Italian Australian Institute

In Search of the Italian Australian into the New Millennium

Conference Proceedings Melbourne - 24th, 25th, 26th of May 2000 CONFERENCE SPONSORS

The Conference acknowledges with thanks the sponsorship of: • ANZ Banking Group • bella italia • Bonacci Group • Cassa Commerciale • Conexport • Fondazione Cassamarca – Treviso, Italy • Gro-Set Pty Ltd • Grollo Australia Pty Ltd • Il Globo • James L. Williams Pty Ltd • Lustig & Moar • Park Hyatt Hotel • Permasteelisa – Treviso, Italy • Pratt Foundation • Qantas • The Government of Italy

We also acknowledge the support of: • Australian National University • Deakin University • La Trobe University • Monash University • RMIT University • Swinburne University of Technology • University of Melbourne • University of Southern Queensland • University of Sydney • University of Western Australia • Victoria University of Technology In Search of the Italian Australian into the New Millennium I.A.I. Italian Australian Institute

In Search of the Italian Australian into the New Millennium

Conference Proceedings Melbourne - 24th, 25th, 26th of May 2000

Edited by Piero Genovesi and Walter Musolino

Ilma Martinuzzi O’Brien, Maria Pallotta-Chiarolli, Margherita Genovesi Published by Gro-Set Pty Ltd 344 Mansfield Street, Thornbury, (VIC) 3071, Australia

Prepared and collated by the Italian Australian Institute Level 32, Rialto South Tower 525 Collins St, Melbourne, (VIC) 3000, Australia Phone: (03) 9620 5666 – Fax: (03) 9620 5133 Web Address: www.iai.com.au

© First published in Australia in 2000

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without the permission in writing of the authors concerned.

ISBN 0-9577148-1-5

Acknowledgements The Editors wish to acknowledge both the quality and the quantity of work performed by Miss Marinda Smith and Pier Giorgio Cappellotto in helping to compile and prepare for publication these Proceedings of the Conference.

Printed by Highlight Printing Pty Ltd., Cnr Howes Street and Rodd Road, Airport West, (VIC) 3042, Australia I.A.I. Italian Australian Institute

Board of Directors

Dr. Grande Ufficiale Rino Grollo (Chairperson)

Comm. Giancarlo Martini Piovano, Cav. Uff. Thomas Hazell AO, Comm. Diana Ruzzene Grollo, Prof. Robert Pascoe, Anthony Pagone QC, Cav. Uff. Nino Randazzo

Executive Director: Gaspare Sirianni

★ ★ ★

Conference Steering Committee

Diana Ruzzene Grollo, Piero Genovesi, Walter Musolino, Maria Tence, Ilma Martinuzzi O’Brien, Hass Dellal, Jean Cornish, Lilian Sinozic, Maria Pallotta-Chiarolli, Robert Pascoe, Gaspare Sirianni, Marinda Smith, Pier Giorgio Cappellotto

★ ★ ★

Agenda Sub Committee

Piero Genovesi, Walter Musolino, Maria Pallotta-Chiarolli, Diana Ruzzene Grollo, Ilma Martinuzzi O’Brien, Robert Pascoe

Master of Ceremony: Tony Charlton Table of Contents

Table of Contents page ix

Index page xi

Preface page xvii

Final Recommendations of the Conference page xxi

Prime Ministerial Letter page xxiii

Ambassadorial Address page xxv

Parliamentary Notes page xli

Day One Session One page 1

Lunch – Keynote Speaker page 653

Day One Session Two Workshop 1 Australia Italia Trade and Commerce page 29 Workshop 2 Preservation of Italian Heritage and Culture in Australia page 67 Workshop 3 Italian Australian Arts and Culture page 129 Workshop 4 Information Exchange and the Media page 191 Day One Session Three Panel Discussion on Global Reality page 757

Day Two Session One page 219

Lunch – Keynote Speaker page 663

Day Two Session Two Workshop 1 Language Policy and Youth Affairs page 279 Workshop 2 Cultural Diversity and Globalisation page 319 Workshop 3 Italian Australian Arts and Culture page 407 Workshop 4 Social Welfare, Health and Italian Australian Enterprises page 457

Day Two Session Three Panel Discussion on Exploring Identity and Community Through the Arts and Culture page 797

Day Three Session One page 501

Lunch – Keynote Speaker page 669

Day Three Session Two Workshop 1 Cultural Identity and Community Life page 543 Workshop 2 Contribution of Religion and Education to the Development of the Italian Australian Identity page 591 Workshop 3 Italian Australian Arts and Culture page 627

Gala Dinner – Keynote Speakers page 675

Papers Received page 687

Bibliography page 841

Personal Biographies page 877

Press Cuttings and Photographs page 909 Index

Table of Contents page ix

Index page xi

Preface page xvii

Final Recommendations of the Conference page xxi

Prime Ministerial Letter page xxiii The Hon. John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia

Ambassadorial Address page xxv Dr. Giovanni Castellaneta, Ambassador of Italy to Australia

Parliamentary Notes The Hon. Phillip Barresi MP, Federal Member for Deakin, VIC page xli The Hon. Brian Pezzutti MLC, Member of the Legislative Council, NSW page xliii The Hon. Carmel Zollo MLC, Opposition Whip, SA page xlv xii Index

Day One Session One Dr. Grande Ufficiale Rino Grollo, Chairperson of the Italian Australian Institute page 1 H.E. Most Reverend Dr. George Pell, Archbishop of Melbourne page 3 The Hon. Sir James Gobbo, Governor of Victoria page 5 H.E. Cardinal Francis George OMI, Archbishop of Chicago, USA page 9 The Hon. Phillip Ruddock MP, Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs page 11 The Hon. Concetto Sciacca MP, Shadow Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs page 19 Mr Joseph Cerrell, President National Italian American Foundation (NIAF) page 25

Day One Session Two Workshop 1 Australia Italia Trade and Commerce Mr. Bruno Mascitelli, Swinburne University, VIC page 29 Mr. Sam Capuana, State Manager, Cassa Commerciale, VIC page 43 Mr. A.A. De Fina OAM, President of the “Court of International Arbitration Australia”, VIC page 49 Ms. Carolynne Bourne, International Specialised Skills Institute, Melbourne, VIC page 53

Workshop 2 Preservation of Italian Heritage and Culture in Australia Professor John Gatt-Rutter, La Trobe University, VIC page 67 Cav. Uff. Laura Mecca and Mr. Lorenzo Iozzi, Co.As.It. Italian Historical Society, VIC page 77 Dr. John Hall, University of New England, VIC page 95 Ms. Madilina Tresca, All Saints Catholic College, NSW page 103 Mr. Bruno Spiller, Marian College, VIC page 115 Dr. Piero Genovesi, La Trobe University, VIC page 123

Workshop 3 Italian Australian Arts and Culture Ms. Maria Tence, Manager, Access Gallery, Immigration Museum, VIC page 129 Ms. Cristina Motta-Fenton, Box Hill TAFE, VIC page 147 xiii

Ms. Diana Chessell, University of South Australia page 161 Ms. Francesca Musico, University of Sydney, NSW page 179 Ms. Marie Louise Catsalis, Self-Employed, NSW page 187

Workshop 4 Information Exchange and the Media

Cav. Uff. Nino Randazzo, Director “Il Globo”, VIC page 191 Ms. Manuela Caluzzi, Head of Italian Program, SBS Radio, Melbourne, VIC page 199 Ms. Paola Niscioli, Member of Com.It.Es., SA, and of “AustraliaDonna” page 205 Dott. Claudio Paroli, “TVi Productions P/L”, NSW page 209

Day Two Session One Professor Michael Osborne, Vice Chancellor, La Trobe University, VIC page 219 Emeritus Professor Jerzy Zubrzycki, AO, CBE, Aust. Nat. University, ACT page 227 Elio Guarnuccio, Publisher and Former Chairman of Centro Italiano Studi (CIS), VIC page 237 Professor Flavio Lucchesi, Department of Human Geography, Università degli Studi di Milano, ITALY page 243 Dr. James Jupp, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT page 261 Professor Roslyn Pesman, Pro-Vice Chancellor, University of Sydney, NSW page 269

