HAS THE SUPREME COURT

:. IS EXCEEDED ITS POWERS ?

Here is why some believe it has.

if.]

,1 .1 'i^p '

Welcome ScotchTheWorld Over! DEWARS White Label

86.8 PROOF BLENDED SCOTCH WHISKY ©SCHENLEY IMPORTS CO., NEW YORK. N.Y. . AbOUt ^7i„ (PRICES MAY VARY ACCORDING TO STATE AND LOCAL TAXES.) The American

NOVEMBER 1967

Volume 83, Number 5

POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1954 LEGION Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 The American Legion Magazine Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10019

Publisher, James F. O'Neil Contents for November 1967 Editor Robert B. Pitkin A RECORD OF FLAG DESECRATION 6 Art Editor Al Marshall BY THOMAS A. HOGE Assistant Editor A review of unlawful acts of contempt for the flag, and of John Andreola the legal controls—present and proposed. Associate Editors Roy Miller James S. Swartz HAS THE SUPREME COURT EXCEEDED ITS POWERS? 10 Assistant Art Editor BY NEWTON FULBRIGHT Walter H. Boll Production Manager The Supreme Court is at a low ehb of national respect. Public criticism, Art Bretzfield resentment and ridicule of it abound, while many legal scholars Copy Editor agree that it has dangerously exceeded its powers and Grail S. Hanford abandoned its traditional restraint. What is the Circulation Manager case against the Court, and what Dean B. Nelson remedies are proposed? Indianapolis, Ind. Advertising Director Robert P. Redden IS NOW THE TIME TO ELIMINATE FARM SUBSIDIES? 16 Chicago Sales Office TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION Raymond W. Welch, Jr. pro: rep. PAULFINDLEY (R-ILL.) 35 East Wacker Drive Chicago, 111. 60601 con: rep. frank A. STUBBLEFIELD (D-KY.) 3)2 CEntral 6-2401 THE GREAT CHICAGO FIRE 18 CHANGE OF ADDRESS: BY PAUL DITZEL Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, An account of the 36 hours in Chicago's history when the Ind., 46206 using Post Office Form 3578. Attach old address label and heart of the city was leveled by the roaring give old and new addresses with ZIP Code holocaust of 1871. number and current membership card number. .\lso be sure to notify your Post Adjutant. NEW CASTLE, DEL—FROM 1651 TO NOW 23 The American Legion BY ALDEN STEVENS Publications Commission: James E. Powers, Macon, Ga. (Chairman); A travel article for today's motorists about a three-centuries-old Howard E. Lohnian, Moorhead, Minn. (Vice

town that was an important port in America's early Chairman) ; Bob Whitteniore, U' atertown, S.D. years. Thirty-ninth in the series "Seeing (National Commander' s Representative); Lang .'\rmstrong, Spokane, Historic America." Wash.; Charles E. Booth, Huntington, 11. Va.; Adolph F.

Bremer, Winuna, Minn. ; John Cicero, Swoyer- ville. Pa.; Clovis Copeland, Little Rock, Ark.; HOW TO PROTECT YOUR CREDIT RATING 24 Paul B. Dague, Downingtown, Pa.; Raymond BY JOE GORES Fields, Guymon, Okla.; Chris Hernandez, Savannah, Ga.; George D. Levy, Sumter, S.C.; Credit today is almost as important as cash was yesterday, and a good Dr. Charles R. Logan, Keokuk, Iowa; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, personal credit rating is a priceless asset to almost everyone. N.Y.; Morris Meyer, Stark- ville. Miss.; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge, La.; Here an author with experience in repossessing unpaid-for Robert Mitchler, Oswego, III.; Harry H. goods paints the inside picture of how your Schaffer, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Bradley J. Stephens, Los credit rating is judged. Altos, Calif.; Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi, Ind.; Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn.; Robert H. Wilder, Dadeville, Ala.; E. Meade Wilson, Mulberry, Fla.; Edward McSweeney, NOVEMBER 11—VETERANS DAY 28 New York, N.Y. (Consultant) BY NATIONAL COMMANDER WILLIAM E. GALBRAITH brief illustrated A feature by the Legion's National Commander The American Legion Magazine is published outlining how Armistice Day became Veterans Day, monthly at 1100 West Broadway, Louisville, Ky. 40201 by The American Legion, Copyright and it what stands for. 1967 by The American Legion. Second-class

postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price : single copy, 20 cents; yearly subscription, J2.00. Departments Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir- culation Department of The American Legion, P.O. Box LETTERS 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. TO THE EDITOR 2 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 39 Editorial and advertising offices: 720 EDITOR'S CORNER 4 PERSONAL 5lh Ave., 44 New York, N.Y. 10019. Wholly owned by DATELINE WASHINGTON 15 BOOKS 49 The American Legion, with National Head- quarters VETERANS NEWSLETTER 29 LEGION SHOPPER 54 at Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. William E. Galbraith, National Commander. NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 31 PARTING SHOTS 56

Manuscripts, artwork, Advertising Sales Representatives cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed stamped envelope is JE Publishers Representive Co. included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material! 8380 Melrose Avenue Los Angeles, California 90069

420 Market Street San Francisco, California 94111

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 — ,

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Letters published do not necessarily ex- for the heart of the idea would lie in press the policy oj The American Legion. Keep letters short. Name and address must the help it would give to expanded de- be furnished. Expressions opinion of and velopment of sports for our youth in requests for personal services are appreci- ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or general. answered, due to lack oj magazine staff for As a physician in the field of mental these purposes. Requests for personal serv- ices which may be legitimately asked of health, I cannot overemphasize the value The American Legion should be made to of regular sports activity in maintaining your Post Service Officer or your state (Department) American Legion Hq. Send not only physical but mental fitness in letters to the editor to: Letters, The our increasingly American Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave- complex society. More nue, New Yorl^;, N.Y. 10019. emphasis on play, and opportunity to learn play and its skills, will be ever OUR OLYMPIC BEGGARS more vital to the mental health of the sir: Congratulations to Irving Jaffee for nation. suggesting a reasonable solution to our The Lifetime Sports Foundation, fi- deplorable Olympic financial situation nanced by private industry, endorsed by Plan to Rescue Our Olympic Beg- ("A President Johnson and headed by

gars," September) . All true sports lovers former Oklahoma football coach Bud would be only too glad to pay a little Wilkinson, is dedicated to developing extra for admissions if it would aid our skills in those sports that our youngsters Olympic effort. I would like to suggest can continue to enjoy throughout busy that the Legion, as a national public adult years. service, get together with the Olympic The Foundation is interested in work- Committee and promote a "Nickel-a- ing with community groups, i.e., schools Ticket" campaign. Let's show the rest of or Legion Posts, in organizing instruc- the world what we can do athletically if tional and competitive programs that we really try. will introduce more youngsters to such Donald G. Ohl lifetime sports as bowling, golf, tennis Lewisburg, Pa. or badminton. The project may later include other lifetime sports such as sir: Irving Jaffee's article is a good ex- swimming, skating and cycling. The position of a condition that has long Foundation will be glad to answer plagued U.S. athletes on an Olympic queries from interested groups at the scale. Jaffee missed, however, on the address below. "Los Angeles Olympic Club." Edward D. Greenwood, M.D. The Olympic Club, oldest amateur Research Committee Chairman athletic club in the U.S.A., has for gen- Lifetime Sports Foundation erations been a San Francisco institu- 1725 K St., N.W. tion, and its interest in development of Washington, D.C. 20006 amateur athletes goes back to Jim Cor- bett and includes many U.S. champions Dr. Greenwood is also director of the in many types of individual and team Menninger Foundation's Division of sports. It has assisted unattached ath- School Mental Health and a former letes at all modern Olympiads—back to deputy director of the Joint Commis- Warren Kerrigan's sprinting at Athens sion on Mental Health for Children. and its beneficiaries have won many medals. Philip J. Sinnott AN OUTLET FOR UNPUBLICIZED VIEWS San Francisco, Calif. sir: To a great extent, conservative and patriotic opinion is not welcome in much 525 $495 We know, and so did Mr. Jaffee, that of the large mass communications media. FIFTH FIFTH the Olympic Club is in San Francisco. The small man of less than national Perhaps our psychiatrist can tell us why reputation is seldom heard. This is due we moved it to L.A. not to apathy on the part of individuals, but because they have not found media

SIR: I liked Mr. Jaffee's article and hope in which their views can be sounded. that those in the sporting world will go The peaceniks, the beatniks, the social- along with his suggestion for raising ist-oriented, the agitators, those espous- money to help our athletes. This should ing so-called new morals (or no morals) have been done many years ago. pot, pornography, anti-patriotism and James J. Finck atheism; and the fellow-travelers and Richmond Hill, N.Y. their ilk who have brought near-anarchy to this country, have a near monopoly MORE SPORTS FOR MENTAL HEALTH of expression in the large communica- tions media, only to sir: May I add a medical comment to advocate more of the Irving Jaffee's proposal to tax America's same. sports fans in order to finance our long- But many local newspapers will pub- neglected Olympic teams and give a shot lish opposite opinions in "Letters to the in the arm to amateur sports? Editor." They definitely offer an avenue

I especially commend Mr. Jaffee's for such expression. * Local taxes and prices may vary fay state, statement that helping the Olympics J. Ellis Bowen urn OISTILIERY CO., KV. © LOWSVllU, would be only the "frosting on the cake," West Newton, Mass.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 This is what it feels like to be a whisker contours of your face into every crag and these things in the Norelco Tripleheader about to get a close, fast, comfortable cranny. Underneath, 18 rotary blades Speedshaver® 35T. And you get all of them Tripleheader shave. stand ready to whirl whiskers away at 77 with the new Norelco Tripleheader Re- Don't be scared. miles an hour. 40% faster than any Norelco chargeable 45CT (the rechargeable that Even though thisNorelco shaves so close ever shaved you before. packs twice as many shaves per charge as we dare match it with a blade, there's not a And there are some things you can't see any other. Works with or pull, not a pinch, not a nick. And those in this picture. A pop-up trimmer. 1 10/220 without a cord, too.) ^ three round discs? Those are Norelco voltage selector. On/off switch. Snap- Want to put on M Microgroove™ heads. Shaved down even off cleaning. Morelore shaving features thant a happy face tomor- thinner than this magazine page. For a any other shaver row morning? You 35% closer Norelco shave. on the market. can't come closer Norelco 'floating heads' swing with the You get all of'/Vore/co than this.

The close, fast, comfortable electric shave

©1967 North American Philips Company, inc., 100 East 42ncf Street, New YorK, N. v. 10017, other Products: Rembranat Square Lotions, Hearing Aids, Radios, Audio-Video Tape Recorders. Dic- tating Machines, Electronic Educational Kits, Medical-Dental X-Ray, Electronic Tubes, Commercial Sound, Closed Circuit TV, TV Studio, Motion Picture. Cryogenic and Telephone Equipment

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 READ 29 & 30 S-L-O-W-L-Y ies. It usually runs 101 to 102 the first READERS WHO LOOK fast at GUF Veterans day, then climbs to 103 before the fever Newsletter this month 29-30) reaches its (pages EDITOR'S peak. In children, it often goes are advised to look slowly, if they are in- higher. After that, the symptoms may de- terested in any phase of current veterans HHBHCORNER cline gradually, only to zoom again on the benefits. Our Newsletter summarizes a third or fourth day. This feverish condi- new law, which is very broad in scope, tion may remain for five to seven days. affecting veterans and their survivors in fluenza virus does not give immunity As the fever goes down, there is stuffiness many categories as far back as the Spanish against other types, today's vaccine sets throughout the sinuses, and coughing in- American War and before. If the first up an immunity for all known major flu creases. paragraph doesn't hit you, the ninth may. viruses. A simple inoculation gives some In treating influenza, most doctors rec- Vietnam servicemen and women, and protection, but a second dose taken about ommend bed rest and suggest aspirin to those with service since the Korean War, eight weeks later provides greater safety ease the pains and reduce fevers—and to should read it closely. There are many against the infection. be safe, let the doctor do the prescribing. new things for them, as well as for vet- The effect of the vaccination lasts from The extent and severity of an attack can erans of earlier wars and their wives and six to 12 months. Booster injections, to usually be controlled by following instruc- children. resist the flu virus, are usually given each tions at the onset of an illness. Patients We are sorry to say that this new law year, and the Communicable Disease Cen- are urged to consume fluids, stay on a diet still doesn't stop a pensioned veteran from ter urges yearly vaccination, especially for of soft foods and remain in bed as long as losing income if he gets more Social Se- persons over 65, the chronically ill and the sickness is severe. curity. We'll get back to that in future pregnant women—all high-risk groups. Thanks to the effective use of vaccines, issues and some other things too. But the The office of the Surgeon General of the viral infection is no longer a large- new law is a good and important one. the U.S. Public Health Service estimates scale killer. But influenza is treacherous. that vaccination for influenza gives pro- The moment a person feels better, he's INFLUENZA WARNING tection in 70% of the cases and indicated likely to regard himself as fully recovered. that 60,000 of the 86,000 deaths caused The flu bug is faking. It releases its A Guest Editorial By John A. Kraft, Jr. hold by flu epidemics from 1958 to 1961 might to get a better grip. Be smart. Don't cele- have been prevented with THE National Communicable Disease the current vac- brate a victory until it's won. Get your Center, in Atlanta, issued a warning in cine. strength all the way back before you ring early September of this year that "Sub- The disease is highly contagious. Infec- bells. stantial numbers of cases of A-2 (Asian) tion is transmitted through droplets (coughs and sneezes); direct influenza can be expected to occur during contact; THE GREAT RAT CONTROVERSY the 1967-68 season, especially in the East- newly infected articles, such as tableware; American Legion has no stated pol- ern U.S." It added that persons who have and, it is suspected, through the air. All THE icy on whether Congress should assign not been vaccinated since July 1963 should persons, regardless of age, are susceptible. federal funds to help wipe out four-legged receive two shots of vaccine after October Flu is especially serious when it attacks rats. But the Legion has long had policies 1 and complete the series by early De- those with chronic chest ailments, rheu- against two-legged rats. In our view Le- cember. matic hearts or diabetes. Influenza is no- gion policies against two-legged rats can Since all sorts of people are issuing all torious for so weakening patients that they be extended to four-legged rats. That's sorts of warnings every day, let's review are more susceptible to other infections. permissible under broad and permanent influenza vaccination and influenza itself Hence it is important to take it easy until Legion sentiments in to help us decide how to take this warning. strength is fully regained. Sinus infections, favor of what makes America a better place to live, and against Influenza is an acute, infectious disorder bronchitis and ear trouble may result. One the opposite. resembling a severe cold. Three factors of its complications is acute lobar pneu- For lack of authority, we duck the ques- combine to make it dangerous: flu hits monia, an inflammation of the lungs that tion of supporting any particular anti-rat hard, it spreads rapidly and it can be ex- hits persons in poor health particularly bill in Congress. in tremely debilitating. hard. But our judgment the four-legged rat continues to be a menace Italian astrologers in the 17th century The rugged individual who continues to the good life today. Indeed, without any believed the ailment could be traced to to work while suffering with influenza prompting from Washington and long be- the stars. Since it was thought to be in- greatly increases the risk of pneumonia. fluenced by the heavenly bodies, they Since the ailment spreads rapidly, he fore controversy over the nasty little rodents erupted in the halls of Congress, named it Influenza. brings unnecessary misery to others by re- we published a full-length piece called In its sudden appearance and its rapid maining on the job. "Man's Enemy The Rat, Today." (Octo- and extensive spread, flu often becomes If you come down with flu symptoms ber 1964.) That article was definitely epidemic. It has invaded ships at sea, hit- don't attempt to diagnose them yourself. anti-rat. ting with such power as to render their Dr. Collin H. Threlkeld, Jr., a Memphis crews unable to man them. In six weeks physician, points out the dangers in doing Now we are delighted to see that our Comrades in Maryland wasted not a mo- during the pandemic of 1918, it ripped so. "Symptoms resembling the flu could across the entire continent of Europe and be caused by something even more serious. ment in appropriating some of their was responsible for the loss of some 20 By seeking professional advice early, you money in the cause last August. Hardly million lives. may prevent severe discomforts." had Congress initially turned thumbs down the President's anti-rat bill than In 1933, in London, Wilson Smith, Although flu seems to strike suddenly, on F. W. Andrews and Patrick Laidlaw iso- the symptoms seldom appear until one Maryland Legion leaders, headed by lated the A virus. Seven years later, an to four days after a person has been ex- Commander Stanley King and Adjutant Burkhardt, to Baltimore's City American, Thomas Francis, Jr., and T. P. posed to the infection. His first warning Dan went Magill separated virus B. In 1944, Richard may come from feverish attacks followed Hall and gave Mayor McKeldin $1,000 Taylor detached and demonstrated the C by chills, headaches and muscular pains. for rat war. It was applied to scholarships virus, and during the 1953 epidemic, Jap- There may also be gastrointestinal upset for five ROTC students at Morgan State anese scientist A. Sendai singled out in- with nausea and diarrhea. The victim has College, Class of '68, for a special task. fluenza virus D. a poor apf)etite and a feeling of exhaus- They had volunteered to work with Balti- Discovery of the viruses set the stage tion. When his appetite returns, the physi- more's Bureau of Rodent Control for a for a vaccine that would provide an effec- cal depression remains with him. It may month—to attack rat breeding grounds tive screen against this infection. The last for days, even weeks. His discomforts and teach citizens in rat-infested areas of viruses were found to be alike in some often include a sore throat, head cold, the city how to continue the war after the respects, but an important difference be- cough and nausea. He feels and looks mis- students" return to college in the fall. came evident. erable. The Maryland Legion calls it Civic Although infection by one type of in- The temperature of a flu sufferer var- Action, and we say Amen. the end

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 BLENDED WHISKY, 86 PROOF, 65% GRAIN NEUTRAL SPIRITS. ©SCHENLEY DIST. CO.. N.Y. C.

Schenley... always in the center ofthings

^cheiile«l Naturally! It mixes beautifully... with soda, ice, people, good times!

Good things happen when you serve Schenley

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 5 By THOMAS A. HOGE

THE PAST YEAR, the flag of the INUnited States, symbol of freedom A Record of under which Americans have fought in four wars during this century, has been set afire by a university professor, hanged like a horsethief by an artist, used as a blanket by play acting students and Flag Desecration burned by demonstrators in front of thousands of witnesses. Each of these acts of desecration A catalog recent flouted laws on the books of all 50 of of episodes of contempt for the our states, as well as the U.S. Flag Code. Yet none of the violators has paid one cent in fines or served a day in jail. flag and what the law has and hasn't done about it. Putting the American flag to the torch has become popular sport among Com- munists and other anti-American ele- The U.S. Flag Code carefully spells on the Judiciary of the House of Repre- ments in different out flag parts of the world, etiquette with do's and don'ts. sentatives, which has finally drawn up a but but has U.S. citizens were shocked last provided no penalties at all for statute making flag desecration a federal April it violation. when happened in France, sup- crime punishable by a $1,000 fine and/ posedly an ally. "Some (state laws) carry penalties so or a year in jail. The statute was passed The incident occurred during a visit light as to provide no real deterrent." by the House on June 20 by an over- to Paris by Vice President Humphrey says Tower. "Some are not enforced. whelming vote of 385-16 and passed on and had ugly overtones. Demonstrators Some are poorly drafted and susceptible to the Senate for final approval. described by the Dean of the American Ever since 1900, there have been Cathedral as "young communists and efl'orts in Congress to make it a federal beatniks" tore the U.S. flag from the crime to burn or otherwise damage the Cathedral and burned it. Then they American flag, but it took a particularly mobbed and beat two U.S. Marines flagrant case to get legislative action. stationed outside the American Em- For years Congressman Emanuel Celler, bassy. Parisian officials later apologized chairman of the House Judiciary Com- for the incident, but Americans living mittee, bottled up such bills on the in Paris it say will be a long time before ground that the flag laws on the books of U.S. resentment over the attack dies all 50 states made federal legislation un- down. necessary. But this year mounting indig- Meanwhile, here at home scores of nation over flag burnings and other other Americans have defiled or muti- such acts forced Celler to give ground, lated national our colors over the past and turn the issue over to his subcom- five years, and with only a few excep- mittee. tions they acted with impunity. News- The House hearings were prompted papers have carried a stream of stories mainly by the now famous incident at a and photographs the of flag being put mammoth Vietnam peace rally in New to the torch, trampled spat and upon in York's Central Park last April. Demon- our streets and parks. There also have strators burned the flag unhindered de- been advertisements showing fashion spite the fact that a small army of police models reclining upon the Stars and and thousands of spectators were present. Stripes, chorus girls draped in replicas The Central Park incident might have of Old Glory and little else, and displays been forgotten had not newspapers of pillows, handkerchiefs, beach towels across the nation carried stark pictures and even horse blankets designed in the of the burning, thus whipping up a flag pattern. Old Glory, shaped to represent a symbolic furor in Congress and sparking public Our state laws are intended to pro- figure in a hangman's noose, was the work demands for federal action. of New York artist Marc IVlorrel. Gallery tect the American flag from insult or Testifying at the hearing. New York owner Stephen Radich, who displayed damage between our shores. They work, was fined, but Morrel was not Congressman Seymour Halpern gave a range from a token statute in Indiana bothered by the authorities. clue as to how the American flag could calling for a $5 to $10 fine (now in the have been burned at such a heavily at- process of being stiftened), to a Texas to successful challenge in the courts." tended event. "For some strange reason," law providing for imprisonment up to Some Congressmen also claim that the Halpern said, "the police of the City of 25 years. Other states federal government have termed flag —which has bent New York (and I get this on good au- desecration a misdemeanor actionable over backward to give opponents of its thority) were informed not to make an in their courts, set but no penalty to Vietnam policy a free voice—has passed arrest, and evidently, from what I guide judge or jury. Lawrence Phelps the word down to the state level to go gather, this was as a result of a consul- Tower, chairman of the United States easy on demonstrators who defile the tation with certain officials here in Flag Foundation, who has made a study flag in the name of peace. Washington." of the problem, says most of these state This came out at a recent hearing of For various reasons, most desecrators laws mean little. the subcommittee #4 of the Committee of the flag have gone unscathed over the

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 BLACK STAR sculptures, was not even given a sum- CONTINUED A Record of Flag Desecration mons. So-called flag art has been the center years. About the only deterrents have served the gallery owner a summons of other controversies, and it usually has been patriotic societies like The Ameri- charging violating him with the New taken considerable effort even to get it can Legion, the Daughters the of Amer- York State penal code. Radich also re- removed from display. Such a case oc- ican Revolution and the Flag Founda- ceived a summons from Tower's Flag curred in 1961 when a Boston art photo tion. But even these influential groups Foundation which contended that ar- exhibit featured a model reposing on a have rarely been able to obtain legal tistic freedom should not include dese- bedspread which happened to be the action against proven offenders. cration of the flag. flag of the United States. Hanging over In 1961 Tom Wesselman, one of the Radich turned to the ACLU which a window behind the girl were two more original "pop" artists, glued down an promptly provided him with legal aid. U.S. flags doing double duty as curtains. actual flag to create a curtain for a Defense counsel Richard Green based Tom Abely, a Massachusetts camera photographic his largely mural in his "Great Amer- case on the fact that Radich fan browsing through the exhibit, got ican #5." Nude It was viewed by was an honorably discharged WW2 one look at the flag photograph and critics as in veteran questionable taste and a tech- who had served as a radioman angrily lodged a protest with the di- nical violation rather than willful defa- aboard the ship taking President Roose- rectors of the art festival. But his com- mation. far as is velt to the As known, Wesselman Tehran conference. The ar- plaint apparently fell on deaf ears. Abely never encountered any opposition from gument had little efl'ect. then took his case to the Massachusetts authorities, who perhaps were unwilling The three-man court noted that na- Adjutant of The American Legion, who to tangle with the American Civil Lib- tions have gone to war for insults to complained directly to Boston Mayor erties Union (ACLU) which makes a their flag and ruled that freedom of Collins. Collins had more than a little practice of defending the "free expres- speech or art does not extend to desecra- influence in the matter since the Boston sion" of "art." tion of the colors. Radich was fined Art for art's sake became a more $500, or $50 a day for each of the ten serious issue last spring when a 29-year- days the exhibit was on display, with an old ex-Marine named Marc Morrel put alternative of 60 days in jail. That was several of his "stufi"ed sculptures" on as far as the court could go under New display at the Stephen Radich Gallery York law which sets a ceiling of $50 on New York's Madison Avenue. One for each act of flag desecration. The of the Morrel sculptures showed the mildness of the penalty evoked a blast flag as a cadaver hanging from a noose. from New York Congressman Seymour Another depicted the flag moulded in Halpern testifying before the House the shape of a sex organ draped on a Judiciary subcommittee #4. cross. "To some this may seem an adequate The noose motif represented Morrel's penalty," Halpern said. "But when you "protest against the war in Vietnam" consider that one of these so-called art and he freely admitted it was meant to pieces alone had brought $900 to the shock. The target of the law, however, purveyor of this disgusting filth, it be- was not Morrel, but Radich, for display- comes evident that even with the fine, it ing the "sculptures" in his gallery. Two still left him (Radich) a $400 profit." weeks after the exhibit opened, police Morrel, who created the controversial NEW YORK DAILY NEWS

In Augusta, Ga., a dead WW2 vet's flag was used io wrap his unclaimed pos- sessions, then dumped onto an ash can.

City Council gives the Festival $15,000 each year to stage its show. Collins rapped out an order and the picture dis- appeared from the exhibit. Attempts by authorities to prevent misuse of the flag in theatrical produc- tions have generally run into the legal technicality that what goes on behind the footlights is make believe and there- fore not subject to law. Last March, four students from the Yale School of Drama staged a produc- tion titled "Keep Tightly Clothed in a Cool Dry Place" at a dramatists' workshop in New York's East Village, playground of the hippie set. Tipped Another sort of flag desecration was revealed when longshoremen discovered old American flags among baled rags bound for Germany. After protest, flags were removed. that the American flag was playing some 8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 Authorities tried a diflferent strategy in the case of an oflf-Broadway company Second Childhood which staged an anti-war "happening" in a Greenwich Village playhouse. In- by l-.uticiua Slieppard stead of instituting legal action against the theatrical company, a move was made to revoke the theater's license, but this approach was also unsuccessful. The Licenses Commissioner rejected the

complaint although it was bolstered by additional claims that children were ap- pearing illegally in the performance and that the emergency exits in the playhouse were not properly marked. Abuse of the flag by teachers and visiting speakers in American schools has touched off periodic waves of pub- lic indignation, but so far the offenders have escaped legal prosecution. In early 1966, a self-styled anarchist- pacifist from Chicago named Joffre Stewart appeared before a meeting of the local chapter of Students for a Dem- ocratic Society at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. A student who in- troduced Stewart said the guest had in- dulged in flag burning on previous oc- casions, but added that he "has agreed not to burn the U.S flag during this program." After urging his audience to "uproot the power structure completely" by re- fusing to cooperate with the State, Stewart unfolded a small American flag and carried out what appeared to be a re- hearsed ritual. According to an eyewitness account before the House Judiciary subcommit-

tee, Stewart announced, "I said I An uproar resu Ited when this pointless illustration appeared in the now defunct New York Hera Id-Tribune. Picture violated nearly every clause of the Flag Code. wouldn't burn the flag tonight and I © FRED W. McDARRAH strange roles during the performance, the Police Department sent Plain- clothesman Daniel Kelleher to see the show. Kelleher saw enough to arrest the four student actors on the spot and charge them with desecrating the flag by mutilating, defacing and casting con- tempt upon it. Hauled into Criminal Court, the students were charged with using three American flags during the play which was set in a jail. Kelleher testified that one student had thrown the flag on the floor and rolled himself up in it, while another used it as a cover for his "groin." Once again the ACLU rallied to the defense of the accused. ACLU attorney Donald Levine asked that the charges be dismissed on grounds that the play rep- resented conditions in present-day so- ciety and the flags were merely props. War protesters parading last April also resorted to mockery of the flag. The case suddenly ended when Ass't District Att'y Jerry Slater asked the stein, dean of the Yale Drama School, won't." Wheeling aside, Stewart spit court to dismiss the charges "after con- to say he was "delighted" and to express twice on the flag. Turning to the left, siderable deliberation of my own and the opinion that there should be "com- he held up the banner and again spit after consultation with others." It was plete freedom of expression." twice upon it. He then tore the flag apart, not made clear who Slater consulted to "I hope the [New York] flag statute threw it on the ground and stepped on it. prompt this reversal of opinion. will be struck down as unconstitutional," Caught in the furor the incident The decision moved Dr. Robert Bru- Dr. Brustein said. {Continued on page 50)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 HAS THE Supreme Court

While extremists call for the impeachment of the Chief fancy that it would be an easy job to put the three branches of the government back in balance. They asked Congress to hold public hearings to "ascertain the Justice, even cool legal scholars warn that the Supreme feasibility" of simple legislation to re- strict the Supreme Court. Should that not prove feasible, they endorsed the is leading the nation to trouble. Here^s a short outline Court prospect of one or more amendments to the Constitution to "reassert the su- premacy of Congress in legislative mat- of the case against the Court. ters," in terms that "cannot be miscon- strued or ignored."

