001- NY (Titel)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
1 Arv Nordic Yearbook of Folklore 2009 2 3 ARVARV 4 © 2008 by The Royal Gustavus Adolphus Academy, Uppsala ISSN 0066-8176 All rights reserved Printed with grants from Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council), Stockholm, Sweden Articles appearing in this yearbook are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life 1998– Editorial address: Prof. Arne Bugge Amundsen Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages University of Oslo Box 1010 Blindern NO–0315 Oslo, Norway phone + 4722857629 fax + 4722854828 http:// www.hf.uio.no/ikos/forskning/arv/index.html Cover: Kirsten Berrum For index of earlier volumes, see http://www.kgaa.nu/tidskrift.php Distributor Swedish Science Press Box 118, SE–751 04 Uppsala, Sweden phone: +46(0)18365566 fax: +46(0)18365277 e-mail: [email protected] Printed in Sweden Textgruppen i Uppsala AB, Uppsala 2009 5 Contents Articles Lizette Gradén and Hanne Pico Larsen: Nordic Spaces in the North and North America. Heritage Preservation in Real and Imagined Nordic Places . 7 Valdimar Tr. Hafstein: Collectivity by Culture Squared. Cultural Heritage in Nordic Spaces . 11 Janet C. Gilmore: Mount Horeb’s Oljanna Venden Cunneen. A Norwegian-American Rosemaler “on the Edge” . 25 Kristinn Schram: Performing the North. Folk Culture, Exoticism and Irony among Expatriates . 49 Lizette Gradén: Transatlantic Place Making. The Use of Swedish Bridal Crown as Heritage Performance in the United States . 73 Hanne Pico Larsen: Danish Maids and Visual Matters. Celebrating Heritage in Solvang, California . 93 James P. Leary: New Legends in Nordic America. The Case of Big Erick Erickson . 111 Survey Article Henning Laugerud: The Collection of Norwegian Witchcraft-trials in the Norwegian Folklore Archives (Norsk Folkeminnesamling) at the University of Oslo . 131 Book Reviews Mia-Marie Hammarlin: Att leva som utbränd (Georg Drakos) . 143 Gunilla Byrman (ed.): En värld för sig själv (Anne Bergman) . 148 Kjell Å. Modéer (ed.): Grændse som skiller ej! (Jesper Falkheimer) . 150 6 Lina Midholm et al. (eds.): The Ritual Year and Ritual Diversity (Lena Marander-Eklund) . 152 Fredrik Skott: Folkets minnen (Ulrika Wolf-Knuts) . 155 Bengt af Klintberg: Folkminnen (Blanka Henriksson) . 157 Bengt af Klintberg & Ulf Palmenfelt: Vår tids folkkultur (Carola Ekrem) . 158 Niklas Nyqvist: Från bondson till folkmusikikon (Patrik Sandgren) . 159 Palle Ove Christiansen & Jens Henrik Koudal (eds.): Det ombejlede folk (Fredrik Skott) . 162 Eva M. Karlsson: Livet nära döden (Anders Gustavsson) . 164 Laura Stark: The Magical Self (Camilla Asplund Ingemark) . 167 Kyrre Kverndokk: Pilgrim, turist og elev (Anders Gustavsson) . 169 Jonathan Roper (ed.): Charms, Charmers and Charming (Arne Bugge Amundsen) . 171 Ritwa Herjulfsdotter: Jungfru Maria möter ormen (Arne Bugge Amundsen) . 174 Marie Steinrud: Den dolda offentligheten (Arne Bugge Amundsen) . 176 Lars-Eric Jönsson, Anna Wallette & Jes Wienberg (eds.): Kanon och kulturarv (Beate Feldmann) . 178 Liv Bjørnhaug Johansen & Ida Tolgensbakk Vedeld (eds.): Mang- foldige minner (Ronald Grambo) . 181 Bente Gullveig Alver: Mellom mennesker og magter (Gunnar W. Knutsen) . 182 Ingrid Åkesson: Med rösten som instrument (Ingrid Gjertsen) . 184 Anna-Maria Ånäs, Janina Lassila & Ann-Helen Sund (eds.): Extremt? Etnologiska analyser av kvinnorock, extremsport och Ultimate Fighting (Kristofer Hansson) . 188 Lena Marander-Eklund, Sofie Strandén, Nils G. Holm (eds.): Folkliga föreställningar och folklig religiositet (Ane Ohrvik) . 191 Billy Ehn & Orvar Löfgren: När ingenting särskilt händer. Nya kul- turanalyser (Olav Christensen) . 194 Anja Petersen: På visit i verkligheten. Fotografi och kön i slutet av 1800-talet (Anna Dahlgren) . 195 Erik Ottoson: Söka sitt. Om möten mellan människor och föremål (Bjarne Rogan) . 199 Books Received by the Editor 2009 . 203 Nordic Spaces in the North and North America 7 Nordic Spaces in the North and North America Heritage Preservation in Real and Imagined Nordic Places Lizette Gradén & Hanne Pico Larsen This issue of Arv marks the beginning of a four-year project entitled “Nordic Spaces in the North and North America: Heritage Preservation in Real and Imagined Nordic Places.” The project group consists of five post-doctoral scholars from the fields of ethnology/folklore/theatre. A chief strategy is to pool our experiences and networks to actively engage them as a resource in our work. Project participants include Chad Eric Bergman (North Park Uni- versity, Chicago), Lizette Gradén (Konstfack, Stockholm), Valdimar Tr. Haf- stein (University of Iceland, Reykjavik), Hanne Pico Larsen (Danish Folklore Archives, Copenhagen), Susanne Österlund-Pötzsch (Åbo Akademi, Åbo). The four-year project is funded by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Founda- tion’s