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May 18, 2018 Mary Gates Hall May 18, 2018 Mary Gates Hall The Effects of Human Influences on Pollution Run-off POSTER SESSION 1 into Streams Balcony, Easel 104 Maddie Thompson, Sophomore, Marine Biology, Grays Harbor Coll 11:00 AM to 1:00 PM Mentor: Amanda Lyn Gunn, Science and Math Division, Analysis of the Microbial Content of an Invisible Fish Grays Harbor College Barrier Pollution from human influences is a growing problem in the Lauren Thompson, Sophomore, Marine Biology, Grays Chehalis River and tributaries causing deleterious effects on Harbor Coll stream health. Pollution runoff happens when rainfall or snow Mentor: Amanda Lyn Gunn, Science and Math Division, melt pick up and carry human-made or natural pollutants and Grays Harbor College are then deposited into streams, lakes, and rivers. With a Stream microbiomes are composed of diverse collection of better understanding of microbial populations within streams microbes that play an important role in keeping the surround- you can correlate the role that the surrounding environment ing riparian zones and life within the streams healthy and is playing on overall stream health. Stream water has been thriving. The Chehalis River provides habitats in favor of facing a decline in quality from the leading cause of pollution fish spawning and juvenile development, but fish return pop- from agriculture and manufacturer run-offs. Previous studies ulations upstream haves decreased in recent years. The aim have linked increasing industrialization to ecological losses. of this study was to identify and characterize microbes within Pollution entering a stream can influence and alter the abun- the Chehalis River tributaries, in correlation to fish popula- dance and diversity of aquatic life, especially at a microbial tions, that are causing part of an invisible fish barrier. An in- level. Although there have been many studies relating to run- visible fish barrier is an undefined barrier that is blocking or off pollution affecting streams, there are no in-depth studies preventing the return of fish. When water conditions are al- done on the taxonomy and functionality of microbes in ur- tered by human impacts or water quality is poor, it can result ban water ecosystems, so it is important for this to be fur- in microbial communities to shift. These communities can ther investigated. For this project, overall stream health was become harmful and potentially pathogenic to the surround- measure by assessing seven locations along Alder and Fry ing hosts and environment. Microbial identification specifi- creek. Environmental factors, percentage of man-made cov- cally within the stream in relation to fish populations could ering, and potential pollution runoffs were all considered and help to find ways to improve overall water quality for fish analyzed. A stream microbiome analysis was done along all health. This analysis may provide a holistic indicator for sites sampled using 16s sequencing. The microbes present are necessary renovation and restoration of fish passages. Sites a strong indicator of the health of the ecosystem. From this that lack species diversity in their riparian zones, and were information, future studies can draw how to improve stream closer to urbanization, show diversity in potentially harmful restoration efforts based off the abundance and diversity of microbes like Camplyobacter, Sanguibacter and Shewanella, organisms within streams facing variation in levels of human in correlation to low fish population. Continued monitoring impacts. will help correlate trends that are influencing riparian zones, water quality conditions and fish populations during the pro- cess of stream restoration. POSTER SESSION 1 Balcony, Easel 105 11:00 AM to 1:00 PM POSTER SESSION 1 Balcony, Easel 103 11:00 AM to 1:00 PM Undergraduate Research Program 1 www.uw.edu/undergradresearch Evaluation of Stock Selective Fishing Tools in the Lower Fast Kelp Crab Consumption: Implications for Columbia Sub-basin Washington Sea Otters Mary Valentine, Sophomore, Marine biology, Grays Harbor Carter Justis Johnson, Senior, Biology (General), Aquatic & Coll Fishery Sciences Mentor: Amanda Lyn Gunn, Science and Math Division, Mentor: Jessica Hale, School of Aquatic and Fishery Grays Harbor College Sciences Mentor: Adrian Tuohy, Wild Fish Conservancy Mentor: Kristin Laidre, Polar Science Center/APL and Mentor: Aaron Jorgenson, Wild Fish Coservancy School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Mentor: Justin Eastman Sea otters (Enhydra lutris), members of the mustelid family, In the Pacific Northwest the Endangered Species Act (ESA) are distributed in the near-shore marine environment along protects wild salmonids from commercial fishing. The cur- the west coast of North America from southern California to rent commercial fishing gear, including