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Lift up Your Eye on High Astronomy BK Page i Thursday, October 11, 2007 3:40 PM Lift Up Your Eyes on High UNDERSTANDING THE STARS Copyright © 1999 Christian Liberty Press James Nickel Christian Liberty Press Astronomy BK Page ii Thursday, October 11, 2007 3:40 PM ii Originally titled The Heavens Declare: Understanding the Stars Originally published by Light Educational Ministries in 1998 Light Educational Ministries P.O. Box 966 Dickson, ACT 2602, Australia This edition is republished with permission and by special arrangement of the original publisher. Copyright © 1999 by James Nickel 2019 Printing All rights reserved. No part of this document may be copied or reproduced by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in eval- uative articles or reviews. Scripture quotations taken from The Holy Bible, New King James Version copyright © 1982 by Tho- mas Nelson, Inc. Used by permission. Published by Copyright © 1999 Christian Liberty Press Christian Liberty Press 502 West Euclid Avenue Arlington Heights, IL 60004 www.christianlibertypress.com Written by James Nickel, B.A., B.Th., M.A. Layout and editing by Edward J. Shewan Copyediting by Diane C. Olson ISBN 978-1-930367-37-1 1-930367-37-6 Credits Galaxy photographs courtesy of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Zodiac graphics courtesy of Jono Willis, State of the Art Illustrations, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Astronomy BK Page iii Thursday, October 11, 2007 3:40 PM TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Figures .......................................................................................................... v Forward..................................................................................................................... vii Preface ..................................................................................................................... viii Chapter One: Introduction.........................................................................................1 What is a star? ..................................................................................................................................................1 How many stars? ...............................................................................................................................................1 How far away are they? .....................................................................................................................................2 Where did God place the stars? ..........................................................................................................................4 What are the purposes of the heavenly bodies? ..................................................................................................7 How are the stars and earthly rulers connected? ...............................................................................................12 Why study the stars? .......................................................................................................................................15 Chapter Two: North Circumpolar Stars ...................................................................19 Big and Little Dippers .......................................................................................................................................19 The Big Dipper Clock ........................................................................................................................................23 Two “Naked-eye” Galaxies ..............................................................................................................................24 The Milky Way ................................................................................................................................................24 Facts and Faith ................................................................................................................................................25 Earth in Space by Design .................................................................................................................................28 Copyright © 1999 Christian Liberty Press More North Circumpolar Constellations ............................................................................................................29 What is the message of these stars? .................................................................................................................31 Chapter Three: Star Movements During The Night................................................33 Geocentricity or Heliocentricity? .......................................................................................................................33 The Celestial Sphere .........................................................................................................................................36 Finding directions from the stars ......................................................................................................................38 Chapter Four: Seasonal Stars ...................................................................................41 The Winter Stars ..............................................................................................................................................41 The Spring Stars ..............................................................................................................................................49 The Summer Stars ...........................................................................................................................................53 The Autumn Stars ............................................................................................................................................57 iii Astronomy BK Page iv Thursday, October 11, 2007 3:40 PM iv Table of Contents Chapter Five: The Zodiac Constellations ................................................................. 61 The Ecliptic ......................................................................................................................................................61 Astrology .........................................................................................................................................................62 The Federation of Twelve .................................................................................................................................65 The Federation and their Decans ......................................................................................................................66 The Zodiac by Season ......................................................................................................................................67 Zodiac Summary .............................................................................................................................................79 Responding to God’s glory ...............................................................................................................................81 Appendix One: The Greek Alphabet........................................................................ 85 Appendix Two: Geometry and the Circumference of Earth ................................... 86 Appendix Three: Apparent Visual Magnitudes of Celestial Objects ....................... 87 Appendix Four: Limiting Magnitudes for Various Instruments .............................. 88 Appendix Five: The Twenty-Five Brightest Stars .................................................... 89 Appendix Six: Types of Stars ................................................................................... 90 Appendix Seven: Trigonometry and Parallax ......................................................... 91 Appendix Eight: Geometry and Latitude ................................................................ 92 Appendix Nine: Kepler’s Laws of Orbital Motion ................................................... 93 Appendix Ten: The “Star” of Bethlehem ................................................................ 94 Copyright © 1999 Christian Liberty Press Appendix Eleven: Precession ................................................................................... 96 Appendix Twelve: Cepheids .................................................................................... 98 Bibliography ............................................................................................................ 99 Star-Name Glossary and Pronunciation Guide...................................................... 101 Glossary of Astronomical and Related Terms........................................................ 110 Scripture Index....................................................................................................... 117 General Index......................................................................................................... 119 Astronomy BK Page vii Thursday, October 11, 2007 3:40 PM FORWARD Stars have a divine purpose. They reveal the power and wonder of God and are signs which “declare the glory of God” (Psalm 19:1–4; Romans 10:17–18). Indeed, they have a “speech” which they pour forth to all men. From the Scriptures we can see that God has used the stars in many ways: to give light (along with the Sun and Moon) upon Earth, to confirm His promises to Abraham, to prophecy through a dream the calling of Joseph, to direct magi to the birthplace of the Messiah, and to symbolize earthly and heavenly rulers
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