Devilman CRYBABY: ¿Qué Nos Puede Decir De La Relación Entre NETFLIX Y El ANIME? Brunella Bertocchi Y Antonella Bertocchi

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Devilman CRYBABY: ¿Qué Nos Puede Decir De La Relación Entre NETFLIX Y El ANIME? Brunella Bertocchi Y Antonella Bertocchi PANORÁMICAS Devilman CRYBABY: ¿qué nos puede decir de la relación entre NETFLIX y el ANIME? Brunella Bertocchi y Antonella Bertocchi Fuente: Pinterest 42 VENTANA INDISCRETA│n.°20│Universidad de Lima PANORÁMICAS Aunque el consumo de anime por internet no es algo nuevo, importantes empresas generadoras de contenido empiezan a incursionar como productoras, algunas dispuestas a invertir grandes montos. Frente a una industria local con poca inversión, casas líderes del mundo del streaming están llevando al anime más allá de cualquier frontera, dotando a sus artistas de una amplia libertad creativa. VENTANA INDISCRETA│n.°20│Universidad de Lima 43 PANORÁMICAS Fuente: watchmojo La serie es la adaptación del programa de TV Devilman de los años 70. El 5 de enero del 2018, Netflix añadió brido de ambas especies, quien será dujo junto al director Masaaki Yuasa un nuevo anime a su creciente lista de el único capaz de derrotarlos. Su (quien ha trabajado en Mind Game, producciones originales: Devilman mejor amigo y el personaje que se- 2004; Ping Pong: The Animation, Crybaby, una adaptación moderna, guimos en el relato, Akira, es el hu- 2014; Hora de aventura, 2014) una de diez episodios, del clásico de los mano que se transforma en el arma nueva adaptación de su anime. Ma- setenta Devilman (1972-1973). De- para la guerra contra los demonios, saaki Yuasa es un director reconocido vilman Crybaby es una nueva adi- un empático joven que, aunque se por su estilo único, que transita desde ción a la gran franquicia del mismo convierte en demonio —pasando por el diseño típico del anime hacia imá- nombre que incluye un manga, un distintos cambios físicos que lo ha- genes mucho más surrealistas y expe- anime, varias Original Video Ani- cen más fuerte, grande y agresivo—, rimentales con las que rompe con lo mations (OVA), juegos y más. La se- no pierde su sensibilidad ni su lado que la audiencia tradicional está acos- rie, al igual que los distintos reboots emotivo, desde el cual llora siempre tumbrada a ver. que se han realizado anteriormente que ve sufrimiento: de ahí el nombre En la nueva versión de Devilman del manga, presenta algunas altera- de Crybaby, “bebé llorón”. Crybaby, por lo tanto, no es una ciones en los personajes originales y sorpresa encontrarse con abundan- en sus acciones; no obstante, sigue la tes imágenes de violencia extrema y misma premisa: Akira Fudo, un joven Una nueva adaptación explícitas escenas de sexo, muchas adolescente, es poseído por Amon, veces ambas en situaciones bizarras: un demonio, pero su noble corazón Este programa original es un remake tan solo en el cierre del primer episo- le permite conservar su humanidad, del clásico anime y manga Devilman, dio, Akira y Ryo visitan una discoteca transformándose así en Devilman, creado por Gō Nagai, uno de los au- donde tiene lugar una gran orgía que una criatura con cuerpo de demonio tores más influyentes de esta indus- luego se torna en sangrienta masacre y corazón de humano. tria. Es precursor de populares gé- neros como el mecha y el ecchi, con a manos de Ryo. Puede ser difícil de En la historia se presenta un mun- los animes Mazinger Z (1972-1974) ver para algunos; sin embargo, es una do que está a punto de ser atacado y Harenchi Gakuen (1970-1971) res- característica del seinen, categoría por demonios. Conocemos a Ryo, pectivamente. Gō Nagai es un refe- del anime y el manga enfocada a una un adolescente misterioso que cree rente clave en los animes de ciencia audiencia mayor a 18 años. El seinen que la única forma de derrotar a los ficción, fantasía, horror y erótica. Su se separa de otras categorías de ani- demonios es exponiéndolos ante la debut profesional fue en 1967 con el me ya que sus historias están pensa- humanidad. Para lograr su cometido manga Maekashi Polikichi y, en con- das para ser del interés de personas debe hacer que un humano se mezcle memoración por el 50 aniversario de adultas; su foco narrativo se encuen- con los demonios y cree a un ser hí- su importante carrera, Netflix pro- tra en discusiones morales o psicoló- 44 VENTANA INDISCRETA│n.