Day Two Session Two Workshop 1 Language Policy and Youth Affairs

Department of Education, Employment and Training, VIC page 279 Mr. Joseph Favrin, Penola Catholic College, VIC page 289 Ms. Maryclare Cassisi, Member of Com.It.Es. Melbourne, President “Club Cultura”, VIC. page 295 Mr. Peter Iagnocco, Xavier College, VIC page 299 Ms. Elida Meadows, Waverley Library, NSW page 309 xiv

Workshop 2 Cultural Diversity and Globalisation

Dr. Krzysztof Batorowicz, University of Southern Queensland page 319 Adjunct Professor V. Giorgio Venturini, Swinburne University of Technology, VIC page 333 Dr. Ilma Martinuzzi O’Brien, Director of the Italian Australian Records Project, Victoria University of Technology, VIC page 355 Ms. Laura Hougaz, Swinburne University of Technology, VIC page 365 Professor Anne Reynolds, University of Sydney, NSW page 377 Dr. Adriano Boncompagni, University of Western Australia page 391

Workshop 3 Italian Australian Arts and Culture Ms. Stephanie Lindsay Thompson, Australian National University, ACT page 407 Mr. Pino Migliorino, President of Co.As.It., NSW page 419 Dr. Nerina Caltabiano and Dr. Stephen Torre, James Cook University, QLD page 429 Dr. Paolo Bartoloni, University of Sydney, NSW page 439 Dr. Ilaria Vanni, University of Western Sydney, NSW page 449

Workshop 4 Social Welfare, Health and Italian Australian Enterprises Ms. Lara Damiani, “Lara Damiani & Associates”, SA page 457 Ms. Maria Vandamme, “Melba Recordings”, VIC page 463 Dr. Walter Petralia and Dr. Yvonne Wells, Lincoln Gerontology Centre, VIC page 475 Ms. Emma Contessa, Manager of Aged Care Services, Co.As.It., Melbourne, VIC page 489 Mr. Dino De Marchi, “De Marchi & Associates”, VIC page 493

Day Three Session One H.E. Most Reverend Dr. George Pell, Archbishop of Melbourne page 501 Professor Desmond Cahill, RMIT University, VIC page 507 Mr. Desmond O’Grady, Author, Journalist, Rome, ITALY page 521 Professor Mary Kalantzis, RMIT University, VIC page 525 Prof. Cav. Uff. Giovanni Carsaniga, University of Sydney, NSW page 535 xv

Day Three Session Two Workshop 1 Cultural Identity and Community Life Dr. Maria Pallotta Chiarolli, (Deakin University, VIC) and Vittorio Perri, Vicky Guglielmo and Luciano page 543 Ms. Susanna Iuliano, Dept of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, ACT page 559 Ms. Lara Palombo, University of Adelaide, SA page 575

Workshop 2 Contribution of Religion and Education to the Development of the Italian Australian Identity

Ms. Anna Maria Barbaro, High School Teacher, Brisbane, QLD page 591 Mr. Anthony Cappello, National Civic Council, VIC page 599 Reverend Massimo Vodola, Our Lady of Perpetual Succour Church, VIC page 609 Dr. John Hajek, University of Melbourne, VIC page 611

Workshop 3 Italian Australian Arts and Culture

Reverend Franco Cavarra, St Mary of the Angels Church, VIC page 627 Mr. Vince Marotta, Deakin University, VIC page 635 The Hon. Carlo Carli MP, Parliamentary Secretary for Infrastructure, VIC page 649

Lunches and Dinners Mr. Mark Leibler, Senior Partner, “Arnold, Bloch, Leibler”, VIC page 653 Mr. John Salamone, Special Projects Director, NIAF, USA page 661 His Honour Justice Stephen Charles, Supreme Court Judge, Melbourne, VIC page 663 The Right Hon. Frank Sartor, Lord Mayor of Sydney, NSW page 669 Cr. Clem Newton-Brown, Deputy Lord Mayor of Melbourne, VIC page 674 The Hon. Steve Bracks MP, Premier of Victoria page 675 H.E. Cardinal Francis George OMI, Archbishop of Chicago, USA page 679 The Hon. Helen Shardey MP, Shadow Minister for Multicultural Affairs, VIC page 683 xvi

Papers Received Comm. Diana Ruzzene Grollo, Director of the Italian Australian Institute and Author, VIC page 687 Dr. Joseph Talia, Managing Director, Melbourne City Opera, VIC page 701 Ms. Nora Ruzzene, Coordinator, Multicultural Social Welfare Team, VIC page 719 Dott. Danilo Longhi, President, Camera di Commercio di Vicenza, ITALY page 731

Panel Discussion on Global Reality page 757 Mr. John Goddard, Bendigo Bank, Sydney, NSW Dott. Gianni Bardini, Consul General of Italy for Victoria and Tasmania Mr. Nat Bonacci, Bonacci Group, VIC Mr. Santo Cilauro, Writer and Producer, Melbourne, VIC Mr. Antonino Iaccarino, Qantas Airways, NSW Mr. Lucio Mafessanti, Permasteelisa SPA, Treviso, ITALY Dr. Rocco Perna, Ferrero Australia (Pty Ltd), Sydney, NSW

Panel Discussion on Exploring Identity and Community Through the Arts and Culture page 797 Ms. Josephine Cafagna, 7:30 Report, ABC, Melbourne, VIC Ms. Teresa Crea, Artistic Director, Adelaide, SA Ms. Anna Maria Dell’oso, Author, Sydney, NSW Ms. Melina Marchetta, Author, Sydney, NSW Dr. Maria Pallotta-Chiarolli, Lecturer and Author, Deakin University, VIC Ms. Virginia Trioli, Journalist and Author, Sydney, NSW

