n e w s , a n a l y s i s , o p i n i o n f o r t h e psychoanalytic c o m m u n i t y i s s u e 6 SUMMER 2011

The legacy Rethinking Economics Cinema: the of Carl Jung session and language frequency psychoanalysis of the 2 5 8 15 unconscious and researchers – were intently engaging within clinical practice. In an interview with the latest findings presented by with The Guardian in 2008, Hanna Segal leading world neuroscientists (Damasio, said: ‘for those of us who believe in some The hard Panksepp, Craig, Gallese) that together human values, it is terribly important powerfully point to a psychodynamic that we just keep this little fire burning. model of the mind. There was a palpable It is about trusting your judgement, and sense of excitement as the reality of this the power of love.’ choices that proposition began to take hold within the conference, and which will be developed Leo Rangell wrote: ‘The scientific attitude over the coming months – there is no of psychoanalysis is carried to the patient doubt a tipping point has been reached in by a caring human. The capacity to lie ahead this project. achieve the proper blend between the two is one of the most difficult but necessary Just before this, leading economists goals for training to impart.’ including the Governor of the Bank By Malcolm Allen of England joined with others in an They both too had a talent for writing enthralling discussion at the launch of perceptively on public affairs. Segal David Tuckett’s major new book Minding wrote passionately about nuclear war HE WAVE OF these decision-makers in favour of the Markets. Inside this issue, Tuckett (including her legendary 1985 essay psychotherapy service psychoanalytically-informed services. offers a summary of his ideas about ‘Silence is the real crime’), 9/11 and the closures and reorganisations how psychoanalytic insights can aid an invasion of Iraq. Rangell’s book on the that has been sweeping the Our best bet for significantly influencing understanding of how economies work. Watergate affair with his concept of the Tcountry, recently illustrated by The the present situation is through an ‘compromise of integrity’ has a particular Guardian’s portrayal of the plight of alliance with partner organisations, poignancy in the light of recent events in Camden Psychotherapy Unit (28 June), especially the mental health charities. ‘We can begin to the UK. He was a regular contributor to poses two stark questions. We are working with the We Need make out what the Huffington Post; his last piece on the to Talk Coalition, led by Mind, on a Tucson shooting, written 4 months before First, what, if anything, can now be proposal we have made to bring together a revitalised his death at 97, pays tribute to Obama’s done to limit the present damage? But information on the overall impact of psychoanalytic ‘cool’ (‘Not cold, but with his emotions then, just as importantly, what now service reorganisation and bring it to the controlled in public. Not completely.’). needs to be done to make sure that government’s attention. We believe that project starts to psychoanalytically-informed services can what is happening stands to undermine look like.’ At its best, psychoanalysis is the place survive and thrive in the future? its commitment in the recent mental health where objective and uncorrupted science, strategy, one that we all share, to building a humanity, creative insight and an ambition Kids Company’s No Bullshit conference The erosion of services has revealed the parity of esteem between mental health and for social justice meet. Are we ready for also reported on inside included major weakness of all the main psychotherapy physical health provision. the tough choices that are now needed to contributions from psychoanalytic and counselling professional bodies, ensure this unique human endeavour can practitioners. In these and other including the BPC, not just to resist the But what about the future? It is hard not hold its own in the years to come? initiatives, we can begin to make out what trend (a Herculean task), but even to to play here the sort of counterfactual a revitalised psychoanalytic project starts create some ripples around this issue. game so beloved by media historians. to look like, defined above all else by its The professional bodies are all equally Would we be facing the same level of Malcolm Allen is CEO of openness to engage with other disciplines. concerned about what has been happening; loss if the psychoanalytic community the BPC yet there has been a profound failure of had wholeheartedly embraced the value The last New Associations spoke of the collective action. The default instinct of outcome measures and evaluation urgent need for – tragically – has been to worry about thirty or forty years ago? What if we realignment to securing our own organisational positions had built up an incontestable body of begin to overcome first and the common cause second. scientific evidence that psychoanalytic the debilitating psychotherapy works? What if our fragmentation of But what has the BPC been doing? First, psychotherapy services had developed the psychoanalytic we are building as detailed a picture sophisticated outcome measures that community. as we can of the changes to service demonstrated our results were in line Discussions have provision, using a range of resources. with that scientific evidence? Might we progressed between We are working with the Royal College have been in a significantly stronger the BPC and the of Psychiatrists’ National Audit of position than we are now? Association of Child Psychological Therapies which will soon Psychotherapists provide the most detailed overview to The point here is not to indulge in self- (ACP) to this end and date on these services in the UK. regret for the failures of the past – though similar discussions are these need to be properly understood beginning with the We are also working with the Association – but to make sure that we now put in APP in the NHS. of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy in the place solid building blocks for the future NHS (APP in the NHS) on a survey – above all not to shrink from the hard In the last two to find out what is happening within choices that need to be made. months, we have lost such services. We will be mapping all two psychoanalytic this information against the emerging There are compelling reasons to retain a titans, Hanna Segal in the UK, and Leo commissioning structure in the NHS, positive outlook for psychoanalytically- Rangell in the US. They had important and identifying the key decision-makers informed work in the future. At the things in common apart from the for mental health and psychotherapy recent International Neuropsychoanalytic immense contributions they each made services within these structures. We Congress in Berlin over 400 people to the development of psychoanalytic will be developing over the coming – including large numbers of young thought. They both emphasised the equal months a focused strategy for influencing neuroscientists, clinical psychologists importance of science and humanity 2 NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1 NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1

