Newry & Mourne District Local Biodiversity Action Plan

Home , Cranfield Point, Irish damselfly, Kilbroney Park, Mourne (barony), Newry River, Rostrevor

Ulster Wildlife Trust

watch Contents Foreword...... 1 Biodiversity in the Newry and Mourne District...... 2 Newry and Mourne District Local Biodiversity Action Plan ...4 Our local priority habitats and species...... 5 Woodland ...... 6 Wetlands...... 8 Peatlands...... 10 Coastal...... 12 Marine...... 14 Grassland...... 16 Gardens and urban greenspace...... 18 Local action for Newry and Mourne’s species ...... 20 What you can do for Newry and Mourne’s biodiversity ...... 22 Glossary ...... 24 Acknowledgements...... 24

Published March 2009

Front Cover Images: Mill Bay © Conor McGuinness, Bumblebee © John Doherty, Curlew © Laurie Campbell, Kilbroney Park © Newry & Mourne District Council newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan | 1 Foreword Réamhfhocal

Is mór an pléisiúr dom, mar Mhéara ar Chomhairle an Iúir agus Mhúrn, aird a tharraingt ar an Phlean Gníomhaíochta um Bithéagsúlacht Áitiúil (PGBA), cáipéis a ghríosfaidh caomhnú agus leasú na bithéagsúlachta i gceantar an Iúir agus Mhúrn.

Bunaíodh an tionsnamh PGBA sa limistéar seo sa bhliain 2007 nuair a chuaigh Comhairle an Iúir agus Mhúrn agus Iontaobhas Fiadhúlra Uladh i gcomhpháirtíocht ceannródaíocht le chéile. Faigheann sé tacaíocht ón Ghníomhaireacht Comhshaoil Thuaisceart Éireann agus ó Chiste Pobal Líonta Talimh. As Mayor of Newry and Mourne District Council, I have great pleasure Thar ceann Comhairle an Iúir agus in introducing the Newry and Mourne Mhúrn ba mhaith liom mo bhuíochas Local Biodiversity Action Plan (LBAP), a ghabháil lenár bpáirtneirí a bhrú a document which will guide the an tionscnamh chun tosaigh: An conservation and enhancement of Grúpa Stiúrtha PGBA a chuimsíonn biodiversity in the Newry and Mourne ionadaithe áitiúla ó eagraíochtaí District. reachtúla is míreachtúla chomh maith le baill na comhpháirtíocht PGBA ar The Newry and Mourne LBAP project fad, bunadh na haite san áireamh. commenced in 2007 as an innovative partnership between Newry and Mourne Tugann an cháipéis léargas duit District Council and the Ulster Wildlife den oidhreacht shaibhir nádúrtha Trust. It is supported by the Northern a mhaireann ar fud na dúiche agus Ireland Environment Agency and the dá bhrí sin cuireann sé beim ar an Landfill Communities Fund. riachtanas síor-leanúnach chun cosaint a thabhairt don acmhainn On behalf of Newry and Mourne District fíorluachmhar seo. Tá cur chuige Council, I would like to extend my onnghníomhach ag Chomhairle an gratitude to our partners, the Newry and Iúir agus Mhúrn i dtaca lena cúram Mourne LBAP Steering Group, comprising chun timpeallacht nádúrtha na dúiche local representatives from statutory and a choinneáil slán agus caomhnú an non-statutory organisations, as well as chomhshaoil a chothú i measc na the wider LBAP partnership, comprising ndaoine. Ach ní éiríodh leis an phlean members of the local community, for gníomhaíochta a chuid spriocanna driving this project forward. a bhaint amach ar mhaithe le leas an fhiadhúlra agus an phobail, dá This document gives you a sample of the fheabhas é, áfach, muna dtacaíonn rich natural heritage that exists in Newry muintir na háite i gcoitinne leis. and Mourne, therefore highlighting Iarraim oraibh, a mhuintir an Iúir agus the ever increasing need to protect Mhúrn, PGBA a theannadh le bhur this invaluable resource. Newry and gcroí agus baint a bheith agaibh le Mourne District Council is committed bhur bplean. to protecting the natural environment of the District and promoting it among our residents. To be successful, however, it needs the support of local people, working together to achieve its goals, for An Comhairleoir Colmán Ó Broin the benefit of wildlife and the community Méara Chomhairle an Iúir agus Mhúrn alike. I appeal to you, the people of Newry and Mourne District, to embrace the Newry and Mourne LBAP and become involved in your plan.

Councillor Colman Burns Mayor of Newry and Mourne District Council View from Slievemeen © Richard McGivern, Warrenpoint page 2 | newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan Biodiversity in the Newry and Mourne District What is biodiversity? Biodiversity is the short term used for ‘biological diversity’, which is ‘the total variety of all living plants and animals, and the habitats in which they live’. The biodiversity we see today is the result of millions of years of evolution, shaped by natural processes and, increasingly, by the influence of humans. It is found all around us, in our gardens, parks, woodlands, fields, mountains, lakes and rivers and in our coastal and marine habitats.

Why is it important? Biodiversity is a key measure of the health of our planet and therefore vital for our survival. We are part of biodiversity and depend on it for our quality of life. Biodiversity impacts on every aspect of our lives. It not only provides the air that we breathe and the food that we eat; it also helps to create a pleasant environment for us to live in by adding variety to our surroundings. Biodiversity is an important part of our cultural heritage. It is important in defining local character and distinctiveness, and has helped shape our culture and inspire our poets, painters, writers and composers.

The many benefits of biodiversity highlight why we need to ensure that we halt the loss and work together to protect, and where achievable, restore and enhance our local biodiversity.

Threats to biodiversity in Newry and Mourne Many species of plant and animal have adapted to life alongside us. For example, house martins build their nests on our houses and hedgehogs are one of a number of visitors to our gardens. However, not all plants and animals are able to co-exist with us. Worldwide we are losing biodiversity at an ever-increasing rate as a result of both direct and indirect human activities. The major factors threatening biodiversity globally are habitat loss, pollution, non- native invasive species and most importantly climate change.

Biodiversity within Newry and Mourne faces similar threats including:

• Development – Habitat loss through development pressures is one of the main threats to biodiversity in Newry and Mourne. Housing and other associated infrastructure can have a number of negative associated environmental impacts many of which can be reduced through better planning. It is also important to retain as many habitats and areas of open space as possible.