Bibliography page 841

Personal Biographies page 877

Press Cuttings and Photographs page 909 Preface

The opening of the new millennium seemed an appropriate occasion for the Italian Australian Institute to launch its inaugural national conference. It ran from 24th to 26th May and was entitled “In Search of the Italian Australian into the New Millennium.” It assembled an international array of speakers, as well as numerous local contributors. The Institute had come into being eighteen months earlier with the aim of providing Australians of Italian origin with a central focus through which to channel their growing political, social, educational and artistic aspirations. In this spirit the Institute seeks to be a truly national and representative body, just as it seeks to be collaborative in its approach, liaising with existing, like-minded organizations. In the year 2000 the Institute intended the inaugural Conference to be both the platform for its official public launch and also the occasion for fostering an open discussion of its objectives. The aim was to make those objectives as inclusive as possible, broadly representative of our community’s disparate perspectives and needs. Accordingly, the conference took the shape of major speeches, workshops and panels, a format which invited active public participation. It was very gratifying to see all sessions well attended and the event raising great excitement and debate. This confirmed our view that there has long been a need for such an open forum of ideas and interaction to be made available to the Italian community in Australia. The Conference was envisaged as a purposely designed opportunity to bring this community together, to discuss collectively the Institute’s future directions, and to prioritise the innumerable recommendations we knew would be put forward once this new entity took its place in the public spotlight. Its most basic commitment, clearly stated, is to work xviii Dr. Rino Grollo, Chairperson of IAI together for the benefit of the Italians of this country. The Institute gives this undertaking while fully recognizing and completely respecting everything good that has been achieved thus far by other Italian- Australians, singly and institutionally. This will be reflected in the Institute’s genuine aspiration to work in a spirit of partnership and sharing with those already experienced in addressing the needs of the Italian Australian community. It was perhaps inevitable, but the ground-breaking Conference held this year at the Park Hyatt in Melbourne addressed a broad spectrum of issues, stretching even to the weighty matter of trade and commerce between Italy and Australia, and related global realities. It addressed the preservation of Italian heritage in our country as well as the richly idiosyncratic manifestations of Italian Australian arts and culture to which we have been witness for a while now. There were thornier matters aired, like language policy and education, women’s and youth affairs, media and sexuality, social welfare and health, not to mention the struggle for Italian Australian enterprises to survive and succeed in an essentially English cultural context. Flowing from this, such a Conference was always going to have to tackle other, profound questions, as it did, like the nature of identity and what it means to be part of a sometimes marginalised community; and like the function of the Catholic Church - and religious faith generally - which has been so central to the lives of many migrants. Of course, politics, especially the presence and numbers of Australians of Italian origin at all levels of government, their ability to contribute as ethnic role models not just as party players and the needs of the future in this sense was an ever- bubbling debate at the Conference. Among the many notable contributors, the Institute was very pleased to host such guest speakers as Cardinal Archbishop George from Chicago and Archbishop Pell of Melbourne, as well as Archbishop Francesco Canalini, the Apostolic Nuncio of the Holy See to Australia, the Italian Ambassador, Dott. Castellaneta, and the Victorian Governor, Sir James Gobbo. Political figures from both major Australian parties were present: the Honourable Philip Ruddock, Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs and his Labor counterpart, the Honourable Con Sciacca, together with the Premier of Victoria, Mr Steve Bracks, and other federal, state and local government figures. The Institute was particularly gratified to be able to present to the Australian audience Mr Joseph Cerrell, President of the National Italian American Foundation (Washington), the organization from which we have drawn much inspiration. The Institute extends its thanks to all the conference Preface xix participants, among whom were respected academics such as Professor Michael Osborne, Vice Chancellor of La Trobe University, Professor Mary Kalantzis, Dean of the Faculty of Education, Language & Community Studies at RMIT University, Professor Roslyn Pesman, Pro-Vice Chancellor of the University of Sydney, and Professor Bill Kent of Monash University, in addition to a plethora of speakers from the educational sector and personalities from the world of the media and the arts, business and the broader community. The Italian Australian Institute would especially like to express its appreciation for the heart-warming contributions of the Conference sponsors: ANZ Banking Group, “bella italia”, the Bonacci Group, the Cassa Commerciale, Conexport, Fondazione Cassamarca - Treviso, Italy, Gro-Set Pty Ltd, Grollo Australia Pty Ltd, Il Globo, James Williams Pty Ltd, the Park Hyatt Hotel, Permasteelisa - Treviso, Italy, the Pratt Foundation, Qantas and the Government of Italy. A significant number of Australia’s most prestigious universities also lent their support to the Conference and ought duly to be recognised for their vision in doing so: the Australian National University, Deakin University, La Trobe University, Monash University, RMIT University, Swinburne University of Technology, the University of Melbourne, the University of Southern Queensland, the University of Sydney, the University of Western Australia and Victoria University of Technology. At the conclusion of the Conference a series of recommendations was presented to the public. They were the culmination of all the discussions and deliberations held over the entire three days, incorporating both long and short-term objectives. More urgently though, in the area of intergovernmental relationships between Italy and Australia, the Institute is lending its support to a host of initiatives already under way, or initiatives that should be undertaken. It supports, for example, the finalisation of an agreement on working arrangements to assist young people in developing networks in both Italy and Australia. Such agreements already exist between Australia and other nations and they allow some 60,000 young working visitors into our country per annum. The Institute adds its voice to those calling for formal recognition by both the Italian and Australian governments of ‘multi’ citizenship for Australians of Italian background wishing to hold dual passports. It also recommends that an agreement be negotiated to facilitate the exchange of education policy advisers at the highest level, to develop an appropriate curriculum in both Australia and Italy for bolstering migration studies. xx Dr. Rino Grollo, Chairperson of IAI

With an eye to nurturing the grass roots, the Institute also calls for the provision of significant numbers of scholarships for young people in the whole range of the arts, including performing arts, expressive arts, the humanities and social sciences. (And here we welcome the offer of support for young Italian-Australians from the National American Italian Foundation.) The Institute would also see a need for compiling and publishing a calendar of Italian/Australian cultural and commercial events and agreements, accessible to all those in need of such information. Where commerce is concerned, the Institute could play a part as a bridge between peak business bodies in both Italy and Australia, helping to sharpen the competitive edge of both economies. The Institute believes the time is ripe for the creation of a ‘think-tank’ devoted to assessing the current state of the Italian-Australian media, in order to help strengthen and improve its function and purpose by addressing the needs of second and third generation Italian Australians. The Institute intends adding its efforts to those of other organizations to assist the older-generation Italians, our migrant pioneers. It wishes to see a broadening of health education programs in Italian and regional languages, wherever necessary. At the Conference, the afternoon workshops confronted and argued over topics as varied as Italy’s globalization and ‘campanilismo’ in Australia; being gay as a ‘handicap’ on top of being Italian, and then again, what it is like being an Italophile; migrant women as mainstays of the past but even more as capital for the future; and the question, ‘does Italian have a future at all in Australia?’

Thank you to all involved.

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cdddDc cddH‰c Rino Grollo Chairman Final Recommendations of the Conference

The Italian Australian Institute will establish a national structure aimed at advancing the interests of Italian-Australian wherever they may live and work across the continent, and will collaborate with existing organisations. Participants in the inaugural conference of the Italian Australian Institute, meeting in Melbourne on 24, 25, 26 May 2000 voted unanimously for the following recommendations: • support for dual citizenship • working holiday visas for young people in both countries • increased government funding for Italian language and other programs in Australian universities • greater focus on issues concerning young people and women • regular briefings for the Australian media on Italian-Australian matters • establishment of a media monitoring service to review how Italian-Australians are depicted in the Australian media • the creation of a national research centre dedicated to the history and culture of Italian-Australians • better cultural links between Italy and Australia, including the provision of scholarships for young people • the documentation of Italian-Australian culture in all its forms • working with the Italian-Australian media to promote a more informed dialogue between the generations in the Italian- Australian community • the identification of mutual competitive advantage. As economies, Italy and Australia have much more to offer each other, one as the gateway to a unified Europe, and the other as a route into the Asia-Pacific region. The Institute could play a role in working with peak business bodies in both countries to help them understand the symmetry in this economic relationship, as well as the opportunities open to business operators.

Gaspare Sirianni Executive Director 26th May 2000

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c†Rd cUdd cdwc The Rediscovery of Italianness. H.E. Dr. Giovanni Castellaneta, Ambassador of Italy

I am honoured to be present at the inaugural conference of the IAI. The Conference’s very title, “In Search of the Italian Australian into the New Millenium”, stands as a clear invitation to look to the future of the Italo- Australian community and, so to the special relationship that binds Italy and Australia.

The Rediscovery of Italianness Over the last few years we have seen our expatriate communities all over the world involved in the process of rediscovering what it is to be Italian. We see it happening daily in Canberra and in Buenos Aires, in New York as well as São Paolo, Brazil. The number of requests for the reacquisition of Italian citizenship have been increasing. And above all what has been striking is how in particular young people are applying for Italian passports. Some do it for economic reasons, others for reasons of sentiment, but all of them do it because they want to re-establish ties with the birthplace of their ancestors. They want to learn more about the culture and language of their country of origin. Even in the earliest destinations for migrating Italians, like the United States and Argentina, the descendants of those migrants are beginning to take an interest in their roots. The third and fourth generations have started wondering about their origins, wondering about those surnames replete with vowels, which frequently are the unmistakable sign of belonging to this or that group. Several factors explain this resurgence of interest. The first is the modern flow of information and the enhanced facility of communication with Italy. It is not a cliché to repeat that today the world is a small place and that, thanks to communication technology, the planet is being transformed into a global village. One hundred years ago, immigrants could hope at most to receive a rare letter from a loved one back home. They depended on these letters just to garner some news of what was happening in Italy. Today, you can hear the latest from Italy wherever you are in the world, and keeping in touch with relatives and loved ones is easier than it has ever been. La Riscoperta dell’Italianità S.E. Dott. Giovanni Castellaneta, Ambasciatore d’Italia

Sono onorato di partecipare alla conferenza inaugurale dell’IAI. Il titolo stesso della conferenza, “In search of the Italian Australian into the New Millenium”, è un chiaro invito a guardare al futuro della comunità italo australiana e quindi anche dei legami speciali che uniscono Italia e Australia.

