interesting a greater raised to eye height and banked at the number of people in the Arboretum and base with azaleas at the level of the its fine collection of rhododendrons, the tables for the cut blooms. Show was planned in a natural setting Three thousand persons attended the of the Arboretum adjoining Rhododen­ Show at a paid admission of sixty-five dron Glen. This Glen is a nine-acre cents. Information was sought at every tract winding down a stream-bed along step of their pilgrimage through the hillsides shaded by western dogwoods Show and the inquiries already re­ (COr1~US Nuttalli) and with a back­ ceived by the Arboretum and nursery­ ground of native Douglas firs and west­ men indicates the success of the un­ ern hemlocks. In it over a period of dertaking. years have been planted upwards of From the horticultural standpoint, a 250 varieties of rhododendrons, both high standard was set and there were species and hybrids. It was full of few exhibits which would not have bloom at the time of the Rhododendron stood out in any surroundings. Eighty­ Show and was a fitting prelude for the three different varieties were exhibited spectacular exhibition in the tent at -twenty varieties of species rhododen­ its summit. drons, fifty varieties of hybrid rhodo­ Believing that the Show had a value dendrons, thirteen varieties of azaleas. artistically as well as horticulturally, The bloom adjudged finest among the an effort was made to stage it as ~eau­ cut trusses was Lady Chamberlain. It tifully as possible, and the resulting in­ is a direct importation of Mr. Donald terest on the part of the general public G. Graham of Seattle who has recently (which in the Northwest is always the returned from England where he was gardening public) was evidence of the stationed during the War. Its rare soundness of this theory. The plants beauty allowed of no conflict of opinion exhibited were sunk in sawdust and among the judges. It is a neriiflorum peat to a depth of 12 inches so that hybrid of a tawny chamois golden pink they seemed actually planted in gr'oups -which description would immediate­ as they would be in a garden. The ease ly be questioned for accuracy by any­ with which they could be kept damp one who has seen it, for it defies de­ in this way was also important. In the scription. The perfection of form and 374 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946 foliage even in a single bloom is out­ Hybrid Rhododend1'ons standing and on the plant itself hang­ Alice**, Bagshot Ruby*, Butter­ ing its trumpets among the dark green fly**, Beauty of Littleworth, Bow leaves, it must of necessity be coveted Bells*, C. B. Van Ness, Corona*, Cor­ by every gardener. As a direct con­ ry Koster, Cunningham's White, Cyn­ trast to its delicacy, Loder's King thia*, Cynthia Improved*, Earl of George exhibited by Ralph DeClements Athlone**, Elspeth Slocock, Fabia*, of Bremerton, also an amateur grower Faggetter's Favorite, Garnet*, Grier­ of distinction, tpwered above the heads sonianum hybrid*, Griersonianum X of crowd in the tent with its tremen­ Elliottii*, Lady Chamberlain, Lady dous flowers perfection itself. This Primrose*, Lady Rosebery, Loderi*, plant received the award for the finest Loderi King George, Loder's White, plant in the Show and again no one Luscombeii**, Mrs. C. B. Van Ness*, Mrs. Furnival, Mrs. G. W. Leak**, could question the judges' choice. Mme. Wagner, Purple Splendor*, In spite of the fact that the Show Richard Gill*, Rosamund Millais, was a little early for the season, and Rothschild's Hybrid, Smithii Aure­ that the schedule did not entirely fit um*, Susan, Tallyho*, Tester Van in with the needs of the locale , the list Dyer*, The Hon. J oyce Montagu, Un­ of exhibits is very impressive. With a name8 hybrid (2). Unique**, Van later date set for next year and almost Ness Sensation**. twice as much space planned for, we do not doubt that we shall have an even Exhibited by the ArboretulII 1110r·e imposing list. There were two Eureka Maid, Gomer Waterer, Lady unnamed hybrids exhibited and we Bessborough, Mrs. W. C. Slocock, hope to encourage growers in this field Pink Pearl, Van Vveerden Paelman, through the stimulus of the Show. Souvenir W. C. Slocock, V'/hite Pearl. The list of varieties shown follows: MRS. ARTHUR J. KRAUSS. Seattle, \ i\T ash. Species •..J.zaleas in Ohio A ugustinii, ca1'I'Lpylocar PU1'II" calostro­ I received your letter asking me to tU11'/" californicu,11'1-, ca.roliniallbll·N, decO'r­ give my experience with azaleas. I um" Davidsonianu-I1'L, didY1'111U1%, eo\:"­ should have answered your letter soon­ quisituw£, fastigiatu-m. F o·rtunei, glau­ er but I know there was little I could C~611'L, Grier sonianU1%, -i11~pedit££111, ne1'i·i­ give that would be information except flO?',/;611~, o?'eot?'ephes, si?wgrande, Tho111,­ to those few who are situated as I am sonii, tephropeplu?11" YU1117al1el7s e. in the heart of a great limestone sec­ tion. With cement factories near area Azaleas limestone quarries for miles around and Types and unnamed varieties of: great deposits of Lower Silurian lime­ stone shale. it does not make a very Altaclarense, ledifoli-u1n, mollis, occi­ promising picture for anyone who is dentalis, Vaseyii, Albrechti, i '/1,dic~£11~ interested in sour soil plants and wants balsa11~inaefionm£, and the hyb?'ids, to grow some of them. Ruby, Apple Blosso1n, Peach Blow, Laughing Wate1', Christmas Chee?', and * Commercial exhibit. ** Both Commercial and Amateurs exhibited. Snow. No stars-Amateur exhibit. Dct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 375

There is always a desire to grow listed as hardy will just not do here ; something unusual and at the same Cleopatra is one, a Kaempferi Hybrid. time something that everyone around These hybrids are said to be the hardi­ you does not have. and azaleas are just est of the evergreen class. I tried sev­ t hat. eral and they all winter killed. I have I have a bed of azaleas about sixteen what I bought for Atalanta. which is feet long and four feet wide. I exca­ listed as purple, a Kael1lpferi hybrid vated two and one half feet deep, threw evergreen, but my plant is evergreen ·out the top soil to itself, and sifted the and has beautiful large pink fl owers, top soil with one quarter inch mesh more desirable than any purple would screen to get out any limestone peb­ be. Hinodegiri has not proven too bles that might be in it. I filled in the hardy with me. I lost several but now bottom of the excavation with brush have one that went through last win­ and leaves and filled in some g€lod top ter nicely. I like the color of the one soil mixed with sand and peat moss. I now have. They apparently vary as I neared the ground level, adding a much in color as one I had was a dirty little more sand and peat moss building brick red. I found the plants I bought the bed four inches above the level, by from the extreme southern states were adding oak leaves and peat moss each not hardy here. The same varieties fall it is six inches above level. The from northern nurseries went through advice to add a heavy coat of oak winter with no winter damage. I have leaves each fall and leave them on to Amoena, Amoena Coccinea, Flame, of rot up would in time naake the bed the K urume azaleas, these with J. T. entirely too high. Lovett and Maxwellii, are doing nicely. My bed is seven years old, and as I I have Hexe but do not know what it started with rooted cuttings purchased intends to do. It was planted lat'e last from an Eastern nursery, what few fall and does not look any too well. lived are not very large. I tried several Maxwellii froze back some on the west years with the rooted cuttings but side of the bush, but with the exoessive found I was getting nowhere with them. rains we have been having it is mak­ Weare in the interior of the country ing good growth. Most azaleas are where the latter part of summer gets making wonderful growth; the con­ very hot and dry, imd at that time the stant rains seem to be what they need. cisterns of rain water get very low, just at the critical time when azaleas need Altaclarensis and one of our native most watering, so most of the rooted azaleas have new growth about a foot cuttings would peris11. I have switched long and this is just June first. If they to larger B. & B. plants and plant them keep up this growth it will not be long in the fall. My bed is now fu ll of very until they will be a solid mat. I am nice plants. The rooted cuttings would afraid I have them planted too close have been all right, no doubt, if I had but by the pictures I see of azalea been in a location with much moisture plantings they form a solid bed. ' in the air as near the coast or in the I am trying out one of Gable's hardy mountai ns. azalea, E lizabeth Gable, listed as rose Another thing that is against us here pink, but the one I have is hose-in-hose is that we are about at the most north­ and the same color or shade of Mossie­ ern limi t of the belt where azaleas can ana (listed as purple). I have Mossie­ be grown. This necessitates a careful ana and Cardinali s of the Arnoldiana selecti on of kinds. I find certain kinds groll p; both are evergree1l. 376 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

Mucronulata blooms in late March LoiseleU1'ia P1'OCU111,bens with me and has the rankest growth of This dwarf relative of the azaleas all, but last spring a year ago it was presents a challenge away from its in full bloom when a severe freeze al­ mountain home. It can be grown, how­ most killed it. It is making some ever, and when planted with other growth this year and I think .it will r~­ dwarf shrubs in a proper setting ex­ cover. I grew it from a cuttll1g ~nd It erts its subtle charm. Here in north­ was four feet high. Poukh,al1'l. ens~s, or western Connecticut two plants of what I have been growing for it, was Loiseleu?'ia p?'O C1M1'Lb ens have been not near so far along that spring and growing for two years but have failed bloomed nicely and was in no way hurt to flower. One plant which may be of by the freeze. It is listed as deciduous the more vigorous European variety, and fragrant and rose purple. M~ plant has put on excellent annual growth is about evergreen, flowers orchId and with sprawling stems reaching out not fragrant. It is second to bloom .of about six inches from the central tuft, the azaleas I have; then Flame, Mossle­ and this year each of these stems has ana Amoena, Cardinalis and Hinode­ put on a crown of new shoots about giri' follow it, with Atalanta, Ledifoli~ four inches long. When these are alba and Elizabeth Gable last. pegged down they should make a neat My Schlippenbachii did not bloom clumpy new plant to attempt in another this year. It was set last fall but it location to try to induce flowering. looks as if it is forming buds now. I The other plant, collected in the am not acquainted with it so it may White Mountains, has not shown such turn out to be leaf growth. I have two vigor but maintains a dense tufted Rhododendro'}I/, catGIWbiel1Se in the bed; growth. the flowers are lavender; I had hoped These plants are growing at the foot they would be red purple. of a north slope in gravelly soil to I read of planting sour soil plants which was added a generous supply under the taller azaleas, but I find the of old rotted peat. The area is shaded better sour soil plants will not stand by fairly tall Douglas fir trees which al­ the azalea fertilizer. I had nice arbutus low the sun to reach the plants only as and orchids in the bed and when the it slants down the hill in the afternoon. commercial sour soil fertilizer got near \i\Then new propagations are ready them all died out. I have had no trou­ to be set out they will be tried in a ble resetting arbutus from the wild if nearby location which has the same they are watered well with a strong type of gravelly acid soil but is in full B-1 solution. I received plants from sunlight, tempered somewhat by slop­ North Carolina from the wild, that ing to the north. In this location heaths were so dry on arrival I had considered and heathers have done remarkably them past growing. I soaked them for well and suggest further experiment four hours in B-1 solution (strong) with related plants. and planted them and watered with the H. LINCOLN FOSTER. solution they were soaked in and all Norfolk, Conn. grew and bloomed the next year. Par­ tridge berry and Foam flower do not OveTwinte'ring DOT1nal1t Seedlingj mind strong fertilizer. Contrary to common advice, we occa­ W. N. LEIGHTY. sionally experience success acting in Germantown, Ohio. desperation. Such was the happy out- Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 377

