ANNUAL REPORT 2019 ANNUAL REPORT2019

CONTENTS 2 2 2 3 36 38 40 42 Vision Mission Aims Overview Article: ‘Bright white National Priority Case Article: The Great Graduate and Early skeletons’: some Study: Great Barrier Barrier Reef outlook is Career Training Western Australian Reef Governance ‘very poor’. We have one reefs have the lowest last chance to save it coral cover on record

5 6 8 9 51 52 56 62 Director’s Report Research Impact and Recognition of 2019 Australian Graduate Profile: Article: “You easily National and Communications, Media Engagement Excellence of Centre Research Council Emmanuel Mbaru feel helpless and International Linkages and Public Outreach Researchers Fellowships overwhelmed”: What it’s like being a young person studying the Great Barrier Reef 10 16 17 18 66 69 73 87 Research Program 1: Researcher Profile: Article: The Cure to Research Program 2: Governance Membership Publications 2020 Activity Plan People and Ecosystems Danika Kleiber the Tragedy of the Ecosystem Dynamics, Commons? Cooperation Past, Present and Future

24 26 28 34 88 89 90 92 Researcher Profile: Article: The Great Research Program 3: Researcher Profile: Ove Financial Statement Financial Outlook Key Performance Acknowledgements Yves-Marie Bozec Barrier Reef was seen a Responding to a Hoegh-Guldberg Indicators ‘too big to fail.’ A study Changing World suggests it isn’t.

At the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies we acknowledge the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of this nation. We acknowledge the Traditional Owners of the lands and sea where we conduct our business. We pay our respects to ancestors and Elders, past, present and future. The ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies is committed to honouring Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ unique cultural and spiritual relationships to the land, waters and seas and their rich contribution to society.

COVER PHOTO DAVID WILLIAMSON THIS PHOTO VICTOR HUERTAS ANNUAL REPORT 2019 1 PHOTO SAMANTHA AIRD

VISION OVERVIEW

Providing scientific knowledge that fosters sustainable use, adaptive The ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies commenced operations governance and effective management of the world’s coral reefs to in 2014 following an award of $28 million from the Australian Research enhance human well-being. Council to fund the Centre for seven years. Headquartered at James Cook University (JCU), the Centre’s additional nodes are The Australian National University (ANU), The University of Queensland (UQ) and The University of Western Australia (UWA). Our national and international Partner Institutions are the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), the Center for Ocean Solutions at Stanford University (COS, USA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France), the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA), the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN, MISSION Switzerland) and WorldFish (Malaysia). In 2019, the Centre had collaborative links and co-authorships with 445 institutions in 69 countries.

To lead the global research effort in the provision of scientific knowledge The major objective of the Centre is to achieve a better understanding necessary for sustaining the ecosystem goods and services of the world’s of the science, social and natural, that underpins the dynamic changes coral reefs during a period of unprecedented environmental change. currently occurring on coral reefs worldwide. The Centre’s research is multifaceted and transdisciplinary. Improving the governance and management of natural systems and enhancing the capacity to sustain human and natural capital is an overarching goal of our research.

AIMS

The aims of the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies are:

RESEARCH RESEARCH TRAINING AND NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL IMPACTS AND END-USER GOVERNANCE Produce research that is world-best, PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION LINKAGES ENGAGEMENT Continuously evolve Centre innovative, collaborative, multi- Build human capacity and expertise Create a global hub for integrated Exchange and transfer knowledge, management to ensure it is effective, disciplinary and highly relevant to in coral reef science worldwide. coral reef research collaborations. technologies and research outcomes co-operative, multi-institutional and coral reef management, adaptive with end-users and partners. communicative. governance and policy development.

2 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 3 DIRECTOR’S REPORT

Welcome to the 2019 annual report of the Australian throughout 2019. In addition to our partnership with Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral the Australian Institute of Marine Science and the Great Reef Studies. Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, the ARC Centre has formal international partnership agreements with In 2019, the Centre’s membership comprised 69 Chief the Center for Ocean Solutions at Stanford University, Investigators, Research Fellows and Associates; 30 France’s Centre National de la Recherche Scientific Partner Investigators, resident international scholars (CNRS), and WorldFish in Malaysia. Our co-authors and adjunct researchers; and 170 research students in 2019 came from 445 institutions in 69 countries, (p69). Nine of the Centre’s researchers this year were reflecting the Centre’s continuously expanding ARC Fellows (Australian Laureate, Future and DECRA) international network of collaborators (p56). and one was an Advance Queensland Fellow. We welcomed ten new Research Fellows and Associates in In 2019, the Centre’s research outputs were published 2019, and 26 new graduate students from 14 countries. in a total of 187 journal titles that span many fields of research, reflecting the multidisciplinary breadth of At the time of writing, in early March 2020, we are our activities. We produced 411 publications this year, responding to a new severe incident of coral bleaching including 363 peer-reviewed journal articles. Since on the Great Barrier Reef, for the third time in the past 2014, our publications have increased by >30%, now 5 years. The ARC Centre will once more be undertaking exceeding one each day. Thirty-nine articles appeared rigorous aerial and underwater surveys to monitor this year in prestige journals such as Nature, Science the impact and address a range of research questions. and PNAS. ARC Centre researchers published 313 Two of our 2019 journal articles on coral bleaching, journal articles with cross-institutional co-authorship published in Nature and Nature Climate Change, were (p73). listed in the Altmetric Top 100 as articles that ‘most captured the public’s imagination’ during the year I’d like to express my sincere gratitude to our many (p73). friends around the world for their contributions to an outstanding year, and to the Centre’s Advisory Board, In 2019, Centre researchers provided 108 briefings our research partners and end-users from many across both the public and private sectors (p62). Our institutions in Australia and overseas. I am especially research findings continued to guide the agencies and grateful to Brian Walker and Mandy Thomas for their governments responsible for reef management, and long-standing, wise council on our Advisory Board the industries that depend on coral reefs. For example, (p66). in an article published in Nature (p38), researchers from the ARC Centre recommended a new, holistic approach Finally, in 2020 we all face the uncertainty caused by to safeguarding coral reefs – by focussing on the the COVID-19 pandemic. ARC Centre researchers are formal and informal governance of land as well as the already working from home, and we are responding ocean. Also in 2019, Centre researchers implemented quickly to manage the disruptions, care for each other, the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) to rapidly and remain as productive as possible over coming assess climate change risk to World Heritage sites in months. Australia, Azerbaijan, France, the United Kingdom, and elsewhere. Thank you very much for your support.

The Centre’s three research Program summaries Terry Hughes on pp10-37 provide an overview of our activities Director

4 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES PHOTO CHRISTOPHER BRUNNER ANNUAL REPORT 2019 5 RESEARCH IMPACT AND ENGAGEMENT

INFORMING GENDER INTEGRATION OUTREACH ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND CORAL BLEACHING DESIGNING MARINE RESERVE Danika Kleiber (p16) and Pip Cohen Terry Hughes delivered 19 talks and briefings on the Centre’s NETWORKS (WorldFish), co-led a three-day gender coral reef research at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Jorge Álvarez-Romero, in collaboration ASSESSING CLIMATE IMPACTS training workshop for researchers from UCLA, UCSB, UCSC, Stanford University, U. Oregon, U. with the Mexican civil society Jon Day and Scott Heron led a workshop to apply their Climate the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Kiribati and Washington, Friday Harbor Laboratories, Columbia University, organisation COBI, developed Vulnerability Index (CVI) to the ‘Heart of Neolithic Orkney’ UNESCO Timor L’Este. The workshop increased the U. Boston, U. Maine, U. Miami, Florida State University, Nova technical briefings about the proposed World Heritage Area. The CVI is a new methodology, developed by knowledge and skills of in-country fisheries University and the National Science Foundation. marine reserves for the Midriff Islands the ARC Centre, for rapidly assessing World Heritage properties officers on gender integration, with the goal Region. His advice was provided to (natural, cultural or mixed). of changing how fisheries officers collect people and organisations working in data, and interact with communities. BUILDING CAPACITY IN GENDER EDUCATION the region (e.g. fishers, government Danika Kleiber’s 2018 Coral Reef Futures Symposium talk was agencies, conservation NGOs) to used by Danya Glabau, Anthropologist of Medicine and support their decision-making. Technology, in her Science and Feminism Syllabus at New York University Tandon School of Engineering.

COMMONWEALTH’S OUTLOOK REPORT Terry Hughes was appointed to review the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority’s 2019 Outlook Report. Published every five years, the Outlook Report is a comprehensive assessment of the Great Barrier Reef’s health, pressures, and likely future and is central to the development of government policy. ERADICATING RATS Andrew Hoey advised local LEADING REEF PLANNING AND (American Samoan) and MANAGEMENT National (US) agencies on the Ove Hoegh-Guldberg and Terry Hughes importance of pest eradication are members of the Reef 2050 Plan IMPROVING WATER QUALITY and native vegetation Independent Expert Panel, which provides Jon Brodie prepared material included PLANNING MARINE PROTECTED AREAS restoration for islands and the scientific and expert advice related to the in the Australian Coral Reef Society Peter Mumby briefed chief technical surrounding reef environment. Great Barrier Reef, including support for submission to the Senate Rural and advisors to the Global Environment the implementation and review of the Reef Regional Affairs and Transport References Facility project in South-East Asia, on new 2050 Plan, and the Reef 2050 Water Quality Committee – regarding the identification tools for planning marine protected areas. Improvement Plan. The Panel also advises of leading farm practices for improving the Australian Government Minister for water quality outcomes on the Great the Environment and Energy on funding Barrier Reef. priorities for the Reef Trust. MONITORING AND MARINE RESERVE DEVELOPING FISHING POLICY INFORMING THE REEF 2050 PLAN PERFORMANCE Michele Barnes provided scientific advice to Robert Mason, Yves-Marie Bozec Garry Russ and PhD students Eva McClure scientists, fisheries managers, government (p24), Karlo Hock and Peter Mumby, and Katie Sievers advised GBRMPA on no- officials, and community stakeholder analysed benefits of local management take marine reserve performance under groups at Kenya’s Annual Fishers Forum on interventions under climate trajectories varying environmental and anthropogenic community-based management and policy for the Queensland Government’s influences. David Williamson, Garry Russ, development in small-scale fisheries. Office of the Great Barrier Reef. The Geoff Jones and Hugo Harrison also gave analysis was motivated by the need to a presentation to GBRMPA on progress BUILDING CAPACITY better understand the impacts of reef on long-term monitoring of GBR inshore Ryan Lowe leads ongoing strong research partnerships interventions to inform the revision of the reefs. with Indian Ocean island nations (especially Mauritius), Reef 2050 Plan. supported by the Mauritius government and Australia’s CONTROLLING CROWN-OF-THORNS Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. In 2019, these NETWORKING GBR RESEARCH AND STARFISH partnerships delivered international professional short MANAGEMENT Peter Mumby, George Roff, Karlo Hock and courses on the management of coral reef coastlines, David Wachenfeld (GBRMPA) and Alana Yves-Marie Bozec (p24) created a dataset attended by government officials, coastal engineers, Grech led 40 managers, researchers and which GBRMPA is using for management academics and NGOs. PhD students in a speed networking event and planning, including crown-of-thorns with the goal of facilitating introductions, starfish control. conversations and partnerships between GBRMPA and the ARC Centre. MANAGING FISHERIES SUPPORTING INDIGENOUS PLANNING NATIONAL INFLUENCING POLICY REDUCING MARINE TURTLE PhD student Kyle Hillcoat and Garry Russ PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT WELLBEING PARK ZONING DEVELOPMENT AND CETACEAN BYCATCH collaborated with colleagues from the Alana Grech, Jon Brodie and Terry Hughes Jorge Álvarez-Romero, in Michele Barnes is a Sue-Ann Watson provided Alana Grech advised the Queensland Department of Agriculture provided a report to the Innovation, collaboration with CSIRO and contributing member of the briefings on ocean Australian Government and and Fisheries (Northern Fisheries Centre} Tourism Development and Environment 50 Traditional Owners from 12 scientific reference group for acidification to policy authored a White Paper on to improve assessments of harvested Committee of the Queensland Parliament Indigenous groups, developed the Great Sandy Marine Park. makers in the Australian current gaps in reporting of coral reef fish. – on the Environmental Protection (Great and tested interactive mapping The group provides scientific Government. Terry Hughes turtle and cetacean bycatch, Barrier Reef Protection Measures) and Other tools to help inform and guide advice to assist Queensland briefed parliament on including recommendations REACHING OUT TO THE PUBLIC Legislation Amendment Bill 2019. Alana spatial planning in the Fitzroy River Parks and Wildlife and the the scientific evidence for to Commonwealth and Sue-Ann Watson’s research on biodiversity and Jon were invited witnesses at the catchment. The tools, supported by Queensland Department of climate change and its State governments for and global climate change was showcased Committee meeting in Townsville on 10th spatial data created by the Centre, Environment and Science in impacts so far on the Great the improved reporting of in the Natural Curiosity exhibition at the April 2019, to advise the parliamentary are contributing to assessing impacts reviewing the Great Sandy Barrier Reef. bycatch. Museum of Tropical Queensland from of future developments on the Marine Park Zoning Plan. inquiry into the Bill. April to November 2019. wellbeing of Indigenous peoples.

6 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 7 RECOGNITION OF EXCELLENCE OF CENTRE RESEARCHERS 2019 AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH COUNCIL FELLOWSHIPS

Six ARC Centre researchers, Ove Hoegh- Ove Hoegh-Guldberg was named on The Centre’s commitment to world-best science is constantly reflected in the calibre of its researchers. In 2019, Highlights of 43 Guldberg, Terry Hughes, Geoffrey Jones, Apolitical’s list of The world’s 100 most three of the Centre’s most outstanding researchers were awarded prestigious ARC Fellowships: Professor David awards received Philip Munday, John Pandolfi and Morgan influential people in climate policy. Ove Bellwood was awarded an Australian Laureate Fellowship, Dr Jennifer Donelson a Future Fellowship, and Dr were identified as 2019 Highly was also appointed as judge for the 2019 Michele Barnes received a Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA). by ARC Centre Pratchett, Cited Researchers by Clarivate Analytics, Queensland Premiers Award for Excellence ARC Fellowships are highly competitive. We congratulate our newly minted Fellows, noting the range of career of Excellence each ranking in the top 1% of researchers to Protect the Great Barrier Reef. stages and research focuses they represent. researchers worldwide for their citations. Their research has demonstrated a significant impact Sue-Ann Watson won the inaugural in 2019 through publication of multiple highly-cited Australian Marine Sciences Association papers during the past decade. North Queensland Communication Award for contribution to science communication, Terry Hughes was conferred an honorary and was the runner-up in the International Doctor in Science (honoris causa) from Trinity Society for Experimental Biology 2020 College, The University of Dublin, Ireland. President’s Medal for Animal Biology. She Hughes also led the National Coral Bleaching also won a Women in Leadership Australia Taskforce which was shortlisted for the Scholarship for the mid-career leadership Australian Museum’s Environment, Energy Executive Ready Programme 2019–2020. Professor David Bellwood FAA Dr Jennifer Donelson Dr Michele Barnes and Science Eureka prize. The Taskforce’s ARC Australian Laureate Fellow ARC Future Fellow ARC DECRA Fellow Nature paper ‘Global warming impairs stock– Rene Abesamis was a recipient of a 2019 Australian Alumni Excellence Award for his Only the highest-quality Future Fellows are recognised as The Discovery Early Career recruitment dynamics of corals’ was listed researchers of international repute excellent mid-career researchers Researcher Award (DECRA) is a contributions to Philippine and global on Carbon Brief’s ‘Top 10 climate papers most are considered for Australian undertaking high quality prestigious three-year fellowship for marine science. Australian Embassy awards featured in the media in 2019’. This paper and Laureate Fellowships, with research in areas of national early career researchers. It is highly their Nature Climate Change paper, ‘Ecological celebrate the exceptional achievements of up to 17 five-year Fellowships and international benefit. competitive, with only one in seven memory modifies the cumulative impact of Australian-educated Filipinos. awarded each year. The Fellows applicants being successful. Jenni’s work investigates the effects are chosen for their leadership recurrent climate extremes’, were listed in Graeme Cumming was appointed joint of environmental change on coral Michele examines how social of significant, ground-breaking the 2019 Altmetric Top 100 as articles that reef fish. In particular, she examines networks and the distribution head of the Faculty of the F1000 Ecosystem research projects in Australia. ‘most captured the public’s imagination’ in Ecology section. He was also appointed to fish that are able to adjust to and sharing of power can 2019, securing 14th and 22nd positions. the Scientific Advisory Panel of the Geneva David’s work focuses on identifying warming waters by passing on heat- affect adaptive action in Global Institute, and accepted an invitation the key ecosystem functions needed tolerant genes to their offspring. response to climate change. David Bellwood was awarded an ARC to sustain coral reefs. He looks at to be a member of the scientific committee Her research will generate new Her project is the first longitudinal Australian Laureate Fellowship (p9). David threats to these reefs alongside the of Programme on Ecosystem Change and knowledge on the interplay between study that tracks individuals – as was also named as James Cook University’s crucial ecosystem functions that adaption and plasticity, both from well as governance institutions Primary Advisor of the Year, for excellence in Society (PECS). PECS is part of Future Earth, a support not only the reefs, but the within and across generations, – before and after a global coral supervision of research degree candidates. global sustainability research platform. people dependent on them. using novel experimental designs. bleaching event. This approach Jodie Rummer was named as the 2019 Alana Grech was awarded the 2019 James David says coral reefs across the Exposing fish to higher water will explicitly examine key factors Queensland Young Tall Poppy Scientist of Cook University’s Award for Excellence in globe are changing fast. This pace temperatures appears to switch that facilitate, or inhibit, adaptive challenges the traditional scientific, genes on, or off. This alteration in action at multiple scales. the Year. Andrew Hoey also received a Graduate Research Leadership. management and governance gene expression is transferred to Young Tall Poppy Award Michele aims to significantly . These prestigious Danika Klieber (p16) received a merit approaches to coral reefs. the offspring, and this ‘acclimation’ improve the understanding of how awards recognise up-and-coming scientists award from the Asian Fisheries Society, for acts as a buffer against increasingly His project will address these the adaptive capacity of individuals who combine world-class research with warming waters. organising the Gender Aquaculture and challenges by implementing and sectors of society can translate a passionate commitment to science Fisheries Society meeting in 2019. communication. a new, functional approach to The improved knowledge of fish into action. Her research will coral reefs that exploits a unique acclimation and adaptation to explicitly examine the role of social David Miller was awarded a Bridge combination of evolutionary environmental change developed networks and power in shaping Joshua Cinner and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg Fellowship by the Japan Society for the (p34) were listed on The Australian and ecological methodologies. by this project will inform the these responses. Promotion of Science, to undertake research The project will provide a global management of cumulative impacts newspaper’s Top 40 Stars of Research Her project will contribute practical with colleagues at the Okinawa Institute of overview of ecosystem function on reef fish and fisheries. Jenni’s Lifetime Achievement Leaderboard in the guidance on how to build the Science and Technology, Japan. and an in-depth understanding research will provide significant categories of ‘Biodiversity and Conservation adaptive capacity of both individuals of how ecosystems change over benefits to all communities that rely and of key governance institutions. Biology’ and ‘Marine Sciences and Fisheries’, Centre students also received wide time, leading to specific, and on fish for nutrition, for their local respectively. recognition in 2019 (p44). practical, management objectives. economy and for the social values of well-managed reef fisheries.

8 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 9 Professor Terry Hughes FAA Professor Tiffany Morrison Professor Bob Pressey FAA Professor Terry Hughes is the Professor Tiffany Morrison is a Professor Bob Pressey is a co- Director of the ARC Centre and political geographer and co-leader leader of Research Program 1. co-leader of Research Program 1. of Research Program 1. Tiffany’s Bob’s research includes studies He received his PhD in 1984 research combines human of biodiversity, geographic from Johns Hopkins University geography, political science and information systems, spatial and was a National Science ecology to tackle increasing modelling of species and human Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow complexity in environmental activities, software development, at the University of California, governance. Tiffany received her explicit frameworks for deciding Santa Barbara, before moving to PhD in 2004 from The University on the location and timing of James Cook University in 1990. of Queensland, supported by a conservation investments, and Terry has broad research interests visiting fellowship at the University on the socio-economic aspects in ecology, marine biology and of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. From of implementing conservation. the social-ecological dynamics of 2004-2008 she taught in the Prior to moving to James Cook coral reefs. As Centre Director, Master of Public Administration University and the ARC Centre, he he provides academic leadership program in the School of Political was a research scientist for the and is responsible for the strategic and International Studies at New South Wales National Parks development of the Centre. Flinders University. During that and Wildlife Service for almost Terry was elected a Fellow of the time, she was awarded a visiting 20 years. During that time, Bob Australian Academy of Science in Fellowship at the University of developed and applied leading- 2001 in recognition of ‘a career Kyoto Disaster Prevention Institute, edge techniques in conservation RESEARCH PROGRAM 1: PEOPLE AND ECOSYSTEMS which has significantly advanced Japan. In 2008, Tiffany joined the planning, influencing policy and the world’s store of scientific School of Geography, Planning and conservation practice. He has knowledge’. From 2008-2010, he Environmental Management at The served on the editorial boards was a member of the ARC Advisory University of Queensland where of leading conservation biology Council. Terry has been awarded she co-led an interdisciplinary journals. Bob was awarded The three Federation/Australian team of ecologists, geographers, Royal Botanic Gardens’ Eureka Prize Laureate Fellowships by the ARC, planners, economists and lawyers for Biodiversity Research in 2002 and from 2002-2017. He has received working on an ARC Super Science the inaugural Australian Ecology many additional prizes, including funded program of research on Research Award from the Ecological the prestigious quadrennial Darwin sea level rise. Since joining the ARC Society of Australia in 2008. In Medal of the International Society Centre in 2015, she has developed 2010, he was elected a Fellow of for Reef Studies (2008), an Einstein and led a major new research the Australian Academy of Science Professorship from the Chinese program on the governance of for his contributions to the field of Academy of Science (2015), the climate adaptation and on conflict systematic conservation planning. Sir John Maddox Prize (2018), and in large-scale reef systems. Tiffany His understanding of conservation the Climate Change Award from serves on the Editorial Board of applications was recognised in the Prince Albert II of Monaco Earth System Governance. Her recent 2012 by his appointment to WWF Foundation (2018). In December studies of the complex governance Australia’s Eminent Scientists 2019, he received an honorary of tropical ecosystems have Group. doctorate from Trinity College, been published in Nature, PNAS, Dublin. Terry is a Clarivate Highly Nature Climate Change and Global Cited Researcher. Environmental Change.

RESEARCHERS Jorge Álvarez-Romero, Michele Barnes, David Bellwood, Brock Bergseth, Jon Brodie, Iain Caldwell, Joshua Cinner, Pip Cohen, Graeme Cumming, Alana Grech, Georgina Gurney, Danika Kleiber, Jacqueline Lau, Laurence McCook, David Mills, John Pandolfi, Cristian Rojas, Garry Russ and Andrew Song.

10 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES PHOTO JACQUELINE LAU ANNUAL REPORT 2019 11 PROGRAM 1 REPORT

Research in Program 1 focusses on understanding Centre PhD graduate Jacqueline Lau joined the Centre the linkages between coral reef ecosystems, the as the fourth post-doctoral fellow recruited to build goods and services they provide to people, and our ongoing WorldFish collaboration. Iain Caldwell the governance of those systems. The overarching and Brock Bergseth also moved to the Centre in 2019. objective is to improve the stewardship of coral reefs Iain joins us with a PhD from the University of British and the wellbeing of reef-dependent populations Columbia, Canada, following a postdoctoral fellowship worldwide, while simultaneously providing lessons at the University of California, Santa Barbara and PHOTO MEIRA MIZRAHI and insights for other ecosystems. Key research Stanford University. Brock has moved to the Centre’s questions include how economic development, social Townsville node as a new postdoctoral fellow, following networks, local history and political drivers influence research appointments with CSIRO in Tasmania and resource use and governance. Program 1 places a high the Minderoo Foundation in Western Australia. value on engagement with communities, managers Program 1 produced a record number of major and policy makers, government agencies, and with publications in 2019, including many high-profile non-government organisations. The conservation papers in Nature, Science, Proceedings of the National planning group, led by Bob Pressey, has the broad Academy of Sciences (PNAS), Nature Communications, PHOTO SARAH SUTCLIFFE PHOTO JACQUELINE LAU PHOTO JACQUELINE LAU goal of providing decision-makers with more effective Nature Sustainability, Nature Ecology and Evolution, and means of managing species and ecosystems by Global Environmental Change. providing decision-support tools, guidelines for Graeme Cumming led a special feature in Biological using information, and rigorous assessments of the the European Water Framework Directive. The paper, Analysis and Synthesis (USA) with meetings during Conservation with Centre co-editors Morgan Pratchett adequacy of existing conservation measures. in Global Environmental Change, was co-authored with 2019 in Santa Barbara and Rome, co-hosted by the UN and Georgina Gurney. The special feature was an Terry Hughes and Andrew Song from the Centre, In 2019, the geographic, social and ecological scope outcome of a workshop held on Magnetic Island in Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). This research and with colleagues from the UK, the USA, the of Program 1’s research was very diverse, with major 2018 on future directions for coral reef studies with group will provide the IUCN, member nations of The Netherlands, Malaysia and Australia. Tiffany also led a projects in Australia, Brazil, the Cook Islands, Costa over 20 Centre researchers. A key paper in the special Pacific Community (SPC), the FAO, and a consortium high-profile Commentary in Nature’s Special Issue on Rica, Fiji, Indonesia, Kenya, Micronesia, Mexico, Papua feature analyses spatial mismatches and functional of international NGOs, with a decision-support tool Climate Change, designed to coincide with the 2019 New Guinea, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands, prioritisation, led by David Bellwood, with over a dozen to make informed choices about the implementation UN Climate Summit in New York. The paper, entitled Tonga, and the USA. Centre co-authors. Another major paper by Graeme of marine protected areas and other conservation ‘Save reefs to rescue all ecosystems’, sets out the reef Cumming and colleagues from the Great Barrier Reef measures. Program 1 continues to develop a productive climate challenge and proposes several land-based, Marine Park Authority, addresses spatial heterogeneity relationship with researchers at WorldFish (p58), philanthropic and activist solutions from across the Program 1 researchers had a busy year engaging and scale in managing large marine protected areas. headquartered in Malaysia. In 2019, Pip Cohen from tropics. with many end-users around the world. Tiffany WorldFish led a major paper in Frontiers in Marine Tiffany Morrison led a multi-disciplinary paper on Morrison represented the Centre at the WorldFish Joshua Cinner was lead author of a paper in PNAS Science on securing a just space for small-scale fisheries navigating the politics of polycentric environmental annual scientific management committee meeting at analysing 16 years of social and ecological data, in the blue economy, with Centre co-authors Joshua governance, drawing together cases from the WorldFish headquarters in Penang, Malaysia. Joshua co-authored with four Centre researchers and Cinner, Terry Hughes and PhD student Emmanuel Great Barrier Reef, the Reducing Emissions from Cinner gave a series of public and university-wide colleagues from Singapore, the UK, France, and Mbaru (p51). Small-scale fisheries expert and recent Deforestation and Degradation scheme (REDD+) and seminars in his role as ‘distinguished international Papua New Guinea. The paper outlines challenges visiting scholar’ at the University of Rhode Island, USA. and opportunities for adaptive management of the Terry Hughes delivered 19 lectures and public talks in commons. Joshua and Michele Barnes also published the USA, including a briefing to the National Science a conceptual paper on the social dimensions of Foundation, in Washington. Terry was also appointed resilience in social-ecological systems, in One Earth. as a reviewer of the 2019 Great Barrier Reef Outlook Michele was also lead author on a 2019 paper in Nature Communications on social-ecological alignment and Report, delivered by the Commonwealth to UNESCO in ecological conditions in coral reefs. December.