The legacy of Jung

By Warren Colman, Helen Morgan and Jan Wiener

6 June marked the 50th anniversary of the death of Carl Gustav Jung example, unconscious communications conscious and unconscious effects two (1975-1961). To commemorate his legacy, three Jungian analysts, such as dreams might be understood as people have on one another. He knew registrants of the BPC and members of the IAAP, have written this ‘compensating’ for one-sided conscious in his bones about transference and collaborative piece. Besides their work as clinicians, each author holds attitudes, rather than being merely countertransference, the archetypal linking roles within the profession, and the following thoughts come from defensive compromise formations derived nature of unconscious processes alive their combined understanding of the legacy we have inherited, as well as from instinctual wishes. He anticipated between patient and analyst, the how it is perceived from outside the Jungian community. the modern view of dreams as indicating emotional impact of analysis and its the psychic state of the dreamer. He also potential for making meaning. As he says insisted on a more extensive view of the in an oft-quoted remark: libido than Freud’s. For two personalities to meet is like mixing two different chemical substances: HE JUNGIAN community, Jung’s interest in the collective aspects if there is any combination at all, both are both within the UK and of the unconscious meant he was drawn transformed… You can exert no influence internationally, is thriving beyond the limitations of the Western, if you are not susceptible to influence. and vibrant. Today there bourgeois frame of early twentieth- (Jung, C.G. (1929) Problems of Modern Tare over 3,000 Jungian analysts century European psychology towards Psychotherapy. Collected Works Vol. 16. throughout the world and 53 societies who other disciplines and other cultures and London: Routledge, para 163). are members of the International systems of belief. His range of interests Association of Analytical Psychology was astonishingly broad, and he drew on (IAAP). Jung’s original ideas continue to many different disciplines in formulating ‘Jung’s openness be developed and expanded to form a his theories – anthropology, philosophy, remains of central robust, lively and growing tradition of sociology, theology, mythology and theoretical and clinical concepts. comparative religion, physics and biology. value as a legacy He tended to use these as part of his own for modern-day Despite this, Jung remains ignored and creative palette so was not always accurate unattributed within post-Freudian and – indeed, his writing can sometimes seem Jungians.’ post-Kleinian thinking. Rarely, if at all, muddled and contradictory. Nevertheless, does Jung himself or other post-Jungian Jung’s contradictions are always Jung’s legacy provides an arena for writers appear on the reading lists of interesting, and have often proved to be continuing thought and research, psychoanalytic training; although the a stimulus to the creativity of those who as evidenced in the continuing flow Journal of Analytical Psychology in 2009 followed him: working at the unresolved of scholarly papers in the Journal of became the first Jungian journal to be difficulties in his thinking opens up new Analytical Psychology. This range of included on PEP-Web. Besides noting avenues. Many of the issues he struggled interest also influences Jungian clinical that this absence is rather extraordinary, with touch on the great unsolved (and practice: Jung maintained that the Warren Colman we believe that this has been, and probably insoluble) problems of science, fundamental problems for many patients continues to be, a considerable loss for religion and philosophy such as the nature are religious ones (in the broad sense), psychoanalysis. Jung’s thinking on the of the self, the existence of God, the so Jungian analysts are often willing to analytic relationship and his openness relation between mind and matter, nature engage more directly with existential to influences outside of the analytic and nurture and the relation between the issues of meaning and purpose and do community are of considerable value and individual and the collective, conceived in recognise the importance of spiritual anticipated many developments within both biological and sociological terms. experience in people’s lives. psychoanalytic work. His openness remains of central value Over the past decade or so, many of During his years working as a psychiatrist as a legacy for modern-day Jungians. Jung’s fundamental concepts such as Helen Morgan with Bleuler at the Bürgholzli Psychiatric Like all traditions, this contains within archetypes have undergone a major re- Hospital in Zurich, Jung developed his it its own shadow and can, at its worst, evaluation. The common thread of this theory of complexes which he applied lead to trainings with loose boundaries work is the reformulation of archetype in his study of the psychogenesis of and undisciplined ways of thinking. theory in terms of emergence, influenced dementia praecox (later to be called However, at its best, it can facilitate by current scientific developments schizophrenia), to show how delusional the development and encouragement of involving the study of complex non- formations had an underlying reasoning clinicians who are able to hold and work linear systems having properties of that could be understood. Whilst with the material of the repressed, malign spontaneous self-organisation. Archetypes strongly influenced by his relationship and defensive aspects of the psyche as are now understood not as pre-existing with Freud, his experience of working they appear in the transference, as well ‘blueprints’ but as spontaneously Jan Wiener directly with psychotic patients and his as allowing the expression of the creative emerging regularities of affective own personal explorations led him to psyche and the individuation of the self. relationships and phases of psychological the conviction that the psyche, as well as development. Linked to this is a growing including repressed personal material, Jung realised the central importance interest in developmental psychology, also included the unrepressed or collective of the analytic relationship and the attachment theory and relevant trends in unconscious of what was not yet known. significance of the transference as neuroscience such as mirror neurons and This led him to develop a teleological the precursor of something that is the functioning of the ‘default network’. approach to the unconscious, valuing about to become conscious. He had a meaning and purpose over causality. For sharp, intuitive understanding of the NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1 3

