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Ulster Journal of Archaeology

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Ulster Journal of Archaeology ^^S^^BBaBfflM ks?i pcoccocogccco CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCdli <* '9BBB ^9Tn#?>"jj ' * " ' " CaaOte > , rtt*fcaf NmW \*s>?irr-*r;**- . * *' Devoted to the investigation ' f the / History and Antiquities of the province. *. 8 Vol. X, 19C L'j e nhaK <JU or K s. 8 e J f asg -- ^- Q. * ** T ** . HPfc v O O 2 C **: S & P 3 P/ICEf CASTLE HACKET / lot TH E G ETTY CENTER LIBRARY ULSTER JOURNAL OF ARCHEOLOGY VOL. X SIR ARTHUR CHICHESTER, LORD DEPUTY OF IRELAND. (Died 1624.) ULSTER JOURNAL OF ARCHEOLOGY Seal of Hugh O'Neill, King of Ulster Volume X BELFAST M'CAW, STEVENSON & ORR, LIMITED THE LINENHALL PRESS 1904 ^ i^L -^ ULSTER JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY Volume X JANUARY 1904 Number I Edited by FRANCIS JOSEPH BIGGER, m.r.i.a., Ardrie, Belfast. JOYMOUNT, CARRICKFERGUS, THE RESIDENCE OF SIR ARTHUR CHICHESTER. Sir Arthur Chichester, Lord Deputy of Ireland* With some Notes on the Plantation of Ulster. By Francis Joseph Bigger, m.r.i.a. HE action by which Chichester originally introduced himself to T public notice was one that did not at first commend itself to the powers that be. He was compelled to make a very of his hasty retreat from his native place in Devonshire, in consequence having been criminally concerned in a highway robbery. With the connivance or assistance of one or two associates, he lay in wait for " then called and robbed a Queen's purveyor," as a tax-collector was ; which offence, however, was of very grave, indeed even terrible, signi- ficance, and more especially at that crisis, when Queen Elizabeth very from her much required all the money that could be hastily collected in subjects to assist in carrying on her numerous military enterprises almost every corner of Ireland. It was generally believed at the time that Chichester had fled to France but this has since been found to be a as directly ; mistake, he went, in the first instance, for refuge to Ireland, where he had an A 2 SIR ARTHUR CHICHESTER, LORD DEPUTY OF IRELAND. elder brother, John Chichester, and two cousins named Bourchier, who were all servitors of the English at various places in the land. With able to for a time in concealment but their connivance, he was remain ; his retreat being soon discovered, he privately made his escape to France, where he was safe from further pursuit, and where he enlisted as a soldier of fortune. His astute and daring nature in dealing with enemies soon made him a name in the French service, whilst several of his influential friends in England did not fail to inform the Queen that his exile was a serious loss to her service, especially in Ireland, where soldiers of his particular calibre were then so urgently needed. It soon afterwards came to pass that the offence which had been at first denounced in Devonshire as highway robbery of a very aggravated character, for which the perpetrator had to fly into an enemy's country for refuge, was condoned and pardoned by the Queen, and then as a matter of course represented to her subjects as a mere youthful frolic. Chichester was then permitted to return to England, and thence sent with all despatch to serve Her Majesty in Ireland. It was commonly remarked that whilst Elizabeth sent her eagles against she reserved her vultures for this and in the Spain, unhappy country ; present instance the Irish had a very truthful illustration of the fact. Chichester came here about the time of the commencement of the war against the Northern Lords a war which had been largely forced by the cruelties and oppressions of Fitzwilliam, the Lord Deputy, and Sir Henry Bagnall, the Field Marshal in Ulster. The new servitor, on his arrival, found the whole country in commotion, and was soon able to enter upon his work with heart and hand. It does not appear that Chichester was appointed to any military command, as his name is not mentioned in connection with any of the battles or general this war so his duties were for a time at fighting during ; probably, least, those of an assistant to his brother, who had been then recently knighted and appointed Governor of Carrickfergus or correctly speaking, Governor of Upper and Lower Clannaboy, Carrickfergus being his base of operations. In whatever capacity, however, Arthur Chichester was originally employed during the first year or two after his coming to Ulster, it is very certain that he must have had ample opportunities of knowing well the condition of this province, and it is equally evident that he availed himself and of those in fact he very fully freely opportunities ; must have made Ulster a special subject of study, as he afterwards, SIR ARTHUR CHICHESTER, LORD DEPUTY OF IRELAND. 