come of storing flats of rhododendron X (]Jrno ldia1Wl, kae111pferi, and viscosu.1/L seedlings in a cool garage. Seed of responded immediately and by May rhododendron and azalea species ar­ had put on wonderful new growth, de­ rived late in the spring of 1945. Though manding a second transplanting. Sim­ germination was satisfactory, g~owth ilarly Ledum groenlandicu,m, Pieris was very slow in a shaded greenhouse. japoniw, Rhododendron occidentale Transplanted seedlings seemed to stand and atlantic'H1%, all of which, sown ear­ still, which, with the press of other lier, were good size by fall, but had business, discouraged further trans­ been brought in for safety's 'sake, went planting; so a majority of the plants right into strong new growth. were left in the original seed flats, Rhododendron viscosum, X gandav­ crowded as they were. ense, 1'oseU1n and pennsylvanicum did These were kept in the greenhouse not take so kindly to the treatment and until the heat was turned on in the sulked for a long time before deciding . fall. Then arose the question of how to take up growing again. These sulk­ to handle the tiny plants. The outdoor ers had all been transplanted the sum­ frames, which were full of transplanted mer before when very small and had azaleas and rhododendrons, were in made poor growth, which may explain such poor repair that nothing would their sluggishness. make them mouse-proof. A sad experi­ The fine response of the others ence the winter before had proved the seems to indicate that such storage has partiality of mice for most species of definite possibilities for rhododendron ericaceous plants. (Rhododen,dron 111:U­ in their tender youth. cronulabt11lt they apparently find unap­ H. LINCOLN FOSTER. petizing.) Norfolk, Conn. In desperation, the flats of seedlings were moved into a two-car garage. This Azalea, Hazel Dawson (See page 379) room has five windows, three on the . north and two on the east. Heat pipes Although many a person has seen for an apartment above run along the this excellent azalea in my garden I ceiling, but with the wide doors facing have never known one of them to order north the room is not warm in severe one from the nursery! This is a puz­ weather. The temperature at table zle for the plant is vigorous, erect grow­ height on occasion reached 20° F. ing, winter hardy, semi-evergreen and The flats were kept on the dry side in mid-season covered with large rosy with only occasional watering during purple fl owers. These are particularly warm spells. All of the seedlings re­ fine as the very base of the corolla in mained evergreen, including Rhodo­ the section known as the tube, the col­ dendro'n obtusU'niL var. kaemPfe1'i and or is almost pure scarlet and when the sun shines through the fl ower, this in­ X a;rnoldia1w" 1nbbc ro'wHlatu11'l, viscos­ u,Jn, ledifoliwm, X gandavense, rOSeU111/, ner warmth makes a fine color for all and pennsJdvanicU111,. except the traditionally conditioned­ As the days began to lengthen in again st-purple-people, whose tribe for­ February there were signs of new life, tunately is dying out. Like all azaleas especially in Rhododendron 111~bCrOnu, ­ of its kind, it comes easily from cut­ latu111" so all were brought into the tings and will make excellent layers, greenhouse. Those that were crowded if you are too lazy to make a cutting. in their original se€d flats were trans­ O n the chance that there might he planted. Mucro11'b£latmn, ledifolit,ml , records of its parentage, a letter was 378 THE N ATIONAL H ORTICULTU RAL MAGAZI NE Oct. , 1946 sent to the Eastern N urseries in 1945 The upper right hand fl ower shows and Miss H odgson very kindly- replied the typical deep rose red bloom which in part : represents one extreme; the lower " . I am only too pleased to give right fl ower, shows the other, a faintly you what info rmati on I have regard­ tinteci white with only a little flecking ing Azalea Hazel Dawson, which I of color in the "blotch." The upper left am sorry to say is quite limited. shows an intermediate pale pink with "Azalea Hazel Dawson is a Dawson one lobe and a part of a second, the hybrid. I t is a cross between A. deep rose color of the right hand fl ow­ Kaempferi and A. ledifo li a, and is lilac er. The lower left, shows the same sort mauve in color. 'Silver Medal. ' of pale pink fl ower but with a heavy "I have checked through our old cat­ blotch of colored dots in the proper alogues and fi nd that it was first listed area. It shows also a tendency towards in 1923, which is about 8 years after whiteness on the edges of the lobes the death of Jackson T. Dawson. whid1 is a fa miliar color pattern in T herefore, on that assumption I think many of the " Indian" azaleas. One the hybridist was the late Henry Sar­ can fo resee any amou nt of trouble for gent Dawson, rather than the father. the nurseryman who will have to re­ However, I may be mistaken as to the ceive queries from customers who may originator, but if it was introduced by get quite different looking plants from the late Jackson T. Dawso n, feel con­ the same name clone. fident that there woul d be a reco rd ot I n D r. Bower's Rhododendrons and it in the library at Horticul ture, H orti ­ Azaleas (p. 224) in his preliminary cul ture Hall , Boston. " discussion of the section Tsutsuj i there Several other inquiri es brought no is a paragraph ; "Yellow fl ower color further light on the azalea. The cross does not occur in the 'S ubseri es. The seems quite in order for it is one that fl owers are characterized by typical most of us have made. None of 111 )' anthocyanin pigmentation, run n i n g own hybri ds approach this one and through the deli cate pinks to rose, none that I have seen come up to it cri mson and lil ac colors. W hite fo rms in color though one by Mr. Yerkes. IS are relatively abundant. Marking in as large, though much paler. the fo rms of spots or blotches are com­ mon. Chimeras occur as fl akes and seg­ H ybrid aza.lea" Nlai-hu111.e. (See fron­ ments in the Indian azaleas." T hi s tispiece) would explain the conditions in the The accompanying photograph i flower on the upper left, but perhaps given, not because thi s clone is out­ not all the rest. Indeed the present standing above all its fellows, but be­ writer feels that there is much more cause it shows as well as any other the to be said in the matter of fl ower pat­ type of Hower variation that may come terns and their inheritance and it would on one clone. The variants seem to be be his ·preliminary opini on that while fairly uniform on each shoot so that chimeras which procluce sectional col­ if one takes cuttings from a definite orations are all very well , that flaking shoot, the resulting plant will appear as such has been inherited in too many to have only one sort of fl ower, until cases to be looked upon as such a suc­ some fine day it decides to sport and c·essful chimera ! give you one or another of the variants But whatever the explanation that possible. may evolve or the doctor's degrees that .oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 379

L ._J Robert L. TO'y /or rS ee page 377] A zalea, Hazel Dawson Oct., 1946 380 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE may later be earned in the investigation has been lavishe<;l on them through the of the behavior of certain azalea pat­ years by gardeners in every part of terns, the plants themselves are lovely the world. things and well worth the attention that Takoma Park, Md. Narcissus Notes

B. Y. MORRISON, Edito1'

Daffodils in 1946, Dallas, Texas cup"; my fingers were crossed to be sure, but when it came into bloom-a To a certain extent, conditions for tall, vigorous looking plant with sturdy daffodil bloom this season appeared not stem-I was satisfied. The crown was so favorable, in that many established truly "pink" by the second morning. clumps failed to show buds and others came blind. While in a measure dis­ (2) Margaret Fell (2b) has a fine appointing, on the whole this may have white perianth with yellow crown, bor­ been as well, since the writer had more dered with orange red. A tall and time for individual observation and beautiful Hower which withstood wind study. and rain better than many shorter ones. The following notes are principally (3) Melva Fell (2b) another very devoted to some of the recent additions beautiful white flower with a band of to my collection. Several are from red, not quite as tall. My notes say New Zealand or Australia, by way of "an exquisite flower." the American Northwest, some from (4) Margaret and Melva are more Michigan and some from Maryland. delicately beautiful, but David West In none was there an appreciable dif­ (4a), a midseason bloomer of unusual ference in performance-perhaps only charm, would probably hold the great­ slightly larger bulbs from the N orth­ est appeal for the s'ize enthusiast. This. west. All were true to name and as with its finely imbricated cup of cream described. gradually becoming pure white, with . Surprisingly, La Argentina, a Poe­ buff-cream shading, would likely be­ taz, bloomed first of all and abundant­ come first choice. One stands and ly. At the close of the season, this pro­ looks-in doubt; he looks again and duced a second time, normally. All again to decide at least that David were fine blooms. West is a must. Rightly or no, size Silver Chimes, a Triandus and Poe­ has again scored. taz cross, normally a late bloomer, Polindra (2b) might easily be con­ was next, with two scapes to each of six sidered as fine a Bicolor Incompara­ bulbs, bearing from four to eight flor­ bilis as one could wish to see and pos­ ets of pearly whiteness on scapes of sess. Its perianth is broad, flat, pure unusual height, with long-lasting flow­ white and of fine substance. The ers. A treasure this, in any collection crown, clear yellow and serrated at the of daffodils. mouth, completes ·an altogether mag­ As for the New Zealanders or Aus­ nificent flower of commanding height tralians, of which there are a few: and size. (1) Shirley Wyness (4a) was eager­ Looking across Polindra and seeing ly watched for the promised "pink St. Egwin (3a). a splendid Barrii of Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 381 clear soft yellow, of great height and likelihood, however, there will be noth­ finely proportioned segments, one ing as fine as many varieties already in stands amazed at the skill of the origi­ the market. nator of these masterpieces. St. Egwin Still, it is rather fun to plant a few is majestic in its golden radiance. seeds occasionally to see what wilI de­ Rustum Pasha (2a)-tall and a velop and I was pleased to see two striking bit of color for this climate ; very fair yelIow trumpets among a few said to be sunproof. Apparently a seedlings this year, for yelIow trump­ good doer, since in each of two posi­ ers are decidedly in the minority in my tions- full sun and semi-shade- it did garden. I had thought that Aerolite not lose its bright color. was thoroughly dependable but it didn't appear at alI in the spring of 1945. At Effective, a Bicolor with slender present King of the North, Sulphur trumpet of gold which extends into the Prince, Dawson City and Yukon are perianth, forming a halo of the same doing well, and there is an occasional color. A beautiful flower and appar­ . flower from several others but they ently a good garden subject. cannot be said to be dependable. Adler (2b) is a never failing joy in Except for these and some of the late afternoon particularly. Its large miniature species, several of which flat, white perianth and cup of yellow never appeared above ground at all, all seem to absorb something from the hardy daffodils seem to like our con­ light which softens the texture of the ditions. There will be, of course, an whole, making it a most lovely flower. occasional variety that wilI sulk, as for A good grower and prolific bloomer. instance Mrs. Ernst H. Krelage, with Greeting, an Incomparabilis, not to which I never had any success while be overlooked. This js not an overly Beersheba, Kantara and several others tall daffodil, but one of breathtaking have flourished exceedingly. I still beauty with its large symmetrical flow­ hope to have some of the newer whites er of white- smooth as Carrara marble, some day. with a perfectly flat perianth. When I had always thought Kantara a trifle a day or so old, the perianth slightly short-stemmed for the size of the flow­ reflexes, after the manner of Folly. A er but this year the stems were tall rare addition to any collection. enough and a clump of 50 or more of Last of all is a precious small thing, the great white flowers was a sight to Acolyte, which gives an impression of see, even if the individual blooms did Triandus blood. A late bloomer of not have Beersheba's smoothness. charm and appeal to critical observers In spite of extremes of temperature, that can surely take a place along with several people here have had fair suc­ that other small beauty, Beryl. cess with old Double White, but in MRS. WILLIAM H. BENNERS. every instance with which I am ac­ quainted the bulbs are planted in situa­ Daffodils in N ew Hampshire tions where the soil never dries out It isn't very profitable to try to raise completely. haphazard daffodil seedlings, except as Daphne is supposed to be more de­ a matter of satisfying one's curiosity. pendable. It is an attractive little flow­ There is a chance, but it is a very er very white, except if- I remember small chance, that a marvel may appear rightly, for a slight touch of yellow at in a group of casual seedlings. In all the base of the petals. It is not so 382 THE ATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946 double as alba plena odorata and is var. flore pleNa- combined with SllOW­ smaller and slighter in its whole effect. flakes. an unknown white tazetta and A neighbor brought me fo ur fl owers green and white foli age of a saxifrage from one clump that showed doubling in an oval white container. in an interesting way. One had two A n arrangement of peach colored poeticus crowns set one upon the other, fl owering quince and white daffodils and a few extra segments in the peri­ in a flat grey bowl with a peach lining. anth. Two had the two crowns and An arrangement of white daffodils extra segments from the center grew suitable for a dining room table in a 111 different arrangements, petaloid diamond shaped container with a green parts. In the fo urth, one crown was lining. still visible, but the fl ower approached A. n arrangement of purple and green alba plena odorata much more nearly Lenten roses w' ith foliage of EuonY1'n,u.s in the number of perianth segments. jap0l'lica in a purple container. RACHEL CAUGHEY, An arrangement of Tbblipa chw'ono Antrim , N . H. and red bud in a pale green container. ELEANOR HILL. Postscript frol'i'L the Tulsa. Exhibit An arrangement ot Lovenest and f)a.ffudils ill Virgillia PrUHUS pissardii in an upright Chinese Among the pleasant recollections of (brown) bronze container. 111y childhood is one of gay daffodils An arrangement of masses of O range against an old gray fence with lilacs Queen and the foliage of barberry and nearby. That was perhaps why, when Photi'l'lia serndata in an oblong copper there was a chance fo r a garden ot my container. own, it was planned with a narrow An arrangement of White Lady and border just fo r daffodils against a split­ own foliage to imitate a clump 1n a rail hi ckory fe nce with lilacs, purple green Celadon container. and white in the background. An arrangement of g'racilis var. My first treasures planted there were tennoir with own foliage in white Pek­ the old vari eties given by friends from ing glass. thei r gardens or gotten from deserted A crescent shaped arrangement of places, the double Von Sion, Butter wild currant, St. Egwin and a few yel­ and Eggs, Codlins and Cream, alba low incomps with red rims to empha­ plena odorata, Early Vi rginia, the size the red rims of the currant blos­ white Swan's Neck, an unknown In­ soms in a pale g,een, gondola shaped comparabilis, the Poet's narcissus, a con tai ner. creamy fl owered Tazetta, Campernelle An arrangement of forsythia bend­ and biflor'us. A ll of these with the ex­ ing sharply to the right with masses of ception of the Tazetta and alba plena Jonquilla simplex to the left and above odorata, which has never bloomed. in an oval aquamarine bowl. The ma­ liked their new home and they or their terial was combined because of the offspring have bloomed there for twen­ si milarity of shape of the daffodil ty-five years. It is true that in some blooms and forsythia blooms. The de­ years, this being one, they have shown sign was suggested by a garden scene a tendency to sulk, quarters having be­ near a small forsythia during a high come too crowded or perhaps food too wind. scanty, and bloom was scattering. Arching stems of S pi1'ea, p'runifolio Our home is in the woods so in or- Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 383