Jung’s spirit of openness and Several members of the SAP and BAP, span at least two worlds and speak at least Warren Colman is a training analyst adventurousness has also provided the along with some from other Jungian two languages: one world is that offered of the Society of Analytical Psychology seedbed for new developments within societies in London, have been privileged by object relations theory, with its unique and the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of the international Jungian community. for the past fifteen years to teach, insights into intrapsychic processes, and Analytical Psychology. The IAAP has been keen to offer supervise and provide shuttle analysis the use of reductive analysis; the other, professional and financial support to to analytic trainees (‘routers’) in St. Jung’s more intersubjective perspective, Helen Morgan is a training analyst of the doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists and Petersburg and Moscow. The project with its teleological view of unconscious Jungian Analytic section of the British other professionals with an interest in recently came to an end with more processes within a potentially creative Association of Psychotherapists, a past chair Jungian and post-Jungian thought but than thirty qualified analysts in Russia, psyche. of the BAP and current chair of the BPC who live in cities or countries where there and a newly established society of their Future Strategies Working Group. are no qualified analysts, and no long- own. Only now can a process of careful standing societies with well worked out evaluation begin to assess whether or ‘Jungians within Jan Wiener is a training analyst of the programmes of training. The challenge not this project has been successful, and the BPC span at Society of Analytical Psychology and the for the IAAP, in offering culturally whether the belief systems underlying our British Association of Psychotherapists. relevant and flexible teaching and own models of training are sufficiently least two worlds She is Vice President of the International training programmes where qualified adaptable to different cultures. This is and speak at least Association of Analytical Psychology. analysts travel to these regions to teach, work in progress, and hopefully other SAP supervise and offer ‘shuttle’ analysis, has and BAP members working in countries two languages.’ been substantial. However, interest in such as Poland, Estonia, Serbia, Slovenia these projects within existing Jungian and the Czech Republic will contribute Living in two worlds is not easy and, as Selected papers by the authors societies has been considerable and, to an ongoing process of evaluation from is always the case with interpretation, because of this, the number of projects in their own experiences and those of their there is a danger that something is lost Colman, W. (2010). The analyst in action: an individual account of what Jungians do and why they place has grown rapidly. candidates. in translation. However, by staying do it. Int Jnl of Psychoanalysis, 91:287–303 bi-lingual and holding the tension of Morgan, H. (2010) Frozen Harmonies: Petrified From small beginnings there are now Endpoint the opposites, there is the possibility of Places in the Analytic Field. British Journal of 22 Developing Groups in Analytical As with psychoanalysis, Jung’s ‘analytical finding and playing in the spaces between Psychotherapy, 26. 1: 33-49 Psychology around the world, including psychology’ has evolved into several thoughts and images held within a Wiener, J. (2009) The Therapeutic Relationship: Russia, Kazakhstan, Bulgaria, Estonia, different approaches. For some decades vivid and living repertoire of theoretical Transference, Countertransference and the Making of Meaning. Texas A and M University Press Poland, China, India and areas of South now, the SAP and the Jungian Section concepts America. Some individuals within of the BAP have been at the forefront these Developing Groups have sought of what is generally known as the opportunities for a full individual ‘Developmental School’. Following the IAAP clinical training within their pioneering work of Michael Fordham, own cultures, leading to international there is a commitment to clinical and recognition as a Jungian analyst. The theoretical investigation of infantile IAAP has responded to this need by mental states as they affect both setting up an Education Committee development and failures to symbolise. with formal structures and training This work has led to a rapprochement requirements so that suitably qualified with psychoanalysis and, partly because individuals can train to an internationally this has been a rather one-sided affair, recognised level on what has come to be it means that Jungians within the BPC known as the ‘router programme’. Subscribe to New Associations