Program 1 researchers led over a dozen workshops Program 1 members also received numerous and mentoring activities during the year. For example, accolades in 2019. Joshua Cinner was part of a team Graeme Cumming led two workshops in Annapolis, awarded US$2.6m to study reef futures. A raft of USA as part of a National Socio-Environmental Centre researchers were shortlisted for the Australian Synthesis Center (SESYNC) project on quantitative Eureka Award. Two PhD students won best paper PHOTO SARAH SUTCLIFFE synthesis and modelling of social-ecological dynamics. awards at the Global Conference on Gender in Other participants included Tiffany Morrison, Georgina Aquaculture and Fisheries in Bangkok (Sarah Lawless) Gurney and colleagues from the US, Germany, Sweden, and at the MARE People and the Sea conference in South Africa, UK and Spain. Georgina Gurney co-led Amsterdam (Jacqueline Lau). In December, Centre a workshop with Emily Darling (Wildlife Conservation Director, Terry Hughes, received an honorary doctorate Society), funded by the National Center for Ecological from Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.

12PHOTOARC JACQUELINE CENTRE OFLAU EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES PHOTO MARK PRIEST ANNUAL REPORT 2019 13 MEDIA RELEASE 3 MAY 2019 MEDIA RELEASE 26 SEPTEMBER 2019

Call for co-operation as ‘blue Micronutrients ‘slipping through the boats’ rob Pacific reefs hands’ of malnourished people

A flotilla of Vietnamese fishing people. The crews reportedly have and less dangerous, since sea Millions of people across the globe populations, who are often those Researchers say that a complex boats with crews suffering in harsh no contract of employment and cucumber is still found six to seven are suffering from malnutrition, most in need. picture of international and illegal conditions is stripping Pacific coral no insurance and are frequently metres deep on Pacific island reefs, despite some of the most nutritious fishing and trade in seafood is “If these catches were more reefs of seafood, as poaching abandoned after accidents or whereas people have to dive 60 fish species in the world being standing between malnourished accessible locally, they could have a escalates to become an international arrests. They travel more than metres, even 80 metres in waters caught near their homes, according people and the more-than-adequate huge impact on global food security human rights and security issue. 7000km around the Pacific and stay near Vietnam,” Dr Song said. to new research published in Nature fish nutrients caught on their and combat malnutrition-related up to three months at sea,” Dr Song today. doorstep. Dr Andrew Song, joint ARC Centre said. “The poaching also directly disease in millions of people.” of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies endangers the livelihood security Scientists from the ARC Centre “Currently, many of the world’s The team of 11 researchers and WorldFish research fellow, He said their main targets are high- of coastal communities and the of Excellence for Coral Reef fisheries are managed to get the recorded the concentration of seven has produced the first analysis of value species of sea cucumber and national export revenue in the Studies (Coral CoE) are part of most revenue, often by directing nutrients in more than 350 species international attempts to manage giant clam found on many Pacific Pacific. Sea cucumber fisheries are an international team that found efforts towards catching the highest- of marine fish, and they developed Vietnam’s ‘blue boat’ fleet – small Island coral reefs. considered to be the second-most children in many tropical coastal priced species and shovelling fish a statistical model based on diet, fishing vessels, commonly painted valuable export fishery for Pacific areas could see significant health landings towards the mouths of the sea water temperature, and energy blue, that travel thousands of Dr Song estimates the cost of the Island countries,” he said. improvements if just a fraction of rich in cities, or feeding pets and expenditure to predict how much kilometres to fish illegally in boats to be around AU$15,000– the fish caught nearby was diverted livestock in wealthier countries,” nutrition any given species of fish Pacific waters. $35,000 each, while processed Dr Song said Pacific Island countries into their diets. co-author Dr Philippa Cohen, a tropical sea cucumber species can face limitations in securing the contains. Co-author Dr David Mills, WorldFish partner investigator at Dr Song said the reasons are retail at AU$150–$300 per kilogram resources to patrol such a vast area, based at Coral CoE, is a senior The predictive modelling allowed Coral CoE, stated. allegedly economic, but also in Hong Kong and Chinese markets. and the wooden boats are difficult scientist with WorldFish. He says researchers to calculate the likely geopolitical, as the intensified He said there is suspicion that the to find, even with radar, and harder Chinese presence/interference blue boats were meeting large to trace administratively than a

has squeezed them out of their ‘mother-ships’ in the open ocean large ship. He said the problem is PHOTO TANE SINCLAIR-TAYLOR traditional fishing grounds in the to offload their catch and take on intensifying. South China Sea. supplies. This is yet to be confirmed. “In Australian waters, the latest “The boats are between 10–15 “The collection of sea cucumber in reported figures show the number metres in length and carry up to 17 foreign waters is apparently easier of foreign fishing boats caught operating illegally has increased from six in 2014 up to 20 in 2016 with most originating from Vietnam and Indonesia,” he said.

Dr Song said the poachers can be seen as a new kind of security threat—endangering the lives of Vietnamese fishers, endangering PHOTO NICK GRAHAM food security for Pacific Island nations, and putting Pacific Island Dr Mills said this highlights the economies, coastal communities and nutrient composition of thousands fish is an important source of need for fisheries policies focused the workers on the boats at risk. protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and of fish species that were never on improving nutrition, rather micronutrients. “Yet, more than two nutritionally analysed before. “By their dispersed and random than simply increasing volumes billion people worldwide suffer from nature, blue boats are bolstering the They used this model to quantify of fish harvested or produced, or micro-nutrient deficiencies,” he said. need for closer cooperation not only the global distribution of nutrients the revenues generated from fish among governments and agencies, Lead author Prof Christina Hicks, available from existing marine exports. but also among coastal communities Lancaster University, started the fisheries, and compared that and individual fishers.” project when she was a research with the prevalence of nutrient fellow at Coral CoE at JCU. The Hicks, C, Cohen, P, Graham, N, Nash, K, Allison, deficiencies around the world. Parts E, D’Lima, C, Mills, D, Roscher, M, Thilsted, study suggests enough nutrients of Africa, Asia, the Pacific and the S, Thorne-Lyman, A, and MacNeil, A (2019). are already being fished from the Harnessing global fisheries to tackle Song, A, Hoang, V, Cohen, P, Aqorau, T and Caribbean were some of the regions micronutrient deficiencies. Nature 574(7776): Morrison, T. (2019). ‘Blue boats’ and ‘reef oceans to substantially reduce 95-98. robbers’: a new maritime security threat with high malnutrition, despite for the Asia Pacific? Asia Pacific Viewpoint malnutrition – but in some sufficient fish nutrients in the PHOTO TANE SINCLAIR-TAYLOR 60(3): 310-324. countries they are not reaching local national catches.

14 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 15 ARTICLE 10 JULY 2019

RESEARCHER PROFILE: DANIKA KLEIBER The Cure to the Tragedy of the Commons? Danika Kleiber likes to describe herself as a feminist fisheries researcher. While many people interpret this as the practice of studying female fish, Danika is more interested in humans, Cooperation and in particular, the intersection of gender and small-scale fisheries. She is a joint ARC Centre and WorldFish Research Fellow in the People and Ecosystems Research Program (Program 1), based at James Cook University. WHEN FISHERS COMMUNICATE OPENLY, CORAL REEFS WIN Danika’s uncommon research niche is the result of a lifelong interest in behavioural ecology by Steve Murray and gender equity, coupled with a stubborn insistence on doing both. This is reflected in her undergraduate and graduate studies. Danika began with an undergraduate double major in biology and women’s studies from Tufts University, USA (2002), after which she went on to chase western bluebirds (Sialia mexicana) as a field assistant at UC Berkley in California, then song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) for her Master’s thesis at the University of British Columbia, Canada. During her Masters, Danika took a course on the human dimension of conservation and resource management, and found her research home. She undertook a PhD at the University of British Columbia, where her doctoral research thesis, ‘Gender and fisheries in the Central Philippines’ focused on the intricacies of collecting sex-disaggregated data in small-scale fisheries contexts, and on women’s and men’s perceptions of, and participation in, community-based

marine management. PHOTO JACQUELINE LAU Following her PhD, Danika went on to do postdoctoral research with the Too Groups whose members cooperate almost always “When people are engaged both with each other Big To Ignore project, based at Memorial outperform those that don’t. New research shows and with a common resource, they tend to form University in Newfoundland, where she that these benefits can extend beyond the group to cooperative relationships,” says Barnes. Not all focused on transdisciplinary approaches the environment around it. Specifically, the research community engagement is the same, however. The to small-scale fisheries management. demonstrates that cooperation among Kenyan fishing study found that only cooperation among fishers who She also collaborated with several communities leads to larger fish stocks and healthier are competing for the same species results in higher other gender and fisheries scholars and reefs. reef biomass. practitioners to analyse the implications A team led by Michele Barnes, a social scientist at The study results may offer a helpful guide for of gender aspects of the ‘Small-Scale James Cook University in Australia, interviewed almost conservationists. “It gives us a pretty strong road map,” Fisheries Guidelines’. The Guidelines 650 fishers across five coral reef fishing communities says Jack Kittinger, a researcher with the nonprofit were designed to influence small- to document how they cooperated and established Conservation International’s Center for Oceans and scale fisheries policy and were the first rules. They also looked at the gear the fishers used, a study coauthor. “The hardest thing in conservation international fisheries policies to explicitly include gender equity and equality as a guiding the species they caught, and evaluated local reef is getting a bunch of disparate people to cooperate principle for sustainable fisheries management. Shifting her focus back to the Pacific, Danika conditions. to ensure the perpetuation of a resource that they all moved to Honolulu, where she worked for NOAA as a social scientist, exploring the cultural depend on. When that happens, lo and behold, you’ve dimension of fisheries. “Kenya is very dependent on reef fishing,” says Barnes. got better ecological success,” he says. “And, like many places across the globe, they’re facing In 2018, Danika started her Research Fellowship with the ARC Centre of Excellence and serious issues about the state of their reefs.” Malin Pinsky, an ecologist at Rutgers University in WorldFish, headquartered in Penang, Malaysia. The project, which melds perfectly with New Jersey who was not involved in the study, thinks her research interest and skill set, is focused on designing and implementing social science The researchers found significantly more fish and that this research approach can be scaled to larger research on gender equity and fisheries in the Pacific Islands. It provides capacity building higher biodiversity in the hunting grounds near three and more complex networks involving people and the for gender integration to fisheries officers and development workers in the Solomon of the five communities. These were sites where environment. “It plays out in communities in Kenya,” Islands, Vanuatu, Kiribati and East Timor. Danika also co-leads the Illuminating Hidden competing fishers communicated more openly about says Pinsky, “and it plays out between countries on a Harvest gender theme, which aims to give global estimates for the impact and importance where and how they fish. These fishers also tended global stage.” It may also become more relevant as the of small-scale fisheries. This is a notoriously tricky prospect, because small-scale fisheries to discuss their operating rules and worked to resolve effects of climate change become starker for coastal are frequently described as ‘data-poor’, and the available data are rarely sex disaggregated. conflicts. “They had less variation in their vision of the communities. “Cooperation is getting much more When faced with a glaring lack of sex-disaggregated fisheries data, Danika helped to resource and had developed stronger commitments difficult now that species are on the move, especially as coordinate a team of over 35 gender and fisheries researchers and practitioners from toward managing it,” says Barnes. The team was they cross political boundaries,” he adds. around the world. Together they will ensure that women’s contributions are included in the careful to rule out other environmental and social global story of small-scale fisheries. factors that might have accounted for the differences seen on the reefs.

https://www.hakaimagazine.com/news/the-cure-to-the-tragedy-of-the-commons-cooperation

16 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 17 Professor Sean Connolly Dr Alana Grech Professor John Pandolfi

Professor Sean Connolly, from Dr Alana Grech, from James Cook Professor John Pandolfi, from James Cook University, is co- University, is co-leader of Research the School of Biological Sciences leader of Research Program 2. Program 2 and Assistant Director and Centre for Marine Science, at Sean combines mathematical and of the ARC Centre of Excellence for The University of Queensland, is statistical modelling with fieldwork Coral Reef Studies. She is an expert co-leader of Research Program 2. and laboratory experiments to in conservation biogeography of John is the world’s leading expert study the dynamics of biological coastal ecosystems, cumulative on coral reef palaeoecology. He has turnover at all scales. He received impact assessment (CIA), and broad research interests in marine his doctorate in 1999 from environmental decision-making. palaeoecology, with an emphasis Stanford University in California, Alana was previously employed on the effects of anthropogenic USA, for research on the ecology as a Senior Lecturer in Spatial impacts and climate change on of rocky shores. In 1999-2000, Information Science at Macquarie the recent history of modern coral Sean was a Research Fellow at the University, and as a Postdoctoral reefs. His research on coral reef University of Arizona, USA, where Research Fellow at the ARC ecosystems asks fundamental he examined global dynamics of Centre, James Cook University. ecological questions that are best marine biodiversity in the fossil She has authored more than 70 answered by acquiring and using record. In 2000, he was recruited to publications in leading international long-term data. John has published JCU to develop and lead a research journals, including Science, Global more than 190 papers, including program in ecological modelling Change Biology, Conservation Letters 24 contributions to the journals of applied to coral reefs. Sean has and Frontiers in Ecology and the Science and Nature. He has served more than 100 publications in Environment, and is Associate as President of the Australian leading international journals, Editor of the journal Diversity and Coral Reef Society, Co-Chief Editor RESEARCH PROGRAM 2: ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS, PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE including 12 publications in Science Distributions. Her research on of Paleobiology, and is Associate or Nature, and has supervised coastal ecosystems of the Great Editor for Proceedings of the Royal 42 postgraduate and Honours Barrier Reef and Torres Strait has Society B and Global Ecology and students. In 2008, he was awarded been instrumental to a range of Biogeography. He has supervised 22 an ARC Australian Professorial Australian government policy PhD students. John has provided Fellowship (2008-2012), and in and reports, with Alana regularly frequent briefings on coral reef 2009, the Fenner Medal of the invited to provide technical and management and policy (e.g. to the Australian Academy of Science, policy advice. In 2018, Alana US Congress and Australian Senate) which honours outstanding received the Queensland Young Tall and has been invited to serve on research in the biological sciences Poppy Scientist of the Year Award numerous international working by a scientist under 40. Sean has for her leadership in science and groups. In 2001, John received the twice received a national Citation for communication. Her contributions Discovery Magazine Science Story Outstanding Contributions to Student to research education at James of the Year Award. In 2013, he was Learning, in 2006 and 2014, for Cook University were recognised in awarded a prestigious Discovery his innovative and highly effective 2019 with an Award for Excellence in Outstanding Researcher Award approaches to teaching ecological Graduate Research Leadership. from the ARC (2013-2016). He was modelling to undergraduate recently elected as a Fellow of both students. Sean moved to Panama the International Coral Reef Society at the end of 2019, to take up a new (2015) and The Paleontological position at the Smithsonian Tropical Society (2016). Research Institute.

RESEARCHERS Kristen Anderson, Andrew Baird, David Bellwood, Yves-Marie Bozec, Tom Bridge, Jon Brodie, Jamie Caldwell, Severine Choukroun, Peter Cowman, Kay Critchell, Tom DeCarlo, Graeme Cumming, April Hall, Vanessa Haller, Hugo Harrison, Karlo Hock, Andrew Hoey, Terry Hughes, Geoff Jones, Sun Kim, Michael Kingsford, Nils Krück, Ryan Lowe, Robert Mason, Laurence McCook, Mark McCormick, Michael McWilliam, Vanessa Messmer, Peter Mumby, Philip Munday, Stephen Palumbi, Serge Planes, Morgan Pratchett, George Roff, Garry Russ, Eugenia Sampayo, Tim Staples, Greg Torda, Sue-Ann Watson, Sharon Wismer and Kennedy Wolfe.

18 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES PHOTO BURNETT HARTOG ANNUAL REPORT 2019 19 PHOTO NICOLAS EVENSEN PHOTO CAMILLE GRIMALDI ROWLEY

PROGRAM 2 REPORT

Research in Program 2 aims to understand the survivors to produce enough offspring to replenish the multi-scale dynamics of coral reefs, through the population – which has profound implications for the innovative integration of ecology, evolution, genetics, rest of the reef ecosystem (p26). Moreover, ecological oceanography and palaeontology. Program 2 memory of prior bleaching events can modify the researchers focus primarily on four key research areas. cumulative impact of recurrent thermal stress. The Firstly, they examine the historical transition from Centre’s further work on this global bleaching event pristine ecosystems to the linked social-ecological on the Great Barrier Reef and eastern Australian sub- systems of today, improving knowledge of how tropical reefs shows the potential for refugia at depth the resilience of coral reefs evolves and responds (Andrew Baird in Marine Ecology Progress Series) and to human impacts. Secondly, they aim to increase at high latitudes (Sun Kim and John Pandolfi in Global understanding of the dynamics and resilience of Change Biology). ecosystems over multiple spatial and temporal scales Program 2 researchers made other important and in response to environmental change, and to use contributions to our understanding of the effects those findings to inform and improve the management of climate change on coral reefs. In Nature of coral reefs. Thirdly, Program 2 examines how Communications, Verena Schoepf and Malcolm populations of organisms living on different reefs are McCulloch showed that corals resistant to thermal larval and inter-reef connectivity is enhanced when collaborations with him and to strengthening our links connected to each other through the dispersal of their stress may still not be able to acclimatise to ocean the annual spawning event occurs over multiple lunar with the Smithsonian Institute. Similarly, Program 2 offspring, promoting understanding of how reefs can warming. Jenni Donelson, Philip Munday and cycles. Jessica Hopf, Geoff Jones and Sean Connolly congratulates Program Leader Verena Schoepf who recover from disturbances, such as bleaching events. John Pandolfi worked with an international team reported in Ecological Applications that both fisheries has been appointed as the MacGillavry Fellow, a tenure Finally, they study the level of functional diversity and of ecologists to publish a review in Philosophical yields and metapopulation biomass are stabilised in track position for talented female researchers, at the redundancy in coral reef assemblages, modelling and Transactions of the Royal Society B on interactions the presence of no-take reserves, relative to without University of Amsterdam, strengthening the Centre’s assessing the effects of changes in biodiversity on between plasticity, adaptation and range shifts in them. extensive international alumni. Alana Grech was ecosystem function at regional to global scales, as well response to marine environmental change. appointed as a new Program 2 leader in 2019. Graeme Contributions to management and policy also formed as investigating the effects of management on the Cumming will take up a Program 2 leadership role in dynamics of reef ecosystems. In addition to their work on effects of climate change, an important component of Program 2 research in Program 2 researchers made other important 2019, including a paper in Nature Sustainability by 2020. The ongoing effects of the devastating 2015–17 contributions to the fundamental understanding Graeme Cumming on how the concept of resilience Program 2 researchers also played key roles organising global coral bleaching event on reefs in Australia of the ecology and evolution of reef systems. For can be applied in decision making for conservation. and participating in international workshops. Peter and elsewhere continued to be at the forefront of example, a Science paper from David Bellwood and Peter Mumby and colleagues showed in Nature Mumby was an invited advisor at the Coral Triangle Program 2 research in 2019. The series of papers led colleagues showed the importance of small marine Climate Change that evolutionary responses of Initiative Workshop in Manado, Indonesia, to redesign by Terry Hughes continued in 2019, with new research vertebrates (e.g. small cryptobenthic fish, like blennies) organisms during shifting environmental conditions the Regional Plan of Action. Morgan Pratchett led a published in Nature and Nature Climate Change. This in maintaining ecological functions of coral reefs. John can fundamentally change recommendations workshop in the USA on ‘Coral demography in the research showed that the impact of climate change Pandolfi published a paper in Nature Ecology & Evolution managers make for conservation actions. John Pandolfi Anthropocene’, bringing together coral biologists and on coral reefs extends to the impairment of ‘stock- with an international team on the global impacts of published a paper in Nature Ecology & Evolution with an demographic modellers to explore the consequences recruitment dynamics’ – the fewer coral colonies marine exotic species. In Nature Communications, Peter international team that highlighted the importance of a of increasing disturbances on the size and fate of reef- remaining alive, the lower the capacity of those Mumby and colleagues showed how the supply of coral number of social-environmental drivers in the strategic building corals. management of coral. Finally, the 2nd Edition of The Great Barrier Reef: Biology, Environment & Management Finally, Centre researchers continued to make was published in 2019, co-edited by Michael Kingsford important contributions to policy and management at and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg along with Pat Hutchings a variety of domestic and international levels. These from the Australian Museum. included multiple briefings to, and interactions with, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority to assist Program 2 researchers received strong recognition for their publication of the Great Barrier Reef Outlook their work in 2019. For example, David Bellwood was Report 2019. Alana Grech, Terry Hughes and Jon Brodie awarded a highly prestigious ARC Australian Laureate also prepared the ARC Centre’s submission to the Fellowship, and Jenni Donelson was awarded an ARC Environmental Protection (Great Barrier Reef Protection Future Fellowship (p9). Measures) and Other Legislation Amendment Bill 2019, At the end of 2019, the Centre farewelled long-term and presented their submission to the Queensland Program leader Sean Connolly who, in 2020, will parliamentary hearings on this Bill. Finally, the UN move to the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Food and Agricultural Organisation has included in Panama. Program 2 thanks Sean for his enduring Peter Mumby’s team as part of a regional proposal to contributions to the Centre. We look forward to future improve fisheries management in the Gulf of Thailand.

20 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES PHOTO NICOLAS EVENSEN ANNUAL REPORT 2019 21 MEDIA RELEASE 7 NOVEMBER 2019 MEDIA RELEASE 6 JUNE 2019

Waterways of Queensland and the Cardinalfish caught sneaking Great Barrier Reef are suffering from a bit on the side pesticide management failure

Scientists say a failure of national management means Authority (APVMA), have serious deficiencies and in Scientists have revealed the excessive amounts of harmful chemicals — many many cases are seriously flawed,” he said. torrid, adulterous love lives of the now banned in other countries such as the European mouth-brooding cardinalfish, with However, Prof Brodie notes that the Queensland Union, USA and Canada — are damaging the nation’s cuckoldry going hand-in-hand with Government is taking action to reduce pesticide waterways and the Great Barrier Reef. cannibalism of the young. pollution through research, monitoring, risk “This is a small and unassuming The new study was led by Professor Jon Brodie from the assessments and application of better pesticide application methods. coral reef fish,” said Dr Theresa ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies. Rueger, who led the study while Yet, only so much can be done at a local level. she was a student at the ARC Professor Brodie says pesticides found at concentrations Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef exceeding the nation’s own water quality guidelines “The APVMA are very slow to act on the copious Studies (Coral CoE). have the potential to seriously damage aquatic plants evidence surrounding, for example, the continued use of and animals. Insecticides affect prawns in freshwater a pesticide like imidacloprid.” On the surface, everything seemed streams, and herbicides affect marine species such as to be as expected, with the pairs of seagrass. The highest concentrations of pesticides, often found fish apparently monogamous and forming larger social groups. “Looking at the babies they PHOTO THOMAS BRIDGE produced, we saw that most of them do exclusively breed with their own partner,” Dr Rueger said. But on closer examination the researchers discovered some sneaky behaviour! PHOTO C HAMILTON “When presented the chance, both males and females take the opportunity to mate with other “This means the females are in an advantageous individuals from outside the group.” position, because they can produce eggs quicker than the male can brood them—so they can go and give eggs After observing and analysing cardinalfish populations in to another male,” explained Dr Rueger. Papua New Guinea for two years, the researchers found that of 105 broods analysed from 64 males, 30% were “But the males can offset that advantage by eating mothered by a female that was not the partner, about some, or all, of the eggs. They can then accept eggs from 11% of broods included eggs from two females, and another female.” more than 7% of broods were fertilised by two males. Dr Rueger said in some cases, males even fertilise the As with most apparently monogamous species who “The notorious insecticide imidacloprid — now banned above Australian guidelines, are found in freshwater eggs that another male is brooding. This saves them the invest time and energy rearing their young, these fish energy they would need to brood the eggs themselves. for its effects on bees across Europe, the USA and soon bodies adjacent to, and downstream of, areas of make sacrifices to ensure their babies survive. Paternal to be banned in Canada — is found in many freshwater intensive cropping. This is mainly sugarcane cultivation “What this study shows is a complicated mating system, and horticulture. care, especially when the male carries the eggs in his streams and estuaries in the Great Barrier Reef and also mouth, is associated with a high degree of confidence in which is something we didn’t expect and could only find out by spending lots of time observing the fish and using Queensland more broadly,” Prof Brodie said. Prof Brodie says Australia has the expertise and paternity. genetic analysis to identify parentage,” Dr Rueger said. knowledge of pesticide management to take action and “This can have a serious effect on aquatic life.” “Staying faithful and caring for your offspring can be regulate. a winning evolutionary strategy,” added co-author Dr “Clearly, social interactions don’t tell the whole story,” The regulation and management of pesticides in added Dr Harrison. “But our parentage tests reveal “Though pesticide regulation and management in the Hugo Harrison, also from Coral CoE. Australia is a joint responsibility of the Australian and the complex nature of social groups in fishes and how Great Barrier Reef region has been unsuccessful, there is “By caring for the brood, males increase the survival of promiscuity could upturn theories for how monogamy State governments. some hope that pesticide levels and risks to species and their offspring but also allow their partner to allocate arose.” ecosystems can be reduced,” he said. “There is no evidence at the moment that imidacloprid more energy into producing the next clutch,” Dr Harrison said. may be banned or regulated more closely in Australia,” Rueger, T, Harrison, H, Gardiner, N, Berumen, M, and Jones, G, Prof Brodie said. “However, it seems that having a bit on the side might (2019). Extra-pair mating in a socially monogamous and paternal Brodie, J, and Landos, M (2019). Pesticides in Queensland and Great not hurt your evolutionary fitness.” mouthbrooding cardinalfish. Molecular Ecology 28(10): 2625-2635. Barrier Reef waterways – potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems “The processes of the Australian Government regulator, and the failure of national management. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf the Australian Pesticide and Veterinary Medicine Science 230 (106447): 1-17.