La Riscoperta dell’Italianità Negli ultimi anni abbiamo assistito ad una vera e propria riscoperta dell’Italianità da parte di tutte le componenti della nostra comunità all’estero. Lo vediamo quotidianamente, a Canberra come a Buenos Aires, a New York come a San Paolo del Brasile. Sempre più numerose sono le richieste di riacquisto di cittadinanza. Ed è sopratutto impressionante constatare come siano specialmente i giovani a chiederci di riavere il passaporto italiano. Alcuni lo fanno per ragioni economiche. Altri, per ragioni sentimentali. Tutti, perché vogliono ristabilire un legame con la patria dei loro antenati. Vogliono sapere di più sulla lingua e la cultura del loro paese di origine. Persino nei paesi di più antica emigrazione, come gli Stati Uniti e l’Argentina, i discendenti dei primi emigrati hanno ripreso ad interessarsi alle loro radici. Le terze e quarte generazioni hanno cominciato ad interrogarsi sulle proprie origini, su quei cognomi con tante vocali che spesso costituiscono un marchio inequivocabile di appartenenza. Diversi fattori spiegano questa rinascita di interesse. Il primo è la circolazione delle informazioni e la maggiore facilità di comunicare con l’Italia. Non è una battuta dire che ormai il mondo si è ristretto e che la terra, grazie ai mezzi di comunicazione, si sta sempre più trasformando in un “villagio globale.” Cento anni fa, chi emigrava aveva al massimo la speranza di ricevere qualche rara lettera da amici e parenti lasciati in patria. Ai racconti di questi si doveva affidare anche per avere un riflesso di cosa succedesse in Italia. Oggi, in qualsiasi angolo del mondo si possono avere notizie fresche dall’Italia. E con facilità ancora maggiore si possono mantenere i contatti con i parenti e gli affetti. xxvi

The second factor is what I would call the ‘rediscovery of Italy’. Mass tourism and ease of travel have made us all potential Marco Polo’s. There are no longer huge sacrifices to be made or great costs to be met for anyone simply wishing to travel. This has allowed many people of Italian descent to rediscover their country of origin as well as a sense of pride for an artistic and cultural heritage that is unequalled. It has also allowed a large number of people to visit Italy, to experience it for themselves, as it really is, and be fascinated by it. Few of those stereotypes that our fellow countrymen and women have understandably often fought to repudiate - even to the extent of hiding the fact that they were Italian - are left intact in the face of our country’s dazzling show of historical, cultural and spiritual greatness. The third factor responsible for the ‘rediscovery of Italianness’, is what I would call the dual success story of Italy and Italians abroad. Rising out of the ruins of the Second World War, Italy became one of the big players on the stage of the world economy. Its image, its creativity and increasingly its capacity to lead, have won over the world. At the same time, Italians living abroad became valuable members of society and, prepared to make enormous sacrifice, gained positions of importance. Generation after generation adapted, became integrated and finally achieved the successes it was due in the countries which have welcomed them in. Allowing for a few rather obvious exaggerations, I think the film “Looking for Alibrandi” illustrates this process quite well. It is a film set in Australia but it could be describing the vicissitudes of an Italian family anywhere in the world. It describes their initial difficulties, as well as the little humiliations, their gradual assimilation and finally their complete integration very well. In short, it is a realistic depiction of the gradual transformation of an Italian family surrounded by the different culture and language of another country. It is an inevitable transformation that does not, however, obliterate underlying family traits. Without knowing it, perhaps without even suspecting it, even young Josie Alibrandi, carries her unmistakable Italianness within herself like personal baggage; it is a ‘cultural code’, an ancient heritage, an inner richness no one can steal from her. One day she, or perhaps even her daughter, will rediscover it; and she will feel the pride of belonging to a culture millennially-old, one that expresses some of the finest achievements of human civilization. The history of Italy and the history of the Italians are inextricably woven together. History on a grand scale is no more than the sum of millions of personal stories. Italy has flourished over these last decades. xxvii

Il secondo fattore è quello che definirei la “riscoperta dell’Italia”. Il turismo di massa e la facilità degli spostamenti hanno fatto di tutti noi dei potenziali Marco Polo. Non sono più necessari gli immensi sacrifici o gli altissimi costi di un tempo per chi voglia viaggiare. Questo ha permesso in primo lougo a molti discendenti di italiani di riscoprire il proprio Paese di origine e di sentire tutto l’orgoglio di un patrimonio artistico e culturale ineguagliable. In secondo luogo, ha permesso ad un gran numero di persone di visitare l’Italia, di conoscerla per quello che è, di restarne affascinati. Pochi stereotipi – quegli stereotipi da cui alcuni nostri connazionali, comprensibilmente, hanno cercato di difendersi, anche a costo di “nascondere” le proprie origini italiane – possono resistere alla abbagliante dimostrazione della grandezza storica, culturale, spirituale del nostro paese. Il terzo fattore alla base della “riscoperta della italianità è quello che definirei la “doppia success story” dell’Italia e degli Italiani all’estero. L’Italia è risorta dale macerie della Seconda Guerra Mondiale diventando uno dei Paesi di punta della economia mondiale. La sua immagine, la sua creatività, e sempre più anche che la sua capacità di leadership hanno conquistato il mondo. Parallelamente, anche gli Italiani all’estero hanno saputo farsi valere, hanno conquistato spesso con grandi sacrifici dei posti di rilievo. Generazione dopo generazione si sono prima adattati, poi integrati ed infine sempre più affermati nei Paesi che li hanno accolti. Al di là di qualche spunto di colore un po’ “calcato”, trovo che il film Looking for Alibrandi costituisca una buona descrizione di questo processo. E’ un film australiano ma che potrebbe descrivere le vicissitudini di una famiglia italiana in qualsiasi parte del mondo. Ne descrive bene le difficoltà iniziali, persino le piccole umiliazioni, la graduale assimilazione, fino alla completa integrazione. Insomma, un quadro realistico che racconta la graduale trasformazione di un nucleo familiare italiano in un paese di lingua e cultura diversa. Una trasformazione inevitabile che però non cancella alcuni elementi di fondo. Anche la giovane Alibrandi, senza saperlo, forse senza nemmeno sospettarlo, porta con sè un bagaglio di italianità indelebile: un “codice culturale”, un patrimonio antico, una ricchezza interiore di cui nessuno potrà privarla. Un giorno, lei o forse persino sua figlia, lo riscoprirà. E sentira’ l’orgoglio di appartenere ad una cultura millenaria, che ha espresso alcune fra le vette più elevate della civiltà mondiale. Le storie dell’Italia e le storie degli Italiani procedono di pari passo. La “grande storia” in fin dei conti non è che la somma di milioni di storie individuali. In questi decenni, l’Italia è cresciuta. E così hanno fatto gli xxviii

So too have Italians both at home and abroad. Their lives keep converging, intersecting and becoming a source of mutual strength.

The Rediscovery Of The Italians This reawakened desire for Italianness is advantageous for re-establishing relations between Italy and the world community. If Italians have rediscovered Italy, Italy has rediscovered Italians abroad. Let us be clear: Italy has never forgotten its sons and daughters scattered throughout the world. Nevertheless, in order to keep up with their ever-growing needs, expectations and feelings, Italy has had to alter profoundly its philosophical position over the last few years and to the extent that I would call it well and truly a revolution in attitude of Copernican magnitude. In the past, our migrants, who had often left for economic reasons, were in need above all of ‘assistance’. The infrastructure set in place by Italian governments was, therefore, of a social welfare nature. Thank heaven, Italian communities abroad no longer need this sort of assistance. Clearly, it has come of age and is able to stand on its own two feet. Barring some exceptions, it does not need protecting or paternalistic attitudes. As things stand today, what Italian communities abroad need is ‘recognition’: recognition in that they exist, and for being Italian too; recognition for their contribution to their country of origin and to their host countries; recognition of their worth and their values; and, finally, recognition for being overall an invaluable inheritance for Italy. This is where what I previously called Italy’s “revolution in attitude of Copernican magnitude” has taken place: in its relationship with Italian communities abroad. 1999 was perhaps the key date in all this. I am referring in particular to the long-awaited approval of the constitutional reform that now opens the way for Italian citizens residing abroad to gain the right to vote at Italian elections. Thanks to this reform, all Italians who reside permanently outside Italy will be able to have their say. It is in this spirit that the first Conference of Italians in the World is to be organized next December, in Rome. The Conference will be accompanied by a series of artistic and cultural exhibitions which will be further testament to the values of these expatriate communities: a testament to their desire and their right to count for something. xxix

Italiani in patria ed all’estero. Le loro vicende si incontrano, si intrecciano inestricabilmente, si rafforzano a vicenda.