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be learnt and flourish is paramount • protection from unreasonable levels to support the development of specific of impingement: to protect against PIPES and psychological treatment interventions that prolonged or high levels of anxiety will come from a sustained research into beyond the capacity of the individual effectiveness. to manage. • facilitation of the capacity for personality One example to test this hypothesis is reflection: thinking and action as the development in criminal justice opposed to feeling and reaction. settings of an environmental model of disorder living, management and care known • living arrangements and activities: as Psychologically Informed Planned that are supportive of individual Environments – PIPES. Related directly wellbeing and pro-social living. By Nick Benefield to Donald Winnicott’s conceptualisation • Non-institutional structures and of the ‘good enough’, these enabling and expectations: to support thinking and facilitating environments aim to support emotional management in patients/ emotional and character development. ERSONALITY difficulties, 1. Personality Disorder as a diagnosis offenders and the staff groups. Whilst not treatments in themselves, they their developmental nature, is troubled and troublesome. For many, provide support to sustain and reinforce • a setting in which actions are and their often pervasive the arrival at a diagnosis is seen as a the insight and learning gained from informed by conscious psychological and enduring impact are at solution in itself. In reality, a diagnosis specific treatment interventions. thought in planning and acting theP heart of the different but closely of PD offers only a starting point and in the environment: thereby related tasks of mental health, social care, even then can create a straitjacket to The hypothesis that underpins the establishing ‘smoother’ management of substance misuse and criminal justice formulation and a treatment/intervention. concept of a PIPE is: psychological/emotional life. services. The relationship between An intervention plan, based on a well- If the environment through which professional intervention and lives in researched life narrative, contextualised • support for challenge to any lack of offenders/patients progress is considered crisis will always be complex and often to the environment, is essential for ‘fit’ between contextual realities and holistically as a setting in which problematic. Political vision, policy effective engagement with those with therapeutic need: to support reality organisation, behaviour, decisions, actions formulation and practice development poor experience of help. testing and acknowledgement of the and culture can be informed and planned have not always achieved a coherent limitations of institutional living. on the basis of psychological thinking, approach to the relationship between the it will create better social conditions for • conscious, active and authoritative presenting problem and the dynamic ‘Personality relating and will improve psychosocial leadership: to protect the boundary nature of psychosocial life. There is disorder as a outcomes by supporting post-treatment from the disruptive impingement of the nothing new in this – I suspect it will interventions. It will support intra- conditions for psychological thinking. always be thus as, in seeking answers to diagnosis is psychic stability, and emotional and social complex problems, we are confronting the troubled and development. Whilst these environmental conditions unending desire for uncomplicated . are comprehensive, only a ‘good solutions. However, there is common cause troublesome.’ Psychologically Informed enough’ situation is required to create here, shared between psychotherapeutic Requires that the training, skills and the experience that the environment work and political objectives, to improve 2. Lack of therapeutic optimism experience of staff groups, and their (relationship with staff and the setting) outcomes for individuals that pose a represents the legacy of medical way of thinking about the meaning of is facilitative and enabling rather than challenge to supportive intervention. This psychiatry and historical prejudice behaviour and relationships, is focused on lacking in emotional understanding, or is is particularly the case in offender towards those diagnosed with PD. It also understanding of the interactive nature of being actively destructive. In effect, what populations where the prevalence of reflects that many professional groups emotional and psychological life in which is sought is a sense of good enough ‘fit’ personality disorder (PD) is high. working in this field are not adequately the individual, the other person, and the between the person and their world. trained, experienced and supported to group all play a part. Attention to all The National Personality Disorder work effectively and safely with complex aspects of relational exchange is crucial. Programme (DSPD) began with a focus psychological disorders of this nature. ‘These on the most severe and complex end of Planned Environment the spectrum of personality difficulties 3. Evidence on efficacy remains elusive environments ‘The environment’ includes all the – those offenders who pose the highest and incomplete. The level of good quality external conditions, covering both aim to support risk of harm to others. The programme international evidence is just too weak individual and social relations, which was an initiative to begin the difficult and the need for stronger evidence must emotional we are required to adapt to or manage. task of mobilising practice and research be seen as a long term goal. This can be more or less supportive and character expertise to answer the question, ‘What of positive emotional management of might we do different or better to improve 4. The primacy of relational working development.’ ourselves and others. In the context of the psychological health of offenders, is still seen as too messy and imprecise institutional or group life we can plan and protect the public from those whose an input in a world of tightening There is nothing new here other than how the environment operates so that it risk can be functionally linked to their specification and a pressure to do the mobilisation and location of the right facilitates learning and growth, rather personality disorder?’ only what can be counted. Like skill in the right place. With public sector than reinforces emotionally destructive Foster Wallace’s ‘water’ anecdote, the financial pressures, the criminal justice behaviours. There was no strong evidence to guide significance of the environment in this system is under particular economic interventions for those with the most context is often not recognised. constraint. The role the NHS can have in In the context of a pathway of treatment complex needs to reduce risk and improve supporting these vital areas of work needs and rehabilitation, enabling environments public protection. The approach taken This final point, to recognise that the a shared strategy by health and criminal will provide the following features: was to use the best available knowledge to dynamic nature of relational work as justice services to provide the conditions encourage a range of psychological models environment is at the heart of a common • consistent and reliable relationships: necessary for individual and social and novel and innovative programmes of cause shared by psychotherapy, social, to support the principle of secure change. The essential role psychotherapy investigation into what works. Treatment health and criminal justice care. It has attachment in people for whom this must play in developing and supporting of this population, primarily men but simply been ignored for too long. To ‘do capacity is generally fragile. these conditions is now more important also a small cohort of women, has proved environment better’ must now take centre than ever • support for managing the appropriate challenging, and whilst it has produced stage. The quality of inter-relational development of psychosocial skills: to much practical learning there is as yet no work needed is inseparably linked to the sustain new consciousness of emotional substantively clearer evidence. In terms professional capability of the practitioner, Nick Benefield is Head of National and cognitive learning. of the complex nature of the problems their personal attributes and life Personality Disorder Programme, Care involved this should be no surprise. experience. • reflective interactions and responses: Pathways Branch, Mental Health Division, to enable the emotional and in the Social Care, Local Government Four major issues remain central to the Establishing environments (settings) psychological processing of experience. and Care Partnerships Directorate of the next phase of development. where the psychological can be modelled, Department of Health NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1 5