22 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 23 RESEARCHER PROFILE: YVES-MARIE BOZEC

Yves-Marie Bozec is a Research Fellow in the Ecosystems Dynamics Program (Program 2) based at the University of Queensland node of the Centre. Growing up in France, Yves-Marie spent his childhood in the wetlands on the Atlantic coast, surrounded by salt marshes, mudflats and oyster farms. He vividly remembers exploring the intertidal zone with a shovel, hand net or crab hook. This is where his passion for marine life first began.

Yves-Marie completed an undergraduate degree in population biology and a MSc in oceanography and marine ecology at the University of Pierre et Marie Curie in France. A holiday in Egypt led Yves-Marie to his first snorkelling experience on a coral reef. This inspired a move to New Caledonia to complete his thesis project studying fish-habitat relationships on coral reefs. His PhD continued this coral reef theme, focusing on the response of coral reef fish to human-driven disturbances. During this research he developed a deep understanding of ecological statistics and modelling which later proved to be pivotal for his research career. In 2007, Yves-Marie moved to Mexico to study the impact of coastal development on corals, macroalgae and herbivorous fish on Yucatan reefs. This provided him with a sound knowledge of Caribbean reef ecology, and triggered his interest in coral-algal phase shifts. Back in France, he focussed on artificial intelligence applied to fisheries management, and developing indicators of fishing effort along the French Mediterranean coast. While these were enriching experiences, they were a long way from his passion for coral reefs. Yves-Marie realised that his skills in community ecology, modelling and Centre led articles in The bioinformatics could make an original contribution to coral reef science. His 2019 Altmetric Top 100 chance came in 2010, when Yves-Marie took up a postdoctoral fellowship at the that ‘most captured the University of Queensland – to develop simulation models of reef resilience public’s imagination’ in the Caribbean. This research led to explicit recommendations for an ecosystem-based management of 14th Caribbean reefs (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016). Global warming impairs Yves-Marie joined the ARC Centre in stock-recruitment dynamics 2015, to investigate the mechanisms of of corals reef resilience in the Indo-Pacific (Palau, French Polynesia, and the Great Barrier Nature Reef). In 2017, he started an ambitious project aimed at modelling coral populations along the length of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), integrating the dynamics of larval connectivity, water quality, cyclones, marine heatwaves 22nd and crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks. A later model incorporated evolutionary genetics Ecological memory modifies in order to evaluate the scope of corals to adapt to ocean warming. This is the first model that attempts to reconstruct the recent reef trajectories across the GBR from the simulation the cumulative impact of of coral reproduction, growth and mortality from multiple stressors. It forms the basis of a recurrent climate extremes suite of resilience tools enabling researchers and managers to explore strategic management options across the GBR, including improvement of water quality, starfish culling, protection Nature Climate Change from fishing, and coral population dynamics under climate change.

24 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES PHOTO CHRISTOPHER BRUNNER ANNUAL REPORT 2019 25 ARTICLE 3 APRIL 2019

every decade starting in 2035, and annually after 2044, The corals that do manage to survive such trauma, The Great Barrier Reef Was Seen as ‘Too Big according to climate models from UNESCO. however, were found to be more resistant to periods of extreme warmth in a separate study conducted by “It’s not too late to act, but time is running out,” Professor Baird and his colleagues last year. Scientists to Fail’. A Study Suggests It Isn’t. Professor Baird said, adding that without drastic climate have been trying to breed the most resilient forms of by Livia Albeck-Ripka action, reefs will be “fundamentally changed, as will coral in the hope that they can use these to repopulate everything.” the reef.

Coral reefs were among the first ecosystems to respond While crucial, such projects are limited, said Mark to the rise in global temperatures, he said, “but it’s only Eakin, the coordinator of the National Oceanic and a matter of time before these changes are happening in Atmospheric Administration’s Coral Reef Watch A study found that mass bleaching events had not only caused adult corals our back gardens.” program, who was not involved in the study but has to die off, but also led to a decline in new corals settling on the reef. previously worked with the Australian researchers. According to the researchers’ findings, the settlement of baby corals on the reef declined 89 percent last year. “Those are at the scale of a large family garden,” he said The coral that experienced the most significant decline of the restoration efforts, whereas the collapse of the in new organisms, at 93 percent, was a type called Great Barrier Reef would mean “the loss of an entire Acropora, which provides most of the reef habitat that seascape,” akin, he said, to the fall of the Roman Empire. supports thousands of other species, including coral trout, clown fish and triggerfish. “This is just further evidence of how much damage climate change is having,” Dr. Eakin said. Adult corals that were further south escaped bleaching, but they were too far from the bleached northern reefs Russ Babcock, a senior research scientist at to help them replenish, the scientists found. They also an Australian government agency called the explored the impact of back-to-back cyclones in 2014 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research and 2015 on the reef’s north at Lizard Island, which, Organization, said the study, which he was also not despite killing off 80 percent of the adult corals, did not involved in, had confirmed many scientists’ worst fears. cause a decline in new corals settling. “All ecosystems have some things in common, and one

PHOTO ED ROBERTS “Cyclones are fairly patchy,” Professor Baird said, of them is the ability to recover,” he said. “There’s going whereas heat and bleaching “just kills everything.” to be no lucky escape.”

MELBOURNE, Australia — For millenniums, ecosystems “We never thought we’d see this happen,” he said. PHOTO GERGELY TORDA PHOTO ED ROBERTS have withstood fires, floods, heat waves, drought and even disease by adapting and rebuilding their biodiverse The study is the first to show the collapse of communities. fundamental ecosystem processes in a marine environment, Professor Baird said. But according to new research, there is a limit to what even the largest and most resilient places can stand, “We thought the Barrier Reef was too big to fail,” he said, and climate change is testing that limit by repeatedly “but it’s not.” disturbing one of the earth’s most precious habitats: the The Great Barrier Reef, off Australia’s east coast, covers Great Barrier Reef. 133,000 square miles and can be seen from outer space. The study, released Wednesday in the journal Nature by It pumps 6.4 billion Australian dollars, or $4.5 billion, researchers from the ARC Center of Excellence for Coral into the Australian economy per year and supports tens Reef Studies in Australia, monitored the death and birth of thousands of jobs, according to 2017 figures from of corals following ocean heat waves that caused mass Deloitte. PHOTO CHRISTOPHER BRUNNER bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef in 2016 and 2017. But in recent years, research has shown that the time Not only did many of the adult corals die off, but for the left to save it is growing short. first time, researchers observed a significant decline in new corals settling on the reef, compromising its Since 1998, the Great Barrier Reef has suffered four capacity to recover. mass bleaching events, two of them back to back in 2016 and 2017. While coral populations can recover from a “There are so many corals, and it’s been disturbed many bleaching event — which stresses individual corals and times in the past,” said Andrew Baird, Chief Investigator strips them of their vibrant color — they need up to a at the research center and one of the paper’s lead decade to do so. And if carbon emissions continue at authors. the high-emissions scenario, bleaching will occur twice From The New York Times. ©2019 The New York Times Company. All rights reserved. Used under license. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/03/world/australia/great-barrier-reef-corals-bleaching.html

26 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 27 Associate Professor Associate Professor Professor Ryan Lowe Maja Adamska Mia Hoogenboom Professor Ryan Lowe, from the Associate Professor Maja Adamska, Associate Professor Mia UWA Oceans Institute at The from The Australian National Hoogenboom, from James Cook University of Western Australia University, is co-leader of Research University, is co-leader of Research (UWA), is co-leader of Research Program 3. Her graduate and first Program 3. Mia is an expert on Program 3. Ryan’s research postdoctoral projects addressed coral reef ecophysiology. She examines how oceanic and interactions between signalling received her PhD in 2008 from atmospheric forcing drives the pathways and transcription factors JCU. From 2008–2011, Mia was circulation, distribution of wave during vertebrate development. a Research Fellow at the Centre energy, and water level variability To pursue her interests in the Scientifique de Monaco, and later within the coastal zone, with a evolutionary origin of animal at the University of Glasgow. Mia particular focus on processes that developmental regulatory genes, has broad research interests in occur along coral reef coastlines. Maja moved to The University physiology and ecology, and her Major areas of his research focus of Queensland to study them research establishes mechanistic on: improving predictions of coastal in the first sponge to have its links between environmental flooding and erosion risk along reef genome sequenced, Amphimedon change, physiology, and population coastlines, identifying how ocean queenslandica. From 2007 to and community dynamics. dynamics drive environmental 2015, Maja was a group leader Her ecotoxicology research variability within coral reefs, and at the Sars International Centre informs strategies for managing multidisciplinary research into how for Marine Molecular Biology in the impacts of environmental oceanographic processes shape Bergen, Norway, and in 2015 she contaminants on coastal marine reef ecosystems. Ryan received established a laboratory at the ecosystems. Mia’s research is multi- his PhD in Civil and Environmental RESEARCH PROGRAM 3: RESPONDING TO A CHANGING WORLD Research School of Biology at The disciplinary and collaborative. Over Engineering in 2005 from Stanford Australian National University. the last 10 years, she has published University, USA and has been Maja was awarded an ARC Future a diverse range of papers with based at UWA since 2007. He has Fellow in 2017, and she continues >150 authors in 15 countries. authored more than 100 papers in to investigate the evolutionary Mia has published more than 60 leading international journals, as origin of key developmental papers in leading international well as numerous technical reports processes, such as cell type journals: including, Trends in Ecology for government and industry. specification, segregation of and Evolution, Nature, Science Ryan is the Editor of the Journal germ layers and axial patterning and Current Biology. She also of Geophysical Research – Oceans, of embryos and adults. Recent actively participates in educational he serves on the Expert Group in major research themes in her outreach programs that provide Physical Oceanography for the laboratory include regeneration of exciting marine biology field Australian Meteorological and sponges and corals, in particular and laboratory experiences for Oceanography Society and on the mechanisms regulating gene secondary school students. Australia’s Surface Waves Working expression, as well as sponge- Group. In 2012, Ryan was awarded bacterial symbiosis. Maja is also a four-year ARC Future Fellowship, deeply interested in the emergence and in 2014 he was the recipient of of complex multicellularity and its the UWA Vice Chancellor’s Mid- genomic background. Career Researcher Award.

RESEARCHERS Kristen Anderson, Natalia Andrade Rodriguez, Andrew Baird, Tom Bridge, Sean Connolly, Peter Cowman, Thomas DeCarlo, Juan Pablo D’Olivo Cordero, Jennifer Donelson, Sophie Dove, Gal Eyal, Rebecca Green, Hugo Harrison, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Björn Illing, Michael Kingsford, Janice Lough, Ryan Lowe, Oliver Mead, David Miller, Aurélie Moya, Philip Munday, Stephen Palumbi, Morgan Pratchett, Veronica Radice, Jodie Rummer, Aleksey Sadekov, Eugenia Sampayo, Verena Schoepf, Greg Torda, Erin Vaughn and Sue-Ann Watson.

28 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES PHOTO NICOLAS EVENSEN ANNUAL REPORT 2019 29 PHOTO SAMANTHA AIRD

PROGRAM 3 REPORT

Research in Program 3 aims to understand and global temperature at no more than 1.5°C above the predict the responses of coral reef organisms and pre-industrial level (p33). Experiments conducted by ecosystems to environmental change, particularly Verena Schoepf showed that the bleaching thresholds due to climate change and declining water quality. of stress resistant corals from the Kimberley region Biological responses of reefs to changing conditions were unchanged after acclimatisation to both cooler are investigated from three tightly interlinked and warmer temperatures (Nature Communications). perspectives: the dynamics of the complex associations Similarly, research by PhD student Saskia Jurriaans and between corals and their symbiotic dinoflagellates and Mia Hoogenboom in Philosophical Transactions of The microbes; the physiological plasticity and capacity for Royal Society B, found a mismatch between the thermal adaptation of organisms, populations and species; performance of corals and the water temperatures at and the stability of the carbonate frameworks that three locations on the Great Barrier Reef, indicating are synthesised and maintained by corals and other limited acclimatisation to local conditions. However, reef organisms. using skeletal cores of long-lived Porites corals, Tom DeCarlo and Hugo Harrison, in PeerJ, demonstrated a In 2019, Program 3 researchers contributed major marked decline in the proportion of corals showing a advances in understanding how coral reef organisms chemical signature of heat stress over periods of years can acclimatise and/or adapt to stressors in the to decades. This latter study indicated that at least environment. In January, Jenni Donelson was the lead some corals can acclimatise to environmental change editor of a special issue in Philosophical Transactions of fast enough to keep pace with global warming. the Royal Society B on the role of plasticity in phenotypic adaptation to rapid environmental change. In a major Field-based studies conducted by Program 3 PHOTO SAMANTHA AIRD PHOTO SAMANTHA AIRD review paper published in Reviews in Fish and Fisheries, researchers revealed some of the environmental PhD student Ian Bouyoucos and Jodie Rummer drivers of coral growth, abundance and diversity. evaluated the use of oxygen uptake (respirometry) Sophie Dove and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg showed a major shift in intertidal communities over a 91-year study techniques for measuring stress in sharks and rays. conducted in Western Australia were also published hosted by the ARC Centre in 2018, David Miller and of the Low Isles on the northern Great Barrier Reef Student-led research, published in Frontiers in Ecology in 2019. These new studies in Nature Climate Change, Maja Adamska worked with a global network of (Nature Communications). During 2019, PhD student and Environment by PhD student Hannah Epstein conducted by Steeve Comeau, Chris Cornwall and Tom experts to publish two major outlook papers on Camille Grimaldi and Ryan Lowe expanded the ARC and co-author Greg Torda, explored the utility of DeCarlo, showed that water flow can have significant symbiosis in the journal Zoology. Miller and the late Centre’s research into the remote atolls off north- microbiome engineering as a mechanism to enhance physiological effects on the calcifying fluid within coral Sylvain Forêt also co-authored a series of high-profile western Australia, as part of a joint research program climate resilience of reef corals. tissues, as determined using novel geochemical and papers, addressing the interactions between reef- with the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), spectroscopic proxies (p32). building corals and their bacterial and Symbiodinium A central theme of research conducted in Program to investigate oceanic drivers of reef connectivity. partners. Miller, Adamska, and collaborators made 3 during 2019 was understanding the responses of This new research builds on several research outputs New studies by researchers in Program 3 this year major contributions to understanding the evolution of organisms to increasing ocean temperature. The in 2019 that reveal how oceanographic processes highlighted the effects of various pollutants on coral animal complexity, by developing and implementing importance of this research was emphasised by Ove shape the ecology of the Scott Reef system of reef organisms. Research by Mia Hoogenboom and novel genomic approaches. Several landmark papers in Hoegh-Guldberg (p34) and collaborators in Science, atolls. Complementing these field studies, results collaborators in Environmental Pollution, revealed this area were published in 2019, including the whole where they highlighted the imperative to stabilise of combined field and mesocosm experiments species-specific effects of microplastics on reef corals, genome sequence of Acropora millepora (Genome and quantified levels of plastic debris in a river system Biology and Evolution) and a study of the evolution of that flows into the Great Barrier Reef catchment. genome methylation mechanisms (Nature Ecology and PHOTO SAMANTHA AIRD PHOTO VICTOR HUERTAS Experimental studies conducted by Philip Munday and Evolution). colleagues evaluated the effects of oil exposure on the sensory systems of coral reef fish (Environmental In 2019, Program 3 researchers continued their Science & Technology), and work by Mark McCormick ongoing commitment to public engagement. Maja showed the effects of exposure to boat noise on Adamska contributed to an article about the evolution reef fish behaviour (Scientific Reports). Janice Lough of animal cell types in the popular science magazine developed and implemented new tools, based on the Quanta, and an opinion piece in Nature Ecology and chemical composition of coral skeletons, to understand Evolution. Adamska also co-organised an international past and present concentrations of sediment and workshop on Host-Microbiome Interactions. Jodie nutrients in coral reef waters (Coral Reefs). Rummer gave a Planet Talk at WOMADelaide, about the effects of oil drilling and pollution on marine life, In 2019, Program 3 researchers contributed to new and presented ‘Let’s talk: Sharks’ at the World Science understanding of the interactions between marine Festival in Brisbane. Program 3 congratulates Jodie, invertebrates and their single-cell symbionts. Building who was recognised as the 2019 Queensland Young Tall on the Australian Academy of Science Boden Workshop Poppy Scientist of the Year (p8).

30 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 31 MEDIA RELEASE 28 MAY 2019 MEDIA RELEASE 20 SEPTEMBER 2019

Coral reefs can’t return from acid trip Investigating in climate change is good business

According to a new study published today in Science, PHOTO MARK PRIEST reducing the magnitude of climate change is a good investment. Acting over the next few decades to reduce the rate of change is expected to cost much less than the damage otherwise inflicted – on people, infrastructure and ecosystems – by not taking action. Climate change impacts are now occurring faster and are more extensive than previously projected. Lead author Prof Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Deputy Director of the ARC Centre for Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, explained the mismatch. “First, we underestimated the sensitivity of natural and human systems to climate change and the speed at which these changes are happening,” he said. “Second, we underappreciated the synergistic nature of climate threats, with the outcomes tending to be worse than the sum of the parts. This results in rapid and comprehensive climate impacts, with growing damage to people, ecosystems, and livelihoods.” For example, sea-level rise can lead to higher water levels during storm events and exacerbate the resulting PHOTO CHRISTOPHER CORNWALL damage. In already deprived areas this may intensify poverty, creating further disadvantage. A new study published today in Nature Climate and breeding ground for many species, from the poles Prof Daniela Jacob, co-author and Director of Climate Change finds coral reefs are under threat from ocean to the tropics. Services Centre (GERICS) in Germany, is concerned acidification. “Declines in coralline algae could lead to the loss of about these rapid changes – especially in regard to The study was led by researchers from the ARC Centre important marine species that use the algae as a unprecedented weather extremes. of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (Coral CoE). Their nursery,” he explained. “We are already in new territory,” Prof Jacob said. results suggest that some corals and coralline algae “The results also confirm that ocean acidification could – the ‘glue’ that holds reefs together – cannot survive Since the Paris Agreement, there has been a race to have repercussions on the competition between species. the expected acidification of oceans caused by climate quantify the benefits of limiting warming to 1.5oC to This can affect the ecological function of reefs,” Dr “Current emission reduction commitments are change. best inform policy to meet this target. “If such policy Comeau added. inadequate and risk throwing many nations into chaos is not implemented, we will continue on the current “The results validate previous research on ocean and harm, with a particular vulnerability for poor He said the team did find two coral species were upward trajectory of burning fossil fuels and continuing acidification threats to coral reefs,” said lead author Dr peoples,” Prof Hoegh-Guldberg said. resistant to ocean acidification. However, these are deforestation, which will expand the already large-scale Steeve Comeau, who is now based at the Sorbonne corals that were resistant from the start. degradation of ecosystems,” Prof Warren from the “To avoid this, we must accelerate action and tighten Université CNRS Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Tyndall Centre in the UK said. emission reduction targets so that they fall in line with Villefranche sur Mer in France. “This result indicates they already had an in-built the Paris Agreement,” he said. mechanism that made them resistant,” he explained, A recent report from the United Nations projected that Co-author Prof Malcolm McCulloch, from Coral CoE at “whereas sensitive corals were affected from the start as many as a million species may be at risk of extinction “This is much less expensive than suffering the impacts the University of Western Australia, said the researchers o and were not actually able to acclimatise.” over the coming decades and centuries. Climate change of 2 C or more of climate change.” examined the calcifying fluid of four species of coral is not the only factor—but is one of the most important and two types of coralline algae, under a year-long The study suggests the composition and function of ones. simulation. future reefs — if they can survive climate change — will Hoegh-Guldberg, O, Jacob, D, Taylor, M, Guillén Bolaños, T, Bindi, M, Brown, S, Camilloni, I, Diedhiou, A, Djalante, R, Ebi, K, Engelbrecht, be very different to what we see today. “The developing African countries are amongst those “The effects on the calcifying fluid were rapid and F, Guiot, J, Hijioka, Y, Mehrotra, S, Hope, C, Payne, A, Pörtner, H, most affected in terms of projected impacts on Seneviratne, S, Thomas, A, Warren, R, and Zhou, G (2019). The persisted for the whole year,” Prof McCulloch said. human imperative of stabilizing global climate change at 1.5°C. economic growth, in the absence of strong climate Science 365(6459). Co-author Dr Chris Cornwall explained coralline algae Comeau, S, Cornwall, C, DeCarlo, T, Doo, S, Carpenter, R, and McCulloch M (2019). Resistance to ocean acidification in coral reef taxa is not change mitigation,” stated Prof Engelbrecht co-author cements reefs together by acting as a foundation species gained by acclimatization. Nature Climate Change 9(6): 477-483. from the Global Change Institute of the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa.

32 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 33 RESEARCHER PROFILE: OVE HOEGH-GULDBERG

Ove Hoegh-Guldberg is Deputy Director of the ARC Centre and in the Responding to a Changing Program (Program 3), based at The University of Queensland. Growing up in Sydney, Ove spent his youth exploring and diving in Sydney Harbour. His interest in coral reefs was heightened when he had the opportunity to be an undergraduate field assistant for Professor Peter Sale on One Tree Island. After seeing some of the world’s most spectacular reefs, Ove’s fate was sealed.

Ove’s PhD studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, were on the symbiosis of dinoflagellates with cnidarian hosts. Fieldwork in Israel and at Lizard Island led him to research that identified elevated temperatures as the most likely trigger for coral bleaching events that were commencing on the Great Barrier Reef in the mid-1980s. Following his PhD, Ove completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Southern California (which involved ice diving in Antarctica!), before he returned to Australia to take up a lectureship at the University of Sydney.

Continuing his interest in climate change and coral reefs, Ove and his team identified the collapse of PSII/ RuBisCo under heat stress as the most likely mechanism explaining the sudden disintegration of coral-algal symbioses during heat stress. In 1999, Ove integrated these observations with the output of a number of climate models, projecting for the first time that tropical oceans would get too warm for coral reefs by mid-century if we didn’t rapidly curb emissions of greenhouse gases. Two decades later, these projections have been sadly supported by the catastrophic loss of 50% of shallow water corals on the Great Barrier Reef and other sites globally.

As evidence has accumulated about the huge threat that ocean warming and acidification poses for coral reefs, Ove and colleagues have increasingly built research programs for understanding the problems and solutions for coral reefs globally. For example, the XL-Catlin Seaview Survey measured the benthic structure over 1000 km of coral reefs across 25 countries. Ove also plays a significant role in the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), such as Coordinating Lead Author of the ‘Ocean’ chapter for the Fifth Assessment Report, and the ‘Impacts’ Chapter in the IPCC Special Report on the implications of global warming of 1.5oC.

Ove has authored over 350 peer-reviewed publications (>35 in Science, Nature or PNAS) and has been cited nearly 60,000 times. He has been awarded a Eureka Prize for his research, as well as a Queensland Premier’s Fellowship, and an ARC Australian Laureate Fellowship. He was elected to the Australian Academy of Science in 2013, received the Prince Albert II Award for Climate Change in 2014, and the International Award from the Banksia Foundation in 2016. Ove is a Highly Cited Researcher (top 1% of his field) and, in 2019, was listed by Apolitical as one of the 100 most influential people in Climate Policy in the world.