• Pollution – Fly tipping and litter left behind by beach visitors, can damage sensitive habitats and kill the species associated with them. Water pollution also has detrimental effects on biodiversity, lowering the number and variety of species found in our loughs and rivers.

• Non-native invasive species – These species compete directly with our native species and can cause degradation of natural habitats. Giant hogweed for example is abundant along the Newry River reducing species diversity as a result. Another non-native species that can be seen frequently across the district is the grey squirrel. This species is larger and bolder than our native red squirrel, and in areas of competition, the grey nearly always prevails. Giant Hogweed © JA Welsh District Mourne & Newry © Fly-tipping Council Trawler © Colin Speedie newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan | page 3 Mourne Mountains © Newry & District Council Newry and Mourne District Area Newry and Mourne is a beautiful scenic area dominated by small farms and boasting spectacular sea and mountain scenery. The main traditional industries now are farming, fishing, stone masonry and building. It is the third largest council area in Northern Ireland covering a total of 902 square kilometres and includes much of the south of counties Armagh and Down. The old historic city of Newry, which is the gateway to the north on the east coast of Ireland, nestles between two Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs), which are the splendid Mountains of Mourne in south Down, and the Ring of Gullion in south Armagh.

The Mountains of Mourne, which were formed over 50 million years ago, have been shaped by successive ice ages.

These mostly rounded mountain peaks, including Slieve Map of Newry and Mourne District Donard the highest peak in Northern Ireland, are popular with walkers and hikers from all over the world. The range habitats, and sustains approximately 164 of 457 Northern consists of 12 peaks that are unusual in that their summits Ireland Species of Conservation Concern (SoCC) and 78 are grouped together in a compact area only 11km wide. of 272 Northern Ireland Priority Species. Indeed, this is reflected in the large number of protected areas that have South County Armagh, with its beautiful undulating been designated through legislation to protect key areas or countryside, lies to the west of Newry. The drumlin habitats for nature conservation. These include two Ramsar landscape around Crossmaglen and the legendary Ring sites, four Special Areas of Conservation (SAC), one Special of Gullion are steeped in Celtic mythology. This area is Protection Area (SPA), 18 Areas of Special Scientific Interest also famed for its rich cultural heritage and the numerous (ASSI) and one Nature Reserve. prehistoric and early Christian sites. The striking landscape of the Ring of Gullion is the result of the unique geology of In order to protect this wonderful variety of habitats the area. A ring of igneous rock (the product of an ancient and species, whether rare or common, we need to take extinct volcano) has resulted in a distinctive range of peaks. ownership and get involved. Read on to find out more about some of the wonderful habitats and species in the Newry and Mourne District’s varied landscape combines district and how you as an individual, community group, to provide an important and unique biodiversity resource school or business can take local action to secure your

Trawler © Colin Speedie which supports 24 of the 42 Northern Ireland priority local biodiversity. page 4 | newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan

Newry and Mourne District Local Biodiversity Action Plan

Local biodiversity action plans have come about through a number of international, national Walker in the Mournes © Harry Goodman and local processes. These plans have led to local action for wildlife and habitats and are fantastic opportunities to raise awareness of biodiversity throughout Northern Ireland. It is now the turn of the Newry and Mourne District to celebrate the rich biodiversity we have here and to encourage people to work together locally to protect it into the future.

The LBAP process all began in 1992, when the UK signed A wider biodiversity partnership has also been developed up to the global Convention on Biological Diversity at to enable more people and organisations to get involved. the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit. This agreement led to This open forum meets twice a year at various locations the UK committing to produce an Action Plan to sustain across the district to ensure everyone has the opportunity and conserve biodiversity. In 1995, the UK Biodiversity to attend. Strategy was developed, followed by the Northern Ireland Biodiversity Strategy in 2002. The Newry and Mourne District Local Biodiversity Action Plan (LBAP) outlines a plan of action to: The Newry and Mourne LBAP project, which began in 2007, is an innovative partnership between Newry and Mourne • Conserve and enhance the rich biodiversity of District Council and the Ulster Wildlife Trust, funded by Newry and Mourne for both current and future the Northern Ireland Environment Agency (formerly generations; Environment and Heritage Service) and Newry and Mourne District Council’s Landfill Communities Fund. • Educate and raise awareness of the importance and variety of biodiversity found within the Newry A steering group was set up to support the project, and in and Mourne District, and; particular, to guide the creation and implementation of the Newry and Mourne LBAP and associated Habitat Action • Encourage local ownership of Newry and Mourne Plans (HAPs) and Species Action Plans (SAPs). These plans District’s biodiversity. cover a range of habitats and species, which reflect European, national and local priorities. They are based largely on the Everyone who lives in Newry and Mourne District has an targets set out in the Northern Ireland Biodiversity Strategy, important part to play. Only with your support can we translating regional strategy into local action. help protect our valuable flora and fauna! newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan | page 5 Campbell

Habitats and Species Yellowhammer

Walker in the Mournes © Harry Goodman The first step in the LBAP process was to complete a comprehensive audit of the important habitats and species that occur in Newry and Mourne, including Northern Ireland Priority Habitats, Northern Ireland Priority Species and Species of Conservation Concern (SoCC).

For further information on any habitat or species listed, please visit www.ulsterwildlifetrust.org/biodiversity or contact the Newry and Mourne Biodiversity Officer.

The information from the audit enabled each habitat and Marine - Mudflats and Mud habitats in deep water. species to be evaluated in terms of national and regional Grassland - Lowland meadows. priority, conservation status, extent, rarity, importance to local people and most importantly, project potential. As Urban habitats and gardens a result, the habitats and species below were selected by the Newry and Mourne Steering Group for initial priority action and will be included in the first round of HAPs and Species selected for priority action in Newry SAPs for the district. This list is not exhaustive and will be and Mourne: updated throughout the course of the LBAP. • Red squirrel • Juniper Habitats selected for priority action • Irish damselfly • Harbour porpoise in Newry and Mourne: • Otter • Yellowhammer • Brown trout/Salmon • House sparrow Woodland - Mixed ashwoods, Oakwoods, Parkland and • Curlew Species rich hedgerows.