There is nothing simple about critiques By NEWTON FULBRIGHT the law, has busied itself writing new of the Supreme Court. There is nothing law and controlling its enforcement, simple about defining what its powers are YEAR, as last year, The Ameri- thus usurping the power of the Congress THIS or are not. Nor is it easy to change either can Legion National Convention and the Executive. the Court itself or its habits. called on Congress to "restore the Some specific complaints were spelled Attempts to discuss the Court and its constitutional balance of power" of the out by the Legion delegates. They dealt proper role may become bogged down in U.S. Government through legislation that with usurpation of power in general and old myths that the Court is sacrosanct, would limit or preempt the authority of with Supreme Court decisions that and bogged down even more by confus- the Supreme Court of the United States "weaken" or "emasculate" laws that are ing the merits of a matter before the in one or more of several specific areas. essential to the security of the nation and Court with the entirely separate ques- In Resolution No. 28, the 1967 Legion to procedures that are followed by law tion of the propriety of the Court as the Convention made it clear that, in the enforcement agencies in their pursuit of body to handle it at all, or of the way it opinion of the delegates, the Supreme crime and criminals. chooses to handle it. Court, under the guise of interpreting The Legion's 2,960 delegates did not To challenge the Court at all, one must LIROWN UROS. first dispose of the question of whether

it is sacrosanct.

There is no point discussing anything touching on the Supreme Court if one must start with the notion that the Court

is above criticism, change or restriction. It was Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes who said that the Constitution

of the United States is "what the Supreme

Court says it is." If this is literally true,

then the Court is superior even to the

Constitution. It is then beyond the reach of either the people or the law until such time as the present government of the

United States is abolished and a new one created. Anything else would be a waste of breath.

But it is not literally true that the Con-

stitution is what the Court says it is. The Supreme Court earned the right to interpret the Constitution with a fairly free hand over many years in which, by

and large, it exercised such self-restraint that the people consented to it—a re- straint which some great legal minds claim the present Court has abandoned.

Without that consent, the Court is the weakest, not the strongest, branch of the

government. It is only nine men. The Is the Court above criticism? Lincoln flayed the Dred Scott decision, letting slavery in the people, and Presidents, in years past, territories and by implication denying any state the right to exclude slavery. The decision was have defied the Court, restricted the illegal, political, and pushed the nation toward war, he said. In the 11th Amendment, Con- Court and criticized it. For example, gress and the people rebuked and limited the Court in 1795. President Jackson once re- fused to enforce a Court decision. Now, Amendments to curb the present Court are sought. after the first ten amendments to the 10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 tIPI

The U.S. Supreme Court before Justice Tom Clark (seated, left) resigned to be replaced by Thurgood Marshall. Others, seated: Justice Hugo L. Black, Chief Justice Earl Warren, Justices William 0. Douglas, John M. Harlan. Standing: Justices Byron R. White, William J. Brennan, Jr., Potter Stewart and Abe Fortas. Critics say majority abuses appointive office by legislating.

Constitution were adopted as one pack- cluded it. Lincoln accused the Court, un- The Court is not, then, above criticism age in the Bill of Rights, the 1 1th Amend- der Chief Justice Taney, of overstepping or control. Yet before one can freely de- ment, adopted in 1795, barred all federal its powers then and of helping bring on bate the Court's role today there still re- courts, including the Supreme Court, the Civil War through that decision. One mains the hurdle of separating questions from jurisdiction in cases in which a should not overlook the fact that the before the Court from the Court's role citizen sues a state. The 11th Amend- people—not the Court—annulled the in handling them. ment was written and ratified as a rebuke Dred Scott decision by waging war and If the Supreme Court today is as ar- to the Supreme Court. by amending the Constitution after the rogantly exceeding its powers as many

In the 1830's Andrew Jackson, as war. The nine justices could only abide claim that it is, it owes its success in

President, is credited with having said by the outcome. part to the divisive effect of the issues that Chief Justice John Marshall "has These events, quite apart from the is- on which it has handed down its most made his decision, now let him enforce sues involved, demonstrate that the Court controversial decisions. Those who agree it." That decision involved missionaries has never been sacrosanct, that it is not with its far-reaching decisions are as apt to the Cherokee Indians in Georgia. It superior to the Constitution or the peo- to support the Court, without respect to would never have been enforced had not ple, that it rules on the Constitution only questions involving the Court, as some the next elected Governor of Georgia with the consent of the people. (As an of an earlier generation approved of Mus- chosen to abide by it. aside, these examples also illustrate in solini for making the trains run on time. In his first inaugural address Abraham part the dangers of an irresponsible or Those who would criticize the Court find

Lincoln upbraided the Supreme Court overambitious Court. It is so difficult to themselves having to take stands, per- for the Dred Scott decision which, in ef- curb the Court that when the people or haps unwillingly, on side issues. There fect, admitted slavery to the territories the Executive become impatient with it, is little question that the Court reached from which the founding fathers, includ- they may assert themselves through ex- around the barn, and nakedly wrote new ing authors of the Constitution, had ex- treme measures.) law, in its basic school desegregation

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 H CONTINUED Has the Supreme Court Exceeded its Powers?

decision—trampling on botii the Con- gress and the states. But a jurist who is shociced at the non-judicial nature of the decision and the obvious writing of basic law by the justices may find himself tarred as a segregationist if he speaks out.

Yet the first school decision was soon a platform on which the Court would stand to claim more unrestrained powers for itself. Until the days of the present

Court it had been traditional that the Su- preme Court literally rules on the case before it, not the whole question as it may apply to other cases. It has been an as- sumption—and a reasonable one—that a different case on the same question might be ruled on differently, but that by and large a decision in one case would indi- cate how similar ones would go. Under this tradition the Court was spared accu- sations of reaching for power. It did not literally claim to write fixed and frozen rules to the last comma and period, as lawmakers attempt to do in their very different role.

But within a few years of the first major school desegregation decision the modern Court threw off all pretense that it tries one case at a time, or that it does not consider itself a legislative body. In a follow-up school case. Cooper vs. ". Aaron, it said: . . the interpretation of the i4th Amendment . . . enunciated by this Court, is the supreme law of the

.'" land . . . binding on the States. . .

This remarkable admission is tanta-

C. D. Ilalcheloi- in The New York Daily News

mount to the plainer language "This wrapped up in one blanket indictment it

Court, alone, has recently amended the is that the Court quite often second- Constitution." Gone is all pretense that guesses not the legality of what Congress in the first school case only that case does (a traditional right) but the wisdom

was decided. The Constitution limits "su- of Congressional acts, which is not its

preme law" to ( 1 ) itself, (2) laws passed business. The all-embracing charge is

"in pursuance" of it, and (3) treaties. that the Court has its own social theories, It remained for the modern Court to and since Congress doesn't enact them

claim that it, too, writes supreme law. into law, the Court does it on its own.

The Legion's 1967 resolution is no merely pretending that each new law that

more than a mirror of a very broad re- it writes is a valid interpretation of an action in the land against the present actual law.

Court. Oft" at one extreme are those who The charge is extremely serious. If a erect billboards calling for the impeach- board of justices appointed for life dur- ment of Chief Justice Earl Warren. But ing "good behavior," not answerable to cooler heads, the scholars of the law, are the people at the polls as the President

also disturbed. If all of the complaints and Congress are, is to originate "su-

against the present Court are to be preme law," it then indulges in a form Wnircn Klnpr In The New Viiik Daily 12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE NOVEMBER 1967 of tyranny that defies our basic concept of government by attribute to the Court a good share of the growing instability the people. in the nation. Many noted legal authorities have added particulars to the With mobs taking over in the larger cities, with the police basic fault found with the present Court. Some of these are: helpless and mayors and governors forced to call on the Army to restore order, popular reaction against the has in- • The Court is doing imperfect work by running a sort of Court legal production line, accepting cases and grinding out de- creased. By "coddling" criminals and granting immunity to cisions in haste to step up the scale of its social lawmaking. Communists to carry on their agitation; by disrupting legis- lative elective processes to conform to the reapportionment • A series of Presidents has maintained a Court majority rulings in state elections; by denial of prayer in the schools, that is amenable to writing decisions in support of vote-get- the Supreme Court is blamed emotionally for conditions of ting political platforms, and a majority of the justices has near anarchy that seem to threaten the pattern of American accepted the political role on which the appointments were society. based. In this process, more able jurists were by-passed. But what of the non-emotional comments of legal scholars? • The modern Court has focused its attention on the mat- Rene A. Wormser. New York attorney, scholar and author of "The Story of the Law and the Men Who Made It—From the Earliest Times to the Present," is one of those who believes that the Supreme Court, in much of its recent majority opin- ion, has erred broadly in appearing to abandon the role of interpreter of the law for that of social reformer. Mr. Wormser believes the criteria of a judge to be restraint and humility. These attributes have largely been lost sight of, he believes, since FrankUn D. Roosevelt, in 1936, undertook to enlarge the Court in order to defeat the "nine old men" who had blocked New Deal efforts to expand the powers of the federal government. Balked by Congress in his efforts to "pack" the Court, the former President resorted to naming only known "liberals" to the bench when vacancies arose. Mr. Wormser believes that the competence and dignity of the Court suffered severely and has continued to suffer from a process that puts politics above ability. "Why," he asks, "was not Judge Learned Hand named to the Court? Or Judge Harold R. Medina? Outstanding men, both of them—as was Roscoe Pound, former Dean of the

Sanders in The Greensboro Daily News "He's going to ask the Supreme Court for his daily prayer."

ter of equal rights and protection for citizens to the exclusion of other important aspects of our society. While the protec- tion of the rights of citizens under the Constitution is an im- portant function of the Court, the Court has (a) reached be- yond the Constitution in its legislative zeal to create rights rather than protect them, and has (b) sacrificed other con- siderations in the process. The clearest examples lie in the charge that the problems of law-enforcement have been ig- nored in the Court's zeal to "overprotect" persons accused of crime, and that the Court strains to protect Communists as "citizens" while blinding itself to what they are up to. • The Court has hamstrung the power of the state and federal governments to protect themselves from internal sub- version. • In many cases the Court has clearly written decisions to

achieve results desired by it, which is the very essence of law- making and no part of judicial interpretation.

• The Court has exceeded all reason in meddling in the

internal politics of the states, an area closed to all three branches of the federal government in the Constitution. • Finally (a charge viewed with most concern by those who understand the law and judiciary the best) the Court has shown an alarming lack of restraint. Legal scholars who voice these conclusions see enormous dangers in them for the country, and the same dangers are Canficld in The Newark Rvenini; News sensed by many of the people who, though unversed in law. "But Mommy, isn't that unconstitutional?" THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 13 CONTINUED Has the Supreme Court Exceeded its Powers?

Harvard Law School, an outstanding authority on American suspended from practice for a year for insults she allegedly jurisprudence. Why wasn't Dean Pound ever named to the hurled at the presiding judge while attending a public hearing. Court?" The Brennan decision revoked her suspension, and through-

His question is an indictment of a climate that places poli- out the decision ran the suspicion that it was weighing sym- tics above scholarship and party above character and sobriety. pathetically the case of Sawyer's clients rather than her own The late Justice Felix Frankfurter, toward the end of his alleged contempt for the Hawaiian court. Frankfurter wrote career on the Court, found himself more and more at odds that the majority decision neglected relevant evidence, and its with his "liberal" associates. finding "impairs the responsibility of the bar . . . and

"It is not the business of this Court to pronounce policy," . . . of criminal lawyers engaged in the conduct of trials." he said in 1958. "Self-restraint is of the essence of the judicial oath, for the Constitution has not authorized the judges to sit in judgment on the wisdom of what Congress and the ex- ecutive branch do." SEZ WHO? Professor Henry M. Hart. Jr.. of the Harvard Law School, said a year later: "It has to be said that too many of the Court's opinions are about what one would expect could be written in 24 hours. . . . Few of the Court's opinions—far too few—genuinely illu- minate the area of the law with which they deal." Chief Justices of the Court, from Charles Evans Hughes through Harlan Fiske Stone to the late Fred M. Vinson, had voiced a philosophy of "judicial restraint." But Chief Justice Warren, who succeeded Vinson, joined the "liberal" members in pursuit of what critics of the Court call "judicial activism." Of this. Harvard Law Dean Erwin N. Griswold said in I960 that the law and the public are poorly served when the

Court judges a case to bring on a result it seeks. Professor Philip B. Kurland, of the Chicago University Law School, listed four criticisms of the Court in 1964. First, in its concern with "equality" it cares less than earlier Supreme

Courts did for "due process of law." Second, its reach for power divides and confuses the federal system. By assuming the role of a second rulemaker (Congress being the first) uniformity in lawmaking is giving way to a confused diversity.

Third, the Court is building its own power at "the expense of the power of the other branches of government, national and state." Fourth, there is an "absence of a workmanlike product, an absence of right quality" in Court decisions. But some of the most forceful criticisms of the Court have been voiced within the Court itself, in the minority opinions of dissenting Justices. Former Justice Robert H. Jackson assailed the majority opinion penned by Chief Jus- tice Warren that freed 1 1 convicted Communists of con- spiracy charges in Dennis vs. U.S. The Court, Justice Jackson noted, had been severe in con- demning conspiracies in the world of business, labor and man- It encouraged the trying of cases in the press instead of in agement. But here, in the case of defendants joining in con- the courtroom, he said. certed action "to undermine the whole government" the Court Justice White's dissent in Miranda vs. Arizona (a land- wa.s treating conspiracy as a "civil right." mark decision in the social legislating of the present court A 1967 decision annulled New York's Feinberg Law to regarding the rights of accused persons) said that the decision keep Communist Party members from infiltrating public ignored the security of other individuals and their property, school faculties and the state civil service. It drew from re- by giving too much freedom to criminals. He reminded the cently retired Justice Tom Clark a scathing minority report, Court that its passion for "human dignity and civilized values" in much of which he was joined by Justices Harlan, Stewart was ill-served by giving criminals more leeway to prey on and White. The majority decision was a "blunderbuss" ap- others with impunity. proach with an "artillery of words" having a "non-existent" Justice Harlan, in Harper vs. Virginia, objected that the bearing on either the case itself or the final decision. "No court was creating rights (a lawmaking function) more than court has ever reached so far to destroy so much with so giving equal protection to all people to enjoy existing rights little," said Clark. American Legion Commander John E. (a judicial function). It was rigidly imposing its ideology Davis, two-time Governor of North Dakota, characterized on America. the decision as one that invaded the field of judging the Some of the severest critics of the modern Court go the professional competence of state employees—no business for whole route. Some practices of today's Court, they say, are a court. patently more unconstitutional than some of the laws it Justice Frankfurter assailed a majority opinion written by upsets. Even the Court's champions sense the merit of that Justice Brennan in 1959. A female lawyer. Sawyer, while de- charge, for they strain to devise Constitutional excuses for the fending clients against subversive charges in Hawaii, had been Court's actions. (Coniiniied on page 40)

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 , —

DATELINE WASHINGTON POLYGRAPHS VS PRIVACY. CANAL DEFENDERS AT EASE. U.S. AND NATO ALLIES.

In the midst of the heated debate over racial civil PEOPLE AND QUOTES activi- rights, which dominates the domestic legislative SHARE VIETNAM SACRIFICE ties of Congress, the Senate has qu ietly passed a "It is our view that the a civil rights bill for the U . S. measure hailed as American people generally Civil Service. - not just the armed forces Sen. Sam J. Ervin, Jr. (D-N. C. ) , a champion of Con should share the sacrifice in- stitutional rights , drew up the measure in a move to volved in Vietnam." AFL-CIO he unwarranted invasion of the per- prohibit what termed President George Meany. sonal privacy of federal government employees . A principal target of the legislation was the growing COLD WAR DEAD?

use of polygraphs (lie detectors) and psychological "We cannot . . . take it as testing for civil servants and applicants for govern- given that the Soviets, sweet ment jobs. The Senate bill would ban these practices talk to the contrary, have aban- except when needed for reasons of national security by doned force as the extension of the CIA, NSA or FBI. diplomacy by other means." Neither the lie detectors nor the tests have "mys- Ambassador Harlan Cleveland. tical powers" for predicting behavior. Senator Ervin U.S. RACE RIOTS told his colleagues, adding "... there is no "It's of utmost impoi'tance place for this sort of 20th century witchcraft in a free the society." to all of us how the United States handles its race riots, for what's going on there on a na- Congressional defenders of the Panama Canal —deter- tional plane is very likely to happen throughout the world in mined to prevent easing or l oss of U.S. control over the the future." Franz Cardinal big ditch c onnecting the Atlanti c and Pacific Oceans — are breathing easier these days. Konig, of Vienna. Some months ago, a small but determined band of legis- LOCAL CONTROL lators began to organize opposition against an Admin- "Only local government can istration move to sign three treaties with Panama. efficiently police our great Under these treaties the United States would give up cities. . . . Only local govern- its full and perpetual rights to canal control attained ment can avoid the dangers of in 1903, and give the little nation of somewhat more a police state." Attorney Gen- than 1 million people a voice in running the canal, plus eral Ramsey Clark. increased income from its traffic. The treaties were a year in the making, and followed an outburst of anti- FARM CHALLENGE Yankeeism in the Central American republic. "The greatest challenge of However, when Nasser nearly threw the world into our age is to banish hunger war with his whims in connection with running the Suez from the earth in our time. It Canal Washington support for new Panama arrangements is only by opening the horizon lost enthusiasm. Meanwhile, in Panama, just about all of agiicultural knowledge and the, opposition parties, from right to left, have risen techniques and productivity to protest the treaties on the ground that Panama that this can be done." Secre- doesn't get a big enough share of control. tary of Agriculture Freeman. So the ditch defenders here are at ease, and the FOR NONINTERVENTION United States continues to look over possible routes "I am not of the opinion that for a new canal without any fanfare. we should interfere in local

conflicts. . . . We are not the world's policeman." Senate Ma- Despite the current spurt of irritation between the jority Leader Mansfield. United States and its NATO allies, the United States still believes that it s best bet to hel p lead the world ALL WRONG to peace and prosperity is in concert with its "The affluent are wrong if

Atlantic partners of the past two decades . they think poverty can be de- Looking ahead, the United States sees general peace stroyed without personal sacri- as depending on reunification of Germany, with consent fices. The poor ... if they think

of West and East ; political unification of Western they can get out of poverty Europe, and joint East-West aid to the underdeveloped without making any effoi'ts nations of the world. themselves." Sargent Shriver.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 15 Opposing Views by Congressmen on Tlie Question...

IS NOW THE TIME "YES" THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S attitude toward Agricul- press prices—agam. ture remains a weird paradox. Freed of price-depress- At a time when our overall economy is prosperous ing government programs, and expanding, the government keeps agriculture farmers will keep consum- chained to control and subsidy programs—costly to ers well supplied at fair taxpayers but harmful to farmers—that originated in prices. Farmers are actu- the depression. ally quite capable of mak- Inevitably, this subjugation makes farmers one of ing their own decisions the few, if not the only group, denied full participation without government influ-

in the nation's free enterprise system. Under it, farm- ence and interference. ers must depend upon federal government payments Together with several for 20 of their net income. other members of Con- Rep. Paul Findley Early this year, the parity ratio for farmers—the gress, I have introduced (R-lll.) 20th District yardstick that measures how well farmers are doing legislation (H.R. 8001) in relationship to the rest of the economy—fell to the that would do away with costly and ineffective wheat lowest point since 1934. and feed grain programs and replace them with a busi- Farmers should be turned loose to produce. nesslike system of guaranteed credit. This bill counts There never was a better time. Demand is husky, among its supporters the largest farm organization in and farmers want to do the job themselves. the nation, the American Farm Bureau Federation. If—as the U.S. Department of Agriculture contends I am convinced that farmers are anxious for this —this is not the time to unshackle the farmer, then legislation. I know consumers will be for it when they farmers face a hopeless and bleak future. understand it, especially since it gets rid of the regres- Much of the farmer unrest is caused directly by the sive bread-and-flour tax which hits poor people so fear among farmers that the government—although hard. The major obstacle to passage of this legislation occasionally talking sympathetically about the cost- is the government bureaucrat who dislikes the pros- price squeeze on farmers—really is pursuing a cheap pect of being compelled to dismantle an expensive food policy to ensnare consumers. government apparatus which serves a political The trap for consumers is very vivid. purpose. If farm prices continue to deteriorate, consumers will be hurt in the long run because farmers will refuse to produce in adequate amounts. Farmers are now reluctant to increase production because they are wary of rebuilding surplus stocks that the government could dump onto the market to de-

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this big

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 TO ELIMINATE FARM SUBSIDIES?

EXCEPT FOR COTTON, and offer farmers an effective way to keep from returning some tobacco, agricul- to surpluses. tural surpluses that were Even in years when production is relatively bal- accumulated in the 1950 's anced with needs, farmers face price problems at are gone. Domestic and harvest time. Heavy marketings at harvest knock export demand for Ameri- prices down. But with price-support programs to can farm products is at a strengthen their holding power, farmers can get loans record high, and never in on their crops giving them operating and living capital the past 12 years have allowing them to withhold their crops from the market. American farm products They are, thus, able to market their products later been in a better supply- when prices are better. This is a good price protection Rep. Frank A. Stubblefield demand balance. for the farmer. (D-Ky.) This does not mean, Without programs, feed grain and cotton production First District however, that the com- would exceed available market outlets by as much as modity price support and adjustment programs can 25 million tons for feed grains and 4 million bales for safely be discontinued. cotton. Without programs, all the acreage diverted in Several leading economists at nine U.S. universities 1967 and earlier years could come back into production. found in a recent study that in the absence of adjust- Again, farm output would shoot up, and farm income ment and price support programs, rising crop produc- would drop. With no price-support programs, it is esti- tion would drive prices down rapidly. By 1970, ac- mated that total production would increase 10% to cording to the study, corn would drop to about 10

come, and the voluntary programs now in operation I have read in The American Legion Magazine for November the arguments in PRO & CON: Is Now The Time To Eliminate Farm Subsidies?

IN MY OPINION NOW IS THE TIME TO ELIMINATE NOT TO ELIMINATE FARM SUBSIDIES.

SIGNED. issue, fill out the ''ballot" and mail it to him.- ADDRESS. TOWN. STATE.

You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 17 Harper's Weekly published this drawing of the fire three weeks later. It shows the extent of the flames over the city's three districts

In October 1871^ old Chicago was a tinderbox, need- By PAUL DITZEL OPPRESSIVE Indian summer heat THEhovered like an ominous cloud over tinder-dry Chicago that Sun- ing only a spark to ignite it. it was struck in the day evening, October 8, 1871. Since the day before the Fourth of July, a full 14 weeks earlier, only a smattering of rain O^Leary barn and for 36 hours fire ravaged the city. had dampened the Queen City of the Midwest. What relief the showers had

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 EliiC MONDKRG COLLECTION able, residential North; industry and the crowded, dingy cottages of the lower- middle income class shared the Western division, while some of the city's worst slums were located in the South, sur- rounding the business district known to- day as The Loop.) With temperatures registering well above 80 degrees, the city had already experienced an unusual number of fires; nearly two dozen of them in that past week alone. On Saturday night, Chi- cago's worst fire in nearly three years had destroyed the Lull and Holmes Planing Mill and four square blocks of cottages in the West Division. It was in the West Division, in an area of Irish and Bo- hemian immigrants, and some eight blocks from the mill fire, that a 35-year- old laborer named Patrick O'Leary and his family lived. O'Leary had bought the 25-by- 100- foot lot at 137 De Koven Street, on the north side of the street and almost mid- way between Jefferson and Clinton Streets, for $500, in 1864. Two cottages, one immediately behind the other, and a barn at the far end of the lot stood on the property. O'Leary rented the front cottage to a railroad worker, Patrick McLaughlin, and his family. O'Leary, his wife, Catherine, also about 35, and described in contemporary accounts as tall and stout, and their children, Mary, 4, and James, an infant, lived in the other cottage. Mrs. O'Leary ran a neighborhood milk route and kept several cows and a calf in the barn, which, that afternoon, had been stocked with three tons of tim- othy hay. If little else is known of the O'Learys,

even less is known of the events which occurred on their property shortly after 8 o'clock that night. Certain it is, how- ever, that a legend was about to be born concerning history's most famous milk- ing scene and a cow that kicked over a lantern. Perhaps the most complete ac- count was supplied by an O'Leary neigh- bor, Daniel Sullivan, a drayman who walked with the aid of a wooden leg. In testimony later before a Chicago Board of Police and Fire Commissioners In- quiry, he said that out of loneliness he went to the O'Learys shortly after 8 p.m. and found they had already gone to bed; Mrs. O'Leary after complaining of and damage done as well to ships in the harbor. a sore foot. Sullivan then hobbled to the Mc- Laughlin cottage where a party was in brought to the city's 334,720 sweltering of wood. What fire-resistant brick, stone progress. Sensing he was unwelcome, he citizens was quickly blotted up by the and Athens marble structures had been sat down against a fence across the street winds that blew almost continually from put up were primarily multiple-story to listen to the fiddle music from the off the parched prairies to the south and commercial structures in the South Divi- McLaughlins'. west and shoved away any cooling sion. (The city was divided into three Sometime after 8:30, SuUivan saw a breezes that tried to intrude from Lake divisions—North, West and South—by small fire burning in the O'Leary barn. Michigan. the "T"-shaped Chicago River. There Shouting "Fire!" he hurried across the Chicago was ripe for burning. Fully were the gaudy mansions and the mid- street and into the barn where he untied two-thirds of its 60,000 dwellings were dle-class frame houses in the fashion- two cows and a calf before heat and THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE NOVEMBER 1967 19 CONTINUED The Great Chicago Fire thickening smoke drove him out. As he fled, his wooden leg caught between two floorboards. He pitched forward, caught himself, and stumbled out into the yard as the O'Learys were coming from their cottage. Patrick was scratching his head,