.(

Robert L. Ta3,ior [See paye 384] Narciss'us, lYlary Copelmld cler to get the sun, we made the garden five yards away and branched high. The on its edge, open to the East and South. four middle beds of the garden, 18 by The trees on the other side are twenty- 30 feet each, are planted with mixed 384 TH:g NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946 perennials and annuals and here, as Again when moving day came they were added, the newer varieties around, the poeticus and tazetta were of narcissus were placed, just back of transferred to the wild flower section the edging of thyme, verbena, pinks and in the woods outside the grass plot nepeta. At planting time phosphate where under mountain laurel and other was worked into the soil under the native shrubs they have shown greater bulbs and another application given increase than ever before. after the blooming season. In addition Hereafter, since I cannot bring my­ they got the benefit of a rich compost self to throwaway a bulb, the increase twice a year. will have to go there, and it will be a The iris did not seem to like such case of the survival of the fittest in the mixed company. They tried to monop­ shade. Yet, perhaps not. It may be olize the borders and another spot had that until the end of time· I shall be to be found for them. Outside the gar­ ever searching for just the spot that den, on the west nearer the house the each variety likes best, knowing that woods are rather open with only a few the effort required will be but a small large trees and some dogwoods and price to pay for the jt'y their spring . . gradually the overflow iris were plant­ sunnmess gIves. ed there where they and I fancied they GRACE LEAR YOUNG. could have undisputed possession. Hebron, Va. Of course daffodils increase also and soon they, too, needed a new place. A Narcissus, Mary Copeland (See page few were planted among the iris as I 383) told myself consolingly, 'the foliage will From the beginning of gardening, it die before the iris bloom.' It did no is probable that there have been two such thing, but during the past season school-s of thought in regard to double nowhere was the bloom of narcissus so flowers. By the mere process of eaves­ profuse or the cups so brilliant. There, dropping, one is often able to catch in addition to the phosphate, ground an opinion that might not have been limestone is scattered every few years • given in answer to a direct question. and wood ashes each spring. Now In daffodil shows, therefore, the edi­ more bulbs have been dug in back of tor has listened in on the fulminations an edging of blue and white l1-is tector­ of those who are against doubles as U1% under whose drooping leaves their well as the arguments of those who dying foliage can be hidden. like them. The delicate line of prefer­ The Poet's narcissus and some oth­ ence seems to be as to whether the es­ ers, notably White Nile, Mystic. Sil­ sential form of the flower is destroyed ver Salver and John Evelyn had not or not and even those who admit a lik­ done well in the 'sunny garden' and ing for doubles seem to prefer the va­ they along with Mrs. Backhouse, riety in which the basic pattern is not Beersheba, in fact all the white trum­ lost. pets, were moved to a semi-shaded bor­ For all such one may recommend der that edges a grass plot on the west Mary Copeland, which has an almost side of the house. With the exception camellia-like form. For purest color­ of E elyn who likes nothing done for ing in the vestiges of the cup, one must him, and though increasing refuses to have sufficient moisture and a slow bloom, all did' well. season. The blooming period is late. Lily Notes

G. L. SLATE, Editor

The Pl'otection of Lilies Against ll1g more important under the prevail­ D(]!Inping Off* ing conditions. , Results are expressed Damping-off of lily seedlings is often as relative numbers of plants which severe, the dis~ase sometimes killing lived, the same numbers of seeds hav­ most of them. if no attempt is made to ing been sown with all treatments. protect them. George L. Slate in his Fi~al stands were more improved by "Lilies for American Gardens" sug­ ce:tall1 seed treatments than by any gests that the surface of the soil be SOIl treatment. Best results were I::>o-iven well dusted with copper carbonate be­ by seed treatment with Thiosan Seme- fore seedlings emerge or about two san arid Arasan, with the nU1~bers of weeks after seeding. He is speaking, plants which lived increased as com­ of course, of those species which germi­ pared to the check, by 37, 25 ~nd 22 nate promptly and send up a cotyledon per cent respectively. None of these soon followed by a true leaf. treatments retarded growth, and green weights per plant four months after But copper carbonate is known to seeding were greater by 8 or 13 per be less effective against damping-off cent with Thiosan or Arasan than in caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia than the check. by that caused by Pythium and but lit­ Seed treatments with Fermate, Sper­ tle use is now made of copper carbonate gO.n, Phygon, Phygon-talc (1: 1) and for the similar protection of other red copper oxide were all less effective plants. They are more often protected or failed to improve stands and plants by seed or soil treatments with other grown from seeds treated with Phygon fungicides, including some relatively and red copper oxide were smaller new organic materials. Examples of less by 44 or 55 per cent, such are Phygon' (2, 3-dichloro 1, 4- weigh~d tha~ those 111 the check. naphthoquinone), S per g 0 n (tetra­ Treated seeds carri@d as much of the chloro-parabenzoquinone) , ,F e r mat e fungicide as would adhere after they (ferric dimethyldithiocarbamate), Thi­ had been shaken in a covered jar with osen and Arasen (tetramethylthiuram­ the chemical, the excess of the latter disulfide, with and witbout a wetting being then removed by screening. Some agent) . of the fungicides may thus have been The writer has recently compared applied too heavily and to the detri­ some old and new methods, using the ment

Fenmite 0.8 gm. Other treatments a foundation of soil, a method suggest­ compared were formaldehyde one tea­ ed· by Stoutmeyer and co-workers spoonful per gallon of water, one quart (U.S.D.A. Leaflet No. 243). An ap­ per square foot, or vinegar 215 cc. in plication of potassium nitrate and su­ one quart of water per square foot of perphosphate, one teaspoonful of each soil applied immediately after seeding. in one gallon of water, was made im­ N one of these soil treatments result­ mediately after seeding. N umbers of ed in improved stands of seedlings and plants which li ved were no greater than vinegar, potassium dichromate and sali­ in the check. But this method resulted cylic acid had an unfavorable effect on in the largest plants, green weights per germination or subsequent growth. plant fo ur months after seeding being Fermate was no more effective than it 67 per cent greater than in soil with­ was as a seed treatment. Green weights out sphagnum and without added nutri­ were increased 30 per cent by formal­ ents. dehyde but numbers of plants which It is possible that quite different re­ li ved were not affected. Copper car­ sults would have been obtained had the bonate appli ed to the soil two week~ writer used seeds of a species such as after seeding fa iled to improve stands. Lilimn Q.uratum , the seedlings of which probably partly because that is too late make no above-ground growth until the to prevent all pre-emergence damping­ second spring. But the indications were off . Growth of plants was improved by that to prevent damping-off of species sodium nitrite but 15 per cent fewer such as L. regale which make leaf plants li ved with it than without it. growth the first season, seeds should In one case, using the method of be treated with Thiosan or Arasan, i.e., Dunlap (Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bu!. tetramethy I thi uramd isulfi de. 380), seeds were sowed in sand which had been washed with hot water. Po­ CORRECTION: LILIES FROM tassium nitrate, 2.5 gm. in one pint of SEED water per square foot , was applied to In the January 1946 issue of the it immediately after seeding. Final magazine, on page 73 , there was omit­ stands were less good than those ob­ ted one entire line from Dr. Slate's ar­ tained with treated seeds sown in soil ticle. If you will be good enough to and the seedlings, remaining too long insert in the left hand column, after in the sand, were much small than those the word soil in the 30th line from the in soil. top of the page the fo llowing: "Mice Seeds were also sowed on a one-inch sometim es raid the flats and riestT(),Y layer of screened sphagnum moss over many bulhs dmilJR tl1f' wintrr." Cactus and Succulents

VI. TAYLOR MARSHALL, Editor

My Stay-at-Home Fn: e11ds me in." It, and the other species men­ In the last fifteen years about 1,200 tioned in this article are to be enjoyed friends have visited me and of these only in their habitats, well repayino- a . . e 1,100 liked my home so well that they VlSlt but intol·erant of transplanting. stayed with me and I can visit with F erocactus vVislizen:ii, one of the them daily. Others did not like the barrel cacti, next attracts our atten­ climate of Los Angeles and departed tion. At home in Arizona, New Mex­ but they are still at home in Arizona, ico, Texas and northern Mexico it is Mexico, Central and South America an outstanding feature of the desert and the West Indies and I can visit lands it inhabits, providing the travel­ them in their homes to renew old ac­ ler with his direction and, il1 dire emer­ quaintance. gency with water; direction because Just about this time each year the the head of the plant inclines to the urge to visit these friends returns and soutl:Jwest and water, speaking loosely, this year I decided to spend some time because when the top on the plant is with my stay-at-home friends in Ari­ removed, and the pulp crushed a quan­ zona. My trip covered the north rim tity of saline, mucilaginous, not too of the Grand Canyon, the Hopi, and palatable juice is obtained which is Laguna Indian villages, the Painted c~pable of sustaining life in emergen­ Desert, the Navajo country, the Petri­ Cles. fied Forest, White Mountains and Salt The're are about 2S species of barrel River Canyon and Valley. cacti only six or eight of which take The first "stay-at-home" I encoun­ tered was Echinocereus 1nojavensis kindly to cultivation and these we will discuss in a later article. It can be as­ Eng. who had donned a vivid cloak of sumed that plants from a strictly desert bright red flowers for my visit. This region will not reestablish in a garden small cactus is found on the Mojave though sometimes they will Ii ve with­ and Colorado Deserts of California and out rerooting, on stored food, for from in northern Arizona where it merges into Echinoceretts coccineus which dif­ three to five )'ears. fers from the first species 'only in its The Giant Cactus, Carnegiea gigan­ more numerous heads and more con­ tea (Eng.) B. ~ R., is another plant to torted spines, and finally in the Petri­ be visited in its home but unsuited to fied Forest into Echinocereus triglo­ cultivation. Seedlings, nursery grown, ch1:diatus Eng. which there exactly re­ do as well as can be expected of a sembles the first two except that it plant that attains maturity in two hun­ lacks a central spine. Flowers on all dred years but few of us will live to see species are identical. our seedling flower. These species, or rather this varia­ The Indian name for the giant cactus ble species, is most attractive as seen is saguaro and under this name it is in its dry habitat but does ' not take known in Arizona where it is the state kindly to cultivation. It is possible that flower. So important is the saguaro to its theme song may be "Don't fence the Indians that their year begins at [387) 388 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

EchinoCC1'eus mo/aVel1S1S va'r. h'iglochidiatus

Ferocactus Wislizenii Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 389

George Orand [See page 387 ] C ar11 eg'iea g'igantea 390 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946 the fruiting season, when a celebration eter of 22 inches and a weight of 60 is held after the gathering of the crop. to 125 pounds and this tuber is the The juicy red fruits are eaten raw or principal water storage organ of the cooked into a preserve which is stored 'plant. in clay vessels for use throughout the From the underground tuber the year. From this syrup an intoxicating plant sends up weak, 4 to 5 angled beverage is also made, and even the stems, seldom more than an inch in seeds are dried and saved for winter diameter but sometimes 9 feet high. use, when they are ground on a metate The stems are so weak that they must into a paste from which cakes are made. depend 011 the support of a tree or Although a large saguaro may attain shrub to carry them and are therefore a height of forty or fifty feet and with found only under a desert shrub or its branches weigh six to seven tons or tree. In Arizona the plants flower from more it is not deep rooted but depends June 12 to June 16th, usually all of for support on surface roots racli~ting the plants in one district flowering the like the spokes of a wheel for fifty to same night and it is then that they can sixty feet in every direction. The mas­ be located by the strong perfume of the sive stems are composed of watery tis­ large, night-blooming, white flowers. sue, braced by a framework of rods A few instances have been recorded parallel to each other and united at in­ of a small tuber that has been reestab­ tervals into a hollow circle. After a lished in cultivation but most of the plant dies these rods remain and they plants removed from their desert home are used by the Papago Indians in the die within a short time after ren~oval. constr'uction of their houses. Desert P enioce1 o ettS G1 o eggi'i is, therefore, a woodpeckers hollow homes in the soft plant to be visited in its home and not flesh of the stems but the plant walls one for home cultivation. off the cavity with scar tissue which Arizona has wisely enacted a law hardens and forms shoe-shaped nests prohibiting the removal of any desert which are later preempted by owls and plant except under permit and permits other birds. are granted for collection of plants for Botanists studying the growth of the scientific purposes with a restriction saguaro have found that only those that plants so collected must not be seeds which germinate in the protection taken within a reasonable distance of of shrubs survive and that for the first the highways and that certain species two years the growth in nature is about which are becoming rare can never be ,y,; inch, in 8 to 10 years the young collected. The law goes further and plant attains a size of four inches and prohibits the transportation of desert attains to three feet in thirty years. It plants except under permit as above first begins to branch at 15 feet and noted. from then on the maximum growth is If you would meet these friends of 4 inches a year. mine you must come to their homes to Saguaros are bold and outstanding visit them as I do at frequent intervals. but our next "stay-at-home" is most If you cultivate their acquaintance un­ retiring, and can seldom be found when der their home conditions you will ap­ not in flower. Peniocereus Greggii preciate them the more and be assured (Eng,) B .&R. has a very large root that a desert visit is good for the soul. tuber which sometimes attains a diam- \fy. TAY LOR MARSHALL. Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 391