Wetlands - Lakes, Rivers, Fens and Reedbeds. The many diverse habitats and species found in Newry Peatlands - Lowland raised bog, European dry heath and and Mourne will now be summarised. Each broad habitat Montane heath. category details the priority habitats in the district, where they occur locally, what key species they support Coastal - Maritime cliffs and slopes, and Coastal vegetated and examples of the objectives and actions required to shingle. conserve them. page 6 | newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan

Woodland There was a time when Northern Ireland was almost completely covered in woodland. However, as a result of agriculture and development it is now the least wooded region in Europe. Only 6% of land has woodland cover, 1% of which is Hawthorn Hill © Forest Service native broad-leaved woodland.

Objectives Local Actions • Maintain and improve the condition of native • Promote maintenance and establishment of native woodland in the district. woodland through agri-environment schemes. • Raise awareness of the value of native woodland for • Hold tree-planting events and encourage the recording biodiversity. of woodland and hedgerow species. • Compile a register of native woodland in the district. • Get involved with the Woodland Trust ancient tree inventory for the Newry and Mourne area. • Identify and map distribution of native woodland in the district. newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan | page 7 Mixed ashwoods garlic and great wood-rush, and shrubs Parkland Mixed ashwoods are woodlands such as bramble and bilberry. These Parkland is a specialised type of where ash is the dominant species in woods can also contain many rare woodland that is no longer common in association with other broadleaf native species of fungi and lichen. Northern Ireland. They are designed species such as oak, downy birch and landscapes associated with stately hazel. Other trees including rowan and Rostrevor Oakwood overlooking houses or demesnes. non-native species such as sycamore Carlingford Lough is the oldest, most and beech may also be common. established oakwood in Newry and Parklands are generally made up of a Mixed ashwoods support a rich and Mourne District. It is designated a mosaic of habitats including veteran colourful ground flora of spring- Special Area of Conservation (SAC) trees set in pasture or heathland, flowering herbs such as wood anemone, as well as an Area of Special Scientific specimen trees, boundary features, bluebell, primrose and wild garlic. Interest (ASSI) and a National Nature woodland blocks, streams, rivers and Reserve (NNR) and is open to the natural or constructed lakes. Parklands In Newry and Mourne District, public. are important for a wide variety of Fathom Mountain supports upland species from grasses, mosses and fungi to mixed ashwood, where ash comprises invertebrates, birds, bats and mammals. over half of the canopy trees. Small unidentified pockets of mixed Examples of parkland in Newry and ashwoods can also be found across Mourne include Mourne Park, Creggan the district that may have importance Poet’s Glen and Derrymore House. locally for wildlife. Species-rich hedgerows Species-rich hedgerows are those that

Oak with acorns © Philip Precey contain five or more native woody species on average in a 30 metre Wet Woodland length or those with a rich flora of Wet woodlands are a range of woods herbaceous plants such as primrose, that occur on poorly drained or wood anemone, lords and ladies, waterlogged soils found around lake bluebell and herb robert at their base. shores, along streams, on hill-side Hedges are an integral part of Ireland’s flushes and on fens and cutover landscape and a valuable habitat for Wild garlic and bluebells bogs. Typically wet woodlands are local biodiversity. Oakwoods dominated by willow, alder or silver Oakwoods are dominated by the two birch and can often occur as habitat Hedgerows act as very important native oak species, sessile oak and mosaics with other woodland types. wildlife corridors for many species, pedunculate oak in association with providing connectivity between other species such as downy birch, Examples of wet woodland in the district habitats and allowing dispersal and rowan, holly and hazel. The ground can be found at Cappagh Lough and movement. Well managed hedgerows layer is often rich in ferns, woodland St. Peter’s Lough, which predominately support many species of birds, wildflowers including bluebell, wild comprise willow and alder. mammals and insects.

Key Woodland Species Hawthorn Hill © Forest Service Red Squirrel ©Mark Hamlin Song Thrush © Laurie Campbell Common Puffball © JA Welsh

Red squirrel Song thrush Fungi The native red squirrel is a shy creature, A familiar and popular garden songbird An important part of a woodland spending most of its time in the treetops of whose numbers are seriously declining. It ecosystem, fungi recycles organic matter mixed coniferous woods feeding on seeds is a brown bird with a white (or yellow- and feeds it back into the woodland as and cones. The introduction of the non- white) chest, densely speckled with arrow nutrient-rich soil. Although visible all native grey squirrel is threatening the future head spots. It occurs in gardens, farmland year round, only in the autumn do we of our red squirrel, as it out-competes the and woodland edges and feeds on insects, see the wealth of fungi present, such as red for food, can adapt to a wider range of worms and snails. the common puffball, when their fruiting habitat, and has the potential to transmit bodies emerge above ground. the deadly squirrel pox virus. page 8 | newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan

Wetlands Wetlands are extremely important habitats as they support a variety of plants and animals such as invertebrates, fish, amphibians, mammals and birds. Newry and Mourne District has many good quality examples of wetland habitat including lakes, rivers and streams, reedbeds and fens. Camlough © Newry & Mourne District Council Objectives Local Actions • Maintain and improve the condition of wetland habitats • Promote maintenance of good water quality through in the district. agri-environment schemes and the Nitrates Directive. • Maintain and improve water quality of water bodies to • Involvement with local Water Framework Directive “good” ecological status by 2015 in accordance with the catchment groups. Water Framework Directive (WFD). • Survey and map the distribution of wetland habitats in • Educate and raise awareness of the value of wetland the district. habitats for biodiversity. • Hold talks and/or events in the area to raise awareness of wetland biodiversity. newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan | page 9

Lakes and ponds eventually flowing into Carlingford on the margins of water bodies, along Standing open water, including lakes Lough. This provides a valuable wildlife lowland and upland streams, estuaries, and ponds, are quite an extensive corridor for species movement, along reservoirs, clay pits, sewage treatment habitat across Newry and Mourne with the canal and other rivers present works, industrial lagoons and as early and Northern Ireland as a whole. in the district. successional habitat on fens and bogs. Lakes can be classified by the levels of In Newry and Mourne, reedbeds can nutrients that occur naturally in the be found at Greenan Lough ASSI where water. Oligotrophic lakes have low they provide excellent cover for birds nutrient levels, mesotrophic lakes have such as the reed bunting. moderate levels, while eutrophic lakes have high levels of nutrients. Lakes and ponds support many species of breeding and wintering waterfowl, invertebrates such as mayflies, pond

skaters, dragonflies and beetles, as well River in the Mournes © Harry Goodman as many plant species including yellow water-lily and duckweed. Fens A fen is a wetland with a permanently high water level at or just below the surface. They often form on peaty soils

in river valleys or hollows and receive Lapwing © Laurie Campbell the majority of their moisture and nutrients from soil, rock and ground water. Fens support a rich variety of sedges, grasses and mosses, as well as invertebrates such as the Irish damselfly and the whirligig beetle. Water beetle © Richard Burkmarr Breeding waders also depend on fens Rivers and streams for food and cover. In Newry and Rivers and streams are of great value Mourne District, rich fen habitat occurs to wildlife and are recognised as an at Greenan ASSI. important habitat locally. They support many priority and important species Reedbeds such as Atlantic salmon, brown trout, The term reedbed describes a wetland otter and bat species such as the habitat dominated by common reed daubenton. The Newry River flows in areas where the water table is at or through the city acting as a border above ground level for most of the between counties Down and Armagh year. This habitat is widely distributed Common reeds © JA Welsh