La Riscoperta degli Italiani Questa “italianità di ritorno” favorisce un rilancio dei rapporti fra l’Italia e la comunità nel mondo. Se gli italiani hanno riscoperto l’Italia, quest’ultima ha riscoperto gli italiani all’estero. Intendiamoci, l’Italia non ha mai dimenticato i suoi figli sparsi per il mondo. Tuttavia, negli ultimi anni, per restare al passo con l’evoluzione delle loro esigenze, delle loro aspettative e dei loro sentimenti, l’Italia ha dovuto mutare profondamente la propria “filosofia”, con quella che definirei una vera e propria “rivoluzione copercernica”. In passato, la nostra emigrazione, spesso spinta da motivazioni economiche, aveva sopratutto bisogno di assistenza. Le strutture predisposte dall’Italia per sostenerla rispondevano quindi necessariamente ad una visione di tipo “assistenziale”. La comunità italiana all’estero, grazie al cielo, non ha più bisogno di essere “assistita”. Ormai è ampiamente maggiorenne e cammina benissimo sulle proprie gambe. Non ha bisogno, se non in casi eccezionali, né di tutele né di atteggiamenti paternalistici. Quello di cui ha bisogno la nostra comunità oggi come oggi è soprattutto il riconoscimento. Riconoscimento della propria esistenza e della propria italianità; riconoscimento del contributo cha ha saputo dare al Paese d’origine ed ai Paesi che l’hanno ospitata; riconoscimento del proprio valore e dei propri valori; riconoscimento, infine, del patrimonio inestimable che essa rappresenta per l’Italia nel suo complesso. È in questo contesto che si colloca quella che ho prima definito la “rivoluzione copernicana” dell’Italia nei confronti della comunità all’estero. Il 1999 ne è stato forse la data chiave. Mi riferisco in particolare alla tanto attesa approvazione della modifica costituzionale che apre la strada al diritto di voto ai cittadini italiani residenti all’estero. Grazie ad essa, tutti gli italiani che si trovano fuori dai confini nazionali avranno una voce. Nello stesso spirito verrà organizzata a Roma, il prossimo dicembre, la prima Conferenza degli Italiani nel mondo. La Conferenza sarà accompagnata da una serie di manifestazioni artistiche e culturali. Un ulteriore riconoscimento dei valori della Comunità all’estero. Del suo desiderio e diritto di “contare”. xxx

The Italian Community in Australia. The processes I have outlined above also apply, and perhaps more so, to the situation of particular interest to us: that of Italians in Australia. I say all the more so because of all the Italian communities throughout the world, the one in Australia, at least where the bulk of migrants is concerned, is the result of a very ‘recent’ immigration phenomenon. In North and South America it is the fourth and fifth generations that are rediscovering Italy. In Australia it is the third generation that is venturing out onto the world stage. If we count the descendants of the first immigrants and children of mixed marriages, Italian blood runs through at least 2 million Australian citizens: ten percent of the overall population. Australians of Italian origin are present in the Arts, in the Sciences, in the professions, in business, in sport and in politics. In all of these areas they have contributed greatly to public life. The contributions made by prominent personalities has been particularly visible. But no less far- reaching, and perhaps even more fundamental, has been the role of the average person. Italo-Australians have influenced the Australian way of life enormously. They have made it what it is today: a busy point of intersection for Anglo- Saxon customs, with a sense of Mediterranean style, frontier spirit and a desire for innovation. Through their work ethic they have contributed to the growth of this nation. Indeed, they have been at least partly responsible for laying the foundations. On the basis of this we see how a special relationship between Australia and Italy is justified. I shall not dwell here on the positive nature of political relations between the two countries. I would only like to remind you of the experience of East Timor. As you all know, Italy contributed a contingent of 600 men to the INTERFET force; there were 200 parachutists, 2 transport planes and an amphibious vessel. The collaboration between Italian and Australian forces on the ground was exemplary and more than once the Australian command acknowledged the importance of the Italian contribution. If we decided to take part in a drama so far removed from our strategic priorities, it is also due to the particular type of relationship that we believe we need to build with Australia by virtue of the fact that there are many citizens of Italian origin in this country. xxxi

La Comunità Italiana d’Australia I processi che ho delineato sopra valgono anche, e forse a maggior ragione, per la realtà che ci interessa più da vicino, quella degli italiani d’Australia. Dico a maggior ragione anche perché fra le comunità italiane nel mondo, quella australiana è, almeno nella sua parte numericamente più consistente, una immigrazione “giovane”. Nelle Americhe sono ormai le quarte e quinte generazioni quelle che “riscoprono” l’Italia. In Australia è la terza generazione quella che si affaccia sul palcoscenico del mondo. Se contiamo i discendenti dei primi immigrati ed i figli di matrimoni misti, il “sangue italiano” scorre nelle vene di almeno 2 milioni di cittadini australiani: il dieci per cento della popolazione globale. Gli australiani di origine italiana sono presenti nel campo delle arti, delle scienze, delle professioni, degli affari, dello sport e della politica. In ognuna di queste aree essi hanno dato un grande contributo alla vita pubblica. Particolarmente “visibile” è stato l’apporto di alcune personalità di spicco. Ma non inferiore, ed anzi forse persino più capillare è stato quello delle persone comuni. Con la lora presenza, gli italo-australiani hanno influito enormemente sullo stile di vita australiano. Ne hanno fatto quello che è oggi: un vitale incrocio fra costumi anglosassoni, stile mediterraneo, spirito di frontiera e volontà di innovazione. Con il loro lavoro, hanno contribuito alla crescita di questa nazione. Anzi, ne hanno forgiato almeno in parte le fondamenta. Su queste basi ci sono le premesse per un rapporto privilegiato fra Australia ed Italia. Non starò a dilungarmi qui sul carattere positivo delle relazioni politiche fra i due paesi. Vorrei solo ricordare qui la vicenda di Timor Est. Come voi tutti sapete, l’Italia ha contribuito alla forza internazionale INTERFET con un contingente di 600 uomini, tra cui 200 paracadutisti, due aerei da trasporto e una nave anfibia. La collaborazione sul terreno fra forze australiane ed italiane è stata esemplare e più volte il comando australiano ha riconosciuto l’importanza del contribuito italiano. Se abbiamo deciso di intervenire in un teatro così lontano da quello entro il quale si collocano le nostre priorità strategiche, ciò lo si deve anche al rapporto particolare che riteniamo di dover costruire con l’Australia in virtù della presenza in questo paese di tanti cittadini di origine italiana. xxxii

I believe this sense of a friendship between us is reciprocal. With this in mind, I would like to underline how the Australian Government has been quick to support the right of Italians resident here, including voters holding dual citizenship, to vote in Italian elections. This is further proof of the excellent relationship between the two countries.