Trying to pull this together, I said: ‘So in conventional analysis, thereby still cannabis is a “pocket parent”, tiding you ‘dreaming the session’. Frequency over the absences throughout your life, including now,’ adding: ‘you know that Thus, despite an unconventional if you were in “proper” psychoanalysis arrangement, psychoanalytic culture you would be coming five times a week. is maintained. It suggests too that of sessions: I wonder what that would feel like?’ sufficient frequency does indeed have a Adam replied with the hope that when theoretical basis in that it brings loss, and his wife had the baby she would in time rupture and repair, within the ‘area of an arbitrary have a new focus, freeing him, once they omnipotence’. had settled into their new life pattern, to pursue his work as a musician; and that Conclusion the gaps between sessions, while difficult Innovative approaches to delivering criterion? at times, also gave him a sense of resilient psychoanalytically informed therapy are independence. major issues for organisations such as BPC. Skype supervision and therapy, and/ By Jeremy Holmes Reaction-formation to the trauma of his or ‘shuttle analysis’, are the rule where mother’s too-frequent pregnancies were analytic expertise is in short supply, and clear in this glass-half-full response, where geography or level of economic as was his yearning for but fear of development require it. HEN IT COMES to conversation immediately more focused intimacy. Nevertheless this vignette frequency, the and collaborative. underlines how it is not so much the I have suggested: (a) that there can be standard concrete arrangements of therapy (session therapeutic congruence between ‘low classification, and Fortnightly frequency) that matters, as their psychic intensity’ therapy and client need, and, Wwith it professional psychoanalytic status, I was reminded of this in the following meaning; that resilience is to be valued if appropriately interpreted this can be runs as follows: fictionalised clinical example. as well as regression; and that, as with mutative, not necessarily collusive or • 4+ sessions a week: psychoanalysis a ‘rest’ in music, absence may be as second-best; (b) a double session at weekly (gold standard) Adam had been admitted to hospital important to the therapeutic process as or fortnightly intervals can efficiently • 3 sessions a week: psychoanalytic several times with cannabis-induced the sessions themselves. replicate some of the intrinsic as opposed psychotherapy (‘good-enough’) psychosis. An impecunious session to arbitrary features of more intense • 1-2 sessions per week: psychodynamic musician, he could afford no more than The double session psychoanalytic therapy. psychotherapy (‘low intensity’ 1) fortnightly sessions, and negotiated time- This leads to a practice I have recently limited therapy of 50 sessions spread developed: the double session. In my Classifications ideally should, as Plato put over two years. After a year of treatment semi-retired state, I see clients on only Jeremy Holmes, MD is a BAP member, it, ‘cut nature at the joints’. Those that things were going well: he had married one day per week. Many come from and Visiting Professor of Psychotherapy don’t have their uses, but are essentially his partner, and they were excitedly far away and in my rural area public at the University of Exeter. His latest arbitrary and may reflect vested interests expecting their first child. Adam transport is non-existent. Four hours’ book is Exploring In Security: Towards rather than fundamental differences. remained however also wedded to his driving for a 50 minute session is a big an Attachment-informed Psychoanalytic The key features of psychoanalysis cannabis, but had moved from oscillating investment of time and fuel. I have Psychotherapy (Routledge 2009). remain contested (Tuckett 2011), but between abstinence and binges, to seeing therefore experimented with offering most would agree that they include that low-level regular use was probably these distant clients two back-to-back working with transference and making his most realistic hope, thereby liberating sessions, weekly or fortnightly, punctuated 1. Note that in body-derived metaphors, ‘low’ interpretations rather than suggestions himself from a simplistic equation of typically denotes inferiority, ‘high’ superiority; but by a ten-minute interval. At first I was note too that if to be depressed is to be ’low’ in and encouragement. In psychoanalysis, abstinence with ‘good’, and smoking with worried that we would run out of things mood, the Kleinian ‘depressive position’ as a mark frequency of sessions is therefore an ‘evil’. During one session, he spoke of of psychological health runs counter to this. to talk about, and that client and/or I arbitrary criterion in that there is nothing how he, his brothers and their friends, would become fatigued. In fact it appears intrinsic to frequency that makes it other sons of servicemen fathers, were all References to work well. There is less feeling of rush quintessentially ‘psychoanalytic’. Five cannabis-smokers, and how he had gained than is sometimes the case with once- Tuckett, D. (2011) Inside and outside the window: times a week therapies may function comfort from knowing there was always weekly meetings. The pause after session some fundamental elements in the theory of mainly as supportive, while once- resin in his pocket should he need it. psychoanalytic technique. Int J Psychoanal. 13 JUN one enables client and therapist to retreat 2011 weekly therapy can be transferential, into themselves for a moment, and fosters interpretive, and ‘mutative’. In complex As he spoke I found myself unaccountably Leichsenring, F. & Rabung, S. (2011) Long-term a reflexive, mentalising perspective. In psychodynamic psychotherapy in complex mental cases, duration of therapy correlates with thinking about what it would be session two we can think about what was disorders: update of a meta-analysis. British better outcomes than briefer therapies, like to work five times a week with Journal of Psychiatry 199 15-22. talked about in the previous hour, just but this reflects length of therapy over Adam. Following the principle that as one might with previous day’s session time, not session frequency (Leichsenring free associative thoughts that arise & Rabung 2011). in therapists’ minds should be put to interpretative use, I An argument and its resolution linked this thought During the course of a heated discussion with (a) Adam’s ‘absent’ with a group of metropolitan-based parents in childhood psychoanalysts about session frequency, (the eldest of five I vigorously defended the above views, children, at 15 months arguing that what counted as ‘high’ he had ‘lost’ his mother or ‘low’ intensity depended on how when the next baby frequency is calibrated, and that in arrived, while his psychoanalytically-deprived areas money- father, like other service shortage and distance mean that twice fathers, was away for weekly can seem like a great deal. One long stretches); (b) a interlocutor then felicitously moved the recent break (leaving debate on from fractious rivalry with a month’s gap between the suggestion that a differentiating sessions); and (c) the feature of low intensity therapy is the impending birth which greater salience of loss, and that this may meant that Adam was present special difficulties for both client about to ‘lose’ exclusive and analyst. A theoretical rather than closeness with his wife. an arbitrary aspect of session frequency had come to the fore, making the 6 NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1 NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1