""as if there was a foot of lice in it." and Mrs. O'Leary was "clapping her hands for grief." Sullivan testified. Neighbors rushed from their homes with pails of water and formed a bucket brigade. Although the fire was blistering the rear of the O'Leary cottage and spreading to adjacent barns, nobody thought to turn in an alarm until William Lee, an O'Leary neighbor, ran three blocks south to Bruno GoU's Drug Store where Firebox No. 296 stood outside at Canal and Twelfth Streets. Goll had a Mrs. O'Leary and her cow. Unproved legend holds that fire started this way. key to the box. He ran outside, unlocked the box and turned the handle. For some neighbor ran into Goll's. The druggist testified later, and asked, "Are you in- reason never explained, the alarm was said help was on the way, but just to play sured?" When O'Leary said no, the hose- not received at the Courthouse fire-alarm safe, he turned in another alarm. That man turned the pipe away from the cot- office. alarm was not received, either. tage and directed the stream onto adja- In the Courthouse, slightly more than A citizen dashed into the quarters of cent buildings, presumably protected a mile to the northeast, Fire-Alarm Op- the fire-fighting steamer Chicago, on Jef- with insurance. The fact that the wind erator William J. Brown was playing his ferson near Van Buren Street, and gave was blowing away from O'Leary's house, guitar for his sister, Sarah, and her girl- the alarm. He pointed north. The Chi- plus incredible luck, saved the cottage friend, Martha Dailey, who had brought cago turned out of the enginehouse and and it remained standing while others him dinner. At 9 o'clock, Sarah noticed headed in that direction. The O'Leary around it were leveled. a glow off to the southwest. Her brother barn was to the south. But firemen on At 10:20 p.m., Brown sounded a third passed it off as a rekindle of the Lull duty at the stations of the American alarm which called out the remainder and Holmes fire. He resumed his play- Hose Cart and the Little Giant Engine of the fire department's 185 men, 17 ing. Company did, by now, notice the flames steam engines, four hook and ladders. Mathias Schafer, the man on fire and headed in that direction. 54 hose carts, two hose elevators and watch in the Courthouse tower, was At 9:40 P.M., as he saw the glow one fire escape rig. Still Chief Williams showing visitors the new four-sided clock spreading and flames beginning to etch was confident. Even if the blaze con- the Astronomical Society had presented the skyline off to the southwest. Brown tinued north, it would run into the flat- to the city when he, too, noticed the decided to strike a second alarm to call tened area of the four-block Saturday glare. He assumed it to be a rekindle of out more apparatus. Again he tolled Box night burn. That would certainly stop it. the earlier fire or a reflection from the 342. The glare was so great, however, Within half-an-hour, the wind-driven West Side Gas Works. that the firemen in the district paid no firebrands had set a dozen more fir-es far A few minutes later, Schafer looked attention to the announced location and behind the firemen's battlelines. Sweep- again. The glow had become more vivid. headed instead for the O'Learys'. ing up the fountains of sparks from these Focusing his spyglass, he decided that a When Chief Fire Marshal Robert A. new fires, the wind broadcast them still new fire had indeed broken out. Schafer Williams galloped onto the scene in his farther to the north and east. Spectators whistled down the speaking tube to buggy he found five steamers, among who had flocked to the area now ran Brown and called. "Strike Box 342, Ca- them the Chicago—which had not gone home and began to carry belongings out nalport and Halsted." far in the wrong direction before its into the streets, until they found fires As gongs clanged in firehouses and the driver saw the mistake—three hose carts sprouting all around them and fled. Courthouse bell tolled three times, and the Protection Hook and Ladder Sparks peppered the abandoned paused, tolled four more times, paused, Company attacking the fire as it at- household goods. The wind scooped up and tolled twice, horses were hitched and tempted to gnaw north toward houses blazing mattresses and sent them, along steamers, smoke chuffing from their shiny along Taylor Street. The tall, spade- with other flaming debris, leapfrogging copper boilers, clattered from fire sta- bearded chief thought that the fire could blocks ahead of firelines, plopping the tions. But the firemen stationed nearest be checked with the apparatus on hand. burning material down, finally, on still to the O'Learys went back to whatever But Williams did not take into con- more wood-shingled rooftops. Soon. 20 they were doing. Box 342 was one mile sideration the growing wind from the square blocks of homes were ablaze. their beyond the O'Learys' and out of southwest, nor ill luck when the Amer- Flames were chewing toward Satur- district. ica's hose line burst simultaneously with day night's burn faster than a man could Focusing on the glow again, Schafer the breakdown of the Chicago's pump. walk, when a firebrand shot, spear-like, realized his error, but Brown refused to The fire leaped hungrily into the wood into the roof of St. Paul's Catholic strike the correct box number: maintain- frame cottages on Taylor and the wind Church, a huge edifice at Clinton and ing, as he testified later, that the right seeded firebrands among shanties along Mather Streets. St. Paul's shared the location would only lead to confusion. Ewing Street, three blocks north. block with William B. Bateham's acre- Fifteen minutes later, another O'Leary A hoseman approached O'Leary, he and-a-half wood-shingle mill and the

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • N OVEMBER 1967 BROWN BROS. PICTURE COLLECTIOM: N.Y. PUBLIC LIBRARY

Firemen fought hard to stem fire's spread. Families, with what possessions they could carry, rushed to escape driving flames.

three-story Roelle Furniture Finishing Wells Street), an area of tawdry board- and decided the best attack would be to Co. Also in that block were 1,000 cords inghouses, saloons and gambling halls. blast firebreaks. With some volunteers, of wood stacked in 25-foot-high piles At midnight. Sergeant Kaufman, head he broke into the Armory and took 1 V2 and 600,000 board feet of furniture lum- of the U.S. Weather Signal Office, took tons of gunpowder. After pressuring offi- ber. The block was quickly engulfed. one last look at his anemometer before cial sanction to proceed—and never The superheated air rose, sucking up abandoning his station. The device was quite sure he wasn't even then exceeding the flames in a fiery vortex. It drove them registering 60-mile-an-hour winds. At his authority—he and the group went to with gale-like force across the narrow LaSalle and Madison Streets, where the work. They set off a blast in the Union Chicago River and into the South Divi- steamer Coventry was pumping water on National Bank, but the explosion only sion where more than half the city's $700 a blazing building, the wind bent back blew out the windows and facilitated the million commercial wealth was located. the firefighters' streams before they could entrance of sparks which quickly took First to blaze up was the block-square shoot ten feet from the nozzles. root in the doomed building. Parmelee Stage and Omnibus Building James H. Hildreth, a former city al- In the Courthouse tower. Watchman at Franklin and Jackson. Next to go was derman and well-meaning busybody, Schafer was stomping out roof fires Conley's Patch along Fifth Avenue (now gauged the fire's ferocity and headway while Mayor E. B. Mason, in his office

BROWN BRO.S.

Panicking crowds choked the bridges leading to safety, but no area was safe as the fire soon spread into every district.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 21 5

Hordes took refuge in secure open area of a cemetery on the outskirts of the city.

CONTINUED outside. He ran to a window that looked tower, which still stands at Chicago Ave- The Great Chicago Fire down upon the city and later described nue and Michigan Boulevard as a monu- the fire as "devouring the most stately ment to the fire. Still the flames stalked below, sent telegrams to mayors of other and massive buildings as though they had northward, swallowing up block after cities: "CHICAGO IS IN FLAMES. been the cardboard playthings of a child. block and, in their greed, turned back

SEND YOUR WHOLE DEPART- . . . One after another they dissolved, capriciously to overwhelm areas missed MENT TO HELP US." Milwaukee sent like snow on a mountain." Chapin fled earlier in the holocaust. three of its five steamers. Within 1 just as the flames reversed themselves The five-story Tremont House where hours, other engines were en route by and flooded into the unlucky Sherman Lincoln and Douglas had spoken in 1 858 railroad flatcars from Cincinnati, Louis- House from the rear. fell before the onslaught. So, too, did the ville, Detroit, Pittsburgh and six other Soon after, the fire hurtled the river Chicago Times building, as workers were cities. and ripped into the North Division. preparing a special Fire Extra. A block

About 1 a.m., blazing debris crashed Within an hour, it had consumed I I south, the Post Office and Customs down on the Courthouse and set a fire blocks. One of the first mansions to go House would soon burn, along with $2 that Schafer could not put out. Schafer, was that of the evangelist. Dwight L. million in cash in the brick vaults. Brown and their friends fled, along with Moody. In another 45 minutes, the fire With fires raging unchecked in all divi- Mayor Mason, but not before they set was pushing hard toward the city's wa- sions, all sense of organization and di- the huge Courthouse bell to tolling. To terworks on Chicago Avenue. The fire- rection gone from firefighting efforts, and the bellowing of the flames—which storm drove a blizzard of sparks far out water fast petering out of mains no forced Chief Williams to yell through his into Lake Michigan where waves were longer fed by the waterworks, Chi- brass speaking trumpet to make his or- running high. John Toland, on duty two cagoans fled by the thousands. They car- ders heard—the thundering of falling miles out at the Crib, source of the city's ried with them what they could. Wagon brick walls and the hubbub of thousands water supply, beat out spot fires with a drivers demanded $ 100 and more to haul of Chicagoans fleeing the South Division broom. steamer trunks and whatever business- was now added the funereal tolling of One by one, most of the bridges con- men could salvage from their stores. the bell. necting the three divisions fell flaming Some draymen dumped the stuff after a Shortly after 2 a.m., the hands melted into the river, but not before the ma- few blocks when they received better of- off the tower clock and a few minutes jority of vessels in port had been towed fers. Horses to pull wagons and to carry later the 5'/2-ton bell crashed with a re- out into the lake. The brig Fontiuella. refugees were at a premium. Firemen, sounding clang clear down into the base- its tall masts and spars blazing like a busy battling the flames, had their steam- ment of the 3 -story building. Mason, flaming Christmas tree, drifted down- er horses taken and were forced to drag a mayor without an office, decided he stream until the derelict slammed into the apparatus themselves to better van- had done all he could and dejectedly the Chicago Avenue bridge, setting it tage points. walked home. afire and trapping many who were trying , Looting flourished. A man was killed Across from the blazing Courthouse, to flee the North Division. at Randolph and Wabash Streets when the six-story Sherman House hotel ap- At 3 o'clock Monday morning, a long a bolt of cloth thrown from a window peared to be next. Miraculously, how- piece of flaming timber hurtled onto the by a looter struck him. Toughs burst into ever, the flames leaped over it. A guest, waterworks' roof. Within the hour, the saloons and plundered. Drunken fighting John R. Chapin, a Harper's Weekly art- pumping station had crumbled and all began and was broken up only by the ist, was awakened by the pandemonium that remained was the ornate stone water {Continued on page 45)

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • N /EMBER 1967 LOUIS H. raOIIMAN FROM RAPHO GtllLLUMETTE {Readers may find this series of value on future motor trips or of interest to stu- SEEING HISTORIC AMERICA #39 dents of American history. We suggest you clip and save each as it appears,) A travel series for motorists By ALDEN STEVENS Field Director, Mobil Travel Guide NEW Castle, Del., six miles south of Wilmington, off 1-295, is one of the most delightful, historic towns in the United States. Around The Green and Market Square in New Castle are grouped the Old Court House, the U.S. Arsenal NEW CASTLE. (1809) and the Immanuel Church

( 1 703 ) , just a few of the more than 40 architecturally fascinating buildings and houses built here between 1675 and the FROM 1651 T< Civil War. First settled by Swedes and Finns in 1651, New Castle was taken over by the Dutch and named New Amstel in 1656.

It was renamed in 1 664. Its excellent har-

bor made it an important early port, and

it was also one terminus of the New Castle and Frenchtown Railroad. In 1682, William Penn arrived at New Castle with deeds from the Duke of York giving him possession of all the territory within a 12-mile circle around the town, plus lands to the south of that circle. New Castle is small and the best way

to see it is on foot. The Bdard of Trade

has published a map briefly describing about 60 points of interest. Two of New Castle's oldest buildings, the Academy and immanuel Episcopal Church The Old Court House, on The Green, lie, all built during the 16th and 17th Six miles northwest of Wilmington on was used as Delaware's State House centuries. From northwest to southeast DEL 52 are the famous Winterthur Mu- (1776-1777) when the town was the capi- these are the Booth House, built about seum and gardens, with 100 rooms fur- tal of the state. The early Georgian cen- 1750; the Chief Justice Booth House nished in the period of 1640 to 1840. tral part of the structure has an octagonal (1730); the Gilpin House (1797), so (Except for ten rooms, an advance res- cupola. Its beautiful interior has been re- named because Chief Justice Edward W. ervation is required; there is a fee). stored. The U.S. Arsenal was once com- Gilpin lived here between 1857 and Wihnington, founded in 1638, is the manded by Maj. Benjamin K. Pierce, home of the Hagley Museum, just north brother of President Franklin Pierce. Penna. of town off DEL 141, which includes ex- The Immanuel Church {1703), is the hibits on early American industry. mother church of the Episcopal Diocese of Delaware. 1967 Motel and Restaurant Info: Excellent Howard Johnson's Motor Lodge, 2 . Just across Third St. from The Green — ml. north at Delaware Memorial Bridge Plaza, are half a dozen wonderful old houses near 1-295 and US 40. 105 A/C rooms, pool. Excellent-^ including the Dutch House Museum, Restaurant, bar. (302) 656-7771. Gateway Motor Inn, 1 mi. west on US 13 & US generally regarded as the oldest dwelling 40. 150 A/C rooms, pool. Restaurant, bar. (302) 328-1383. Very good—Lynnhaven Inn Restau- in the state. Don't miss it. rant. IV2 mi. west on US 13 & US 40, 31/2 mi. At the corner of Fourth and Delaware south of Del. Memorial Bridge. Specialties: shish kebab, prime rib. Closed Thanksgiving, is the Amstel House Museum. This was, Dec. 25. Bar (302) EA 8-2041. (There are several other fine motels in New Castle and others in built before 1730 and Gen. George 1876; the Janvier House, built about Wilmington. See MOBIL TRAVEL GUIDE to Washington was a guest here. 1800 by WiUiam B. Janvier; and the Wil- the Middle Atlantic States.) Opposite The Green on Delaware St. liam Penn House, where Penn is said to The book "Delaware, A Guide to the are five houses, most not open to the pub- have slept in 1682. First States," is recommended reading.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 23 How to Protect Your Credit Rating

A look at how credit managers size you up when

you ask for easy pay, and how to make 'em like you.

economy, it seems that even the person with a lousy credit rating can buy on time. And talking with a repossession

payments; for teen-agers it is nearly im- agency manager seems to bear this out. possible. One charge account at a time "Our classic example is a retired By JOE GORES should be the inflexible rule while credit Army colonel, a full bird with full pen- habits are being formed. sion, who could pay but wouldn't. Over YOU HAVE always paid cash and Adults charging for the first time will a five-year period we repossessed nine IF never owed a dime you might be probably need a cosigner, someone who different Cadillacs from him—which had surprised to learn that you're a bad trusts the borrower and who has a proven been purchased from nine dilTerent risk for personal installment credit. It's credit history of his own. Another prob- dealers. He had that government pen- an oddity of the credit world. Explains lem frequently encountered by today's sion, you see, and the credit managers a credit man of a large banking complex: highly mobile consumer who changes almost drooled over him. Of course, he "A man who has never borrowed has jobs and addresses quite often is that of never shown that he can pay regularly, establishing credit in a hurry in a new and a lack of credit history suggests locale. something hidden—perhaps a past bank- "The easiest way is to go to the local ruptcy."" credit bureau in the area to which you

Ours is largely a credit economy to- have moved," says the manager of a loan day. A good credit rating is a virtual ne- company. "For a three-to-seven dollar cessity and a precious possession. Before fee, this bureau will get your credit his- any institution will lend you money for tory from the bureau in your former a car, furniture or household repairs it town. When you apply for credit, merely will examine your resources and record. refer prospective lenders to the local He who always paid cash has no record credit bureau for your records. It saves to examine. In fact, no credit rating is both you and the lender a great deal of really worse than a poor one. time and expense."

"Today it's easy to start building Most towns of 5,000 or over have a a credit history young," says a mid- credit bureau, and they usually can be eastern bank manager. "They even have found in the yellow pages under "Credit charge accounts for kids. Whatever Reporting Agencies." If you can't find

parents might feel about it, they're do- one. ask the local bank. ing their children a favor by letting them To the average Joe, all this might seem open a charge account in college or high a bit unnecesary. After all, not all of the school." customers so eagerly sought by fiercely Note that he said "a" charge account. competing financial institutions and re- Estimating a level of credit spending is tail outlets will have good credit ratings. Credit raters think one charge account difficult for anyone unfamiliar with time In a consumer oriented, credit based for a kid is part of a good education.

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 .

Before the House of Representatives and write his contract for 48, 60, even 72

right now is the so-called "truth-in-lend- months if need be, at our standard 8% ing" bill, which cleared the Senate in per year."

July with a resounding 92-0 vote. If made The man who is getting this extra serv-

into law, this bill would force retailers ice, of course, is paying extra for it. If, and lenders to state explicitly both the say, he is financing $2,000 of his car's effective interest rate they are charging, cost on a standard 36-month contract at and the cost of credit to the borrower a so-called 8% per year, he is paying in dollars. Its backers claim the bill will roughly $300 in carrying costs (an effec- let credit costs find their "true competi- tive simple interest rate of 15%). His tive level in a free enterprise economy." 8% "add-on" interest is per year on the Maybe interest rates will or maybe

they won't find new levels if the act is passed. The public will find that true simple interest rates on unpaid balances

are just naturally higher than it had sup-

The red carpet is out in the marketplace for the credit-seeker with a good rating.

sort of 'forgot' to tell them about all those previous repossessions." But against the story of the larcenous colonel, he balanced that of a divorced man with an excellent credit record who applied for a major oil company credit card. "That was this year, 1967, and he was turned down flat. When we checked into it, we found that it was because of an unpaid service station bill for $72 from 1948 with a different oil company." He and his ex-wife had separated in 1948, and she had run up the charges against his account after the separation. The poorer risk can get credit, sometimes, by paying through the nose, if he lacks a bankruptcy, repossession or Angered, he had refused to pay the bill. "slow pay" record. These are now harder to hide than ever.

Over the years he had forgotten it but posed, whether the "true level" changes balance at the beginning of that year, re- the oil companies' credit-checking net- or doesn't change. And you will realize gardless of how much he pays back dur- work hadn't. His application re- was more clearly, perhaps, that there is no ing the year. jected even though the bill had long one "true" level, but that interest rates How would a man with a good credit since been killed by the statute of limita- are different under different circum- rating, also financing $2,000 of his car's tions. stances, among which your credit rating cost over three years with this dealer, "A lot of poor credit ratings are the is one. benefit from the fact that he is a better result of domestic difficulties like that. A good example of how this works is risk than the other man? Make no mistake, you can buy on time an automobile dealership which is able to "When we tell him our interest rate is even with a lousy credit rating but — finance its own sales rather than running 8% a year, he probably will object, be- you'll pay for it. It's the difference be- the contracts through a bank. Such a cause he can go to his bank and get 5% tween going to your banker for a 4% a dealership will accept many applicants Because our exposure to loss is less with year auto loan, or going to Uncle Thiev- whom a bank would reject, but it will a good credit rating, we can afford to ery's Used Cars and paying 12% a demand higher carrying charges to com- meet the bank's 5% "add-on" interest year."* pensate for the larger risks involved. rate in order to keep the customer." "A bad credit report will not neces- In dollars, this means the second man * (The interest rates most often quoted here sarily kill a deal with us," one auto dealer pays less than $200, and his simple in- are not simple annual interest, but the common credit manager explained. "We look at terest is "add-on" or "discount" rates usually cited for rate about 10% instead of 15%. installment loans. See "The Organized Con- the total picture of the borrower's His good credit rating has saved him fusion of Easy Credit," American Legion Maga- financial status. If he has a record of slow over $100 on his purchase of his new zine (July 1966). The true simple interest rate pay, I ask why? Illness, past domestic automobile. is approximately double these. Most bank auto problems, temporary unemployment . . . Auto leasing has great loans today are closer to 9% than 4%, and gained popu- Uncle Thievery's "12%" can run from a true If his bad rating is a result of such a prob- larity today, especially with professional rate of 20% all the way up to 100%.) lem, I accept the contract, determine people who can write off the majority ILLUSTRATED BY BOB CLARKE what he can reasonably pay per month, of their auto expense as a tax deduction, THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 25 —

Yet despite the relentless twin pres- CONTINUE D How to Protect Your Credit Rating sures of population and competition, this banker uses the same criteria for judg- Leasing firms are even more sensitive to been forced into novel methods by our ing an application as the auto lease good credit, because the lease customer tremendous population influx. Take a agency: a previous bankruptcy or re- has no cash equity in the vehicle. When look at our growth figures and you'll un- possession: a history of slow pay, or a you buy a car, about one-third of the derstand what I mean." frequent changing of jobs. To these, auto's purchase price ($1,000 average) Between the census of 1950 and that however, are added other credit rating is put down Vk'hen the sales contract is of 1960, California's population grew "yardsticks." nearly 50% as compared to a 13% signed: but when you lease one. the — "The basic issue is simple: income agency gets only the first month's lease versus outgo. What percentage of his in- ($75 average), the license fees, and come goes on installment debts? A good sometimes a $100 or $150 security de- pay in the past could now be getting in

posit. The lease customer who "goes over his head, so I ask myself: will one sour" is much more apt to "walk away more doctor bill or one more quart of from" the vehicle if he can't pay, having milk break this guy's back? For a neces- no stake in it. sity loan, a history of slow pay might be

"Established credit is niost import- acceptable: but for a luxury item, aiiy ant," explained the attractive female bad credit experience during the past five credit manager of a large auto leasing years will kick out the loan. Dependents company. "We use several credit-check- are important: they mean more stability, ing agencies on each contract we write, but they also mean higher medical bills. and I evaluate their data on the basis of Number of years on the job, number of

four criteria. Is there a previous bank- years in the area ... 1 look clo.sely at his ruptcy? A previous repossession? Is there 'skip potential'." a history of slow pay? Has there been a "What do you mean by that?" frequent changing of jobs? We may still "If he's a young unmarried, he really lease to a poor credit risk, but if we do has nothing vital holding him down. it will probably be a smaller car than he When he gets into a financial bind, he's asks for. He comes in talking Lincoln, more likely to just skip out—leave town and goes out driving Ford. His payments in the middle of the night." will be smaller, and our potential loss A question about credit cards proving exposure is less because the car's value is reliability brought this retort: less." "Credit cards in themselves don't What is true of autos is true of retail mean a thing—it's the balance carried credit generally, whether for furniture, against them that's important. My ex- appliances, general merchandise, sport- perience has shown that some men with ing goods or musical instruments. The a flock of credit cards are in financial poorer the credit rating, the more margi- trouble—they just don't know it yet." nal the retailer who will extend credit, No matter how responsible the con- and the higher the carrying charges. Testimony in the Senate during the seven-year debate over the "truth-in-

lending" bill highlighted that it is the compulsive or uninformed buyer whose credit rating usually is poor—who ends up paying fantastic carrying charges to unethical retailers: 108% is the limit true simple annual interest on a sofa: 40% of your income absolute you should pledge for installments. 143% on an accordion: 229% on a TV set! growth for New York and a 1 5% growth The good credit rating becomes even for Illinois. And California's rate of more important when we move into the population increase has quickened since complex credit banking field where loans I960. For nearly 20 years, some 10,000 of every sort are made: installment con- people a week have poured into the state sumer loans; home purchase loans; to settle. Lending institutions have met equipment loans; chattel mortgage loans this staggering challenge with flair and (the borrower's auto or household goods new methods. used as collateral); home modernization "Wc have a credit-rating system that

loans; and personal unsecured "signa- is unique in the industry. I divide the ture" loans. Any discussion of credit Bay Area counties into eight consumer banking should center on California 'zones' or 'belts.' Given a street address

banks, for they lead the nation in credit in any Bay Area city, I can estimate innovation and sophistication. within a few hundred dollars the value "California banking practices would of that house because of its 'zone.' Add curl your toes," reports an eastern bank the pattern of the homeowner's debt

president. "But in a few years we'll be payments, and 1 can probably tell you his doing the same things here. We'll have race, background, education, and

to, just to compete." whether he is blue-collar, white-collar Centralized credit bureaus are making it A California banker replies: "We've or professional." ever harder for bad risks to fool them. 26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE NOVEMBER 1967 Other installment contracts, and thus owing only one long-term, low-payment balance to one creditor. Because of the longer contract, he will pay more inter- est, but he will protect his credit standing.

But what if he has been careless about his credit in the past? "A poor risk who's been dealing with mickey-mouse outfits is dead going in if he gets into an emergency 'can't pay' jam. He may just as well let his things go back to the dealers, since he doesn't have a decent rating to protect, and no one will want to extend extra time anyway. The one thing nobody ever should do is file bankruptcy as a way out. A creditor often can swallow a year or so of slow pay; he can't ever swallow a bankruptcy."

Bankruptcy is perhaps the most deadly modern consumer trap. Unscrupulous "advisors" advertise "a new and easy way to solve financial problems" and "pay off all your bills." They then advise you to file bankruptcy. For $300 you can wipe away thousands in overdue debts; and you can legally repeat the process every seven years. In Los Angeles, 2,200 bank- ruptcies are filed each month, such an alarming number that concerned busi- nessmen have set up a free service to ad- vise customers who get into financial trouble. Filing bankruptcy as a way out of legally contracted debts may seem ap-

pealing; it is, however, a snare and a delusion. "The kiss of death," says our Califor- nia banking friend. "A bankruptcy on an If you have a good credit rating, but get into an unavoidable jam that threatens your ability to meet payments, don't hide. Go to your creditors and tell them the facts. applicant's credit record will kill the loan 100% of the time with us. Though the of course financial trouble still months, thus leaving his creditors with sumer, debt has been legally discharged, it has Let's at to except trying to salvage can come. take a look Mr. Up- no way go not been paid in full. It still is carried right American Citizen. He is buying his what they can. He should start at the on his former creditors' books. And the ." home for $145 a month on a 20-year front, warn them beforehand man who has taken the easy way out loan; he drives a small FHA-approved The moment you can assess the extent once will probably take it again. You can but late-model automobile, $52.50 a of your financial woes, go to your bank, see it on his credit history. About five month on a three-year contract; he has your auto dealer, your finance company years after bankruptcy, he begins edging a freezer in the basement, a washer-dryer or retail merchant. Tell them exactly into debt again. Two more years, he's in the kitchen, and a new color TV set what happened, why it happened, and over his head, and he does it again. As in the living room, with combined pay- ask them what you can do about your far as we are concerned, it takes a life- ments of $67.50 a month. Thus his "hard" debts from their viewpoint. time to outlive a bankruptcy." or installment loan indebtedness totals "No reputable lending institution An official of the Federal Housing $265 monthly. He's a bit extended, but wants him to go under; nobody wants to Administration confirmed this view. he has a good job and he's a steady family take back a beat-up car or a houseful of FHA exists to facilitate home ownership man. used furniture. Banks, for instance, look for American citizens (and non-citizens) But then he slips on the icy front steps, to the future : they still want to have this living in this country. With FHA ap- falls and breaks a hip. Unable to work, man's banking business for the next 30 proval, lending institutions can make he is laid off. True, there is unemploy- or 40 years. With forewarning, they can higher-ratio loans for longer terms than ment and workman's compensation—if break or bend rules, let him stretch out they can under the regular lending laws. his state happens to have a good program his debts, spread those payments over a FHA evaluates the property, analyzes —but these total just a fraction of his longer period of time." the borrower's application, and dictates former income. The money has stopped; The man with substantial equity in the conditions under which the loan will the bills keep coming. He is faced with home, car and household goods can re- be approved. foreclosure, repossessions, a ruined fu- finance them with the seller: have the "Twenty years ago we were okaying ture. What can he do? contract rewritten for an extended period loans we wouldn't even look at today. "The very worst thing he can do is of time with lower monthly payments. Now we consider the applicant's pattern nothing at all," explains a loan company Or the man who has been a good credit of living and examine everything which official. "The average guy is secretly risk can get a consolidation loan from might affect his credit rating: marital ashamed of what's happened to him, so his bank or finance company. This means status, present obligations, past record of he puts off acting for three or four borrowing a lump sum, paymg off all his (Continued on page 48)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 27 A message from: William E. Galbraith, National Commander, The American Legion November 11—Veterans Day

1 1 is observed as Veterans Day. The name loses something from, and gains something November * over, its former name—Armistice Day. Originally it was the observation of the cease-fire of

the First World War, the Armistice of Nov. 1 1, 1918. Thus it is a sort of Victory Day, or

End-of-the-War Day. WW2 had two more end-of-the-war days ( VE and VJ Day) . Then came

Korea with its cease-fire. So Armistice Day was changed, as a sort of "holiday saver," to Veterans

Day, to mark on just one day the end of all wars of this century, though they occurred on different dates. Not a day to memorialize the suffering of veterans. Veterans Day instead marks their achievements. Angela Calomiris' strong photo, above, taken in a VA hospital, reminds us though

that there are still veterans who, after several decades, have not enjoyed and never will enjoy the

full fruits of those achievements, but must celebrate from the inside looking out.