PhD student Robert Streit captures an image of a large jellyfish harbouring a school of small fish in the Lizard Island lagoon during a research trip in January 2019

34 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES PHOTO ROBERT STREIT ANNUAL REPORT 2019 35 ARTICLE 22 MAY 2019

The mass bleaching events we documented were have been affected equally. ‘Bright white skeletons’: some Western triggered by a global increase in temperature of 1⁰C above pre-industrial levels, whereas temperatures are In 2016 there was little (around 10%) bleaching predicted to rise by 1.5⁰C between 2030 and 2052. recorded at the northern inshore Kimberley Reefs, at Australian reefs have the lowest coral the Cocos Keeling Islands, and at the Rowley Shoals. In that scenario, the reefs that have bleached badly Coral cover and diversity at these reefs remain high. cover on record will unlikely have the capacity to fully recover, and And during mass bleaching there were patches of reef by James Paton Gilmour and Rebecca Green mass bleaching will occur at the reefs that have so far escaped the worst impacts. that were less affected by heat stress.

The future of WA’s coral reefs is uncertain, but until These patches of reef will hopefully escape the worst Corals at Scott Reef in 2012, and at the same site impacts and retain moderate coral cover and diversity during the 2016 mass bleaching. James Gilmour/AIMS carbon emissions can be reduced, coral bleaching will continue to increase. as the world warms, acting as refuges. There are also corals that have adapted to survive in parts of the reef Surviving coral reef refuges must be protected where temperatures are naturally hotter.

The extreme El Niño conditions in 2016 severely Some reefs across WA will persist, thanks to these affected the northern reefs, and a similar pattern was refuges from heat stress, their ability to adapt and to seen in the long-term records. expand their range. These refuges must be protected The more southern reefs were affected by extreme from any additional stress, such as poor water quality La Niña conditions – most significantly by a heatwave and overfishing. in 2011 that caused coral bleaching, impacted In any case, the longer it takes to curb carbon fisheries and devastated other marine and terrestrial emissions and other pressures to coral reefs, the ecosystems. Diving on the remote coral reefs in the north of The worst mass bleaching on record greater the loss will be. Western Australia during the world’s worst bleaching Since 2010, all of WA’s reefs systems have bleached at Coral reefs support critical food stocks for fisheries event in 2016, the first thing I noticed was the heat. A similar scene is playing out around the world as least once. researchers document the decline of ecosystems they around the world and provide a significant contribution It was like diving into a warm bath, with surface have spent a lifetime studying. temperatures of 34⁰C. Our study, published in the journal Coral Reefs, is the Then I noticed the expanse of bleached colonies. first to establish a long-term history of changes in coral Their bright white skeletons were visible through the cover across eight reef systems, and to document the translucent tissue following the loss of the algae with effects of the 2016 mass bleaching event at 401 sites which they share a biological relationship. The coral across WA. NOAA Coral Reef Watch Annual maximum skeletons had not yet eroded and collapsed, a grim bleaching alert levels for WA in 2011 reminder of what it looked like just a few months Given the vast expanse of WA coral reefs, our and 2016. Black marks show bleaching observations or coral monitoring sites. No before. assessment included data from several monitoring stress = no bleaching; warning = possible programs and researchers from 19 institutions. bleaching; alert level 1 = bleaching likely; I spent the past 15 years documenting the recovery of alert level 2 = mortality likely. NOAA, Author provided (No reuse) these reefs following the first global coral bleaching These reefs exist in some of the most remote and event in 1998, only to see them devastated again in the inaccessible parts of the world, so our study also relied third global bleaching event in 2016. on important observations of coral bleaching from regional managers, tourist operators and Bardi Jawi The WA coral reefs may not be as well known as the Indigenous Rangers in the Kimberley. Great Barrier Reef, but they’re just as large and diverse. And they too have been affected by cyclones and coral Our aim was to establish the effects of climate change to Australia’s Blue Economy, worth an estimated A$68.1 bleaching. Our recent study found many WA reefs now on coral reefs along Western Australia’s vast coastline Frequent bleaching and cyclone damage have stalled billion. have the lowest coral cover on record. and their current condition. the recovery of reefs at Shark Bay, Ningaloo and at the Montebello and Barrow Islands. And coral cover at We are handing environmental uncertainty to the next When my colleague, Rebecca Green, witnessed that The heat stress in 2016 was the worst on record, Scott Reef, Ashmore Reef and at Christmas Island is low generation of scientists, and we must better articulate mass bleaching for the first time, she asked me how causing mass bleaching and large reductions in coral following the 2016 mass bleaching. to everyone that their dependence on nature is the long it would take the reefs to recover. cover at Christmas Island, Ashmore Reef and Scott Reef. This was also the first time mass bleaching In fact, average coral cover at most (75%) reef systems most fundamental of all the scientific concepts we “Probably not in my lifetime” was my reply – an abrupt was recorded in the southern parts of the inshore is at or near the lowest on record. But not all WA reefs explore. but accurate reply considering the previous rate of Kimberley region, including in the long oral history of recovery, future increases in ocean temperatures … Indigenous Australians who have managed this Sea- https://theconversation.com/bright-white-skeletons-some-western-australian-reefs-have-the- and my age. Country for thousands of years. lowest-coral-cover-on-record-116423

36 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 37 NATIONAL PRIORITY CASE STUDY

Great Barrier Reef Governance

The global dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions its boundary, especially PHOTO DEBORAH BURN represents the single largest threat to the world’s climate change. The coral reefs. The Centre’s research on climate proximate drivers of fishing change, including a series of high profile papers in and pollution on the GBR Science and Nature in 2017-2019, has been highly are themselves driven by influential in drawing attention to the governance distant dynamics in national challenges of anthropogenic climate change (GBRMPA and transnational markets, 2019). Drawing on the Centre’s research, the consumption, wealth and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) human demography. The Special Report (2018) concluded that most coral reefs Centre’s recent research will struggle to cope with further increases of global has focussed on addressing average temperatures of 0.5oC to 1oC above current this mismatch in scale and levels. The Special Report concluded that global carbon framing (Bellwood et al. emissions need to be slashed to 45% of 2010 levels by 2019, Morrison et al. 2019). 2030 to secure the future of coral reefs. Poorly-scaled governance Governance – the ways in which sectors of society has focused attention share power and make decisions – is an area of on symptoms (e.g. loss active multidisciplinary research in the ARC Centre of corals, outbreaks of of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies. Governance crown-of-thorns starfish), has two interacting elements, formal and informal. rather than the root causes Formal governance of the Great Barrier Reef is of ecological decline. For primarily the responsibility of the Commonwealth and example, the recent global Queensland State governments and their agencies, coral bleaching events with international oversight from UNESCO and the have further exposed the World Heritage Committee. The informal governance limitations of conventional place-based ecosystem kilometre catchment of the Great Barrier Reef. provide alternative economic opportunities that set of the Great Barrier Reef is increasingly powerful and governance. In some countries, the preferences of powerful examples for the rest of the world.” “Done strategically, these actions can reduce global diverse, and has played an often-unrecognised role in the fossil fuel industry continue to outweigh those of emissions, capture carbon, curb agricultural runoff The Nature article urges scientists, -policymakers, non- stewardship of the Reef. the local communities, tourism and fishing industries, onto coastal reefs while also enhancing people’s governmental organisations and philanthropists to scientists, conservationists and domestic and Governance of the Great Barrier Reef, broadly defined, livelihoods and food security,” she said. develop similarly bold strategies to protect reefs, other international visitors. has evolved substantially over time – from a local mix ecosystems and people in a warming world. The Nature article argues that current approaches of fishing and tourism stakeholders, local conservation In an article published in Nature in 2019, researchers to coral reef conservation are failing to protect local groups, scientists, and Traditional Owners to a much from the ARC Centre suggested a new, holistic biodiversity on reefs, where trying to restore damaged References more complex governance regime today that now approach to safeguarding coral reefs – by focussing on corals or build resilience is the main focus. The authors includes the fossil fuel and mining industries, ports, the formal and informal governance of land as well as Bellwood, DR, Pratchett, MS, Morrison, TH, Gurney, GG, Hughes, TP, concluded that reefs won’t disappear if we tackle the Álvarez-Romero, JG, Day, JC, Grantham, R, Grech, A, Hoey, AS, Jones, agricultural industries, the media, international tourists, the ocean. root cause of their decline. They suggest that a bolder, GP, Pandolfi, JM, Tebbett, SB, Techer, E, Weeks, R, and Cumming, GS and globally-active environmental NGOs. Increasingly, (2019). Coral reef conservation in the Anthropocene: confronting “We must take a new, bolder approach to tackle the scaled-up approach to the stewardship of land and spatial mismatches and prioritizing functions. Biological Conservation securing a future for the Great Barrier Reef under underlying causes of coral reef decline,” lead author sea—focused initially on coral reefs—could itself help 236: 604-615 climate change is as much a political challenge as an Prof Morrison said. “This means fixing the causes on society meet this goal. Coral reefs cover only 0.5% of Great Barrier Reef Outlook Report (2019). Great Barrier Reef Marine ecological or social one (Morrison et al. 2019). Park Authority, Townsville. http://elibrary.gbrmpa.gov.au/jspui/ a global, as well as local, scale—both in the sea and the ocean floor, but they support almost 30% of the bitstream/11017/3474/10/Outlook-Report-2019-FINAL.pdf The establishment of the Great Barrier Reef Marine world’s marine fish species. 400 million people depend on land.” Heron, SF, van Hooidonk, R, Maynard, J, Anderson, K, Day, JC, Geiger, Park Authority (GBRMPA) in 1976 was a major on reefs for work, food and protection from waves, E, Hoegh-Guldberg, O, Hughes, TP, Marshall, P, Obura, D, and Eakin, As an example, to protect the Great Barrier Reef, innovation in governance. It established the world’s storms and floods. CM. (2018) Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage Coral Prof Morrison suggested policymakers in Australia Reefs. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. https://www.icriforum.org/ largest marine protected area, which five years later, sites/default/files/265625e.pdf should replace coal-fired power with renewable “What we’re suggesting is feasible and bold,” the in 1981, became the first marine World Heritage energy sources, and restore or rehabilitate terrestrial authors said. “Countries, States and cities such as Morrison, TH, Hughes, TP, Adger, WN, Brown, K, Barnett, J, and Lemos, Area. However, four decades later, the major MC (2019). Save reefs to rescue all ecosystems. Nature 573: 333-336. vegetation and wetlands in the 425,000-square- Costa Rica, California and Copenhagen have all taken drivers affecting the Property all originate outside up initiatives to curb greenhouse gas emissions and

38 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 39 ARTICLE 2 SEPTEMBER 2019

grant to the Great Barrier Reef Foundation, the This was confirmed in a confronting annual report The Great Barrier Reef outlook is ‘very poor’. government has allocated $100 million for reef card on the reef’s water quality, also released by restoration and adaptation projects over the next the Commonwealth and Queensland governments We have one last chance to save it. five years or so. on Friday. by Terry Hughes Solutions being supported by the foundation include a It showed authorities have failed to reach water quality sunscreen-like film to float on the water to prevent light targets set under the Reef 2050 Plan – Australia’s long- penetration, and gathering and reseeding coral spawn. term plan for improving the condition of the reef. Separately, Commonwealth funds are also being spent For example the plan sets a target that by 2025, 90% on projects such as giant underwater fans to bring of sugarcane land in reef catchments should have cooler water to the surface. adopted improved farming practices. However the But the scale of the problem is much, much larger than report showed the adoption had occurred on just 9.8% these tiny interventions. of land, earning the sugarcane sector a grade of “E”.

Climate change is not the only threat to the reef So yes, the reef is definitely in danger

The second biggest impact on the Great Barrier The 2019 Outlook Report and other submissions from Reef’s health is poor water quality, due to nutrient Australia will be assessed next year when the UNESCO and sediment runoff into coastal habitats. Effort World Heritage Committee meets to determine if the to address that problem are also going badly. Great Barrier Reef should be listed as “in danger” – an outcome the federal government will fight hard to avoid.

An in-danger listing would signal to the world that Major coral bleaching PHOTO BETTE WILLIS events in 2016 and 2017 the Reef was in peril, and put the federal government have devastated the reef. under greater pressure to urgently prevent further damage. Such a listing would be embarrassing for Australia, which presents itself as a world’s-best Tourists on the Great Barrier Reef, the outlook manager of its natural assets. for which has been officially rated “very poor” The Outlook Report maintains that the attributes of the Great Barrier Reef that led to its inscription as a world It’s official. The outlook for the Great Barrier Reef has The evidence on the reef’s condition is unequivocal heritage area in 1981 are still intact, despite the loss of been downgraded from “poor” to “very poor” by the close to half of the corals in 2016 and 2017. A logical national response to the Outlook Report Australian government’s own experts. would be a pledge to curb activity that contributes to But by any rational assessment, the Great Barrier That’s the conclusion of the latest five-yearly report global warming and damages the reef. Such action Reef is in danger. Most of the pressures on the reef from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, would include a ban on the new extraction of fossil are ongoing, and some are escalating – notably released on Friday. The report assessed literally fuels, phasing out coal-fired electricity generation, anthropogenic heating, also known as human-induced hundreds of scientific studies published on the transitioning to electrified transport, controlling land climate change. reef’s declining condition since the last report was clearing and reducing local stressors on the reef such And current efforts to protect the reef are published in 2014. as land-based runoff from agriculture. demonstrably failing. For example despite an ongoing The past five years were a game-changer. But federal Environment Minister Sussan Ley’s “control” program, outbreaks of the damaging crown- Unprecedented back-to-back coral bleaching episodes response to the outlook report suggested she saw no of-thorns starfish – triggered by poor water quality – in 2016 and 2017, triggered by record-breaking warm need to take dramatic action on emissions, when she have spread throughout the reef. sea temperatures, severely damaged two-thirds of the declared: “it’s the best managed reef in the world”. The federal government has recently argued that reef. Recovery since then has been slow and patchy. The federal government’s lack of climate action was climate change should not form the basis for an in- Looking to the future, the report said “the current underscored by another dire report card on Friday. danger listing, because rising emissions are not the rate of global warming will not allow the maintenance Official quarterly greenhouse gas figures showed responsibility of individual countries. But as Australia’s of a healthy reef for future generations […] the Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions have risen to the greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, the window of opportunity to improve the reef’s long-term highest annual levels since the 2012–13 financial year. continued downward trajectory of the Great Barrier future is now”. Reef is inevitable. But rather than meaningfully tackle Australia’s But that window of opportunity is being squandered contribution to climate change, the federal government so long as Australia’s and the world’s greenhouse gas has focused its efforts on fixing the damage wrought emissions continue to rise. on the reef. For example as part of a A$444 million https://theconversation.com/the-great-barrier-reef-outlook-is-very-poor-we-have-one-last- chance-to-save-it-122785

40 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 41 The ARC Centre of Excellence’s objective is to build included how to structure manuscripts effectively, human capacity and expertise in coral reef science the peer-review process, and building a portfolio of worldwide. Our capacity-building has a global footprint: publications. Joshua’s workshop was also offered to all in 2019, the Centre provided training and mentoring students attending the annual Australian Coral Reef to 124 international graduate students from 36 Society Conference in 2019, as part of the ARC Centre’s countries, representing 74% of our research student National Student Mentoring Day, a long-standing and membership. Almost 70% of the Centre’s Early Career popular event. Joshua also ran this popular workshop Researchers (ECRs) come from overseas. in Kenya and at the University of Rhode Island, USA.

Students and ECRs are essential contributors to the Communications and outreach was also a recurring Centre’s activities, publication outputs and success. feature of student and ECR training during 2019. In During 2019, the Centre provided supervision, research March, Alana Grech and Sean Connolly presented funding and support to 170 research students across a workshop on ‘Preparing your ARC ROPE’ for the four nodes of the Centre, >80% of whom are PhD ECRs submitting Australian Research Council grant students and 60% are women. Twenty-seven students applications. Michele Barnes led a session on completed their PhDs in 2019, while we welcomed 39 ‘How to wow the crowd with an effective scientific new graduate students. The ARC Centre also supports presentation’, focusing on both seminars and preparing 30 Early Career Researchers. for job interviews. Maria Nayfa, the Centre’s new Digital Communications Officer, led multi-nodal workshops The Centre has created an exciting and multi- on ‘Creating video content for social media’ and ‘Let’s disciplinary intellectual environment, with 52 students talk media’. Maria also ran workshops and one-to-one having multi-disciplinary advisory panels, and 50 mentoring sessions for students, on developing concise receiving cross-institutional supervision. oral presentations of their research. One participant, Alexandre Siqueira Correa, won both the judges and Key to the student experience in the Centre of Excellence popular prize at JCU’s ‘My research in three minutes’ is extensive mentoring and training opportunities, to competition before going on to represent JCU at the build the next generation of coral reef research leaders. national competition. GRADUATE AND EARLY CAREER TRAINING Quantitative and modeling skills continued to be a priority. For example, in March, 30 students and ECRs The ARC Centre supports a cross-nodal Student attended training courses in advanced statistics, using Committee and a Postdoctoral Committee, each of the R platform. Overwhelmingly positive feedback which is allocated funds and administrative support from participants reaffirmed the annual running of this to develop an annual program of professional course, presented by Murray Logan from our Centre- development. Thanks go to the 2019 Student partner the Australian Institute of Marine Science. Committee co-chairs, Katie Sievers and Shannon Weekly ‘CodeR’ group meetings, hosted by DECRA Fellow McMahon, and committee members Deborah Burn, Peter Cowman, provided statistics support, short talks Amy Coppock, Mike Mihalitsis, Henry Bartelet, Grace and workshops on R, Python and Bash programming Cole, Laura Puk, Karin Zweip and Netra Sagar from the languages. JCU, UQ and UWA nodes of the Centre. Thanks also to Peter Cowman and Jenni Donelson who chaired the Writing retreats are a new addition to the Centre’s Postdoc Committee in 2019. professional development program in 2019. Four retreats were hosted for students, in addition to A major focus of both committees is the design and weekly ‘Shut-up and Write’ sessions. The three-day implementation of the annual research student and retreats enable students to do extensive writing in ECR retreats, convened in conjunction with the ARC a supportive environment, removed from everyday Centre’s Annual Symposium. The 2019 student retreat distractions. Survey responses from students revealed was held in association with the Sydney Institute strong support for this activity, which encourages of Marine Science on Sydney Harbour. Fifty-three them to develop their thesis write-up in a collaborative Centre students benefitted from the opportunity to environment. collaborate with SIMS researchers, through scientific talks, presentations on how to review manuscripts, Scientific writing skills continues to be a major focus of and on creating an effective covering letter and CV for our training. Morgan Pratchett ran three workshops job applications. The ECR retreat featured a session on throughout the year, on efficient and effective scientific ‘Tips and Tricks for ARC Success’ as well as a series of writing. In August, Joshua Cinner hosted a ‘Getting scientific and career development presentations, and Published’ workshop for PhD students and ECRs. Topics a distinguished panel discussion featuring Gretta Pecl

42 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES PHOTO NICOLAS EVENSEN ANNUAL REPORT 2019 43 (University of Tasmania), Iain Suthers (UNSW), Martina • Rachel Spinks won an Australian Academy of Science 2019 PHD STUDENTS IN THE ARC CENTRE Doblin (UTS), Joey Dibattista (Curtin University) and Mobility Grant to attend the Re:produce workshop, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Matt England (UNSW). Both committees also organised and a Student Name University Country Thesis Title ARC Centre Advisers multiple social events across the four nodes of the Travel Grant to attend their workshop ‘Causes and Centre, enhancing the Centre’s inclusive and supportive Consequences of Inclusive Inheritance’ in Europe. Samantha Aird JCU Australia Socio-ecological dynamics in archaeological shellfish A Hoey fisheries: a case from the Keppel Islands, Great Barrier culture. • Sterling Tebbet’s research was supported by an Reef, Australia. International Coral Reef Society Graduate Fellowship ARC Centre of Excellence students received wide Mariana Alvarez Noriega JCU Mexico Competition and coexistence of reef-corals. (PhD S Connolly, A Baird, and an Orpheus Island Research Station Morris Family recognition for their research in 2019, for example: awarded) M Hoogenboom Trust Student Grant. Danielle Asson-Batzel JCU, AIMS, USA Multi-scale patterns of benthic species composition in R Pressey, S Connolly, • Jessica Cramp was appointed as an AAAS IF/THEN • Cassie Thompson won the Ron Kenny Student Poster CSIRO the Great Barrier Reef region and implications for spatial T Bridge Ambassador by the American Association for the Prize at the AMSA’s annual conference. management. Advancement of Science and Lyda Hill Philanthropies. • Carolyn Wheeler was awarded an Australia Graduate Eoghan Aston JCU United Spatial dynamics of tropical shallow marine habitats and A Hoey • Justin Geldard received a prestigious Keiran Education Scholarship from the American Australian Kingdom their related mobile marine faunal communities. McNamara World Heritage Scholarship, to represent Association, to support her PhD research. Kevin Bairos Novak JCU Canada Metapopulation dynamics of coral polyp dispersal and S Connolly, Australia at the international Our Ocean Youth • Jacqueline Lau received the 2019 Glenn Almany juvenile fish recruitment after severe bleaching events. M Hoogenboom Leadership Summit in Norway. Memorial Prize for her research in Papua New-Guinea Henry Bartelet JCU Netherlands The resilience of ecologically-dependent human G Cumming, • Camille Grimaldi won the Australian Marine Sciences on understanding the importance of ecosystem communities to disturbances within volatile social- S Connolly ecological systems. Association (AMSA) Diversity Prize for her presentation services in developing coastal communities. This at the 2019 conference. Camille and Mario Conde- prize is awarded to a Centre graduate student Anne Bauer-Civiello JCU USA From people to reef, marine debris and plastic pollution in M Hoogenboom Frias won Robson and Robertson Awards to support whose research required them to work with people north Queensland. their research. beyond traditional academic boundaries, to make Makeely Blandford JCU Australia Interactions between fish and coral reefs: the influence of M McCormick, A Hoey • Mila Grinblat was awarded the Robert Logan Memorial a difference or which has the potential to influence habitat degradation on fish communities. Bursary, to attend the workshop ‘At the roots of policy, management or practice. Joshua Bonesso UWA Australia Underpinning reef-island resilience to climate driven R Lowe bilaterian complexity: insights from early emerging Lau, J, Hicks, C, Gurney, G and Cinner, J (2019). What matters to changes in metocean states in the Pilbara Archipelago, whom and why? Understanding the importance of coastal North West, Western Australia. metazoans’ in Germany. Mila also won an Australian ecosystem services in developing coastal communities. Ecosystem Coral Reef Society (ACRS) Travel Award to attend the Services 35:219-230. Chloë Boote JCU United The larval development, microbiome, and stress response D Miller, A Moya Society’s 2019 conference, and she received an Kingdom of the mushroom coral Heliofunga actiniformis. • The ARC Centre’s Virginia Chadwick Awards recognise Orpheus Island Research Station Morris Family Trust the most five most outstanding publications each Ian Bouyoucos JCU, CRIOBE USA A challenging environment in a changing world for J Rummer Student Grant. juvenile sharks: ecological energetics of climate change year by ARC Centre of Excellence graduate students. with implications toward conservation. • Victor Huertas Martin and Ramona Brunner won In 2019, the recipients were Harry Clarke, Saskia ACRS Student Research Awards. Christopher Brunner JCU, AIMS Germany Cumulative impacts of water quality and climate M Hoogenboom Juriaans, Sun Kim, Renato Morais, and Ed Roberts, change (sea surface temperature warming and ocean • Kelly Hannan attracted a Sea World Research and who are based at three nodes of the Centre of acidification) on important reef species. Rescue Foundation Grant and was also awarded the Excellence – James Cook University, The University of Ramona Brunner JCU Germany The function and ligands of G-protein coupled receptors D Miller, A Moya 2019 Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation Fellowship. Queensland and The University of Western Australia: (gpcrs) in coral larvae settlement. • Jacqueline Lau won the best paper award at the MARE Clarke, H, D’Olivo, JP, Conde, M, Evans, RD and McCulloch, M (2019). Coral records of variable stress impacts and Cüneyt Caglar ANU Germany Sponge and coral regeneration: cellular and molecular M Adamska People and the Sea Conference, in Amsterdam. possible acclimatization to recent marine heat wave events characterisation of regeneration in reef-building on the Northwest Shelf of Australia. Paleoceanography and invertebrates. • Sarah Lawless won the best paper award at the Paleoclimatology 34(11): 1672-1688. Global Conference on Gender in Aquaculture and Paula Cartwright UWA Australia Metocean processes and anthropogenic influences in R Lowe Jurriaans, S and Hoogenboom, MA (2019). Thermal performance the southern coastal Pilbara/Exmouth Gulf: what are the Fisheries, in Bangkok. of scleractinian corals along a latitudinal gradient on the Great primary drivers of water quality and habitat distribution? Barrier Reef. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: • Michael McWilliam’s PhD thesis was awarded Cum Biological Sciences 374: 20180546. Laude at JCU. Leela Chakravarti JCU, AIMS, U United Manipulation of coral photosymbionts for enhancing M Hoogenboom Kim, SW, Sampayo, EM, Sommer, B, Sims, CA, Gómez-Cabrera, MDC, Melbourne Kingdom resilience to environmental change. (PhD awarded) • Pauline Narvaez and Laura Velasquez were awarded Dalton, SJ, Beger, M, Malcolm, HA, Ferrari, R, Fraser, N, Figueira, WF, Smith, SDA, Heron, SF, Baird, AH, Byrne, M, Eakin, CM, Edgar, Tory Chase JCU USA Effects of coral-dwelling damselfishes abundance and M Hoogenboom, travel grants to attend the Australian Society of Fish R, Hughes, TP, Kyriacou, N, Liu, G, Matis, PA, Skirving, WJ and diversity on host coral dynamics. (PhD awarded) M Pratchett Biology Conference, and Christopher Hemingson Pandolfi, JM (2019). Refugia under threat: mass bleaching of coral assemblages in high-latitude eastern Australia. Global Change Sivee Chawla JCU India Understanding ecosystem service choices made by G Cumming, won the Best Graduate Student Presentation at the Biology 25(11): 3918-3931. individual actors and their implications for social- T Morrison conference. Laura Velasquez also won a Company Morais, RA, Connolly, SR and Bellwood, DR (2019). Human ecological interactions. of Biologists Travel Grant, to attend the Society of exploitation shapes productivity-biomass relationships on coral reefs. Global Change Biology doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14941. Carolina Chong-Montenegro UQ, U.Exeter Ecuador Examining trajectories of decline of megafauna in our J Pandolfi Experimental Biology conference in Spain. coastal seas. Roberts, TE, Bridge, TCL, Caley, MJ, Madin, JS and Baird, AH (2019). • Carrie Sims and Pauline Narvaez were awarded Resolving the depth zonation paradox in reef-building corals. Harry Clarke UWA Australia Resolving the impacts of ocean warming and dredging in M McCulloch, Ecology 100(8):e02761. Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowments by the coral cores collected from the NW shelf of Australia. J P D’Olivo Cordero Ecological Society of Australia. Mia Theresa Bullecer JCU Philippines Strengthening catchment to sea connections by A Hoey, G Russ • Patrick Smallhorn-West was selected as an Explorer Comeros evaluating the impacts of water quality on parrotfishes in National Geographic’s 2019 Early Career and surgeonfish assemblages in American Samoa. Leadership Program.