gill nets but not lim- Alaska. Sea otters are unique among marine mammals, in ited to, disrupts the recovery of these species because fisher- that they bring all captured prey to the surface to handle and men can not selectively harvest the hatchery fisheries without consume. This behavior allows scientists to directly observe wild salmonids as bycatch, which have high mortality rates. their foraging and estimate energy intake rates based on time Once ESA quotas are met this can effectively shut down com- spent at the surface processing and consuming prey (handling mercial fisheries. The exploration of alternative fishing tools time), prey type and size, and dive time. The foraging be- that can select for certain species will lower bycatch mortality havior of sea otters is observed using standardized methods rates of ESA species, and in turn allow commercial fisheries throughout the sea otter’s North American range. One as- to operate longer. On August 26th through September 29th of sumption made when calculating sea otter energy intake rates 2017 Wild Fish Conservancy conducted follow up research, is that the same prey type of a given size is equivalent across to a 2016 pilot study of Pound nets, in the Lower Columbia regions. However, an anomaly in the handling time of kelp River Sub-Basin. Post release survival rates were evaluated in crabs (Pugettia spp.) has been discovered, where Washing- a modified stock selective pound-net. Using Mark Recapture ton sea otters (Enydra lutris kenyoni) handle kelp crabs 1.5- methodology, with a Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) 2 times faster than sea otters in California (Enhydra lutris tags, and genetic clippings for later analysis. Survival rates nereies). One hypothesis to explain this difference is that of control specimen to treatment specimen were captured as Washington kelp crabs have a lower edible biomass than kelp they traveled past dams upstream. Data analyzed were total crabs in California, allowing for faster handling times by sea catch, catch per unit effort and covariates of recapture proba- otters. To explore this hypothesis, I collected kelp crabs at bilities. The preliminary results show that fishing with stock two sites on the Washington coast. I measured and compared selective nets can effectively target hatchery fisheries while kelp crab maximum width and edible biomass to test whether successfully releasing ESA listed species, reducing mortal- kelp crabs in Washington are an equivalent sea otter prey item ity rates. In 33 days WFC and a local fisherman captured to kelp crabs in California. Kelp crabs comprise 20% of the and released 7,129 salmonids with a post release survival overall diet of Washington sea otters, so accurately measur- for steelhead and trout ( Oncorhynchus Mykiss) of 94.0%, ing the edible biomass of kelp crabs enhances the precision and 96.6% for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) of estimating sea otter energy intake rates. Estimating the en- listed as ESA species. Hatchery fisheries of these species ergy intake rate of sea otters provides additional information along with coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were effec- on their population health. tively selected with viable commercial quantities. Future sub- set data of genetic clips and a Jolly-Seber analysis will give more precise information of these post-release survival esti- SESSION 1D mates. MARINE ECOLOGY AND FOOD WEBS SESSION 1D Session Moderator: Bonnie Becker, Academic Affairs (Tacoma) MARINE ECOLOGY AND FOOD WEBS MGH 228 12:30 PM to 2:15 PM Session Moderator: Bonnie Becker, Academic Affairs * Note: Titles in order of presentation. (Tacoma) MGH 228 12:30 PM to 2:15 PM * Note: Titles in order of presentation. 2 Are All Herbivores Created Equal? Linking Diet to Consumption across Temperature and Size in Dungeness Morphology in Phytophagous Pacus and Graceful Crabs: Bioenergetic Implications for Jonathan Michael Huie, Junior, Aquatic & Fishery Sciences Ecology and Fisheries Management Mary Gates Scholar, UW Honors Program Grace Rachele Workman, Senior, Aquatic & Fishery Mentor: Adam Summers, Biology Sciences Mentor: Matthew Kolmann, Friday Harbor Labs Mentor: P. Sean McDonald, Program on the Environment Herbivorous fishes feed on stems, leaves, flowers, seeds, Dungeness crabs (Cancer [Metacarcinus] magister) hold fruits, and nuts of diverse aquatic plants, as well as algae. commercial and cultural value in Washington State, yet lit- In the Neotropics, many of these fishes have intricately tied tle is known about the effects of climate change on their ecologies with their prey plant’s life history and facilitate seed population–even less is known about their competitor, the dispersal; including the herbivorous cousins of piranhas, pa- graceful crab (C.[M.] gracilis). To investigate
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