George Oland [See page 390] Peniocereus G1'eggii

Colletia cru,ciata Gill and Hooker U nite'ci States about the method of Recent inquiries have been receiver prrpagation to be used for C olletia from widely separated parts of the cruciata. Sometimes such inquiries re- 392 THE NATIONAL HORTICUL:'fURA!i,MAGAZINE Oct., 1946 fe r to the pl~qt l1~W .unde t#s prop~~ .;·· Th~ illu stf~'!'~on shows a portion of a name somet111il 'eS' ' It IS caH&l Colletta plant 111 the garden of PhIl. Daubner of hOrT/da Hort. j'nd again it is spoken oE Los Angeles from which seeds and as the "Crucifixion Thorn." seedlings have been generously dis- It is a branching shrub or small tree tributed for a number of years and this in California, reaching a'height of eight plant is the source of all Colletia cru­ to ten feet, although it IS reported ,not ciMa in western collections as far as I to exceed 'four feet in its native Uru- know. guay, gray green in color the branches The use of the' name crucifixion flattened aIad bearing large, triangular thorn as applied to C olletia c1'uciata is spines and a few, small , elliptic leaves. manifestly inaccurate as this Uruguay­ The small white fl.,oweFs are borne on an plant was unknown in Asia or short pedicils at the ba~eQf the spines Europe till the sixteenth century. The and are followed by thre e::: l~be d , three­ true crucifixion thorn is a member of celled, capsular fruit. Seedlings are the Rhamnaceae although it is not cer­ bright green and re~$~.mble a small tainly known if Zizyphus Spina-Christi cypress. or Paliurus Spina-Christi was the ex­ C olletia is a member of the very in­ act species. teresting Buckt11bfn family (Rhamna­ W. TAYLOR MARSHALL. ceae) which is well represented in the United States where several species of E piphyllu1110 c1'enatu111. (Lindley) the genus Rhamnus are valued as orna­ G. Don. mentals and one species, Rha'/!I'Ln'us Pur­ In the April issue W. Taylor Mar­ shialna DC, produces Cascara sagrada shall indicated the great variety of Or­ bark used extensively in drug manu­ chid Cacti now available and showed facture while an Asiatic species Ziz'y­ that these forms were produced by phus jujuba Lam. produces the fl avor­ crossing a species in the sub-tribe ing j uj ube. C olletia, however, is a tropi­ Epiphyllanae with other species in the cal genus and its species require gla.ss Cactaceae. In son~ ways the Epiphyl­ house care except in the sub-tropical lanae are dominant, particularly in districts of ;F10rida, Texas and Cali- form, so that the whole group of Or­ fo rnia. • . chid Cacti has the fl attened, leaf-like C olletia cru.ciata cin best be propa­ stems inherited from them, rather than gated from seeds alth6ltgh special meth­ from the other species of Cacti which ods are advisable because the seedlings have been used in breeding. Three spe­ grow a long, thread-li,ke tap root, which cies within the Epiphyllanae have is easily broken in transplanting and, largely co ntributed the main character­ if broken the plant will not survive . . istics, if not the great diversity, of the We usually plant our seeds in small group : N opa'!xochia phylla-nthoides pots, one or two to a pot, which can be' , (The German Empress), N opalxochia broken for the removal of the seedlinK Ack ~t,m(m11ii and Epiphyllum cre­ fo r transplanting or, better yet, in # 1 natum. tins or soup cans which can be planted N umerous hybrids show symptoms with the seedlings and allowed ·to rust of having E . C'r(!1wtu1l'l· as one of their away in the ground. parents and a detailed d.escription of Not to exceed 5 % of cuttings have this species is, therefore, of general in­ been rooted wlien attempted in base terest to the collector of Orchid Cacti,. : heated beds but none have rooted with­ In addition E . crenatuwf, is a beautiful out bottom heat. plant with a character all its own, and Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL yIAGAZINE 393

Scott Hazelton LSee page 391 ] Colle tia c?,u,ciata

well adapted to greenhouse or living some Mexican species of Epiphyllu1'1l room culture. and wrote: "E. c?'enaf.WI11, is another T. Mac Dougall (Cactus and Suc­ species that seems to appear in most culent Journal, p. 149, 1945) described lists. It is rather widely spread in 394 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE "Oct. , 1946

Figs. 1 a1'bd 2. Flower of Epiphylltbm crenatu11't (Lindley) G. Don. ": Side view of flower showing long tube and cup-shaped limb.

somewhat scattered groups, on higher branches often bearing hairs or small altitudes of Oaxaca and Chiapas. These bristles; flowers very fragrant, rather show .much variation and perhaps COll­ large, limb 10-12 cm. broad, cream col­ .$ist 6f several closely related species. ored to greenish yellow, tube 10-12 In any case systematic study is need­ cm. long, slender, bearing linear scales edY This variation will probably prove 2-3 cm. long; inner perianth segments still greater when types from other oblanceolate, 6 cm. long; filaments yel­ areas like Guatemala and the type lo­ low; stamens white; stigma lobes nar­ cality, Honduras are included in the row, ovary scaly, some of the scales 2 study. cm. long, spreading." The species has been in cultivation To this description Berger in Kak­ for a long time (it was first described teen 104. 1929, added the following by Lindley in 1844), and we do not points, quoted in translation from the know how often new, wild plants were Epiphyllum Handbook, Haselton 1946: introduced nor of what types the intro­ "notches below areoles are rounded, - ductions included. The fact is tInt tube reddish toward top, outer perianth most plants in cultivation under the segments broad lineas, greenish-yellow; name of E. C1'enatU711. do not conform in inner ones spatulate, white or cream every detail to the original botanical colored: - ·style and 8 lobed stigma descriptions. The most concise of these white." Berger calls the color of the descriptions is probably the one of joints "gray-green" which is not ex­ Britton and Rose in Cactaceae IV. actly in agreement with Britton and 1923 which follows: Rose's "Glaucous" but the color of cac­ Old stems woody and terete. tus plants is so variable that it is doubt­ branches glaucous, often rooting at the ful if it should be mentioned at all in . tips, rather stiff, 2-3 cm. broad, obtuse, formal descriptions, except in special erect at least at first, witb large, deep cases. crenatiolls, cuneate at base, the midrib The plant in my possession, from thick; areoles at base of stem and which the accompanying photographs Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 395

of the plant and this side branch pro­ duces another side branch in the same manner; joints of triangular cross-sec­ tion are rare but do occur ; the fl owers require 7 to 8 weeks to develop from the time the tiny green buds appear in the areoles and then open at dusk and remain open for about two days; in the east the plant blooms in April but in Califo rnia it is reported to be a late summer bloomer. A characteristic of the flower which is rarely mentioned i's the shape of the inner petals which are often pointed, because the ends are slightly pinched as can be noted in the photograph, a feature that is often inherited by its hybrids. Another feature is the slow development of the fruit. If the fl ower is pollinated, the ovary remains in the condition shown on page 395 for more Fig. 3. Flower after withering. than a month before it swells and grows. This is in definite contrast to were taken. is , without doubt. EfJ iplzyl­ other species . fo r in stance N opalxochia lum crenatum as determined hy the phyllanthoides, in which the ovary be­ shape of its joints and by the color, size gins to grow illl1llecliat ely after the wilt­ and structure of its flow ers. yet this ing of the fl ower. For still more details plant differs in some important char­ of the fl ower the pictures may be con­ acteristics from the two classical de­ sulted. It is hoped that they may stim­ scriptions cited. The scales on the tube ulate other castus and plant lovers to acquire a specimen of this Epiphyllum, do not reach more than 2 cm. (B. & R. which is easily raised and of fine 2-3 cm.) ; on the ovary they do not ex­ beauty. ceed 0.6 cm. (B. & R. 2 cm. ); the joints are 3-4 cm. broad (B. & R. 2-3 E . C. ROOSEN-RuNGE, M.D. cm.), these measurements were made from areole to areole and, therefore, do Qu.?' Garden not give the maximum width; no bris­ About 1927 my wife and I arrived tles or hairs are found in the areoles; in Southern California from Oregon 9 to 10 sti gma lobes are fo und instead and, like all newcomers to this State of of 8 as noted by Berger. Additional sunshin e and fl owers, we spent most characteristics, which may well be add­ of our time for the next several vears ed to cl ear the way for a more sys­ travelling throughout the Southland. tematic study of the species, are: The Naturally on our trips we came in con­ plant branches according to a fairly tact with the desert and thus came to definite pattern, each branch produces know cactus at close hand. These one side branch from one of its lowest strange desert plants and their exotic areoles, usually away frol11 the center flowers intrigued both my wife and 396 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

myself and soon we had collected and Edit01"S note. bought some of these plants and start­ Generosity has always been the out­ ed a small cactus garden. standing virtue of the true cactophile In the next two or three years our and the Rushes live up to the best tra­ garden grew to forty or more species. ditions and cuttings and plants from In 1935 we bought a home and the their garden are to be found in many first thing we did was to move our private gardens throughout the United plants and start a larger cactus garden States. In their case the collections at the new home. During this year we they have made of special genera in the became acquainted with one or two Cactaceae and Crassulaceae have been nurseries which specialized in succu­ so thoroughly done that the representa- . lent plants and our collecti·on com­ tion includes many species not found in menced to grow, a growth which has other collections, therefore they have continued for the intervening years un­ been able and glad to contribute speci­ til at present we have increased our mens to many of the botanists in xero­ collection until more than half of our phytic plants at several of our univer­ yard has been taken into our cactus s) ties, thereby mater.i~lly assisting the garden. work of those botanISts. The soil of our new home was not For this reason I felt that a story of very good so we decided to do some­ their garden would prove interesting thing about it, we brought in rocks and and instructive and I asked Homer to after building walls from six to twelve prepare an article for me. The result, inches high around the different beds. which is here presented is notable only we bought good garden soil to fill them in what it does not say. Homer Rush and in this way we attained good drain­ has specialized in the genera Rhipsalis age and a soil that dried out readily. and Gymnocalycium in the Cactaceae ~n the process of building up our and has acquired outstanding collec­ garden we discovered that many of our tions of both genera. He is president plants did not enjoy the full sunlight, of the Los Angeles Cactus and Succu­ of which we have a great deal, so we lent Society, q. group of students who bullt a sfnall lath house, this was fol­ meet monthly to study the morphology lowed: 'b:ya ~lasshouse eight by eighteen and taxonomy of succulent plants. He feet r 'in lsiz{ ' is also a member of the Executive Board of the Cactus and Succulent So­ Since the building of the first lath ciety of America. house we have found it advantageous to put in more lath until about half of Ethel Rush is a collector of the Se­ our garden is so covered. All this doideae and plants from her collection building was work, but it never seemed have been described in the works of to bother my wife or me as there was several botanists. She is the Recording always something new either in plant Secretary of The Cactus and Succulent or fiQ;wer, to keep our original interest Society of America and a gracious on the increase and we find that, though hostess to the numerous cactus clubs the building program seems to have of Southern California, one or more finally reached completion, we can al­ of which meet at her home each month. ways find enough study · or work in our garden to keep alive our intense in­ Recreation Patrk, Long Beach, Calif· terest in succulent plants. In March of 1933 an interested H.G. RUSH. group of amateur Cactus and Succu- -Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 397.

f".. .. ,..... , -v--.~--- -~-.

HQ1!ner Rush inspects the bed of Canary Island Aeoniu111s.

H 0111er and Ethel at the entmnce to the cactus garden. Since the picture ~va s taken the hedge in the backg1'ound has been replaced by a sightly wire fence. 398 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

Rec1'eation Pa1'k, L01~g Beach, Calif. lent collectors was organized, the Long proposed garden, with ample drainage Beach Cactus Club, under the very built in and then the rest of the garden able direction of Mr. Jack Kleinke. was laid out and the walks and beds President Kleinke was endowed with were built, this labor was all done by one idea, that the City of Long Beach the Garden Committee and volunteer should have in one of their Parks a labor of the Club membership. representative Cactus Garden. Follow­ By this time many persons who had ing his suggestions the Long Beach Cactus and other Succulent collections Cactus Club decided to attempt to had heard of this undertaking and, like build such a specimen garden. A num­ all true enthusiasts, gave many fine ber of locations were considered but plants to the Garden. Many of the the site chosen was Recreation Park, donations were collected plants and in a plot made available by the Long some of them quite large. A number Beach Park Department. of large plants of Cereus took days to This part of the Park at that time move into place because of their size. was overgrown with weeds and the At this time two years had elapsed adobe ground was at least as hard as and the Specimen Garden was begin­ granite but this had no effect upon ning to take shape and the Club had this ambitious group. The ground was elected as their President Mr. J. F. broken with a team and p10w and a Kaufman, who had always been an ac­ large mound was built at one end of the tive advocate. of the Garden. and with Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 399 renewed vigor the work went ahead ization which has seldom had a mem­ for the next year under his direction. bership of over forty it has been really There was always work to be done some job and the Club may well be and plants to pick up from donors but proud of its accomplishments. it seemed that there was always some­ HOMER RUSH. one with time to spare who was will­ ing and anxious to do the job. One S ,u,cculents in C incin11ati large donation of Aloes and Yuccas Irwin M. Krohn has made a hobby was made by the Huntington Botanical of his job as President of the Cincin­ Gardens through the kindness of its nati Park Board and is keenly ,aware Director, Mr. William Hertrich, and of the trend of popularity in plant life. Mr. Yale Dawson donated many of the It is, therefore, understandable that in plants which he collected in Lower 1938 he realized the growing popular­ California, including many large speci­ ity of Succulent Plants and planned a mens. suitable house in which these interest­ By the end of Mr. Kaufman's term ing specimens could be grown for the as President the Garden was well along admiration of plant lovers in southern towards completion and Mr. "Andy" Ohio's metropoli s, Anderson took over the Presidency. At that time the conservatory in Under his direction the finishing Eden Park consisted of a foyer, a palm touches of planting was"'p rought to a house extending eastward, a fern house climax and by the end of his second as a northern extension and the show term, was practically complete except room, extending southward. In this for a base upon which a bronze plaque show room the Cactus Show in connec­ was to be mounted. This base is a fin e tion with the Second Biennial Conven­ specimen of the stonemasons art, built tion of the Cactus and Succulent So­ of specimens of rocks and minerals col­ ciety of America will be hetd on June ~ected by some of the members, who 28, 1947. A new extension, 45 by 7S were also minerologists. feet with a center height of 2S feet, was The final scene in this story was built to be known as the "Cactus enacted at 2.00 P. M ., June 12th, 1938, House." at which time the Officers and the The new wing was completed and Board of Directors of the Long Beach dedicated on November 4th, 1939 with Cactus Club officially turned the Speci­ Lad. Cutak of the Missouri Botanical men Garden over to a group of City Garden as the principal speaker. Sev­ Officials representing the City of Long eral hundred specimens of Cacti and Beach. At this time the dedicatory the other succulents had been assem­ plaque was unveiled and the Garden bled from all over the world and plant­ became the property of the City to be ed in an artistic setting. For the bene­ maintained permanently as a feature of fit of students the plants are catalogued the Park. and numbered and a 32-page Catalogue Since the war's finish there is again Guide was printed. some activity in the Cactus Club with A kidney-shaped island in the center a program being outlined to add a of the house has a specimen of Echino­ large new section to the Specimen Gar­ cactus G'ruoSoni Hildm. as the focal den which will feature particularly the point as illustrated on page 401. Oppo­ other Succulents. site this is a mound of tufa rock in This may sound like a fairly simple which Mammillarias and other cacti feat to some of you but for an organ- and succulents are planted in natural 400 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

Opunt1:as and Aloes Carnegiea gigal1tea positions, then a section devoted to ers of some type are always available. large Opuntias and Aloes with lower Passing the display windows we growing turks caps and barrel cacti be­ come to a showing of Euphorbias low them (page 400). To the left, on which are to the African deserts what the island tall Cerei and Yuccas accent cacti are to the American deserts. These the planting (page 401). spurges have assumed almost all of the At the east end of the house a twelve familiar cactoid forms but lack the foot Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) B. large, colorful flowers of their Ameri­ & R. the Arizona giant cactus is sur­ can COUSI11S. rounded by plants of Nyctocereus ser­ Beyond an entrance to the propagat­ pentinus Lac. & Rod., the Queen of ing room Seclums, Aloes, 5tapeliads the Night, Pereskias, the leafy forms and other succulents occupy the re­ of cactus, Agaves, Yuccas and smaller maining space as illustrated on page specimens of Echinocerei. 401, looking back on the north wall<. The east end of the island features The Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio Cactus Opuntia bTa,lsiliensis (Willd.) Haw. Club take great pride in the Cactus and plants of Echinopsis and Ecllinov House in the Irwin H. Krohn Con­ sis hybrids. servatory in Eden Park in which they Beyond this three large plate glass had a share as consultants of the Park windows permit a view of the orchid Board and invite visitors to Cincinnati room where the orchids share honors to share with them the thrill of view­ with Bromeliads and the epiphytic cac­ ing its outstanding collection of ~uccti~ ti. Flowering plants are displayed in lent plants. these windows and so wide is the flow­ C. R. COLE. ering range of the epiphytes that flow- Cincinnati, Ohio. Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 401

Specimen of Echinocastus Grusoni.