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967

I , , ,

A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH VETERANS NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU NOVEMBER 1967 SWEEPING VETERANS' BILL GIVES which they are now entitled under VIET ERA VETS WAR STATUS; RAISES their change of status are: "COLD WAR" SCHOOL AID; UPS PENSION (1) Compensation for war-disa- BENEFITS; EXTENDS WW2 MORTGAGE LOANS; bilities (wounds or disease) at the AIDS WIDOWS; OK'S ON-JOB, FARM AND wartime rate without further ques-

FLIGHT TRAINING FOR "COLD WAR" VETS: tion as to the rate. . . The p eace- The President signed the final com- time rate of monthly compensation for promise version of Senate Bill 16 on disabilities suffered in service is the 31st of August, enacting it into substantially lower . . . The war Public Law 90-77, also known as "The rates were available to Vietnam era Veterans' Pension and Readjustment vets previously only on a showing of Assistance Act of 1967." ... It be- the disability having been incurred

came fully effective on Oct. 1 . . . while on "extra-hazardous" duty. The law touches on benefits for (2) Eligibility for non-service- veterans of different eras across a connected veterans pensions for fairly broad sweep of benefits. which entitlement is based on a com- In general it extends wartime bene- bination of disability not connected

fits to Vietnam vets (veterans of with military service ; unemployability honorable service in the Armed Forces arising therefrom, and limited in-

anywhere since Aug. 5, 1964) . . . come . . . Their dependents are also It liberalizes and improves educa- eligible for pensions in the event tional benefits under the "Cold War of their deaths, under the terms of

GI Bill" for all veterans of honor- existing survivors' pensions . . . able service since the end of the Veterans pensions have never been Korean War, including Vietnam vets available for peacetime veterans. ... It makes numerous improvements (3) Burial allowances, subject to in pensions for eligible veterans and the same conditions as other vets. veterans' widows and children, going (4) A two-year "presumption of all the way back to before the Span- service-connection" for psychosis

ish-American War ... It extends in . . . Technical as it sounds, this some cases the final date for eligi- will be an important benefit for some bility to a WW2 VA guaranteed home who first show outward mental or

mortgage . . . and it increases the nervous reactions to their military amount of a GI mortgage that the VA service up to two years after dis-

can make with a direct loan (ie: from charge . . . Unless it can be shown the VA rather than a private lender) that the condition existed prior to in credit-short areas where the VA service, its appearance within two is permitted to make direct mortgage years automatically entitles the

loans to veterans . . . The law also honorably discharged veteran to VA contains several provisions which medical care without further proof beneficially affect a limited number that it was incurred in service

of veterans and their widows who are (which may be impossible proof). . .

in special circumstances . . . Thus For c ompensation the "presumption" it shortens the requirement for dura- is one year. tion of a marriage to one year in (5) An allowance of $1,600 toward order to pay VA death benefits to a an automobile for certain seriously widow of a veteran, and to no time disabled veterans, and an end to a limit at all if a child is born of time limit for applying for the al-

the union. lowance . . . This allowance applies The granting of wartime status to not only to Vietnam era vets, but veterans of the Vietnam era is an ex- goes back to cover all otherwise tremely important provision for them eligible veterans of service since

. . . Many existing wartime benefits Jan. 31, 1955 (when the Korean War are either not available or are cut eligibility terminated). back for "peacetime" veterans . . . (6) Any and all other existing Until the new law recognized the benefits for which war-service is a Vietnam era as a "period of war" requirement. (starting Aug. 5, 1964) for the pur- Pensions. The new law increases by poses of veterans benefits modern up to 8% the payment of pensions servicemen were "peacetime vets" to veterans and their dependents who in the eyes of the law. are under the so-called "new law" now

Among the older wartime benefits to over seven years old . . . There are

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 29 : ,

CONTINUED VETERANS NEWSLETTER increases for single veterans, mar- and Vietnam vets ried veterans, veterans' widows, and School allowances for veterans of increases related to the number of service since Jan. 31, 1955 (and in- dependents of veterans (up to three) cluding Vietnam vets), were generally

. . . and per child for widows . . . increased (for those taking approved The "housebound" veterans' pension courses under the "Cold War GI Bill) rate is upped $40 a month ... A . . . Full time monthly rates went flat "housebound" rate of $100 a to $130 for a lone veteran; $155 for month is established for the so- a veteran with one dependent ; $175 called " old l aw" veteran pensioners, (two dependents), and $10 more per if they meet the "housebound" condi- dependent in excess of two . . . tions ... It is in lieu of the Comparable increases were made for standard $66.15 or $78.75 rate for those taking part time or coopera- those who have elected to stay under tive courses. the "old law" . . . The "housebound" The law provides that a veteran who rate is also payable to "old law" uses "Cold War GI Bill" school bene- veterans who receive the higher rate fits to finish high school or to for "aid and attendance," when that take a needed refresher course before is reduced because of being in a going on to higher education, will VA hospital. not thereby exhaust any of his en- The requirement that a veteran titlement for college or other higher pensioner must show 10% disability training. at age 65, to meet that part of the The original "Cold War" educational pension requirement that calls for a bill had omitted authority for aid showing of disability, was wiped in on-the-.i ob training, farm coopera- out . . . Disability at that age is tive training or fli ght training henceforth "presumed" without proof, . . . The new law embraces them in leaving income and employability as the program, with rates that reflect the chief pension criteria . . . This an expectation of some earnings on- is an excellent change . . . Virtu- the-job and on-the-farm . . . Flight ally all pension applicants have been training is permitted with limita- able to show at least 10% disability tions that restrict the purpose to at 65 ... It was a waste of a learning flight for professional veteran's time, the government's reasons. time and of medical examinations to War Orphans Education. The so- hold to the 10% rule. called Junior GI Bill, giving GI The law allows the following new education aid to children of war- exclusions from income that tends to killed veterans, was amended to set reduce pensions: the maximum age for schooling at 26, (a) The amount paid by a wife for up from age 23. a veteran's last illness, WW2 GI Loans. The automatic cut-off (b) The amount paid by a wife or date for making WW2 VA loan guaran- widow for the last illness and burial tees (which had already come and

of a veteran's child. gone) was extended to July 25 , 1970

Widows of veterans of the Spanish- . . . It does not restore eligibility American and earlier wars receive a to those whose time ran out based on $70-a-month increase in pension the individual formula for expiration, (there are few of them left). but extends the final cut-off date The "aid and attendance" allowance for those whose formula phase-out is extended for the first time to would carry them to or beyond the widows who are eligible for VA pen- new date . . . But the law gives a sions . . . Widows in receipt of VA 90-day extension beyond Oct . 1, 1967, pension who can satisfy the conditions for WW2 vets who are or were "form- that establish their reliance on aid ula-ed-out" of WW2 VA loans on or and attendance will receive an added after last July 26 . . . Until the $50 a month pension. new law was passed, the door was The law provides that a showing closed to all new WW2 VA loans as of that either a pensioned veteran or a last July, even if a veteran's in- pensioned widow is a patient in a dividual formula (based on his nursing home is sufficient of itself service time) gave him more time. for an award of "aid and attendance" The limit of direct VA loans for benefits . . . This, too, avoids a housing was upped to $25,000 . . . lot of red tape in cases where en- It isn't mandatory on the VA, but titlement is a foregone conclusion. permits it to decide that it should go Educational Benefits for "Cold War" that far ... in Alaska, for instance.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 —

O F T H E NEWS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS NOVEMBER 1967-

The Golden Gate National Cemetery at San Bruno, California —closed to new burials since May 1967. The Crisis In Our National Cemeteries

111,985 unknown dead. The Depart- Legion's bill, calling for nat'l cemetery system ment of Interior's 13 cemeteries had a under VA authority, is introduced in the House; total of 82,186 interments, of which 35,621 were known and 46,565 unknown planned, orderly cemetery growth is vital; Legion dead. The cemeteries had on that date asks removal of burial restrictions at Arlington. a total acreage of 4,054, of which 2,689 acres had been developed.

liv- 1 All told there are over 40 million On Sept. I , Rep. Olin E. Teague have long opposed the establishment of ing persons eligible for national ceme- (Tex.) , Chairman of the House Veterans a national cemetery system. eligibles Affairs Committee, introduced in the Our haphazard cemetery policy is tery burial—though far from all House of Representatives a national partly explained by the fact that opera- or their survivors claim the privilege. cemetery bill (HR- 12801) at the request tion of the 1 1 5 national cemeteries Latest official figures tell us the nation of The American Legion. both here and overseas— is variously un- now has more than 25 million living The bill would place all national ceme- der the control of the Department of the veterans. In addition, 50,000 more vet- teries under the jurisdiction of the Vet- Army, the Department of the Interior, erans are being created each month due erans Administration, it would initiate the National Park Service and the Amer- to the Vietnam War and other defense an orderly program for the expansion of ican Battle Monuments Commission. Of manpower needs. Thus the picture for national cemeteries, it would centralize the 98 national cemeteries in the United the future gets worse when the new responsibility and funds for cemetery States, 85 are under the control of the veteran and his dependents are added to care and planning in one agency (VA), Army and 13 under the Department of the present eligibility pool. and by that act would bring cemetery the Interior. The Legion has long fought the battle policy in the Congress under the com- There are also 17 Veterans Ad- for a national cemetery system. Although mittees which handle veterans affairs. ministration cemeteries located through- burial sites have been added over the This much would be a long step toward out the country which are available for years to some facilities that were about realization of the Legion's 1967 con- burial. Many of these are reaching their to close for lack of room, the problem vention-adopted national cemetery poli- capacity and since there is no plan for has not diminished. The need for na- cies (though it would not resolve the enlarging them, they will be closed to tional cemetery space and a planned, problem of restrictions on burial at Ar- burial when full. Burial in VA ceme- flexible system is more acute than ever. lington National Cemetery). teries is limited mainly to those members If something isn't done, and soon, the The national cemetery situation is at or patients who die while receiving hos- privilege and honor of burial in a na- a crisis. Debate on it in the government pital or domiciliary care in a VA installa- tional cemetery will mean nothing. today centers on systematizing the ceme- tion. The overseas cemeteries handled Under present national policy—accu- teries or abandoning them. by the American Battle Monuments mulated by laws over a period of more The United States has had, since the Commission are closed and inactive. than a century—each veteran and cer- days following the Civil War, national As of Sept. 30, 1966, there were tain of his dependents are entitled to cemeteries for the interment of those 1,110,071 persons interred in the 98 burial in a national cemetery. This is the who served in its armed forces. But the national cemeteries. Of this number, nation's way of paying a final but lasting policy of administering them has not 951,521 were known and 158,550 un- tribute to those who served it. always been systematic, while their dis- known dead. The 85 cemeteries under But in many areas right now, this is tribution and adquacy never have. the Army's control had 1,027,885 inter- mere lip service to the intent of the law

In addition, private cemetery interests ments, including 915,900 known and since it is no longer physically possible

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . NOVEMBER 1967 31 — NEWS

Major Reno Reburial to implement it. with cemeteries filled and no adjacent or nearby land to annex. Custer Battlefield Nat'l Cem- The problem gets personal when living etery, Mont., was the scene relatives who wish regularly to visit the gravesite learn that the place of burial on Sept. 9 of the reburial of may be hundreds of miles distant. Maj. Marcus A. Reno, 7th According to Secretary of the Army Cavalry officer accused but Stanley R. Resor, burial entitlement is cleared of cowardice at Cus- a haphazard proposition at best. He ter's Last Stand. Later dishon- notes: "The national cemeteries are orably discharged for other mainly located near Civil War battle- causes, he died a broken man. grounds. Inasmuch as decedents are The Legion helped clear his usually buried where they lived, and name so he could be buried where their families continue to live, and with honor in a national cem- since there are no national cemeteries etery. (See Aug. 1967 News near such population centers as Chicago, of the Legion for background.) Los Angeles, Detroit, Cleveland, Dallas, In photo, Montana Past Dep't Miami and so on, the burial entitlement Chaplain Chester Bentley says has turned, not on the veteran's status, committal prayer as all-Indian but on the accident of geography. In Clark Stops Legion Post 135 short, the entitlement is not available Color Guard and Nat'l Guard in a fair and even handed manner to all officers participate. or even to a majority of eligible vet- erans."

A recent government study also have to close by 1975. Its closeness to System, the federal government has showed "that the privilege of burial in a the great New York metropolitan area estimated, could range around $2 bil- national cemetery is effectively avail- assures that—unless new land is acquired lion dollars, projected to the year 2000. able to only a small part of those who are for expansion. (When the government wants to spend legally entitled to interment. In general, Despite the present obvious need and money it projects the costs to the next about of those interred had lived 83% the future more crucial need, despite year. When it doesn't, it projects them within a 50-mile radius of the ceme- the wishes of the people and the laws to the next century.) teries. The close relationship between of the land, and despite the new war- The Legion views the $2 billion as proximity and the use made of national dead returning from Vietnam, the federal not a high figure over a 32-year period, cemeteries is also shown by the fact government still clings to the notion when weighed against the purpose and that 87% of all burials occur in 9 in- that "further expansion of the national importance of a planned and orderly na- stallations located close to large metro- cemetery system would inevitably be tional cemetery system, whose develop- politan areas." both inequitable and extremely costly." ment—if committed—could be gradual. Of the 98 cemeteries in question only Also, that the best way "for the federal In the coming months, national ceme- 69 have any available gravesites left. government to participate in the burial of tery legislation should be the subject of rest are quite The generally closed for veterans is through the payment of cash hearings before our nation's legislators. new burial arrangements. burial allowances. These are now pro- The force of public opinion could have Twenty-two states lack either any na- vided for by payments made by the Vet- a bearing on the outcome. Readers who tional cemetery or one with available erans Administration and under the So- feel this problem should get the atten- grave space. cial Security System." tion it deserves, may write their Senator It is estimated that between now and The Legion objects that such money or Representative. Some tips on how to

1985, at least 40 other national ceme- payments cannot supplant the privilege do it are outlined on page 33. teries will have been closed. Though of burial in a place of honor in a na- some of the remaining cemeteries will tional cemetery. Those who want to be "Need A Lift?" be open beyond the year 2000, their buried there are motivated by reasons Almost $2 billion dollars in the form placement far from dense population of honor and pride in national service of scholarships, loans and part-time jobs centers makes questionable the extent of not savings. The VA's burial allowance is available to assist students during the their usefulness to a great many eligibles of up to $250 assists families of vet- next school year, reports the Legion's unless there are massive population erans to defray the costs of a decent Americanism Division. shifts in the next generation. funeral and a dignified burial wherever Information on how to get next to

Even Arlington, known largely be- it takes place. It was not intended to some of this assistance is contained in cause of its proximity to our nation's be a substitute for the privilege of burial the Education and Scholarship Pro- capital and the noteworthy and great in a national cemetery. gram's i7th edition of "Need A Lift?," who are buried there, is in a space jam. Neither does Social Security lump- a handbook the Legion compiles in co- It will have to close around 1986 if new sum death payment to survivors bear on operation with 197 national organiza-

space is not found. Only development the question of a national cemetery sys- tions which lists hundreds of college and of an expansion area on the South Post tem. This payment comes from funds vocational school scholarships available of Ft. Myer along with an emergency toward which the decedent himself has to qualified high school students. set of restrictions limiting eligibility contributed directly through payroll de- For parents with children thinking

have made it possible for Arlington to ductions during his working life. It is about furthering their higher education, remain open even that long. One of the available to veteran or non-veteran this is an extremely valuable guide. largest. Long Island National Cemetery with or without honor—as long as he There are scholarships to be had that at Farmingdale, N.Y.. with well over has paid the funds into the system. many people don't even know exist, thus 120.000 interments now, will probably The cost of a National Cemetery cash help for students goes begging for

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • N OVEMBER 1967 NEWS want of takers. It has been estimated by NEA And Legion Leaders Meet he can't possibly read every letter thai experts in the field that the average col- comes into his office. lege graduate earns $140,000 more in But his staff' does. It's their job to his lifetime than the average high school read, sort and catalog the mail. They graduate. "Need A Lift?" can lead stu- count the pro and con writers on issues, dents to better opportunities. pick certain letters for individual re- sponses, routine replies for Cost? Legion posts can get five copies prepare others and generally provide the legis- of "Need A Lift?" for placement in li- lator with an informal poll issues. braries and classrooms for $1.00 (pre- on paid). Single copies go for 25 cents Naturally, mail from constituents is considered vital. each (prepaid). Quantities of 100 or most more are available at 15 cents each (pre- Nat'l Cmdr William E. Galbraith (cap), When writing on issues, whom should Nat'l Education Ass'n Pres. Braulio paid) from: The American Legion, you contact? First of all, your own Alonso (glasses), and Legion Nat'l Ameri- Congressman. He's the one you are most Dept. S., P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, canism Chmn Daniel O'Connor (N.V.) likely to influence. his constituent, Ind. 46206. discuss upcoming American Education As Week (Nov. 5-11) at Boston Nat'l Legion you are the one he's most interested in Convention. (See story on this page.) pleasing or hearing from. American Education Week When a Senate or House committee The week of Nov. 5-11, which em- is holding hearings, the Chairman of braces both Election Day and Veterans projects in connection with American that committee is a very important cog Day, has been designated nationally as Education Week are invited to visit their in the wheel of legislation. Definitely, American Education Week. local schools during that period. he should get your opinion. You should The theme of this year's observance, also write original letters to the ranking the 47th, is "How Good Are Your How To Write Your Congressman minority member of the committee and Schools?" It is a question that concerns There are occasions when Legion- your own legislator. Carbon copies won't everyone since there are more Ameri- naires may want to communicate their do. Originals get more attention. cans now in school than ever before in opinions on issues to their duly elected You should stick to one subject at the history of the nation. Three out of representatives in Congress or local a time. You'll be much more effective. every ten are occupied as students or — government bodies. Because of the great pressure of mail, teachers in the process of education. — Here are some tips on how to handle staff personnel may only scan letters, Thirty-seven million children are en- such correspondence. see the first bill you mention, and miss rolled in elementary schools, 13.7 mil- Briefly put, to be most effective you any others. Multi-subject letters also lion in schools, 6.5 million in high and should keep your letters short, simple create reply and filing problems plus in- colleges and universities. and straight to the point. However, crease copying costs. The American Legion and the Na- we've culled some additional informa- Your letter should be no more than tional Education Association have been tion from a recent Research Institute one page long and your point should be associated in this project since 192L bulletin which will provide informed made in simple direct language. Tell Later co-sponsors were the National background for letter writers. your Congressman why you are for or Congress of Parents and Teachers and Your Congressman wants to know against a particular piece of proposed the U. S. Office of Education. what you're trying to say. But he wants legislation. Let him know just what effect

Individual Legionnaires and Legion to know it fast. He's got an awful lot you think the bill will have on your life. posts not already involved in community of reading to do. So it stands to reason Naturally, you will have to know some-

Amerlcan Legion National Baseball Award Winners For 1967

THESE ARE The American Legion's 1967 National Baseball Award Ryan, 18, of Tuscaloosa, Ala., winner of the James F. Daniel, Jr.,

winners. They received their honors at the Legion's World Series Sportsmanship Award. At right is Joseph Cherico, 1 8, Wilmington held recently in Memphis, Tenn. At left is Ray L. Larsen, 18, Manor, Del., The American Legion Batting Champion. Larsen's of Northbrook, 111., Baseball Player of the Year. In center is Randy photo will go into the Baseball Hall of Fame at Cooperstown, N.Y. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 33 —

NEWS thing about the contents of the bill be- Legionnaire who is ready to assume payable to: National Treasurer, The fore you communicate with him. leadership and responsibility in his post American Legion. If the coupon shown If you are the head of your own busi- and community will find it invaluable as here is not large enough for your needs, ness, use your business letterhead to have the 65,000 Legionnaires who have please make and fill out a reasonable write to him about business legislation. already taken the course. facsimile. If you are the post commander or chair- The 500-page course consists of two But, remember, course booklets are man of a commission or committee in basic units on the internal organization limited and your money will be refunded the Legion or some other organization of the Legion and four units on its pro- if the supply is exhausted. and you are writing to register a group grams and objectives. They are 1 opinion, naturally you should use the History and organization of The Ameri- Keeping the Boys in Mind organization stationery. Don't misuse can Legion; 2 Internal Affairs and — Many posts show strong concern for busmess or organizational letterheads. Service Divisions; 3 The Americanism — our men in Vietnam. Post 54, Marsh- This practice does more harm than good. and Foreign Relations Programs; 4 field, Wise, mailed a three-pound Christ- Your organization might be ignored in The Rehabilitation Program; 5 The — mas package to every area serviceman in future matters. Legislative and Programs Economic and Vietnam. Last year the post sent 62 pack- Most important of all. Persistence 6 The National Security and Child — ages, each weighing nearly five pounds. pays off. While you may not be able to Welfare Programs. Postage alone was over $72. influence your legislator to reverse his Students will not be required to sub- Post 46, Ann Harbor, Mich., volun- position, your letter, along with others, mit monthly tests to Nat'l Hq. They may teered to serve as the Inductee Center may persuade him to accept a com- grade themselves at the end of each for its area and was accepted. "The in- promise version or an amendment. monthly lesson since the answers to the preceding lesson come with the following Legion Extension Institute lesson. The final examination will be Though registration for the 22nd mailed to all students to be completed term of The American Legion Extension and returned for grading at Nat'l Hq. Institute officially closes November 1, Legionnaires, Auxiliares and Sons of Nat'l Hq advises that it will accept a The Legion members 17 years of age or limited amount of applications as long older may sign up individually. Also, as the supply of course booklets lasts. posts, units and squadrons may enroll Purpose of the mail-order home- several of their members and form study study course in Legion operations and groups or seminars to learn together. Post 46, Mich.—painless induction history is "to increase knowledge and Upon successful completion of the ductees were originally ordered to leave appreciation on the part of our future course, graduates will receive a Certifi- from our local bus station," says Post leaders of The American Legion for our cate of Graduation and a patch to affix 46 Cmdr George W. Harms. "We con- American way of life and our constitu- to their Legion caps. Auxiliares will re- sidered this too noisy, public, and not tional form of government; along with a ceive a very attractive mortarboard pin proper for our community. We con- sound understanding of the contribution and chain to be worn with the Auxiliary tacted the State Selective Service Di- to these basic philosophies by the pro- pin. rector and had the inductee site perma- grams of The American Legion." Cost of the course is $4.00 each for nently changed to the Post 46 Home. The course contains a brief history of one to three persons, and $3.00 each Here we are able to provide a warm, the Legion and fully describes the pro- when four or more enrollments are made friendly atmosphere, hot coffee, donuts, grams and services rendered. Any on one application. Make all remittances and pleasant music. Newspaper and radio station cooperation was excellent." ENROLLMENT FORM Post 303, Rockville Centre, N.Y., ini- tiated "We Support Our Servicemen in AMERICAN LEGION EXTENSION INSTITUTE Vietnam Week," with a proclamation addresses, if any, another (Use this coupon and add extra names and on signed by Mayor John A. Anderson, call- sheet. all checks to: Nat'l Treasurer, The American Legion.) Make payable ing on all residents, business firms, and To The Faculty organizations to fly the flag. The slogan: American Legion Extension Institute "That They May Know." The post dis- PO Box 1055, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 tributed 2,500 51/2 X 81/2-inch flyers in the town, and mailed them to 64 or- Here's our draft for $ Enroll those listed herewith in the 22nd American Legion Extension Institute home study course, and send each the ganizations. first assignment and lesson. Post 49, Wilmington, Ohio, in a half- page newspaper ad, asked readers to re- Total students with this order member service people in prayers and

Name (last first) letters, and gave names and overseas ad- dresses of about 100. Post 23, Edge- Street Address wood, R.I., sends hometown newspapers to each person in service. Post 1221, City, State, ZIP Code Brooklyn, N.Y., presented service ban- ners to families of military personnel. Card # Post or Unit #

(This coupon accommodates an order for one fully. For more, use it and Legion Press Winners add additional names on a separate sheet, giving the above info for each). The Nebraska Legionnaire won the COST—One to three—$4 each—Four or more—$3 each. Price, payable to top award in the 1967 annual jour- "The American Legion," based on all sent in one order. nalism contest of The American Legion

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 NEWS

Press Association. This Dep't of Ne- graph and Spirit Reproduction category. guished soldier, who said in part: "Your braska paper was judged the Best Pub- It was awarded the Jack R. C. Cann gift is a very patriotic gesture, and an ex- lication on the basis of excellence in plaque. Runner-up in the Best Publica- cellent expression of the support ren- journalism. tion category was the Michigan Legion- dered our forces by the members of your The Legionnaire, of Post 80, Bing- naire, with The Reveille of Post 1, Den- post. Regrettably, their (the flags) dis-

hamton, N.Y., won in the Best Post ver, Colo., third. The Ohio Legionnaire tribution to our front line troops is not Publication category. Post 62, Colum- got honorable mention. ALPA's Edi- appropriate at this time. The flags will bus, Wise, won in the Best in Mimeo- torial awards will be announced later. be placed in our Saigon United Service Organization, where they will be avail- able to the many servicemen who visit Edward N. Scheiberling, Past NatU there daily. "We deeply appreciate your thought- Commander, Died in Albany, N.Y. fulness. "Sincerely,

mander he ordered a post in Oregon to W. C. Westmoreland restore the names of 15 Japanese-Ameri- General, United States Army can servicemen which the post had voted Commanding" Post Cleveland, Ohio, to remove from its honor roll, or face 628, teamed the possible loss of its charter. with the Greater Cleveland Growth In addition to his activity in the Le- Board and purchased 200 Ohio State gion, which also included service as Dep't flags and national flags which were dis- played on appropriate occasions in Commander ( 1935-36), he was promi- nent in the programs of the USO, Red downtown Cleveland. The post's 30- Cross, and Community Chest. Survivors member Color Guard is responsible for include his widow, Ethel. Mr. Scheiber- installing and removing the flags. ling died in Albany. N.Y.. on Sept. 10. Post 505, Croton, N.Y., has taken two steps toward honoring servicemen and Death Takes Henry B. Clay promoting the Legion through display of Henry Brevard Clay, 49, of Shreve- the flag. It presented 84 U.S. flag kits to port, Louisiana's immediate Past Nafl parents of Vietnam servicemen and Executive Committeeman (1963-67), women. And it offers and promotes a free in died Aug. 3 when his single engine plane year's membership Post 505 to exploded during a storm near Nevada, all men and women honorably dis- Mo. Killed with Mr. Clay, who was charged since August 5, 1964. Both Edward N. Scheiberling when he was The piloting the plane, was his wife. They steps have proved successful. American Legion's Nat'l Cmdr, 1944-45. were en route to Canada. Surviving are Edward N. Scheiberling, of Albany, four minor children. N.Y., Past Nat'l Cmdr of the American A Past Dep't Commander (1952-53), Legion (1944-45), whose death at 79 Mr. Clay served on the Legion's Nat'l was reported briefly last month in this Public Relations Commission in 1958. magazine's Convention issue, was a Mr. Clay was executive vice president Legionnaire since 1919. He had been and general manager of radio stations designated as New York chairman of KWKH in Shreveport and KTHV, Little The American Legion's 50th Anniver- Rock, Ark., and a director of the Shreve- sary Committee. port Times and the Monroe World & Upon his return from WWl, in which News Star, owners of the stations. In he served as a captain in the 78th Divi- 1952, he was named Shreveport's the and, in sion in the St. Mihiel and Meuse-Ar- Young Man of Year 1965, gonne actions, he organized and became Louisiana Broadcaster of the Year. He commander of Albany Post 225. He was was the son-in-law of John Ewing, of a lawyer, the senior partner in the firm Shreveport, a Legion founder and for- A flag in every home is goal of Post 1, of mer long time member of the Legion's Scheiberling & Schneider, and was Rockland, Me. Legionnaires Robert Young Finance Commission. justice of the Albany Municipal Court and Conrad Ames display some of 3,000 from 1924 to 1929. flags which are being offered by mer- Harry H. Woodring, 77, Dies chants through the efforts of Post 1. Throughout his career, he advocated that Harry Hines Woodring, 77, of To- veterans become active in politics A set of 15 United States flags dating as a group. National peka, Kans., Secretary of War from 1936 As Commander, he back to the American Revolution is fea- to 1940, and a Past Dep't Commander called for "no more wars" at the end tured in an exhibit symbolic of people of (1928-29) of The American Legion, died WW2, supported an international and events prominent in American his- Sept. 9. The cause of death was tenta- peace-keeping force, urged that veterans tory, and housed in the American Heri- tively listed as a stroke. was gover- attend the peace-making negotiations to He tage Hall of Greenbelt (Md.) Center avoid nor of Kansas from 1930-32. the "broken promises" of the past, School. The flags were donated by Post pressed for jobs and benefits for return- 136 of Greenbelt. Each month, a flag is ing servicemen, and was concerned about Legion Sets Flags Flying selected as the "Flag of the Month," and the influence of Communists in the Post 255, Tallmadge, Ohio, sent ISO a color photo of it is displayed in a pic- Armed Forces. American flags to troops in Vietnam, and ture frame, along with a digest of the In January 1945, as National Com- got a thank you letter from a distin- flag's history. (Continued on page 36)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 35 During the past year and a half the Le- Post 295. The affair was held jointly with Post 360, built a new wing on Jim's gion Dep't of Washington, in coopera- Los Alamitos Post 716. house with bath and toilet facilities, so tion with the Governor, Legionnaire For its part. Los Alamitos Post 716 he could avoid stair climbing. The Dep't Daniel J. Evans, has sent some 60 state Cmdr Fred Guy presented the post's of New York put two air conditioners in flags to military units all over the world. Officer of the Year award to Gary Miley the house to complete his comfort. of Los Alamitos. The two posts gave Legion Police Awards plaques to the two Police Dep'ts. POSTS IN ACTION Post 507, Brooklyn, N.Y., bestowed The BRIEFLY NOTED American Legion Medal of Valor on Frank Robinson. Baltimore's slugging Sp. 4th Class Robert J. Palmeri, USA. outfielder and baseball's first triple the "hunger strike" GI who, while sta- crown winner (leader in batting average, home runs, and runs batted in) since 1956, was given the American Legion Baseball 1966 graduate of the year award in Baltimore, Md. Past recipients have included: Ted Williams. Stan Musial, Bobby Richardson and Warren Spahn. Another kind of "protester" The Kansas Legion received permission tioned in Germany, protested to the from Wichita Univ. officials to set up a Army because he was not in Vietnam. membership and counseling booth at His wish for a transfer was granted. He Certificates from Post 126, Alton the enrollment and registration point of went to Vietnam and served several students entering the summer session. A Two Alton, III., police officers (center months before he was wounded. In the Department rehabilitation representa- and rt.. photo above). Ptlmn. Fred H. photo above are (1. to rt.): J. Saluzzi, Post tive (and a regular paid staff member) Bright and Cpl. John K. Ruyle, were VC; Sp 4 Robert Palmeri; Past Cmdr along with the post commander of the awarded Certificates of Achievement by Al Caracciolo; Post Cmdr J. Fleming; Kansas Vietnam Post manned the booth Post 126 Cmdr James Stroud. and S/Sgt. Edward Sipel, USMC, last voluntarily. Claim forms. P'22s, etc., Post 302, Beardsley, Minn., gave a year's recipient of the award, who made together with sign: "Vet- were on hand a Palmeri, similar award to Police Chief Wm. D. the presentation and who, like erans Counseling Service by The Amer- in Vietnam's Operation Raatz, a vet (left in photo below). was wounded WW2 ican Legion." Handouts consisted of Starlight. "The Amazing American Legion," "You Are The American Legion," etc. Many "This is Bob Rivers. I'm a ham radio Legion memberships were sold on the operator in Malone, N.Y., and I am spot. Names were taken for further fol- presently speaking to Alaska. I have a low-up. The Department is now attempt- person on the radio who would like very ing to set up a similar program in each much to speak to you." college and university in Kansas. On the other end of this telephone call from Rivers, writes Ray Russell in the Boston Legionnaires, during the Con- Malone Evening Telegram, is a Woman vention, hit upon a way they could be in California, a woman the Malone assistance the visiting of superb to police sergeant has never seen. With a Legion staff in getting around members certain amount of hesitation, the woman asks who in Alaska wishes to speak to Police recognition by Post 302, Minn. her. "It's your son," Rivers replies. presented by Post Cmdr Larry Serocki This project, whereby American serv- (at right). icemen, stateside and al! over the world, Post 295, Cypress, Calif., gave a cer- are put in telephone contact with their tificate and a perpetual trophy to Officer families anywhere in the U.S., is regular of the Year Walter H. Hampton, Jr. In policy in Malone. Legion Post 219 pays photo below are (I. to rt.) Post 295 the phone costs. (Bob Rivers and his Cmdr Robert Shanahan, Fifth Area wife, Irene, originally footed the bills.) Cmdr F. Mason of Fullerton Post 142, Legionnaires volunteer with pool In the photo below are Legionnaires S. Officer Hampton, and A. Hernandez of Condojani, 2nd VC: Post Cmdr A. Les- the city. The Bostonians (photo above) right is formed a motor pool and chauffered the ter: and PC J. McCarthy. At Police Sgt. Rivers. staffers hither and yon when business necessitated traveling.

