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Babadzhanian, Hamazasp
Babadzhanian, Hamazasp Born: February 18th, 1906 Died: November 1st, 1977 (Aged 71) Ethnicity: Armenian Field of Activity: Red Army Brief Biography Hamazasp Khachaturi Babadzhanian was a Russian military general who served during multiple wars for the Soviet Union, rising to prominence during the Great Patriotic War. He was born in 1906 into an impecunious Armenian family in Chardakhlu, Azerbaijan. He attended a secondary school in Tiflis in 1915 but due to familial financial difficulties was forced to return home and toil in the fields on his family’s plot of land, later working as a highway worker during 1923-24. Babadzhanian joined the Red Army in 1925 and later attended a Military School in Yerevan in 1926, graduating as an officer in 1929, as well as joining the Soviet Communist Party in 1928. He received various postings, mopping up armed gangs in the Caucasus region in 1930 and aided in liquidating the Kulak revolt. Babadzhanian moved around frequently, generally within the Transcaucasus and Baku regions, until 1939-1940, when he served in the Finno-Soviet war. He played a pivotal role in numerous battles in World War 2, participating in the battle of Smolensk, as well as contributing a fundamentally in Yelnya, where he overcame a far superior German force. For his efforts in recapturing Stanslav he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He provided support in Poland, as well fighting in Berlin, contributing to the capture of the Reichstag. After the Great Patriotic War Babadzhanian would prove crucial in quelling the Hungarian Revolution in 1956, and some time after in 1975 became Chief Marshal of the Tank and Armoured Troops, a rank only he and one other attained. -
Siege of Leningrad Revisited: Narrative, Image, Self
SIEGE OF LENINGRAD REVISITED: NARRATIVE, IMAGE, SELF Introduction Polina Barskova The siege of Leningrad, the longest-lasting military blockade in modern history, has never suffered from a dearth of written documentation. As early as September 1941, this tragedy drew the attention of journalists, historians, and poets, both in the USSR and the west. During the war, the most immediate purpose of this coverage was that of propaganda, to en courage Leningraders to persevere despite the loss of at least one million lives. After the siege ended in 1944, its narration acquired a somewhat peculiar character: often sensational and only partially informed in the west and euphemistically "neutralized" in the Soviet Union.1 Study of this topic was severely hampered as a consequence of "The Leningrad Affair" (1949-53); after a wave of severe purges, museums and archives dedi cated to collecting siege materials were shut down, thus disrupting any attempt at responsible scholarship. For the next four decades, until the time of perestroika, the siege engendered a mighty flow of descriptions. (A full bibliography of Soviet siege texts could easily number in the thousands.) Unfortunately, these accounts typically rehearsed variations on the themes of heroism and sto icism, with Blokadnaia kniga, in which the writers Daniil Granin and Ales' Adamovich used victims' and survivors' diary accounts to present a more objective interpretation of conditions during the siege, constituting the major and valuable exception.2 In this book, attention is focused not on the allegorical virtues of the "front-city" but rather on the price Lenin graders were forced to pay for their city's endurance. -
The Axis Advances
wh07_te_ch17_s02_MOD_s.fm Page 568 Monday, March 12, 2007 2:32WH07MOD_se_CH17_s02_s.fm PM Page 568 Monday, January 29, 2007 6:01 PM Step-by-Step German fighter plane SECTION Instruction 2 WITNESS HISTORY AUDIO Objectives Janina’s War Story As you teach this section, keep students “ It was 10:30 in the morning and I was helping my focused on the following objectives to help mother and a servant girl with bags and baskets as them answer the Section Focus Question they set out for the market. Suddenly the high- and master core content. pitch scream of diving planes caused everyone to 2 freeze. Countless explosions shook our house ■ Describe how the Axis powers came to followed by the rat-tat-tat of strafing machine control much of Europe, but failed to guns. We could only stare at each other in horror. conquer Britain. Later reports would confirm that several German Janina Sulkowska in ■ Summarize Germany’s invasion of the the early 1930s Stukas had screamed out of a blue sky and . Soviet Union. dropped several bombs along the main street— and then returned to strafe the market. The carnage ■ Understand the horror of the genocide was terrible. the Nazis committed. —Janina Sulkowska,” Krzemieniec, Poland, ■ Describe the role of the United States September 12, 1939 before and after joining World War II. Focus Question Which regions were attacked and occupied by the Axis powers, and what was life like under their occupation? Prepare to Read The Axis Advances Build Background Knowledge L3 Objectives Diplomacy and compromise had not satisfied the Axis powers’ Remind students that the German attack • Describe how the Axis powers came to control hunger for empire. -