Cerei and Yuccas.

Aloes Stapeliads

The hwin H. Krohn Conservat01'Y, EdenPG-1-k, Cincinnati, Ohio A 'B6ok or Two

M£no1' Elelll ents. Edited by Firman E . authority cited), a suggested transla­ Bear and Hermini"e B. Kitchen. The tion of the specific name, the symbol for Williams and \iVilkins Company, Bal­ British hardiness rating, the series, (and timore, Md. 189 pages. $2.00. at times subseries) to which the species This book is reprinted from the July belongs and a very brief and often in­ and August (1945) issues of Soil Sci­ adequate description. ence. It presents a symposium as to The preliminary pages are full of evidence and concepts on functions, de­ show doings with regular Chamber of ficiencies, and excesses of the so-called Commerce type pictures; a large chunk minor elements in plant and animal nu­ of Hardgroviana; a note on top-graft­ trition. The 21 papers were prepared ing out - of - doors (in Seattle, t his by recognized specialists and are to be time) ; brief reports from Mr. Seevers regarded as authoritative and the most in Kansas, Mr. Lee in the District of up-to-date summ,ary available. Columbia, two articles directed toward The minor elements considered, in­ garden design by Messrs. Otho and clude not only boron, manganese, zin c Holmdahl and a briefer note on Rho­ and copper but also aluminum, chlor­ dodendron occide11tale. ine, cobalt, nickel, fluorine, iron, mag­ There was presented as well a slen­ nesium, molybdenum, selenium, si li con, der bulletin, "Rhododendrons for Ama­ sodium and sulfur. An interesting teurs (price 25 cents) which should chapter discusses the occurrence of have been titled Rhododendrons for mineral nutritional diseases of plants Amateurs west of the Cascades. and animals in the United States. The role of plants as accumulators of minor The H aJ~ dbook of Rhododendrons. elements is described in another and Compiled and Published by The Ar­ is the basis for the recent use of seleni­ boretum Foundation, Seattle, \iVash ­ um in the control of certain insect ington. 198 pages, $5.00. pests. This presumably is a publication for It should be emphasized that the the clientele of The Arboretum Foun­ book is not a manual for the identifica­ elati on for there is nothing in the intro­ tion of minor element deficiency or tox­ duction that suggests that any oth('r icity symptoms nor are recommenda­ audience was intended. It is made up tions made as to their use. Intended generally of "a compilation, a bringi ng as a summary of critica1 research the together, with slight revision of some book is probably somewhat too techni­ of the key articles by a number of au­ cal for the average reader. thorities which have appeared in the NEIL W. STUART. Arboretum Bulletin over the past sev­ The Rhododend1'on Y ea1'book for 1946. eral years. Other important titles have Published by the American Rhodo­ been deliberately sought in order to dendron Society at Portland, Ore­ round out the subject matter." No gon, for its members. 176 pages, il­ Easterner, therefore, has any reason lustrated. for complaint, except that some of the The first 56 pages are devoted to ('important titles" are somewhat inade­ text, the balance is a copy of the Rho­ quate. dodendron Species List published by One wonders too, if by now the Brit­ The Rhododendron Association of ish aren't pretty weary of being copied Great Britain. This list gives what is and recopied. Their list of synonyms supposed to be the scientific name (no is not much account since no authority [402] Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 403 is given, either for the invalid name or perchance does not believe in romance. for the proper one. In addition to the descriptive notes The total lack of illustrations is the there are plant material lists and an ex­ most lamentable factor, because it is a cellent index . . little difficult to believe that everyone of the 700 purchasers of the first edi­ Succule1~t Plants. W. Taylor Marshall. tion will know what all the material Photography by Rupert Leach. Saw­ looks like. yer's Portland, Oregon, 1945. 114 pages, illustrated and accompanied Auratwms for Amateu1' Gardeners. Al­ by 20 Kodachrome reels. Price of wyne and Ralph Buckley. Privately book, 20 reels and View-Master printed, Esperanza Lily Gardens, $11.50; without the last item $10.00. Langley Prairie, British Columbia. As all our readers now know, there 24 pages, illustrated. $1.00. could be no better choice than our spe­ This is a very practical bulletin writ­ cial editor, Mr. Marshall, to write the ten by the people who have been solely text, and he has had splendid collabo­ concerned with the production of sound rators in furnishing material to be pho­ aU1'atum bull5s and who have found the tographed. way to do it for themselves and want The book begins with an Index to you to know as well. A longer and the View-Master Illustrations, of more detailed version is promised later. which more later. There follow sec­ Meantime, it will be to the advantage tions which cover in a brief fashion the of growers and would-be growers of important points that anyone should the Gold Banded Lily, here called the know in setting out to cultivate cacti Golden Rayed lily, which is much more and otl~er succulents. Then comes the poetic, to get this booklet and learn the main body of the book in which arc basic principles that have been put in­ discussed the Plant Orders which pro­ to it according to the experiences of vide the plants discussed under "Suc­ the growers. culents" which term, of cours€, in­ cludes the cacti. It is good reading. Old Sale1% Gardens. Published by the Moreover it is helpful in that it gives Salem Garden Club, Salem, Mass. the beginner suggestions as to. which 72 pages, illustrated with drawings. plants to try first with succinct direc­ At the 10th Anniversary Meeting of tions for their culture. There is a the Garden Club, in January 1938, pa­ good bibliography and a fine index. pers were read about Old Salem Gar­ The Kodachrome slides that come dens and from that felicitous idea and with the book are stunning. One feels happy occasion grew the material that the urge to set out at once toward a is now incorporated in the present new hobby, but perhaps also to move booklet. The reviewer likes the idea to the southwest where sun and shadow and the result, for even he can rec'all, add to beauty in a way that is not when there were old gardens here found elsewhere in this country. Buy where now one finds progress in the it by all means and find yourself lo st form of routine grass plots and second­ to another gardening delight. rate evergreens. Salem itself is a word G?'eenhouses. Vv. Wright. The to evoke recollections and it seems very J. Orange Judd Publishing Co., Inc., happy that the garden club should have New Yotk, 1946. 269 pages, illus­ managed a book in which historical ac­ trated. $2.50. curacy does not dim enthusiasm nor romantic flights weary the reader who The sub-title of this work, now in its 404 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

3rd edition reads, Their Construction it in all its parts, not forgetting the ex­ and Equipment. cellent directories of maufacturers giv­ It is a concise, practical treatise en on pages 304-310. which leaves nothing to the imagina­ tion. It is simply written, so that the Chrysanthe11lJ,ums. How We Grow layman will have no excuse for misun­ Them Out of Doors. By Members derstanding, if he really reads it. The of the Portland (Ore.) Chrysanthe­ first paragraph of chapter one, states mum Society and Others, 1946. 97 the field. "The purpose is ... to pre­ pages, illustrated. $1.50. sent such information regarding the lo­ This is the current revised edition of cation, adaptation, erection and equip­ a booklet that first appeared in 1942. ment of greenhouses as will enable the There are fourteen contributors. reader to decide upon the structure In general plan it follows the routine best suited to his needs, select the ma­ for any bulletin on the cultivation and terial needed, erect or supervise the use of a particular plant, but it has the erection, and to arrive at some conclu­ great advantage over the work of a sion as to the equipment most likely to single writer in the variety of styles render the service required." and diversity of approach. The culture as outlined is that which Spray Che1nicals and Application can be given by enthusiastic and zeal­ Equipment. J. A. McClintock and ous amateurs who bring their work to Wayne B. Fisher. The Greenlee professional level. There is no discus­ Company, Chicago, II!., in collabora­ sion of commercial production. tion with The Waddell Printing Co., The advice is sound and simply pre­ La Grange, Indiana, 1945. 320 sented and can be applied basically pages, illustrated. $4.50 postpaid. anywhere. The point of view and pro­ This book may have many virtues, cedures as such will be applicable on but the one that seems outstanding to the Atlantic seaboard only south of the reviewer is the excellent organiza­ Norfolk, Virginia, around the Gulf and tion of the material which is presented in those states far enough south to al­ with such clear headings and sub-head­ Iowan economical use of late-maturing ings that it would seem impossible to varieties and cloth shelters. There is fall into error. no discussion of small-flowered chrys­ It is a book about sprays and spray anthemums as they would be grown in equipment, using the term spray in its the cold states and only large flowered widest sense. It is not a book about types are illustrated. plants, plant diseases or insects, al­ though all of these are mentioned. It is The S eed Trade Industry. Edgar J. really a compendium to teach you what Clissold. Bellman Publishing Co., is available, what each material is capa­ Inc., Boston, Mass., 1946. 48 pages, ble of doing and what apparatus are illustrated. $1.00. required. There. are numerous cita­ This is one of a "Series of 75 Voca­ tions of authority and/or source in the tional and Professional Monographs text and more references to the biblio­ that have become practically standard graphic list at the end of the volume. equipment wherever guidance and re­ On the dust cover, there is a list of habilitation activities are conducted the persons for whom it was written. ****" The amateur horticulturist stands third. There is presented on pages 7 and 8 He should be everlastingly grateful for an "Analytical Index of Occupations" Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 405 in the Seed Industry, for which brief South you will want to take it along­ elaborations are given in the following this thin octavo, stoutly bound, lying pages, which are almost "job descrip­ flat in your suitcase. Three para­ tions." The person who 'thinks he paragraphs, "description," "distinguish­ might like to go into the seed business' ing characters," and "general account," can quickly grasp the organization that the last chatty and undocumented, makes it what it is and come to a fair make quick cOlTlparisons easy when .decision as to whether or not he should naming any specimen at hand. A mas­ go further in his search. ter key, glossary, li st of references, and For our own readers there should index also increase its usefulness. The come a much more lively appreciation book would have been greatly im­ of what lies behind the catalogues from proved by attention to a more compact which they order their seeds or bulbs, arrangement of textual matter, running as well as various lists of addresses, around and rearranging the figures, references and the like, all of which thus reducing the number of pages and are pertinent. wedding the reading matter and illus­ trations. Also the figures are of in­ Native Trees of FlMida. Erdman West equal quality. The book's chief inade­ and Lillian E. Arnold. University quacy-and this is a personal taste­ of Florida Press, Gainesville, 1946. is the want of rich reading stuff, thick 212 pages, illustrated. $3.75. with facts about the backgrounds of Do you know gumbo-limbo? Milk­ the' arresting names that the trees have bark? Black Titi? Marlberry? Geiger­ acquired, the significance of their geo­ tree? Fiddlewood? You may have graphical distribution, and their life­ seen one or more of them without history, ethnic and folklore notabilia. knowing their names if you have win­ The botanical names, with more im­ tered in Florida, for they are subtropi­ portant synonyms. are given through­ cal trees that do not range north of out. But, after all, for a tree guide the peninsula. Now you will be pleased "the name's the thing," and from that to make room for this guide on your you can probe the references provided, shelf of tree books, illustrated as it is extending your acquaintance with an with clear outline drawings and a few unfamiliar treedom. photographs. And more, when you go JOSEPH EWAN. The Gardener's Pocketbook

