Archaeol10gical Site File Management: a Southeastern Perspective
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ARCHAEOL10GICAL SITE FILE MANAGEMENT: A SOUTHEASTERN PERSPECTIVE Sites per Sq. Mile D o.cxn 10 0.1 D 0.101 to 0.2 • 0.201 to 0.4 • 0.401 to 36.036 The Readings in Archeological Resource Protection Series, published by the Interagency Archeological Services Division, is an outgrowth of the "Coping With Site Looting: Southeastern Perspectives" symposium held during the 54th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Since the inception of the series in 1990, it has had the support and cooperation of many individuals who have contributed their time and resources. The Site File Management Workshop, held in March 1995, and this publication, were made possible, in part, with special funding provided by the National Park Service through its Partnerships in Cultural Resources Training Initiative. Cover map courtesy Anne Gisiger, Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies, University of Arkansas. READINGS IN ARCHEOLOGICAL RESOURCE PROTECTION SERIES No. 1 Coping With Site Looting: Southeastern Perspectives - Iohn E. Ehrenhard, Editor No. 2 Site Destruction in Georgia and the Carolinas - David G. Anderson and Virginia Horak, Editors No. 3 Archaeological Site File Management: A Southeastern Perspective - David G. Anderson and Virginia Horak, Editors ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE FILE MANAGEMENT A SOUTHEASTERN PERSPECTIVE David G. Anderson and Virginia Horak Editors Readings in Archeological Resource Protection Series - No. 3 Interagency Archeological Services Division Atlanta, Georgia 1995 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION > David G. Anderson and Virginia Horak . • . • .• , . 3 THE SITE FILE AS A RESEARCH DATABASE: THE ALABAMA EXPERIENCE > Eugene M. Futato ................................................. , .... 6 COMPUTERIZED SITE FILES IN ARKANSAS: UTILIZING NEW TECHNOLOGIES > Lela Donat ................................. , ......... , , . 10 SITE FILE IN THE SUNSHINE: THE FLORIDA MASTER SITE FILE > Marion F. Smith, Jr. .......................... , , , , . , .................. 18 THE GEORGIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE FILES AND GIS: A USEFUL BEGJNNING > Mark Williams . , • , . 29 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE FILE USERS OF ALL KINDS: A VIEWPOINT FROM 'KENTUCKY > R. Berle Clay ................................... , , , , , . 34 A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE SURVEY IN LoUISIANA. > Philip G.· Rivet ...................... , ........... , , ................... 38 THE UTILI1Y AND POTENTIAL OF THE MISSISSIPPI ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE FILE > Keith A. Baca and Joseph A. Giliberti . 54 THE MANAGEMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE FILES IN NORTH CAROLINA > Almeta Rowland and Dolores A. Hall ....................... , , . 62 SITE FILE MANAGEMENT IN PUERTO RICO > Miguel A. Bonini . 66 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT WITHIN SCIAA: A SOUTH CAROLINA PERSPECTIVE > Keith Derting and Jonathan Leader . 72 1 Archaeological Site File Management: A Southeastern Perspective IMPROVING SITE RECORDING ACCURACY IN A GIS: A SOl.J1H CAROLINA EXAMPLE > James D. Scurry and Ruth E. Carlson ....................................... 82 SITE FILE MANAGEMENT IN 1HE ELECTRONIC AGE: FuTIJRE DIRECTIONS IN TENNESSEE > Suzanne D. Hoyal and Kevin E. Smith . 88 EXCERPTS FROM WORKSHOP DISCUSSIONS • . • • • . • . • • . • . • • • . • . • . 95 SITE FILE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: MYIHS, ILLUSIONS, AND REALITIES > l,ee Tippett . 103 MANAGING AND EXCHANGING INFORMATION ABOUT ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES IN 1HE ELECTRONIC AGE > S. Terry Childs .. : . 107 SITE RECORDS IN 1HE SOU1HEAST: AN OVERVIEW OF PRESERVATION EFFORTs AND CHALLENGES > Michael Trinkley . 114 SITE FILE MANAGEMENT IN 1HE SOU1HEAST > David G. Anderson . 120 CON'IRIBUTORS • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • . • . • • . • • • . • • . • . • • . • . • • • . 138 2 INTRODUCTION David G. Anderson and Virginia Horak The articles in this volume derive from a work Atlanta, and from Michael Auer, Sylvia Rose shop of southeastern site file managers that took Augustus, and Rowland Bowers in the Wash place March 22-23, 1995, at the GIS laboratory ington Preservation Assistance Division. in the Department of Anthropology at the Uni This volume is the third in the Readings in versity of Georgia, Athens. The workshop was Archeological Resource Protection Series pub jointly sponsored by the National Park Service's lished by IASD. It serves as a companion to Interagency Archeological Services Division earlier volumes dealing with site looting (Ehren (IASD), the Lamar Institute, and the Department hard 1990) and site destruction (Anderson and of Anthropology at the University of Georgia. Horak 1993). Funding for the workshop and