Prospects So is everything fine? Is everything perfect? We live in the best of possible worlds, but can we derive comfort from the success of the Australian community and the good state of relations between our two countries? Not really, or rather, not enough. The Italian community should not simply be satisfied with the success it has achieved. Without doubt, we can look back and feel great satisfaction, but the time has come to look to the future and find a way to strengthen the active participation of Italians in the life of this country. Thinking also of the significance of the celebrations to come for the centenary of Australian Federation and, therefore, having in mind the contribution that each ethnic group has made to the development of this country, I believe that the Italian authorities and the local community need to implement a three-stage plan involving (i) knowing who we are, (ii) letting others know who we are, and (iii) acting accordingly. Firstly, let us consider ‘knowing who we are’. We need to quantify our numbers, to carry out further research to trace more thoroughly the history and the geography of the Italian community in Australia. We need to take account of mixed marriages and changes to surnames and of the lineage of the first immigrants. We must not forget that the first Italians arrived here in 1850, approximately 150 years ago when maps of Australia were still imprecise and well before the idea of national independence had ever taken hold. We have to embrace a more complete notion of Italianness, one that goes beyond mere nationality and underscores the importance of blood and cultural ties. It is not a passport that identifies an Italian but how we feel inside. Secondly, we come to ‘letting others know who we are’. In this area we can and we must do a lot more. The word ‘Italy’ is not only synonymous with fashion and cuisine, it denotes culture. On its own Italy holds more than fifty percent of the world’s artistic heritage. ‘Italy’ stands for industrial production, scientific endeavour, great intellectual activity, and sport: everything that constitutes a modern, vital nation with a glorious past though Italy does not live in that past but rather learns from it in order to build a better future. xxxiii

Ritengo che questo sentimento di amicizia sia ricambiato. A tal proposito vorrei sottolineare come il governo australiano abbia subito concesso l’autorizzazione all’esercizio di voto all’estero da parte degli italiani qui residenti, anche agli elettori in possesso di doppia cittadinanza – ulteriore prova dell’ottimo stato dei rapporti fra i due paesi.

Le Prospettive Allora, tutto bene, tutto perfetto? Viviamo nel migliore dei mondi possibili e possiamo cullarci dei successi della comunità italiana e del buono stato delle relazioni fra i nostri due paesi? Non proprio. O meglio: non abbastanza. La comunità italiana non deve solo compiacersi dei successi di quello che ha fatto. Possiamo senz’altro guardare indietro con estrema soddisfazione, ma si tratta ora di guardare al futuro e trovare il modo di rafforzare e rendere organica la presenza italiana in Australia. Pensando anche al significato delle prossime celebrazioni del centernario della Federazione australiana, e quindi al contributo che ogni singola etnia ha dato allo sviluppo di questo Paese, ritengo che tre debbano essere le linee di azione delle autorità e della comunità italiane. Le riassumerò con tre termini: conoscersi, farsi conoscere ed esserci. Prima di tutto: conoscersi. Occorre contarsi, approfondire le ricerche per avere una mappatura completa della storia e della geografia della comunità italiana di Australia. Bisogna tenere conto dei matrimoni misti, dei cambiamenti di cognome, della discendenza dei primisssimi immigrati. Non dobbiamo dimenticare che i primi italiani sono arrivati qui nel 1850. Circa 150 anni fa, quando le carte geografiche dell’Australia erano ancora confuse e ben prima che in questo paese sorgesse una idea di indipendenza nazionale. Dobbiamo quindi adottare una nozione più completa di italianità, che prescinda da quella di nazionalità e valorizzi i legami di sangue e culturali. Non è il passaporto che fa gli italiani, ma il cuore (ndr:!!!) Secondo: farsi conoscere. In questo campo si può e si deve fare molto di più. L’Italia non è solo cucina e moda. È anche cucina. È anche moda. Ma non è solo questo. L’Italia è cultura – il Paese che da solo detiene oltre il cinquanta per cento del patrimonio artistico mondiale. È produzione industriale, traguardi scientifici, fermento intellettuale, sport: tutto ciò che fa una nazione moderna e vitale, che affonda le proprie radici in un passato glorioso non per cullarsi ma per trovare nuova linfa per i traguardi futuri. xxxiv

I am frequently surprised at how little we seem to know about Italy in Australia. A few who have travelled are aware of the extraordinary reality Italy is. But most have only a very vague and approximate idea. Partly to help redress this lack of awareness, the Italian authorities are adopting a series of measures. Firstly, we are looking to encourage not only the flow of tourism, but also student exchange programs between Italy and Australia. In this context we are also working towards a reciprocal agreement on working holidays to allow young Italians and Australians to explore the whole gamut of what their respective countries offer, while at the same time being able to finance their own trips. We are continuing to secure substantial resources for the promotion of the Italian language and culture. There are six offices responsible for the school sector attached to our Consulates, 21 associations responsible for supporting Italian language studies, two Institutes of Culture, numerous regional associations and 20 government-sponsored lecturers. This is a considerable financial and infrastructural investment that will be subsequently increased coinciding with the Olympics in Sydney and the centenary of Federation. We are working towards important cultural initiatives where these two particular events are concerned, initiatives that should contribute to a further enhancement of Italy’s image in Australia. As you may have noticed, our efforts are aimed above all at the younger generation because the type of relationship that exists between Italy and Australia in the future will depend on their efforts. However, we shall not neglect the needs of the older generation. This commitment is important but it is not enough. We also have to work on the media and be involved with the day-to-day. This is something that only Italian Australians can do. On this point I can only offer a few suggestions. As far as the relationship with the media is concerned, I think that an interesting idea might be to create an association of journalists of Italian origin. There are many organizations like this all over the world. Naturally they represent loose groupings of individuals and are non-partisan in nature because their important contribution is to the unfettered dissemination ideas. There are many of journalists of Italian origin in Australia but no one has thought to bring them together to get to know each other, share ideas, discuss strategies for how best to reach their public as well as the perception of Italians in Australia. And yet journalists are among the most influential conveyors of images and thoughts. xxxv

Spesso con sorpresa mi rendo conto di quanto poco si sappia dell’Italia in Australia. Una minoranza, che ha viaggiato, ne conosce gli straordinari pregi. Molti ne hanno però un’idea assolutamente vaga ed approssimativa. Per ovviare in parte a queste lacune, le autorità italiane stanno predisponendo una serie di strumenti. In primo luogo, stiamo cercando di incoraggiare non solo i flussi turistici ma anche lo scambio di studenti fra Italia ed Australia. In quest’ottica stiamo anche lavorando a un accordo di reciprocità sulle vacanze-lavoro per permettere ai giovani italiani e australiani di esplorare le realtà dei rispettivi paesi e al contempo finanziarsi il viaggio. Stiamo poi continuando ad assicurare risorse consistenti per la promozione della cultura e della lingua italiana: sei Uffici Scolastici presso i nostri Consolati, 21 associazioni per la diffusione della lingua italiana, due Istituti di Cultura, numerosissime associazioni regionali, circa venti lettori. Uno sforzo consistente in termini finanziari e di strutture, che sarà ulteriormente incrementato in coincidenza con le Olimpiadi di Sydney e durante il centenario della Federazione. Per queste occasioni stiamo lavorando a grosse iniziative culturali che dovrebbero contribuire ad un ulteriore “balzo di qualità” dell’immagine dell’Italia in Australia. I nostri sforzi sono mirati sopratutto ai giovani, come avrete notato, perché è su di loro che si fonderà l’avvenire delle relazioni fra l’Italia e l’Australia. Ma non trascureremo nemmeno le esigenze delle generazioni più mature. Questo impegno è importante, ma da solo non basta. Occorre anche lavorare molto sui media e nella vita di tutti i giorni. E questo è qualcosa che soltanto gli italo-australiani possono fare. Su questo punto posso solo limitarmi a dare qualche spunto. Per quanto riguarda il rapporto con i media, ritengo che uno strumento interessante potrebbe essere la creazione di una associazione dei giornalisti di origine italiana. Organizzazioni di questo genere esistono in moltissimi paesi del mondo. Naturalmente hanno carattere esclusivamente associativo e non esprimono posizioni “di parte”, ma danno un importante contribuito alla circolazione delle idee. In Australia ci sono molti giornalisti di origine italiana, ma nessuno ha mai pensato di fare in modo che si possano incontrare, confrontarsi, scambiare delle idee, discutere sulla strategia di comunicazione e sulla percezione degli italiani in Australia. Eppure sono proprio loro, i giornalisti, fra i più importanti “promotori di immagine”. Ritengo quindi che sarebbe sicuramente opportuna una iniziativa che permetta di aggregarli. xxxvi