The Siege of Leningrad (1941-1944)
War fronts The siege of Leningrad (1941-1944) François-Xavier NÉRARD ABSTRACT Lasting 900 days between September 1941 and January 1944, the siege of Leningrad claimed the lives of 800,000 of the city’s inhabitants, mainly through cold and hunger. The population of the city was subjected, moreover, to enemy fire and to ruthlessly strict control by the Soviet authorities. The memory of the suffering of Leningrad’s population was first celebrated, then stifled, and is only gradually re-emerging. Tanya Savicheva's Diary The siege of Leningrad by German and Finnish forces (as well as the soldiers of the Division Azul, Spanish volunteers) is a key episode in the Second World War on Soviet territory and saw the reappearance of a form of warfare that was thought to have died out in the nineteenth century. Although less present in narratives of the war in the West, the siege was a major traumatic event for the USSR and Russia. As a symbol of resistance and suffering, it differs from Stalingrad, a heroic victory that could be celebrated more easily. Of Leningrad’s 2.5 million inhabitants on the eve of the conflict, only 600,000 were still alive in the city when it was liberated by the Red Army on 27 January 1944, around one million having been evacuated before and during the siege. It is estimated today that 800,000 people died in the siege, mostly from cold and hunger. Leningrad, along with Moscow and Kiev, was one of the major objectives of the German offensive launched on 21 June 1941, but the city was not taken during the attack. -
East Prussia ‘14
Designer Notes: East Prussia ‘14 In the middle of August 1914, the world's attention was focused directly on the Western Front where German armies were sweeping into Belgium and France. On the Eastern Front however, the Russians were on the offensive into East Prussia, an important agricultural region of the Prussian homeland, and the gateway to Berlin. The Russians planned a two pronged invasion into East Prussia: one army approaching from the Niemen River to the east and one army approaching from the Narew River to the south, both aimed at outflanking German forces located therein, and the eventual capture of the strategic city of Königsberg. In their way stood a single German army, two resolute commanders, and a well developed rail network. By the time the campaign was over both Russian armies would be almost completely destroyed and thrown out of East Prussia and the campaign itself would go on to become one of the most studied and celebrated victories in warfare. Table of Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 5 The Belligerents ................................................................................................................. 7 The German Army .......................................................................................................... 7 Summary of Capabilities............................................................................................. 7 Organization ............................................................................................................... -
2018 • Vol. 2 • No. 2
THE JOURNAL OF REGIONAL HISTORY The world of the historian: ‘The 70th anniversary of Boris Petelin’ Online scientific journal 2018 Vol. 2 No. 2 Cherepovets 2018 Publication: 2018 Vol. 2 No. 2 JUNE. Issued four times a year. FOUNDER: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ‘Cherepovets State University’ The mass media registration certificate is issued by the Federal Service for Supervi- sion of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media (Roskomnadzor). Эл №ФС77-70013 dated 31.05.2017 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: O.Y. Solodyankina, Doctor of Historical Sciences (Cherepovets State University) DEPUTY EDITORS-IN-CHIEF: A.N. Egorov, Doctor of Historical Sciences (Cherepovets State University) E.A. Markov, Doctor of Political