Contribuições Da Hipermidia Nas Histórias Em Quadrinhos Para a Experiência De Leitura E Aprendizagem

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Contribuições Da Hipermidia Nas Histórias Em Quadrinhos Para a Experiência De Leitura E Aprendizagem UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CAMPUS UNIVERSITÁRIO REITOR JOÃO DAVID FERREIRA LIMA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM DESIGN Alexandra Teixeira de Rosso Presser Mobile Comics: um guia de parâmetros para desenvolvimento de histórias em quadrinhos digitais focados na leitura em tela pequena Florianópolis 2020 Alexandra Teixeira de Rosso Presser Mobile Comics: um guia de parâmetros para desenvolvimento de histórias em quadrinhos digitais focados na leitura em tela pequena Tese submetida ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Design da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para a obtenção do Grau de Doutora em Design. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gilson Braviano Coorientador: Prof. PhD. Eduardo Côrte-Real Florianópolis 2020 Ficha de identificação da obra Presser, Alexandra Mobile Comics: um guia de parâmetros para desenvolvimento de histórias em quadrinhos digitais focados na leitura em tela pequena / Alexandra Presser; orientador, Gilson Braviano, coorientador, Eduardo Côrte-Real, 2020. 175 p. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design, Florianópolis, 2020. Inclui referências. 1. Design. 2. Histórias em Quadrinhos Digitais. 3. Design. 4. hipermídia. 5. Dispositivos de Tela Pequena. I. Braviano, Gilson. II. Côrte-Real, Eduardo. III. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design. IV. Título. Alexandra Teixeira de Rosso Presser Mobile Comics: um guia de parâmetros para desenvolvimento de histórias em quadrinhos digitais focados na leitura em tela pequena O presente trabalho em nível de doutorado foi avaliado e aprovado por banca examinadora composta pelos seguintes membros: Profa. Giselle Schmidt A D Merino, Dra. UFSC Profa. Berenice Santos Gonçalves, Dra. Eng. UFSC Prof. Alexandre Linck Vargas, Dr. UNISUL Certificamos que esta é a versão original e final do trabalho de conclusão que foi julgado adequado para obtenção do título de doutora em Design. Coordenação do Programa PósDesign Prof. Dr. Gilson Braviano - Orientador(a) Florianópolis, 2 de março de 2020. Este trabalho é dedicado a quem gosta de quadrinhos: tanto de ler como fazer. Agradecimentos Aos colegas do PósDesign, pelas tardes no HiperLab, pelas ajudas, pelas saídas e pelo apoio. Também aos professores e colaboradores, pela orientação e suporte. Ao professor Gilson, meu querido orientador, por ser uma pessoa incrível e o melhor orientador que eu poderia querer. Foi um privilégio poder estudar todos esses seis anos sob sua orientação. Ao professor Eduardo, pelo seu interesse neste projeto, por me fazer olhar a pesquisa com outros olhos e tornar tudo ainda mais interessante, por todo o imenso conhecimento compartilhado, e pela oportunidade de vivenciar profissionalmente uma Universidade europeia. Ao IADE e ao UNIDCOM, pela acolhida, apoio, e pelas oportunidades únicas de estudar e lecionar fora do mau país de origem. Aos quadrinistas digitais que disponibilizaram seu precioso tempo para conversar comigo sobre webcomics. Aos alunos da disciplina de Ilustração e Banda Desenhada que toparam participar da pesquisa e entraram de cabeça nos Mobile Comics. Aos incríveis profissionais de quadrinhos que ofereceram seu tempo para ler e analisar meu projeto de guia de parâmetros com tanto cuidado e carinho. Ao Daniel, meu marido, pela paciência, apoio e parceria. Não fosse você do meu lado, eu não teria chegado tão longe. À minha família, pela torcida e corujice. Especialmente à minha mãe, Arlete, pela ajuda final com a revisão destas quase 40 mil palavras escritas com tanto empenho. À Marcela, pelas revisões constantes das versões em inglês do Guia e pelo companheirismo do outro lado do oceano. À CAPES, por viabilizar esses anos de estudo e a realização desse sonho, tanto no Brasil como em Portugal. Aos amigos ilustradores e quadrinistas, que moram perto e longe, por todas as ajudas e parcerias. Aos Ragnarockers: Vin, Isis, Nemo, Gabi, Pedro, Carlos e Dani, pelas partidas de Dungeons & Dragons que foram o melhor remédio anti-stress que uma garota nerd poderia querer. Aos amigos da Liga de Estudos em Quadrinhos, por fazer com que estudar quadrinhos se tornasse ainda mais divertido. Muito, muito, MUITO obrigada! “Effortlessness is a myth.” Shaddy Safadi – Digital Concept Artist Resumo As histórias em quadrinhos são um meio de expressão artística, que atinge diversas idades, possuindo conteúdos tão variados quanto a própria literatura. Com isto, a grande popularidade dos dispositivos móveis de tela pequena vem gerando estudos acadêmicos que buscam adaptar as páginas de quadrinhos a estes reduzidos formatos digitais, seja por meio de fragmentação ou compactação