Two highly appreciated and practical gifts came to immediate Past Dep't Cmdr James Heneghan of New York to facilitate his recovery from a heart at- tack and to acknowledge his service to t Calif, posts reward police efforts. the Department. His post, Huntington From Alaska to New York to California 36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 .

NEWS

Ross L. Malone, Roswell, N.M., elected vice president and General Counsel of General Motors Corp. A member of Post 28. Roswell, he is a member of the President's Commission on Law En- forcement and Administration of Justice

and is a Past President of the American Bar Assoc. He formerly served as Deputy Attorney General of the U.S.

Alberto Pulido, of Post 505, Detroit, Mich., named a member of the Michi- Unit 15 of Sioux Falls won three choral titles at Legion Convention. gan Small Business Advisory Council. was appointed by Robert C. Moot, The choristers of Unit 15, Sioux Falls, Boston, Mass. Unit 15, last year's winner He SBA Administrator. S. Dak., made off with the bulk of the of the chorus title and co-champ of the trophies in the Auxiliary's singing con- sextette warblers, this year won the quar- tests at the Legion's Nat'l Convention in tet, se.xtette, and chorus championships. (See photos.) Judge Wilbur M. Alter, of LaKewood, Three girls from Van Nuys, Calif.. Colo.. Past Nat'l Executive Committee- Unit 193, won the trio title. (See photo.) man (1935-37), Past Dep't Cmdr (1933- 34), and former chairman of the Nat'l Post 40, Grant, Nebr., has come up with Child Welfare Committee. He served on

a tact that is perhaps typical of the new the Colorado Supreme Court for nearly trend in membership. Its member. Frank 16 years, one term as Chief Justice.

M. Wykert. served in WW 1 . Son Dwayne C. was WW2. Son Larry D. served in Louis L. Pitcher, of Los Angeles, Calif., Vietnam, was discharged, re-enlisted for Alternate Nat'l Executive Committee- two additional years, and will return to man in 1960-62 and vice chairman of the Vietnam. All were enlistments. Nat'l Security Council, 1963-67.

Leo J. Powers, of Anaconda, Mont., a Medal of Honor winner and member of Anaconda Post 21

Edward F. Hunier, of Hialeah. Fla., Nat'l Sergeant-at-Arms in 1947-48.

Emmet O'Neal, of Washington. Ky., Past Dep't Cmdr (1921-22) and a candi- Unit 193, Van Nuys, Calif., Trio date for Nat'l Cmdr in 1931. He was for- merly a congressman and Ambassador to the Philippines (1947-49). He helped COMRADES IN DISTRESS sponsors a champion. organize the Kentucky Legion Dep't. Readers who can help these comrades are urged to do so. Post 3, Lincoln, Nebr., sponsored the Notices are run at the request of The Ameri- winning car in the 1967 Ail-American Edward N. Scheiberling, of Albany, can Legion Nat'l Rehabilitation Commission. They are not accepted from other sources. Soap Box Derby in Akron, Ohio. In the N.Y. (See obit. p. 35) Readers wanting Legion help with claims photo. Kenneth Cline, 13, of Lincoln, should contact their local service officers. Service officers unable to locate needed the winner, who defeated 244 champions Henry B. Clay, of Shreveport, La. (See witnesses for claims development should refer from 46 states five countries, obit. p. 35) the matter to the Nat'l Rehabilitation Commis- and guest sion through normal channels, for further gets his award from E. N. Estes, general search, before referral to this column. manager of Chevrolet, the sponsor. Harry H. Woodring, of Topeka, Kans. 929th Sig Bn, Nadzab, New Guinea (Feb. 1944)— Need information from anyone who knew (See obit. p. 35) Earl Norris and may have knowledge of back PEOPLE IN THE NEWS injury he sustained. Write: Earl Norris, Box 55, Route 2, Newberry, S. Car. 29108 Thomas W. Miller of Reno, Nev., Nat'l Moses G. Hubbard, Jr., of Utica, N.Y., Fort Bragg, N.C., 583rd FA Bn, 3rd Armor Executive Past Dep't Cmdr (1931-32). (May 1954-'56)—Need information from Cpl. Committeeman, appointed by Richard Mutch, John A. Davis, Cpl. John Gov. Paul Laxalt to be chairman and Gilbert, and M/Sgt. John Cavanaugh to aid Billy G. Hudgins in a claim for compensation member of the Nevada State Park Ad- Rev. Fr. Frank J. Lawler, of Litchfield, for a disability occurring in service. Write: visory Commission, his fourth appoint- 111., Past Nat'l Chaplain (1937-38). Billy G. Hudgins, 4421 S.E. 41st St., Del City, Okla. 73115 ment to the Commission since 1935 I Corps Sig Bn, Charlie Co, We Jham Boo, Korea (1954-55)—Need information from when he was instrumental in organizing Harry Eaton, of Ashland, Ohio, Past Capt. George W. Greene, Co Cmdr, and Lt. the first Nevada State Park System. Dep't Cmdr (1945-46). Polk, Motor Officer, regarding claim pending by Marvin S. Hancock. Write: Marvin S. Han- cock, Ward C, 219 Rm. Veterans Administra- W. R. Egan, of Danville, Calif. Past Fred Kochli, of Washington, D.C., a tion Hospital, Hines. 111., or at 4349 Butter- field Rd., Hillside, 111. Dep't Cmdr of Colorado (1952-53), WWl combat amputee and winner of LST 701, Okinawa (Apr.-June 1945)—Need in- formation from former comrades who knew named Regional Manager of South and the DSC, French Legion of Honor, Robert Saxon Vickers. He has a disability Western Region by Janitrol Div. of Mid- Croix de Guerre with Palm, and Purple claim pending. Write: Robert S! Vickers, 302 Charles St., Talladega, Ala. 35160 land-Ross Corp. Heart, who was employed in the Re- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 37 NEWS

308th Inf— Bendheim, 200 Cabrini Florence Ackmann and Hugo Ackmann and habilitation Division of the Legion's HQ (May) Lionel Blvd., New York, N.Y. 10033 RoUie Browning and Charles H. Driemeyer, staff (1936-1956). 415th Rwy Teleg Bn (WWl)— (Apr.) Herman A Sr. (all 1967), Post 180, Marthasville, Mo. Burkhard, 2737 W. 87th St., Evergreen Park, Norman G. Homer (1967), Post 458, Trenton, 111. 60642 N.J. NEW POSTS 554th Ord (HM) Tank Co— (June) Harvey A. Stanley S. Mattis and Frank P. Morgan and Summerhill, 1040 4th Court W., Birmingham, Albert M. Raffauf and William E. Rice (all The American Legion has recently Ala. 35204 1967), Post 92, Waterville, N.Y. 601st Ord Bn— (March) C. M. Engebretson, 5407 Douglas Archambeault (1966). Post 235. chartered the following new posts: Logan Ave. N., Minneapolis, Minn. 55430 Waterford. N.Y. Huntsville-Madison County Post 200, 643rd Military Intel Det— (Feb.) Philip S. Robert W. Corbett (1961) and James Ventry Freund, 5342 N. Lydell Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. (1962) and Paul Barthau and John J. Pauline Huntsville, Ala.; Yarnell Post 79, Yar- 53217 (both 1963), Post 381, Niagara Falls, N.Y. 748th Eng Base Equip Co (June) Jared L. Fred C. Smith (1966), Post 404, Vernon, N.Y. nell, Ariz.; Floyd-Cowan Post 457, Ken- — Johnson, 1733 Asbury, Evanston, 111. 60201 Lester Schwingel (1967), Post 766, Atlanta. N.Y. sett, Ark., Mile High Post 107, Denver, Tuscania Survivors— (Feb.) Edward T. Lauer, Walter J. Bartlett, Jr. (1966) and Joseph J. Grand Sr., 8035 Stickney Ave., Wauwatosa. Wis. Colo.; Tower Rock Post 921, 53213 Devine (1967), Post 1087, West Hempstead, N.Y. Maurice B. Suits (1967), Post 1461, Galway, Tower, 111.; Highland Crest Post 399, NAVY N.Y. Kansas City, Kans.; Campbell County Harold G. Hubbard and Kenneth B. Swain LST 308, 847— (Mar.) Enrique Fernandez, 12 S. (both 1966), Post 10, Wilmington, N.C. Post 327, South Newport, Ky.; Emer- Orange Ave., South Orange, N.J. 07079 Anton Swenson and Dr. C. D. Stewart and Harold Van Cleve (all 1967), Post 49, Garrison, son-Bell Post 618, Osceola, Mo.; Wins- LST 554^(June) Willis L. Budlong, 9608 War- wick Blvd., Newport News, Va. 23601 N. Dak. low Township Post 234, Cedar Brook, Patrol Aircraft Serv 1-8, Fleet Air Wing 6— Nick Deletis and Bert H. Nock and Sam (Feb.) John G. Rueckert, 23271 Schoolcraft Simon and Fred Wild, Sr. (all 1967), Post 247, N.J.; Great River Post 1860, Central St., Canoga Park, Calif. 91304 Lowellville, Ohio. Sylvester Dennis (1967), Post 320. Maumee. Islip, N.Y.; Gold Star Post 828, Worth- USS Franklin (CV-13, WW2)— (Apr.) Richard J. Ohio. Fulfarr, 2485 Falcon St., East Meadow, N.Y. Hill Post 5, Kingfisher. ington. Pa. 11554 Frank M. (1967), Okla. USS North Carolina— (Jime) Patrick Fonzi, 145 Gibson B. Stone (1967), Post 9, Marlow, St., Pittsburgh, Pa. Glen Caladh 15207 Okla. OUTFIT REUNIONS USS Oklahoma (BB37)— (May) Edward H. Lutz, Walter Lorman and James McGovern and Rd., Glenside, Pa. 19038 Reunion will be held in month indicated. For 673 Lindley Joseph Papa and Anthony Travaglia (all 1966), particulars, write person whose address is USS Wichita (CA 45)— (Jime) J. A. Glass, 111 Post 45, Philadelphia, Pa. given. Dupre Ave., Norfolk, Va. 23503 Hugh Robertson and Leon Rosenstein (both Becker Notices accepted on official form only. For 1952) and George Baumann and Joseph form send stamped, addressed return envelope LIFE MEMBERSHIPS and John De Luca (all 1967), Post 96, Phila- Pa. to O. R. Form, American Legion Magazine, delphia, The award of a life membership to a Legion- Harvey L. Maftett and 720 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. Notices William S. Clark and naire by his Post is a testimonial by those who Stong Milton W. Zimmerman should be received at least five months before Benjamin F. and know him best that he has served The Ameri- Mifflintown. Pa. scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary (all 1966), Post 298. can Legion well. Frarrk J. Valencik (both to get form. George E. Eroh and Below are listed some of the previously un- 1966) , Post 541. Catawissa, Pa. Earliest submission favored when volume of published life membership Post awards that J. Guy Boswell and Leon E. Easterly (both requests is too great to print all. to the editors. are have been reported They 1967) , Post 64, Greeneville, Tenn. arranged by States or Departments. Otis Landwehr and Fred Lenling and Ralph ARMY Lingelbach and Walter J. Lutwitzi (all 1966), Offie Lltes, Sr. and E. Allen Sheppard (both 14th .4rm'd Div (Iowa) (Nov.) Robert N. Post 294, Hartland, Wis. — 1967), Post 32, Pine Bluff, Ark. Kennedy, 1717 Summit St., Sioux City, Iowa Cecil Bryant (1967), Post 200, Lonoke, Ark. are accepted for publica- 51105 Life Memberships Victor R. Bush and Charles R. Wiley (both tion only on an official form, which we provide. 15th Eng (WWl)— (Apr.) John W. Towns, 981 1967), Post 44, Monrovia, Calif. Reports received only from Commander, Ad- Gladys Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15216 William J. Strickland and Julio J. Yniguez jutant or Finance Officer of Post which awarded 17th Inf, (June) J. Wallin, Co L (WW2)— Tem (both 1967), Post 123, Santa Monica, Calif. the life membership. 1003 W. 52nd N., Wichita, Kans. 67204 John J. Bradach (1967), Post 488, Gardena, They may get form by sending stamped, self- 17th Inf Reg't, HQ & HQ Co— (Feb.) William Calif. addressed return envelope to; C. Hoffmaster, 114 N. Second St., Pottsville, Walter H. Nielsen and Louis Salzman (both "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 720 Pa. 17901 1966) , Post 526, Los Angeles, Calif. 5th Ave., New York, N.Y." 10019. 20th Eng, 6th Bn— (Feb.) H. F. Gustafson, Box Robert F. Porter (1967), Post 95, Hebron, On a corner of the return envelope write the 3022 M.O. Sta., Omaha, Nebr. 68103 Conn. number of names you wish to report. No written 29th Inf, Co M (WW2)— (Apr.) James W. Ball, James F. Owens and John Charles Taylor letter necessary to get forms. 8245 Kilpatrick Ave., Skokie, 111. 60076 (both 1967), Post 96, West Hartford, Conn. 50th Sig Bn— (May) Jim Clark, 473 N. Howard, Andrew W. Carlson and Harry F. Craig and Harry V. Cunningham (all Post 139, THE AMERICAN LEGION Elmhurst, 111. 60126 1966), Tampa, Fla. NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 106th Cav— (June) Raymond McGee, 600 E. Alfred Clifford Bennett (1966), Post 77, Con- A UGUST 31. 196 7 University Ave., Urbana, III. 61801 yers, Ga. ASSETS 184th Inf (WW2)— (March) Gene Metz, P.O. Victor H. Albertson and Edwin V. Carlson Cash un haiul and cm Deposit S 1,008,807.11 Box 429, St. Helena, Calif. 94574 and Frank C. Danielson (all 1964), Post 75, Receivable 163,219.13 Geneva, 111. Inventories 463.725.2.1 Alphonsus S. Sakowicz (1966), Post 923, Chi- Invested Funds 2.902.177.28 cago, 111. American Legion Life Insurance Trust Funds : Ernest G. King (1967), Post 9, Oelwein, Iowa. Overseas Graves Decoration iVlonth Ending August 31, 1967 P. Hope Overturf (1966), Post 72, Toledo, Trust Fund 291.202.60 Iowa. Employees Retirement Benefits paid Jan. l-Aiig. 31, 1967 $ 831,149 Carl W. Kranz and WilUam J. Strubel (both Trust Fund 1.017.179.22 1.308.581.82 Benefits paid since April 1958 4,883,086 1967) , Post 193, Louisville, Ky. Real Estate 821.521.81 Basic Units in force (number) 157,297 Rev. Eugene Stout (1967), Post 64, Salisbury, Furniture & Fixtures, Less Dejireciatiou 257,880.18 New Applications approved since Md. Deferred Cliarges 117. 063.15 Andress Jan. 1, 1967 9,667 Chad W. Martin (1966) and Edwin B. SIO.043.075.73 New Applications rejected 1,358 (1967), Post 274, Solomons, Md. Eli Burgoyne and Franklin S. Cunningham LI \BILITIES. DEFERRED REVENUE American Legion Life Insurance is an official and Fred Frazier (all 1965) and Donat J. & NET WORTH program of The American Legion, adopted by Madore and Roy L. McGuire (both 1966), Post Curr. nt Liabilities S 491,145.19 the National Executive Committee, 1958. It is 88, Presque Isle, Maine. Funds Restricted as to use 27.289.95 reducing term insurance, issued on application Eugene J. Biagi (1966), Post 78, Boston, Mass. Deterred Income 1,225.366.02 to paid-up members of The American Legion John Ferris (1967), Post 192. Norwell, Mass. Trust Funds: subject to approval based on health and em- Tliomas I. Flynn and William Flynn and Overseas Graves Decoration ployment statement. Death benefits range from Daniel Hegarty and Albert Holland (all 1967), Trust Fund 291.202.60 §11,500 (full unit up through age 29) in reduc- Post 248, Groveland, Mass. Eruplovt es Rc tirement ing steps with age to termination of insurance Frank A. Nietupski (1967), Post 286, Wil- Trust Fund 1 .017.479 .22 4,308,681.82 at end of year in which 75th birthday occurs. braham. Mass. Net Worth :

Quoted benefit includes 15' , "bonus" in excess William E. Baker and Ward Samson (both Reserve Funii 443,197.11 of contract amount. For calendar year 1967 1967). Post 51, Buchanan, Mich. Restricted Fund 1.079.646.92 the 15% "across the board" increase in benefits Gust Babin (1967), Post 68, Paw Paw, Mich. Real Estate 821.521.81 will continue to all participants in the group Guy Heim and Charles Herman and Harold Reserve lor insurance plan. Available in half and full units Jones and Lyle Lucas (all 1967), Post 85, Ber- Rcliabilitalion 412.8.35.59 at a flat rate of $12 or $24 a year on a calendar rien Springs, Mich. Reserve for year basis, pro-rated during the first year at Joseph Enrietti and James F. Jackson (both Child Welfare 114,431.29 $1 or $2 a month for insurance approved after 1967), Post 230, Mohawk. Mich. Reserve for Convention.... 60.000.00 January 1. Underwritten by two commercial Leo J. Seifert (1966). Post 36. Fairmont, Reserve for Mail List life insurance companies. American Legion Minn. Conversion 47,107.95 Insurance Trust Fund is managed by trustee Clarence Lohrbach (1967). Post 384. Dodge Reserve for 50th operating under the laws of Missouri. No other Center. Minn. Anniversary 63.341 .58 insurance may use the full words "American Joe P. D'Amico and Bobby Peters (both 3.042,082.25

Legion." Administered by The American Legion 1967). Post 1. Jackson, Miss. Unrestricted Capital 948. 510.20 3 . 990,592.45 Insurance Department, P. O. Box 5609, Chicago, Orville S. Tray lor (1967), Post 69, Springfield, SIO.043,075.73 Illinois 60680, to which write for more details. Mo. 38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 ments for each. When you're in the field, all you need to do is to turn the sights LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS up or down according to the calculated dis- tance of the target. For free tables of rim fire bullet wind deflection and drop, write: Rim Fire Ballistics, Public Relations Divi- Mysterious Turtle sion, The Remington Arms Co., Inc., Bridgeport, Conn. 06602.

ALL THE OUTDOOR creatures a sports- flected sound waves. Book explains how OF BEWARE of rusty chains lying in the woods man or camper is apt to meet, the turtle such a device can chart the bottom of a in bear country, warns Bradley Barkau of is the one he knows least about, biologists lake, locate weed beds, bars, dropoffs, etc., Okawville, 111. Take a stick and poke a trail say. Being a reptile, and repulsive, it usually besides finding fish and indicating their size. to the chain. Most often it leads to a set receives no more than an inquisitive prod Price: $1.25. bear trap. If it grabs you by the leg and with a boot toe. And from the rear, so you're alone, you're in bad trouble. lantern, there's no possibility it might snap off that IMPROVE your gasoline suggests folding toe. The next time you see a turtle, realize R. Elwell of Hutchinson, Kan., by SHELL CARRIER, new for shotgunners, you have met one of nature's strangest aluminum foil around one-third of the is a high-impact plastic box called Shelpak freaks. globe. It will reflect twice as much light that hangs from your belt. Shell rims slide where you want it, almost like a super- turtle its skeleton on the out- The wears into grooves in the open cover, five rows flashlight. ribs with tissue side, the being covered bony holding five shells each. Box base holds scales, a shell. top, and heavy forming The empties for reloading, or for later discard SPORTSMAN'S CLOCK for den or cabin, or carapace, and the bottom, or plastron, so they won't clutter up the woods. Price: by Trig-O-Lock Co. of 2649 Henry St., are connected at the sides, the result being $2.98 from Industro-Motive Corp., Troy, Augusta, Ga., is wireless, handsomely an armored receptacle into which the turtle Mich. carved from walnut in mallard, quail or can withdraw when danger threatens. But this rigid shell skeleton makes breathing a FOR WARMER FEET in cold weather, trick; the turtle accomplishes it by pulsing wear extra shoe insoles cut from cardboard, its neck and the floor of its mouth to draw writes Bob Collins of Hickory, N.C. Card- air into its lungs. Some water turtles also board is a first-rate insulator and also ab- can absorb oxygen through their throat sorbs perspiration, reducing evaporation membranes. With such a breathing handi- which lowers foot temperature. cap, few species can make sounds louder than a hiss, but the Giant Turtle of the FINDING FISH UNDERWATER is easier tropics can bellow like a bull. Somewhat with glasses that let you look through sur- different is the world's largest, the Leathery face glare. Called Fish-Locator's, the maker Turtle, so-called because its shell is leather- claims the glasses form a little "dark room" like skin instead of bone. It inhabits the around eye so that only light passing Sportsman s clock runs on one Damery. each South Seas, and can grow to eight feet long through the polarized lenses reaches your and a ton in weight! pheasant design. Numeral positions are shot- eyes. You can see fish, underwater obstacles Our Snapping Turtle can reach and even the bottom when looking for a common shell bases. Size: 12x16 inches. Runs for al- don't get friendly even a to also 70 pounds; with most two years on a single flashlight battery! good place anchor. They can be small one. Although it has no teeth, its Price: $39.50. Write for brochure. used as ordinary sun glasses and to eliminate strong jaws can snip off a finger or a chunk snow glare in winter sports. Available for of leg. In water, it's harmless, $9.25 from camping and marine supply the however, TO HOLD line, leader and lure close to it stores or from Gloy's, Inc., 1 1 Addison St., because can avoid you easily by swim- your assembled fishing rod so the hooks Larchmont, N. ming away. You can recognize a Snapper won't swing out and snag something nearby, Y. its oversize long gator-like tail, by head and use the little wired strips that come twisted EGGS that break en route on a camping both too large for it to hide completely in around plastic bread bags to seal them, sug- trip are not only useless but make a mess its shell. A big specimen will eat more game gests M. Lewis of Covington, Ky. About fish than catch! Its tenacity to life of everything they touch. The solution, you can three, twisted around rod and line at inter- is incredible. suggests C. E. Strong of HoUidaysburg, Pa., Even when decapitated by an vals along the rod's length, are sufficient. ax or bullet, both its body and head will is to carry them already broken! Break them continue to live for hours, its jaws still snap- into a clean quart milk carton or plastic SHOOTING PATCHES, club insignia and ping. jar. then seal tightly. To use. just pour them other badges can be attached to your shoot- into the pan. Also common is the pretty Painted Pond ing jacket with snaps, says Bret Christie of Turtle, harmless, with red and yellow trim Portland, Ore. This beats sewing them on GOLFERS, you might save yourself a golf on its dark carapace, and a yellow-striped because snaps make them easy to remove club by heeding the advice of S. Delbert of head. The Box Turtle of the woods, also when you have to have the jacket dry- Toledo, Ohio. Fasten gummed return-ad- harmless, can be identified by its high, cleaned. domed carapace with yellow markings, and dress stickers to each club below the grip, and cover them with Scotch tape. Not only its brick-red neck. Strangely, it's really a SKEET SHOOTING book by D. Lee will .it discourage theft, but if the club is mixed-up sek turtle that has given ^ap the Braun, trainer of many champions, and mislaid, the finder will be able to return it. sea. Both of these species are easily tamed. published by The Benjamin Co., N.Y.C., Another you might find is the Stink Pot Good idea for bag and shoes, too. is considered the best yet by clay-bird Turtle. can't confuse it You with any other; shooters. Besides fundamentals of scatter- it smells like a skunk! FORGET SUNGLASSES? Temporary sub- gunning, it completely covers all eight skeet stitute is a strip of adhesive tape across the And who said turtles are slow? In the stations, from how to place your feet to top one-third of the lenses of your regular water, they can outswim any Olympic cham- where to break the target, together with glasses, writes Edward Thayer of Beverly pion. In fact, a large Sea Turtle can swim drawings and camera-gun photos. Price: Hills, Calif. It will serve like sun visors on at a speed equal to that of our fastest sprint $1.95. a car to cut down glare. runners! Fortunately for bathers, it's harm- less. It's also good eating. FOR RIM FIRE SHOOTERS who have If you have a helpful idea for this feature difficulty staying target tjie .22 on with cal. send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you ELECTRONIC FISHING is the subject of rifle at different ranges, the Remington Arms $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- a new book by Lowrance Electronics Mfg. people have a suggestion. With either 'scope turn, or enter into correspondence concern- ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, Corp., Tulsa, Okla., maker of the famous or iron sights, zero in the rifle at both 50 The American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth Fish LO-K-TOR which locates fish by re- and 100 yards. Then mark the sight adjust- Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 39 HAS THE SUPREME COURT EXCEEDED ITS POWERS? more than confirming any intent of the (Continued from page 14) authors of the Constitution to let courts They are put to that strain out of the blindly from a standard book published annul laws. Interested readers should common knowledge that the growth of in 1900, Bozell returns to them in detail follow his text. the power of the Court came a few dec- in 1966. In the United States, the word of the ades after the Constitution was written, When he is done with them they go Constitution repeatedly establishes the and that it traces its powers more to the far to prove that the founding fathers supremacy of Congress over the Su- zeal and political adroitness of the fourth would not ever stomach a court cancel- preme Court. It grants Congress general Chief Justice, John Marshall (appointed ing a law. powers to regulate all the federal courts.