Key Wetland Species European Otter © Mark Hamlin Thompson Robert © Damselfly Irish Brown Trout © John Doherty

Camlough © Newry & Mourne District Council Otter Irish Damselfly Brown Trout Otters live on the banks of rivers, lakes The Irish damselfly is a delicate blue Brown trout are a Northern Ireland species and the coast feeding on fish, shellfish, damselfly found in Ireland around small of conservation concern. They feed on smaller mammals and birds. They have a lakes and is concentrated in Armagh, small fish, frogs, and insects flying near the long streamlined body and can be found Down, Fermanagh and Tyrone. Within water’s surface. Trout have been recorded residing in holes in the riverbank called Newry and Mourne, it has been recorded at in various rivers across the Newry and holts. They are quite widespread in the Drumlougher Lough outside Crossmaglen. Mourne District. Those rivers with the Newry and Mourne District, especially The Irish damselfly is a Northern Ireland highest percentage of sightings include along the Newry canal. priority species and only occurs in areas White Water, Kilkeel, Cusher and Kilbroney. where there is good water quality, as it is very sensitive to pollution. page 10 | newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan

Peatlands Murray/RoSA

Ron Peatlands are a characteristic part of the Irish landscape due to Ireland’s cool, ©

SAC

wet climate. Northern Ireland contains a significant proportion of the remaining peatland resource in Europe and therefore the exceptional importance of these Gullion habitats cannot be over-emphasised. Slieve

flower

Objectives Local Actions in

• Maintain the extent of the peatland habitats in the • Map the distribution of peatland habitats in the district. Heath district. • Promote the management of peatland habitats through • Raise awareness of the biodiversity value of peatlands. agri-environment schemes. • Work to restore the condition of peatland habitats on • Produce information leaflets and hold peat alternative selected sites. information days at local garden centres. • Promote the use of peat alternative materials. newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan | page 11

Lowland raised bog Blanket bog The majority of the Northern Ireland Lowland raised bogs are peatland Blanket bog generally occurs in resource can be found in the Newry ecosystems that are found in lowland upland areas and is a layer of peat and and Mourne District in the Mourne areas generally below 150 metres. In associated vegetation covering the land Mountains and the Ring of Gullion. Northern Ireland, they are typically like a ‘blanket’. Similar to lowland raised Slieve Gullion ASSI contains one of the found in wide river valleys or between bogs, Sphagnum mosses are the main largest expanses of this rare habitat glacial hilly drumlins. The main building component of a blanket bog. Other in Northern Ireland. It is dominated blocks of peat are Sphagnum mosses. dominant plant species include heather by heather and where there is no These mosses hold water like a sponge and cross-leaved heath, cottongrass, intervening forestry there is a transition contributing to the waterlogged, acidic deergrass and sundews. Species downslope to lowland heaths, acid supported by blanket bog include the conditions. Other characteristic plants grassland and fens. Red grouse are red grouse and skylark. include cotton grasses, bog asphodel found in small numbers here as well as in the Mournes. Dry heath in and cross-leaved heath. The Irish hare Within Newry and Mourne District, the Mournes is also important for and many species of invertebrate such blanket bog is found mainly on the as moths and butterflies utilise this higher slopes of the Carrigatuke the keeled skimmer dragonfly, and habitat. Hills, Slieve Roosley and the Mourne green hairstreak and marsh fritillary Mountains, however, very little remains butterflies. In Newry and Mourne there are a intact with the majority eroded or number of examples of lowland raised cut-over. Kilbroney Red Bog above bog. However, many have been cut- Rostrevor is one example occurring in over and some have subsequently been the Mourne Mountains. Murray/RoSA agriculturally improved to grassland, Ron

while others have developed into © diverse sites with fen, wet woodland,

and remnant patches of bog. Residual gorse lowland raised bog vegetation can and still be found at Cashel Loughs and Drumlougher Lough ASSIs. Heather Montane heath Montane heath is found in areas that lie above the natural level of tree Common sundew © NIEA development, generally above 600m. European dry heath It consists of a range of short dwarf European dry heath can be found on shrubs such as heather, grasses and flat to steeply sloping ground in upland and lowland areas. The underlying soils sedges as well as specialised mosses are relatively dry or free draining but are and lichens. Montane heath occurs acidic and poor in nutrients. The most on several summits in the Mourne common species present is heather Mountains, most notably Slieve (Calluna vulgaris), which often occurs in Binnian. Species present are similar to combination with gorse, bilberry or bell those found in upland heathland and heather, whilst other dwarf-shrubs may blanket bog, for example meadow Cottongrass © UWT be important locally. pipit.

Key Peatland Species Murray/RoSA

Ron

SAC

Gullion

Slieve at

Red Grouse © Laurie Campbell Keeled Skimmer © NIEA Skylark © L aurie Campbell flower in Keeled skimmer Red grouse Skylark The keeled skimmer is a dragonfly, which in The red grouse is a medium-sized bird The skylark is a small brown farmland Heath Northern Ireland is mainly confined to the with a plump body, hook-tipped bill and bird that is renowned for its display flight. Mourne uplands. Mature females are pale a short tail. It is reddish-brown in colour It flies vertically up in the air and then brown with yellow tinted wings and mature with pale feathers covering its legs and feet. hovers whilst in song. The skylark likes males have a pale blue abdomen. Adults Red grouse breed in the uplands and travel open countryside, from lowland farmland can be seen from early June to late August very short distances in their lifetime. They to upland heath. It can be found in the in heaths and bogs where there are shallow feed on heather, seeds, berries and insects. uplands in Newry and Mourne, however its flushes and pools. In Newry and Mourne they are very rare numbers have been declining recently. and can sometimes be found on heather in remote parts of the Mourne Mountains. page 12 | newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan

Coastal The Mourne coast from Bloody Bridge to Annalong, Kilkeel and along Carlingford Lough supports an array of valuable coastal habitats such as maritime cliffs and slopes, Mill Bay © Conor McGuinness coastal vegetated shingle and coastal saltmarsh as well as many important species.