Nordic Spaces program (www.sh/nordicspaces.se), with additional co-funding being provided by North Park University, the University of Ice- land, and the Danish Heritage Society, USA. In this first publication we wel- come the following colleagues for collaboration; Professor Janet Gilmore (University of Wisconsin, Madison), Professor Jim Leary (University of Wis- consin, Madison), and director/Ph.D. candidate Kristinn Schram (Icelandic Centre for Ethnology and Folklore/University of Edinburgh). As a result of this issue, we hope to reach out to scholars in different fields who share our interests in culture marked by migration and heritage preservation. Given the scope of this project, we want to say a few words about the con- cepts Nordic and Space. However, before discussing these two concepts, it is important to note that both terms are complex, with each having its own vast body of scholarship and particular institutional usage. Whereas it would be well-nigh impossible to address all aspects of this scholarly output within the confines of the present issue of Arv, we have chosen to focus on how these concepts play out in the performance of heritage in official as well as domestic spheres. Our research shows that the concept of Nordic is less rele- vant to the makers and preservers of heritage in spaces outside the places they refer back to (i.e. the Nordic countries). In the hands of immigrants and their descendants, institutional usage breaks down into more specific cate- 8 Lizette Gradén & Hanne Pico Larsen gories based on identification shaped by being located “in between” coun- tries, or at an intersection of Europe and the USA, or “here and there”, and even complicating categories by identifying with at least two places. Iden- tity politics and heritage making are performed in families, groups and communities relating to concepts such as Scandinavian, Swedish-Finnish, Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish and particular provinces. So we re- turn to the question of defining the Nordic. In this issue of Arv, concept of the Nordic begins with the definition by Kenneth R. Olwig and Michael Jones (2008), namely that: “Norden, literal- ly ‘the North’ comprises the states of Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Denmark, Norway, and Sweden are the three nation-states of Scandinavia (although in the English-speaking world ‘Scandinavia’ some- times refers to all the Nordic countries). Finland, to the east, was historically once part of Sweden and includes the internally autonomous, Swedish- speaking island territory of Åland. In the North Atlantic to the west are Ice- land, once belonging to Norway and later to Denmark but now an independ- ent state, and the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are internally auton- omous territories under Denmark. Historically, other territories once within the cultural and political sphere of the Scandinavian countries included Slesvig-Holsten (Schleswig-Holstein in Germany), Orkney and Shetland, and Estonia on the Baltic” (Jones & Olwig 2008:ix). Expanding on this definition however, we also posit that “the North” reaches beyond territorial boundaries to include numerous cultural and edu- cational networks created mainly after the First and Second World War. Among these are Nordiska Rådet (Nordic Council) 1952, Nordiska minis- terrådet (Nordic Council of Ministers) established in 1971 (DS 2008:80, p. 41) and Nordisk Kulturfond (Nordic Cultural Foundation) 1966. In the field of ethnology and folklore Nordic and international cooperation goes back to 1905, when Axel Olrik and his Nordic colleagues inaugurated the Folklore Fellows Communications to further intercollegiate research exchange. Nor- dic Folklorists had been meeting bi- or tri-annually since 1920 (Kaivola- Bregenhøj 1983). In 1963, at the 16th Nordic Folklife and Folklore Con- gress in Røros, Norway, NEFA-Norden was established (Jordan & Ramberg 1993:208, Kaivola-Bregenhøj 1983:204). NIF (1959–1997) was founded to coordinate endeavors in the field of type-indexing the stock of Nordic folk- tales and legends. (www.folklorefellows.fi/netw/ffn14/nif.html). The Nor- den Association was established in 1919 to stimulate cultural cooperation between the Nordic countries and has since established cultural houses in Iceland, the Faroes, Greenland, Åland, and Finland.1 For a preliminary working definition of Space we turn to the seminal work by Yi-Fu Tuan (1977). According to him, place and space are basic components of the lived world, something most people take for granted (Tuan 1977). As we work with different Nordic spaces, it makes sense to use the broad and somewhat generalizing definition of space in the following Nordic Spaces in the North and North America 9 way: “In experience, the meaning of space often merges