1 801), than to any grant of authority in Right up to the writing of the Consti- It takes up the question of the courts' the Constitution. tution neither the people nor the political honoring the Constitution, and instructs In an extremely clever series of deci- leaders wanted any part of any court re- the state courts to do so. While on the sions, Marshall, who dominated his col- voking any law written by any legisla- subject it omits any mention of either a leagues, settled specific Supreme Court ture. The obvious reason, often force- right or responsibility of the Supreme cases to the satisfaction of his worst ene- fully expressed in colonial days, was that Court in the matter. mies, in each case stating a reason that the lawmakers are within the reach of the enlarged the power of the court. Thus he people at the polls while the courts are IT GIVES THE Supreme Court original disarmed his opponents with pleasing not. Jefl'erson said that Bunker Hill jurisdiction in certain federal mat- decisions while setting the precedents wasn't fought to put the law in the hands ters, such as cases arising out of treaties. to which the Court has owed its larger of non-elected officials. But in allowing the Supreme Court to powers. Most of his successors real- hear appeals (which is where it has raised ized that Marshall had carried the the most ruckus) it was made inferior to Court's powers far beyond any word of Congress, for the Constitution explicitly the Constitution. They safeguarded their gives Congress the right to regulate the position with that exercise of restraint Court's hearing of appeals. Bozell points which the present Court majority is now out, by going to what its framers said at accused of abandoning. the time, that the Constitution, in nam- Defenders of Marshall's enlarged ing three things that will be the "su- powers have felt the need over the years preme law of the land," was limiting to put them on firmer ground by finding them to three—thus excluding all pre- some excuse in the Constitution for tensions of the modern Court that it is them. Lacking any word in the law itself, the author of "supreme law" too, unless they built a case of the "intent" of the it is conceded that the Court is free to Constitution. Divining the intent of the rewrite the Constitution. deceased is a game with loose rules. The The "independence of the judiciary"

Court's friends base their case on the is applauded on all sides, but what is presumed beliefs of the founding fathers. meant by it is not settled. As some see

These, in turn, are based on presumed it, it means that the Congress shall not court customs inherited from England tamper with the functioning of the and preserved by the colonies. courts. There shall be trial by jury. On The key question goes right to the the High Court the Justices shall be ap- root. Has the Supreme Court ever had pointed for life "during good behavior" any Constitutional power or right at all and Congress shall not meddle with this. -'Why do I have to get a shot in the bot- constitutionality have to to rule on the of a law tom? It's my throat that hurts." Congress does power impeach behavior," it has passed by Congress? THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE judges for "bad and been exercised a few times on federal No SUCH AUTHORITY is hinted at in the In most of the cases cited in law books jurists, though not at the Supreme Court Constitution. It was first clearly to prove that the courts overruled legis- level. In this view, any right of courts enunciated by Marshall in the celebrated latures as a matter of course in Colonial to annul laws is not part of the "inde- Marbury case. He reached a decision days, the judges whose decisions are cited pendence of the judiciary." It is rather against all his sympathies and in favor denied any right or intent to annul law. a trampling on the "independence of the of his enemies in exchange for claiming The rulings attributed to some others legislature." And that is the consistent that the Court could rule on the consti- were never made. Some "cases" cited English view, too. tutionality of acts of Congress. were never cases at all. The only open But this dilemma has often been The Court's defenders, sensing that a and shut case among them was in Eng- voiced: Suppose that the states and Con- personal bargain of Marshall's is hardly land, where a court overruled an act of gress defy the Constitution? Who, then, a rule binding on the people of a re- Parliament in favor of the prerogatives if not the Supreme Court, will defend it? public, go back to certain court cases in of King James II. Bozell goes to the his- As Jefferson implied in his "Bunker Hill" England and in pre-Constitution Amer- torical fact that the King trumped up the analogy, the people will. They can get ica to show that the right of a court to whole thing. Judges, plaintiff' and de- at legislators who defy the basic law on annul a law was then so well understood fendant were all in cahoots with him. each election day and replace them. But that the founding fathers felt no need to Shortly after that decision, James was there is no election day for the Supreme

spell it out in the Constitution. It was dethroned and Parliament established its Court, so the more serious dilemma is implied all along. supremacy over the English courts. None "Who will defend the Constitution if the L. Brent Bozell in his current book have voided an act of Parliament since. Court abuses it?" "The Warren Revolution" (Arlington A sorrier "precedent in law" to empower Today this question isn't academic. House, New Rochelle, N.Y., 1966. $7.) our Court to annul law could hardly be Several attempts to amend the Constitu- demolishes these cases in 366 pages of found. tion to undo Court decisions that are felt scholarship. The American "precedents," Bozell to be mischievous or tyrannical have re- Instead of merely citing the cases shows, are a complete shambles, refuting cently been supported by majorities in

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 —

Congress, but failed of the two-thirds state Senate similar to the U.S. Senate

majority needed before being put before even if they voted for it. At that time the states. every state but one (Nebraska) had one, Sen. Sam J. Ervin, Jr., of North and when the Constitution was written New Carolina, has sought to put the admissa- all but three states did. The U.S. Senate bility of confessions in a criminal court was based in part on the pattern of such Spray Formula out of the reach of the Supreme Court. state senates. Bozell, not letting up a min- His amendment would make the trial ute, notes that the Constitution guar- Gives Brilliant judge the sole arbiter of that, with the antees each state a republican form of proviso that he must find the confession government. In denying Colorado's Shoe to be voluntary. voters (or those in any other state) the Shine A series of recent Supreme Court de- right to vote to have their own kind of cisions limiting the admittance of con- Senate, he says, the Court trampled on in just seconds!

fessions in courts has produced hair- the Constitution again. For it is the es- raising consequences in law enforce- sence of a republican form of govern- ment. One of the first results was the re- ment in Colorado that the people may lease without trial of a New York man design their own state government. The who freely admitted murdering his wife Constitution also refers offhandedly to and children. Statistics showing serious "the most numerous branch" of a state's

increases in unpunished crime, directly legislature, accepting on the face of it following Court decisions that tie the two or more Houses in one state, formed hands of police and magistrates, have differently. been recorded by many law enforcement Back to Senator Dirksen. Having agencies. failed to get an amendment to the Con- Sen. Everett Dirksen, of Illinois, has stitution on school prayer or state gov- fallen short of sufficient support to get ernment passed by two-thirds of his po- amendments going in Congress to (a) litical brethren in Washington, he turned allow voluntary school prayer, and to to the people and the states. Dirksen Authorized For Use (b) put an end to the Supreme Court's called for a Constitutional convention, dictating how state legislatures will be which Article V of the Constitution pro- By The Military - Now formed and how their voting districts vides for on "application of the Legisla- will be created. tures of two-thirds of the states." The Available To Public!

The Court's recent adventure into surprising result was that on May 1, No Buffing, Brushing state politics ended in a shocker. It began 1967, 32 states had approved petitions in 1 962 with the Tennessee case in which calling for such a convention. Only two Or Daubing- the Court claimed jurisdiction over more were needed with 16 states state yet to Money Back Guarantee! voting districts. It was a claim not sup- vote on the matter. ported by any word in the Constitution This revolutionary new development or by any legal precedent. The modern SENATOR Dirksen, delighted by the fa- shines leather shoes to a high, hard gloss in just seconds! One quick Court based its invasion of state politics vorable response, predicts that the spray and you have a lustrous polish on the rights of voters to equal repre- remaining two states will act favorably in that lasts and lasts. sentation, under its reading of the 14th 1968, if not before. He said that "For Until recently INSTANT SHINE was available in only a handful Amendment. over 175 years, the people in each State of outlets, PX'es and ship's stores where it Bozell says that in going just so far had and exercised" the power to shape proved to be the quick way to get a as to claim jurisdiction over state elec- their state legislatures. But "the Supreme "spit 'n' polish" shine with no strain or fuss. Now the same formula is tions and legislatures in the 1962 deci- Court took away this right of the people available to readers of this publica- sion, Justice Black misquoted and quoted by its decision in Reynolds vs. Sims and tion. Processed from a blend of out of context statements of the authors related cases, decided in June 1964 . . . silicones, waxes and lanolins, INSTANT SHINE of the Constitution. Bozell cites fuller They are bound to [the Supreme Court's] works on leather shoes of all colors. texts in proof. He notes too that the Con- standard no matter what the people It does not stain hands, clothing or stockings. stitution spelled out the right of the states want." It is ideal for any leather product. to manage their elections, with Congress The Senator charged that "hberal" Each can contains as many as 90 as the only regulatory federal body, and forces friendly to the Court's decision, shoe shines and sells for only $2.95. Excellent for children's, then only in electing members of the na- caught by surprise, had tried to halt the women's or men's shoes. Try a can at our risk! tional Congress. procession of approval of a Constitutional If not satisfied, return the item within ". 10 days and the full purchase price In the third case on the same subject, convention. . . Efforts were made in will be refunded. Orders will be filled in 1964, the Court ruled on alleged at least five states to get legislatures Con- to on a first-come-first-served basis. So stitutional grounds that no state can have rescind their action. Every one of those fill in this coupon and mail today! its own equivalent of the U.S. Senate efforts failed." a chamber whose members represent in- States yet to vote on the proposal are BICK INTERNATIONAL terests of areas rather than population. California, Oregon, Alaska, Hawaii, DEPT. A, DRAWER 46695 This time "rights of voters" under any Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, West LOS ANGELES, CALIF. 90046 Yes, send me your INSTANT SHINE @ reading of the 14th Amendment were Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New $2.95 per can ppd. I'm enclosing

. as full payment for thrown out the window, since in the test York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Ver- can(s). I understand that I can return the product case the citizens of Colorado had voted mont and Maine. within 10 days if I am dissatisfied and the full purchase to keep their Senate as it was rather than A Constitutional convention has not price will be refunded. reapportion it by population like their been held since 1787, when the Consti- NAME lower house. tution was drafted, and no one knows ADDRESS The Court ruled —from out of the exactly what would result. A convention CITY STATE ZIP blue—that the citizens couldn't have a (Continued on page 42) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 41 HAS THE SUPREME COURT EXCEEDED ITS POWERS? interfere with Justice Department efforts (Continued from page 41) to enforce the Smith Act. could amend the Constitution freely or for months or years. But throughout his- In this case, authors of the Smith Act even rewrite it. The work of the con- tory, when obstruction runs against a tide were still alive. Rep. Howard W. Smith, vention would again have to be ratified of general discontent, it finally fails. of Virginia, whose name it bore, penned by legislatures in three-fourths of the Then the obstructors stand in history as a letter stating no intent to override state states, or by elected delegates to sepa- the villains. laws, but rather to reinforce the web of rate conventions in three-fourths of the One who studies frustrated popular laws against sedition. And Congress had states, as required under Article V. discontent can visualize long continued placed the Act in Title 18 of the U.S.

The rapid approval by 32 of the first unrestrained use of power by the Court Code, which stipulates that nothing in it 34 states to vote on a Constitutional con- finally resulting in changes in the Con- shall step on state laws! vention was a complete shocker in Wash- stitution far more "impossible to miscon- The Justice Department entered the ington, suggesting that the capital has strue" than the Legion's delegates proba- case with a brief on behalf of Pennsyl- been out of touch with the great discon- bly intended, such as: vania, to the effect that what Pennsyl- tent with the Supreme Court elsewhere. "No court shall void an enactment of vania did to enforce its sedition laws Presumably all sorts of roadblocks will a legislature," or wouldn't bother it a bit. The Supreme be thrown in the convention's path, as "The Congress shall judge the consti- Court ruled that it knew what was in- some already have been. The final tended far better than those in whose weapon against it would be obstructions minds the intent existed. that would have to be resolved by the Su- Then came Chapter 2. Now Nelson preme Court. It would surely find rea- was convicted, with others, under the soning to defend itself from such a con- Smith Act. The Supreme Court heard the vention, though there is a rule of law appeal on this too, and now it freed him that no man shall judge his own case. again. Then, in the Yates case it further Senator William Proxmire, of Wiscon- knocked down the Smith Act. sin, suggests how to defeat the conven- Net result: all the states gave up en- tion. He says that 26 of the 32 state pe- forcing their sedition laws "because the titions should be rejected because those Smith Act superseded them" and the states have yet to reapportion their vot- Justice Department threw up its hands ing districts under the Court ruling, at enforcing the Smith Act. hence their legislatures are "illegal." Out of these mental gymnastics, there Proxmire calls the whole idea of a Con- emerged two winners—the Supreme stitutional convention a "Pandora's-hox Court and the Communist Party. nightmare." There is only a political cure for the Dirksen's reply is that this nation is Court mentality revealed in the Nelson one—or should be one—of the people, cases. That is to hold the elected officials by the people and for the people. If who appoint judges accountable at the three-fourths of the states ratify the con- polls. The people are not yet widely ask- vention, that fact should supersede any ing office seekers to commit themselves ruling of a majority of nine men named " —and now stay tuned for the Late, Late to the kind of judges and justices they to the Supreme Court. Show, which will be even more exciting!" will appoint if elected. But that may be The support that a new Constitutional THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE next, if the surprising support of a call convention has already gotten must have for the nation's second Constitutional a profound effect. It shows an impatience tutionality of the acts of the states, and convention means what it seems to. the people shall judge the Congress in with the Supreme Court that runs far Today there is an outward calm over deeper than many political leaders had regular elections." the Court issue in the power centers of suspected. Shrewd politicians must get Horrible as such propositions would American politics. Dirksen's call is still the message. seem to many Americans (they would two states short, and you may be sure the tear up our highest legal fabric going wheels are grinding to hold the remain- PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES DWy yet be back to John Marshall), England has ing 16 states in check.

moved to promise to appoint men of survived such principles for centuries. But if they follow the trend of the first the stature of Judges Hand, Medina and Yet amendments that restrict the 34, the issue of the Supreme Court will Pound if they have the chance. Senators Court do not assure the people of wise, be squarely before the nation in a debate may yet resolve to block appointments thoughtful, restrained and humble jur- of such gravity that few people yet grasp of lesser lights. ists. No Constitutional matter was be- what it will mean, no matter how it Amendments to the Constitution to fore the modern Supreme Court in the goes. THE END check the Court and undo some of its first Steve Nelson case. Nelson had been worst decisions may be the compromise convicted of Communist subversive ac- to avoid returning the whole body of the tivities under Pennsylvania's sedition law of the land to the people at a Con- law. His appeal was simply that the Smith GIVE stitutional convention. Few new votes Act, adopted by Congress, had put the would be needed to tip the scales for whole matter in federal hands. Hence AT THE fSS Congressional support of some such Pennsylvania's law was dead. The Su- amendments. preme Court agreed and freed Nelson. SIGN \k>f; The ground swell against the Court is It said that Congress intended to wipe ""^ large and growing. While popular move- out the state sedition laws in favor of OF THE ments may be slow, in the long eye of federal law when it adopted the Smith history the more they are frustrated the Act. The Court said that a chief reason RINGING BELL more irresistible they become. for this intent of Congress was that the Political obstructions may stall things states' enforcement of their laws would

42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 TO A PROFITABLE BUSINESS of Your own with small investment YOU CAN START WITH ONE DETERGER.. ANY TWO ... OR ALL THREE

FULL OR PART TIME !

H Von Schrader oifers you these three tried and proven READ BELOW what a few of our many Associates money-making businesses. You can start with one Deterger have to say about the success of Von Schradcr's FREE and, by working week-ends, add hundreds of dollars to your ENTERPRISE PLAN. Then return the coupon or write today. monthly income while still employed. It costs nothing to get the details. Be sure to check the Deterger you are most interested in starting with. M Or, you can start your business with any two, or all three E. L. McLAINE • New York • E. ACTON • Oregon . Up- Detergers, and build rapidly to a point where helpers and — Wall "I'm over 60 years old. holstery— "I don't work very even additional Detergers are necessary. All three Detergers In my spare time I make $125 hard at this but in one day my are reasonably priced... and many Associates make more to $175 per week." boy and I made $170."

than the price they paid in the first few weeks and from • • S. • . the F. LOTMAN Canada Wall RALLINGS— California supplies that came with their original order. — "Our machines have grossed Upholstery "I'm averaging

us over $50,000 for the past about $200 a week . . . one M You need no shop because all work is done in customers' 12 months." month went up to $1000." homes or on their premises. And have you no overhead T. NORTHRUP • Jersey R. MORTON • Michigan • New because you work out of • — your own home. Wall— "This last month just Rug "$2000 in two weeks . . . several weeks over $1000." « Full operating instructions come with the Detergers and working Saturdays and occa- sional evenings I cleared J. THORNTON • Illinois • you need no special skill or training. You can grow as fast around $600." Rug— $90 and $100 a day is as you want to with the assurance that Von Schrader will common with your wonderful G. WINTER . Wyoming • Up- help you every step of the way. Our Business Manual tells deterger." holstery— "Last year I did everything need you know, including how to go about get- $10,000. This is a one-man op- C. LEONARD • Ohio • Rug— ting business, suggested sales letters, tips on keeping books eration. Many weeks are now "My largest week so far $250-$300." and tax records, suggested ads and radio announcements, brought me $1568." etc. Von Schrader assistance is always at your service. Training and consulting with experts is also available... SEND FOR THE FACTS TODAY and without charge. VON SCHRADER MFG. CO. if Von Schrader is the oldest and largest company manu- E17 "A" Place, Racine. Wis. 53403 facturing machines of this type and we are keenly interested Please rush information about your in the success of each of our Associates. Our FREE ENTER- PRISE PLAN has been developed and fashioned with your -DETERGER(S) {Write in name of deterger is) future in mind. Your business always belongs to you ... no and how I can start profitable one can ever take it away. You pay no dues or fees or my own business. royalties to anyone. All the money you take in belongs to Name you ... you are truly your own boss in your own business. Address- VON SCHRADER MFG. CO. i City -State- -Zip_

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 43 PERSONAL Sure beats smoking! COST OF LIVING GOES UP, UP! TRAVEL TROUBLES TO MISS. HOME FIRE GUIDELINES. (opGnhagenJ I What the experts call a "cost-push" rapidly is developing in our economy. This means that 1) manufacturing costs are rising faster than productivity, Enjoy Copenhagen: Place a small pinch so 2) the prices of goods you buy will be marked up—even in areas (such between cheek and gum. No chewing. as color TV) where sales are relatively slow. In short, it all portends that the average fellow's standard of living won't United States Tobacco Company improve much in the months ahead, and may barely hold its own. True, HOME WALL MAP wage rates are rising, but there's less overtime pay now. And meantime the trend in food, services. Social Security and taxes definitely is up. OF VIETNAM If like more and more people you are going to take an extensive trip Follow Loved Ones & War News. — — this winter, remember these important points: Hammond's official map as supplied to USIA & Defense Dep't. Towns keyed as on U.S. • Foreign travel: You can't visit some countries at all nowadays because road maps. (See "Personal," Sept. '67 Am. they are on the State Department's so-called "permanent danger list." They Leg. Mag. p. 54). 29" high, 21" wide. Send $1 today to: "International," PO Box 601, New include North Vietnam, North Korea, Communist China, Albania and Cuba. York, N.Y. 10023. Ask for "Viet War Map." Meantime, the State Department has an ever-changing "temporary danger Also, list of original gifts desired by GI's sent on request. list" of countries where travel is exceedingly risky. To find out what's on the risky list, consult a passport office or ask your travel agent. FREE TABLES! • Trouble en route: If you're in a supposedly safe country and trouble CHAIRS! erupts, go to the U.S. Embassy. It will advise you what to do (and also will help arrange new travel reservations or accommodations in safer spots). • BANQUET/MEETING FURNITURE • Oversold airplanes: New penalties just now are coming into effect for • TENNIS TABLES • COAT/ HAT RACKS "bumping" passengers with confiiTned reservations. Broadly, these are the rules: if a U.S. line can't find space for you as promised when you turn up Adirondack at the airport, it must 1) get you to your destination within two to four hours 276-0 Park Ave. So.; N.Y.C. 10010 of your original flight some other way, or 2) pay you a penalty ranging from the %h\pp>ng Points — PITTSBURGH • CHICAGO $25 to $200. Last year number of persons bumped was about 50,000 out BOSTON • DALLAS • ATLANTA • LOS ANGELES of 110,000,000—usually in rush hours.

HELP FIGHT TUBERCULOSIS AND OTHER RESPIRATORY DISEASES Now that it's turning cooler again, keep the increasing danger of fires in mind. Smoking and matches cause most residential damage, which, inci- dentally, has been on a sharp rise because: 1) there are more homes to burn, 2) there's more in them, and 3) new flammable materials create new hazards. Night blazes are the most treacherous, and families are wai'ned to: • Work out an escape plan for the entire family. Be sure you devise an alternate route in case the main one is blocked. • Warn your family that if anyone smells smoke at night, not to rush into the hall. Instead, first test the bedroom door to find out if it's hot. If it isn't, open it slightly and see if your primary escape route is clear. If it's im- passable, keep the door closed. This will give you a few minutes to phone (if an instrument is in the room), call for help, use the alternate escape route or eventually leave via a window. • Should a window be your only escape, first throw some bedding or pil- lows to the ground to break your drop.

The average American home now is so full of electrical appliances that a shortage of repairmen rapidly is developing (one manufacturer figures the mm deficit at 50,000 or more). Here is how the appliance industry currently is trying to get everybody out of the fix: CHRISTMAS 1967 U 1) Modular appliances: Proctor-Silex is the leader in introducing six oooooooooooooo items (three irons, two toasters and a percolator) which the owner can mend on a do-it-yourself basis. Each appliance consists of five or six distinct pull- apart sections that can be replaced without tools as they wear out. 2) Phone information: Whirlpool now maintains a direct-wire, phone answering service which will give you the name of the nearest authorized repairman when you're in trouble (you can call the special Whirlpool num- ber free). 3) Solid-state components: Most appliance makers are substituting "solid- state" ingredients in their wares whei'ever possible to eliminate two tradi- tional trouble spots—wiring and tubes. Grunwald GREETINGS 1967

44 THE AMERCAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 THE GREAT CHICAGO FIRE (Continued from page 22)

heat. Many citizens tried to save what edge with cooling water. Others drove they could from the looters, although horses and wagonloads of personal treas-

Now you may get the money you need . . . their belongings were certain to be ures out into the lake. FAST! Borrow $100 to $1,000 with a Money- Pay As Little By-Mail "Secret Loan" from Dial. Absolute As $5.00 claimed by the flames. When a Jacob At mid-morning a vast pall of black privacy. No co-signers needed. ABSOLUTELY NO MORTGAGES OF ANY KIND REQUIRED. a Month Klein tried to stop two looters, one of and gray smoke churned over Chicago's You use your own signature. Pay up old bills and have cash left over out of every C»h 30 Monthly You Get Paymenb them fatally bashed in his skull with a skyline. It was seen for hundreds of paycheck. (Special: Credit life insurance available, at nominal cost). Whatever you $104.65 $5.00 need . . . for . . coal shovel. miles west out into the prairies and from money get it FAST . and in privacy by Mail from Dial. Write today. 293.02 14.00 No Obligation. The exodus from the burning and ships far out in Lake Michigan. And 532.26 25.00 DIAL FINANCE CO.. Dept. L-092 Cnh 3S Monthly soon-to-be-burning areas added to the under the pall, the fire raged on. Kll You Get Paymentt 410 patrlck BIdg., Oimha. Nebr. 6B102~ $33.00 confusion as fire apparatus bogged down Soon to burn that morning were FdIAL finance CO.. Dept. L-092 40.00 1410 KilpatricK in the masses of people clogging the Woods' Museum, which held Lincoln's Bldg.,Omahi,Nabr. 68102 Please rush FREE Loan Order Blank. NO AGENT I J WILL CALL streets. But there were some who refused catafalque, the Crosby Opera House, the I Name^ to leave their homes. A woman was for- Chicago Academy of Music, banks, I Address cibly removed twice grain elevators, lumberyards, and the from her Adams City State I ^^ip Code.. Michigan Illinois Street house. The third time she ran back and Central Railroad Amount you want to borrow $ I and vanished in the smoke and flames. depot, largest in the nation. Heat had twisted trolley tracks on State Street into curlicues. The six-story department store oper- ated by Marshall Field and Levi Leiter fell to the flames. Crumbling, too, were the eight-story Palmer House hotel and the Chicago Tribune building where, un- Piano, Guitar, ANY Instrument til the last. Publisher Joseph Medill and PLAY real tunes on ANY instrument right from his staff were determined to put out a the start — even if you don't know a single note now! Amazing course lets you teach yourself fire edition. at home, in spare time. Play tunes right away. Play by real notes. Make rapid progress. Easy as By that afternoon, the "fireproof" Chi- A-B-C. Low cost. Over 1,250,000 students. rt. FREE BOOK describes this famous J"* cago Historical Society building, with its 'J' course. See how easy learning music can be. Write TODAY: repository of President V* U.S. SCHOOL Lincoln's walk- OF MUSIC, Studio A4611, Port Wash- ing stick, John Brown's pike, and the ington, N.Y. 11050. (Est. 1898) Approved by New York State Education Department. original of the first Emancipation Proc- lamation, would be in ashes, along with Makes Eating With McCormick's reaper factory. "Several hundred tons of pig iron in the Mc- FALSE TEETH Cormick yard . . . ran together like taffy Up to 35% Easier in the sun," wrote Robert Cromie in Tests prove you can now chew better—make "The Great Chicago Fire." dentures average up to 35% more effective—if you just sprinkle a little FASTEETH on your In the Division, South ex-alderman plates. FASTEETH Powder Is alkaline. It holds "Well, if you must wear a mink coat to the Hildreth, still false teeth firmer, more comfortably. No gum- party, I'll determined to stop the see if you can borrow my my, gooey, pasty taste. Doesn't sour. Helps secretary's!" flames by blasting, found an ally in Philip check dental plate odor. Dentures that fit are essential to health. See your dentist regu- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE H. Sheridan, the Civil War general, who larly, Get FASTEETH at all drug counters. headed the local military district. A few became hysterical. Solomon Wit- kowsky, a clothing store owner, was seen LIFE INSURANCE HAD succecdcd in leveling a HILDRETH ISSUED BY UAIL • KUP IT FOA IIFC at a window in his home at Van Buren strip of buildings along Harrison and Harrison Streets firing a revolver NO OBLIGATION Street and needed only to blast the Wa- MAIL THISAD into the approaching flames. APPLICATION MAILED bash Avenue Methodist Church to com- TO YOU There $5000 ENTRY AGES 21 to 70 • $2000 ENTRY AGES 21 to 80 was tragicomedy in the glare plete a blocks'-long break that he hoped Whole Life Policy pays world-wide for death from any cause, that lit the rubbled streets. any time, exceot durinR Many chose would stop the fire in its south-bound first policy year for either suicide or death from undisclosed pre existing health conditions. to save incongruous Mail your belongings. A young rampage. Sheridan's name, address, zio code, year of birth and ad to With support, Hil- Great lady hurrying Lakes Insurance Co., Elgin. III. 60120. Dept. L17M6 through the streets dreth argued with the minister and some clutched an empty bird cage. Another parishioners who were anxious to save Possible carried a feather Now To duster. Two men the church. The minister won out after pushed a wooden cigar store Indian up showing the men that the church was Shrink Hemorrhoids LaSalle Street. Chief Fire Marshal Wil- prepared to stand off any threat from liams, knowing the battle And Promptly Stop Itching, was lost, went the flames; it was built of stone, and sand home to salvage a new carpet, while his was at hand, as well as water. Convinced, Relieve Pain In Most Cases. hosemen abandoned their lines to save Hildreth and Sheridan left, Hildreth to Science has found a medication with what they could of their own belongings, continue his blasting elsewhere. the ability, in most cases—to relieve or trudged back to fire stations that had Later, hearing that the church's pain, itching and shrink hemorrhoids. not been burned and fell into exhausted wooden tower was aflame, he was furi- In case after case doctors proved, sleep. ous that he had been talked out of blast- while gently relieving pain, actual re- By dawn, hundreds had sought refuge ing the building in the first place. Sheri- duction took place. The secret is Prep- on Lake Michigan's shoreline. As heat dan then ordered artillery to the scene aration H®. It also soothes irritated and smoke swept over them, husbands in order to shell the tower, but before it tissues and helps prevent further in- scooped holes in the sand, buried their arrived a former professional gymnast, fection. Just ask for Preparation H wives and children up to their necks and William Haskell, appeared and asked to Ointment or Suppositories. dashed back and forth from the water's (Continued on page 46)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 45 THE GREAT CHICAGO FIRE trains reached Chicago. Railroad mag- (Continued from page 45) nates Jim Fiske, Jay Gould and William Vanderbilt provided free transportation be given a chance to save the church. The city lay quiet as the morning sun for relief supplies and food and bedding. Haskell climbed hand-over-hand up tried to pierce the gray blanket of smoke In New York City, wagons passed up the side of the church and, using a rope shrouding Chicago. Publisher Medill was and down Fifth Avenue with signs, that he had carried with him. pulled up to describe the "widespread, soul-sicken- •GIVE US CLOTHING FOR THE buckets of water and doused the flames ing desolation. . . . The proud and stately FIRE SUFFERERS!" President Grant in the tower. The church was saved and city of yesterday . . . sunk into cellars sent his personal check for $1,000. the fire would travel no farther south. and basements. . . . What had hours be- (Lost in the awesomeness of the un- (Hundreds of spectators cheered Haskell fore been the mart of commerce was believable calamity that had befallen this and took up a collection to show their now an indescribable chaos of broken modern-day city were reports of another gratitude, but he disappeared before the columns, fallen walls, streets covered catastrophic fire that started the same money could be given to him. The col- with debris, melted metal. . . . Thousands Sunday night several hundred miles lectors then pocketed the money and of columns of smoke and enveloping north of Chicago. A forest fire had de- themselves disappeared into the crowd.) tongues of flame still rose out of the ." stroyed the town of Peshtigo, near Green tumbling ruins. . . Bay, Wis., and more than a dozen nearby EVENING FELL upon the city. some The fire had carved a swath four villages, with a loss of 1.500 lives.) As 30,000 homeless crowded into Lin- miles long and one mile wide. Some What had started the Chicago fire? coln Park in the North Division, while 2,400 of the city's 22,400 acres had The city's Board of Police and Fire Com- hundreds more camped for the night burned. Destroyed were 17,430 build- missioners Inquiry was unable to find a along the lakefront. Then the wind began ings. While only 120 bodies were found, cause. Many theories were advanced. to change. It blew now toward the al- official estimates would place the toll at Among them: spontaneous ignition of ready burned-out area of the city. The closer to 300. About 100.000 were the, new hay; claims that someone at the fire fought the strong breeze and a steady homeless. Four hundred million dollars McLaughlins" party had gone to the barn drizzle that began about 1 1 o'clock, but worth of property was destroyed. Of to filch some milk and tipped over a lan- the flames succeeded only in extending $175 million in insurable damages, tern; arson by a lunatic, and children their ruthless path a bit farther and the only about half of the claims would ever playing with matches. force of the conflagration gradually di- be paid as 57 of 341 insurance com- minished. Early Tuesday morning, the panies involved went bankrupt, many UNTIL SOMETIME later was the last building to burn was swallowed by paying but three cents on the dollar. NOT story of Mrs. O'Leary milking her the finally satiated flames. By nightfall, the first of many relief kicking cow advanced. It appeared in a Chicago Times article of October 18. 1871, which, while heaping abuse and Tiny Hearing Aid Helps Those With sarcasm upon the O'Learys ("During her testimony," the Times wrote, "the infant

she held kicked its bare legs and drew Mild or Moderate Nerve Deafness! nourishment from mammoth reser- A few short years ago, people with nerve deafness were considered beyond help. But voirs"), charged that she had set the fire today, a tiny Radioear is opening up an exciting, new world of hearing for those out of spite because she had been taken with mild or moderate losses. This remarkable little hearing aid, the Radioear 931, off relief. (She had never been on.) Nor weighs just a fraction of an ounce. If you have nerve deafness—whether it is mild or was any evidence produced to show that moderate— send the coupon for more information. Or if you ^ Mrs. O'Leary had gone to the barn after know a friend or relative who needs hearing help, show him this /'C^~*^ her regular 5 o'clock milking. ad. Radioear makes a full line of quality hearing aids for all RADIOEAR®/ ^' The O'Learys soon faded into obscur- types of correctible hearing losses. Hearfnl A^d ity, and the site where the fire started is occupied today by the block-square Fire It's Inconspicuous on Men! Women Hide It Beautifully! Academy of the Chicago Fire Depart- ment. A fire station adjoins the school. Outside the Academy stands a spiraling metallic flame monument to the fire. In 1922, from a program commemo- rating the anniversary date of the fire, a nationwide observance of Fire Preven- tion Week (the Sunday through Saturday period in which October 8-10 falls) was formally proclaimed by the President of the United States and the Governor Gen-

eral of Canada. It is still observed today, under the continuing sponsorship of the Radioear Corporation \ ALSO AVAILABLE National Fire Protection Association. 2X1-A ^ Department P^KEE OF CHAKCxE! That Chicago quickly recovered from Valley Brook Road RADIOEARy DRAMATIC NEW BOOKLET . , , the conflagration is credited largely to Canonsburg, Pa. 15317 ^"il'B'^rd"' X such civic boosters as Publisher Medill, Please send me more information about the "The Truth About Radioear 9.U. who editorialized, "Let the Watchword Nerve Deafness" Q Also send me the revealing "Nerve Deafness" henceforth be: Chicago Shall Rise booklet free of charge. Name Answers questions often asked about Again." Medill used the slogan a few nerve deafness. Reveals many impor- weeks after the fire when he ran for Address tant facts. Check the coupon for your Mayor. Campaigning on "The Fireproof City State Zip free copy. Ticket," he won—hands down, the end