Therefore, I believe it is really an opportune time to launch such an initiative as this, that is, aimed at bringing them together. The glossy magazine, “Italy Down Under“, could be just the vehicle to showcase the face of the ‘new’ Italy. Naturally the embassy would do its part. Another avenue to explore relates to television and film. I have already mentioned the movie “Looking for Alibrandi” but around the world there are other, more stunning examples. In Brazil, for instance, Italmania has been all the rage for months since a large, Brazilian TV station started showing a soapie called “Terra mia” which recounts the tale of Italian immigration to Brazil. The characters speak in a strange hybrid dialect of Venetian-Brazilian, or Sicilian- Brazilian; but they are very convincing. Notably, their popularity is universal, cutting across socio-economic groupings. Interest had obviously hit fever-pitch when McDonald’s created two new hamburgers: the “Mc Buono” and the “Mc Bello”. “Terra Mia” is just one example of what could be done through the medium of television. So, I ask myself: why should it not be possible to do something similar here in Australia? Up to this point we have examined what it means to know ourselves and how to get others to know us. But there is another directive we need to follow if we want to count for something; and it is expressed by the verb I employed earlier: ‘to act’. We all know that Italy is a country famous for its bell towers (famous, that is, for having many voices, making a lot of noise). According to a joke that has been around I gather for a while, take any two Italians you like and you will automatically have three political parties. Still, pluralism should not be confused with chaos. To count for something and make your voice heard, at a certain point you need, if not to speak with one voice exactly, then to present a united front. This is why there is a desperate need for a representative forum, an umbrella organization that can rally all the Italians in Australia. In other countries such as Brazil, Argentina, Canada, the USA, the third and fourth generations are providing the leadership in their communities, even though sometimes the leaders in question do not even speak Italian but are united by the sense of having a shared ethnicity, a heritage in common. It should be a lot easier to shape this sense of a collective in Australia, given that the country has only ‘recently’ been a destination for migrants. The prototype ought to be the NIAF in the United States and like organizations which can be found in other countries throughout the world. xxxvii

Un veicolo di coesione potrebbe essere la stessa rivista Italy Down Under che si propone, nella sua veste di “glossy magazine”, di promuovere il volto della ”nuova Italia”. Ma naturalmente anche l’Ambasciata sarebbe pronta a fare la sua parte. Un’altra strada da percorrere è quella delle produzioni televisive e cinematografiche. Ho già citato l’esempio di Looking For Alibrandi. Ma in giro per il mondo vi sono degli esempi ancora più eclatanti. In Brasile, per esempio, da mesi imperversa la “Italia-mania”. Fin da quando una grossa emittente brasiliana ha cominciato a trasmettere la telenovela Terra mia. Terra mia narra proprio le storie di italiani immigrati in Brasile. I suoi protagonisti parlano con uno strano accento veneto-brasiliano o siculo-brasiliano, ma sono molto credibili. Soprattutto, spopolano in tutte le fasce di popolazione. La “febbre” è arrivata a tal punto che McDonald’s ha creato per l’occasione due nuovi hamburgher: “Mc Buono” e “Mc Bello”… Terra mia è soltanto un esempio di cosa si possa fare attraverso la televisione. Perché, mi chiedo, non dovrebbe essere possible fare qualcosa del genere in Australia? Fin qui il “conoscersi e farsi conoscere”, secondo la formula che ho utilizzato prima. Ma vi è un’altra direttrice che occorre perseguire se si vuole contare: quella che ho sintetizzato nel verbo “esserci”. Si sa, l’Italia è il Paese dei campanili: “prendi due italiani ed avrai tre partiti politici”, secondo una battuta che credo circoli da tempo. Pure, il pluralismo non va confuso con la dispersione. Per contare e per farsi sentire bisogna ad un certo punto essere in grado non dico di esprimersi, ma almeno di presentarsi in maniera unitaria. Per questo si fa sempre più pressante l’esigenza di un foro rappresentativo, un’organizzazione “ombrello” che raccolga tutti gli italiani d’Australia. In altri Paesi (Brasile, Argentina, Canada, USA), le stesse terze-quarte generazioni hanno preso la guida della comunità, qualche volta senza nemmeno conoscere la lingua, ma unite dal sentimento di una comune origine, di una cultura comune. In Australia, terra di immigrazione più recente, creare una aggregazione di questo genere dovrebbe essere ancora più agevole. Il modello dovrebbe essere quello della NIAF statunitense e di analoghe associazioni che esistono in molti altri Paesi del mondo. xxxviii

Like them, the foundation or association or council of Italian Australians should be distinguished as follows: • it should be run entirely by Italo-Australians and be financially self- sufficient; • it should represent all areas of Australia and all Italians and Italo- Australians; • it should be supportive of the careers of the best Italo-Australians as they move variously into politics and economics, choose social and cultural paths, or the arts and sport. If I had to express a wish to see something before my term as Italian Ambassador to Australia is up, it would be just this: to see a foundation established for all Italians in Australia. I am convinced this would benefit greatly everyone in our local community as well as bolster the relationship between Italy and Australia. The I.A.I. is an important step in this direction and I congratulate all those who have shared the dream and made it happen. A body along the lines of the NIAF (National Italian American Foundation) model is that bit closer, even if there is still a lot of work to be done, I know. We have been privy to the first, concrete signs of it today; they demonstrate that this foundation for Italian Australians is the real thing and not a mirage. With everyone helping, it will fulfill its promise; it will unite our community with renewed purpose, strength and pride. xxxvix

Come queste, la Fondazione, Associazione o Consiglio degli italiani d’Australia dovrebbe rispondere alle seguenti caratteristiche: • essere gestita interamente da italo-australiani ed essere autonoma finanziariamente; • essere rappresentativa di tutte le realta’ geografiche australiane e di tutti gli italiani e italo-australiani; • raccogliere il meglio della collettività italo-australiana in campo politico, economico, sociale, culturale, scientifico, artistico, sportivo. Se dovessi esprimere un desiderio per questo mio mandato di Ambasciatore d’Italia in Australia sarebbe proprio questo: prima di lasciare questo Paese vorrei veder nascere e promuovere una fondazione per tutti gli italiani d’Australia. Sono convinto che l’insieme della nostra comunità ne beneficierebbe enormemente. E così anche le relazioni fra l’Italia e l’Australia. La IAI è un importante passo in questa direzione e mi felicito con quanti l’hanno fortemente voluta e realizzata. Il traguardo della NIAF mi sembra ora un passo più vicino, anche se sono consapevole che il lavoro da fare sia molto. Le prime realizzazioni concrete cui oggi assistiamo dimostrano che quello della fondazione degli italiani d’Australia è un progetto concreto e non un miraggio. Con il contribuito di tutti, sapremo tramutarlo in realtà: sapremo fare in modo che la nostra comunità trovi finalmente le ragioni, la forza e l’orgoglio della sua unità. Parliamentary Notes

The Hon. Phillip Barresi MP The Hon. Brian Pezzutti MP The Hon. Carmel Zollo MP Statement By Members of Parliament Hon. Phillip Barresi MP