Objectives Local Actions • Maintain the extent of coastal habitats. • Map priority coastal habitats in the district. • Educate and raise awareness of the biodiversity • Raise awareness of coastal and marine biodiversity value of coastal habitats. through education packs, interpretation and events. • Improve the condition of coastal habitats on • Promote the recording and monitoring of key coastal selected sites. species. newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan | page 13

Maritime cliff and slopes Saltmarsh is a very important habitat These include hard and soft cliffs, which as the vegetation consists of a limited extend from the splash zone (above number of salt tolerant species adapted the high water mark) at the base of the to regular covering by the tide. It is cliff, to the land at the cliff top, which is also very important for wading birds influenced by salt spray. They vary from and wildfowl such as oystercatcher, very tall vertical or near-vertical cliff faces, redshank, lapwing, golden plover and through long steep slopes with a vertical curlew. face restricted to the base, to low cliffs

with a variety of slope forms. Oyster plant © Renny McKeown

Maritime cliffs are often significant but typically have a small surface area for their populations of breeding and support specialised plant and seabirds, which can reach numbers of invertebrate communities. international importance. They provide nesting sites for breeding birds such In Newry and Mourne, coastal as the guillemot, raven and peregrine vegetated shingle occurs along the falcon. Mourne coast at Glassdrumman. Several rare plants can be found here such as sea kale, oyster plant and yellow-horned poppy.

Coastal saltmarsh Saltmarshes are a highly productive

habitat dominated by species that are Oystercatcher © Steve Trewhella tolerant of flooding by seawater. They Most of the original saltmarshes in occur mostly in the upper vegetated Northern Ireland have been reclaimed Peregrine Falcon © Neil Aldridge areas of mudflats, in sheltered areas of and improved for agriculture and those low wave energy. still present are generally lightly grazed. Coastal vegetated shingle Saltmarsh is therefore a rare habitat Coastal vegetated shingle is defined as in Northern Ireland and, in the wider sediment with particle sizes larger in context of Europe, it is a high priority for diameter than sand (>2mm) but smaller nature conservation. than boulders (<200mm). Vegetated shingle banks occur at the upper end Within the Newry and Mourne District, of the shore where conditions are Mill Bay in Carlingford Lough (ASSI) favourable, usually in high energy supports the largest intact area of environments. They occupy long strips estuarine saltmarsh in Northern Ireland. Mill Bay © Conor McGuinness

Key Coastal Species NIEA

Mill Bay © Conor McGuinness poppy

horned

Yellow Curlew © John Doherty Sea kale © NIEA Yellow-horned poppy Curlew Sea Kale The yellow-horned poppy is a plant The curlew is one of the largest Sea-kale is a long-lived plant and commonly found on bare shingle. European wading birds, instantly established individuals may reach Each individual plant produces one recognisable with its long down-curved several meters in diameter. The leaves, to several rosettes with a single flower bill, brown upperparts and long legs. which start off as deep crimson-purple stalk emerging from each. The waxy They may frequently be seen on coastal changing to green when older, have a leaves are greyish-green and covered grasslands and intertidal muds in thick waxy covering which keeps them with fine short hairs, which protect the winter. Wet marshy unimproved land waterproof. Sea Kale can be found leaf surface from the salty conditions is the preferred breeding habitat where along the Mourne coast. along the seashore. there is a good supply of invertebrates. page 14 | newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan

Marine The marine environment supports over half of the UK’s biodiversity. There are many diverse marine habitats in the Newry and Mourne District including

mudflats, mud habitats in deep water, Sabellaria alveolata reefs and seagrass beds. Sunlight shadows © Paul Naylor There are also a number of islands off Greencastle, which support colonies of breeding gulls and terns.

Objectives Local Actions • Raise awareness of the biodiversity we have off our • Promote the importance of marine habitats (for coast and its importance. biodiversity, tourism, heritage and cultural value) • Maintain and improve the condition of marine habitats through talks and events. in the district. • Raise awareness of marine biodiversity through education packs and interpretation. • Promote recording of key marine species such as whales, dolphins and porpoises. newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan | page 15

Mudflats In Newry and Mourne, Glassdrumman Mudflats are intertidal habitats has the largest reefs in Northern Ireland created by sedimentary deposition growing between mid and lower shore in low energy coastal environments, boulders. Sabellaria alveolata reefs particularly in estuaries and other have also been reported to extend into sheltered areas such as sea loughs. the sub-tidal zone at this site. Older They are highly productive areas communities are somewhat more and are of great importance to diverse than younger ones because of large numbers of birds and fish. the amount of crevices present. They provide vital feeding and Lobster & Prawn © Paul Naylor resting areas for internationally Seagrass beds important populations of migratory, marine inlets such as sea loughs. These Seagrasses are marine flowering plants overwintering and breeding waterfowl habitats support communities of found in shallow, coastal areas around and wading birds. burrowing animals including Northern the world, typically on sheltered Ireland priority species such as Dublin intertidal and subtidal sandy or muddy Within Newry & Mourne, mudflats bay prawns, rugose squat lobster and bottoms. They often grow in dense, can be found at the western end of seapens. extensive beds or meadows, creating Carlingford Lough around Carriganean. a productive and diverse habitat that provides shelter and food for a wide The lough supports internationally In Newry & Mourne, mud habitats in variety of other plant and animal important breeding populations of the deep water are found at Carlingford species, including many of our valuable sandwich tern and nationally important Lough with extensive populations commercial fish species. numbers of the common and Arctic of seapen found 1-5m in depth. tern. Also Dublin Bay prawns, which are Within Newry and Mourne, seagrass invariably associated with deep mud, beds can be found at Carlingford have been recorded off Kilkeel. Lough. They form an important food source for overwintering wildfowl. Sabellaria alveolata reefs Sabellaria alveolata reefs consist of tightly packed honeycomb-like masses of tubes, constructed by a small worm called Sabellaria alveolata. The reefs can be up to 50cm thick, forming sheets, hummocks or massive Mudflats at Newry River Estuary formations. They are found in areas Mud habitats in deep water with moderate to considerable wave Mud habitats in deep water typically exposure. The typical lifespan of occur below 20-30m in many areas of worms has been recorded to be 4-5 years.