Sciences (Cherepovets State University) B.V. Petelin, Doctor of Historical Sciences (Cherepovets State University) A.L. Kuzminykh, Doctor of Historical Sciences (Vologda Institute of Law and Economics, Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia) EDITOR: N.G. MELNIKOVA COMPUTER DESIGN LAYOUT: M.N. AVDYUKHOVA EXECUTIVE EDITOR: N.A. TIKHOMIROVA (8202) 51-72-40 PROOFREADER (ENGLISH): N. KONEVA, PhD, MITI, DPSI, SFHEA (King’s College London, UK) Address of the publisher, editorial office and printing-office: 162600 Russia, Vologda region, Cherepovets, Prospekt Lunacharskogo, 5. OPEN PRICE ISSN 2587-8352 Online media 12 standard published sheets Publication: 15.06.2018 © Federal State Budgetary Educational 1 Format 60 84 /8. Institution of Higher Education Font style Times. ‘Cherepovets State University’, 2018 Contents Strelets М. B.V. Petelin: Scientist, educator and citizen ............................................ 4 RESEARCH Evdokimova Т. Walter Rathenau – a man ahead of time ............................................ 14 Ermakov A. ‘A blood czar of Franconia’: Gauleiter Julius Streicher ...................... -
2018 MS NHBB National Bowl Round 8
2018 NHBB Middle School National Bowl 2017-2018 Round 8 Round 8 First Quarter (1) This man argued that \history repeats itself, first as tragedy, then as farce" and he panned religion as the \opiate of the masses" in his critique of Hegel's philosophy. This man declared that a \spectre is haunting Europe" and argued that all capitalist societies would eventually fall in his most famous work, co-authored with Friedrich Engels. For ten points, name this author of the Communist Manifesto. ANSWER: Karl Marx (2) This humanitarian established a Missing Soldiers office in Gallery Place that was \lost" for over 100 years. The first international office of an organization founded by this woman was established in the aftermath of the Hamidian massacre. Benjamin Butler appointed this person as the \lady in charge" of the hospitals for the Army of the James. For ten points, name this nurse who founded the American Red Cross. ANSWER: Clara Barton (3) This dynasty legendarily began when Ku's wife stepped into a giant footprint left by Shangdi. This dynasty's government gradually became weaker during the Spring and Autumn period in its final years. It created the Mandate of Heaven to justify its rule, the longest of any Chinese dynasty. For ten points, name this dynasty that eventually fell apart at the start of the Warring States period. ANSWER: Zhou dynasty (4) This battle resulted in the suicide of Alexander Samsonov after the encirclement of the Second Army. Despite being fought near Allenstein, this battle was renamed to evoke the sense of avenging a 1410 defeat of the Teutonic Knights. -
Cittaslow Cities Varmia Masuria Powiśle
quality of life CITTASLOW CITIES VARMIA MASURIA POWIŚLE www.cittaslowpolska.pl Mamonowo Gronowo Grzechotki Bagrationowsk Braniewo RUS Żeleznodorożnyj Bezledy Gołdap Gołdap Zalew wiślany Górowo Iławeckie PODLASKIE Pieniężno Bartoszyce Węgorzewo ELBLĄG Korsze Lidzbark Orneta Warmiński Bisztynek Kętrzyn Giżycko Pasłęk Reszel Olecko POMORSKIE Dobre Miasto Jeziorany Ryn Morąg Biskupiec Mrągowo EŁK Orzysz Mikołajki Barczewo OLSZTYN Ostróda Olsztyn Pisz Ruciane-Nida Biała Piska Iława Olsztynek Warszawa Szczytno Lubawa Kolno Nowe Miasto Lubawskie MAZOWIECKIE KU AJ WS Nidzica K O-POMORSKIE Lidzbark Welski Brodnica Działdowo Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship OSTROŁ¢KA VARMIA MASURIA POWIŚLE MASURIA VARMIA CITTASLOW CITIES CITTASLOW www.cittaslowpolska.pl Olsztyn 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS INVITATION Invitation 3 There are many beautiful, vibrant tourist destinations in the Why Cittaslow? 4 world. There are, however, also many places where there are not so many tourists. In today’s big world, we are busy and restless, Attractions of Varmia, Masuria and Powiśle 6 chasing time to meet the most important needs. But there are, however, places where life seems to be calmer, where there is more Cittaslow Cities time for reflection. They are small towns located mostly away from main roads, away from big industry and sometimes from the surfeit Barczewo 10 of modernity. Today, when money makes our world go round, when work Biskupiec 15 takes most of our time, we often want to escape to an oasis of peace and tranquility, where life is slower. This is reflected in our Bisztynek 20 various actions: working in big cities – we want to live outside them, working on weekdays – we want to spend weekends close to Dobre Miasto 26 nature, working in noise – we want peace. -