44 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 45 Student Name University Country Thesis Title ARC Centre Advisers Student Name University Country Thesis Title ARC Centre Advisers

Mario Conde-Frias UWA Colombia Investigating the sediment dynamics within submerged R Lowe Bettina Glasl JCU, AIMS Austria Microbial Indicators for environmental stress and B Willis canopies for unidirectional and oscillatory flows. ecosystem health assessment.

Amy Coppock JCU United Climate change and disturbance events: the role of G Jones, M McCormick Saul Gonzalez Murcia JCU El Salvador The impact of parrotfishes on the coral new recruits. G Jones, G Russ Kingdom settlement behaviour and larval connectivity in changes to coral reef fish communities. Alexia Graba-Landry JCU Canada The effect of temperature on seaweed-herbivore A Hoey, M Pratchett interactions on tropical coral reef systems. Jessica Cramp JCU USA Evaluating the effectiveness of policy, fisheries R Pressey management tools and large-scale marine protected Shanna Grafeld JCU USA Market structures, trade networks and governance of M Barnes, J Cinner, areas on wide-ranging sharks. coral reef fisheries across a development gradient. T Morrison

Benjamin Cresswell JCU United The ecology of mesopredator fishes in reef networks: G Jones, Ruby Grantham JCU, United The temporal dynamics of reef fisheries as part of G Cumming, D Mills Kingdom considerations for conservation and fisheries M McCormick, WorldFish Kingdom diversified coastal livelihoods. management. H Harrison Camille Mathilde Grimaldi UWA, AIMS France Oceanography drivers of coral reef connectivity of north R Lowe Augustine Crosbie JCU, MTQ Australia Integrating physiological and environmental drivers of A Baird, T Bridge western Australia. depth zonation patterns on coral reefs. Mila Grinblat JCU Russia Sex change and gene expression in Fungia fungites coral. D Miller, P Cowman Amber Datta JCU, USA Untapped capacity for adaptation and transformation in M Barnes, T Morrison U.Montana coral reef social-ecological systems: exploring governance Rodrigo Gurdek JCU, AIMS Uruguay Spatial and temporal connectivity dynamics on the Great H Harrison and discourse in the Great Barrier Reef and Hawaiian Barrier Reef Marine Park using genomics and biophysical Islands modelling.

Daniel Raj David UWA India The interaction of WECs in an array and its influence on R Lowe Nataly Gutierrez Isaza UQ Colombia Ecological stoichiometry of corals, symbionts and J Pandolfi coastal processes. macroalgae along the latitudinal gradient in eastern Australia. Jonathan Day JCU Australia Planning and managing the Great Barrier Reef – R Pressey, T Morrison lessons learned for the future planning of the Reef and Nicholas Hammerman UQ USA Historical response of Red Sea coral habitats to J Pandolfi implications for marine protected areas elsewhere. environmental change.

Stephanie Di Perna JCU, AIMS Canada Coastal acidification in the benthic boundary layer on M Hoogenboom Kelly Hannan JCU USA The mechanisms underpinning maintained or enhanced J Rummer, P Munday inshore reefs: implications on water chemistry and performance of coral reef fishes under elevated carbon benthic communities. dioxide conditions.

Beatriz Diaz-Guijarro JCU Spain A comparison of the regeneration stages with D Miller, A Moya Kynan Hartog -Burnett JCU Australia Population ecology of common baitfish species in the M Kingsford developmental stages of corals including those in the Indo-Pacific. family Heliofungia. Margaux Hein JCU, CSIRO, Monaco Characterising the effectiveness of coral restoration to B Willis Andreas Dietzel JCU Germany Primary habitat requirements of key herbivorous fish and T Hughes, S Connolly GBRMPA build reef resilience: a socio-ecological perspective. (PhD stress-tolerant coral species in the Great Barrier Reef: awarded) which ecological factors govern their distribution and how Christopher Hemingson JCU USA The evolution, biogeography and ecological significance of D Bellwood, to draw lessons for coral reefs? colour in coral reef fishes. P Cowman Adam Downie JCU Canada How do coral reef fish develop into athletes? J Rummer, P Cowman Sybille Hess JCU Switzerland The effects of suspended sediments on the physiology J Rummer, A Hoey Ameer Ebrahim UQ, USC Seychelles The role of rabbitfish in a marine environment, and their P Mumby and behaviour of coral reef fishes. (PhD awarded) contribution towards the resilience of tropical coral reefs. Tessa Hill JCU, MTQ United Direct and indirect effects of ocean acidification on reef M Hoogenboom, Estefania Erazo Mera JCU Ecuador Assessing cumulative impacts of land use in the wet B Pressey, A Grech Kingdom corals. S-A Watson tropics catchments on the Great Barrier Reef: remote Kyle Hillcoat JCU Australia Latitudinal variations in age-based demography of three G Russ, G Jones sensing and Bayesian modelling for a new conservation large predatory reef fishes (Lutjanus sebae, Lutjanus planning scheme. malabaricus and Lutjanus erythropterus) in Queensland, Nicolas Evensen UQ, CSIRO United Bottlenecks of coral recovery on degraded reefs. (PhD P Mumby, YM Bozec Australia. Kingdom awarded) Lucy Holmes McHugh JCU Australia Power and participation in seascape conservation in the T Morrison, A Song, Legana Fingerhut JCU Netherlands Genome wide detection and evolutionary analysis of D Miller Anthropocene: how are new governance models turning P Cohen antimicrobial peptide repertoires in corals. the tide?

Fikri Firmansyah UQ Indonesia Optimizing fisheries management tools implementation P Mumby Jeremy Horowitz JCU, MTQ USA Predicting ‘the unknown unknowns’ in the global oceans: T Bridge, B Pressey, to sustain tropical reef fisheries. increasing certainty of species distributions to inform P Cowman conservation in marine ecosystems. Eric Fisher JCU, AIMS Australia Spawning aggregation sites on tropical reefs. M McCormick Victor Huertas Martin JCU, CNRS Spain Feeding ecology of corallivorous reef fishes. D Bellwood, Renan Fonseca da Silva UWA Brazil Understanding and predicting the impact of submerged R Lowe S Connolly structures on coastal processes with application to wave and rising CO , on P Munday, energy converters. Michael Jarrold JCU United The effects of natural variation in CO2 2 Kingdom coral reef fish. (PhD awarded) M McCormick Kerrie Fraser UQ, JCU Australia Marine protected areas: evaluating policy efficacy and J Pandolfi, R Pressey impact in conserving biodiversity. (PhD awarded) Dharini Jha JCU, AIMS India Investigation into artificial intelligence methods for M Hoogenboom hyperspectral image analysis in coral reef science Gemma Galbraith JCU United Submerged pinnacle coral reefs; reef fish ecology and G Jones, M McCormick applications. Kingdom functional connectivity. Saskia Jurriaans JCU, Centre Netherlands Thermal performance of scleractinian corals. (PhD M Hoogenboom, Justin Geldard UWA Australia Impact of surface wave hydrodynamics on coral reef R Lowe Scientifique awarded) S Connolly structures. de Monaco

46 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 47 Student Name University Country Thesis Title ARC Centre Advisers Student Name University Country Thesis Title ARC Centre Advisers

Tania Kenyon UQ Australia Physical and biological dynamics of post-disturbance coral P Mumby, S Dove Jose Montalvo Proano JCU, AIMS Ecuador Mechanisms involved in the potential acclimation of corals P Munday reef rubble fields. to future environmental conditions.

Catherine Kim UQ USA Determining drivers of benthic composition, marine O Hoegh-Guldberg, Renato Morais Araujo JCU Brazil Habitat effects on coral reef fish growth and biomass D Bellwood, biodiversity, and coral health in Timor-Leste. (PhD S Dove production. S Connolly awarded) Katie Motson JCU United The impacts of coral reef health on fish-parasite A Hoey Sun Kim UQ South Korea Evolution and ecology of coral range dynamics. (PhD J Pandolfi Kingdom interactions. awarded) Pauline Narvaez JCU France Food preferences of cleaner organisms and the impact of M McCormick Felicity Kuek JCU, AIMS Malaysia Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) metabolism within D Miller, A Moya cleaning interactions on pathogen transmission. the coral holobiont. Tiffany Nay JCU USA Temperature preferences of tropical fishes and the A Hoey, M Pratchett Bethan Lang JCU United The effect of ocean warming on the behaviour and fitness M Pratchett, A Hoey influence of local abiotic and biotic factors. Kingdom of post-settlement crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris). Sekondeko Ronnie Noga JCU Botswana Territorial use rights in small-scale fisheries management T Morrison and the role of collective governance for sustainable Marie Lapointe JCU Canada Understanding ecosystem service preferences and G Cumming, G Gurney fisheries in Botswana. wellbeing benefits along a rural-urban gradient. Nery Contti Neto UWA Brazil Field observations of sediment dynamics within coastal R Lowe Jacqueline Lau JCU, Australia ‘The Reef is our Garden’: expanding analysis of ecosystem J Cinner, G Gurney benthic ecosystems. U.Lancaster services in coastal communities. (PhD awarded) Samuel Payet JCU Australia The role of hybridisation in the evolution of coral reef H Harrison, G Jones, Taryn Laubenstein JCU USA Relationships between behavioural and physiological P Munday, J Rummer fishes. M Pratchett

performance under elevated CO2 in marine fishes. (PhD awarded) Katie Peterson JCU, QUT USA Ecological drivers of community stability in space and T Hughes, S Connolly time. Sarah Lawless JCU, Australia The diffusion of meta-norms in natural resource T Morrison, P Cohen, WorldFish governance. A Song Mark Priest UQ, Palau United A multi-disciplinary approach to predictive management P Mumby ICRC Kingdom of coral reef fisheries. Zoe Loffler JCU Australia The persistence of Sargassum communities on coral reefs: A Hoey, M Pratchett resilience and herbivory. (PhD awarded) Abdi Priyanto UQ, MMAF, Indonesia Marine spatial planning in Indonesia: options for P Mumby Indonesia improved efficiency. Jake Lowe JCU Australia Effects of no-take marine reserve protection on G Russ abundance and demography of tropical wrasses. Laura Puk UQ Germany Population dynamics of the brown Macroalga lobophora P Mumby sp. and its control by herbivorous fish. Chancey MacDonald JCU, MTQ New Zealand Depth as refuge: depth gradients in ecological pattern, G Jones, T Bridge process, and risk mitigation among coral reef fishes. (PhD Veronica Radice UQ USA Trophic ecology and microbial communities of shallow O Hoegh-Guldberg, awarded) and deep reef-building corals of the Maldives, Indian S Dove Ocean. (PhD awarded) Eva Maire JCU, France Socio-ecological drivers of fish biomass on coral reefs: The J Cinner, A Hoey U.Montpellier importance of accessibility, protection and key species. Jeremy Raynal JCU USA Assessing the potential for recreational fishing to R Pressey (PhD awarded) contribute to conservation of coastal marine species and habitats. Samuel Matthews JCU, AIMS Australia Modelling tools for the management of crown-of-thorns M Pratchett, starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris) outbreaks on Australia’s V Messmer Johan Risandi UWA Indonesia Assessing the hydrodynamics and morphodynamics of a R Lowe Great Barrier Reef. (PhD awarded) reef-fringed pocket beach.

Emmanuel Mbaru (p51) JCU, Kenya Diffusion of a gear-based conservation innovation: J Cinner, T Morrison, Arnold van Rooijen UWA, Netherlands Wave-driven hydromechanics in coastal canopies. (PhD R Lowe U.Lancaster adoption patterns and social-ecological outcomes. (PhD M Barnes Deltares awarded) awarded) Cristina Ruano Chamorro JCU Spain Equity in fisheries co-management: social-ecological J Cinner, G Gurney Eva McClure JCU Australia No-take marine reserve performance under varying G Russ, A Hoey determinants and trade-offs. environmental and anthropogenic influences. (PhD awarded) Alfonso Ruiz Moreno JCU Spain Spatial and temporal dynamics of reef fish diversity: S Connolly, community ecology and phylogenetics. D Bellwood Shannon McMahon JCU Australia Effects of rising water temperature and food availability J Donelson, P Munday on predatory reef fish. Edmond Sacre JCU Australia Developing spatial prioritisation strategies to maximise R Pressey conservation impact. (PhD awarded) Jennifer McWhorter UQ, U.Exeter United Coral reef futures under climate change and ocean P Mumby Kingdom acidification. Netramani (Netra) Sagar UWA India Reconstructing climate and anthropogenic signals on M McCulloch, the Indian Ocean margins using geochemistry of marine A Sadekov Michael McWilliam JCU United The functional diversity and redundancy of corals. (PhD T Hughes, calcifiers. Kingdom awarded Cum laude) M Hoogenboom Ayse Defne Sahin UWA Turkey Assessing the response of shallow water and deep-sea M McCulloch, Matheus Antonio Mello UQ Brazil Porites cylindrica (Dana, 1846), a resilient coral found S Dove zooxanthellae corals to climate change using geochemical V Schoepf, R Lowe Athayde on the Great Barrier Reef: present and future coral proxies. physiology. Katie Sambrook JCU, CNRS United Beyond the reef: the influence of seascape structure on A Hoey, G Cumming Michalis Mihalitsis JCU Greece Predator-prey interactions in coral reef fishes: ecology D Bellwood, Kingdom fish communities and ecological processes on reefs. and function. S Connolly Jodie Schlaefer JCU Australia Determining the population structures of cubozoan M Kingsford Rebecca Millington UQ, U.Exeter United Modelling the role of biodiversity in ecosystem resilience P Mumby jellyfishes with biophysical modelling. Kingdom to climate change. Molly Scott JCU, AIMS Australia Spatial and temporal variation in movement patterns M Pratchett Meira Mizrahi JCU Australia Maximizing potential impact of marine protected R Pressey and behaviour of a large, coral reef mesopredator, area (MPA) placement: an integrated socio-economic Plectropomus leopardus, on the Great Barrier Reef. (PhD perspective. awarded)

48 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 49 Student Name University Country Thesis Title ARC Centre Advisers GRADUATE PROFILE: EMMANUEL MBARU Katherine Sievers JCU USA The influence of multiple habitat types on no take marine G Russ, G Jones reserve performance, fish community structure, and demographics of important fishery species. Emmanuel Mbaru grew up in the coastal city of Mombasa, Kenya, where he spent his early Tiffany Sih JCU, AIMS USA Diving into the deep-end: investigating tropical deep-reef M Kingsford life close to the ocean. It was natural therefore that his undergraduate studies were in fish assemblages. (PhD awarded) Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, at Moi University. As part of his undergraduate degree, he Carrie Sims UQ Australia Community ecology of corals and their symbionts. J Pandolfi visited public and private institutions involved in research and management of water and

Alexandre Siqueira Correa JCU Brazil Regulators of coral reef diversity through space and time. P Cowman, fisheries resources in Kenya. It was because of these amazing field trips that he became D Bellwood passionate in pursuing a career in fisheries research.

Patrick Smallhorn-West JCU, MTQ Canada Efficacy of community-based marine management in the G Jones, T Bridge, After graduating, Mbaru was employed as a research associate in a World Bank-funded Kingdom of Tonga. B Pressey, G Gurney project to assess the sustainability of fisheries in the western Indian Ocean, and to build Blake Spady JCU, MTQ USA Effects of diel CO cycles on the early development and S-A Watson, 2 capacity among fisheries scientists in the region. Through this project, he received financial behaviour of coral reef fishes under ocean acidification. P Munday, (PhD awarded) support for a MSc in Fisheries Science at Rhodes University, South Africa. Subsequently, he worked closely with local and international NGOs to develop local management of Jessica Spijkers JCU, Sweden The future for governing highly migratory straddling T Morrison, Kenya’s nearshore fisheries. This research was prompted by the introduction of increased U.Stockholm stocks: conflict or cooperation? G Cumming management restrictions in Kenya, and the Rachel Spinks JCU Australia Keeping up with climate change: the evolutionary P Munday, J Donelson need to develop alternative fishing methods potential of coral reef fishes to rising sea temperature. to ensure the sustainability of fisheries. Robert Streit JCU Kenya Spatial ecology and space use in browsing herbivorous D Bellwood, The connection between conservation and reef fishes: ecological drivers and effects on ecosystem G Cumming people’s livelihoods became a growing function. interest in Mbaru’s career, and one he Sarah Sutcliffe JCU, Australia Macro and micro level determinants of the contribution of J Cinner, M Barnes, wished to develop further. WorldFish fish to nutritional security. A Song

Siham Afatta Kemal Taruc UQ Indonesia An assessment of the sustainability and resilience of O Hoegh-Guldberg Enrolment as a PhD student in the ARC livelihoods within an Indonesian marine social-ecological Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies system. (PhD awarded) changed Mbaru’s future direction as a Sterling Tebbett JCU Australia The functioning of future coral reefs: fishes, sediments D Bellwood, fisheries scientist. Importantly, his thesis and productivity. S Connolly project was based on his experience studying the coastal fisheries in Kenya, and Tullia Isotta Terraneo JCU, KAUST Italy Species boundaries in the coral genus Porites: an A Baird, D Miller integrated approach. it examined how conservation interventions affect both people and the environment. Jodi Thomas JCU New Zealand The neurobiological mechanisms through which ocean P Munday, acidification effects invertebrate behaviours. S-A Watson He explored these issues by examining the introduction of the escape slot trap Damian Thomson JCU Australia Resilience of coral assemblages in NW Australia. A Hoey, M Pratchett in coastal Kenya, an initiative to reduce Cheng-Han Tsai JCU, AIMS Taiwan The structure and dynamics of reef fish communities. S Connolly, fisheries bycatch (incidental take). This D Bellwood intervention was introduced with the Laura Velasquez Jimenez JCU Colombia Effects of boat noise on parental contributions to the M McCormick, G Jones explicit aim of protecting biodiversity, by dynamics of coral reef fishes. harvesting fish species at sizes that ensure

Casey Whalen JCU USA Coral mediation of associated microbial community. D Miller, A Moya sustainability of the local fishery. The research drew on social science theories Carolyn Wheeler JCU, U. Mass USA Quantifying life history energetics of an oviparous J Rummer and breakthroughs in functional ecology elasmobranch subject to future warming waters. research. Mbaru’s results affirmed the viability of the escape slot trap as a sound gear-based Adam Wilkinson JCU United The identification of potential links between J Brodie conservation innovation for coral reef fisheries. Kingdom fibropapillomatosis prevalence in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) and toxic metal contamination along the Shortly after his return to Kenya, and following the submission of his thesis in Australia, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Mbaru moved to a new national Mariculture and Fisheries Research Centre. There he is Jennifer Wilmes JCU Belgium Spatial variation in the density and demography of newly M Pratchett, A Hoey, working to develop fisheries monitoring programmes, and to assist in the development settled crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris). V Messmer of fisheries innovations in Kenya. His unique knowledge on conservation and fisheries Jessica Zamborain Mason JCU Spain Towards the sustainability of coral reef fisheries: a S Connolly, J Cinner management will help practitioners and resource managers to implement innovations and functional approach. further influence fisheries practices in Kenya. Mbaru is currently running three projects that Jia Zhang JCU China Genome wide analysis of natural selection in thermally D Miller advance the work he did during his PhD. His approach has significance and wide appeal in tolerant coral communities from North Western Australia. many areas, such as, community development studies, participatory research, community Kim Zoeller JCU South Africa Understanding the production of cultural ecosystem G Cumming, G Gurney intervention, and behaviour change. He is very excited about this opportunity to contribute services and benefits. to the management of marine resources in his home country.

Karin Zwiep UQ Netherlands Using DNA to reconstruct past coral reef ecosystems. J Pandolfi

50 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 51 ARTICLE 28 OCTOBER 2019

The ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, “Feeling overwhelmed is a natural part of any PhD “You easily feel helpless and overwhelmed”: headquartered at James Cook University in Townsville, but witnessing and documenting an ecosystem as is particularly distinguished in the field of marine marvellous as the Great Barrier Reef degrade so What it’s like being a young person studying science. We sat down with three ARC students to ask significantly over the course of your own PhD comes them what it’s like studying the Great Barrier Reef in with its own challenges,” Andreas says. the midst of the climate crisis. the Great Barrier Reef “The question I have often asked myself is how to make a difference as a PhD student or early-career scientist by Angela Heathcote and significantly add to a body of knowledge that has Andreas Dietzel too often fallen on deaf ears with politicians.

“Building the emotional resilience to not let your It’s not unusual for a young PhD student studying the Great Barrier Reef to watch the professional life impact your private life too much is particularly challenging when you are not only trying to coral they’d been observing for months bleach in just a single summer. be part of the solution but your Western lifestyle also makes you part of the problem.”

The biggest challenge for young marine scientists, Andreas foresees, is factoring in the possibility of “We have to relearn how the system is now working,” disturbances affecting their research projects, such as he says. “It is a huge research challenge for the next loss of coral. generation of marine scientists. “Having a back-up plan and being able to adjust your “Many of my students have had to redesign their goals and methods quickly will be essential. projects because their corals died, but I tell them to “As disturbances become more frequent and larger, hang in there because there has never been a greater reefs and reef dynamics will resemble their historic need for coral reef researchers.” counterparts less and less.

Queensland is the unofficial home of marine science in “On one of my first trips to the GBR, we surveyed a Australia given its proximity to institutions such as the breathtaking reef. Back at the surface I shared my excitement with my colleagues, who were quick to note Australian Institute for Marine Science and the Great Andreas began his PhD on the Great Barrier Reef in that most reefs used to look like this or better. Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, and the Reef itself. 2015, and following the bleaching events of 2016- –2017, adapted the focus of his research to explore the “The baseline of what a pristine reef should look like consequences of the unprecedented event. has and will continue to shift as reefs continue to Madeline is currently undertaking a PhD in marine spatial planning at the University of Alongside Terry Hughes, Andreas helped map the 2016 degrade.” Queensland that she hopes will inform robust conservation plans for the Great Barrier Reef, bleaching event in the northern Great Barrier Reef (the and coral reefs around the world. data was included on the map tweeted by Terry). Alexia Graba-Landry “My colleagues and I were just on our way back IN 2016, ONE of Australia’s most respected coral from two physically and mentally challenging weeks In total, Alexia has spent over 600 field-work days on biologists Terry Hughes tweeted a graph depicting the surveying the most severely bleached reefs in the far the Great Barrier Reef for extreme coral bleaching event that occurred on the north, when we heard the news that Donald Trump both her PhD research and Great Barrier Reef in 2016. had just been elected president of the USA,” Andreas related projects. Alongside the graph, Terry wrote, “I showed the says. Alexia’s PhD investigates results of aerial surveys of #bleaching on the “A feeling of shock and disbelief mixed with the the influence of temperature on fish-algae interactions #GreatBarrierReef to my students, and then we wept.” sobering realisation that the chances of averting on coral reefs. The northern parts of the Great Barrier Reef were further climate breakdown, whose impact on even the the hardest hit, with 81 per cent considered “severely most remote parts of the Reef we had just witnessed, “This is important because by eating the algae, the fish bleached”. The central third of the Great Barrier Reef was quickly dwindling. keep the algae in a cropped state, and make space for suffered even more bleaching in 2017. This was the corals to settle and grow,” Alexia explains. “When mass bleaching returned in 2017, the fear that first ever recorded back-to-back bleaching event climate change was already here now and not a distant, “Understanding how this important process might caused by global heating from CO emissions. 2 slowly unfolding threat, became stronger and has change as oceans continue to heat up can give us an In the November/December issue of Australian stayed with me ever since.” idea of what reefs might look like into the future.” Geographic (on sale 7 November 2019), Terry further While Andreas didn’t expect his PhD to be easy, it’s Alexia’s thorough knowledge of the Great Barrier Reef detailed the challenges faced by young coral reef come with added stress. gave her the opportunity to work as a camera assistant scientists.

52 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 53 ARTICLE 28 OCTOBER 2019

In 2019, the Centre provided training and and dive supervisor for the BBC’s Blue Planet 2 program. mentoring to 170 But the long amount of time she’s spent on the Reef has opened her eyes to the graduate students, 124 immense pressure its under.

“Studying climate change and the of whom came from 36 Great Barrier Reef can sometimes be overwhelming, particularly when the overseas countries. results of your studies confirm just how vulnerable coral reefs are to climate change.