Where love and science meet

By Janice Cormie

Children’s charity Kids Company hosted an intriguing conference, ‘No Bullshit: What Still Matters to Every Child’, on 28 June.

HE CHARISMATIC and Studies suggest that maltreatment leads attachment, which risks the worst the energy and potential of young people; always colourful Camila to a series of neurocognitive changes developmental outcomes. He suggested a theme vigorously and movingly explored Batmanghelidjh issued a that are adaptive in the short term, but two possible intervention strategies: the in a performance by Chickenshed Theatre. call to arms to the are ultimately maladaptive, increasing psychotherapeutic model, which would ‘Crime of the Century’, inspired by assembledT care workers, teachers and the risk of later mental health problems. involve working with parents’ attachment the real-life murder of a child in 2008, child therapists. Poverty and maltreatment Also, biological differences mean that histories and with the relationship (e.g. portrayed the circumstances around of children, she said, are due to a lack of different children will respond in parent-infant psychotherapy); and using adolescents’ descent into youth gangs and imagination. Politicians are not malicious; different ways. There are no particular supportive networks, home visiting, and knife crime. they simply don’t think about vulnerable genes for mental health disorders, but sensitivity-based interventions such as children. And it is important for everyone there are genetic variants. Consider the video feedback. In any case, Fearon said, It was a hard act for the Tavistock’s to work together – a recurring theme in serotonin transporter gene, associated early intervention is vital to improve the Frank Lowe to follow, but he brought the the psychotherapy field, we atNew with depression. In combination with a quality of attachments. audience’s attention back to the legacy Associations are finding, and one reflected risk environment of maltreatment, a ‘risk of maltreatment in adult life. Children her declaration that ‘the work of love and genotype’ leads to a greater likelihood do not simply grow out of maltreatment, the work of science are about to meet.’ of developing depression symptoms. (On ‘An exciting he reminded us. The degree of its impact a more optimistic note, it has also been period informed on adult life is influenced by protective The first of the impressive roster of found that regular contact with a trusted factors, such as good-enough care, secure speakers to take up this challenge was Ian adult moderates this effect.) So Tom by neuroscience.’ attachment, even class. But the legacy Goodyer (Cambridge), who predicted that may have carried the genetic variants of maltreatment is more common than the structure and function of the mind (polymorphisms) that put him at greater The Tavistock’s Alessandra Lemma is assumed. Defence mechanisms may will be revealed within the next twenty risk of a poor outcome ended the scientific part of the morning, emerge only later in life; it can produce years, altering the paradigm of how we dealing with mentalizing trauma. She self-sabotage or relationship problems; and think about the psychology of mind. McCrory also sketched out findings that recommended bringing a psychoanalytic the legacy may persist across generations. Goodyear, part of the mental health and abused children more readily recognise perspective to any work which entails Maltreatment by primary carers during neuroscience network (Cambridge and angry faces, and become hypervigilant – a being in a relationship with someone the early years leads to an impaired sense UCL), compressed several years’ worth constant scanning for threats that diverts needing help. A trauma, she said, is of autonomy, a stultified development of findings on the neurobiology of mood brain resources from other areas, such as an attack on our attachments; it is of self, and of cognitive, emotional and antisocial behaviour in adolescents being able to concentrate on tasks. Other experienced as a breach in the quality and relationship capacities. Lowe’s case into form suitable for an audience doing studies point to structural differences in and felt security of them. Trauma also examples illustrated the frustrations its best to wrap its collective and partly specific areas of the brain in women who undermines the psychically integrating and difficulties for clinicians in working non-scientific head around this wealth of have experienced sexual abuse, depending function of narrative, with a breakdown through trauma with their patient, and information. on the age at which abuse occurred. in the capacity to reflect on and represent he emphasised the importance of giving lived experience. them personal and professional support. After a brief look at the psychopathology He added that more work needs to be of violence, he described the neural done on resilience and recovery. Future She offered some suggestions for working The rest of the day was packed with maturation gap, the period during research, he hopes, will help identify with sufferers of trauma, including personal stories and breakout sessions adolescence during which the frontal neural markers of resilience. placing less emphasis on techniques and covering aggression, resistance to brain development has yet to catch up more on the way of thinking about the learning, and problems of trust. After with the limbic system – the period when therapeutic process and the therapist’s several heartfelt numbers by singer- most mental illnesses are seen to emerge. ‘More work needs stance; adopting a mentalizing stance, songwriter Judith Owen, someone who Other recent work on functional brain to be done on focusing on the patient’s mind rather has successfully turned her depression networks uses computation models to map than on the event; developing a narrative into creativity, Camila resumed the changes in brain networks, for instance in resilience and about the trauma, giving it conscious podium. She closed the day with the adolescents diagnosed with schizophrenia. recovery.’ and unconscious meanings; and working acknowledgement that the basic act of with the past in the present, helping the respect and care for the patient is the gift Eamon McCrory, of UCL and the Anna patient develop a perspective on the past that practitioners have: their compassionate Pasco Fearon, also from UCL, reported Freud Centre, followed up with a quick by resolving current experience. witnessing presence. They communicate on the collaboration with Kids Company, look at neurobiology and the genetics of to the child that their ‘credit rating’ which now has its own neuroscience lab childhood maltreatment. He brought the The audience members were then handed (‘respect’) is not in the balance. The on the premises. He confessed to a sense case of ‘Tom’, one of two brothers sharing a West African drum each, and led vision, Camila said, is of a community of being on the cusp of ‘an exciting period a background of parental substance abuse, through a revivifying lesson in bass and of carers to restore respect and dignity, informed by neuroscience’. Researchers domestic violence, and foster placements. tone drum techniques which put a new not only through caring, but through are beginning now to map out Tom had developed conduct disorder spin on the concept of ‘working through’. demanding political change attachment in these terms. He outlined in adolescence, whilst his brother had The effect on 300 or so social workers and the different patterns of attachment managed a more normal life trajectory. therapists of sustained drumming more (secure, avoidant, resistant, disorganised, How do environmental factors influence or less in sync gave physical expression to Janice Cormie, the BPC’s head of services, disinhibited) and highlighted disorganised genetics and neurocognitive factors? the sense, pervading the conference, of is not normally known for drumming. NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1 7