this resulting publication came, in part, from a fiscal year 1995 grant from the National Park Service's PROJECT OBJECTIVES Partnerships in Cultural Resources Training Initiative. As of early 1995, over 180,000 historic and pre The workshop participants were: David G. historic archaeological sites have been recorded Anderson, Keith Baca, Miguel (Mickey) Bonini, in the Southeast-a figure that is growing at a Terry Childs, Berle Clay, Keith Derting, Lela rate of almost 10,000 sites a year. Site files are Donat, Eugene Futato, Joe Giliberti, Dolores a critical aspect of our nation's cultural heritage, Hall, Virginia Horak, Suzanne Hoyal, Sharon the primary and, in many cases, only records Pekrul, Philip (Duke) Rivet, Almeta Rowland, documenting the location, content, and condition Kevin Smith, Marion Smith, Lee Tippett, and of cultural resources in an area. The ability to Mark Williams. Their addresses are included in access and use this information efficiently is the Contributors section at the end of this critical to the effective management of cultural volume. David J. Hally, Steve Kowalewski, and resources in the region. Furthermore, when sub Robert Rhoades, all from the Department of ject to technical analysis, these site file records Anthropology at the University of Georgia, also are capable of providing important insights attended part of the workshop. about where past human populations lived and Most of the workshop participants con where significant, yet currently unrecorded, cul tributed papers for this volume. Jim Scurry and tural resources may be found. Michael Trinkley, both of whom had been The March 1995 workshop and this sub invited to attend but had other commitments, sequent publication are intended to foster com also provided articles. The workshop was organ munication between southeastern site file man ized by Anderson and Horak. Mark Williams of agers and their data providers. The ultimate goal the Lamar Institute and LaBau Bryan of the is to help improve the regional database. Department of Anthropology at the University Another related purpose is to present infor of Georgia assisted with local arrangements. In mation on the state of archaeological site file producing this volume, Anderson handled tech management in the Southeast to a broad na nical coordination while Horak assumed primary tional audience. The articles herein illustrate responsibility for copyediting and manuscript current information management practices in the assembly. Assistance from within the National region; strengths and weaknesses of the systems Park Service in completing this project was that are in use; and some of the solutions that provided by John E. Ehrenhard, Chief, IASD in have been devised to deal with specific records 3 Archaeologkal Site File Management: A Southeastern Perspective management problems. The articles also high ingly, could help foster both a greater awareness light the importance of site file data for both of the approaches employed in each state and cultural resource management and research. better communication between the people re Other subjects that are touched on include sponsible for maintaining these systems. This the importance of site file data to successful could lead, over time, to the site file data from review and compliance; the need to maintain state to state becoming more comparable and accurate and up-to-date information (and how to accessible and, as a result, more useful for re do this); ways in which site file data is being search and resource management purposes. integrated into geographic information systems In mid-1994, the editors of this volume (GIS); and the degree of accessibility of site file submitted a proposal entitled Site File Manage data. Appreciable attention is directed to press ment and the Technical Review Process: Inven ing concerns facing site file managers, such as torying Cultural Resources at the State and maintaining accurate data, dealing with massive Federal Level to the National Park Service's backlogs, and properly utilizing staff resources. Partnerships in Cultural Resources Training Increased awareness of the importance of site Initiative program. The proposal was accepted file data should, we believe, lead to an im in late 1994, leading to the ensuing workshop provement in the forms being submitted by and this publication in March and September professionals and avocationals, as well as to an 1995, respectively. increased support for these systems. We also The workshop was a combination round hope this volume will help information man table and symposium, with informal presenta agers around the country justify greater effort tions by representatives of each organization, on behalf of the professional and lay public to followed by open discussions. The meeting carefully record and update information on opened with welcoming remarks by Dr. Robert archaeological and historic sites. Southeastern Rhoades, Chairman of the Department of An archaeologists