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Post-Soviet States: People, Power, and Assets Oral History Archive

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Post-Soviet States: People, Power, and Assets Oral History Archive Post-Soviet States: People, Power, and Assets Oral History Archive Interviewee: Christopher G. Senie Interviewer: Rebecca Adeline Johnston Date: December 12, 2019 Location: Berlin, MA Abstract Christopher G. Senie is an American attorney specializing in land use and land litigation. He has represented private, commercial, and residential clients on a broad range of planning, zoning, and other land use matters. Based in Brewster, MA, he is an alum of Hampshire College and the University of Bridgeport School of Law. In the early 1980s, he became active in citizen diplomacy efforts between Western countries and the Soviet Union. He worked for several years spearheading and negotiating the Rosinka real estate development outside of Moscow under the auspices of the 1987 Soviet law on joint ventures. In this interview, Mr. Senie discusses his experience in the Soviet Union and Russia working on citizen diplomacy, land use negotiations, and becoming subject to a hostile takeover. This transcript is lightly edited for clarity. Unedited remarks are available in the embedded audio recording and can be located with the aid of timestamps bracketed in the transcript text. Interviewer questions and remarks are presented in bold. Interview Transcript Why don’t we start with your background and how you became interested in working in Russia—the Soviet Union at the time. Well, I’m an attorney, and my father was an attorney and always wanted me to go to law school. I always told him that I wouldn’t. I was going to become a high school teacher. I studied education at Hampshire College, and I graduated in 1976. I was doing something like teaching— I was the director of youth programs for my town, Westport, Connecticut, after finishing college. I just loved working with kids, and I just knew, I knew, there was no way I was going to become a lawyer, and I was going to become a high school teacher. But I got a little bit bored, and one day, I drove by a sign that said University of Bridgeport School of Law. Bridgeport is not far from Westport. So I went inside, and I said, this sign wasn’t up here last week. I was actually in a Master’s program at University of Bridgeport in municipal planning, or something. I was searching for something in addition to the teaching I thought I would be doing, and I thought some further education would be good. So I saw this law school and I applied to it. I told my father, look, I’m just applying. I’m sure I’m not going to get in. Don’t get your hopes up. And then, I got in and I said, all right, I’m just trying it for a couple weeks. Don’t get your hopes up. I don’t want to be a lawyer. And I loved it, from about the first week on. Your first year of law school they teach you about legal writing and researching, and back then, there was no computerized researching. You had to go to the library and look cases up in a book. I enjoyed law school, and my last semester, I took a course called Soviet Law. It was taught by Al Schmidt [Albert J. Schmidt]. It was an elective course, and I enjoyed that course very much. It opened my eyes to a world I hadn’t been aware of, which is that, even though he was teaching about the Soviet Union, it is made up of many legal institutions, and even was at the time that it was the Soviet Union. There was a large body of administrative law and local agencies in communities, like a planning board and like a conservation commission. I had no idea that these things existed, even though it was under a communist system. So, he announced toward the end of the class that he would lead a trip to the Soviet Union that summer. I was the first person to sign up. By now, I had sort of caught this fascination that I think happens to a lot of people, and I wanted to fly to the Soviet Union and see, what are these people like? What is the system like? Why is it that I grew up believing that the Soviets were our enemy? It was a two-week trip, and I got inside Soviet courtrooms and met judges and listened to cases unfold in front of judges, met people, was invited into people’s apartments and homes, and we were hosted by many wonderful groups. I sensed that there was something a little artificial about some of our meetings, like it had been contrived to be grand, but I really loved the Soviet people. On the plane on the way back, a woman who had been on the trip with me said, “I’m very sad because I realize I cannot go to the Soviet Union again for the first time.” And I think that expresses a sentiment that a lot of people who traveled to the Soviet Union in the ‘70s and ‘80s came back with, feeling like they had discovered something very special and unique, and all of a sudden, having, as part of them, a desire to be more involved with the Soviet Union. So that led to writing some proposals about how American and Soviet citizens might work together to break down some of these preconceived notions. I wrote a proposal called “Bike Ride for Peace.” And my plan was that American and Soviet bike riders, or people, should get on their bicycles and ride about a thousand miles together and learn from one another, [0:05:00] and maybe come away from that with the experience that we’re not one another’s enemies. That crossed the desk of a professor in New Haven, Connecticut, who also had just received a proposal from a Norwegian called “Bike for Peace.” He couldn’t believe on his desk there were two proposals for the same concept. He called me up on the telephone and he said, “Hey, you’ve got to know about this guy, Tore Narland, from Norway. He’s proposing the same thing.” We got together, and I abandoned my proposal and became the American coordinator of his proposal. Before I knew it, it was May of 1983 and I was in Moscow meeting with Yuri [Aleksandrovich] Zhukov of the Soviet Peace Committee. The Soviet Peace Committee was a Christopher G. Senie, interview by Rebecca Adeline Johnston, December 12, 2019, transcript, Post-Soviet States Oral 2 History Collection, Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law, Austin, TX, available online at: https://www.strausscenter.org/interview/christopher-senie big propaganda machine, designed by the Soviets to make it appear that the Soviet Union wanted peace. I don’t mean to be so harsh, but in reality, it didn’t take me long to realize that I was being worked, so to speak, and there were photographs and I held up pictures of things that would be experienced along the American portion of this route. Sure enough, in June of 1983, thirty-three bicycle riders—a third American, a third Scandinavian, and a third Soviet—took off from Moscow on Route 10 toward what was then Leningrad. It was not St. Petersburg for a while. So we rode all the way up to Leningrad, then into Scandinavia, over to Oslo, Norway, and then to New York, where we met the Secretary General of the United Nations, Pérez de Cuéllar, and bicycled all the way to Washington D.C. and ended at the Capitol. So this was called Bike for Peace—Veloprobeg k miru vocem’deciat’ tri [Bike Ride for Peace 1983]. It was repeated three years later in 1986. The early ‘80s was a very contentious time. We were threatening to put more long-range missiles into Western Europe, aimed at Eastern Europe. The Soviet Union, they were placing more long- range missiles in Eastern Europe aimed at Western Europe, and even the United States. It was a very contentious time. What I didn’t know at the time is that what I was feeling and working on and trying to accomplish was part of a bigger picture that came to be known as “citizen diplomacy.” Actually, through efforts like this, I think we did help influence government leaders, and I think it did help lead to a thawing of this Cold War or cold atmosphere that we lived in. As you know, then, Mikhail Gorbachev came to power and introduced concepts that were somewhat Western-like. But a lot of the foundation for American involvement was by people known as “citizen diplomats.” There was actually a book written, called Citizen Diplomats, by Gale Warner and Michael Shuman. One of the chapters in that book is on Bike for Peace. So Bike for Peace played a small role in an effort of American citizens, without government approval, but perhaps government allowance, joined together with Soviet counterparts to try to elevate people’s understanding that we didn’t necessarily have to look at one another the way we do. Bike for Peace was wonderful. We were met in many cities by large crowds, groups of Young Pioneers with their red Pioneer hats showed up to give us flowers, we gave speeches. It was really marvelous. The whole time, we knew we were being manipulated by the Soviet Peace Committee, but as it turned out, I think we played a role in even helping them, the Soviets, perhaps go in directions that hadn’t been imagined at that time.
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