to Routledge in 1994. By 1995, the We have to justify our service activity Association had moved to its present and increase our face-to-face contacts. Building a child location in West Heath Road, London, and Where is the culture of meaningful employed a full-time secretary. emotional contact with the people we see? The pressures we are under work against Child psychotherapy creating relationships that have some psychotherapy Individual long-term or intensive work is depth of understanding and meaning, only a tiny fraction of the work load of the and can be seen as being in the service of modern child psychotherapist in a CAMHS defensive practice against risk. team. We also apply our framework of community thinking to work with parents, families and Within our clinics we take on the cases carers and to training and supporting other that no-one else wants – those who have professionals who work with children, exhausted everyone else – but we are By Beverley Tydeman young people, parents and families to tasked with containing those hard cases ensure a deeper understanding of the that leave a residue within any worker child’s perspective. who has the courage to work in-depth, making emotional contact with real OST OF THE Foundation Trust. Training used to be In our relationship-based work, when mental anguish, vulnerability, sadness, psychotherapy and offered by the Anna Freud Centre but there is more than one person in the despair – intolerable states of mind that counselling their last graduates completed their room, the configuration of treatment our Big Society disowns. Why? Because professional bodies, training around 2009. includes interventions that will best serve it prefers a happiness and well-being whoM had been preparing for statutory the children’s mental health – a goal that agenda, where any family difficulty can regulation with the Health Professions The ACP supports academic and involves a constant effort to balance the be quickly assessed and ‘signposted’ to six Council (HPC), are now thinking about professional development through its parent’s and the children’s needs, because sessions – that should do it! the way forward, given that this national annual conference, scientific programme, parents cannot listen to their child when framework for regulation has been shelved. journal, bulletin/website, special interest they themselves feel in urgent need of Future strategy groups, and research committee, providing being listened to. In the face of this, as a profession whose As Chair of the Association of Child various forums for members to join future feels under threat, we are turning Psychotherapists (ACP) for the last three and meet and exchange ideas. This also to other professional bodies with like- years, the experience of working with the involves a network of regional advisors, so ‘Our Big Society minded views. What we recognise is that other professional bodies towards HPC that members across the country can get prefers a there is a lot of work to do in redefining regulation has led me to think about how, together locally to feel linked up. More ourselves and presenting what we do in as a small profession of 858 members, we recently, we have been thinking about happiness and ways that truly reflect our breadth and can best position ourselves in the current how we project our image in the modern well-being depth of training and our core values. landscape of child and adolescent mental mental health world and communicate health, as well as in relation to other with those we need to influence. agenda.’ We have not been active enough in psychotherapy bodies. It seems to me at developing our public relations, having this point that the ACP cannot operate in Some brief history Child psychotherapists also offer more public events and linking up with isolation and we need to link up, During the 1920s, Melanie Klein and school and hospital-based assessment other bodies through joint conferences. primarily, in order to deal with Anna Freud began to explore how Freud’s and therapeutic services, including As well as forging a link with other representation to government. discoveries with adult patients could be within neo-natal units, or child neuro- psychoanalytic bodies, we need to develop extended to help troubled children and developmental teams. A more recent a ‘child psychotherapy community’ with Our aim seems to follow one of the promote their development. Around the area of specialist work is assessments others trained specifically in working with strategies that the BPC has in mind, same time, the child guidance movement for the family courts, usually seen as the children and adolescents, and we continue i.e. to become an umbrella organisation was gaining ground in the UK, although territory of child psychiatry or psychology, our dialogue with the Child Faculty of that represents all psychoanalytically there was no specific child-focused training but now increasingly including child the UKCP. As a small profession there is trained professionals. We have been for the professionals doing this work. psychotherapists who are proficient in a limit to the energy and resources of our in preliminary talks about a closer assessing the interactions and attachment members who give their time, most often association with the BPC, and at this point The Provisional Association of Child relationships between infants, children after the day job, working well into the it may be helpful to give some background Psychotherapists (Non-Medical) was and their parents. night and over weekends. to our organisation. created in 1949, and in 1951 it became the Association of Child Psychotherapists, Reality matters A new, closer association with the BPC As a regulatory body our principal aims with non-medical being later dropped Many of us are worried about cost makes a lot of sense, particularly as far as are to monitor, develop and protect in 1972. A new profession had been improvements and service redesign in the representation to government is concerned. training standards; maintain standards established, with its own professional body, NHS, where in several localities around At our recent AGM our members were and ethics within the profession; maintain training council and rules, providing an the country CAMHS services have had overwhelmingly in favour of exploring the continuing professional and clinical organisational umbrella for the different their funding cut and jobs, particularly this further. However, it is complicated, in development of our members; increase training schools. when senior people retire or resign, are that we are ourselves a long-standing self- children and young people’s access to deleted. We are also concerned about regulating body, hence, not like the other psychotherapy within public services, In 1974, professions allied to medicine the funding budget for training child member institutions of the BPC. particularly the NHS, schools, hospitals, were offered the choice of joining the psychotherapists, and are expecting the the third sector, as well as independent NHS or the education services. The ACP trend of some decline in the number of We are not ‘up for’ any kind of ‘merger’ practice; and inform the public and chose the NHS. In the mid-1990s, child funded posts for trainees to continue. or merely becoming a child section other professions about the role of child and adolescent psychotherapists were member. We need to maintain our own psychotherapy in child and adolescent recognised as core members of Child This leaves our profession very concerned regulatory function and ‘brand’ and find a mental health. and Adolescent Mental Health Services about its future in public service, given the way of possibly sharing some overlapping (CAMHS). current drive for throughput, outcomes functions, such as CPD procedures, shared The ACP Training Council sets standards and reducing costs by commissioning conferences, EFPP membership. for the professional training through In its early days the ACP could best have workers offering children’s IAPT. Those quality enhancement and accreditation been described a family organisation, who work alongside us know that we are We have the mandate from our members of the different training schools: the with many members knowing each not one-trick ponies, that we are solidly to take this further and will need to use Birmingham Trust for Psychoanalytic other by sight if not personally, and reliable, courageous colleagues, who our creativity to find some organisational Psychotherapy, the British Association of the ACP secretary working from home. are research-orientated, but not overly means of accommodating our joint aims Psychotherapists, the Northern School of The Bulletin first appeared in published impressed with purely NICE-approved Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy, the form in May 1991, while the Journal treatment approaches. Scottish Institute of Human Relations, of Child Psychotherapy, started in 1963 Beverley Tydeman is Chair of the ACP and the Tavistock and Portman NHS and produced in-house, was moved www.childpsychotherapy.org.uk 8 NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1 NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1

