For 31 Years, Margaret Justin Served As the Dean of Home Economics, Providing Leadership for Innovation and Progress
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In a world focused on things, we focus first on people. In a world focused on things, we focus first on people. In a world focused Le�acyon things, we of focus first on people. In a world focused on things, we focus first Leader��ipon people. In a world focused on things, we focus first on people. College of Human Ecology Kansas State University 119 Justin Hall Manhattan, Kansas 66506-1400 Human Ecology at Kansas State University 785-532-5500 • www.he.k-state.edu About this book The author of “Legacy of Leadership: Human Ecology at Kansas State University” is Carol Kellett. Dr. Kellett served as dean of the College of Human Ecology from 1998 to 2006 and is currently a professor in the School of Family Studies and Human Services. Dr. Kellett wishes to dedicate “Legacy of Leadership” to Dean Doretta Hoffman and Associate Dean Ruth Hoeflin, who were both inspiring role models and mentors during her undergraduate study in the College of Home Economics at K-State from 1965 to 1969. Alexandria Teagarden, an undergraduate honors student and 2010 alumna of Apparel and Textiles co-authored the comprehensive book, “The History of Human Ecology at Kansas State University,” with Dr. Kellett and contributed to “Legacy of Leadership.” Copyright © 2010 Kansas State University College of Human Ecology Copyright permissions granted by Kansas State University Library Archives, Kansas State University College of Human Ecology, Riley County Historical Society, Kansas State University Photographic Services. Legacy of Leadership Foreword For the first settlers to the Manhattan area, the prairie had an entirely different look than it does today. For the leaders who came here in search of new opportunities, the task of fulfilling their vision must have seemed crystal clear. In the 1860s the same small group of individuals built the town, formed the government, established the religious framework for the community, and founded Bluemont Central College, which we know today as Kansas State University. Just a decade later, leaders at Kansas State Agricultural College founded one of the first two domestic science programs in the nation — the beginning of today’s College of Human Ecology. K-State leaders recognized the need for an institution of higher learning. Through the years, K-State leaders recognized what knowledge can do for the people. In a world focused on things, we focus first on people. This has been the very essence of the College of Human Ecology at Kansas State University for almost 140 years. This book celebrates a Legacy of Leadership by depicting the people and places that mark the journey from domestic science to human ecology. 1 Settlers and Bluemont Central College — 1858 Manhattan — 1855 Manhattan colonizers organized Bluemont Central College, the precursor to Kansas State Agricultural College and Kansas State University. An act At the time of its founding, Manhattan was of Congress approved a donation of 100 acres of land on which a building on the edge of the frontier without access to was erected. The official charter of Bluemont Central College was granted the railroad. The Santa Fe and Oregon Trails in February 1858. The cornerstone was laid in May 1859, and instruction were nearby, and westward movement brought began in 1860. After Kansas became a state in 1861, Bluemont College pioneers who settled on homesteads in the area. was established as a public college. The site for the town of Manhattan was Meanwhile, a new concept extended higher education to all people instead established in 1855 and was called New Boston of restricting it to a privileged few. Land-grant colleges were established until a group of prospective citizens arrived in 1862 when President Abraham Lincoln approved the Morrill Act, and named it Manhattan. In 1866 the original donating public land to each state to provide a land-grant college. homestead of the Stone House was constructed. The renovated and expanded Stone House is still in use today, located on the site of the Hoeflin Early Childhood Education Center and Chandler Institute of Child and Family Studies. Early Poyntz Avenue, Manhattan 2 Bluemont Central College, 1860 A new coeducational college provided the foundation for creating a woman’s course. President’s Home, 1865 Farm Machinery Building, 1863 Illustration Hall, 1876 Kansas State Agricultural College — 1863 In February 1863 Governor Thomas Carney and the Kansas Legislature accepted the Morrill Act. The trustees proposed Bluemont College as the land-grant college and the Kansas Legislature accepted it. No other state had officially established its college. Therefore, Kansas State University claims to be the first official land-grant college in the nation. The college was named Kansas State Agricultural College in the same year. 3 Leaders and legacies: The first 50 years of Human Ecology at K-State The year 1873 marks the beginning of human ecology at K-State. 