Shrub notes from Tel1,nessee referring Unfortunately it enjoys moisture and to April 1946 Magazine hence does not make a good cover for Spirea Billiardi, a hybrid of S. Doug­ dry banks and the gradual blooming of lasii X salicifolia is especially effective the large panicles tends to give a period when' cut back each spring and top­ of seedy effect that is not too pleasing. dF~Ssed. with fertilizer. Actual cultiva­ C01'nus Alas which really makes a tion is, not needed as it will form dense lovely big specimen shrub-almost a thickets as does its close relative, S. small tree when given the space to de­ tomentosa in Eastern pastures. The velop-is far showier in flower than group varies in color from fuzzy white Benzoin aestivale which makes a misty to deep pink spires, prefers full sun, golden mi st in its thin thicket-like and is most effective when massed un­ growth in semi-shade. The earlier less fed and cut back as a specimen. winter-flowering shrubs, both jasmine 406 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946 and witch hazel, are far more affected pily or, at least, one can cut back three by alternations of hot and cold and the to four foot new growths and count on bloom rarely as colorful as when con­ the development of many branches and tinued cold holds them back enough to a thicker head. But this is just what give a real burst. In habit and use this Beauty Bush refuses to do. Nip a both, they are sufficiently good to rate new shoot and rarely does any new a place in tough, semi-shaded spots. In leader or even low branch develop for the Nashville, Tenn., zone both the that season. There may be new sprouts cydonias and forsythias putter along from the base or the bend of an old from Xmas until spring and only occa­ trunk but never in the expected spots. sionally give that gorgeous burst of col­ My 1938 plantings here in Nashville or that is taken as a matter of course exceed in size my 1930 one in New in New England. England: they are equally lovely, L01'opetalu'/'I'/, chinense. It was in the equally arching, and equally unamena­ warm winter of 1938 that I first dis­ ble to training. They withstand drought covered this delightful mound of white, to perfection, grow like weeds and even a mound much like but more full of self-sow and are so lovely that they bloom than the usual cotoneaster. I should be used in quantity BUT no immediately planted one near my ter­ such beautifully arching shrub is good race where I could enjoy its pleasant in a mass and its charming foliage has habit and almost evergreen foliage. My not quite the character for specimen reward a few scattered blooms of little use. effect until 1946 when after corttinued The Yellow wood or Shittamwood as cold it approximated the delightful pic­ it often is called here in its native Ten­ ture in the April issue. As Mr. Morri­ nessee is also arbitrary. Clean trunked. son suggests, like N eillia sinensis, it is clean foliaged, and beautiful in bloom surprising to find that it is not touted I planted it in Massachusetts for high­ as a novelty by some progressive nurs­ branched shade in 1930, in fact bought erymen. Both are far more satisfactory a ten to twelve foot specim~n with a than most of the hybrid philadelplus single trunk that died and for five and deutzia offerings. years I worked with the vigorous new Kolkwitzia amabilis and Cladrastis shoots to reduce them again to a single tinctoria are both lovely but have only trunk. At present the main branches one characteristic in common to my V out a few feet above ground, split at mind, they are unpredictable in thei r the slightest provocation but otherwise reaction to pruning. The Beauty Bush make a round-headed tree which I first planted in New England some blooms occasionally with long white eighteen years ago, as a novelty. After panicles. In Nashville, in 1938, I moved four or five years of apparently excel­ next a big native Yellow wood of clus­ lent growth it actually bloomed and tered trunks, the smooth beech-like now aspires to ten to twelve feet. That bark a joy among the warted trunks of is where my trouble began as I had hackberry and elm. Twice only has it not foreseen such height nor its ahso­ bloomed to perfection and then so free­ lute refusal to clothe itself to the Iy 'as to take all the strength from many ground. Its arching habit is lovely in of its main branches. It is slow to flow­ itself but even husky day lilies (not to er (as I found inN ew England) but consider lawn) refuse to thrive in its it is also most irregular and I have shade. Now, normally, a periodic cut­ hunted in vain for self-sown seedlings ting back will lower a shrub most hap- in the vicinity of the old tree. Tnci- Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 407 dentally the hunt was not made easier inches tall. Evidently Elliottia likes to by the similarity in bark and leaf of be let alone! the prolific common ash in the same MARY G. HENRY, vicinity. In fact I transplanted some Gladwyne, Pa. twenty hopefuls before I found the dif­ ference. This is a native, a rather rare Two Bl'ue Colu11'!bi17eS native-of Tennessee only. It is dis­ tinctive despite the fact that it blooms To me, the most beautiful Columbine with the equally drooping Black Locust is that of Colorado, Aquilegia caerulea. in this climate but its uncertainties of When you get it unadulterated, the habit do not permit use in important pure blue and wh ite combination is dis­ cities. tinct from all other blues in the genus. R. S. STURTEVANT. There is another blue Aquilegia of surpassing beauty, I have seen the fl ow­ Elliottia racemosa ers onl y from imported roots years ago. These few lines are intended as a This is A . gland'ulosa from the Altai postscript to a note I wrote about El­ Mountains in Siberia and I note that liottia racemosa and which was pub­ Bailey remarks "one of the handsom­ lished with two photographs in THE est" but it is not for average gardens NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGA­ for one would have to be located where ZINE, July 1941. ' A. caerulea is native. But oh, it is There are two nice specimens of El­ beautiful. If one studies the genus as liottia growing in my garden. They to habitat, it is found on all the Conti­ have been here fo r over ten years. Dur­ nents. I have never seen any of those ing that period we have had many cold from the Orient but these are said to spells. Practically every winter the have beauty yet I fear that here again thermometer falls below zero, F. They it will mean altitude much as our rarest have had no protectIOn of any kind and California lilies do. rarely, almost ne'ver has there been any E. O. ORPET, winter injury. Santa Barbara, Calif. One Elliottia was planted in my trial garden in a carefully prepared mixture Sanvitalia of black New Jersey peat and sand, in I tried S anvitalia for the first time imitation of that of its native habitat. and was very much pleased with it. I During this time it was carefully wa­ had put in a flagstone terrace with a tered and tended. After seven years it yew hedge on two sides. As it was was moved wi th a large ball to its pres­ very new the edges were too apparent ent situation and again planted in a so I planted the little zinnia-like flow­ congenial soil mixture in a sunny place, ers where they would fall over the near the base of my rock garden. stones. They were blossoming soon The other Elliottia was planted after being set out and they spread out promptly in a sheltered sunny spot in and did just what they were supposed untempered native Gladwyne clay, and to, covering the space left for the hedge even during dry spell s was never "... a­ to fill in time. teredo The blossoms are such cheerful saucy Although the latter was slow to get things and they can be used in small started, it is now thriving lustily and arrangements very well. is 7 feet 6 inches tall. The former RUTH A. STEPHENSON, plant, which was coddled, is 5 feet 10 New Haven, Conn. 408 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

Aralia spinosa oro and cow manure tea, I gave the plants no protection to ~orce the blooms This is the sort of tall shrub that one or while blooming. would scarcely think to order from a R. O. WORRELL, catalogue, and yet when the sultry last Mexico, Mo. days -of July settle down over the coun­ tryside, this near-tree puts out its great From the Nhdwest inflorescences of creamy white flowers, H orticultuml Society and takes on an almost exotic beauty. MaclunI! P011,/,ijem. On closer inspection these may have only the structural beauty that is al­ Mention of the Osage orange is al­ ways the wonder of all flower forms, ways good for an argument in any but who cares for such minutiae when company, Some will remember the the temperature is at 80° ? glossy foliage and the long rows of It has another time of beauty when trees serving as hedge and windbreak, its black berry-like fruits cover the others will remember the stout thorny same infl.orescences which have turned branches and the mean tears in flesh to crimson or reddish purple. and clothing they can inflict. In planting the tree, one must recall In early times the Osage orange that it makes bare, almost stark. single was the hedge plant that bordered pas­ trunks covered with stout prickles, and tures in the days before barbed wire. also that it does sucker and send up its A heavy row of these was sufficient stems where one does not want them. to turn cattle and other animals. These One must remember also that it can hedges were developed by thick plant­ well be planted in a mass of lower ing and then topping every few years shrubs above which it rises majestic­ so that a dense bushy plant was formed. ally, choosing if one may, shrubs with This was further aided by the habit a much finer foliage, to give contrast. of the plant to send up root shoots, In time these hedges were no longer Chrysanthe'l1l[,u,/'/'L, }.([issou,ri needed and the shoots grew and formed substantial windbreaks. I bought, traded and was given many The plant is hardy, and grows on different varieties of Chrysanthemums most soils. It makes an excellent tall for several years and in forty-three screen that is an attractive glossy bought several hardy 'mum plants from bright green even in severe droughts. Youdath's in Mentor, Ohio. These It is also a very protective screen as a have proved to be my pride and joy. row of these is well-nigh impenetra­ Their variety called Jewelry, an intro­ ble. This is advantageous for bird duction of their own, is the most beau­ life, and the conservation -of other ani­ tiful I have. A two-year-old plant (in mals. The thorny character and the fact six of them) lived through sub­ somewhat spreading h,abit of the root zero weather with no protection and shoots would suggest that this be used bloomed from late September throuO'h only on farms and large suburban areas the middle of November. It is a spr~y where some space can be given over to type ' wi th two-i nch cushion blossoms it. orchid in color and grew approximate~ ELDRED E. GREEN, Iy five feet high. At the top it was well over three feet in diameter, and it is a A cer platanoides S chwedleri prolific bloomer. All six plants re­ The red form of the Norway maple sponded well to lots of water and Vig- is not too often seen cOiTectly used to Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 409 be appreciated. While authorities have century the Ginkgo develops some low decried the use of colored foliage as spreading branches in addition to the being an overdone fad there are some tall spire of the trunk. The combina­ places and some exceptions. One of tion of spreading and spire habits is the best exceptions is Schwedler's ma­ unique and beautiful. ple. In the spring the red coloring of It is adaptable to soils and expo­ the foliage is striking. This later turns sures. It is also one of the best plants to a bronzy green, and then to a dark for city use as it can withstand crowd­ red as fall takes over. ing, poor soil, dirt, and all the other During the summer the bronze color elements of a city. Industrial and com­ is especially appealing in large plant­ mercial interests could well use many ing as parks, cemeteries, estates and as more of this proven plant. It is an as­ occasional specimens flanking street set to any planting and particularly so plantings of I the green type. When around buildings. used in this way the color break is es­ Many years ago this . species was pecially necessary as the regularity of widely planted in parts of Chicago. form might otherwise become monoto­ Today these are the outstanding speci­ nous. Properly the best use is as a mens in some of the most impossible foil or color break to avoid an excess situations where only weedy species of plain color. can exist. The plant is adapted to a wide range This is not a good shade tree but in of climate and a wide variety of soils. the home grounds the dark green leaf The form is prop'agated by grafting with the shape of the leaflets of Maid­ and so comma.nds a higher price, but a enhair fern is attractive, and the height relatively small number are needed. can be used to good landscape effect. Wherever large numbers of Norway ELDRED E. GREEN. maple are used a proportion should be in Schwedler's variety. For the End of the Y ear ELDRED E. GREEN. As the evergreens begin to take their special place in the autumn landscape, Gi1'bkgo biloba a place that is even lovelier than that The well known Maidenhair tree is which they will take over later in mid­ one of the plants that needs to be winter, one is often struck with the brought forward again and its uses thought that leaves on evergreens have pointed out. This tree as most know their life span just as do the deciduous is one of the very few plants not. leaves that are falling to make the new known from the Wild but solely as a brown cover for the woodland floor. sacred plant grown in Chinese tem­ Rhododendmn F ortunei hidden in a ples. It truly can be called a living bower of Kurume azaleas to safeguard fossil as its ancestors were widespread its first years, is dropping the leaves and seemingly identical with the pres­ that were formed last year, while those ent species. Horticulturally the Gink­ of R. maximum or even those of the go is a hardy tree of medium stature. small R. ovat~t1In seem to have a longer In youth the tree is spire-like. For as­ span. One wonders how long it must ,cending effect it can be used much be before the framework of Fortune's more advantageously than the forms rhododendron will bend down and cov­ of Poplar which are commoner and er the bare skeleton that is forming undesirable. After about a quarter with each year's new growth. 410 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

The azaleas are loosing . their lush slowly now, as the prelude for com­ leaves of summer growq., keeping only plete drop before the winter is over, those that lead up .to the. fat buds that quite the contrary of its appearance in promise flowers for th.e N ew Year the deep South. ahead. R. pou,khanense is quite bare In contrast the Japanese Styrax but Kaempfer's still wears almost its obassia is almost bare, the ground be­ full quota. R. 11t"~~C1'onatu111, and its sev­ neath it littered with its large leaves eral forms are duller than in summer that make the annual task of seed gath­ but the leaves still hold. The Kurumes ering a squirrel-like business of tossing show 'signs of autumn color on the old them about while one hunts for the leaves but not enough have fallen, even seeds that look so much like roasted on plants of such as Hinomayo, to sug­ coffee beans. The smooth-barked gest that they will be less lush by trunks remind one of the polished Spring. Only the true R. indicu,1n, still wood one sees in Japanese houses, pol­ better known as Azalea macrantha, ished, so one is told, only by rubbing holds all its load of shining leaves un­ with the human hand. touched as yet by the bronze and red This business of gathering seeds purple which will 'tint them later on. from one's trees and shrubs for send­ R. retic'ulatu111, is beginning. to show the ing hither and yon is something of bronze that will turn to dull red before which we should do more, and anyone all fall, but the as yet tiny plants of R. who woule! like a few seeds this year Tschonoskii which are supposed to or .next need only write the editor. His turn fine coIors mai,ntain the dull green trees came from one that once grew in of the summer ,months. Dr. Fairchild's Maryland home and Nearby, 'growing on the oaks, the have in turn been sent as seed to other various ivies are preparing for the win­ gardens. One need only plant the seen ter, slowed up after their autumn burst out of doors in the autumn and wait of growth, but no signs of pink have the germination in the Spring. After appeared as yet on the white margins the fi rst two years growth is very rap­ of the variegated sorts. The lovely al­ id. How far north it will be hardy is most white tips of 1J111a1'111LOrata stand out not known but it could be tried like clearly against the gray of oak bark, any other garden adventun~. and the clearly edged leaves of r710111- boidea variegata make a delicate tra­ Plant Exchange belongs to all good cery on the darker trunk of the red gardening and last Spring at the ur­ oak that bears them up. Elsewhere the gent behest of one member we tried to growths that were made in the end of start such a column. How much came summer show the length of that growth 'of it we shall never know, but requests by their srna'ller sizes, and one reminds did 110t continue to come in and so it himself that next year, without fail, he failed after the April issue. Should it must watch to see it when they begin to not be tried again? grow again they make a normal sized The time of leaf fall is also the best adult leaf. Or ·d0 l'hey? time in the garden to plan the orders Magnolia grandiflora, b e aut i f u I for shrubs and trees that may be need­ enough at any.. time, stands in full beau­ ed just as it is also the best time to ty with no Jeliives;i;:t!ling, and one re­ decide which must come out. calls that th~'ikaH(l)ILhere is' especially And when one is planning, one's in June, while its 0thet Southern neigh­ imagination can run on and on, as it bor, M. virginiana, is losing its leaves does for the editor who is a gardener Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 411 like anyone else, save that he plans we so often had only mi xtures? Are I)ot only for hi s own garden but for the the Chinese pinks once more coming Magazine, thinking always in terms of into a period of refinement so that we what might be on hand against some could offer as many patterns as once future use as copy or as ph otograph. made them almost collectors' items? Although for him it is a more or less Will there be more and more morning purposeful, perhaps even selfish, plan­ glories to compete with those already ning, if the system could be extended named? What of border carnations, to all members who would plan to ha ve which are having a revival in the Pa­ some new things each year about which cific Coast regi ons? Who will ri sk the they could then write in for the delecta­ onerous first years of working to fix tion of the rest, the Magazine would endless strains of Violas, of which we be even richer than it now is in the grow few as compared with Europe? plant material notes that have made it Will the fine strailns of Polyanthus quite famous in its way. What are you Primroses from the Coast come East doing that should be reported? It may again? So one might go on and on. se~m slight to you, but what chance Weare coming to the end of another reference has opened new vi stas to you ? year, the end of Volume 2S for the What of the revival in geraniums? Magazine in which ' were published What of camellias? To name but two many things as planned but from which quite different plants. many things were missing. Next year . Who has grown all the new named lies ahead and in coming to a new races of scabiosas? Are Drummond's quarter century, we look forward with phloxes once more coming into a re­ that eagerness and anticipation that newed value after the war years when seems peculiar to gardeners.