3 when occasion required, was able to depend upon his practical know- ledge of all its leading physical features, as well as of the leading families by which the province was inhabited. He was thus able to draw up attractive and thoroughly intelligible reports for the Queen and her Council, not only on the general state of Ulster, but on any, or indeed every, part thereof; for no servitor had previously made himself so well with its mountains and its acquainted glens ; rivers, and sea-coasts its arable lands and vast of loughs, islands, ; sweeps for the of cattle its pasturage rearing young ; bogs, morasses, woods, and extensive forests. In a quiet and comparatively unobtrusive way he must also have gone about collecting information respecting the affairs, public and private, of all the great leading houses, such as those of the O'Neills (in their several branches), the O'Donnells, the the the and the the O'Cahans, O'Reillys, O'Hanlons, O'Dohertys ; Maguires, MacMahons, and even the MacDonnells, a Scottish clan who had possession of the Route and Glynns in Antrim. All this spying out of the land, and painstaking on the part of Chichester to obtain the necessary information respecting its owners and were undertaken for a for before inhabitants, very special purpose ; he left England it was distinctly understood that Elizabeth's policy of plantation, which was then being carried out in Munster, would be adopted also in Ulster on the defeat of the Northern Lords. The great house of Desmond, with all its numerous vassals and adherents, had been brought down to utter desolation in the course of a length- ened and bloody struggle, and now Elizabeth's needy soldiers were dividing amongst themselves the fair lands of the Geraldines. Thus the same class of adventurers in Ulster had here before their eyes a grand precedent, and an almost illimitable reward for their toil. Chichester saw the situation at a and there occurred glance ; although several serious hitches and delays in bringing about his Ulster pro- gramme, yet he eventually succeeded in working it out according to his own will, and, as we shall see, largely to his own advantage. He encouraged all his friends to keep gathering on the Irish spoils instead of spending themselves in the distant colonies of America, maintaining " that it would be better to work with their hands in the plantations of Ulster than to dance and play in the plantations of Virginia." The great deeds of Drake or the heroism of Gilbert had little charm for him. He envied not Raleigh and his arcadian dreams of a kingdom in the setting sun, whose great natural wealth should outshine the most of eastern nations he the more certain reward opulent ; no, preferred 4 SIR ARTHUR CHICHESTER, LORD DEPUTY OF IRELAND. of lands nearer home, no matter how their acquisition might be brought about, nor even the instruments he used in bringing them which dazzled to pass. The poetic glamour and Queen-worship many of the great sea pirates of Elizabeth's time shed no ray upon him : his dark evil countenance and morose disposition shadowed forth all the bad and none of the good in that puritanic wave which, half a century later, was to sweep over the face of England. To some extent he may be styled the forerunner of Oliver Cromwell. Certain events occurred in the year 1 597 which brought Chichester to the front more prominently than hitherto, and served to show very plainly to friends and foes what manner of man he was. His brother, Sir John Chichester, at the date named was defeated and slain in a skirmish with the Antrim Scots under Sir James MacDonnell of Dunluce. Although the latter who was the eldest surviving son and heir of the renowned Sorley Boye did not co-operate with the Northern Lords the he with them and against Government, warmly sympathized ; indeed his brothers and leading kinsmen throughout the Route and Glynns took a prominent place in the actual fighting. This course exasperated the English officials in Ulster against the Lord of Dunluce, as they would have naturally felt much more pride in attacking him as an open enemy than in conferring with him as a doubtful friend. Sir James refused point blank to permit his vast estates to be taxed for war purposes on behalf of the Government, and he also refused emphatically to surrender to Sir John Chichester certain noble young Spaniards whose lives he had saved, or hand over some pieces of cannon which he and his brethren had rescued from the wrecks of Spanish galleons and mounted on his castle of Dunluce, which the former had demanded as booty belonging to the Crown, requiring them for the fortress of Carrickfergus. It would be unkind if we did not here parenthetically record the charitable action of MacDonnell in regard to these same Spanish castaways.
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