4 Hattie Cheseldine (1873–1875) In 1873 Hattie Cheseldine, a widow with four children, began teaching the first college credit class offered to women in the United States. With support from President John Anderson, Cheseldine began teaching dressmaking and sewing on the first floor of the original Bluemont College Building. She served on the faculty until 1875. One cold morning in 1873 Cheseldine laid the fire to warm Bluemont Hall for her 12 students, who were learning to make and sell millinery as a business. How could she have known that she was creating a spark in women for self-reliance and service that would influence the world? Hattie Cheseldine, 1875 Mary Cripps (1875–1882) Mary Cripps provided leadership for the woman’s course from 1875 through 1882. She became superintendent of sewing in 1875 and taught household economy and hygiene. Also in 1875, the domestic courses moved from the original Bluemont College building to Farm Machinery Hall. The cooking and sewing laboratories moved to the Mechanical Building in 1881. Mary Cripps, 1880 5 President Joseph Denison, 1863–1873 Domestic Science Laboratory Class, 1899 Woman’s course (1873–1899) Kansas State Agricultural College (KSAC) was the first land-grant college to provide academic credit for women. First called Household Economy or Domestic Economy, the classes became a national President John A. Anderson, 1873–1879 model for other colleges. A historical study by alumna Virginia Railsback Gunn points to controversies about this distinctive approach to women’s education. While some believed that higher education was important for women, others did not. The KSAC program focused on expanding educational roles and providing career preparation as well as domestic skills for women. KSAC President Joseph Denison envisioned a time when domestic economy would be added to industrial and agricultural courses offered at the college. President John Anderson supported the curriculum in domestic economy, with emphasis on practical study that prepared women to earn a living and be “industrialists rather than butterflies.” In the early years, names for the program included domestic science, domestic art and household economics, including the study of foods and President George T. cooking. When George Fairchild became the college president in December 1879, he continued Fairchild, 1879–1897 support for the domestic courses. 6 What’s in a name? There is agreement that throughout its history this field of study known by many names has emphasized improving the quality of life of individuals, families and communities. However, appropriate names have been debated throughout Women’s Education the history of the discipline and profession. During the first 50 years at Kansas State, some names of programs and units were: women’s education, domestic science, domestic art, household economics, domestic Domestic Science economy and home economics (1909–1986). Although human ecology (also known as human oekologie) was suggested as a name for the field during the Lake Placid Conferences (1899–1908), home economics was selected Domestic Art as the name of the discipline at the Lake Placid Conference in 1904. By 1900, there were two departments for the woman’s course at KSAC: Domestic Science and Domestic Art. Among Household Economics the specific disciplines of study were industrial sewing, dressmaking, millinery, cookery, hygiene, sanitation and household chemistry. In 1912 KSAC was formally organized into divisions. In addition to the departments of Domestic Domestic Economy Science and Domestic Art, there were groups of classes known as Home Economics and Home Art. In 1919 instruction in human nutrition was transferred from the Chemistry Department to Home Economics. Home Economics Laboratory facilities for nutrition and textiles research were equipped based on the increasing priorities for research. At this time there were four departments in the Division of Home Economics: Clothing and Textiles (formerly Domestic Art); Food Economics and Nutrition; Applied Human Ecology Arts; and Household Economics. Both baccalaureate and graduate study were reorganized, and educational standards were enhanced. 7 Nellie Sawyer Kedzie Jones (1882 to 1897) Among the most recognized early leaders, Nellie S. Kedzie founded successful domestic science and domestic art programs in Kansas, Illinois and Wisconsin. She also participated in several of the Lake Placid Conferences (1899–1908) that culminated in the founding of the American Home Economics Association. When Kedzie joined the faculty in 1882 as superintendent of sewing, she was the only woman on the KSAC faculty. Kedzie was the first woman to hold professor rank and the first female department head. She was beloved for helping students become efficient industrialists and homemakers. Moreover, Mrs. Kedzie designed a postgraduate teachers’ course that prepared heads of new home economics units Nellie Sawyer Kedzie, 1880 that were developing across the United States. As a result of program expansion, Elida Winchip joined the faculty in 1884. Students of Nellie Kedzie, 1884 Elida Winchip, 1885 Nellie Kedzie founded programs in Kansas, Illinois and Wisconsin.