“Coral reefs are one of the most threatened ecosystems, and during my short time researching the reef, I have witnessed the devastating effects of recurrent cyclones, and recurrent coral “With catastrophic events like this, it is incredibly bleaching events, and widespread coral mortality.” hard to be optimistic about the future, but as a coral reef scientist, I think it’s a part of my role to motivate Alexia was a part of surveys that quantified the coral citizens to stay informed and engaged,” Madeline says loss of the northern parts of the Great Barrier Reef, where she’d already witnessed the impacts of cyclones “It is really challenging to navigate the media reports Nathan and Ita years before. and persistent questions about whether the reef is ‘really’ dead. It is incredibly hard to give decisive “I think a big challenge for young people studying the answers about an uncertain future when we don’t Reef is that they will never get to see it as it was. know ourselves, and so much depends on whether or “I don’t think any of us will ever get to fully comprehend not people take action. what a pristine reef looks like, or that it was right in our backyards. “It’s also especially hard to keep studying and working in coral reef conservation when it often feels like all this “Our reefs will be different to the generations before hard work and research is ignored by those who have us: lower in biodiversity and complexity.” power to make the changes we need to see to ensure the Reef retains its wonder and global importance.”

Madeline Davey Madeline says, however, that she personally witnessed how the back-to-back bleaching event got Australians Madeline is currently undertaking a PhD in marine more concerned about the science of climate change. spatial planning at the University of Queensland that she hopes will inform robust conservation plans for the “I’ve been a CoralWatch ambassador since 2017, which Great Barrier Reef, and coral reefs around the world. gave me good insight into the number of concerned For Madeline, the biggest challenges for young marine citizens who wanted to know more about what coral scientists is facing the reality that much of your bleaching is, and what they can do to help prevent research will be ignored, as well as reading media further devastation to our reef.” reports that misrepresent the current trajectory of the The biggest challenge for young marine scientists, Great Barrier Reef. Madeline says, is centred on innovation, specifically the The 2016–2017 bleaching event left Madeline feeling question, “how can we assist in rapid recovery of coral sad, but mostly defeated. reef ecosystems?”

https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/science-environment/2019/10/you-easily-feel- helpless-and-overwhelmed-what-its-like-being-a-young-person-studying-the-great-barrier-reef/

54 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES PHOTO CHRISTOPHER BRUNNER ANNUAL REPORT 2019 55 NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LINKAGES

The ARC Centre of Excellence is a global hub for engagement and uptake of our research by end-users Clarivate Highly Cited Researcher. Jodie Rummer also Barrier Reef. The ARC Centre’s research goals are multidisciplinary coral reef research. Collaborations around the world. These links are further strengthened works closely with Serge Planes on a shark research strongly aligned with the scientific information needs associated with our research continue to grow. They by the ARC Centre’s governance structure (p66). program at the Centre de Recherche Insulaire et of GBRMPA. Consequently, GBRMPA’s partnership are exemplified by the number of cross-institutional Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), a research with the ARC Centre provides them with direct access publications, the countries in which we undertake Australian Institute of Marine Science centre supported by the CNRS in French Polynesia. ARC to the ARC Centre’s expertise and advice. GBRMPA fieldwork, the workshops and working group meetings The Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) is Centre PhD students, Ian Bouyoucos, Victor Huertes is embedded within the ARC Centre’s governance we convene, and the number of international visitors the ARC Centre’s major Australian research partner Martin and Katie Sambrook are co-supervised by CNRS structure (p66), to facilitate research planning and the we host annually. The Centre’s research profile and outside of the University sector. AIMS undertakes a researchers. Ian and Victor have been undertaking exchange of information and data. In 2019, GBRMPA’s reputation has attracted 198 international graduate range of research on tropical marine environments studies to understand the capacity for newborn newly appointed Chief Executive Officer, Josh Thomas students since 2014 (p42), including 26 new graduate and aquaculture and is responsible for the long-term sharks in French Polynesia to acclimate and adapt to joined the Centre’s Advisory Board, and the Authority’s enrolments from 14 countries in 2019. monitoring of the Great Barrier Reef. AIMS increasingly climate change conditions. In December, Jodie held Chief Scientist, Dr David Wachenfeld, is a member a workshop at CRIOBE for 12 French and Polynesian of the Centre’s Scientific Management Committee. In 2019, ARC Centre researchers published 313 journal provides research services to industry, including Masters students, on the conservation and physiology GBRMPA managers receive regular updates, advice and articles with cross-institutional co-authorship, involving oil and gas companies, government agencies, port of sharks. collaborators from 445 institutions in 69 countries. authorities and other clients and partners, particularly briefings on the Reef from ARC Centre researchers. For in Queensland, Western Australia and the Northern example, in 2019, Josh Thomas met repeatedly with Centre researchers convened 23 international working Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority groups and workshops, involving >300 external Territory. Dr Paul Hardisty, the AIMS Chief Executive Centre researchers to discuss our current research researchers and stakeholders. Across the four nodes Officer, is a member of the Centre’s Advisory Board The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, and of the ARC Centre, we hosted 79 international visitors while AIMS’ senior principal research scientist, Janice (GBRMPA), the Australian government agency with pathways for the uptake of research into management. from 25 countries during the year. Lough is a very active Partner Investigator in the the primary responsibility of protecting and managing In August, GBRMPA and the Centre co-hosted an Centre. AIMS and the ARC Centre share valuable the Great Barrier Reef, is the ARC Centre’s most inaugural ‘speed-networking’ event attended by 40 Our fieldwork was conducted in 28 countries in infrastructure, co-supervise graduate students (18 important end-user in Australia. GBRMPA’s role is to participants from the two organisations, to facilitate 2019, and the resulting outputs, media uptake, in 2019) and co-fund two postdoctoral fellows: Hugo assess, inform, and implement government policies linkages, research updates and management priorities. public outreach and impact is global (p62). The Harrison who was appointed in 2019, and Kristen to maintain the environmental quality of the Great Terry Hughes was appointed by the Commonwealth ARC Centre’s researchers are major contributors Anderson. AIMS and ARC Centre researchers co- to intergovernmental organisations such as the authored 50 journal articles in 2019, focussing mainly Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), on research on the Great Barrier Reef and on reefs in the World Bank, UNESCO, Programme on Ecosystem Western Australia. Change and Society (PECS), and the International PHOTO TANIA KENYON Council for Science (ICSU). Centre personnel are also Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique appointed to many editorial boards of international (CNRS), France journals. Five Centre research leaders are Fellows of The Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique the Australian Academy of Science: David Bellwood, (CNRS) is France’s major research organisation. CNRS Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Terry Hughes, Malcolm conducts a globally-significant program of coral reef McCulloch and Bob Pressey. Malcolm McCulloch is also research, centred on field laboratories and other a Fellow of The Royal Society (UK). research facilities in French Polynesia, New Caledonia, In addition to our partnership with the Australian the Indian Ocean and the Caribbean. The ARC Centre’s Institute of Marine Science, and the Great Barrier partnership with CNRS is led by Partner Investigator Reef Marine Park, the ARC Centre has formal Professor Serge Planes. In 2019, CNRS collaborations international partnership agreements with the Center with the ARC Centre generated 44 journal articles, with for Ocean Solutions at Stanford University, France’s 95 French co-authorships. For example, Geoff Jones, Centre National de la Recherche Scientific (CNRS), Serge Planes and others generated significant and and WorldFish in Malaysia. Centre researchers also global media attention on an Ecology Letters publication collaborate extensively with four major international which reported that the reproductive success of the non-government organisations (NGOs) – The Nature clownfish depends almost entirely on having a high- Conservancy (TNC), the Worldwide Fund for Nature quality anemone home. Joshua Cinner’s collaboration (WWF), the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), and with David Mouillot at the University of Montpellier has Conservation International (CI). These collaborations also generated a number of high profile publications, result in tangible outcomes and impacts, including the including in 2019, in Nature Ecology and Evolution development of trans-disciplinary research projects, and Scientific Advances. David is a frequent visitor co-tutelle PhDs, visiting scholar exchanges, recruitment to the JCU node of the Centre, and he identifies the of co-funded postdoctoral fellows, and enhanced Centre of Excellence as his secondary affiliation as a

56 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 57 International visitors to the Centre in 2019

government to review the 2019 Great Barrier Reef WorldFish, Malaysia In 2019, the ARC Centre of Excellence hosted 79 visitors from 25 countries at its four nodes (GBR) Outlook Report. Produced every five years, the WorldFish is an international non-profit scientific Outlook Report is an assessment of the GBR and its Name Overseas institution Country agency headquartered in Malaysia, undertaking future. It forms part of Australia’s State Party reports research projects in Africa, Asia and the Pacific. It has Dr Dominic Andradi-Brown World Wildlife Fund United States to UNESCO on the status of World Heritage properties. a global staff of about 330, permanent offices in seven Chelsey Beese Victoria University of Wellington New Zealand Ove Hoegh-Guldberg and Terry Hughes are members countries, and ongoing projects in 25 countries. Its of the Independent Expert Panel which provides expert Dr Francesca Benzoni King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia objective is to improve food and nutrition security advice to GBRMPA, and the Queensland and Federal and to reduce poverty for the 800 million people Prof Debashish Bhattacharya Rutgers University United States governments on the Great Barrier Reef. In October globally who depend on fisheries and aquaculture. Terry Hughes, David Wachenfeld and Ian Chubb Dr Ben Bolker McMaster University Canada The ARC Centre and WorldFish share a common provided a briefing to the Australian Government research interest in the dynamics and sustainable Dr Jamie Caldwell Stanford University United States on the science of climate change for the Great interaction between human societies and coral reef- Dr Afrina Choudhury WorldFish India Barrier Reef. An additional briefing on this topic was associated fisheries. WorldFish and the ARC Centre provided to the Honourable Sussan Ley, Minister for Dr Pip Cohen WorldFish Malaysia have a strong ongoing and productive partnership, the Environment. Peter Mumby, Karlo Hock, George which in 2019 generated 22 co-authored publications Dr Amber Dance Nature Magazine United States Roff and Yves-Marie Bozec (p24) are working with – comprising 16 journal articles, 4 book chapters and GBRMPA managers to develop a ‘resilient reef dataset’ Dr Emily Darling Wildlife Conservation Society United States 2 reports. Joshua Cinner led a high-profile paper in to inform crown-of-thorns starfish control. During PNAS which presented a 16-year analysis of ecological Prof Rob DeSalle American Museum of Natural History United States 2019, Centre researchers David Williamson, Garry outcomes and perceived livelihood impacts from Dr Michelle Devlin Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science United Kingdom Russ and Geoff Jones continued to deliver findings to coral reef management initiatives in Papua New GBRMPA on their assessment of the ecological effects Adele Dixon University of Leeds United Kingdom Guinea. During 2019, the WorldFish collaboration was of fishing on inshore reefs of the GBR. In November, further strengthened by the appointment of small- Luiz Dos Santos Ribas Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia Brazil Centre researchers Scott Heron, Janice Lough and scale fisheries expert Dr Jacqueline Lau. Jacqueline others joined GBRMPA managers for presentations, Sarah Erickson University of California Davis United States joins Danika Kleiber and Andrew Song as co-funded information exchange and discussions in GBRMPA’s Prof Francini Filho Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brazil research fellows, and David Mills, a WorldFish senior Pre-Summer Reef Health Workshop, a forum for scientist, based at the JCU node of the Centre. As part Prof Maoz Fine Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences Israel planning and coordinating upcoming monitoring and of the WorldFish collaboration, Jennifer Lappin and research activities. Prof Amatzia Genin InterUniversity Institute for Marine Sciences Israel Tiffany Morrison attended the international FISH CRP Justin Gilligan National Geographic United States Queensland Museum management committee meetings in Myanmar and Penang, respectively. Jacqueline Lau presented her Dr Chelcia Gomese WorldFish Malaysia The Museum of Tropical Queensland, in Townsville, research at the 5th Global Science Conference on Dr Paul Halloran University of Exeter United Kingdom is one of five museums in the Queensland Museum Climate-Smart Agriculture, in Bali. She also attended Network. The Museum is internationally renowned the ‘Regional workshop for the development of an Prof Ben Halpern NCEAS and University of California, Santa Barbara United States for its marine biological collections, and it houses the integrated livelihoods approach for Pacific Island Faridul Haque WorldFish India world’s largest and most significant collection of reef small-scale fishing communities’, co-hosted by the corals. The collection is an invaluable resource for ARC Centre and WorldFish on Magnetic Island, in Dr Saki Harii University of Ryukyus Japan understanding the diversity and evolutionary history November. Also in November, joint Centre/WorldFish Zinat Hasiba WorldFish India of corals and coral reefs, as well as for quantifying research fellow Danika Kleiber (p16) hosted the Prof Jim Haywood University of Exeter United Kingdom the magnitude of changes to coral reef systems in the WorldFish Gender team meeting, at the ARC Centre Anthropocene. Museums are increasingly recognised at JCU. Danika also delivered the capacity building Dr Tessa Hempson Oceans without Borders South Africa as holding a key role for both documenting and webinar Gender Equity and Equality in the Small- Dr Missaka Hettiarachchi WWF International United States conserving biodiversity, and also in communicating to Scale Fisheries Guidelines in April 2019. PhD students the broader public. The ARC Centre has strengthened Sarah Lawless, Sarah Sutcliffe and Ruby Grantham, Dr Jules Jaffe University of California, San Diego United States its linkages to the Museum by co-appointments of who are jointly supervised by Centre and WorldFish Prof Michal Kowalewski Florida Museum of Natural History and the University of Florida United States two researchers: Tom Bridge and Sue-Ann Watson researchers, benefited hugely from participation in Philip Kuhel Columbia University United States now occupy Senior Curator co-funded positions at the these activities. In recognition of the strength of the Queensland Museum as well as at the ARC Centre. In Centre’s relationship with WorldFish, Pip Cohen was Liam Lachs University of Leeds United Kingdom 2019, six PhD students were jointly supervised by the appointed to the Centre’s Advisory Board in 2019. Pip Dr Jonathan Lambrechts University of Belgium Belgium ARC Centre and Museum, Augustine Crosbie, Tessa is Research Leader of the Global Program on Resilient Hill, Jeremy Horowitz, Chancey MacDonald, Patrick Small-Scale Fisheries, at WorldFish. The Centre’s Dr Sjannie Lefevre University of Oslo Norway Smallhorn-West and Blake Spady. ongoing collaboration with WorldFish creates strong Bruce Lendon Australian High Commissioner to the Caribbean Trinidad and Tobago links to end-users, including local communities, many Partnering with the ARC Centre has also provided the Jonathan Levine Princeton University United States inter-governmental organisations and NGOs, and Museum with an increased capacity to participate to the governments of many developing countries, Prof Don Levitan Florida State University United States in field work and make new collections of Australia’s particularly in the Coral Triangle region. unique marine biodiversity. In 2019, five public outreach Prof Oren Levy Bar-Ilan University Israel events were facilitated by the collaboration. In 2019, Timothy Lewis Columbia University United States this new collaboration resulted in 13 co-authored publications.

58 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 59 Name Overseas institution Country

Neil Maginnis University of Denmark Denmark

Dr Sangeeta Mangubhai Wildlife Conservation Society Fiji

Dr Laurence McCook South China Sea Institute of Oceanology China

Dr Cynthia McDougall WorldFish Malaysia

Julia McDowell Université de Montpellier France

Joshua Modeste Columbia University United States

Prof David Mouillot Université de Montpellier France

Prof Ryan Mulligan Queen’s University Canada

Dr Julie Newton WorldFish Malaysia

Prof Goran Nilsson University of Oslo Norway

Dr Steven Palmer University of Exeter United Kingdom

Bruna Pereira Luz Universidade Federal do Paraná Brazil

Prof Serge Planes Centre de Recherches Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CNRS) France University of Perpignan

Dr Surendran Rajaratnam WorldFish Malaysia

Prof Matt Reidenbach University of Virginia United States

Dr Alf Ring Kleiven Institute of Marine Research Norway

Giovanna Sabini-Leite Smith College United States

Antoine Saint Amand Université Catholique de Louvain Belgium

Diego Salgueiro Otera University of Barcelona Spain

Julie Schlieger University of Paris France

Dr Molly Scott University of Hawaii United States

Lydia Sheyda School for International Training United States

Prof Brian Silliman Duke University United States

Gideon Singer Purdue University United States

Dr Fred Sinniger University of Ryukyus Japan

Prof Simon Sprecher University of Fribourg Switzerland

Dr Yusuke Sudo Okinawa Prefectural Fisheries and Ocean Research Center Japan

Dr Ruth Thurstan University of Exeter United Kingdom

Dr Ap van Dongeren Deltares Netherlands

Clara Vie University of Strasbourg France

Prof Stephan von Cramon-Taubadel University of Gottingen Germany

Prof Christian Voolstra University of Konstanz Germany

Dr Arthur Webb United Nations Development Program Fiji

Prof Kerstin Wiegand University of Gottingen Germany

Dr Syafyudin Yusuf Hasanuddin University Indonesia

Dr Mikolaj Zapalski University of Warsaw Poland

Dr Fernando Zapata Universidad del Valle Colombia

Crab in a ‘forest’ of Black Sun Coral (Tubastrea) taken by PhD student Tania Kenyon on a night dive to the Rannimari wreck, Ihuru Island, Maldives, towards the end of a field trip.

60 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES PHOTO TANIA KENYON ANNUAL REPORT 2019 61 COMMUNICATIONS, MEDIA AND PUBLIC OUTREACH

The ARC Centre has a highly successful strategy of international documentaries, TV shows, as well as Sophie Dove, Andrew Baird, and Terry Hughes briefed Board in Canada, to bring corals reefs, biodiversity and for communicating research findings to a diverse News and Radio interviews. the United States’ National Oceanic and Atmospheric climate change to students in grades 6-9. Also this year, audience. For example, the Centre’s communications Administration (NOAA) on listing specific corals on Verena Schoepf shared her research internationally

program actively promotes research outcomes FOLLOWER DEMOGRAPHICS the IUCN Red List, and on the status of the Great through Skype a Scientist, where she spoke to students through traditional and digital platforms. The Centre’s Barrier Reef, and coral bleaching. Morgan Pratchett in Singapore and the UK. comprehensive website recorded 11.8 million hits in Ter 9.1K contributed to the Northern Territory Ecological Risk 2019. The Centre’s weekly multi-nodal seminar series, Assessment, for the Northern Territory Aquarium Plenary talks which is publicly accessible through the Centre’s Fishery. Rene Abesamis, Garry Russ, and Angel Alcala In 2019, ARC Centre researchers delivered 43 keynote YouTube channel, hosted 31 online presentations conducted several government briefings in the addresses in 18 countries across the globe. For during 2019. Other presentations include a Women Philippines, on the design and establishment of marine Feboo 3.1K example, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg was an invited plenary in Science video of early career researcher Natalia reserves and marine protected areas. speaker at the 24th World Energy Congress in Abu Dhabi, Andrade Rodriguez, which was featured on the Jon Brodie provided expert input to the Australian where he spoke about ‘Stepping up on Climate Action’. UNESCO website for World Oceans Day. Government, Queensland Government and local Tiffany Morrison was an invited panellist in the United States, at both the Ostrom Workshop (WOW6) and the The ARC Centre’s annual Coral Reef Futures Symposium conservation groups on water quality and its effects International Studies Association Annual Convention. Geoff and Public Forum were highly successful events, on the Great Barrier Reef. Scott Heron and Jon Day Jones delivered an invited plenary lecture at the Gordon fostering collaborations and collegiality amongst developed the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI), a Research Conference on Marine Molecular Ecology, in Hong internal and external stakeholders. The two-day systematic tool to rapidly assess climate change risk to symposium was held this year in Sydney, at the World Heritage sites, which has been widely adapted Kong. Rene Abesamis presented a plenary address at Australian National Maritime Museum. The sold-out by sites in Australia, Azerbaijan, France, the United the Philippines National Academy of Sciences. Andrew Public Forum ’What Every Australian Should Know Kingdom, and elsewhere. In Australia, Jorge Álvarez- Baird spoke at the Fourth Workshop on Trait-based about Climate Change’ was hosted by popular social Romero gave 16 talks to industry, community, and Approaches to Ocean Life, in the UK. media commentator, Tanya Ha, and featured a panel of government organisations, presenting development In September, David Miller gave two keynote addresses four climate change experts: Joëlle Gergis (ANU), Lesley scenarios and initiatives for the Fitzroy River in Germany on coral evolution and whole genome Hughes (Macquarie University), Simon Holmes à Court catchment, Kimberley, Western Australia. sequencing, at the Biannual International Workshop on (Climate Energy Council) and the Centre’s Director, Public talks and school outreach Cnidarian Molecular and Cell Biology, as well as a plenary Terry Hughes. The Centre crowd-sourced the most A UA U talk in China at the ICG Ocean 2019 conference. Danika popular questions for the Public Forum’s panel, from Public engagement and outreach were a major focus in New Zealand R O Kleiber delivered keynote talks at the 3rd World Small- the audience and from participants watching the event 2019, resulting in 75 outreach events and public talks Scale Fisheries Congress in Thailand, and the Seeds of as it livestreamed on Facebook live. conducted by Centre researchers, in 11 countries. Change: Gender Equality through Agricultural Research for Social Media Briefings For example, in April and November, Terry Hughes Development in Canberra, Australia. Graeme Cumming completed two lecture tours along the East and delivered two keynote addresses at the Australasian During 2019, the Centre’s digital engagement The Centre continues to provide timely and informative West Coast of the United States. In total, he gave 19 Ornithological Conference in Darwin, Australia and at continued to expand rapidly. The number of followers advice to key stakeholders, on relevant coral reef presentations at 14 universities, government agencies the 29th International Congress for Conservation Biology in of the Centre’s Twitter account @CoralCoE grew to over science issues. In 2019, researchers engaged in 108 and organisations: including, the National Science Malaysia. 9,100. Followers from over ten countries registered briefings across both the public and private sectors. Foundation, Columbia University, Stanford University, more than 1 million impressions (including over 1,600 and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. In June, The Conversation retweets and 3,600 likes) in Twitter feeds over the year. Regular briefings were delivered to partners at the Hughes also spoke at the Climate Reality Leadership The ARC Centre regularly publishes original research- The Centre’s Twitter account was named as one of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA). Corps Training in Brisbane, with former U.S. Vice based articles and commentaries in the popular online top social media accounts of ARC-funded research For example, Terry Hughes, Tom Bridge, April Hall, President Al Gore. media resource, The Conversation. Throughout 2019, groups in 2019 by the Director of Innovation at Digital Severine Choukroun, Iain Caldwell, Graeme Cumming, ten ARC Centre researchers published 12 articles. Science. The annual Coral Reef Futures Symposium and Alana Grech, Jodie Rummer, Jennifer Donelson, Michele Jodie Rummer spoke at two sold-out events, at the Examples include: Public Forum featured a targeted Twitter campaign, Barnes, Sue-Ann Watson, Garry Russ, David Williamson, World Science Festival in Brisbane, on ‘Saving what resulting in the event hashtag #coral2019 trending in Geoff Jones, Hugo Harrison, Andrew Baird, Daniela we’ve got: Australia’s wildlife under threat’ and ‘Let’s Aurélie Moya. Curious Kids: how do shells get made? 3 March 2019. Ceccarelli, Andrew Hoey, Kennedy Wolfe, Peter Mumby https://theconversation.com/curious-kids-how-do-shells-get- Australia throughout the entire event. talk: Sharks’, reaching audiences exceeding 100,000. In made-111072 and eight PhD candidates all gave briefings to GBRMPA October, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg joined a panel on ABC The ARC Centre’s Facebook page, also grew in 2019 throughout the year – on topics such as bleaching Rebecca Green and James Gilmour. Bright white skeletons’: some Western News to discuss ‘Is it too late to save the Great Barrier Australian reefs have the lowest coral cover on record. 22 March 2019. receiving over 3,200 total ‘Page Likes’. Expanding response, climate change, reef management, and reef Reef, or is there hope?’ https://theconversation.com/bright-white-skeletons-some-western- the Centre’s video library and online presence was a resilience. In August, GBRMPA and the ARC Centre australian-reefs-have-the-lowest-coral-cover-on-record-116423 (p36) priority this year, resulting in our YouTube Channel co-hosted a ‘speed networking event’ attended by 40 In November, Andrew Hoey worked closely with Ocean Morgan Pratchett. Coral reproduction on the Great Barrier Reef falls 89% after repeated bleaching. 4 April 2019. https://theconversation.com/ garnering over 1,100 hours of total watch time. Centre people from both organisations, to facilitate the flow of School, a collaboration between the Ocean Frontier coral-reproduction-on-the-great-barrier-reef-falls-89-after-repeated- researchers also actively participated in hundreds information between the two organisations. Institute, Dalhousie University, and the National Film bleaching-114761

