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Franz Joseph Land by Christer Brunström, AIJP Cinderella Time: Franz Joseph Land By Christer Brunström, AIJP The Arctic and Antarctic regions have always attracted scientists and explorers. Getting to these distant lands used to be extremely difficult and once there the inclement climate provided further difficulties. Numerous explorers have attempted to be the very first ones to reach the North and South Poles. Some even lost their lives when they succumbed to the cold weather. One of the lesser known expeditions to the Arctic area started in 1872. Sailing on the schooner Admiral Tegetthoff, the expedition had been privately financed by interested people in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The idea was prob- ably to discover a northern sea passage to Asia. The schooner had been built in Bremerhaven, Germany and it was launched in 1871. It was a sailing ship but the schooner had also been equipped with a steam engine. The crew comprised some 20 seamen with Karl Weyprecht as the captain. Eight sledge dogs also boarded the ship. The leader of the expedition was Julius Payer. The voyage to the Arctic started in 1872. Once in the Arctic Ocean it became pretty clear that the schooner was far from suitable for the icy conditions. The Admiral Tegetthoff got stuck in the pack ice and the cur- rents carried it in a north-easterly direction. On 30 August 1873 the ship stranded on an unknown island. Payer and Weyprecht soon realized that they would have to spend the winter on the island. The expedition had reached an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. It was given the name of Franz Joseph Land in honour of the Austro- Hungarian emperor. The Austrian Postal Office marked the centenary of the discovery of the archipelago with a commemorative stamp issued on 30 August 1973. Issue 44 - August 1, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net 1 If you enjoy this article, and are not already a subscriber, for $12 a year you can enjoy 60+ pages a month. To subscribe, email [email protected] The design features the schooner wrecked on the cliffs of one of the islands. The following year Julius Payer accompanied by a few men explored the northern part of Franz Joseph Land. The archipelago comprises some 60 islands. There are numerous high mountains with the highest peak reach- ing 5,180 feet. Access to the islands is very difficult as the coastlines are marked by rocks and cliffs. Glaciers cover large parts of the islands. As the expedition was not backed by the government the islands could not be claimed for the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Since 1926 they are part of Russia. In 1874 the expedition leaders realized that it would be impossible to spend another winter on Franz Joseph Land for lack of supplies and it was decided to start walking on the pack ice towards the south. After a heroic three-month trek the exhausted men were finally discovered by Russian fishermen. Via Norway and Germany they were finally able to return to Austria. In Vienna people greeted them as heroes. Numerous Austrians wanted to celebrate the exploits of Weyprecht and Payer. Fairly soon a set of four commemorative labels inscribed FRANZ JOSEPH LAND went on sale. Two of the labels depict the Emperor. One has a de- nomination of 25 Silb. Kr. and the other one has the rather cryptic inscription “Er.M.d.N.P.E. 1874” which is short for “Erinnerungsmarke der Nor- dpolexpedition 1874” (or commemorative stamp of the 1874 North Pole expedition in English). The two remaining stamps were triangular in size and reminiscent of the classic Cape of Good Issue 44 - August 1, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net 2 Hope triangulars. The yellow stamp includes the words “Cap Wien” and the green one “Cap Pest”. Obviously the pro- moter of the set wanted to pay homage both to Austria and Hungary. The four stamps were in no way an official issue. They were produced by Vienna stamp dealer Sigismund Friedl who obviously wanted to profit from the return of the fa- mous Arctic explorers. Today the four stamps are far from common. Recently I was able to acquire an additional 1874 label honouring the return of Weyprecht and Payer. It was produced by the Grillparzer Verein, a patriotic society founded by Ludwig Germonik in 1874. Possibly other varieties exist of this rather scarce commemorative label. Julius Payer claimed that the expedition had discovered a hitherto unknown archipelago in the Arctic Ocean but not everyone believed him which of course caused him a lot of sadness. However, at a later stage his discovery was acknowledged officially and he was invited to join the ranks of Austrian nobility. That is why dictionaries today give his name as Julius von Payer. Issue 44 - August 1, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net 3 If you enjoy this article, and are not already a subscriber, for $12 a year you can enjoy 60+ pages a month. To subscribe, email [email protected].
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