DOCSLIB.ORG

MIL-HDBK-411 Rev. B

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MIL-HDBK-411 Rev. B Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com NOT MEASUREMENT SENSITIVE MIL-HDBK-411B 15 MAY 1990 ------------------------ SUPERSEDING MIL-HDBK-411A 21 MAY 1971 MILITARY HANDBOOK POWER AND THE ENVIRONMENT FOR SENSITIVE DoD ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) VOLUME I ASMC N/A AREA SLHC DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com MIL-HDBK-411B VOLUME I CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE 1. SCOPE . I-1 1.1 Purpose . I-1 1.2 Applicability . I-1 1.3 Application guidance. I-1 1.4 Safety. I-2 1.4.1 Safe workplace . I-2 1.4.2 Confined spaces . I-2 1.4.3 Electrical/electronic equipment . I-2 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS. I-3 2.1 Government documents. I-3 2.1.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. I-3 2.1.2 Other Government documents, drawings, and I-4 publications. I-5 2.2 Other publications. I-7 2.3 Order of precedence . 3. DEFINITIONS . I-8 3.1 Acronyms and abbreviations. I-8 3.2 Terms and definitions . I-9 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. I-16 4.1 Mission requirements definition . I-16 4.1.1 Mission function. I-16 4.1.2 Mission criticality . I-16 4.1.3 Operating organization(s) . I-17 4.1.4 Supporting and supported organizations. I-17 4.1.5 Location and site survey. I-17 4.1.5.1 Geographic and geopolitical considerations, . I-17 4.1.5.2 Local power availability. I-17 4.1.5.3 Building construction . I-17 4.1.5.4 Location. I-18 4.1.6 Equipment requirements. I-18 4.1.6.1 Mission-essential equipment . I-18 4.1.6.2 Mission support equipment . I-18 4.1.6.3 Administrative support equipment. I-18 4.1.6.4 Environmental equipment . I-18 4.1.7 Personnel requirements. I-18 4.1.8 Site-unique requirements. I-19 4.2 Power requirements (general). I-19 4.2.1 Voltage . I-20 4.2.2 Transformers. I-20 4.2.3 Phase . I-20 4.2.4 Frequency . I-24 4.2.5 Current . I-24 4.2.6 Wattage . I-24 4.2.7 Power factor. I-24 4.2.8 Heat dissipation. I-24 ii Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com MIL-HDBK-411B VOLUME I CONTENTS (continued) 4.2.9 Conversions . I-24 4.2.9.1 Wattage . I-24 4.2.9.2 Power factor. I-24 4.2.9.3 Heat dissipation. I-26 4.2.10 Data collection . I-26 4.3 Primary local power characteristics and sources . I-26 4.3.1 U.S. commercial power grid. I-26 4.3.2 U.S. Government-owned and operated power system I-29 4.3.3 Foreign power grid. I-29 4.4 Power disturbances and monitoring . I-31 4.4.1 Lighting . I-31 4.4.2 System-generated disturbances . I-31 4.4.3 Power grid generated disturbances . I-34 4.4.4 Protection techniques and location of devices . I-34 4.4.4.1 Fuses . I-34 4.4.4.2 Circuit breakers. I-35 4.4.4.3 Protective relays . I-35 4.4.4.4 Surge suppressors (arresters) . I-37 4.5 Power conversion, conditioning, and regulation. I-37 4.5.1 Special power considerations for conwnunications and computer-based equipment. I-39 4.5.2 Uninterruptible power supply (UPS). I-39 4.5.2.1 Rotary UPS. I-43 4.5.2.2 Solid state UPS . I-43 4.5.2.3 No-break generators . I-46 4.5.2.4 UPS bypass. I-46 4.5.3 Voltage regulation. I-46 4.5.4 Power isolation . I-46 4.5.4.1 Isolation transformers. I-47 4.5.4.2 Power filters . I-47 4.5.4.3 Power filter bypass . I-47 4.6 Power distribution. I-47 4.6.1 Circuit breakers and distribution panels. I-48 4.6.2 Special applications for fuses. I-48 4.6.3 Ground-fault circuit interrupters . I-48 4.6.4 Distribution transformers . , . I-51 4.6.5 Electric motor control and protection . I-51 4.7 Power system grounding. I-51 4.8 Power system monitoring and control . I-53 4.8.1 Transfer switching. I-53 4.8.2 Automatic transfer switches . I-53 4.9 Auxiliary power systems . I-53 4.9.1 Engine generators . I-53 4.9.2 Motor generators. I-55 4.9.3 Integration of auxiliary power systems. I-55 4.9.4 Location. I-55 4.9.5 Fuel types and storage. I-55 iii Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com MIL-HDBK-411B VOLUME I CONTENTS (continued) 4.9.6 Auxiliary power system quality. I-56 4.9.7 Auxiliary power system monitoring and control . I-56 4.9.8 Energy conservation methods . I-57 4.9.9 Cogeneration. I-57 4.10 Alternative power systems . I-59 4.10.1 Solar power. I-59 4.10.2 Renewable alternate fuels . I-59 4.10.3 Fuel cells. I-60 4.10.4 Wind energy conversion. I-60 4.10.5 Small nuclear reactors. I-60 4.11 Direct current (dc) power systems . I-62 4.11.1 Rectifier/chargers. I-62 4.11.2 Batteries . I-62 4.11.2.1 Sizing. I-62 4.11.2.2 Battery room considerations . I-64 4.11.2.2.1 Weight. I-64 4.11.2.2.2 Racks. I-64 4.11.2.2.3 Seismic concerns. I-64 4.11.2.2.4 Ventilation/hazardous gas control . I-64 4.11.3 Battery safety. I-64 4.11.4 Overvoltage protection for direct current (dc) sources . I-66 4.12 