62 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 63 Jon Day and Scott Heron. The Great Barrier Reef is in trouble. There BBC News – Great Barrier Reef: mass decline in ‘coral babies’, scientists QLD Government Podcast – Episode 8: Scientist Jon Brodie, J. Brodie, 12 MSN- Irukandji threat at Queensland beaches can be better monitored, are a whopping 45 reasons why. 12 September 2019. https:// say, A. Baird and T. Hughes, 4 April 2019. https://www.bbc.com/ October 2019. https://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au/working-together/ scientist says, M. Kingsford, 10 November 2019. https://www.msn. theconversation.com/the-great-barrier-reef-is-in-trouble-there-are-a- news/world-australia-47809500 podcasts/episode-08-jon-brodie com/en-au/news/other/irukandji-threat-at-queensland-beaches-can- whopping-45-reasons-why-122930 be-better-monitored-scientist-says/ar-BBWw6zZ CNN.com International – ‘Dead corals don’t make babies’: Great Smithsonian Magazine – Massive citizen science effort seeks to survey Jon Brodie. Climate change is the defining issue of our time – we’re givingit Barrier Reef losing its ability to recover from bleaching, T. Hughes and the entire Great Barrier Reef, P. Mumby, 18 October 2019. https:// AllAfrica.com – Seychelles: Save Our Seas study finds that Seychelles’ the attention it deserves. 16 September 2019. https://theconversation. M. Pratchett, 4 April 2019. https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/04/ www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/massive-citizen-science- St. Joseph is healthy place for blacktip reef sharks, J. Rummer, 11 com/climate-change-is-the-defining-issue-of-our-time-were-giving-it- australia/great-barrier-reef-coral-bleaching-intl/index.html effort-seeks-survey-entire-great-barrier-reef-180973367/ November 2019. https://allafrica.com/stories/201911110182.html the-attention-it-deserves-123592 CBC Radio, Quirks & Quarks – Collapsing coral reefs – can we rebuild Herald Sun – FNQ lifeguards preparing for busy summer as stinger London Daily Mirror – Losing Nemo, G. Jones, 27 November 2019. George Roff and Christopher Brown. Shark nets and culls don’t them?, T. Hughes, 13 April 2019. https://www.cbc.ca/radio/quirks/ stats revealed, M. Kingsford, 18 October 2019. https://www. https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/finding-nemo-fish- necessarily make Australian beaches safer. 27 September 2019. april-13-2019-black-hole-imaged-a-new-tiny-human-rebuilding-coral- heraldsun.com.au/news/national/fnq-lifeguards-preparing- facing-extinction-20975719 https://theconversation.com/shark-nets-and-culls-dont-necessarily- reefs-and-more-1.5093713/collapsing-coral-reefs-can-we-rebuild- for-busy-summer-as-stinger-stats-revealed/news-story/ make-australian-beaches-safer-124156. them-1.5093734 a79a931a88c5bba67d77cfd0540e The Star Online – Experts: runaway warming could sink fishing and reef c0f3?btr=30012e1b03d818ddac773e47208a5ea0 tourism, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, 8 December 2019. https://www.thestar. Los Angeles Times – Meet the tiny fish that have a huge effect on coral com.my/news/regional/2019/12/08/experts-runaway-warming- Media and Altmetrics reef ecosystems, D. Bellwood, 29 May 2019. https://www.latimes.com/ The Economist – Asia’s corals face a deadly onslaught, P. Mumby, 24 could-sink-fishing-and-reef-tourism#FiwYMlQ7qQdefcKp.99 science/la-sci-coral-reef-tiny-fish-20190529-story.html October 2019. https://www.economist.com/asia/2019/10/24/asias- In 2019 the Centre developed and distributed 35 coral-faces-a-deadly-onslaught Phys.org – Corals survive to tell the tale of Earth’s newest island eruption, media releases, generating 5,500 news items and The Week – Ocean acidification threatens the survival of coral reefs: Study, P. Smallhorn-West and T. Bridge, 10 December 2019. https://phys. M. McCulloch and S. Comeau, 30 May 2019. https://www.theweek. ABC News Radio – Long term study reveals magnitude of human impact org/news/2019-12-corals-survive-tale-earth-island.html commentaries across the world. On average during in/news/sci-tech/2019/05/30/Ocean-acidification-threatens-the- on Great Barrier Reef coral cover, D Ceccarelli, 25 October 2019. survival-of-coral-reefs-Study.html https://www.abc.net.au/radio/newsradio/long-term-study-reveals- Dhaka Tribune – Extremes of global heat bring tipping points closer, O. 2019, Centre researchers and/or research were magnitude-of-human-impact/11638692 Hoegh-Guldberg, 11 December 2019. https://www.dhakatribune. referenced in media articles 15 times per day. The ABC Radio National – Sharks, devils, wombats: three homo sapiens com/climate-change/2019/12/11/extremes-of-global-heat-bring- saving what we’ve got, J. Rummer, 7 June 2019. https://www.abc. CGTN – Coral study challenges long-held scientific theory, T. Roberts and tipping-points-closer Centre’s research was featured across multiple net.au/radionational/programs/sciencefriction/saving-what-weve- T Bridge, 3 November 2019. https://news.cgtn.com/news/2019-11- platforms – digital, TV, radio, and print, and in many got/11189084 02/Coral-study-challenges-long-held-scientific-theory-LhOMZyTPI4/ ABC News: The Drum – Great Barrier Reef Special, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, index.html 23 December 2019. https://iview.abc.net.au/show/drum/series/0/ of the world’s most prominent news outlets, such as New Atlas – Climate change may cause an increase in squid populations, video/NC1907H181S00 B. Spady, 14 June 2019. https://newatlas.com/squid-acidification- The Good Men Project – Seabed carbon storage may help in BBC, The New York Times, Financial Review, Le Monde, and climate-change/60122/ climate crisis, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, 3 November 2019. https:// National Geographic. goodmenproject.com/featured-content/seabed-carbon-storage-may- Science Daily – Untangling the complicated relationships between help-in-climate-crisis/ people and nature for a brighter future, M. Barnes, G. Cumming Altmetric scores provide a metric of the attention paid and T Morrison, 24 June 2019. https://www.sciencedaily.com/ to a research publication – by tracking the media, releases/2019/06/190624111456.htm Twitter, Facebook, blogs, and other online sources. Two The Guardian – Saltwater Kimberley: is WA’s marine wilderness safe?, V. Schoepf, 3 July 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/ PHOTO PAULA CARTWRIGHT Centre publications were listed in The 2019 Altmetric environment/2019/jul/03/saltwater-kimberley-is-was-marine- Top 100, the most visible articles among 2.7 million wilderness-safe research outputs during the year. In 14th place was SBS News – From Shark Bay seagrass to Stone Age Scotland, we can now assess climate risks to World Heritage, J. Day and S Heron, 4 July 2019. the 10 December 2018 Nature Climate Change paper https://www.sbs.com.au/news/from-shark-bay-seagrass-to-stone- ‘Ecological memory modifies the cumulative impact of age-scotland-we-can-now-assess-climate-risks-to-world-heritage recurrent climate extremes’ which generated 20,200 Quanta Magazine – Scientists debate the origin of cell types in the first tweets, reaching an audience of 9.5 million Twitter animals, M. Adamska, 17 July 2019. https://www.quantamagazine. org/scientists-debate-the-origin-of-cell-types-in-the-first- followers. In 22nd place was the April 2019 Nature animals-20190717/ paper ‘Global warming impairs stock-recruitment ScienceDaily – Fussy fish can have their coral, and eat it too,C. dynamics of corals’ which triggered 12,489 tweets, MacDonald, 23 July 2019. https://www.sciencedaily.com/ with an audience of 13.7 million Twitter followers. This releases/2019/07/190723104043.htm article was also ranked in sixth place in the Top 10 The New York Times – A raft of floating rock stuns sailors. but can it save the Reef?, T. Hughes, 27 August 2019. https://www.nytimes. Climate papers of 2019 reported by Carbon Brief. The com/2019/08/27/world/australia/pumice-raft-coral.html Centre’s paper ‘Harnessing global fisheries to tackle Phys.org – Tracking baby fish for better reef management, H. Harrison, 2 micronutrient deficiencies’ was highlighted in Nature’s August 2019. https://phys.org/news/2019-08-tracking-baby-fish-reef. html ‘2019: The year in science’ collection. Fox10tv.com – Scientists studied 2,500 coral reefs to figure out how to save them, G. Gurney, 13 August 2019. https://www.fox10tv.com/ Additional media highlights throughout 2019 include: news/us_world_news/scientists-studied-coral-reefs-to-figure-out- how-to-save/article_809a60bc-95a9-5d33-9610-f64044cda3b7.html Australian Financial Review – Blockchain, Patagonia toothfish and saving the planet. What could go wrong?, J. Cinner, 23 January 2019. Forbes – 3 strategies for saving coral reefs in the Indian and Pacific https://www.afr.com/companies/blockchain-patagonian-toothfish- Oceans, G. Gurney, 20 August 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/ and-saving-the-planet-what-could-go-wrong-20190118-h1a7vo priyashukla/2019/08/20/3-strategies-for-saving-coral-reefs-in-the- indian-and-pacific-oceans/#48a4cbdc4de5 Eco Magazine – The Conservation Planning Database, J. Álvarez-Romero, 26 March 2019. https://www.ecomagazine.com/in-depth/featured- Il Globo – Coral reef expert from Brisbane speaks at symposium in stories/the-conservation-planning-database Modena, J. Pandolfi, 12 September 2019. https://ilglobo.com/ news/coral-reef-expert-from-brisbane-speaks-at-symposium-in- National Geographic – The Great Barrier Reef’s corals are struggling modena-45046/ to recover fast enough, T. Hughes, 3 April 2019. https://www. nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/04/great-barrier-reef- The Tribune India – Shark pups fight to survive during climate crisis: coral-not-recovering-climate-change/ Study, J. Rummer, 18 September 2019. https://www.tribuneindia. com/news/archive/science-technology/shark-pups-fight-to-survive- USA Today – ‘Dead corals don’t make babies’: Great Barrier Reef can’t during-climate-crisis-study-834525 heal after global warming damage, T. Hughes, A. Baird, 4 April 2019. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/04/03/ ScienceDaily – Longest coral reef survey to date reveals major changes in coral-reefs-great-barrier-reef-cant-recover-global-warming- Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, 27 September 2019. damage/3352764002/ https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/09/190927074930.htm

64 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 65 GOVERNANCE

The ARC Centre of Excellence has a clearly defined of James Cook University, and at the Centre’s other Centre Advisory Board Membership of the Centre Advisory Board and effective governance structure that engages key university nodes. Partner Investigators are based at the The Centre Advisory Board provides high-level strategic Dr Brian Walker FAA (Chair) stakeholders in strategic planning, research program Australian Institute of Marine Science, the Great Barrier advice to the Centre Director, and facilitates and Honorary Research Fellow development, and knowledge exchange. A key objective Reef Marine Park Authority and in leading international advises on strengthening linkages between the Centre, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences is to foster sustainable use, adaptive governance and research institutions (p56). Adjunct researchers (p71) stakeholders, government and industry. The Centre effective management of the world’s coral reefs. based in institutions in Australia and overseas make a Director and Chief Operations Officer provide the Dr Philippa Cohen significant contribution to the Centre’s research. Research Program Leader James Cook University is the Administering Organisation link between the Centre Advisory Board, the Scientific Resilient Small-Scale Fisheries of the ARC Centre. Centre Director, Terry Hughes, reports The Centre’s two principal governance committees Management Committee (SMC) and Centre operations. WorldFish, Malaysia directly to the JCU Provost, Professor Chris Cocklin. are the Centre Advisory Board and the Scientific Membership of the Centre’s Advisory Board reflects the Operations are managed by the Chief Operations Officer, Management Committee. Eminent international Centre’s strong multi-disciplinary research activities. Distinguished Professor Terry Hughes FAA Jennifer Lappin, in consultation with the Centre Director researchers chair both committees, and the Chief Members include a distinguished international Centre Director and Assistant Director, Alana Grech, supported by an Operations Officer, Jennifer Lappin, is Secretary. researcher as Chair, the Chief Executive Officer of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies effective business team. Further support is provided by The Centre also supports two career development Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, the Chief administrative staff at The Australian National University, committees, run by Centre graduate students and Josh Thomas Executive Officer of the Australian Institute of Marine The University of Queensland and The University of early career researchers. These committees contribute Chief Executive Officer Science, a senior representative from WorldFish, and Western Australia. to the development and mentoring of early career Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority an independent senior University leader. In 2019, researchers, and are responsible for the organisation our long-standing Chair, Professor Brian Walker FAA, The diagram below summarises the Centre’s governance of annual retreats, training workshops and other Dr Britta Schaffelke announced that he would retire at the end of the year. structure and relationships. The Centre Director oversees career development activities (p42). An informal group, Research Program Leader, A Healthy and Sustainable Brian’s leadership was characterised by fair and wise the Centre’s research programs and liaises regularly with comprising all the Centre’s female staff, also provides Great Barrier Reef counsel and the enormous experience and knowledge the two Deputy Directors, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg (UQ) and mentoring and general support to female ECRs and Australian Institute of Marine Science of interdisciplinary research he brought to the Board. Malcolm McCulloch (UWA). Chief Investigators, research students. (Delegate of Dr Paul Hardisty, Chief Executive Officer) fellows and students are located across three Divisions Similarly, Professor Mandy Thomas advised that she too would be retiring from her position at the end of Professor Mandy Thomas 2019. Mandy also brought a deep understanding of Executive Dean, Creative Industries Faculty, multi-disciplinary research to the Board with enormous Queensland University of Technology knowledge and experience of social sciences, CENTRE ADVISORY BOARD Australia’s research funding processes and insightful analysis. We sincerely thank Brian and Mandy for Scientific Management Committee their contribution to the leadership of the Centre over many years. High-level operational decisions and stewardship Mentoring and Career Centre Director Business Team of the ARC Centre’s scientific research program are Development Committees In 2019, the Centre welcomed two new Board the responsibilities of the Scientific Management Terry Hughes • Chief Operations Officer members. Josh Thomas, the newly appointed Chief Committee (SMC). The Committee is chaired • Assistant Director Executive Officer of the Great Barrier Reef Marine by distinguished social scientist and pioneer of • Communications Manager Park Authority joined in March. He brings with him • Finance Manager/Graduate interdisciplinary research, Professor Katrina Brown, a wealth of experience in senior roles in the public Coordinator from the University of Exeter, United Kingdom. Other Scientific Management and private sectors, nationally and internationally. Dr Committee • Office/KPI Manager members are the Centre’s Director and Deputy • Administrative Officer Pip Cohen a senior program leader at WorldFish also Directors, leaders of each of the Centre’s Research Deputy Directors joined the Centre’s Advisory Board later in the year. Program Leaders An interdisciplinary fisheries and social scientist, Pip Programs, the Centre’s current Australian Laureate Laureate Fellows will provide connections and insights into international Fellows, and the Chief Scientist of the Great Barrier non-profit research in developing nations and Reef Marine Park Authority. Membership of the SMC strategies for poverty reduction in particularly in SE is continuously evolving. In 2019, Alana Grech was appointed as a new Program 2 leader, replacing Program 1 Program 2 Program 3 Asia and the western Pacific. Verena Schoepf who took up a prestigious position People and Ecosystem Dynamics: Past, Responding to a The Board met formally in Sydney on 22nd October at the University of Amsterdam. At the end of 2019, Ecosystems Present & Future Changing World 2019. A key focus for the Board during 2019 was Terry Hughes stepped down as the leader of Program Terry Hughes Sean Connolly Maja Adamska providing advice on preparing the Centre for longer 1 to support strong transition planning, and Joshua Tiffany Morrison Alana Grech Mia Hoogenboom term business continuity in 2021-2023, and establishing Cinner will assume this position in 2020. Similarly, Bob Pressey John Pandolfi Ryan Lowe ongoing governance arrangements. Graeme Cumming will begin a Program 2 leader

66 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 67 role early in 2020, following Sean Connolly’s move Professor Sean Connolly to the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution. We Leader, Research Program 2 MEMBERSHIP sincerely thank Verena and Sean for their strong and James Cook University committed leadership, for building cross-institutional collaborations, and for providing effective mentoring Dr Alana Grech (from May 2019) for women and early career researchers. Leader, Research Program 2 In 2019, the ARC Centre’s membership comprised: 69 Dr Brock Bergseth James Cook University Chief Investigators, Research Fellows and Associates; Research Fellow, James Cook University The SMC met formally three times in 2019, twice in 30 Partner Investigators, resident international scholars Dr Yves-Marie Bozec Townsville and once in Sydney. Continuing priorities in Professor John Pandolfi and adjunct researchers; and 170 research students Research Fellow, University of Queensland 2019 were: research planning, fostering outstanding Leader, Research Program 2 (p42). Nine of the Centre’s Research Fellows were University of Queensland transdisciplinary research across the Centre’s research funded by ARC Fellowships (Australian Laureate, Future Dr Tom Bridge programs and nodes, producing high quality outputs, and DECRA) and one by an Advance Queensland Dr Verena Schoepf (to May 2019) Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA), and mentoring postdoctoral fellows and postgraduate Leader, Research Program 2 Fellowship. James Cook University and Queensland Museum students. Members of the SMC continued to take a University of Western Australia key role in providing advice to the Queensland and In 2019, the ARC Centre welcomed ten new Research Professor Jon Brodie Australian Governments on the Reef 2050 Long-Term Associate Professor Maja Adamska Fellows and Associates: Brock Bergseth, Iain Caldwell, Research Fellow, James Cook University Sustainability Plan. Leader, Research Program 3 Jamie Caldwell, Gal Eyal, Vanessa Haller, Hugo Harrison, Dr Iain Caldwell Australian National University Sun Kim, Jacqueline Lau, Veronica Radice and Sharon Wismer. Five of these new recruits are women, and the Research Fellow, James Cook University Associate Professor Mia Hoogenboom Centre has achieved its target of 50:50 gender equity in Membership of the Scientific Management Dr Severine Choukroun Leader, Research Program 3 Committee research fellow recruitment. Research Associate, James Cook University James Cook University Professor Katrina Brown (Chair) We also said farewell to ten researchers in 2019 Professor Joshua Cinner Chair in Social Science Professor Ryan Lowe who have taken up new positions around the globe, ARC Future Fellow, James Cook University University of Exeter Leader, Research Program 3 further extending the ARC Centre’s network of alumni United Kingdom University of Western Australia collaborators: Kay Critchell, Thomas DeCarlo, Juan Professor Sean Connolly Pablo D’Olivo Cordero, Nils Krueck, Michael McWilliam, Chief Investigator, James Cook University Professor Malcolm McCulloch FAA FRS Distinguished Professor Terry Hughes FAA Oliver Mead, Aurélie Moya, Verena Schoepf, Andrew Centre Director and Leader, Research Program 1 Deputy Director Dr Peter Cowman Song, and Erin Vaughn. We wish them well in their James Cook University University of Western Australia Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA), future research careers! James Cook University Professor Tiffany Morrison Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg FAA Leader, Research Program 1 ARC Australian Laureate Fellow and Deputy Director Dr Kay Critchell James Cook University University of Queensland CHIEF INVESTIGATORS AND RESEARCH FELLOWS Research Associate, University of Queensland

Distinguished Professor Bob Pressey FAA Dr David Wachenfeld Professor Terry Hughes Professor Graeme Cumming Leader, Research Program 1 Chief Scientist Centre Director, James Cook University Research Fellow, James Cook University James Cook University Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Associate Professor Maja Adamska Dr Thomas DeCarlo ARC Future Fellow, Australian National University Research Fellow, University of Western Australia

Dr Jorge Álvarez-Romero Dr Juan Pablo D’Olivo Cordero Research Fellow, James Cook University Research Fellow, University of Western Australia

Dr Kristen Anderson Dr Jennifer Donelson Research Fellow, James Cook University and Australian ARC Future Fellow, James Cook University Institute of Marine Science Associate Professor Sophie Dove Chief Investigator, University of Queensland Dr Natalia Andrade Rodriguez Research Associate, James Cook University Dr Alana Grech Research Fellow, James Cook University Professor Andrew Baird Chief Investigator, James Cook University Dr Rebecca Green Research Associate, University of Western Australia Dr Michele Barnes Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA), Dr Georgina Gurney James Cook University Research Fellow, James Cook University

Professor David Bellwood Dr April Hall ARC Australian Laureate Fellow, Chief Investigator, Advance Queensland Research Fellow, James Cook James Cook University University

68 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES PHOTO DEBORAH BURN ANNUAL REPORT 2019 69 Dr Vanessa Haller Dr Vanessa Messmer Dr Sue-Ann Watson Dr Tessa Hempson Research Associate, University of Queensland Research Associate, James Cook University Research Fellow, James Cook University and Queensland Oceans Without Borders, South Africa Museum Dr Hugo Harrison Professor David Miller Professor Christina Hicks Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA), Chief Investigator, James Cook University Dr Kennedy Wolfe Lancaster University, United Kingdom James Cook University and Australian Institute of Research Associate, University of Queensland Professor Tiffany Morrison Dr Anne Hoggett Marine Science Chief Investigator, James Cook University Lizard Island Research Station Associate Professor Scott Heron Dr Aurélie Moya Dr James Kerry Research Associate, James Cook University RESIDENT INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARS Research Fellow, James Cook University Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Dr Jamie Caldwell Dr Karlo Hock Professor Peter Mumby Research Fellow, NASA/NOAA/University of Hawai‘i, USA Professor Janice Lough Research Fellow, University of Queensland Chief Investigator, University of Queensland Australian Institute of Marine Science Dr Gal Eyal Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg Professor Philip Munday Marie Curie Fellow, Israel Professor Tim McClanahan Deputy Director, ARC Australian Laureate Fellow, University Chief Investigator, James Cook University Wildlife Conservation Society, Kenya of Queensland Dr Björn Illing Professor John Pandolfi Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Fellow, Germany Dr Laurence McCook Associate Professor Andrew Hoey Chief Investigator, University of Queensland South China Sea Institute of Oceanography Research Fellow, James Cook University Dr David Mills Professor Morgan Pratchett Senior Research Fellow, WorldFish, Malaysia Professor Stephen Palumbi Associate Professor Mia Hoogenboom Chief Investigator, James Cook University Stanford University, USA Chief Investigator, James Cook University Dr Ignasi Montero-Serra Professor Bob Pressey Endeavour Fellow, University of Barcelona, Spain Dr Serge Planes Professor Geoffrey Jones Chief Investigator, James Cook University University of Perpignan, France Chief Investigator, James Cook University Dr Sharon Wismer Dr Veronica Radice Swiss National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow, Dr Andrew Song Dr Sun Kim Research Associate, University of Queensland Switzerland University of Technology, Sydney Research Fellow, University of Queensland Dr George Roff Professor Madeleine van Oppen Professor Michael Kingsford Research Fellow, University of Queensland University of Melbourne Chief Investigator, James Cook University PARTNER INVESTIGATORS AND ADJUNCT Dr Cristian Rojas Dr David Wachenfeld RESEARCHERS Dr Danika Kleiber Research Fellow, James Cook University Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Research Fellow, James Cook University and WorldFish, Dr Vanessa Adams Associate Professor Jodie Rummer Dr Peter Waldie Malaysia University of Tasmania Research Fellow, James Cook University The Nature Conservancy Dr Nils Krueck Professor Serge Andréfouët Professor Garry Russ Dr Rebecca Weeks Research Fellow, University of Queensland Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, New Chief Investigator, James Cook University Caledonia Centre of Excellence alumni Dr Jacqueline Lau Dr Aleksey Sadekov Professor David Yellowlees Research Fellow, James Cook University and WorldFish, Dr Mary Bonin Research Fellow, University of Western Australia Emeritus Professor Malaysia Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Dr Eugenia Sampayo Dr Ciemon Caballes Professor Ryan Lowe Research Fellow, University of Queensland Chief Investigator, University of Western Australia Ultra Coral Australia GRADUATE STUDENTS (SEE PAGE 45) Dr Verena Schoepf Dr Philippa Cohen Dr Robert Mason Research Fellow, University of Western Australia WorldFish, Malaysia Research Associate, University of Queensland RESEARCH SUPPORT STAFF Dr Andrew Song Dr Louisa Evans Professor Mark McCormick Research Fellow, James Cook University and WorldFish, Dr Rene Abesamis University of Exeter, United Kingdom Chief Investigator, James Cook University Malaysia James Cook University Professor Nick Graham Professor Malcolm McCulloch Dr Tim Staples Dr Nitin Bhatia Deputy Director, University of Western Australia Research Fellow, University of Queensland Lancaster University, United Kingdom James Cook University

Dr Mike McWilliam Dr Greg Torda Dr Alison Green Joshua Biggs Research Associate, James Cook University Research Fellow, James Cook University The Nature Conservancy University of Queensland

Dr Oliver Mead Dr Erin Vaughn Dr Richard Hamilton Carlin Bowyer Research Associate, Australian National University Research Fellow, Australian National University The Nature Conservancy University of Western Australia