Early Axis Gains - Blitzkrieg - German for "Lightning War" - 3 Stages: 1
March 10, 2008 THE GLOBAL CONFLICT: AXIS ADVANCES - Early Axis Gains - blitzkrieg - German for "lightning war" - 3 stages: 1. German bombers 2. tanks 3. infantry - within one month, Poland fell to Germany + USSR - Baltic states - Stalin's armies took over Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and part of Finland The "Phony War" - Britain, France waited behind the Maginot Line - no attack occurred - April 1940 - Norway + Denmark fell - April/May 1940 - Netherlands + Belgium fell Miracle at Dunkirk - May 1940 - Allied forces were trapped in France between Germans and the English Channel - 100s of British ships/boats came to rescue 300,000 troops across the Channel - this heroic rescue greatly raised British morale France Falls - Germany attacked from the north, Italy from the south - June 22, 1940 - Hitler forced from to surrender - Germany occupied the north, southern France became Vichy France (a puppet state that collaborated with the Nazis) Africa and the Balkans - Sept. 1940 - Italy attempted, failed to invade Egypt (British colony) - Germans sent in General Erwin Rommel (the "Desert Fox") - pushed the British back to Cairo, Egypt - British worried Germans would capture the Suez Canal - Oct. 1940 - Italian forces invaded Greece - 1941 - German forces provided provided reinforcements again - Greece + Yugoslavia added to Axis empire - Bulgaria and Hungary joined the Axis alliance The Battle of Britain and the Blitz - Aug. 12, 1940 - German bombers attacked England's southern coast - Royal Air Force (RAF) battled the German air force (Luftwaffe) -
University Microfilms International 300 N
INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy. -
Soldiers, Rabbis, and the Ostjuden Under German Occupation: 1915-1918
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2010 Shattered Communities: Soldiers, Rabbis, and the Ostjuden under German Occupation: 1915-1918 Tracey Hayes Norrell [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, European History Commons, History of Religion Commons, Military History Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Norrell, Tracey Hayes, "Shattered Communities: Soldiers, Rabbis, and the Ostjuden under German Occupation: 1915-1918. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2010. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/834 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Tracey Hayes Norrell entitled "Shattered Communities: Soldiers, Rabbis, and the Ostjuden under German Occupation: 1915-1918." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in History. Vejas G. Liulevicius, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend -
Udział 9 Dywizji Piechoty W Operacji Rzeczyckiej Wiosną 1920 Roku
49 WSCHODNI ROCZNIK HUMANISTYCZNY TOM XIV 2017 No 1 Paweł Borek (Biała Podlaska) Udział 9 Dywizji Piechoty w operacji rzeczyckiej wiosną 1920 roku Participation of the 9th Infantry Division in a Rzeczyca operation in the spring of 1920 Keywords: 9th Infantry Division, Polish-Soviet war, state security, defense, Polish Army Abstract: The article discusses the preparation and process of the military operation in the area of Rzeczyca in the spring of 1920 and participation in it the 9th Infantry Division. This military unit was the main striking force of the Grupa Poleska under the command of general Antoni Listowski (and then colonel Władysław Sikorski), forming the Poleski Front. After the battle with Germans under the village of Kobylany 6 February and the capture of Brześć on 9 February 1919, Grupa Poleska was moving further to the east fighting in meantime with the Red Army. After the capture of Pinsk (5 March) and Łuniniec (10 July 1919), the 9th Infan- try Division resumed warfare in March 1920, captured a very important transport junction in Polesie – the Mozyrz and Kalenkowicze town (5-6 March 1920). The 9 Infantry Division directly threatened to the Rzeczyca area, and its captured was threatened the Bolsheviks by cutting off the Dnieper river line and cutting off the Dnieper flotilla. In connection with the Polish offensive on Ukraine started on April 25, 1920, the 9th Infantry Division was orde- red to disarm the Soviet forces between Berezina, Dnieper and Pripyat rivers and reach the Dnepr river. After hard fighting with the enemy, on May 8, 1920, the city of Rzeczyca and the railway bridge on the Dnieper river were captured by the Poles, and this day was chosen for festival of the 34th Infantry Regiment.