Power system upgrade planning . I-66 4.13 Environmental considerations. I-66 4.13.1 Fundamentals of environmental control . I-66 4.13.1.1 Temperature . I-66 4.13.1.2 Humidity. I-67 4.13.1.3 Atmospheric air . I-67 4.13.1.4 Pressure. I-69 4.13.1.5 Psychometrics and the psychometric chart. I-69 4.13.1.6 Personal comfort and health . I-69 4.13.1.6.1 Indoor air quality (IAQ) and pollution control . I-69 4.13.1.6.2 Temperature, humidity, noise, and other factors . I-73 4.13.1.7 Heat. I-73 4.13.1.7.1 Types of heat . I-73 4.13.1.7.2 Heat transfer. I-73 4.13.1.7.3 Heat measurement. I-76 4.13.2 Site survey environmental factors . I-77 4.13.2.1 Climate . I-77 4.13.2.2 Geographical features . I-77 4.13.2.3 Site resources. I-77 4.13.2.4 Local utilities . I-77 4.13.2.5 Local support activities. I-77 4.13.3 Building construction and design conditions . I-77 4.13.3.1 Heat transfer properties. I-77 iv Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com MIL-HDBK-411B VOLUME I CONTENTS (continued) 4.13.3.2 Practical calculations and design conditions. I-77 4.13.4 Environmental equipment and systems . I-81 4.13.4.1 Heating . I-81 4.13.4.1.1 Forced-air systems. I-81 4.13.4.1.2 Hot water systems . I-82 4.13.4.1.3 Steam systems . I-82 4.13.4.1.4 Radiant panel systems . I-82 4.13.5.1.5 Supplemental heating systems. I-82 4.13.4.2 Ventilating . I-82 4.13.4.2.1 Ventilation standards . I-82 4.13.4.2.2 Natural ventilation . I-83 4.13.4.2.3 Mechanical ventilation. I-83 4.13.4.2.4 Fans. I-83 4.13.4.2.5 Distribution of ventilation and conditioned air . I-83 4.13.4.3 Cooling . I-83 4.13.4.3.1 Types of cooling equipment. I-85 4.13.4.3.2 Special cooling equipment considerations. I-85 4.13.4.4 Humidity level control. I-85 4.13.4.4.1 Humidification. I-85 4.13.4.4.2 Dehumidification. I-85 4.13.4.4.3 Special humidity considerations . I-86 4.13.4.5 Lighting. I-86 4.13.4.5.1 Lighting terms, symbols, and units........ I-86 4.13.4.5.2 Luminous flux . I-87 4.13.4.5.3 Coefficient of utilization. I-87 4.13.4.5.4 Human vision and brightness considerations. I-88 4.13.4.5.5 Physical factors of seeing. I-88 4.13.4.5.6 Lighting controls . I-90 4.13.4.5.7 Lighting innovations. I-92 4.13.4.6 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) control . I-95 4.13.4.7 Water supply and water treatment. I-95 4.13.4.7.1 Water sources and usage . I-95 4.13.4.7.2 Water quality standards and treatment . I-95 4.13.4.7.3 Water distribution and storage. I-98 4.13.4.7.4 Waste water treatment . I-98 4.13.4.7.5 Domestic hot water service. I-98 4.13.5 Special environmental considerations for communication and computer-based equipment. I-98 4.13.6 Environmental systems monitoring and control. I-100 4.13.6.1 HVAC control. I-101 4.13.6.2 Microprocessor control of HVAC systems. I-101 4.13.6.3 Direct digital control. I-101 Control systems configuration . I-103 4.13.6.5 Effects of duct design on control systems . I-103 4.13.6.6 Integrated building automation systems.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Power Distribution Solutions
    UNION CONNECTOR POWER DISTRIBUTION SOLUTIONS Since 1929, Union Connector has manufactured electrical products for the entertainment industry. The company was founded by William “Bill” Wolpert, an IATSE Local 1 stagehand. The company is now owned by a third generation of Wolperts, the grandsons of William. Manufacturing the ‘stage pin’ connector was the mainstay of the company for almost forty years. In that time, Union Connector became the primary manufacturer of the standard theatrical wiring device. It is safe to say that almost every theatre from Broadway to Hollywood has used pin connectors made by Union Connector. In the 1980’s and 90’s, Union Connector dedicated considerable resources to research and development of new products. Some of these have become the modern standards for power distribution in the industry. Several patents were awarded, including the polybox™ power distribution box and the revolutionary SafeCam™ outlet system. The company switch Union designed during this time is now the standard type specified for theatres, convention centers and studios nationwide. The millennium found Union Connector continuing to evolve into a modern manufacturing company. Major investments were made in CNC fabricating machinery, computerized warehouse facilities and 3-D CAD/CAM design engineering. Power distribution equipment for entertainment lighting/audio is still the mainstay of Union’s product line — much of it custom designed and built for specific applications and projects. But Union now has the ability to fabricate specialty equipment for a variety of other applications as well. Spacelights, data center power distribution, grip equipment and custom machined components are just some of the other products Union Connector now manufactures.