°20│Universidad de Lima PANORÁMICAS gicas que no deberían ser orientadas la dirección artística de la japonesa a menores. Devilman Crybaby, efec- Ayami Kojima, por lo que, para mu- tivamente, y como cualquier seinen, chos, al no haber sido producida en conversa sobre la humanidad, critica Japón, no se puede considerar como el fundamentalismo usando muchas anime. Devilman Crybaby es la pri- referencias e iconografía cristiana, y mera producción japonesa de Netflix, explora el amor desde distintas mira- es decir, un anime hecho en Japón das: familiar, romántica u obsesiva. para el público japonés, pero produ- cido y financiado desde su concep- Sin embargo, Devilman Crybaby ción por Netflix. En este sentido, esta es un anime peculiar, presenta un serie puede ser considerada como el estilo muy característico de su direc- primer pilar en el posicionamiento de tor Masaaki Yuasa, quien es bastante la popular plataforma de streaming experimental con sus productos, no en el juego de la industria del anime. precisamente comerciales. La histo- ria no es sencilla; hay mucha conver- Devilman Crybaby nos puede ayu- sación que no está dicha o no se ha dar a visualizar el futuro del anime demostrado. Se apoya en elaborados y su posicionamiento en el mercado e impactantes visuales que, por sus global. Al iniciar el siglo, los estudios excesivos trucos y extraños diseños, ubicaban al anime como cultura po- muchas veces hacen creer que la ma- pular y de masas en Japón, y como yor preocupación del director ha sido una subcultura en Estados Unidos y el la de crear una estética de la serie. mundo occidental (Napier, 2001, p. 4). Sin embargo, es la suma de la historia Se podría decir que esta cultura iba existencialista y los fuertes visuales ganando un nicho dentro del mains- lo que hace que la serie resalte en su tream mediante la masificación de la totalidad. Es un anime atrevido en su difusión y consumo del anime (Meo, contenido visual y narrativo; es una 2015), siendo la mayor responsable historia controversial en cuanto a que de este fenómeno la internet. Internet tiene una refrescante mirada sobre como plataforma permitió que el ani- la sexualidad, la sociedad y el papel me tuviese una expansión mundial del hombre en el mundo. Este tipo de por dos razones principalmente, el narración, con sus temáticas e imáge- fácil acceso al producto y la gratui- nes, no suele ser fácilmente contadao dad (Meo, 2015). Existen numerosos en cualquier plataforma; normal- ejemplos de páginas web dedica- mente se buscaría hacer el producto das a compartir anime en las que el más amigable, más digerible. Netflix consumidor puede ver y descargar no busca eso; la plataforma es el me- gratuitamente. El anime es usual- dio indicado para engendrar una his- mente traducido “por fans y para toria como Devilman Crybaby. fans”, maximizando la experiencia de subcultura. Esta situación puede ser percibida como positiva; sin em- “Por fans y para fans” bargo, crea una paradoja comercial dentro de la industria japonesa: la Devilman Crybaby no es el primer popularidad del anime indudable- anime original de Netflix pero sí su mente iba creciendo, lo que podía ser primera producción de anime. La re- rápidamente verificado al observar la De arriba a abajo: lación de Netflix con la industria de proliferación de convenciones dedica- animación japonesa inició cuando das al tema en todo el mundo, al igual Gō Nagai, creador del manga ori- la plataforma de streaming empe- que la creciente asistencia anual. Sin ginal en el cual se basa Devilman zó a comprar los derechos de ciertos embargo, el creciente interés y consu- Crybaby. Fuente: ABC. animes, como Ajin: Demi-Human mo no estaba siendo monetizado. En Yuasa Masaaki, director de Devil- (2016-presente) o Seven Deadly Sins Japón, los estudios se enfrentaban man Crybaby, es conocido por su (2014-presente), producidos en estu- a grandes necesidades financieras estilo de animación experimen- dios japoneses con fecha de estreno que los dejaban con pocas opciones. tal. Fuente: D’A Film Festival. en Japón. Netflix los adquirió meses Muchos estudios cerraron, mientras después para que aparecieran como que otros se fusionaron para sobre- Taito Okiura, el director de anime series originales de la plataforma. vivir (Kelts, 2018). Esta situación era de Netflix, afirma que Devilman Fue recién con la serie Castlevania acompañada de creativos y dibujan- Crybaby no podría existir sin la (2017-presente) que Netflix se em- tes que trabajaban largas horas por plataforma de streaming. Fuente: barcó en la producción original de poco dinero. Mientras el anime se ha- The Geekly Grind. anime. Sin embargo, Castlevania es cía más popular mundialmente, pro- una producción estadounidense bajo ducirlo se volvía más difícil en Japón. VENTANA INDISCRETA│n.°20│Universidad de Lima 45 PANORÁMICAS Del nicho a las masas atractivo para los fans del anime, sino ración y estructura en Japón. Para él, que lo presenta a un público nuevo y las plataformas online expanden las Es en este contexto que el streaming mayor que quizás no ha consumido posibilidades de los artistas de ani- toma importancia. El consumidor anime anteriormente. me (Kelts, 2018). En una entrevista promedio de anime ya habitaba inter- en el programa de TBS Radio, Tama net pero accedía al anime mediante Taito Okiura, el director de ani- Musubi, escritor y crítico de cine, res- streaming manejado por fans, gratui- me de Netflix, afirma que Devilman pondió cuál era su posición respecto a to y, también, ilegal.
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