, ~ ' } Index' to Volume 25

Figures in italics refer to illustrations

A diant~£11'/. pedatu11t ______19 S att e nuifoli~ (o11t ______229 Adonis vernalis ______322 b1'evistylu11'L ______228 Aethione11t/,a armenum ______6S caerule'u11'1, ______229, 231 grandifioru1n ______6S cernuu11'L ______229 Warley Hybrid ______65 falcifoliumt ______228 Agaves, Some Small Decorative____ 83 fi11tbriatU?1t ______229 Agave F erdinandi-Regis ______83, 84 fili fera ______83, 84 fiavu1n ______229, 231 Ge yeri ______228 parviflora ______83, 84 giganteum ______232 Toun1,eyana ______83, 84 Victoria-Regina ______83, 84 1UJ;rcissifl orU1n ______231 Alabama, Narcissus N otes______294 neapolitammt ______232 Allenrolfea occidentalis ______187 N uttalli1: ______229 Allium a.cU111.inatu1n ______228, 232 pulchellum. ______229, 231 albopilosU11t ______232 ramo sum ______229 atr oru.b e 1'/ s ______228 senesc ens v. glaucum ______229, 231 412 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

tub er 0 SU11~ ______.______229 textilis ______272, 273 unifolium ______.______. 229 tulda ______258, 278, 280' Anderson, 1. N.: tuldoides ______276, 277, 365 Concerning Marigolds ______103 ventricosa ______274, 274, 275, 365 Annuals, Some, in California______3 vulgaris ______.276, 279 A quilegia caert6lea ______407 Baptisia vespertina ______200 glandulosa ______407 Beets ______161 longissi1na ______. 330 Benners, Mrs. W. H.: pinetorum, ______168 Daffodils in 1946, Dallas______380 Aralia spinosa ______407 Bidens grandifiora ______3, 4 Argemone mexican a __ :______323, 325 Bismarkia nobilis ______34, 35, 38- mexicana ______323,324 Blasdale, Walter c.: Ariocarpus furfuraceH.s . ______184, 185 Primula Poisoning ______233· Arkansas, Report .on Borassus ethiopu111 ______33 Narcissus from ______296 Boswell, Victor R. : Atriplex hymenelytra ______187 Disease Resistant and Hardy Attalea spectabilis ______.36, 37, 38 Vegetables ______158 Azalea, Hazel pawson ______377, 379 Cacti ______42 Mai-Hime ______: ______.331, 378 Calif.ornia, Some Annuals in______3 Sei -getsu ______~ ______172 , 175 Calystegia pub e sce1~s ______195 The glandular -______, __ 288, 289 Azaleas, Indian ______101 Camellias, Verschaffelt's Nouvelle Azaleas in Ohio ______374 Iconographie de ______149 Ca11'l.panula carpatica ______68 Bailey, L. H.: carpatica pall-ida ______68 The Joy of Growing Plants______1 lasioca?'pa ______169, 169 Baileya multiradiata ______11. 12 'muralis ______68, 69 Ballard, W. R.: . p01'Scharsk'yana. ______68 Possible Use of Discarded Iris stenocodon ______68 Seedlings ______329 Canada, Succulents in ______83 Bamboos in American Horticulture 'III --______40 Carneg·iea giga.l1t ea ______387, 389 IV ______257 Carrots ______161 V ------______357 Caughey, Rachel: Bamboos, Clump Forming ______257 Daffodils in New Hampshire______The Hardy Running ______40 Narcissus Grand Monarque______290 Bambusa arundinacea ______282, 283 C ep halostachys pel'gracile ______352, 353 longispiculata ______~ ______~ 275 Charles de Serc)" Pirate and maC'r 0 culmis ______354 Pioneer ______344 multiplex --______257, 259, 260, 261 Chimonanthus fragmns ______, ____ 322 " Alphonse KarL260, 262, 264 Chin Cactus, The ______312 " F ernleaf ______261, 266 Chionanthus ret7,(S'us ______201, 202 " Silverstripe Christmas Cactus ______81, 82 260, 261, 262, 264 C h"ysanthe111/uJl/1, NI awii ______4 " " F ernleaf ______261, 269 Chrysanthemums in Missouri______. 408 " Stripestem Fernleaf Cirsium occidentale v. Coulteri_____ . 6, 8 261, 267, 268 Cladrastis tinctoria ______406 " Willowy ______260, 264, 266 Clarkia pulchella ______12 polymorpha ------~- -- ______278, 280 Cleistocactus areolatus ______181 species p, 1. 77014 _____ 269, 270, 271 B anmannii ______180 Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 413

C1'osse·i ______.______180, 181 Elliottia ______407 LVI orawetzianus ______181 Ephedra fune1'ea ______188 Smm'agdifiorus ______180 Epiphyllum C1'enatu1'1'~ ______392, 394 StrausVi ______180 st?'ictum ______190 tupizensis ______181 Erodiu11't chrysanthu11't ______65 Clivias, Hybrid ______. ______164, 165 guttatum ______65 'Cole, E. R.: macrodenwJIn ______65 Succulents in CincinnatL______399 ErysimU111. insulm'e ______6 ,Colletia c1'uciata. ______391, 393 Eryth-roniu1% albidu1% ______197 ,C ollinsia bicolor ______6, 9 mesac horum ______197 rColumbines, Two Blue ______407 Eschscholtzia 111.ariti11'La ______12 'Coombs" Sarah V.: Everitt Rhododendron DeIL______77 C a11~panula lasiocarpa . ______169 Felicia aethopica ______6 Pinguicula vulgaris ______.____ 92 F erocadus Pl'inglei ______183, 185 ,Coreopsis m-an:tima ______12 W islize14ii ______387 , 388 tinctoria ______.203, 204 Flores, Robert E . : , Cor?~us Mas ______198, 000 Astrophytu1q,~ 111.yriost'ig1'1'La ,Cotoneaster salicifolia ______98, 100 var Coa/1;uilens'is ____ 309, 310, 311 Craig, Robert T.: Cacti of a Desert Section ______183 Hunting That PlanL______314 Echinocereus DelaetVi ______85 'Cyclamen ______64, 70 Food Supply, Germany, Gardens .c ycla11'tenl neapolitanu1'1'L ______70 an Important Factor in ______336 Dahlias During the War Years__ 348 Foster, H. Lincoln: Daisy Border, My______198 Loiseleu1'ia pl'ocumbens ______376 Daphne mezere'um ______200 Over-wintering Dormant Seed- odora ______320, 321 lings ______376 Deming, Dr. W. c.: Fox, Helen M.: Edible Horse Chestnuts ______329 A F ew Notes 0 11 Herbs ______321 D endrocalamus asper ______354, 355 The Decorative Onions ______227 lati fiorus ______e______362 Fothergilla 111oa,/o'l" ______199 mem,branaceo'us ______355, 356 Fra'n.se1'ia dWI'n.osa ______188 s tric tus ______'356, 357 Furniss, George B.: Desert Holly ______187 Aquileg'ia pi1'l etOrti'/'/'b ______168 Di11wrphotheca annua ______6, 7 Sweet-scented Daphne ______319 Dryas octapetala ___ .. ______70 Gardening in the Shade______245 S Unde1'11'Lannii ______70 C; era'wiu-1'1'L arg e?1 t uem ______65 cmereu11'L ______65 Durham, Col. R. F.: lamcas triel1,sis ______65 The Royal Horticultural Society 15 Easter Cactus ______181 C'igaNtichloa, a,pus ______358, 359 Echinocactu.s polycephalus ______187 verticillata ______360 Echinocereus coccineus ______387 Cilia de'l1sijiom ______6, 9 dasyacanthus ______183, 184 Glade, George G,: Delaetii ______85, 86, 87 A Trip into Cactus Country of 111,0 javensis ______387, 388 Cuba and Puerto Rico ______310 s tra1nineus ___ ~ ______183, 185 Glandular Azalea, The ______288 triglo chidiatus ______387 Codetia B ottae ______,______6 cylindrica ______6 Echin011'~astus M cDowellii 184, 186, 186 Go ulet, M, LavaL ______. ____ . 83, 84 414 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

Graves, George: Iris fiMentina ______329 Verschaffelt's Nouvelle Icono- 9 ennanic a ------0----- 329 graphie des Camellias ______. __ 149 pallida ______329 Green, Eldred: ] asr/4inum nudifiorum ______198 Adiantum, pedaturn ______195 Kane, Mrs. Paul: Calystegia pubescens ______195 Note from Texas (Narcissus) __ 294 Flowering Peach ______92 K olkwitzia a111.abilis ______406 Flowering Quince ______92 Krauss, Mrs. Arthur J.: 'Mums and Hardiness ______326 University of \Vashington Rho- Rhododendrons and SoiL______326 dodendron Show ______372 Some Thoughts on Cemeteries _ 94 Kurume Azaleas ______172 Some Thoughts on Tulips ______326 La/Tea f1'identata ______187 Spirea X Billiardii ______196 Leighty, W. N. : Guadua al1g'us tijolia ______360, 361 Azaleas in Ohio ______374 GY11lmocal'jlc-it!11'I, Da11~ s ii ______313 Leonard, Stanley: M ihanovic hii ______313 Roses ______327 S aglione ______313 Lettuce ______158 pegazzinii ______313 S Lilies, Raising from Seed ______70 Hackney, Mrs. J. T.: Lilies, One year Germinating______72 Note for Alabama ( Narcissus) Lilies, Two year Germinating______72 174, 294 L iliu1n H enryi ______304 Hadden, J. E . : H e1'1-1'yi cit1'i11M114 ______305 Rhododendrons 111 the N orth- Buttercup ______305 west ______:______171 Hybrids of ______305 Hamamelis japom:ca arborea ______198 Upright ______305 mollis ------______198, 200 Lily Seedlings, Report on ______303 v ernalis ______200 vwgtmana ______200 Lily Show, Virginia, for 1947 ______306 L-inanth!~! s androsaceus ______12 Hamblin, Stephen: trist1:s ______3 Thyme and Thyme Again ______331 Lil'/.~!111, campam!lat'u111 ______3 Hedges, Lists of, for U. S. and Canada ______220 Livingstone, Alida: Report on Lily Seedlings ______303 H elioce'reus speciosus ______191, 193 Species Cyclamen ______284 Herbs, A Few Notes on ______321 Lo is e l e~(, ria p1·ocum~ b e ns ______376 Hill, Eleanor: LO'nicem jmgramtissi11'l,Q. ______198 Postscript to the Tulsa Show ____ 382 Loomis, H. F . : Hope, Claude: New Palms in Florida ______29 Concerning Marigolds ______103 Loropetal!!1n chinense ___ _199, 202, 406 Hostas, A Key to the Cultivated __ 253 Lupinus densifion!s ______12 Iberis gibraltarica ______14 Macneil, Alan and Esther: Ihlder, Louise: Random Lily N otes ______299 Gardening in the Shade ______248 Magers, Mrs. R. P.: Ihrig, Herbert: Wild Blue Indigo ______200 Rhododendrons in the North- Maker of Books on Gardening ____ 344 west ------______365 M a11~ 1nilla1'i a candida ______.185, 185 Impatiens Balsamina --- ______97, 98 leonii ______183. 184 Indian Azaleas ______101 R itteriama ______184, 186 Ionops'idium acaule ______4 Marigold, Allclouble Lemon ______110 Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 415