46 the AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 !

Ws easy to make up to 00.00 ^ ^^^"^ in your spare time • • • and get • • •

when you accept as few as 5 orders a month as a Mason Shoe Counselor in your neighborhood.

HOW would you like to collect a handsome "second every six months ... as long as you continue to send as salary" week after week and get FREE SHOES FOR LIFE, few as 5 orders every month. These FREE shoes are an too? It's easy ! Just introduce nationally-advertised Mason extra bonus in addition to the big cash commissions you shoes to friends, neighbors and other people you meet. collect on every sale. You choose any shoe in the Mason

Regardless of your age, education or experience—even line . . . select for yourself, your wife, your children. if you've never sold a thing before in your life—you can Greater selection than any retail store! hour in your spare make $5.00 to $10.00 an time as a Mason shoes sell fast! That's because you offer 275 styles highly respected Mason Shoe Counselor. for men, women and children . . . with many exclusive You don't invest a cent! Your FREE demonstration Outfit comfort features. When it comes to fit, you draw on rings up the sales fast — virtually automatically! Mason's stock of 300,000 pairs, sizes 4 to 16, widths Yes, we send you a FREE Demonstration Outfit that AA to EEEE. And —every sale means automatic repeat starts making good money for you the very first hour! and referral business 'cause Mason shoes are NOT sold You don't invest a penny. You carry no inventory. You in stores. Folks must buy from YOU every time have no overhead expenses. But you do keep 100% of Get started right away! your profits! Many Mason Shoe Counselors sell 2, 3, 4, Mail the coupon below and we'll rush the FREE Demon- even 3 pairs of shoes in one short visit to a friend's house stration Outfit that puts money into your pocket the very — it's that easy! You, too, can earn $50.00, $75.00, first hour! Starts you on your way to a $100.00 a week $100.00 or more a week and extra income plus FREE SHOES FOR LIFE! Send no GET FREE SHOES FOR LIFE money now or later. Get everything FREE. No obliga- That's right—you are eligible to receive FREE SHOES tion. Rush the coupon TODAY! © Mason Shoe Mfg. Co. 1964

RUSH COUPON FOR YOUR FREE OUTFIT! Rush Coupon for your FREE OUTFIT! MASON SHOE MFG. CO., Dept. G-661 j Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin We give you everything |

you need to make big cash OK, show me how I con moke up to in spare time $100.00 a week | profits from the very first -and get FREE SHOES FOR LIFE! Rush me-FREE and without I hour. Mail the coupon for obligation— everything I need to start making BIG MONEY in my your FREE Outfit today! very first spore hour. I MASON SHOE NAME (Please print) MFG. CO. ADDRESS. Dept. G-661 Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin CITY STATE ZIP CODE (If known)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 47 HOW TO PROTECT YOUR CREDIT RATING a dozen retail stores handling similar (Continued from page 27) merchandise. Do keep a detailed budget of your monthly expenses. Always main- ability to meet obligations. A bankruptcy whether his account is slow; whether un- tain a balance between income and is the strongest indication of irresponsi- satisfactory pay has required collec- outgo. bility that we can have. The man who's tion; or the account is 60 or 90 days de- 2. Know what your credit is costing been through it once tends to head for linquent; or has been charged off as un- you in dollars. Don't be confused by the next one like a horse heading for the collectible, or whether it has resulted in "amortization fables" or the difficulty of barn." a repossession. Every type of loan is assessing "rates of interest." The formula In our highly mobile society, the auto- covered: personal, auto, household, for finding the dollar cost of credit is mobile is considered a necessity rather equipment, charge accounts, dealer sales simple. Take the number of monthly than a luxury. An automobile reposses- contracts, real estate, home improve- payments times the amount of the sion (called a "repo" in the trade) on a ment. Debts may be outlawed because monthly payments. From this figure, credit record, therefore, ranks next to of the statute of limitations; but the subtract the stated purchase price of the bankruptcy as cause for refusal. recorded fact of that unpaid debt is never item. The difference, no matter what it "A repo is major," says our banker. outlawed. This may smack frighteningly is called (service charge, interest, carry- "A man today is dependent on his of Big Brother, but it is legal and is the ing costs, etc.), is what you are paying wheels; if he let's them go, he'll think future of our retail credit system. in dollars to "buy now and pay later." nothing of letting his furniture or house- If it seems too costly, buy elsewhere, or hold appliances go." DISTURBING aspect of this is the ONE wait until you can pay cash. The worse All lending institutions have recourse unjust derogatory credit report. your credit, of course, the fewer the to retail credit reporting agencies in Suppose a man gets a transmission job stores that will extend credit to you, and scrutinizing a prospective borrower's done on his car, drives three blocks, and the greater carrying charge they will credit history. In California these has the transmission fall out in the street. assess. agencies have attained a frightening He feels he shouldn't have to pay for this, 3. Follow a percentage formula in technical sophistication, blanketing the and he doesn't. But the transmission shop your credit buying. This formula applies state with an intricate information- can—and often does—retaliate by turn- to anyone in any income bracket. If you gathering network. Giants like Bank of ing in a "derog" on him to the credit follow it, you never will be overextended America have ceased keeping their own agencies. How can he protect himself? due to credit buying. Like the formula credit files in favor of outside independ- If you apply for credit and are turned for the dollar cost of credit, it is very ent computerized operations. down, ask why. If you were rejected be- simple. Forty percent of your gross Even a few years ago the poor credit cause of what you consider an unjust yearly income should be the cutoff point risk could, like the larcenous colonel credit report, demand the name of the for installment payments. This 40% in- and his nine Cadillacs, merely "forget" reporting credit agency. If their records cludes house payments (or rent); car to list a poor credit history. This no are in error they will correct the mistake, payments; furniture or appliance pay- longer is possible in California, and and they can furnish the source of the ments; credit card payments; charge ac- in a few years the computers will make it adverse information. You then can move count payments (including revolving impossible anywhere in America. against the unjust retailer directly. charge acounts). The other 60% of your The data is submitted on IBM punch It should now be apparent that the gross income must cover your state and cards, and gives a capsule credit history American consumer's prime financial federal taxes; your insurance; food; of the consumer: his name and that of consideration today must be the protec- utilities: transportation (including bus his spouse; his current and previous re- tion of his credit rating. The following and taxi fares); savings; incidental ex- sidence addresses (including cities and tips will not solve anyone's current penses and medical bills. This last item states); his employer or occupation; his financial woes, but they will furnish an can be substantial if you have children. social security excellent standard against which to mea- number or military ser- One hundred percent of those Ameri- vice number. Each time he opens a new sure your future program of installment can consumers who today are in trouble account or has a buying: loan rejected, the in- because of installment buying have formation goes into the agencies' central 1 . Create lasting credit habits. Do not gotten into trouble because they spent files, along with such information as buy on impulse. Do not carry a fistful of more than 40% of their gross income whether the consumer was rejected be- credit cards will when one meet your on charge acounts. If you are one of cause of derogatory credit reports; needs. Do not open charge accounts at that unfortunate group, cut back on your

credit spending now so it conforms with this simple formula. If you are not in Painkiller. debt, and enjoy a good credit rating, The count your blessings. And your charge For hemorrhoids that accounts. Your good credit is one of the hurt greatest assets you possess as an Ameri- can citizen in a free society. If you pro-

You have probably heard of Nupercainal® tect your credit rating at all times, it Suppositories and Ointment by now. Nuper- will stand by you in time of real need. cainal is the most effective and longest THE END lasting painkiller of the leading products available without prescrip- tion. It is over eight times stronger CHANGE OF ADDRESS than the most commonly used topical Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box anesthetic preparation. Doctors have 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206, using been recommending Nupercainal for Post Office Form 3578. Attach old over 33 years for hemorrhoids that hurt. address label and give old and new addresses with zip code and current Over 8 times more pain-killing power than the most commonly used topical anesthetic. membership card number. Also be sure to notify your Post Adjutant.

48 THE AMERCAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 Miller auto manufacturing company and THE ART OF SPYING, by Enrico Alta- participated in the 1906 X'anderbilt Cup villa. PRENTICE-HALL, INC., ENGLEWOOD Race on Long Island, N.Y. Then came a CLIFFS, N.J., .|4.95. position with Firestone, where he worked Spying, states the author, is "a different in the engineering department, and demon- kind of war, the one of espionage and coun- strated and helped sell the company's cars. terespionage enlists some of the most in- Car racing was the next step and by 1913 telligent men in the world for a continuing he was in auto racing professionally. Ricken- contest of cunning and betrayal, of decep- backer 'describes those years as "... a golden tion and attempts at scductio.i and cor- period of my life. Racing was fun, its re- ruption." wards were great in both recognition and It is also one of the least known profes- money and we all felt that we were making sions and Oiie about which there are many a contribution to the automotive industry." misconceptions. It is these unknown facts In May 1917 he was on his way to France about spying and spies that tiie autiior has with the American Expeditionary Force as sought to explain in this intriguing look at a sergeant in the U.S. Army. As a well-known espionage. racing driver, Rickenbacker soon was re- If we base our opinion of espionage on cruited to be military driver for William the movie exploits of "007" it seems like a "Billy" Mitchell, America's outspoken air mixture of danger, adventure, astounding pioneer. Eddie persuaded Mitchell to let gadgets and beautiful women, with success

him take pilot's training, which prepared I lie ultimate outcome. In reality, while the the way for the famous Rickenbacker role danger a:;d gadgets can be very real, spying in WWI aviation— 134 aerial encounters is often tediously monotonous work, women with enemy planes. foreign agents are rarely sultry beauties, and

RICKENBACKER, by Captain Eddie After the war he founded tiie successful the outcome is olte.i tragic, sometimes fatal. Rickenbacker. prentice-hall, inc., en- Rickenbacker Motor Companv. Wiien busi- Also, while the adventures of agent "007" GLEWOOD CLIFFS, N.J., $7.95. ness reverses forced Eddie to start over again are authentic, the character of agciit James The colorful, dynamic and highly opinion- he chose a new career—owner of the Indian- Bond is completely unreal. The best agents, ated flying ace of WWI tells about his life apolis Speedway. Tlien came his long love far from being handsome heartbreakers, in this autobiography, beginning with the aflair with commercial aviation, a period are usually nondescript in appearance. In- early years in East Columbus, Ohio, when that was to span the plane's growtli from a stead of frequenting the best hotels and his father's death and economic necessity near novelty to its position today as a billion restaurants, they stay at boardi:ig houses made it imperative for him to quit school dollar industry. and eat in mediocre restaurants or worse. and go to work at age 13. sorts Most of their contacts are in All of jobs Captain Rickenbacker is known lor his made public filled those first working years, for even many years of association with Eastern Air areas designed to arouse little susisicion. An though money was old proverb, quoted desperately scarce, the Lines, and his later life story is largely inter- by the author, states: future Ace of Aces never lacked the courage twined with Eastern's story and with the "Spies live to know, not to be known." to quit Since the successful one job for a better one. development, improvement, growth and fu- spy who remains alive By 1905 he was working for the Prayer ture of American aviation. receives little public recognition and limited monetary rewards, what motivates a perso.i to become a spy? The reasons seem to be: fear, money, political conviction, hatred lor society, love, a desire for power. A nasty, dangerous business? Yes. But a The UN- fascinating one. Or, as Allen Dulles, head of our CIA, put it, "Ours is a job that gets Communism's in your biood." gsh The Cattleman's Steak Book, by Carol Truax and S. Omar Barker, grosset & DUNLAP PUB., NEW YORK, N.Y., $3.95. Secret Weapon ? A mouth-watering collection of recipes for all cuts of beef, compiled with entertain- ing bits of cowboy lore and poetry out of VICTORY DENIED, by Major Arch E. Major Roberts was the author of the the "Old West." Roberts, chas. hallberg & co., Chicago, famous and controversial Pro-Blue Troop ILL., paperback, Information 75^. program that resulted in the Dictionary of Word and Phrase Origins, Major Roberts has written biting a de- highly-charged case of Maj. Gen. Edwin A. Vol. II, by William and Mary Morris. nunciation of U.S. no-win policies in Korea Walker. feels that the He Walker case was HARPER ROW, PUB., NEW YORK, N.Y., and presently, he believes, in Vietnam. He pivotal for major political issues of this $7.50. lays the blame for these policies on the UN decade, and that the intent of those wishing This digest of the stories behind some and upon anti-anti-Communists who have to oust General Walker went deeper than 2,500 everyday words and phrases is a refer- infiltrated our government and the have suc- removal of one man; that in fact those ence work that you might choose to keep ceeded in tying the hands of America's ag- who led the attack on Walker were actually by your bedside for entertaining nighttime gressive military leaders. seeking to end all strong pro-American and reading. Beginning with what he feels is one of anti-Communist troop information pro- the major dangers of the present makeup of grams. He believes they largely achieved Books that are in print can usually be the UN—the repeated awarding of the UN their goal. purchased at local bookstores, or ordered military post of Under secretary for Politi- Major Roberts' book is not cheerful read- through them if not in stock. Readers u'lw cal and Security Affairs to a Communist, ing, but for those who are concerned about may wisli to order books directly from j>ub- lishers can obtain publishers addresses generally a Soviet Communist—he goes on the apparently growing influence of Com- from their bookstores. We regret that we do not to outline an extensive propaganda program munist thought in the United States today, have a reader seniice staff, and can only that is being waged by the Communist it may help spark greater anti-Communist return to the senders requests to purchase world via the public platform of the UN. action. books that are sent to this magazine, editors

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 4g A RECORD OF FLAG DESECRATION the security of the nation when the flag (Continued from page 9) is burned publicly and the burners are not punished," Musmanno declared. aroused in Indiana, the local prosecutor flag stands for were created by the ex- "What does that lead to? After the burn- tried to bring misdemeanor charges perience of a great people. Everything it ing of the flag, then they parade the Viet against the offender, but Stewart had stands for was written by their lives. The Cong flag. What does that lead to? returned to Chicago by this time and flag is the embodiment, not of sentiment Then they carry this effect: Indiana authorities were told they could but of history. It expresses the experi- signs to 'Lee Har- not extradite him because of the "minor ences made by men and women, the ex- vey Oswald, where are you now, we nature" of the charge. periences of those who die and live under need you.' A few months later, Richard Calisch, that flag." "That is an invitation to assassination, 36-year-old teacher of literature in a Flag desecration in the art gallery, on nothing else. Each evil step leads to the suburban Chicago high school, placed the stage and from the lecture plat- next evil step, each one becoming more a handkerchief and an American flag on form has aroused general revulsion, grave, until finally you have the serious the floor in front of his class and pro- but what goaded the Washington law- situation of the security of this nation ceeded to step on both. Called upon to makers into belated action was the being in danger." explain his bizarre action, Calisch highly publicized burnings and other Musmanno was not alone in this view. claimed that he had wanted to show acts of defilement at rallies aimed mainly Flag burning and other acts of protest pupils that stepping on the flag offended against the war in Vietnam. prompted Gen. William Westmoreland, their sensibilities whereas the handker- Such actions—as a parade of legis- commander in Chief of U.S. forces in chief was only a piece of cloth which lators testified at the Judiciary subcom- Vietnam, to warn recently that such out- stirred no emotions. mittee #4 hearings—attract worldwide bursts strengthen the will of the enemy Prof. Scott Chisholm, Canadian born lecturer at Indiana State University, carried desecration a step further last April by burning a flag in front of his class. Chisholm later told university authorities that there was not "anything unpatriotic" in his action. He said he had found the flag lying on his desk and ac- cepted this as a dare to burn it. Chisholm's explanation apparently satisfied a special faculty investigating committee which recommended that he be let off with a rebuke. But by this time, the Board of Trustees had stepped in and the professor found himself out of a job. The law's attitude toward the Chis- holm case might be described as passive. Citing the incident before Judiciary sub- committee #4, Congressman Richard L. ". Roudebush of Indiana said: . . despite the revulsion in our state to this act (of flag burning), the local jurisdiction has not at this date sought prosecution, and the local county prosecutor commented " 'it's not worth it.' 'Another nice feature, he can use it to clean up his room.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE RESPECT FOR the flag is becoming in- creasingly unfashionable in aca- attention. They are watched closely by and that this means the loss of more demic circles, according to Edmund G. leaders of such nations as the Soviet American lives. Lyons, of New Jersey, who testified be- Union which, incidentally, recently "When a field commander does not fore the House subcommittee in his then passed a law of its own that makes the have to look over his shoulder to see role as vice chairman of the National burning of the Russian flag an offense whether he is being supported." West- Americanism Commission of the Legion. punishable by two years imprisonment. moreland said, "he can concentrate on "We have had a rash of high school State Supreme Court Justice Michael the battlefield with much greater assur- teachers and college professors who A. Musmanno, of Pennsylvania, noted ance of success." claimed that desecration and mutilation at the subcommittee #4 hearing how Realizing the potential danger of such of the flag by them was not really dese- such conduct must be viewed by the com- demonstrations, state authorities have cration at all," said Lyons. "That it was munist chiefs of North Vietnam. tried to use their local laws to discourage done to prove points in logic and seman- "When the enemy sees pictures of the offenses against the flag. tics, that the flag is only a symbol and a very symbol of the United States being Indeed, the Ohio legislature has just piece of cloth and should not be mis- torn to shreds, ripped to tatters, dragged passed a new one, and Governor Rhodes taken for the country itself or any of in the mud, spat upon and reduced to has signed it. It calls for a fine of up to its power. It was even suggested that ashes, and no one is being punished for $ 1 ,000 or jail for from 30 days to a year, reverence of our flag, the symbol of our such desecration, how can he believe for persons convicted of defiling the heritage, would relegate us to the level other than that our resolve is weak?" flags of the United States or the State of voodooism." Musmanno declared that such desecra- of Ohio. Such a view is a far cry from the tion could even constitute a danger to In March 1966, demonstrators organ- statement of Woodrow Wilson who said our national security. ized by the Student Nonviolent Coor- half a century ago that: "The things the "I think it is absolutely a challenge to dinating Committee (SNCC), which has

50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • N OVEMBER 1967 spawned such leaders as Stokely Car- These defendants, he said, were michael and H. Rap Brown, ripped down marching up Madison Avenue bearing a and defiled an American flag in front of facsimile of the American flag with the county courthouse in Cordele, Ga. swastikas and question marks replacing LOANS Two demonstrators were convicted and the stars. Hailed into court, they were each sentenced to one year in a public fined $10 each. BY MAIL works camp. A high New York official acknowl- The only prosecution of flag burning edged that the Central Park flag burn- in our courts, according to ing took place in view of hundreds of to stand up f$50-$100-$150-$200-$300-$400-$500-$600l District Attorney's office, FBI agents and plainclothesmen, but he the Brooklyn Fast, confidential loan service since 1925. Borrow | in 1966, when Sidney claimed that none was close enough to the money you need from "MUTUAL OF DULUTH' occurred June I on your own signature, from the privacy of your Street, 47-year-old Negro, burned the stop the desecrators. Then he made this | home. The loan is just between you and us. We colors on a Brooklyn street corner after interesting disclosure. are licensed under the Minnesota Small Loan Act. shouting "we don't need no damn flag." "It is doubtful whether any action FOR FREE APPLICATION AND FULL DETAILS Apprehended, Street told police he had would have been taken anyway. It was MAIL THIS COUPON NOW acted after hearing on the radio that a prearranged decision not to provoke MUTUAL LOAN PLAN, Dept. B67 James Meredith, noted civil rights any disorder unless there was out-and- |410 W. Superior St., Duluth. Minn. 55802 leader, had been shot and wounded dur- out violence." Name I ing a march through Mississippi. It was not until public wrath had |Address_ "If they did that to Meredith, we reached fever pitch that New York au- don't need the American flag," Street thorities ordered a full-scale investiga- '^y _State- -Zip_ declared. tion and announced that they were try- The civil rights angle placed the case ing to identify the flag burners from LEARN on delicate ground, but Harry Brodbar, photographs of the incident. MEAT CUTTING Brooklyn Ass't District Att'y, said that The increasing use of flag burnings to Tiuiii quickly in 8 short \^Geks at TolGdo for a bright future with security in vital Street had committed an act of incite- dramatize protest rallies has roused sus- meat business. Bipr pay. full-time jobs— HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OF public YOUR OWN! Time payment plan avail- ment which posed danger to the picion that these are not acts of young able. Diploma given. Job help. Thou- sands of successful graduates. OUR 4.5lh peace, regardless of the provocation or people making a spectacle of themselves YEAR! Send now for big new illusti-ated I KEK f^ialog. No obligation. G.I. Approved. overwrought condition. to attract attention. NATIONAL SCHOOL OF IVIEAT CUTTING the defendant's Dopl. A-'.K). Toledo. Ohio 43G04 The court declared Street guilty, but "The hard-core people in these cases took into account the "distressing news" are skilled semiprofessional agitators he had heard about Meredith and sus- who seek not attention but general chaos imposition of sentence. The pended any and the destruction of the American NEW Concept ... Go FLEX-O-MATIC to better ACLU fought the decision, but the system," Alabama Congressman Jack your sport with most coml'ortable and versatile toughest weather-resistant rubber gunsling. Fits guilty verdict was upheld by the New Edwards testified at the subcommittee any firearm in a jiffy. Features ammo and rod racli built-in. No metal parts. Wide main body York Court of Appeals, the state's #4 hearing. for comfort. Flex-on self rubber friction locks. It's patented . . . it's sold on a money back highest tribunal. This view was shared by former guarantee. Give height and weight. .$2.95 ppd. Heavy duty guns over 7 lb. $2.75 ppd. Ultra flag desecration demonstra- In most American Legion Commander John E. guns under 7 lb. (not illustrated). Flex-on large calibre Ammo-rack fits belt tions, the offenders have managed some- Davis said, not any $.95 ppd. Flex- who "While we do ques- on 22 calibre Ammo-rack holds 50 rounds how to vanish from the scene before the tion the right of dissent, we have serious (22's). Never had it so nice. Fits any belt or button. FREE illustrated folders—on accessories law moved in. In a suburb of San Fran- reservations regarding the motivating . . . ideal gifts. cisco in August 1966, a young woman forces, the financing and the master- FLEX.O-MATiC CO.. INC. Accessories to Better Sports anti-war demonstrator trampled and minding of the rash of anti-Vietnam BRUCE CROSSING. MICHIGAN 49912 spat upon a bandana fashioned from a demonstrations to which this country has ripped American flag. Two Marines sta- been subjected." for pipe smokers tioned at a nearby dock had time to run But the Civil Liberties Union and a over and grab the flag away from her, number of educators remain an active FREE after tossing her two male companions force in opposing legal action against into a ditch. Later it was announced, cases of flag desecration. Write for generous sample IWAN RIES & CO. however, that no arrests had been made succeeded early this The ACLU year Dept. 67C, 133 S.Wabasti but that authorities were looking for in squashing desecration charges against Chicago, III. 60603 the woman. a student named Kent at the University of Hawaii, who spoke before a rally of THE FAMED flag burning in Central nearly 500 persons against U.S. policy WANNA LAFF? Park last April had a similar after- in Vietnam and other foreign trouble Get a copy of "From Blue Serge to Khaki and Back Again." Funny math. experiences of a doughboy When the Empire State Society of spots. To bolster his argument, Kent in camp, billet and front line. Sons of the American Revolution tried to had put up a poster on the rostrum de- 76 cor^oons fay Arch Davis Send to Robert Bookshop find out what happened to the flag picting the American flag with stars re- $2 Keene Southampton, L.I., N.Y. 11968 burners, it was told by a clerk at the New placed by dollar signs. The poster York Criminal Court that "in the ab- caused considerable indignation among sence of the name of a defendant, it is members of the audience, and one young BURIAL most difficult to locate a case solely on man finally strode up to the platform and the basis of an incident that gave rise tore it down. to it." In the ensuing argument, INSURANCE the young Leave your loved ones a cash estate-- The clerk didn't brush off the query, man asked Kent whether the poster was not a pile of bills however. He did some investigating of supposed to represent the American flag. $1,000 Policy to age 80. No salesman his own and managed to turn up "one Kent retorted, "that is what it has be- will call on you. Money Back Guarantee case of two defendants concerning the come" and proceeded to charge that Pres- For FllEE details write American flag that occurred the same ident Johnson had disgraced the colors Crown Life of Illinois, 203 N. Wabash day as the park rally." {Continued on page 52) Avenue, Chicago,Ill. 60601, Dept. 729 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 51 .