Mr BARRESI (Deakin) —Twenty-five years ago, an organisation was born in the United States called the National Italian American Foundation. Its specific purpose was to educate both Italian Americans and other American citizens on the Italian culture, language and traditions. Today NIAF, located in Washington DC, donates over $US 1 million in scholarships to help young American kids pursue their education of all things Italian. Last week the President of NIAF, Mr Joseph Cerrell, joined an illustrious group of Australians in the Italian Australian Institute’s inaugural conference in Melbourne. The conference entitled In Search of the Italian Australian into the New Millennium had an ambitious agenda with over 40 respected speakers from both Australia and overseas. In the end it was hailed as a success by all. I congratulate the chairman and founder, Rino Grollo, on his vision in creating IAI, often against much criticism. His task is now to make it a truly national and representative organisation. The creation of IAI has been a long-held dream for many, but at each previous attempt it has been hindered by personal ambition, lust for power, regional allegiances and even state parochialism. One may ask: why does the Italian Australian community feel the need to have such an organisation? After all, as the song says, `We are all Australians.’ There are a number of reasons. While the Italian Australian community may be more established than some others the stereotypes of Italian contributions still abound. Italian Australians are still considered great restaurateurs, cane growers, tobacco growers, concreters and perhaps some other more unsavoury occupations. People forget that a number of Italian Australians have made significant contributions in the fields of law, academia, politics, commerce and the arts. Many of these people were represented at the conference last week. The IAI will ensure that the Italian contribution that has improved our nation’s cultural diversity will be broadcast loud and clear. It will provide educational cultural funding to this end. And if the collective interests of the Italian Australian community is set back or prejudiced in any manner, then that injustice will be addressed. It is a function not too dissimilar to that xlii Hon. Phillip Barresi MP which is carried out by a number of organisations which look after the interests of the Jewish community. [start page 15782] This Sunday, as those of us of Italian descent celebrate the Italian National Day, let us, as Australians, be proud of our commitment to the prosperity and the future of this land. In doing so, however, let us not forget our heritage and ancestry for the contribution that they made to this great land, Australia. Italian Australian Institute Conference Legislative Council Proof Hansard Hon. Dr Brian. P. V. Pezzutti

The Hon Dr B. P. V. Pezzutti [11.07pm]: On Thursday and Friday of last week I was given leave of the house to attend the inaugural conference of the Italian Australian Institute, which is a new institute established in Victoria. The conference was launched by the Victorian Premier, during the visit by the President of the Republic of Italy. It was sponsored by the Consul-General, whom I met in Victoria. The objects of the organization are to represent and advance the interests of Italian Australians; to promote and preserve the Italian heritage and culture in Australia; to encourage teaching of the Italian language and culture in schools and universities; to help young Italian Australians with their education and careers; to work closely with government and Italian community groups; to conduct or sponsor research on issues related to the Italian Australian community; to strengthen cultural, economic, business and diplomatic links between Italy and Australia; to promote the appointment of Italian Australians in government, and to provide support and assistance to Italian Australians who have been so appointed; to help elderly and necessitous Italian Australians to obtain suitable welfare assistance and work opportunities; and to monitor the portrayal of Italian Australians in the news and media. The conference was hosted by the chairman, Mr Rino Grollo and his wife Diana Ruzzene-Grollo, in the presence of a large gathering of important individuals. Amongst the parliamentarians in attendance were Phillip Ruddock, Con Sciacca, Carlo Furletti, Morris Iemma – from this parliament – and a number of Victorian members of Parliament, Mr Tony Stayley and the Italian Ambassador, Dr Castellaneta. Lord Mayor Frank Sartor was a guest speaker on Friday in the presence of the Deputy Lord Mayor of Melbourne. Also present during the gathering were Diana Ruzzene-Grollo, Francis Cardinal George from Chicago, and Archbishop Pell. The guest speaker for lunch on Thursday was Justice Stephen Charles. A number of other ambassadors were also present. The whole organization was supported by a number of important sponsors with the acknowledged presence of many leading academics from across Australia, from the xliv Hon. Dr Brian P.V. Pezzutti

Australian National University, Deakin University, Monash University, The Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Swinburne University, the University of Melbourrne, the University of Southern Queensland, the University of Sydney, the University of Western Australia and Victoria University. There were a number of speakers from other universities as well. This was the first gathering of the Institute, which has an enormous future. It was held at the Park Hyatt in very pleasant surroundings and attended by a large number of people on different days. Whilst there, I had the opportunity to visit and look at some aged care facilities which had been set up by an Italian family and now handed over to a major public company. This major public company cares for people who are severely disabled in small group homes and in small settings with a very dedicated staff. It is an organization of the highest quality which should be replicated in New South Wales. I have invited the organization here to meet with Mrs Lo Po’ because I think it has something very definitely to offer here in New South Wales. The speakers were of a uniform high standard and acknowledged excellence within their own fields. The questions were most enlightening. I learnt an enormous amount from being there – about Italian culture and the two million Australians who have Italian background, but more importantly about the work that Italian Australians have to do to make this multicultural nation worthwhile to continue to live in, to be more inclusive of all the other national groups, which are of course smaller, and to ensure that multiculturalism is of benefit to both sides, for giving and for taking. It was a most extraordinary event. I pay tribute to Rino Grollo, his organization, and the director of the Institute, Mr Gaspare Sirianni, for a well-run, very positive experience. I believe that most of the people who attended would have come away from the conference thrilled to have been there and most enlivened by the conversations. Matter of Interest: Italian Australian Institute Conference Hon. Carmel Zollo JP MLC

The Hon Carmel Zollo: Along with the other members of this parliament of Italian heritage, I was invited to attend and participate in the inaugural conference of the Italian Australian Institute, held in Melbourne last week. I was pleased to be part of the conference on the last day and evening. The Institute was launched last year during the visit of the President of the Republic of Italy and is supported by the Italian Ambassador. The principal sponsor and driving force of the Institute is Mr Rino Grollo, prominent developer and Australian business identity. The Institute is a non-political, non-profit national organization devoted to the advancement of the interests of Australians of Italian background. The conference theme was “In search of the Italian Australian into the New Millennium,” which probably best sums up the aims and sentiments of the conference. The day I attended, the presenters and guest speakers ranged from the Most Reverend George Pell, Archbishop of Melbourne, to Professor Mary Kalantzis from RMIT University. Several women of Italian background from South Australia were guest speakers: Ms Paola Niscioli, a PhD student from Flinders University; Ms Lara Palombo, a PhD student from Adelaide University; and Ms Teresa Crea, the Artistic Director of Doppio Teatro. Statistics show that there are nearly two million people of Italian origin in Australia and that it is the largest non-English speaking community. Australia-wide, between first and second generations, the number is approximately 672,000. In South Australia, our first generation numbers 27,210, approximately, or 11.4 per cent of the first generation Australia- wide – a significant number. Our second generation numbers 37,715. Nearly 25 per cent of South Australians who were born in Italy do not speak English well: that is a significant factor in terms of access to and delivery of services, because almost one-third of this Italy-born group is over 65 years of age. Whilst we are all part of the living history of this nation, to a great extent the future and identity of the Italo-Australian community in Australia will be shaped by the second and third generations, with each generation wanting to shape its own identity. xlvi Hon. Carmel Zollo JP MLC

Among the interim list of conference recommendations, I was pleased to see the support for the Working Holiday Maker Program between Australian and Italy. Members will recall that I was the author of a motion sent from this chamber early last year to the Minister for Immigration and Cultural Affairs, supporting the continuation of talks for this program to become reality. I had reason to write to the minister recently regarding the government’s response to the Joint Standing Committee on Migration inquiry recommendations. As a result, the government agreed that, from 1 July 2000, access to the program should be limited to those countries with which Australia has a formal agreement. In the meantime, as an agreement is yet to be signed with Italy, many others in the Italo- Australian community and I are concerned that this discretion has been removed. Two hundred and fifty young people were previously granted visas under the scheme. Minister Ruddock responded last week, expressing his belief that a formal agreement with Italy should be happening in the very near future. I hope that this is the case. Two other important issues were canvassed at the conference: the creation of a national research center dedicated to the history and culture of Italian Australians; and better cultural links between Italy and Australia, including the provision of scholarships for young people. No culture can survive without the glue that binds it together – its language – so I was not surprised to see the call for stronger government funding for Italian language and other programs in Australian universities. We all appreciate that the wisdom of experience and age is important and should always be respected, but the world is both rapidly changing and becoming increasingly more global. The point was made by a participant that, if the Institute is to be the resounding success we all hope it will be, it will need to be truly national and include a fair gender representation, as well as the involvement of our young people. I wish the Institute every success and look forward to the formal presentation of the recommendations of the inaugural conference later this year.