the UK’s marine environment, including Seagrass Bed © Paul Naylor

Key Marine Species Sunlight shadows © Paul Naylor Basking shark © Colin Speedie Rugose Squat lobsters © Paul Naylor Harbour Porpoise © Randal Counihan Basking Shark Rugose squat lobster Harbour porpoise The basking shark is the second largest A lobster up to 10cm in length and The harbour porpoise is the smallest fish in the world and is easily recognised common in shallow water. It lives marine mammal in Irish waters and our by its large size (around 7.5m in on rock ledges or in deeper water only porpoise species. It is dark grey length). It is a greyish-brown to black (50 - 150 m) on sandy or soft substrate. with a pale belly and white extending colour with five large gill slits, through It is orange to reddish brown in colour up the sides. It has no forehead or which the bright red gills can be seen. with darker lines across the body. The distinct beak and can often be detected Despite its enormous size, it eats small tips and spines on the claws are white. by the sound of its short, sharp blows. organisms such as jellyfish and comb- It has been recorded at Kilkeel and It has been recorded off the County jellies. It has been recorded in small Cranfield point. Down coast at Bloody Bridge. numbers off the coast at Bloody Bridge and at the mouth of Carlingford Lough. page 16 | newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan

Grassland Grassland habitats in Newry and Mourne include lowland meadows and small pockets of lowland dry acid grassland, purple moor grass and rush pasture. Agriculture is one of the major land uses in the district which has an impact on Species-rich grassland © NIEA both the landscape and biodiversity.

Objectives Local Actions • Improve the biodiversity value and extent of species • Liaise with landowners to encourage enhancement of rich grassland in the district. grassland and other farmland habitats for biodiversity. • Raise awareness of the value of species-rich grassland • Promote entry into agri-environment schemes. and mixed farming options. • Liaise with Roads Service and other government • Increase the uptake of agri-environment schemes and organisations on enhancing the biodiversity value of options which will benefit local priority species and road-side verges through appropriate management. habitats. • Raise awareness of the value of species-rich grassland through education and events. newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan | page 17

Lowland meadow Lowland dry acid grassland ragged robin present. Purple moor A lowland meadow is defined as Lowland dry acid grassland occurs in grass and rush pasture is important for unimproved neutral grassland found nutrient-poor, well-drained acid soils. a number of Northern Ireland priority on enclosed land, normally on a well- There are no large areas of lowland species including the curlew and marsh drained mineral soil with a sward dry acid grassland in Northern Ireland. fritillary butterfly. rich in wildflowers. Such meadows Instead, it is most likely to be found in are found in former hay meadows very small patches in a matrix of other Within Newry & Mourne, it can be or in non-agricultural sites such as grassland types. This habitat may also found on the lower slopes of the churchyards or roadside verges. occur in old gardens, churchyards and Mourne Mountains and fragmented in other amenity areas. farmland. In Newry and Mourne, several examples of lowland meadow can be In Newry and Mourne it can be found found in the Crossmaglen drumlins. on the lowland slopes of the Mournes Traditional management practices, and in south Armagh. Lowland dry acid such as low intensity cutting, in Tullyard grassland contains plant species such ASSI for example, have brought about a as common bent, sheep’s sorrel and great diversity in species composition, tormentil and supports species such as both of grasses and herbs. the Irish hare and skylark.

Levallymore ASSI in south Armagh is also an excellent example of a species- Marsh Fritillary © Philip Precey rich meadow, with bird’s-foot trefoil, Roadside verges yellow-rattle and eyebright found Roadside verges are not a priority there. It also supports a wonderful habitat in Northern Ireland, however array of butterflies and bees. they can be an excellent haven for biodiversity. They increase the value of hedgerows and adjacent farmland by acting as wildlife corridors between Tormentil © Neil Wyatt fields.

Purple moor grass Plant species to look out for include and rush pasture the primrose, ox-eye daisy and bird’s Purple moor grass and rush pasture foot trefoil. Roadside verges add to occurs on poorly drained soils in the overall biodiversity value of the lowland areas of high rainfall. This countryside, providing seed heads for habitat type includes meadow, birds, nectar plants for butterflies and dominated by purple moor grass, bees, and cover for many insects and with rushes and wildflowers such as mammals. Hay Meadow © NIEA

Key Grassland Species Campbell

Laurie Species-rich grassland © NIEA

Yellowhammer Irish Hare © Jphn Doherty Pink Meadow Waxcap © David Mitchel Yellowhammer Irish hare Pink meadow waxcap The yellowhammer is a member of The Irish hare is a unique species of The pink waxcap is a fungus with a the bunting family and a characteristic hare only found in Ireland. It is russet pinkish-lilac conical cap and a slightly resident species of lowland arable and in colour with a completely white tail greasy appearance. Fungi acquire mixed farmland. In the summer, they and ears roughly the same length as nutrients from living or dead plants, can be found in highly productive areas its head. The species occurs in Newry animals or other fungi. This species of farmland, whereas in winter, they and Mourne in upland sites but also on is found all over Northern Ireland form flocks and feed in mixed farmland lowland sites such as bogs, farmland in mossy lawns and semi-natural on stubble fields. The yellowhammer and coastal grassland. grasslands. Silent Valley in the Mournes was once a familiar farm bird but its is a good site for waxcaps. numbers have declined in recent years due to loss of habitat. page 18 | newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan

Gardens and urban greenspace Gardens, urban parks and industrial sites are very important for a wide range of species. Often overlooked, these urban greenspaces have special importance for biodiversity, as they are where wildlife and people can interact.