das artes, oferecendo resultados nem sempre satisfatórios, que muitas vezes inviabilizam o uso criativo dos elementos dos quadrinhos por parte do quadrinista. A partir de uma análise a respeito da linguagem única dos quadrinhos, dos seus elementos e processos de criação, este estudo propõe um guia de parâmetros para o desenvolvimento de quadrinhos com foco na leitura em dispositivos de tela pequena, também conhecidos como Mobile Comics, visando trazer à luz a criação direcionada para esta mídia, e não sua adaptação. Para este fim, esta tese de doutorado apresenta uma pesquisa em três etapas: na primeira delas, um levantamento bibliográfico sobre histórias em quadrinhos digitais e leitura em dispositivos de tela pequena é feito. Nesta análise, foram encontradas dez características de design em dois formatos distintos – tirinhas verticais e tela infinita –, que distinguem os quadrinhos clássicos dos digitais para tela pequena, tanto em seu desenvolvimento como leitura. Suas características são simplicidade, respiro, letreiramento maior, identificação, unidades dramáticas nos quadros ou agrupamentos, utilização de largura da tela, áreas de silêncio, leitura verticalizada, hipermídia e narrativas de tamanhos variados. Na segunda etapa, é executada uma pesquisa de campo, baseada em três coletas de dados, em fases distintas. A partir de entrevistas com quadrinistas digitais, as quais levaram à identificação das principais ferramentas usadas para otimizar suas criações, foi proposta uma primeira versão do guia de parâmetros, focado em quadrinistas iniciantes. O guia foi, então, aplicado com alunos de quadrinhos, em nível de mestrado, de onde buscou-se aferir seu conteúdo e gerar seu refinamento. Em seguida, essa nova versão foi avaliada por profissionais que atuam com diversas áreas dos quadrinhos, o que levou à validação de seu conteúdo pelo grupo e gerou contribuições em termos da linguagem e apresentação visual da proposta. Na etapa final, a pesquisa apontou, portanto, que o uso do guia de parâmetros proposto, em sua versão final, contribui para ampliação prática dos conhecimentos a respeito do desenvolvimento profissional dos Mobile Comics, do ponto de vista do Design, para quadrinistas iniciantes desta mídia. Também se conclui que, tanto o guia quanto o presente estudo como um todo, agregam para a disseminação do conhecimento acadêmico a respeito dos Mobile Comics como um gênero das histórias em quadrinhos, dignos de futuros estudos mais específicos e variados, tais quais os quadrinhos clássicos já oferecem. Palavras-chave: Histórias em Quadrinhos, Mobile Comics, Quadrinhos Digitais, Design, hipermídia, dispositivos de tela pequena. Abstract Comics are an artistic expression media, that reaches different ages, with content as varied as literature itself. With this, the great popularity of small screen mobile devices has been generating academic studies that seek to adapt comic pages to these reduced digital formats, either by fragmenting or compacting the arts, offering results that are not always satisfactory, which often make the creative use of comics’ elements by the comic artist impracticable. Based on an analysis of the unique comics’ language, its elements and creative processes, this study proposes a parameter guide for comics development focusing on small screen devices reading, also known as Mobile Comics, aiming to bring light to the creation directed towards this media, and not its adaptation. To this end, this doctoral thesis presents a research in three stages: in the first stage, a bibliographical survey on webcomics and small screen devices reading is done. In this analysis, ten design characteristics were found in two different formats - vertical strips and infinite screen -, which distinguish classic comics from webcomics for small screens, both in their development and reading. Its characteristics are simplicity, breathing, greater lettering, identification, dramatic units in frames or clusters, use of screen width, silence areas, vertical reading, hypermedia and narratives of varying sizes. In the second stage, a field research is carried out, based on three data collections, in different phases. Based on interviews with digital comic artists, which led to the identification of the main tools used to optimize their creations, a first version of the parameter guide was proposed, focused on beginning comic artists. The guide was then applied to master's level comics students, from which its validity was inferred, and its refinement was generated. Then, this new version was evaluated by comics professionals working in different areas, which led to the validation of its content by the group and generated contributions in terms of language and visual presentation of the proposal. In the final stage, the research pointed out, therefore, that the use of the proposed parameter guide, in its final version,
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