    [Show full text]
  • Electrical Bid Set(3).Pdf
    SECTION 16010 - ELECTRICAL GENERAL PROVISIONS PART 1 - GENERAL 1.01 EXECUTION OF THE WORK A. These Specifications call out certain duties of the Electrical Contractor and/or Subcontractors. They are not intended as a material list of items required by the Contract. B. This division of the Specifications covers the electrical systems of the project. It includes work performed by the electrical trades as well as trades not normally considered as electrical trades. C. Provide all items and work indicated on the Drawings and all items and work called for in this division of the Specifications in accordance with the conditions of Contract (Division 1 General Requirements Documents). This includes all incidentals, equipment, appliances, services, hoisting, scaffolding, supports, tools, supervision, labor, consumable items, fees, licenses, etc., necessary to provide complete systems. Perform start-up and checkout on each item and system to provide fully operable systems. D. Comply with all provisions of the Contract Documents including (Division 1), (General Conditions, and Supplementary General Conditions) of the Specifications. E. Certain terms such as "shall, provide, install, complete, start up" are not used in some parts of these Specifications. This does not indicate that the items shall be less than completely installed or that systems shall be less than complete. F. Examine and compare the Electrical Drawings and Specifications with the Drawings and Specifications of other trades, and report any discrepancies between them to the Engineer and obtain written instructions for changes necessary in the work. At time of bid the most stringent requirements must be included in said bid. Install and coordinate the electrical work in cooperation with other trades installing interrelated work.
    [Show full text]
  • Lighting Controls: Patterns for Design
    Lighting Controls: Patterns for Design Patterns for Design Technical Report Lighting Controls Patterns for Design TR-107230 Final Report, December 1996 Prepared by R. A. Rundquist Associates 56 Ward Avenue Northampton. MA 01060 Authors R.A. Rundquist T.G. McDougall J. Benya Prepared for Empire State Electric Energy Research Corporation 1515 Broadway, 43rd Floor New York, New York 10036-5701 ESEERCO Project Managers E.M. McCaffrey E. Torrero Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Avenue Palo Alto, California 94304 EPRI Project Manager K.F. Johnson Commercial Business Unit Customer Systems Group DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES THIS REPORT WAS PREPARED BY THE ORGANIZATION(S) NAMED BELOW AS AN ACCOUNT OF WORK SPONSORED OR COSPONSORED BY THE ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC. (EPRI). NEITHER EPRI, ANY MEMBER OF EPRI, ANY COSPONSOR, THE ORGANIZATION(S) BELOW, NOR ANY PERSON ACTING ON BEHALF OF ANY OF THEM: (A) MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, (I) WITH RESPECT TO THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS REPORT, INCLUDING MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR (II) THAT SUCH USE DOES NOT INFRINGE ON OR INTERFERE WITH PRIVATELY OWNED RIGHTS, INCLUDING ANY PARTY'S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, OR (III) THAT THIS REPORT IS SUITABLE TO ANY PARTICULAR USER'S CIRCUMSTANCE; OR (B) ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING ANY CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF EPRI OR ANY EPRI REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES) RESULTING FROM YOUR SELECTION OR USE OF THIS REPORT OR ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS REPORT.