in March 1964 A RECORD OF FLAG DESECRATION Such a case occurred (Continued from page 51) when a department store in a New York suburb attempted to drum up interest in Cuba and the Dominican Not long ago, an exasperated New in Vietnam, a new line of boys' jackets by lining the York Police Commissioner labeled the Republic. pockets with small American flags, or to court where the ACLU "essentially negative" and re- The case went close replicas thereof. A mother who charged that Kent did by minded its directors that good police prosecution bought one for her 10-year-old son actions "defile, defy and cast con- agencies are "the strongest bulwark of his noticed the lining and got in touch with the flag. civil liberties that we have in this coun- tempt upon" her local Congressman. The latter inves- battery of four lawyers retained try." The tigated and asked the store manager for on Kent's behalf argued of by the ACLU Benjamin Epstein, national director an explanation. The flag-lined jackets first place the flag desecration that in the the Anti-Defamation League of B"nai were removed from the racks that same state of Hawaii (and pre- statute of the B'rith. the Jewish service organization, day. every other state) was "an sumably of said recently. "I part company with the In March 1965. the late New York abridgement of the unconstitutional Union [ACLU] when it goes to the de- Herald Tribune featured in its Sunday First Amendment right of expression.'" fense of those who I feel are out to de- Magazine a frothy, commercialized story The ACLU further argued that Kent's stroy our democracy." about how post teen-age career girls actions could only be construed as "an were going in for little girls' clothing. utterance of political opinion on an im- NUMBER OF flag dcsccration cases The article, for no apparent reason, was policy." A a photograph showing a portant issue of foreign have shown no apparent malice. accompanied by The court waved aside the ACLU's Some have stemmed from simple though shapely assistant art director of an ad bid to outlaw the flag statute, but it did surprising ignorance of the respect due agency perched nonchalantly on a bed- rule that the flag placard was a symbolic the flag—such as disposing of old flags in spread which was in the design of the portrayal of dissent and not an act of garbage pails. Others have seemed a American flag. desecration. combination of ignorance and desire to The feature prompted the Editor of American Legion Magazine to re- The constant readiness of the ACLU commercialize the flag—sometimes to The the Herald Tribune publicly that to defend flag desecrations and similar popularize a new product and provide a mind this bit of editorial commercialism vio- cases has drawn fire from the authori- new advertising gimmick or feature lated virtually every clause of Public ties, as well as veterans groups and even story angle. In such cases, the offenders Law 829. 77th Congress, commonly some liberal organizations. have usually tried to make amends. known as the U.S. Flag Code. The Herald Tribune published an apology at once for running the offend-

ing photograph, asserting that it had NOW! "HEAT-MASSAGE" AWAY meant no disrespect for the colors and expressing regret for "the lapse in taste." YOUR MINOR ACHES AND PAINS OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH

that year, a New IN August of same Arthritis'Rheumatism*Bursitis York women's garment manufacturer hit the market with a new line called •SIMPLE BACKACHE Pop Pants, featuring a gaudy panty girdle titled "Stars 'n Stripes." The gar- •TIRED FEET^ SINUS • ment had eight blue stars on a white background and red and white vertical • NEURALGIA LUMBAGO stripes. The girdle was brought to the atten- RELIEF IN MINUTES! Yes, begin to feel soothing tion of Mrs. W. Carl Crittenden, na- WHY PAY $9.95?^ relief in MINUTES with this amazing 2-in-l heat tional chairman of the Flag of the U.S.A. massager! Combines penetrating infra-red deep heat ^ ONLY with gentle relaxing massage to relieve minor aches Committee of the D.A.R. She responded and pains in and ... BACK HEAD CHEST .. with a blistering note to the manufac- $@95 NECK and SHOULDERS ... ARMS. LEGS and THIGHS. Ordinary "heat-only", or "massage-only" turer labeling the girdle a "shocking car- devices cannot possibly equal the fast comforting icature of the national flag." relief from our DEEP HEAT MASSAGER. The company, which had distributed 30 day trial — Money Back Guarantee Without risking a penny, discover how the DEEP about 3,000 of the girdles to stores across HEAT MASSAGER helps ease tension after a hard the nation, held a hurried board of di- day . . . how it helps you sleep, helps take the kinks rectors rush out of cramped muscles. ..how it helps make you feel conference and decided to good all over. You must be thrilled with your 30 out an order recalling the offending gar- day trial or YOUR MONEY BACK. Order direct ments. from world-famous HUDSON Vitamin Products, 89 Seventh Ave., N.Y., N.Y. 10011. "We will burn the damn things or send SEND JUST $1 WITH COUPON BELOW them to a foreign country where our flag HUDSON VITAMIN PRODUCTS, Dept. F242 isn't involved." said a company spokes- 89 Seventh Ave., N.Y., N.Y. 10011 man. "Maybe we can give them away as Send me your deluxe DEEP HEAT MASSAGER. It I do not get the relief I expect, I will return It within 30 charity gifts to people in other parts of days for a $6.95* refund. I enclose $1.00. I'll pay balance plus tSi COD the world." charge and shipping upon delivery. I want to save COD and shipping costs. I enclose Touching on such violations before check or money order for $6.95*as payment In full. Same money-back guarantee. subcommittee #4. Congressman Hal- Print Name_ pern cited other instances of even worse Address taste such as using replicas of the flag as shoe shining cloths. LClt.v State ZlDCode I •All N. Y. resident s add appropriate sales tax. HVH-1 _J "Yes," he said, "and I have even seen

52 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 for myself, during a recent visit to Wasln- forbade the marring of a picture of the ington Square in New Yoric, our national flag with a cancellation stamp. NO NEED TO WEAR standard being used mockingly as hand- Tower has sought action on recent kerchiefs, where the defilers were blow- advertisements using a flag motif, such ing their noses in our flag." as the automobile company which fea- A TRUSS There have been other cases of flag tured a hand gloved in the Stars and violation that apparently stemmed from Stripes, or the billing for the Broadway ignorance or a disregard for American play The Star Spangled Girl showing an FOR RUPTURE sensibilities. In 1963. U.S. authorities of actress peeking out of a can decorated That Binds, Cuts, Gouges, the Port of New York impounded 202 with the Stars and Stripes. Slips and Does Not Hold If you must wear a Truss for Rupture, don't bales of rags aboard a freighter of the Tower agrees, however, that deliber- miss this. A Post Card, with name and address, Polish Ocean Lines after five venerable ate acts of desecration such as the pro- will get you FREE, and without obligation, the complete, modernized Rice Plan of Reducible American flags were found stuffed in test burnings pose the main problem. Rupture Control. Now in daily use by thou- with the rags. One of the standards was "Tm not a fanatic about it." he said sands who say tliey never dreamed possible such secure, dependable and comfortable rup- spotted by a longshoreman on a Brook- recently, "but are we in this country ture protection. Safely blocks rupture opening, lyn pier where the shipment was being going to have Americans desecrate the prevents escape, without need for bulky, cum- loaded. The cargo was impounded under flag openly? We've already stopped the bersome Trusses, tormenting springs or harsh, gouging pad pressure. Regardless of how long a U.S. regulation requires licenses in which prayers the schools, stopped the ruptured, size, occupation, or trusses you have to export flags. Authorities were pre- Pledge Of Allegiance, stopped opening worn. TRY THIS, and send your Post Card today to W. S. Rice, Inc., Adams, N.Y. Dept. 81VI. pared to back this up if necessary with a the schools with patriotic observances each morning. "If you want to protest the war in Make Rubber Stamps for BIG PAY

Vietnam, okay, protest. But don't take Need more money? Earn $60-$75 aweek, spare time, at home mak- the flag. For heaven's sake, let's keep i ng rubber stamps for offices, fac- tories, individuals. Hundreds of something!" uses. Hundreds of prospects— ev- erywhere. Right in your own com- munity. Turn out special stamps for names, addresses, notices, prices, etc., American Legion National Con- in minutes with table-top machine. We THE famish everythinK and help finance you, at less than bank rates. Write for free facts. vention meeting in Boston last Au- No salesman will call. Rubber Stamp Div., 1512 Jarvis, Dept. Chicago gust took note not only of the willful acts R-8-IV1T, 60626 of flag desecration, but of the increasing number of flag desecrations presumably MONEY TROUBLES? arising out of some ignorance. NOBODY REFUSED UP TO $20,000.00

If the now-defunct Herald Tribune BAD CREDIT IS NO PROBLEM NOT A LOAN CO. could illustrate an article with a photo STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL — A PLAN FOR EVERYONE violating the bulk of the flag code, and WE CAN HELP YOU - TODAY then be sorry for its "lapse of taste"; if. SEND NAME AND ADDRESS FOR FREE APPLICATION as sometimes happens, ordinary house- ATLANTIC ASSOCIATES, Dept. T-8 • 3312 N. CENTRAL AVE., PHOENIX, ARIZONA holders throw old flags in garbage cans; • • OR 146 WESTMINSTER ST, PROVIDENCE, R.I. • if flags are for if used baling or waste; WE WILL RUSH YOU OUR FREE APPLICATION - TODAY art exhibits supported by public funds accept displays that desecrate the flag and violate both state and national laws; \re you miserable with pain and aches if manufacturers make articles using the of leg ulcers, swelling, itch, j rash due to deep venous congestion or leg swelling of in- "I did try sharing his interests, I flag as a motif and then discover they're bulged veins or but I I juries? , Find, out about proven VISCOSE that couldn't stand the hangovers!" if oftensive, and federal officials them- I works as you walk. Easy to use. Money-back [guaranteed trial. Send for FREE today. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE selves sometimes violate the Flag Code, BOOK L. E. VISCOSE the suspicion arises that the schools at COMPANY 1 100 W. Chicago Ave.. Chicago, til. 60610 federal law decreeing that old flags must all levels are not teaching flag etiquette be disposed of in a dignified manner or the meaning of the flag as they once either by burial or fire, as the U.S. Flag did. Where the public shows ignorance, BASEMENT TOILET Code requires. those charged with public education are FLUSHES UP TO H OVERHEAD Another sharp-eyed longshoreman as- unavoidably answerable. Adults who sured a proper disposal for an American SEWER OR SElhriC TANK. graduate from schools without an aware- I flag later that same year. He discovered ness of the U.S. Code have been under- NO DIGGING UP FLOoijs. Write that the colors were being used as part educated if not miseducated. McPHERSON, INC. Bok15133 TAMPA, FLA. of the baling for four secondhand re- The Legion, in Resolution 251 of its frigerators destined for the Middle East 1967 convention, called on the schools aboard a Dutch freighter. Again authori- from kindergarten to college to put an ties of the Port of New York stepped in end at least to ignorance, if not disre- and ordered the cargo impounded until spect, of the flag and the Flag Code, and the flag Automatic was removed. it volunteered the services of the Legion Cards, Marker Cards, Electric Blowers, Flashboards, ]Oij mo fm Even the U.S. Government has erred to any schools calling on it for assistance, Throwawoy Sheets or Tickets, Cages, 'ONE SOUR CE I in observing flag etiquette. Lawrence if need be. Balls, Etc. for any size Bingo Party. Tower of the Flag Foundation noted this With a new federal law looming to FREE BULLETINS give you HUNDREDS of IDEAS (over several years ago when the Post Office put teeth in former laws that were tooth- 400,000 printed words) to help Department announced the issue of a less, it will be up to enforcement officials you build successful BINGO PAR- TIES. WRITE TODAY FOR FREE new five-cent stamp bearing the fon imprint and courts to mete out punishment where INFORMATION... please include of the flag. Tower recalled that a federal flag desecration is willful. What they will name and address of your Organ- ization. law passed in 1942 forbade not only the do, once they have better legal tools, is The "BINGO KING" CO., Inc. printing of U.S. flags on stamps also but yet to be seen. the end DEPT 392 BOX 1178, ENGLEWOOD, COLO. 80110 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 53 .

Step in.

Steam 20 luxurious minutes.

Step out relaxed, THE fresh — Cardigan, Turtleneck, LEGION "JBt Pullover Sweaters; feeling AMERICAN v^H^ McGregor Jackets, like new! \SSm^ Arrow Perma-Press JKKfT Sport, Dress Shirts all cut 4" longer, giy YOU'LL REVEL IN NUSAUNA STEAM 38". Br Sleeves to ALSO relaxes BATHS at home! Heal you, soothes SHOPPER ^ Slacks with high rise. nerves, stimulates circulation and elimina- PLUS 80 Shoe Styles tion. A joy to own. Superb quality. All Sizes 10-16 AAA to EEE smooth, durable fibre-glass. Easy to move. 100% Money Back Guarantee Plugs in wall outlet— no plumbing! BY WRITTEN GUARANTEE. Write for FREE Folder! Write for FREE 80 PAGE COLOR CATALOG EQUIPMENT COMPANY KING-SIZE, INC. M27 Forest St.. Brockton. Mass. 4 Doty BIdg., Battle Creek, Mich. 49016

HEAVY DUTY-ARC WELDER $ .95 5 YEAR GUARANTEE ONLY 18 1967 Arc Weltler. works on 110 volt house line. No experience necessary. Braze< .colder, cut or weld any metal ud to '4" thick. Generates up to 10,000 degrees of heat. Notliins el«e to buy, complete with 12 ft. heiivy duty power cable. 1/16" and

' " s welding and brazing rods, helmet and instructions:. Order on 10 day money back trial. Five year repair or replacement guarantee. Send $3.00 pay S15.95 plus C.O.D. and po-stage when delivere^i, or send S18.05 and wo pay postage. Over 500,000 now in use. Direct from factory. AMERICAN WELDERS, Inc. Do Not confuse this newlmproved welder with other units selling for Dept. L, Osage Beach, Mo. 65065 less. This is an American made, heavy duty, deluxe model. GIFT? LOOKING FOR A Such SAFE Comfort for FUR MAGIC. Let expert furriers transform your old-fashioned fur coat. Any of 45 The American Legion Shopper Reducible Inguinal jacket/stole/cape styles; new lining, inter- offers a wide selection of reason- lining, monogram, cleaning, glazing, all ably priced merchandise that RUPTURE! only $27.95. Furs insured at no cost to Rupture-Gard makes customer while in Morton's possession. make excellent Christmas, birth- you more comfortable Written guarantee. Free style book. Mor- two ways — In body, ton's, Dept. K-9. Washington, D.C. 20004. day, anniversary and graduation because no pressure grips you— in mind, be gifts. Go ahead and order. cause rupture feels so safely supported! Bup- ture-Gard Is suspended from the waist. Double pad of firm molded foam rubber holds rupture like a pair of liands —moves with body, no matter how sharply you liiove. Wastiable; adju^itable as trouser-belt. BiMK 30-day trial; nioney-bacis guarantee. Order today —Sii.ys plus 2d( postage—just give waist measure. BfltFTS THE KINLEN CO., Dept. AL-117W 809 Wyandotte, Kansas City, Mo.

These well made mliitory berets are now available to- you for only 5.50 pp. Made of 100% wool, with a Vj inch soft block leather rim, ond lined. Designed for rugged outdoor conditions. Now worn by some US COM- FOR A JOYFUL CHRISTMAS. BAT PERSONNEL IN VIETNAM who have commented J. very favorably on its quality ond appearance. We be- IX SHOP AND MAGNIFIERS. Plano-convex lenses mag- lieve these berets ore the best type available for the nify fine print, make close work easier. price. Money-Back Guarantee It would make a wonderful ^MAIL EARLY Smoke-color frames; metal hinges. Help- gift. Sizes; 6Vi to 75/8. Colors: Block, Dark Green, ful for folks over 40 without eye disease or Maroon and Gray. Send check or Money Order.no CODs. astigmatism. Money-back guar, if returned within days. State age. sex. $3.98 Val-Spec Inc., Dept. R Box 54, Bronx, N.Y. 10454 ppd. 30 plus 250 pstge. Nel-King, Dept. AL-117G, 811 Wyandotte, Kansas City, Mo. 64105. 500EE LABELS 500 SEPTIC TANK TROUBLE? NORTHEL Reactivator USE YOUR wrirks to keep septic tank "ZIP" CODE and cesspool clean. A RICH GOLD TRIM Ijacteria concentrate FREE PLASTIC BOX breaks up solids and Quick and handy way to put your name and return urease—works to pre- address on letters, checks, books, records, etc. vent overflow, back-up, ANY name, address and Zip code up to 4 lines, odors. Regular use can beautifully printed in black on white gummed save costly pumping or 2" labels with rich gold trim. About long. Free digging. Simply mix dry powder in water, plastic box for purse TITANIA, man-made gems that rival the or desk. Set of 500 labels flush toilet, \on-poisonou5, non- down per carat, just 50(! postpaid. Shipped within 48 hrs. Money brilliance of diamonds, at $12 caustic. Money back guarantee of satis- in 14-carat gold solitaire setting, $29; back if not pleased. Don't know the Zip Code? Titania faction. Six months' supply, $3.35 ; full man's ring, $37. No federal tax. Add lOtf per set and will it we look up. Send for can to fit your own jewelry. vear's supplv only $6.00. postpaid. jewels be cut free catalog. chart, color cata- sj,,., o.^^e Building Write for free ring size NORTHEL DISTRIBUTORS. AL-11 log. Regent Lapidary Co., Dept. ALP-4, 511 Walter Drake coi orado Springs, Colo. 80901 P.O. Box 1103. Minneapolis. Minnesota, 55440 E. 12th St., New York, N.Y. 10009.

54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 7

LATEST

This section Is presented as a service to readers and adver- JFK tisers. All products are sold with a money-back guarantee. COIN SET When ordering, please allow a reasonable amount of time POSTPAID 2.35 for handling and shipping. Be GUARANTEED 10 sets 22.50 sure to include Zip Code num-

ber along with your address. iNO. COIN SETS COST 1967, 2.35, 10 for 22.50 SHIPPED WHEN RELEASED 1966, 2.35, 10 for 22.50 BY THE U. S. TREASURY 1965, 2.35, 10 for 22.50

No other U. S. Coin Sets In history have All 3 Sets (Brownlee's created such universal interest and "Green Book" FREE) 6.95 demand . . . sought after by collectors TOTAL everywhere. Important! Congress has voted that 1968 coins will again carry Namp D and S mint marks, so these are the .StrPPt ! last mint-mark-less coin sets! FREE! City 1 Brownlee's Green Book of Rare Coins

.Statp 7in 1 with the purchase of 3 JFK sets. . . 1965 '66 and '67. An $8.05 value for $6.95. Check M.O.

j

FEDERAL COIN CORPORATION, 1501 H St. N.W., (Dept. AF). Washington, D. C. 20005 NEED TABLES? SAVE MONEY! FACTORY-DIRECT ELBOW BENDER. Pinwale corduroy with matching cotton suede elbow patches in 6a camel, olive. Button-down coat style; but- toned flap pockets; proportioned for tall/ big man in sizes M, L, XL, XXL. Sleeves 34-38. $8.95 ppd. Write for free 80-pg. MONROE color catalogue, King-SIze, Inc., 9027 Forest St., Brockton, Mass. 02402. MORE BRILLIANT than DIAMONDS says Reader's Di- CUSTOM TABLES gest, SatEvePost about this new, man-made ' 96' Model CC-308 (30 x ) jewel Titania! For settings of your choice only S12 per carat; a 1-ct man's box 14K ring is only NOW ONLY S37; m'lady's 1-ct fishtail a mere $29. No more federal tax. Write for FREE HANDY RING SIZE CHART & 120 PAGE FULL COLOR JEWELRY CATALOG, ten day MONEY back guarantee 30 Lapidary Company Dept. AL-70 when you order two or more. FOB. Collax. Ship. 511 E.4ST 12 STREET • NEW YORK 9, N. Y. Iowa.

Wl , carton o( 1 140 lbs. 10 TABLES — $300 (You Save $54,501) Uncircu ORDER TODAY! Hea«y-duty folding banquet table seats ten Stainproof plastic top Attractive tan 19th linen pattern 14 C gauge channel steel frame Foolproof gravity-type locks Silver Baked-on beige enamel fimsh on rretal, 60tli Anniversary Monroe Cataiog! MEDAL SHOWCASE. Walnut or maple E D C C ' ""^^ Filled witfi outstanding values frame; adjustable space bars, glass front, ONLY $2 for any color plush background. Engraving: churches, schools, clubs, lodges and other institutions. Find out how much time and money you can save when names, etc., 50 a letter; service insignias, NOW- get one of $2 each, 2 for $3. Sizes: 9"xl2" (1-7 America's most you order direct from Monroe, Mail coupon today' medals) $12.95; 12"xl6" (3-20) $15.95; -THE MONROE CO. 69 Church St. Colfax, Iowa 50054--, sought-after coins! Over 17"x20" (10-50) $20.95 ppd. Award Maker, Please mail your 60lh Anniversary Catalog to: years old. | Dept. A-9, Box 6474, Surfside, Fla. 33154. 70 Limited supply; only one to a customer. Only $2. Also illustrated coin cata- NAME _ log, plus selections of fine coins from our ap- proval service, returnable without obligation. Send $2, name & address to: Littleton coin CITY/STATE/ZIP CO., Dept.EM-15, Littleton, New Hamp. 03561 ON "NEW SOUND" ELECTRONIC

,« STANDARD AND BIG DISCOUNTS I ELECTRONIC j MODELS Importer-to-youi for students, Teachers Prices and Professionals and Case... lUlanyMorei RUSH COUPON Easy Terms • Free Color Catalogs • Discount Prices Low as $7.95 a Month I ^ ^Rush coupon for proof you save I Accordion Corp. of America, Dept. A-1 17 up to 50% ofT retail prices of com- I 5535 W. Belmont. Chicago, III. 60641 parable accordions! BUY DIRECT CORNS, CALLOUSES, WARTS disappear or (Send i^REE Catalog of Accordions, Am- — Low Importer - to - You prices. plifiers money back. First — Selection Guide, Color Chart, application of AIro Salve World 's largest accordion d ealer , All I Discount Prices. banishes pain and swelling, soon causes famous makes. 42 New Electronic these hard to remove growths to disap- ^Standard models. Amplifiers. Pop- pear. ular "Button type" accordions, too! Do not suffer another day; try AIro Lifetime PerformancePolicy. Money Salve without risking a cent. Send $1.30 Back Guarantee. Easy terms. Big today to AIro, Dept. AL-23, Box 3215 Trade -In. Color Catalogs, Selection Granda Hills, Calif. 91344. Guide and Discount Prices — FREE! I CITY STATE. Accordion Corp. of America, A-1 1 Dept. ( ) Chprk hfrc if yni, l,:,ve a Trad 5 Day Home Trial 5535 W. Belmont, Chicaso, III. 60641 J — — r

PERSISTENCE PAYS OFF Some tasks have to be put off several times PARTING SHOTS before they will slip your mind. Jack Gill

HIGH FINANCE Day is leased on good intention And subject to renewal So I'll do my tasks tomorrow With interest on accrual.

Conscience tabulates at sundown Just one more day, my craven plea! Oh, Time must chortle in his coffers At borrowers like me! G. B. Payne

GOAD ADVICE As a final incentive before giving up a

difficult task, try to imagine it successfully accomplished by someone you violently dis- like. K. Zenios

HAIR TODAY Those boys whose flowing locks give rise To loud parental moans and cries Cause less concern when it's recalled That they will someday, too, be bald Donna Evleth SORRY CASH Inflation is when money that talks apolo- gizes. Easter Hill

'This is my son, the protester." DOWN TO EARTH DECISION THE AMRRICAN LEGION MAGAZINE Though some may tell me that I ought To try to be an astronaut, PAST HIS PRIME I've thought it over well, and what The doctor gave his 70 year-old patient a very curious look. I think I'll be's an astronot. "I've been practicing for two decades," he said, "and I'm darned if I S. S. BiDDLE ever lieard of su( h a complaint. What do you mean your virility's too high?" The old man sighed. PEOPLE POOPERS Misfits: grate society "It's all up in my head," said he. The Cvikota F. G. Kernan Raymond J. "MODEL HOBBY" A real-estate salesman spent all day Sunday showing a couple through model homes. "And here," he wearily said at the tenth home he had shown, "is the hobby room. Do either of you folks have hobbies?" "Yes." replied the woman, "looking through model homes on Sundays."

Lucille J. Goodyear THE CORRUPTER Billy's father asked him why he didn't play with the boy next door,

explaining. "He's a good boy and I never heard him say any bad words." "No." Bilh agreed, "but you will tomorrow." "Why, tomorrow?"

"Because I just told him some." Edna Elsaser

SLIGHT FLAW IN HIS GLASSES An optometrist, meeting a man for whom he had prescribed new eyeglasses, inquired about the effects of the change. "The glasses are just fine," replied the patient, amiably. "They're framed in good taste—they fit well behind my ears—and for distance they're out of this world." "Not a single fl-w, eh?" remarked the optometrist. "Perhaps a little in the lenses," explained the patient. "Sometimes I "Mommy, do we have any apples? Tommy walk off the wrong end of ferry boats!" and I want to play Adam and Eve!" Dan Bennett THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1967 ;

Uniform Caps REGULAR UNIFORM (See current catalog for other types of material) Crease and stain resistant, year-round, Style 1 Name of State in full and 14-ounce nylon blend gabardine with Post number. >^ inch gold stripe. Must be dry cleaned. Unlined No. 71000 $4.50 Jacket. Eisenhower style with elastic Lined No. 71057 5.00 waist insert. Give height, chest and waist Style 2 Post number, city name in measurements. Chest sizes 36-46 in short, full, state abbreviated. regular, long, and stout (portly) from Unlined No. 71029 $5.90 stock. All other sizes add $6.00 and allow Lined No. 71085 6.25 5 weeks for delivery. No. 70201 $21.50

Bob-tall Tie. Clip-on, pre-tied satin Trousers. Zipper fly — unfinished bot- shorty ribbon with gold plated em- toms. Give your height and waist size. blem. Waist 29-46 from stock. All other sizes Blue (No. 70289) or add $6.00 with 5 weeks for delivery.* Gold (No. 70290) $1.50 No. 70102 $12.95 •Extra large size jackets and trousers cannot be shipped C.O.D. and are not returnable. Lariat Tie. Rope tie for sport wear. Uniform Shirts of pre-shrunk broadcloth Blue (No. 70296) or in long or short sleeves: Gold (No. 70295) $1.50

Snap Happy Billfold by Amity. Regulation Style Regulation Style Long Sleeves Short Sleeves Identifier with removable pass-card Quarter lengtli sleeves and 32 to 35. case. Two way bill divider/secret .;port collar in small, medium Neck half-sizes 14 to 18. pocket, spare key holders. large and extra large.

. White No. 70406 . $4.75 Smooth Cowhide in Black (No. 74460) White No. 70302 J4.95 Brown (No. 74461) or Olive (No. Blue No. 70156 . 4.95 Blue No. 70410 . 4.75 74470) $5.95 Sox. Black nylon 6 x 3 rib stretch sox— Harness Cowhide in Black (No. 74492): one size fits all feet. Brown (No. 74493) or Olive (No. No. 70470 . Each $0.55; two pairs for $1.00 74497) $6.95 Puma Kid in Black (No. 74495) or Uniform Belt and Buckle. Relief design Brown (No. 74496) $8.95 stamped into metal with attractive gold- highlighted finish. New hook attachment Parker "T" Ball Jotter. A full year for V/i inch belt. Black cowhide belt sold 30-50. of guaranteed writing. separately, for waist sizes Buckle only. No. 71955 $1.95 Black No. 74271 $1.98 Belt only. No. 71956 $2.50 Matching thin lead pencil No. 74272 $1.98

Money Clip by Swank. Handy knife and nail file combine to serve as a clip for bills. Yellow gold (No. 74703) or Silver (No. 74704) finish. Each $3.50

Member Ring Membership Buttons MIDGET Tie Bar CufF Link Set. Black Onyx, set in 10K Gold, 10K Gold No. 83711 . . $2.50 white, gold inlay on shanks. quality set Heavy by Anson. 14K Gold No. 83713 . . 3.50 (Ideal for two diamonds). Yellow gold with Mother of Pearl in- REGULATION No. 73900 $25.75 serts. No. 74639 $7.50 (See current catalog for diamonds) 10K Gold No. 83717 . . $3.50

14K Gold No. 83719 . . 5.00

ft-

i4?

Nylon Jacket SEE THE CURRENT EMBLEM SALES Orion-fleece lined in Navy for maximum warmth. Completely washable. Hood in hidden pocket. CATALOG FOR A COMPLETE SELECTION Small, medium, large and extra large. No. 70242 $15.50 OF AMERICAN LEGION GIFTS Bull Durham smokes slow.

So slow it's like getting five or six extra cigarettes in every pack. Try the Bull — and spend some time with flavor. Bull Durham says: smoke slow.'

So slow smoking, it's like getting five or six exiro cigarettes in every pock.