70 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 71 Adriana Campili BUSINESS TEAM University of Queensland PUBLICATIONS Jennifer Lappin Dr Dani Ceccarelli Chief Operations Officer, James Cook University James Cook University Dr Alana Grech In 2019, researchers from the ARC Centre of Excellence Hoegh-Guldberg, O, Jacob, D, Taylor, M, Bolaños, TG, Aaron Chai Assistant Director, James Cook University produced 411 publications, comprising 363 journal Bindi, M, Brown, S, Camilloni, I, Diedhiou, A, Djalante, R University of Queensland articles, 4 books, 31 book chapters, 5 conference and Ebi, K (2019). The human imperative of stabilizing Olga Bazaka proceedings, and 8 reports. Since 2014, annual global climate change at 1.5°C. Science 365(6459): 1-13. Cindy Huchery Finance Manager and Graduate Coordinator, James Cook publications have increased by >30%, exceeding one Altmetric: 780 (picked up by 29 news outlets, Tweeted James Cook University University each day. by 774) Russell Kelly Dr Rose Berdin Centre researchers published 166 articles in journals Hicks, CC, Cohen PJ, Graham, NA, Nash, KL, Allison, James Cook University Administrative Officer, University of Western Australia that have an Impact Factor greater than four, including EH, D’Lima, C, Mills, DJ, Roscher, M, Thilsted, SH, and Dr James Kerry Vivian Doherty 39 outputs this year in prestige journals – Nature Thorne-Lyman, AL (2019). Harnessing global fisheries James Cook University Events Co-ordinator and KPI Officer, James Cook University and other Nature journals, Science, Trends in Ecology to tackle micronutrient deficiencies. Nature 574:95-98. and Evolution, Science Advances, Molecular Biology Altmetric: 656 (picked up by 25 news outlets, Tweeted Ayla Manwaring Rosanna Griffith-Mumby and Evolution, Proceedings of the National Academy of by 654) Australian National University Administrative Officer, University of Queensland Sciences, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment and Global Environmental Change. The average Impact Leggat, WP, Camp, EF, Suggett, DJ, Heron, SF, Fordyce, Dr Hannah Markham-Summers Melissa Lyne Factor for all 363 journal articles in 2019 was 5.7. The AJ, Gardner, S, Deakin, L, Turner, M, Beeching, LJ, University of Queensland Media Manager, Sydney Centre’s research outputs were published this year Kuzhiumparambil, U, Eakin, CM and Ainsworth, TD (2019). Rapid coral decay is associated with marine Joanne Moneghetti in a total of 187 journal titles that span many fields of Maria Nayfa heatwave mortality events on reefs. Current Biology James Cook University Digital Communications Officer, James Cook University research, reflecting the multidisciplinary breadth of the Centre’s activities. 29(16): 2723-2730. Arun Oakley-Cogan Janet Swanson Altmetric: 624 (picked up by 50 news outlets, Tweeted James Cook University Administrative Officer, James Cook University According to Scopus, Centre researchers were cited by 223) 41,036 times in 2019. Thirty-two researchers were cited Dr Allison Paley Hayley Ware more than 500 times each, and 22 had more than 1000 Darling, ES, McClanahan, TR, Maina, J, Gurney, GG, James Cook University Project Officer, University of Queensland citations during the year. Graham, NAJ, Januchowski-Hartley, F, Cinner, JE, Mora, C, Hicks, CC, Maire, E, et al (2019). Social-environmental Pete Scott Articles published in 2019 that received the highest drivers inform strategic management of coral reefs in University of Western Australia Altmetric scores for ARC Centre publications were: the Anthropocene. Nature Ecology and Evolution 3:1341- 1350. Cassy Thompson Hughes, TP, Kerry, JT, Baird, AH, Connolly, SR, Chase, Altmetric: 679 (19 news outlets, Tweeted by 681) James Cook University TJ, Dietzel, A, Hill, T, Hoey, AS, Hoogenboom, MO, Jacobson, M, Kerswell, A, Madin, JS, Mieog, A, Paley, AS, Brandl, SJ, Tornabene, L, Goatley, CHR, Casey, Dr Annamieke Van Den Heuvel Pratchett, MS, Torda, G and Woods, RM (2019). Global JM, Morais, RA, Côté, IM, Baldwin, CC, Parravicini, University of Queensland warming impairs stock–recruitment dynamics of corals. V, Schiettekatte, NMD and Bellwood, DR (2019). Nature 568(7752): 387-390. Demographic dynamics of the smallest marine Dr David Williamson James Cook University Altmetric: 4631 (referenced by 1 policy source, 47 vertebrates fuel coral reef ecosystem functioning. news outlets, Tweeted by 6239, ranked #14 in the Science 364:1189-1192. Jane Xu Altmetric Top 100 of 2019) Altmetric: 565 (34 news outlets, Tweeted by 435) Australian National University Hughes, TP, Kerry, JT, Connolly, SR, Baird, AH, Eakin, CM, Heron, SF, Hoey, AS, Hoogenboom, MO, Jacobson, M, Liu, G, Pratchett, MS, Skirving, W and Torda, G (2019). Ecological memory modifies the cumulative impact of recurrent climate extremes. Nature Climate Change 9(1): 40-43. Altmetric: 4098 (referenced by 1 policy source, 100 news outlets, Tweeted by 4773, ranked #22 in the Altmetric Top 100 of 2019)

72 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 73 Barrier Reef: biology, environment 3. Rijnsdorp, DP, Hansen, JE and Lowe, 10. Attenborough, RMF, Hayward, DC, and management, 2nd Edition, CSIRO RJ (2019). Wave-resolved predictions Wiedemann, U, Forêt, S, Miller, DJ 2019 PUBLICATIONS Publishing, Balkema, 25-36 pp. of changes to nearshore flows due and Ball, EE (2019). Expression of to arrays of wave energy converters. the neuropeptides RFamide and 25. Pandolfi, JM, Lybolt, M, Sommer, B, In Australasian Coasts and Ports 2019 LWamide during development of the Narayan, R and Rachello-Dolmen, Conference. coral Acropora millepora in relation P (2019). Coral and micro-benthic to settlement and metamorphosis. assemblages from reef habitats 4. Yusuf, S, Zamani, NP, Jompa, J and Developmental Biology 446(1): 56-67. BOOK (4) estuaries, Elsevier, Netherlands, 595-609 pp. Great Barrier Reef: biology, environment in Moreton Bay. In: Tibbetts, IR, Junior, MZ (2019). Larvae of the coral and management, 2nd Edition, CSIRO Rothingberg, PC, Neil, DT, Homburg, TA, Acropora tenuis (Dana 1846) settle 11. Aucan, J, Hoeke, RK, Storlazzi, CD, Stopa, 1. Day, J, Heron, SF, Downes, MA, Gibson, 7. Day, J (2019). Planning and managing Publishing, Balkema, 191-206 pp. the Great Barrier Reef marine park. Brewer, DT and Arthington, AH. (eds). under controlled light intensity. J, Wandres, M and Lowe, R (2019). J, Hyslop, J, Jones, E, Alice, R and Alice, L In IOP Conference Series: Earth and In: Hutchings, P, Kingsford, MJ and 16. Kingsford, MJ, Syms, C, Srinivasan, Moreton Bay Quandamooka & catchment: Waves do not contribute to global sea- (2019). Climate risk assessment for the Environmental Science. Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (eds). The Great M and Jones, G (2019). Coral reef past, present, and future, The Moreton level rise. Nature Climate Change 9(1): 2-2. heart of neolithic Orkney world heritage Bay Foundation, Brisbane, 361-378 pp. site. 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Tilley, A, Wilkinson, SP, Kolding, J, Mozambique Channel reveals protected areas in the South Pacific: Papastamatiou, YP, Mescam, G, 53(18): 10993-11001. from the Southern Ocean. Aquatic López-Angarita, J, Pereira, M and Mills, teleconnections with the tropical assessing the evidence base. Biodiversity Rummer, JL and Planes, S (2019). Conservation: Marine and Freshwater DJ (2019). Nearshore fish aggregating Atlantic. Biogeosciences 16(3): 695-712. 302. Schoepf, V, Carrion, SA, Pfeifer, SM, and Conservation 29(2): 349-380. Same species, different prerequisites: Ecosystems 29(12): 2147-2161. devices show positive outcomes for Naugle, M, Dugal, L, Bruyn, J and investigating body condition and 314. Smith, HA, Moya, A, Cantin, NE, van sustainable fisheries development in McCulloch, MT (2019). Stress-resistant 327. Tamir, R, Eyal, G, Kramer, N, Laverick, JH and foraging success in young reef sharks Oppen, MJH and Torda, G (2019). Timor-Leste. Frontiers in Marine Science corals may not acclimatize to ocean Loya, Y (2019). Light environment drives the between an atoll and an island system. REPORT (8) Observations of simultaneous sperm 6: 487. warming but maintain heat tolerance shallow-to-mesophotic coral community Scientific Reports 9(1): 13447. release and larval planulation suggest 1. Hoegh-Guldberg, O, Caldeira, K, Chopin, under cooler temperatures. Nature transition. Ecosphere 10(9): 1-43. 340. Triki, Z, Wismer, S, Rey, O, Ann Binning, Communications 10(1): 4031. reproductive assurance in the coral S, Levorato, E, Bshary, R and Candolin, U 352. Weideli, OC, Papastamatiou, YP and T, Gaines, SD, Haugan, P, Hemer, M, Pocillopora acuta. Frontiers in Marine 328. Taylor, BM, Choat, JH, DeMartini, EE, (2019). Biological market effects predict Planes, S (2019). Size frequency, Howard, J, Konar, M, Krause-Jensen, D, 303. Scott, ME, Heupel, MR, Simpfendorfer, Science 6: 306. Hoey, AS, Marshell, A, Priest, MA, cleaner fish strategic sophistication. dispersal distances and variable growth Lindstad, E, Lovelock, CE, Michelin, M, CA, Matley, JK and Pratchett, MS (2019). Rhodes, KL and Meekan, MG (2019). Behavioral Ecology 30(6): 1548-1557. rates of young sharks in a multi-species Nielsen, FG, Northrop, E, Parker, R, Roy, Latitudinal and seasonal variation in 315. Song, AM, Cohen, PJ, Hanich, Demographic plasticity facilitates aggregation. Journal of Fish Biology 94(5): J, Smith, T, Some, S and Tyedmers, P space use by a large, predatory reef Q, Morrison, TH and Andrew, N ecological and economic resilience in a 341. Trotter, JA, Pattiaratchi, C, Montagna, 789-797. (2019). The ocean as a solution to climate fish, Plectropomus leopardus. Functional (2019). Multi-scale policy diffusion commercially important reef fish. Journal P, Taviani, M, Falter, J, Thresher, R, change: five opportunities for action. Ecology 33(4): 670-680. 353. White, JW, Carr, MH, Caselle, JE, and translation in Pacific Island of Animal Ecology 88(12): 1888-1900. Hosie, A, Haig, D, Foglini, F, Hua, Q World Resources Institute, Washington, coastal fisheries. Ocean and Coastal and McCulloch, MT (2019). First ROV Washburn, L, Woodson, CB, Palumbi, CD. 304. Sih, TL, Daniell, JJ, Bridge, TC, Beaman, Management 168: 139-149. 329. Tebbett, SB and Bellwood, DR (2019). exploration of the Perth canyon: SR, Carlson, PM, Warner, RR, Menge, RJ, Cappo, M and Kingsford, MJ (2019). Algal turf sediments on coral reefs: canyon setting, faunal observations, BA, Barth, JA, Blanchette, CA, Raimondi, 2. Waterhouse, J, Apte, S, Brodie, J, Hunter, Deep-reef fish communities of the 316. Song, AM, Hoang, VT, Cohen, PJ, Aqorau, what’s known and what’s next. Marine and anthropogenic impacts. Frontiers in PT and Milligan, K (2019). Connectivity, C, Petus, C, Bainbridge, S, Wolanski, Great Barrier Reef shelf-break: trophic T and Morrison, TH (2019). ‘Blue boats’ Pollution Bulletin 149: 110542. Marine Science 6: 173. dispersal, and recruitment connecting E, Dafforn, KA, Lough, J, Johnson, JE, structure and habitat associations. and ‘reef robbers’: a new maritime benthic communities and the coastal Tracey, D, Angel, BM, Jarolimek, CV, Diversity 11(2): 1-26. security threat for the Asia Pacific? Asia 330. Tebbett, SB, Streit, RP and Bellwood, DR 342. Tulloch, V, Grech, A, Jonsen, I, Pirotta, V ocean. Oceanography 32(3): 50-59. Chariton, AA and Murphy, N (2019). and Harcourt, R (2019). Cost-effective Identifying water quality and ecosystem 305. Sikkel, PC, Richardson, MA, Sun, D, Pacific Viewpoint 60(3): 310-324. (2019). A 3D perspective on sediment mitigation strategies to reduce 354. Wilmes, JC, Hoey, AS, Messmer, V and health threats to the Torres Strait from Narvaez, P, Feeney, WE and Grutter, AS accumulation in algal turfs: implications 317. Song, AM and Soliman, A (2019). bycatch threats to cetaceans identified Pratchett, MS (2019). Incidence and runoff arising from mine-derived pollution (2019). Changes in abundance of fish- of coral reef flattening. Journal of Ecology Situating human rights in the context using return-on-investment analysis. severity of injuries among juvenile crown- of the Fly River. Reef and Rainforest parasitic gnathiid isopods associated 108(1): 70-80. of fishing rights – contributions and Conservation Biology 34(1): 168-179. of-thorns starfish on Australia’s Great Research Centre, Cairns, 1-19 pp. with warm-water bleaching events on contradictions. Marine Policy 103: 19-26. 331. Tebbett, SB, Streit, RP and Bellwood, DR Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 38: 1187-1195. 343. Urbarova, I, Forêt, S, Dahl, M, Emblem, the northern Great Barrier Reef. Coral (2019). Expansion of a colonial ascidian 3. Kleiber, D, Cohen, P, Gomese, C and A, Milazzo, M, Hall-Spencer, JM and 355. Wilson, SK, Robinson, JPW, Chong-Seng, Reefs 38(4): 721-730. 318. Song, AM, Temby, O, Kim, D, Saavedra following consecutive mass coral McDougall, C (2019). Gender-integrated Cisneros, A and Hickey, GM (2019). Johansen, SD (2019). Ocean acidification K, Robinson, J and Graham, NAJ (2019). 306. Siqueira, AC, Bellwood, DR and bleaching at Lizard Island, Australia. research for development in Pacific Measuring, mapping and quantifying at a coastal CO2 vent induces Boom and bust of keystone structure Cowman, PF (2019). The evolution of Marine Environmental Research 144: 125- coastal fisheries. CGIAR Research the effects of trust and informal expression of stress-related transcripts on coral reefs. Coral Reefs 38: 625-635. 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Siqueira, AC, Bellwood, DR and new species of Porites (Scleractinia, Guijarro, B, Doyle, JR, Messmer, V Environment 650: 1487-1498. Neihapi, P, Sokach, A, Li, O, Wraith, L, Cowman, PF (2019). Historical 319. Spijkers, J, Singh, G, Blasiak, R, Morrison, Poritidae) from the Red Sea and the and Pratchett, MS (2019). Spawning Koran, D, Campbell, B, Tioti, R, Vanguna, biogeography of herbivorous coral TH, Le Billon, P and Österblom, H Gulf of Aden. Systematics and Biodiversity time of Acanthaster cf. solaris on the 357. Wismer, S, Pinto, A I, Triki, Z, Grutter, A reef fishes: the formation of an Atlantic (2019). Global patterns of fisheries 17(5): 491-508. Great Barrier Reef inferred using qPCR S, Roche, DG and Redouan, B (2019). T, Wate, JT, Boso, D, Duarte, A, Batalofo, fauna. Journal of Biogeography 46(7): conflict: forty years of data. Global quantification of embryos and larvae: Cue-based decision rules of cleaner M, Andrew, N, Sukulu, M, Saeni-Oeta, J, 333. Terraneo, TI, Fusi, M, Hume, BCC, 1611-1624. Environmental Change 57: 101921. do they know it’s Christmas? Marine fish in a biological market task. Animal Sutcliffe, S, Eriksson, H, Newton, J and Arrigoni, R, Voolstra, CR, Benzoni, F, Biology 166(10): 133. Behaviour 158: 249-260. McDougall, C (2019). Gender-inclusive 308. Sivaguru, M, Fouke, KW, Todorov, L, 320. Spinks, RK, Munday, PL and Donelson, Forsman, ZH and Berumen, ML (2019). facilitation for community-based marine Kingsford, MJ, Fouke, KE, Trop, JM and JM (2019). Developmental effects of Environmental latitudinal gradients and 345. Vieira, RRS, Pressey, RL and Loyola, R 358. Wongbusarakum, S, Brown, V, Loerzel, resource management. An addendum Fouke, BW (2019). Correction factors heatwave conditions on the early life host-specificity shape Symbiodiniaceae (2019). The residual nature of protected A, Gorstein, M, Kleiber, D, Quinata, to “community-based marine resource for δ18O-derived global sea surface stages of a coral reef fish. Journal of distribution in Red Sea Porites corals. areas in Brazil. Biological Conservation M, Iwane, M and Heenan, A (2019). management in Solomon Islands: a temperature reconstructions from Experimental Biology 222(16): 101921. Journal of Biogeography 46(10): 2323-2335. 233: 152-161. Achieving social and ecological goals facilitators guide” and other guides for

84 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 85 2020 ACTIVITY PLAN

CBRM. CGIAR Research Program on Fish 7. Williamson, DH, Ceccarelli, DM, Jones, Agri-Food Systems, Penang, Malaysia. GP and Russ, GR (2019). Assessing the Note added in press: This Activity Plan for 2020 was developed well in advance of the COVID-19 pandemic. ecological effects of management zoning It will be modified in response to the pandemic’s effects on Centre personnel, and restrictions on travel and 5. Rummer, JL and Casule, N (2019). The on inshore reefs of the Great Barrier dispersant delusion. Equinor’s plan to Reef Marine Park. GBRMPA, Townsville, other activities. poison the Great Australian Bight with Australia, 1-76 pp. banned toxic chemicals. 1-22 pp. 8. Wolfe, K and Mumby, PJ (2019). 6. Burrows, RM, Lewis, SE, Garzon-Garcia, Recommendations to maintain 1. RESEARCH 3. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LINKAGES A, Burton, J, Brodie, JE, Mehrtens, J, functioning of the Great Barrier Reef. Erbacher, J, Gale, K, and Burford, MA National Environment Science (2019). Sources, transformations and Programme, 1-19 pp. a. Conduct world-leading, innovative research that a. Grow strategic, value-adding, international collaborations fate of particulate and dissolved organic consolidates the Centre’s international profile. and partnerships. carbon: implications for the Great Barrier Reef. Reef and Rainforest Research b. Implement strategic recruitment and workforce b. Strengthen the Centre’s research partnership with Centre, Cairns, 1-88 pp. establishment to support research program WorldFish on small-scale fisheries, including the directions. recruitment of a fifth research fellow based at the c. Grow the Centre’s research project ‘Coral Reefs ARC Centre. in the Anthropocene’, with an emphasis on an c. Increase visiting scholar programs, working group interdisciplinary approach to governance, resilience meetings and co-tutelle PhD student arrangements with and adaptation. international partners and collaborators. d. Assess coral bleaching outlook on the Great Barrier d. Extend multi-institutional and/or multi-disciplinary Reef and worldwide, and extend research in this area, supervisory arrangements for Centre students. targeting high profile journals, especially Science and Nature. e. Present 125 talks, and have a high-profile presence at the quadrennial International Coral Reef Symposium 4. IMPACTS AND END USER ENGAGEMENT (ICRS2020) in Bremen, Germany in July 2020. a. Showcase the ARC Centre’s achievement over two ARC funding cycles. b. Pursue additional contract research with Australian and State governments, helping to provide high quality 2. RESEARCH TRAINING AND PROFESSIONAL research to inform policy and decision-making. DEVELOPMENT c. Continue to engage with government and stakeholders to a. Deliver professional development workshops on provide the science that underpins the Reef 2050 Long-Term statistics, publishing skills and strategies, scientific Sustainability Plan. writing, networking at conferences, effective scientific d. Promote the impact of the Centre’s research at the presentations and career pathways. quadrennial International Coral Reef Symposium in Bremen, b. Collaborate with the Student Committee of Germany. the International Coral Reef Society to develop e. Build the Centre’s social media engagement strategies with professional development programs at the ICRS2020. an aim of exceeding 10,000 followers on Twitter. c. Support and promote the research of ARC Centre students and Early Career Researchers presenting at ICRS2020. 5. GOVERNANCE d. Continue to progress a leadership development program for women in STEM, for PhD students and a. Appoint a new Chair of the Centre’s Advisory Board and Research Fellows. expand membership to reflect the Centre’s changing research directions, and to assist strategic planning. e. Deliver workshops to address unconscious bias and gender stereotypes. b. Renew research program leadership roles on the Scientific Management Committee, to facilitate succession planning. f. Provide mentoring and coaching to early career researchers, in development of research proposals c. Review the Centre’s Strategic Plan for business continuity and award applications. post ARC Centre of Excellence funding to strengthen and diversify income sources. d. Mentor female researchers and mid-career researchers into leadership roles in the Centre. e. Continue developing a Centre culture that values diversity, gender equity and the family. f. Update the Centre’s KPI targets in view of strong performance.

86 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES PHOTO ROBERT STREIT ANNUAL REPORT 2019 87 FINANCIAL STATEMENT FINANCIAL OUTLOOK

ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES As at December 2019, the total cash and in-kind financial outlook for the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral STATEMENT OF OPERATING INCOME AND EXPENDITURE FOR YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 Reef Studies for 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2020 totals $157.3m, 29% higher than when the Centre was established in 2014. The ARC Centre of Excellence grant represents 19% of the total funding pool.

2018 2019 2020 University of Western Australia, $5.8m forecast Australian Nattional University , $1.2m Income $ $ $

ARC Centre Grant $4,394,936 $4,478,439 $4,559,049

ARC Fellowships 660,724 735,407 721,732 University of Queensland, $11.5m

ARC Other 123,773 135,812

Host Institutions cash support 3,909,991 4,037,115 3,701,794

State Government 49,469 66,309

Commonwealth Government other grants 564,950 553,978 547,754

International and other contracts 1,173,993 938,311 713,376

Total Income $10,828,367 $10,928,532 $10,310,014 ARC CoE, $30.3m

Expenditure

Salaries $7,709,719 $7,763,010 $7,840,641

Equipment 482,849 410,628 369,565

Travel 1,431,301 1,395,438 976,807

Research maintenance and consumables 1,328,190 1,301,775 1,171,598 FUNDING 192,409 Scholarships and prizes 169,268 190,504 ARC Fellowships, $13.2m Public outreach and administration 129,245 122,046 97,637

Total Expenditure $11,250,572 $11,183,402 $10,648,657

Surplus (Deficit) $(422,205) $(254,870) $(338,643) ARC other, $9.2m

Commonwealth Government-other, $5.7m

State Government, $1.4m

Industry partners & contracts, $9.1m

Partner Organisations, $6.6m James Cook University, $63.4m

88 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 89 KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

STANDARD KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR ARC CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE CENTRE-SPECIFIC KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Target Outcome Target Outcome Performance Measure Performance Measure 2019 2019 2019 2019

Number of research outputs Publications (p73) 100 over life of 39 (168 to date) Centre • Journal articles/books/book chapters (p74) 340 411 Prestige publications (e.g. Nature, Science, PNAS) • Published Data sets 35 43 Interdisciplinarity of research

Quality of research outputs (p73) • No. of journal titles in which Centre of Excellence research 105 187 published (p73) Publications in journals with Impact Factor >4 100 166 • No. of students with multi-disciplinary supervisory 52 52 Mean Impact Factor for journals published 4.6 5.7 arrangements (p42)

Citations: total by Centre researchers 30,000 41,036 Centre integration • No. of publications with cross-institutional co-authorship 190 313 Centre researchers with >500 annual citations 22 32 Global reach Awards and prizes (p8) 30 43 • No. of countries where Centre undertakes field research 25 28 Number of training courses held/offered by the Centre (p42) 27 32 • No. of international co-authors 320 1,540 (over and above the standard courses offered by institutions) • No. of invited talks/papers/keynotes at international meetings 27 42

Number of workshops/conferences held/offered by the Centre (p42) 15 23 Media (p62) • Commentaries about the Centre’s achievements 4,200 5,500 Number of additional researchers working on Centre research (p69) • Articles 26 35 • Postdoctoral researchers 8 10 • Centre of Excellence Website hits 7.5m 11.8m • PhD students 25 19 • Masters by research/coursework students 8 13 International visitors (p56) 75 79 • Honours students 4 7 Gender equity Number of postgraduate completions (p42) • Research Fellow appointments (p69) 50:50 50:50 • PhD students 25 27 • Gender equity and diversity mentoring, and training activities: 25 27 • Masters by research/coursework students 8 12 no. of participants and attendances (p42) • Honours students 4 7

Number of mentoring programs offered by the Centre (p42) 12 16

Number of presentations/briefings (p62)

• To the public 40 75 • To government/agencies/industry/business/end-users/NGOs (national 80 108 and international) (in addition to workshops/conferences above)

Number of new organisations collaborating with, or involved in, 45 154 the Centre

90 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2019 91 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies thanks the following organisations and partners for their ongoing support:

• Australian Academy of Science (NIWA), New Zealand • Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), (ACIAR) USA • Australian Government: Department of the Environment • National Research Foundation of South Africa and Energy • National Science Foundation, USA • Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) • National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC), • Australian Coral Reef Society University of Maryland, USA • Australian Marine Sciences Association • National University of Singapore • Australian Museum • Natural History Museum, UK • Australian Society for Fish Biology • Naturhistoriches Museum, Vienna, Austria • Beijing Genomics Institute Australia • Northern Territory Department of Primary Industries and • Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, USA Resources • Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de • Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate l’Environnement (CRIOBE), French Polynesia University, Japan • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France • Palau International Coral Reef Center • Charles Darwin University, Australia • Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, Monaco • Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research • Queensland Government Department of Agriculture and Organisation (CSIRO), Australia Fisheries • Company of Biologists, UK • Queensland Department of Environment and Science • Conservation International • Queensland Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy • Coral Reef Research Foundation, Palau • Queensland Museum Network • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany • Reef Rescue, Australia • Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, Canberra • Schmidt Ocean Institute, USA • Great Barrier Reef Foundation, Australia • Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation, Australia • Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Australia • Secretariat for the Pacific Community, Noumea • Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment, Equity Trustees Charitable Foundation • Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Japan • Institut des récifs coralliens du Pacifique (IRCP), French Polynesia • Smithsonian Marine Network, USA • International Union for the Conservation of Nature • Society for Experimental Biology • James S. McDonnell Foundation, USA • Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden • King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi • The Crawford Fund, Australia Arabia • The Nature Conservancy, International • Københavns Museum, Denmark • Torres Strait Regional Authority • Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) • United States National Museum (Baird project) • Lizard Island Research Station and Foundation, Australia • University of Exeter, United Kingdom • Lord Howe Island Board, Australia • University of Hong Kong • Mahonia Na Dari and Walindi Plantation Resort, Papua New • University of Perpignan, France Guinea • Western Australian Department of Primary Industries and • Marine Parks Authority, Lord Howe Island Marine Park, Regional Development Australia • Western Australian Department of Biodiversity, • Ministry of Fisheries, Tonga Conservation and Attractions • Musée national d’histoires naturelle, France • Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association • Musée Zoologique, France (WIOMSA), Zanzibar • Museum für Naturkunde, Germany • Wildlife Conservation Society, USA • National Environment Science Programme, Australia • WorldFish, Malaysia • National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan • World Wildlife Fund • National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research • Yale Peabody Museum, USA

THIS PHOTO PETER MUMBY 92 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES BACK COVER PHOTO AMY COPPOCK ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4811 AUSTRALIA

Phone: +61 7 4781 4000 Email: [email protected] Web: www.coralcoe.org.au  @CoralCoE