Alldouble Orange ______105, 110 Sunset Giants ______114, 121 Australian Giant ______144 Tetra ______114, 122 Buff B ea u ty ______109, 112 Victory ______112, 117 Butter ball ______138, 145 Wildfire ______138 Cana ry Bird .______111, 112 Yellow Pigmy ______144, 145 Chrysanthemum-Flowered ______] 16 Yellow Supreme ______126 Clinton ______114, 119 Yellowstone ______12 6, 131 Crown of Gold ______116. 123 Marigolds, Concerning ______103 Crown Prince ______11 6 Marsh, Mrs. Clyde, E.: Double Harmony ______143 My Daisy Border ______198 Early Sunshine ______11 6, 124, 125 Marshall, W. Taylor: Ferdinand ______13 7, 146 Christmas Cactus ___ .______181 Fiery Cross ______144, 147 Cleistocactus ______180 Flash ______, 144, 147 Coll etia e?'ueiata ______. ______391 Gold Striped ______138 Death Valley Flora ______187 Golden BaIL______138, 139 Easter Cactus ______181 Golden Bedder ______116, 127 Epiphyllum, Phyllocacti, and Golden Crown Tom Thumb._____ 112 Orchid Cacti ______190 Golden Eagle ______114, 120 My Stay-at-Home Friends._____ 387 Golden Glow ______134, 136 Pediocactus Simpsonii ______188 Golden Harmony ______140, 143 Mills, Mrs. W. B.: Golden Jubilee ______118, 129 Narcissus Notes, Kansas ______176 Golden Supreme ______126, 132 M imulus Big elowi i ______12, 13 Goldsmith ______118, 135 Morrison, B. Y.: Guinea Gold ______114 Concerning Marigolds ______103 Harmony ______140, 143 'Mums and Hardiness ______326 Honeycomb ______135, 136 Narcissus, Fairy Circle ______293, 298 Isabelle Firestone ______136, 137 F orfar ______.79, 80 Josephine ______137, 146 From the Editor's Garden ______298 Legion of Honor ______144, 147 gracilis ______297, 298 Lemon Ball ______140, 141 Grand Monarque ' ______290 Lemon Queen ______107, 111 Moonshine ______~ ______291, 298 Limelight ______118, 128 Q uetta ______178, 179 Mahoga n y ______139, 140 Seraglio ______295, 298 Mammoth Mum ______118, 130 N e111,ophila insignis ______. __ 6, 11 May Ii ng ______112, 115 N eolloydia eonoidea ______185 Melody ______l40, 145 N icotiana ______204, 205 Orange Supreme ______: ______126, 133 Niemeier, Mrs. E. A. : Oriole ______114 Lily Notes from Washington Pot o'Gold ______112, 113 S ta te ______300 Red and Gold Hybrids ______136 N ie1'e114b eTgia cae1'ulea ______6 Robert Beist ______139, 142 Nigella dQ,mase ena ______95, 96 Royal Scot ______139, 142 Nopalx oehia Aekerma1mii ___ 191 , 193 Scarlet Glow ______137, 142 o eim,U11'L sane tU11'L ______32] Spotlight ______139, 142 Odom , Babette: Spry ______..____ 142. 145 Chi11wnanthus fmgm11s ______322 S unkist ______.. ____ 142, 145 0111phalodes lin ifolia ______12 Su 11 rise ______.__ __ 11 8 o pU11l'£a eehinocarpa _. ______187 416 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

Orchid Cacti, Culture of ______313 b~tllatu111______369 Origanum 111-ajorana ______321 calophytum, ______]4, 370 O rpet, E. 0.: calostrD'tu111- ______371 Aquilegia longissima ______330 call1-elliaeflonm1- ______369 Two Blue Columbines ______407 call1-panulatu111______369 campylocarpum ______372 Orpitz, Karl Walter: Hybrid Clivias ______164 call1-pylogynum ______369 cct111- tSC haticU111- ______369 Orris Root ______329 cantabile ______371 Palms, New in Florida ______29 caroliniamtm ______, ______74, 369 Papaver heterophyllum ______A, 5 catawbiense ______74 Parsni ps ______162 ciliatum ______~______171 , 371 Peas ______159 cinnabarinU111- ______369 Pediocactus Simpsonii ______188, 189 crassum ______371 Peniocereus Gregvi ______390, 391 decorum ______]4, 76 Pete, Mrs. Cactus: . deliense ______368

Culture of Orchid Cacti ______313 d e squa111, at~tm ______370 Phyllostachys bambusoides discolor ______]4, 76, 370 58, 59, 61,63" 64 E !lio ttii ______370 Cong e sta ______AO, 48 F alconerii ______369 dulcis ______40, 41 F a1'gesii ______74- edulis ______54, 54, 55 F one s tii ______371 meyeri ______44, 45 F ortunei ______]4, 370 nidularia ______A 2, 43 f-U lVU 111. ______370 n~gra ______54 glaucum ______370 'n.igra henonis ______50, 53 G"ier sonianum ______171, 367 rubromarginata ______A4, 47 Griffithianu11'" ______]4, 75 sulpJ1-urea ______50 hippophaeoides ______371 sulphurea v. viridis ______A8, 49, 51 H odgsonii ______369 vivax ______.4 7, 58 imperator ______371 Pinguicula vulgari,s ______92, 93 indicU111______367 Platystemon californicus ______6, 10 irr01'at~£11'" ______370 Poisoning, Primula ______233 K ae111,pferi ______77 Poppies, The Prickly ______323 K eiskei ______78 Potatoes, Breeding Resistant to keleticwm ______~_ 371 Disease ______18 lacteum ______370 Powell, Gladys : ledoides ______369 My Daffodils. Clin ton. N . Y. ___ 177 leucaspis ______368 Primula Poisoning ______233 1in eorifoli U'llI '/1'LOC1'OSe potu-m Proebstle, Alfred J.: 288, 289 Water Gardens ______: __ .____ 249 maXI1'1'1u 'm ______78 Prunus X Eileen ---- ______'_~ __ .196, 197 Mrs. Charles ButleL______.77, 78 t 011'Lento sa ______196, 197 111-egeratu111, ______369 triloba Si111_plex ______196 11wupine17se ______371 Radishes ______162 mUC1'ono.t'U11'I. ______367 Rhododendron albifiont,111.______366 mUC1'O'l1ou.latu11'1, ______369 A ~£gustinii ______177, 372 11I1,yrtilloides ______369 au,riculatu111______171 , 367 01'bicula1'e ______370 barbatu111______368 pac hytric hum ______369 Oct., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 417

pentaphyllum ------c------367 S asa pal'mata ______64 pruniftorum ______370 Schlu111,bergera Gaertnerii______182, 183 pubescens ______371 Russelliana ______183 quinquefolium ______367 Senior, Robert M.: 1'acemosum ------c------372 The Mustard Family ______169 radicans ______371 Shade, Gardening in the ______245 rep ens ______371 Sharp, Estelle: reticulatu111, ------______171, 173 Concerning Marigolds ______103 roseum ______286 Sino calamus be echyanus ______362, 362 ru,biginosUiIn ______370 Oldha7nii ______.._ 362, 363 russatum ______<______371 Skinner, F : L.: saluense -- ______371 Prumts X Eileen ______196 scintillans -______371 Slate, George L. : sino grande ______370 Liliu111, H enryi ______304 S rnj,rnovii ______+______78 Raising Lilies from Seed ______70 S oulei -______372 Society, The Royal Horticultural 15 sphaeranthum ______369 Soil Reaction Preferences of Rho- spinuliferum ______371 dodendron rosetlm ______286 Stewartianum ______372 Some Thoughts on Tulips ______327 strigillosum ______369 Spinach ______163 sutchuense ______370 Spirea X Billiardii ______.._ 196, 405 tephropeplum ------287, 288, 368 Stearns, Martha Genung: T hompsonii ______372 The Herb Society of America____ 242 , Valentinianum ______371 Stephenson, Ruth: Wardii ______372 Sanvitalia ______407 W illiamsianU'1n ______171, 372 Stevenson, F. J.: yunnanense -----______171, 372 Breeding Potatoes Resistant to Rhododendrons and Soil ______326 Disease _____ c______18 Rhododendrons iii the Pacific Stewart, Mrs. H. F.: Northwest ______365 Erythroni urns ______197 Rhododendron Show, University Rutgers Tomato ______197 of Washington ______372 Sturtevant, R. S. : Riley, Morgan 1.: Shrub Notes from Tennessee ____ 405 Dahlias During the War Years 348 Styrax japonica ______198 Roosen-Runge, E. c.: Tagetes signata pumila ______103, 146 Chiapasia N elsoni ______~ ___ 307 Texas, Narcissus Notes ______294 Epiphyllu111, crenatum ______392 Tha7nnosa 1nontana ______188 Roses ______327 Thelocactus rinconesis ______183, 184 Rowntree, Lester: Thymus azoricus ______334 Some Annuals in California______3 britannirus ______.______334 Rush, H. G.: caespitosus ______334 Chin Cactus, The ______312 cephalotes ______335 Mistletoe Cactus, The ______cimicinus ______.______334 Our Garden ______395 citriodorus ______332 Recreation Park, Long Beach, comOsus ______334 California ______396 glabel' ______334 Sanvitalia ______. 407 herba-baroni ______334 418 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1946

hirs u t'bl S ______335 Tulsa Daffodil Show ______.292, 382 hyemalis ______332 Turni ps ______163 jankae ______-____ 334 Ve1'onica 1"upestris ______69 lanicau.lis ______334 teu.C1'iU1'/'L t1'ehani ______69 1'/'La?' sc hallianus ______334 Vib ,~t1'mt11'~ alnifoliu111, ______= 200 1'1 itid,us ______335 C arlesii ______200 odomtissim'us ______334 Vlasak, Carl: pannonicus ______334 Cacti ______82 pipe1' eUa ______332 \Varner, Margery F,: p1' Z fr&a ls I?ii ______334 A Maker oE Books on Garden­ se1'pyllul1t ------_69, 332 ing, Charles de Sercey :, Pio- albo-ma r9 inatus ______333 neer and Pirate ______344 albus ______332 Water Gardens ______249 arge nteo-var-iegatus ______333 a1' gent e us ______333 Waters, l one B.: aU1'eus ______333 Some Dependable Plants for ca;r1nil1 e us ______332 the Rock Garden ______65 carnosus ______333 Watson, Earl H,:

c~n e r e ~tS ______~______333 Lilies in Minnesota as a Hobby 302 cit1'iodorus ______332 Wherry, Edgar T.: coccine us ______69, 332 H ostas, A Key to the Culti- lamtg in osu.s ______69, 333 vated ______253 111,tCans ______332 Soil Reactions Preference of 111>Onta,nus ______332 Rhododendron roseum ______286 nU, 111>11'~ ula1"ifo lius ______332 Worrell, R. 0,: pu.lchellus ______333 Chrysanthemums in Missouri __ _ 408 pU1'pure us ______332 \Vyman, Donald: roseus ______332 Hedges for North America ______- 207 1"ub er ______332 Youmans, Joseph B.: sple nd e I'LS ______332 Report on Narcissus for A rkan- va;riegafbts ______r__ ___ 333 sas ______296 villosus ______333 Young, Grace Lear: vu 19aris ______331 Daffodil s in Virginia ______382 fragmntissi111,US ______331 Young, Robert A. : va;riega,t.ts ______331 Bamboos in American Horti- zygis ______331 cuI ture ______II I 40 v, gracilis ______332 IV 259 Tomato, Rutgers ______197 V 352 T rith1'inax brasiliensis ______.29, 30, 31 Youngman, Wilbur H. : Tropical Nympheas ______249 Gardens an Important Cog in Truax, A, L.: German F ood Supply ______336 Adonis v emalis ______322 Zygocactus tru11catus ______82 SOCIETIES AFFILIATED WITH THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY (Continued from page i) The San Francisco Garden Oub, Washington Garden Oub, Room 133, Fairmont Hotel, Mrs. Stacy Noland, Pres., San Francisco 6, Calif. 3616 N. Albemarle St., The Valley Ga!"den Center, Arlington, Va. Mrs. Ned Creighton, Woman's Dept. Club, Garden Dept., P. O. Box 3876, 802 Margaret Place, Phoenix, Ariz. Shreveport, La. The Trowel Club, Woodlawn Garden Club, Mrs. J. Douglas Rollow, Mrs. A. F. Schwichtenberg, Sec'y, 4524 Cathedral St., N. W. 4845 N. 16th S~.t. Washington, D. C. Arlington, va. Tulsa Garden Club, Woodridge Garden Club, Mrs. Allen Henry, Pres., Mr. George Targett, Pres., 1301 South Yale, 2948 Carlton Ave., N. E., Tulsa 4, Okla. Washington, D. C. Victoria Horticultural Society, Worcester County Horticultural Society, Mr. D. D. McTavish, Seey., 30 Elm Street, Victoria, B. C., Canada Worcester, Mass.

The American Horticultural Society

I NVITES to m,mbe"hip all p'rson' who are int""'tM in th, d""lop­ ment of a great national society that shall serve as an ever growing center for the dissemination of the common knowledge of the members. There is no requirement for membership other than this and no reward beyond a share in the development of the organization. For its members the society publishes THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE, at the present time a quarterly of increasing importance among the horticultural publications of the day and destined to fill an even larger role as the society grows. It is published during the months of January, Apri~ July and October and is written by and for members. Under the present organization of the society with special committees appointed for the furthering of special plant projects the members will receive advance mate­ rial on narcissus, tulips, lilies, rock garden plants, conifers, nuts, and rhodo­ dendrons. Membership in the society, therefore, brings one the advantages of membership in many societies. In addition to these special projects, the usual garden subjects are covered and particular attention is paid to new or little known plants that are not commonly described elsewhere. The American Horticultural Society invites not only personal member­ ships but affiliations with horticultural societies and clubs. To such it offers some special inducements in memberships. Memberships are by the calen­ dar year. The Annual Meeting of the Society is held in Washington, D. c., and members are invited to attend the special lectures that are given at that time. These are announced to the membership at the time of balloting. The annual dues are three dollars the year, payable in advance; life membership is one hundred dollars; inquiry as to affiliation should be ad­ dressed to the Secretary, 821 Washington Loan and Trust Building.