    [Show full text]
  • Addendum 4 Specs (917KB)
    CRAIG, GAULDEN AND DAVIS, INC. 19 WASHINGTON PARK GREENVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA 29601 Telephone (864) 242-0761 Email [email protected] December 07, 2017 ADDENDUM NO. 4: TO: All Prospective Bidders RE: Columbia County, Georgia Columbia County Performing Arts Center Evans Town Center, GA 30809 CGD Project No. 15023 To whom it may concern: Please note the following changes or clarifications that shall become part of the contract documents for the above referenced project. GENERAL: A4-G1 Bid Form : Replace: With enclosed BID FORM (REVISED) A4-G2 The following are answers to questions from bidders that are not specifically addressed in the drawings and specifications: 1) QUESTION: Carpet 1 – Custom piece has a huge pattern repeat of 6’ x 63”. How do you want to the seams to run in the lobby areas? This will greatly affect the carpet yardage and I would like to get it right up front. ANSWER: CPT-1 seams need to run in a direction that will be most cost effective and create the least amount of waste. They do need to run either north to south or east to west. 2) QUESTION: For storm structures on sheet C704, we would like to propose round precast structures per ASTM C-478, concrete 4,000 psi in lieu of the concrete boxes shown on the details. Please confirm if that would be acceptable. ANSWER: Round precast structures may be used. They must be submitted with full details for review and approval during construction. 3) QUESTION: Truss on S605. The web members are shown as L4x4x3/8x3/4.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Pebblebrook High School Addendum No. 1 #B007 Addition/Modifications – 20180008
    FEBRUARY 18, 2020 SECTION 009101 - 1 PEBBLEBROOK HIGH SCHOOL ADDENDUM NO. 1 #B007 ADDITION/MODIFICATIONS – 20180008 SECTION 009101 ADDENDUM NO. 1 PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS A. General: for the purpose of proposal, the Bidding and Contract Documents for the above project are changed as described herein. The changes shall take precedence, and all other provisions of the Bidding and Contract Documents shall remain in force. B. Notation on Bid form: Failure to note receipt of this Addendum on a submitted Bid form in accordance with the Bidding Documents may be cause for rejection of any Bid so submitted. PART 2 - DRAWING CHANGES 2.1 NEW DRAWINGS A. The following additional Drawings dated February 18, 2020, are issued with this Addendum, and are deemed a part thereof. In addition, these Drawings are added to the List of Drawings within the Bidding and Contract Drawings and in the Bid form. Number Title VOLUME 1A Civil C5.03 Fire Access Plan C5.04 Fire Flow Test C6.02 Utility Profiles C7.05 Construction Details Vi Landscape L4.00 Site Details Structural SC2.60 Alternate Main Entrance Canopy & Screen Wall Foundation and Roof Framing Plans SC5.10 Floor Framing Sections & Details VOLUME 1 B Electrical EC2.11 Partial Existing Building Plans - Electrical Mechanical MC2.12 Partial Existing Building Plans - Mechanical VOLUME 2 Electrical ET6.03 Electrical Schedules FEBRUARY 18, 2020 SECTION 009101 - 2 PEBBLEBROOK HIGH SCHOOL ADDENDUM NO. 1 #B007 ADDITION/MODIFICATIONS – 20180008 2.2 REVISED DRAWINGS A. The following Drawings have been revised, bear revision date February 18, 2020, are issued with this Addendum, and are deemed a part thereof.
    [Show full text]
  • Montgomery County Municipal Court
    MONTGOMERY COUNTY MUNICIPAL COURT TROTWOOD NEW BUILDING PROJECT REBID June 18, 2021 MONTGOMERY COUNTY COUNTY COMMISSIONERS Deborah A. Lieberman Judy Dodge Carolyn Rice COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR Michael Colbert FACILITIES MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT Philip G. Miller P.E. Facilities Management Director ARCHITECT/ENGINEER LWC Incorporated CMTA Incorporated Burkhardt Engineers & Surveyors Montgomery County Facilities Management Volume 2 – Divisions 20 - 33 TROTWOOD MUNICIPAL COURT BUILDING MONTGOMERY COUNTY MUNICIPAL COURT LWC Commission No. 19651.00 JUNE 2021 - REBID INDEX DIVISION 20 - MECHANICAL 200100- General Provisions – Mechanical .......................................................................200100-1 thru 41 200300- Shop Drawings, Maintenance Manuals and Parts Lists........................................200300-1 thru 2 201100- Sleeving, Cutting, Patching, Firestopping & Repairing .......................................201100-1 thru 5 201200- Excavation, Trenching, Backfilling & Grading....................................................201200-1 thru 5 201300- Pipe, Pipe Fittings, & Pipe Support ......................................................................201300-1 thru 8 202100- Valves ...................................................................................................................202100-1 thru 4 202200- Insulation - Mechanical ........................................................................................202200-1 thru 6 202300- Thermometers, Pressure Gauges, Etc. ..................................................................202300-1
    [Show full text]