Objectives Local Actions Warrenpoint Park © Newry & Mourne District Council • Educate and raise awareness of the biodiversity value of • Run a wildlife gardening competition for individuals, urban greenspace and gardens. community groups, businesses and schools annually. • Improve and expand the biodiversity value of gardens • Raise awareness of wildlife gardening through public and urban greenspace in the district. events and the media. • Work with the council parks department to improve the biodiversity value and interpretation of our parks, targeting one park per year. newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan | page 19

Urban greenspace Industrial and business sites Every garden, however big or small, Urban greenspace is a broad term for Many industrial sites have areas within has the potential to be a mini-nature green areas and habitats within the their premises that are of benefit to reserve. Many gardens already urban environment. These habitats can wildlife. Neglected corners provide support some level of biodiversity, provide havens for wildlife and people a refuge for a range of plants and but with a little more planning for alike. animals. wildlife in mind, we could be making a much more valuable contribution to Many of the parks within Newry and Old derelict buildings can provide protecting our native plant and animal Mourne are excellent open spaces shelter for bats and nesting places species. for wildlife. Parks are generally larger for birds such as the starling, swallow and more mature than gardens and so and house martin. New industrial In the summer, gardens provide a great have a more diverse range of wildlife sites can also be valuable for wildlife if source of nectar for bumblebees and associated with them. Large trees found landscaped using native flowers, shrubs butterflies, which in turn attract small in parks can support larger birds and and trees. mammals and birds. In the winter, mammals such as owls and badgers. when everything is dormant and the weather turns colder, gardens provide If the park has a sizeable pond, valuable hibernation spots for wildlife. wildfowl and otters may also be found. Typical species found in gardens Parks are usually managed for both include blue tits, robins, house formal and informal recreation, but sparrows, hedgehogs and bats; as well many could be developed to increase as huge numbers of insects. their value for wildlife. Good examples of public parks in the district include Kilbroney Park, Rostrevor Forest Park Pipistrelle Bat © Robin Moffitt and Slieve Gullion Forest Park. Gardens Gardens are where most people first experience wildlife. Whether it’s a ladybird, a bumblebee or a song thrush, gardens are essential feeding grounds and homes for lots of wildlife.

Gardens may be small individually but collectively they make up a large proportion of greenspace in Newry and Mourne. Gardens link urban greenspace with the wider countryside, Kilbroney Park © Newry & Mourne District Council

Warrenpoint Park © Newry & Mourne District Council House sparrow Bumblebees Hedgehog The house sparrow lives happily Bumblebees are very important The western European hedgehog was alongside humans nesting under roof pollinators of plants, from native selected as a UK priority species in tiles. It has suffered a decline recently species to agricultural crops. Bees 2007 due to a decline in numbers. due to a lack of insect food in the are declining as there are not enough Common in parks, gardens and summer and seed in the winter, and natural habitats left for them to live, farmland throughout the UK and is therefore classified as a Northern as well as the threat from alien species Ireland, they prefer woodland edges, Ireland priority species. elsewhere in the UK. Although species- hedgerows and suburban habitats rich grassland is the best habitat for where there is plenty of food such as most bees, urban gardens are also beetles, worms, caterpillars and slugs. providing an important haven for this declining group. page 20 | newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan Local action for Newry and Mourne’s species The biodiversity audit highlighted the variety of species and habitats found in the Newry and Mourne District.

Ten species have been selected by the Newry and Mourne LBAP Steering Group as priority species for initial conservation action (see the table below). These will therefore be included in the first round of SAPs for the district. Other species not selected for specific action will still benefit from HAPs.

Species Description Objectives Local Actions

Red squirrel A shy creature, spending • Collate recent sightings of • Work in partnership with most of its time in the red squirrels in the area. Forest Service to collect treetops of mixed coniferous • Educate and raise up to date records. woods feeding on seeds and awareness of the • Hold one public event cones. The introduction of importance of the during Red Squirrel week. the non-native grey squirrel species. • Set up a red squirrel group is threatening the future of • Maintain and increase to help monitor squirrel the red squirrel, as it out- existing populations of activity in areas of existing competes the red for food red squirrel in the area. suitable habitat. and habitat. © Mark Hamlin

Irish damselfly A rare damselfly native only • Identify and map • Survey suitable sites to Ireland, which can be distribution of the Irish and compile register of seen from May to July. It is damselfly throughout the distribution. confined to areas with good district. • Hold public events to water quality, as it is sensitive • Maintain and improve help manage appropriate to pollution. condition of existing sites for damselflies and suitable habitat. raise awareness of their • Raise awareness of importance. the importance of this • Hold identification indigenous species. training events to

© Robert Thompson increase number of species recorders. Otter Otters live in a variety of • Educate and raise • Promote recording and habitats including freshwater awareness of the otter surveying for otters. rivers, lakes and coasts. Signs and its habitat • Construct an artificial of otters have been recorded requirements. otter holt by way of throughout the district. • Maintain and improve demonstration to public. current suitable habitats. • Hold one public event per year focusing on the otter. © Mark Hamlin

Brown trout and salmon are • Gain further information • Work to develop fish both Northern Ireland SoCC. on the populations of population studies for They feed on small fish, frogs, trout and salmon across a number of important and insects flying near the the district. rivers and tributaries in water’s surface. Trout and • Work with stakeholders the district. salmon have been recorded in to improve the riparian • Work with Rivers Agency, White Water, Kilkeel, Cusher, habitat for fish species. ssssDCAL and Loughs Agency Clanrye and Kilbroney rivers. to improve the habitat where appropriate. Brown Trout © J Doherty newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan | page 21

Species Description Objectives Local Actions

Curlew The curlew is one of the • Maintain and improve • Work with landowners largest European wading condition of existing where curlew breed and birds, instantly recognisable suitable habitat, enabling also those with suitable with its long down-curved present numbers to habitat for breeding bill, brown upperparts remain and increase. – through promotion and long legs. They may • Raise awareness of the of agri-environment frequently be seen in areas decline of curlew and the schemes. with a good supply of threats facing them. • Highlighting threats and invertebrates. issues through the media. © John Doherty

Juniper A prickly shrub that tends to • Raise awareness of • Raise awareness of the be found in exposed areas the importance of this species through such as rocky outcrops. It is indigenous species and its education and events. one of only three conifers habitat. • Promote further native to Ireland. • Monitor the population recording through talks of juniper in the district with the public and and promote further landowners. recording. © Laurie Campbell

Harbour porpoise This species is one of 24 • Raise awareness of the • Organise one event per cetaceans (whales, dolphins importance of this year to promote and porpoises) recorded off species. recording in the district. the coast of Ireland. It has • Promote recording and • Promote schemes such as been recorded off the Co. sighting scheme through WiSe through talks with Down coast at Bloody Bridge. the Irish Whale and local boat owners. Dolphin group. © Randal Counihan Randal © • Promote code of conduct for behaviour around marine wildlife e.g. WiSe scheme.

