Gentle Voice 22

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Gentle Voice 22 A NEWSLETTER OF SIDDHARTHA’S INTENT IN THIS ISSUE SEPTEMBER 2004 • THE WHEEL OF LIFE • INTERVIEW WITH KHENPO SONAM TASHI • THREE-YEAR RETREAT AT VAJRADHARA GONPA • LETTER FROM THE ENGLISH TUTOR • A BABY IN A BACKPACK TO BHUTAN The Wheel of Life DZONGSAR KHYENTSE RINPOCHE I’m sure many of you have seen the painting of the Briefly, how do you define what is normal or what is not Wheel of Life. It’s quite a popular painting that you can normal? Nagarjuna’s definition of what is normal is when see in front of almost every Buddhist monastery. In fact, something is not dependent. If an entity depends on some Buddhist scholars believe that the painting another entity, then we are never sure whether the colour existed prior to Buddha’s statues. This is probably the or the quality of this present entity is actually the ultimate first ever Buddhist symbol that existed. nature because it is dependent on the second entity. There is always a possibility that the second entity can corrupt The painting is, loosely, a depiction of life. I guess the first entity. So, likewise, a mind that is dependent on curiosity about life is one big curiosity that we have. But an object, a mind that is dependent on all kinds of the definition of life is quite a diverse thing so this is education, influence, meditation, is an abnormal mind something that we have to come to a mutual agreement according to Nagarjuna. So what is a normal mind? When about. I know many refer to this as the ‘wheel of life’, srid you completely renounce all these objects, all these pa ’khor lo. But, actually, the Tibetan word srid pa is not entities that your mind is totally or partially dependent really ‘life’. Srid pa actually means ‘possible existence’ – on. maybe it’s existing, maybe it’s not, but it’s possible that it exists. That’s an interpretation of life according to So for now you can say the pig, which represents our Buddhism. The interpretation itself is quite profound, I ignorance, is the one that causes all this perception. This think. And then ’khor lo means ‘the wheel’, ‘the chakra’, is not the best painting. Ideally, the cock and the snake ‘the mandala’, which again in itself has some profound should be vomited out of the pig’s mouth because the pig significance because when we talk about ‘mandala’ we gives birth to passion, the cock, and aggression, the are talking about chaos; at the same time we are talking snake. Now please don’t bring that petty mentality about about order. So we are talking about a chaotic order about this being such a politically incorrect thing for a pig to life. represent ignorance and so on and so forth. This is a useless debate! Please, you have to understand that this is I was asking people about the definition of the word ‘life’ a symbolic teaching. And somehow, I don’t know why, in English. There are many, but one that struck me was pigs have always been unfortunate. The Buddhists have ‘coming to life’, ‘becoming animated’. I have a feeling that depicted pigs as the symbol of ignorance and Muslims when we talk about ‘animate’ we are talking about have even refrained from eating them. something like consciousness. So, basically, when we talk about ‘life’ I think somehow we are talking about Anyway, the pig represents ignorance. From the something to do with a mind, consciousness, awareness. ignorance comes hope, which is actually like the mother Would you agree with that? of passion, and then from the ignorance comes fear, which is like the mother of aggression. So we have three So, okay, there’s this question: What is the purpose of life? kinds of mental factors. Of course, the original one is the But before we even talk about the purpose of life, what is ignorance, which gives birth to aggression and passion. life? Now according to Buddhism, life is nothing but a So you can say that these three are what perceives things. perception, a continuous perception. This has become the We were talking about perception. These three perceive major, fundamental subject of Buddhist teachings, which things in so many, many different ways. is taught in many different ways, and one way is through painting, I guess. So if you look at the picture, you will Sometimes, out of ignorance comes the hope of wanting see the Buddhist interpretation of life. If you ask a to be good. Out of this wanting to be good, a person Buddhist, ‘What is life?’ they will say, ‘This is it, this is behaves or manifests in a compassionate and non-violent life.’ Anyway, as I said, life is a perception. A perception way. In this case, such a person’s perceptions are more of what? Who is the perceiver? The black pig in the wholesome so you can say that this kind of person centre. It’s very difficult to teach about this. It has been experiences perceptions such as the god realm and the the major subject of Buddhist studies because you have to asura (or jealous god) realm. Sometimes out of ignorance define what is ignorance. In Buddhism when we judge comes passion or aggression, which creates a lot of havoc what is ignorance and what is not ignorance, we don’t – it kills, steals, destroys oneself or others and gives birth judge something as ignorant or evil based on morality or to unwholesome, painful, aggressive perceptions. That’s ethics. It has to be judged based on wisdom. So when we depicted in what we call the ‘three lower realms’ - the hell talk about ignorance, we are talking about a mind that is realm, the hungry ghost realm and the animal realm. So at its height of abnormality. When the mind is at its these are the six realms. height of normality, then that’s wisdom. Here, there is quite an important message. When Buddhists talk about hell, they are not talking about a Cover photo: Wheel of Life (Photo Stuart MacFarlane) concrete place somewhere underneath. And when we talk 2 - Gentle Voice about heaven we are not talking about somewhere where for food everywhere. Quite interestingly, there are some everything works. We are not talking about a place to hungry ghosts sitting there who have jewels, but they are migrate to, basically. When we talk about going to hell, so stingy they don’t give them to other people. Of course we are not talking about being punished. I think the not! But they don’t use them for themselves either. They concept of punishment is quite a new thing for the just save them for the next day or the next year. Buddhists, actually. Although we may say: ‘If you do such and such bad karma, because of this bad Then there’s the god realm – castles, dancing girls, karma you will go to hell’, we are not saying beautiful trees that have all sorts of ornaments, that there is a someone called ‘karma’ people spending life just listening to music, which is going to then force you as a playing music, taking baths, everything is punishment to experience the lower so perfect. And there’s the asura realm. realms. As we spoke about before, it’s They are as rich as gods, but they have a perception, depending on your one problem which is fights. They love mind, depending on your mental fighting because they are jealous all state. the time. For instance, they fight a lot with the gods. This tree is called the Let’s discuss the six realms. Since wish-fulfilling tree. It actually grows the hell realm is the worst, let’s talk in the asura realm. The jealous gods about it first so we can get it out of are busy taking care of this tree but it is the way. This is really quite profound. so tall, when it bears flowers and fruit, it In the hell realm all kinds of suffering usually does so up on the top level and are depicted. In the centre of the hell realm only the gods can reach them. So all the sits Yamaraja, who is like the Lord of Hell. A jealous gods’ effort in taking care of the tree is Hell’s Angel, I guess, not on a Harley Davidson, (Photo Stuart MacFarlane) wasted. That really triggers so much anger and but sitting comfortably on the throne made out jealousy, which then creates a lot of fighting of skulls. The interesting question is, ‘Who is this guy?’ between the asura realm and the god realm. Sadly, the From many Mahayana texts we know who this is. This is gods almost always win, but the jealous gods just don’t none other than the bodhisattva Manjushri. And who is give up. They feel that one day they can topple those in Manjushri? Manjushri is the symbol of wisdom. So again, the god realm. here, the Lord of Hell who decides who is to suffer what, so to speak, is actually your own ultimate nature of In the human realm we see suffering and pain – birth, wisdom sitting there. Then there are things like being death, old age, sickness. At the same time we also see burned in the hot hell and being trapped in the ice and people having fun, for instance. We also see people snow mountains of the cold hell, and then there are all thinking, contemplating and discovering.
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