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GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION of LUNAR REGOLITH SIMULANTS by CHUNMEI HE Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

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GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION of LUNAR REGOLITH SIMULANTS by CHUNMEI HE Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LUNAR REGOLITH SIMULANTS By CHUNMEI HE Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Xiangwu Zeng Department of Civil Engineering Case Western Reserve University May, 2010 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of _____________________________________________________ candidate for the ______________________degree *. (signed)_______________________________________________ (chair of the committee) ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ (date) _______________________ *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. v LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................. xi ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Past Lunar Exploration ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Future Lunar Exploration ..................................................................................... 8 1.2.1 Why the Moon?............................................................................................. 9 1.3 Motivation for the Research ............................................................................... 12 1.4 Scope of Work .................................................................................................... 14 1.5 Outline of the Disseatation ................................................................................. 16 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................... 18 2.1 Lunar Environment ............................................................................................ 18 2.2 Lunar Regolith .................................................................................................... 24 2.2.1 Formation of the Lunar Regolith ................................................................ 25 2.2.2 Lunar Samples ............................................................................................ 27 2.3 Geotechnical Properties of Lunar Regolith ........................................................ 34 i 2.3.1 Particle Size Distribution ............................................................................ 36 2.3.2 Particle Shapes ............................................................................................ 42 2.3.3 Specific Gravity .......................................................................................... 44 2.3.4 Bulk Density and Porosity .......................................................................... 52 2.3.5 Relative Density .......................................................................................... 61 2.3.6 Shear Strength ............................................................................................. 66 2.3.7 Compressibility ........................................................................................... 75 2.4 Review of Lunar Regolith Simulants ................................................................. 80 2.4.1 MLS-1 ......................................................................................................... 81 2.4.2 JSC-1 ........................................................................................................... 85 2.4.3 GRC-1 ......................................................................................................... 90 2.4.4 Other Lunar Regolith Simulants ................................................................. 93 CHAPTER 3 GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF JSC-1A ......................................... 95 3.1 Method for Creating JSC-1A ............................................................................. 95 3.2 Geotechnical Properties of JSC-1A .................................................................... 98 3.2.1 Particle Size Distribution ............................................................................ 99 3.2.2 Specific Gravity ........................................................................................ 109 3.2.3 Maximum and Minimum Densities .......................................................... 113 3.2.4 Porosity and Void Ratio ............................................................................ 116 3.2.5 Compaction Test ....................................................................................... 117 ii 3.2.6 Shear Strength ........................................................................................... 120 3.2.7 Compressibility ......................................................................................... 130 3.3 Conclusions of JSC-1A Lunar Mare Regoligh Simulant ................................. 136 3.4 Particle Size Distribution of JSC-1AF Dust Simulant ..................................... 140 CHAPTER 4 GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF NU-LHT-2M .............................. 143 4.1 Method for Creating NU-LHT-2M .................................................................. 144 4.2 Geotechnical Properties of NU-LHT-2M ........................................................ 148 4.2.1 Particle Size Distribution .......................................................................... 148 4.2.2 Specific Gravity ........................................................................................ 153 4.2.3 Maximum and Minimum Densities .......................................................... 154 4.2.4 Porosity and Void Ratio ............................................................................ 155 4.2.5 Compaction Test ....................................................................................... 156 4.2.6 Shear Strength ........................................................................................... 157 4.2.7 Compressibility ......................................................................................... 160 4.3 Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 162 CHAPTER 5 GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF GRC-3 ........................................ 164 5.1 Method for Creating GRC-3 ............................................................................ 164 5.2 Geotechnical Properties of GRC-3 ................................................................... 169 5.2.1 Particle Size Distribution .......................................................................... 169 5.2.2 Atterberg Limits ........................................................................................ 172 iii 5.2.3 Specific Gravity ........................................................................................ 177 5.2.4 Maximum and Minimum Densities .......................................................... 178 5.2.5 Porosity and Void Ratio ............................................................................ 179 5.2.6 Compaction Test ....................................................................................... 180 5.2.7 Shear Strength ........................................................................................... 181 5.2.8 Compressibility ......................................................................................... 184 5.2.9 Stiffness and Poisson’s Ratio .................................................................... 186 5.3 Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 198 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................... 200 6.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 200 6.2 Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 201 6.2.1 Geotechnical Properties of JSC-1A .......................................................... 201 6.2.2 Particle Size Distribution of JSC-1A ........................................................ 202 6.2.3 Geotechnical Properties of NU-LHT-2M ................................................. 203 6.2.4 Geotechnical Properties of GRC-3 ........................................................... 204 6.3 Suggestions for Future Study ........................................................................... 206 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 208 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Lunar exploration timeline .................................................................................. 5 Table 1.2 NASA lunar exploration themes ....................................................................... 10 Table 1.3 Subcategorized objectives for lunar exploration .............................................
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