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Reducing Dietary Sodium and Improving Human Health

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Reducing Dietary Sodium and Improving Human Health nutrients Reducing Dietary Books Sodium and Improving Human Health Edited by Jacqui Webster Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Nutrients www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients MDPI Reducing Dietary Sodium and Improving Human Health Special Issue Editor Jacqui Webster Books MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade MDPI Special Issue Editor Jacqui Webster The George Institute for Global Health Australia Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 Basel, Switzerland This edition is a reprint of the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643) in 2017–2018 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients/special issues/ nutrients sodium). Books For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: Lastname, F.M.; Lastname, F.M. Article title. Journal Name Year, Article number, page range. First Editon 2018 ISBN 978-3-03842-925-8 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03842-926-5 (PDF) Articles in this volume are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book taken as a whole is c 2018 MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). MDPI Table of Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... vii Preface to ”Reducing Dietary Sodium and Improving Human Health” .............. ix Claire Johnson, Sailesh Mohan, Kris Rogers, Roopa Shivashankar, Sudhir Raj Thout, Priti Gupta, Feng J. He, Graham A. MacGregor, Jacqui Webster, Anand Krishnan, Pallab K. Maulik, K. Srinath Reddy, Dorairaj Prabhakaran and Bruce Neal The Association of Knowledge and Behaviours Related to Salt with 24-h Urinary Salt Excretion in a Population from North and South India doi: 10.3390/nu9020144 ........................................ 1 Emma McMahon, Jacqui Webster and Julie Brimblecombe Effect of 25% Sodium Reduction on Sales of a Top-Selling Bread in Remote Indigenous Australian Community Stores: A Controlled Intervention Trial doi: 10.3390/nu9030214 ........................................ 14 Sanne A. E. Peters, Elizabeth Dunford, Lisa J. Ware, Teresa Harris, Adele Walker, Mariaan Wicks, Tertia van Zyl, Bianca Swanepoel, Karen E. Charlton, Mark Woodward, Jacqui Webster and Bruce Neal The Sodium Content of Processed Foods in South Africa during the Introduction of Mandatory Sodium Limits doi: 10.3390/nu9040404 ........................................ 25 Books Eleni Vasara, Georgios Marakis, Joao Breda, Petros Skepastianos, Maria Hassapidou, Anthony Kafatos, Nikolaos Rodopaios, Alexandra A. Koulouri and Francesco P.Cappuccio Sodium and Potassium Intake in Healthy Adults in Thessaloniki Greater Metropolitan Area—The Salt Intake in Northern Greece (SING) Study doi: 10.3390/nu9040417 ........................................ 40 Felicity Zganiacz, Ron B. H. Wills, Soumi Paul Mukhopadhyay, Jayashree Arcot and Heather Greenfield Changes in the Sodium Content of Australian Processed Foods between 1980 and 2013 Using Analytical Data doi: 10.3390/nu9050501 ........................................ 51 Clare Farrand, Karen Charlton, Michelle Crino, Joseph Santos, Rodrigo Rodriguez-Fernandez, Cliona Ni Mhurchu and Jacqui Webster Know Your Noodles! Assessing Variations in Sodium Content of Instant Noodles across Countries doi: 10.3390/nu9060612 ........................................ 62 Elizabeth K. Dunford, Jennifer M. Poti and Barry M. Popkin Emerging Disparities in Dietary Sodium Intake from Snacking in the US Population doi: 10.3390/nu9060610 ........................................ 72 Norm R. C. Campbell and Emma J. Train A Systematic Review of Fatalities Related to Acute Ingestion of Salt. A Need for Warning Labels? doi: 10.3390/nu9070648 ........................................ 84 iii MDPI Toshiyuki Iwahori, Katsuyuki Miura and Hirotsugu Ueshima Time to Consider Use of the Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio for Practical Sodium Reduction and Potassium Increase doi: 10.3390/nu9070700 ........................................ 