Yellowhammer Occurs in arable and mixed • Raise awareness and • Promote recording farming areas in the Newry recording of through at least one press & Mourne District. Birds feed yellowhammer and other release and event per on grain and seeds in winter farmland birds. year. time and invertebrates in the • Improve summer and • Work with DARD summer breeding season. winter-feeding by to promote entry targeting farmers & and commitment to landowners to take up arable options in agri- © Laurie Campbell agri-environment arable environment schemes. management options. • Plant at least one giant bird table on council owned land.

House sparrow A common bird in many • Conserve existing • Promote recording gardens. Numbers have population. through the wildlife dropped in certain areas due • Raise awareness of the gardening competition. to a lack of insect food in importance of house • Produce at least one press summer and winter seed. sparrow and their nest release per year and run sites. one event per year to

To find out more about the Newry and Mourne LBAP project, please contact:

Newry and Mourne Biodiversity Officer Newry and Mourne District Council O’Hagan House Monaghan Row Newry BT35 8DJ

Telephone: 028 3031 3100 Fax: 028 3026 4482 Email: [email protected] Web: www.newryandmourne.gov.uk or www.ulsterwildlifetrust.org/biodiversity (click on local biodiversity officers) newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan | page 23 We are appealing to as many people as possible to get involved in the Newry and Mourne LBAP and do their bit for local biodiversity. Together we can work to halt the loss of biodiversity, much of which is caused by human activities.

Here are some of the ways you can get involved in the Newry and Mourne LBAP either individually or as a community group, organisation or business:

Gardening with wildlife in mind Enjoy your natural You can download recording cards Your actions and activities in your environment from www.ulsterwildlifetrust.org own garden, community or school We are surrounded by our natural or contact the Biodiversity Officer garden can greatly benefit our local environment from parks and directly. This information can help guide specific action locally and will biodiversity. Simple things such as gardens to the wider countryside. also be fed into Northern Ireland’s putting up bird boxes and feeders, The simplest way to see and enjoy it is to go walking. Newry national recording scheme at the planting native trees, growing and Mourne is a superb walking Centre for Environmental Data and nectar-rich flowers or creating destination, offering a wide range of Recording (CEDaR). insect habitats will help provide walks that cater for a broad range food and shelter for a variety of of fitness, ability and experience. species. Walks range from flat coastal routes to testing slopes and mountains. Even if you don’t have a garden, window boxes and hanging baskets can have a positive effect on wildlife, as well as providing a colourful addition to your

windowsill. Meadow training event Volunteering There are, and will be, many practical conservation and survey projects within the District that would benefit from your time and help. Projects Walkers in the Mournes © Harry Goodman include tree planting, sowing There are also a number of way wildflower seeds, planting bulbs, marked ways in Newry and Mourne hedgelaying and digging ponds. including the Ring of Gullion, Keep an eye out for information in Mourne Way and the Newry Canal your local paper if you want to get Way. For further information on your hands dirty to help wildlife. Goldfinches on Feeder © Richard Burkmarr walking routes in the district please visit www.newryandmourne.gov.uk, If you are a constituted group, Joining the Newry and Mourne www.walkni.com or Newry Tourist business or organisation, you Wildlife Garden © Helen Freeston LBAP partnership Information Centre. could create your own biodiversity The Newry and Mourne LBAP project and help to implement the partnership meet twice yearly to Collecting records Newry and Mourne LBAP. Get in hear more about the biodiversity in The Biodiversity Audit process touch to let us know what you are the District and also to help shape revealed that there are some gaps doing and if you need any help. the Action Plan. All partnership in habitat and species records. meetings are advertised in the local Recording wildlife is very important press and are open to everyone. as it helps determine what we have and also how well populations are doing locally. It is not just The more individuals, groups and priority species and habitats that businesses we have on board, the are important, common species more impact we’ll make in halting and habitats are very much under- biodiversity loss in the District. recorded. Volunteers hedgelaying © UWT page 24 | newry & mourne district local biodiversity action plan Glossary

AONB Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. This is designated under the Nature Conservation and Amenity Lands (NI) Order 1985 to protect and enhance large areas of landscape. ASSI Area of Special Scientific Interest. These are designated under the Environment (NI) Order 2002 as areas of land that have been identified as being of the highest degree of conservation value. CEDaR Centre for Environmental Data and Recording. DARD Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. DCAL Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure. HAP Habitat Action Plan. LBAP Local Biodiversity Action Plan. NNR National Nature Reserve. RoSA Regeneration of South Armagh. SAC Special Areas of Conservation. These are protected sites designated under the EU Habitats Directive, which are the most seriously threatened habitats and species in Europe. SAP Species Action Plan. SoCC Species of Conservation Concern. Species that have undergone a decline in numbers (1% per year over the last 25 years), or where Northern Ireland is a stronghold for the species. These species require monitoring because they may need conservation action in the future. SPA Special Protection Area. These are protected sites classified in accordance with Article 4 of the EC Directive on the conservation of wild birds, also known as the Birds Directive. They are classified for rare and vulnerable birds, and for regularly occurring migratory species. WFD Water Framework Directive. Acknowledgements

The Newry and Mourne LBAP could not have been produced without the guidance and assistance of a number of people.

The Newry and Mourne LBAP Steering Group has provided valuable advice and assistance throughout the process. The group is made up of representatives from Newry and Mourne District Council, Northern Ireland Environment Agency, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Culture Arts and Leisure, Mourne Heritage Trust, Loughs Agency, RoSA and the Ulster Wildlife Trust.

Thanks must also go to a few individuals without whose hard work and dedication, the project could not have happened – John Farrell, Director of Environmental Health, Newry and Mourne District Council; Kevin Scullion, Assistant Director of Environmental Health, Newry and Mourne District Council; Danielle Cookson, Newry and Mourne Biodiversity Officer; Ciaran Mullan, Conservation Manager, Ulster Wildlife Trust; and everyone that contributed photographs for this publication. Also thanks to the other local Biodiversity Officers for their advice.

Many thanks also to the Northern Ireland Environment Agency and the Landfill Communities Fund for funding the project.

Finally, a huge thank you to all the members of the public who have supported the project so far; we look forward to continuing to work with you to ensure a district rich in wildlife. Slievemeen, Killowen © Richard McGivern, Warrenpoint Slievemeen, Killowen © Richard McGivern, Warrenpoint Ulster Wildlife Trust

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