93 M. Amalia Pesantes, Francisco Diez-Canseco, Antonio Bernab´e-Ortiz,Vilarmina Ponce-Lucero and J. Jaime Miranda Taste, Salt Consumption, and Local Explanations around Hypertension in a Rural Population in Northern Peru doi: 10.3390/nu9070698 ........................................104 Eduardo A. F. Nilson, Ana M. Spaniol, Vivian S. S. Gon¸calves,Iracema Moura, Sara A. Silva, Mary L’Abb´eand Patricia C. Jaime Sodium Reduction in Processed Foods in Brazil: Analysis of Food Categories and Voluntary Targets from 2011 to 2017 doi: 10.3390/nu9070742 ........................................117 Elisabeth H. M. Temme, Marieke A. H. Hendriksen, Ivon E. J. Milder, Ido B. Toxopeus, Susanne Westenbrink, Henny A. M. Brants and Daphne L. van der A doi: 10.3390/nu9070791 ........................................131 So-hyun Ahn, Jong Sook Kwon, Kyungmin Kim and Hye-Kyeong Kim Stages of Behavioral Change for Reducing Sodium Intake in Korean Consumers: Comparison of Characteristics Based on Social Cognitive Theory Books doi: 10.3390/nu9080808 ........................................148 Eloisa Colin-Ramirez, Angeles´ Espinosa-Cuevas, Paola Vanessa Miranda-Alatriste, Veronica ´ Ivette Tovar-Villegas, JoAnne Arcand and Ricardo Correa-Rotter Food Sources of Sodium Intake in an Adult Mexican Population: A Sub-Analysis of the SALMEX Study doi: 10.3390/nu9080810 ........................................164 Ana Queiroz, Albertino Damasceno, Neusa Jessen, C´eliaNovela, Pedro Moreira, Nuno Lunet and Patr´ıciaPadr˜ao Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and Dietary Sources of Sodium in Maputo, Mozambique doi: 10.3390/nu9080830 ........................................177 Erika C. Odom, Corine Whittick, Xin Tong, Katherine A. John and Mary E. Cogswell Changes in Consumer Attitudes toward Broad-Based and Environment-Specific Sodium Policies—SummerStyles 2012 and 2015 doi: 10.3390/nu9080836 ........................................190 Rebecca Lindberg, Tyler Nichols and Chrystal Yam The Healthy Eating Agenda in Australia. Is Salt a Priority for Manufacturers? doi: 10.3390/nu9080881 ........................................201 Claudia Nieto, Sofia Rincon-Gallardo Pati ˜no,Lizbeth Tolentino-Mayo, Angela Carriedo and Sim´onBarquera Characterization of Breakfast Cereals Available in the Mexican Market: Sodium and Sugar Content doi: 10.3390/nu9080884 ........................................218 iv MDPI Aine´ Regan, Monique Potvin Kent, Monique M. Raats, Aine´ McConnon, Patrick Wall and Lise Dubois Applying a Consumer Behavior Lens to Salt Reduction Initiatives doi: 10.3390/nu9080901 ........................................231 Yunus Erdem, Tekin Akpolat, Ulver¨ Derici, S¸ule S¸eng ¨ul,S¸ehsuvar Ert ¨urk,S¸¨ukr ¨uUlusoy, B¨ulent Altun and Mustafa Arıcı Dietary Sources of High Sodium Intake in Turkey: SALTURK II doi: 10.3390/nu9090933 ........................................240 Elias Menyanu, Karen E. Charlton, Lisa J. Ware, Joanna Russell, Richard Biritwum and Paul Kowal Salt Use Behaviours of Ghanaians and South Africans: A Comparative Study of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices doi: 10.3390/nu9090939 ........................................250 Igor Pravst, Zivaˇ Lavriˇsa,Anita Kuˇsar, Krista Miklavec and Katja Zmitekˇ Changes in Average Sodium Content of Prepacked Foods in Slovenia during 2011–2015 doi: 10.3390/nu9090952 ........................................263 Midori Sasaki Yatabe, Toshiyuki Iwahori, Ami Watanabe, Kozue Takano, Hironobu Sanada, Tsuyoshi Watanabe, Atsuhiro Ichihara, Robin A. Felder, Katsuyuki Miura, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Junko Kimura and Junichi Yatabe Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio Tracks the Changes in Salt Intake during an Experimental Feeding Study Using Standardized Low-Salt and High-Salt Meals among Books Healthy Japanese Volunteers doi: 10.3390/nu9090951 ........................................274 Natalia Elorriaga, Laura Gutierrez, Iris B. Romero, Daniela L. Moyano, Rosana Poggio, Mat´ıasCalandrelli, Nora Mores, Adolfo Rubinstein and Vilma Irazola Collecting Evidence to Inform Salt Reduction Policies in Argentina: Identifying Sources of Sodium Intake in Adults from a Population-Based Sample doi: 10.3390/nu9090964 ........................................287 Djin G. Liem Infants’ and Children’s Salt Taste Perception and Liking: A Review doi: 10.3390/nu9091011 ........................................301 Adriana Blanco-Metzler, Rafael Moreira Claro, Katrina Heredia-Blonval, Ivannia Caravaca Rodr´ıguez,Mar´ıade los A. Montero-Campos, Branka Legetic and Mary R. L’Abbe Baseline and Estimated Trends of Sodium Availability and Food Sources in the Costa Rican Population during 2004–2005 and 2012–2013 doi: 10.3390/nu9091020 ........................................318 Edelweiss Wentzel-Viljoen, Krisela Steyn, Carl Lombard, Anniza De Villiers, Karen Charlton, Sabine Frielinghaus, Christelle Crickmore and Vash Mungal-Singh Evaluation of a Mass-Media Campaign to Increase the Awareness of the Need to Reduce Discretionary Salt Use in the South African Population doi: 10.3390/nu9111238 ........................................329 Arti Pillay, Kathy Trieu, Joseph Alvin Santos, Arleen Sukhu, Jimaima Schultz, Jillian Wate, Colin Bell, Marj Moodie, Wendy Snowdon,
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