Minding the markets

By David Tuckett

Can psychoanalysis, as an interdisciplinary science, help to produce understanding and better policy to create a more sustainable financial system and, if so, which ideas are useful?

HE CATASTROPHIC assets, which means markets in them are financial events of 2008 and in at least three respects very different to their ongoing consequences those for other goods and services: they have a very interesting, challenging buying stock in a company I called My will be felt for years and and inherently emotionally conflicting Utility. Its dynamic management team Tyears. Greed, corruption, trade 1. Their value is uncertain, changing and job. There are very rarely any obvious had acquired other companies and was imbalances and regulatory mistakes are inherently volatile. This fact engages twin answers, and every time they think they considered by Monroe to have exceptional all frequently cited as causes. But they do emotions in all those who form what is a are at an information advantage it could ability. His theory about the facts at not create behaviour on their own. Rather, dependent relationship to assets – those of turn out they are at a disadvantage. his disposal was that although the way at the heart of the crisis was a failure to great potential excitement about gain and Conflicts – and specifically those between their accounts were presented had some understand and organise markets in a way anxiety about loss. the risk of reward and the risk of loss and complications which were hard to see that adequately controls the human ambivalence about trusting others – are through, this new management would cut behaviour financial trading unleashes. 2. They are abstract entities and working endemic and urgent. The implications costs and made the acquisitions work. If What happened in 2008 and the period out their value depends on future of all this for thinking about financial true, his calculations suggested the stock before required many judgements made expectations and assumptions. This fact markets are, I believe, far-reaching. was under-priced: ‘There was a valuation by many human beings who were subject means that there are significant limits to discrepancy between this company and to human psychology. how far it is possible to value assets and to most of the other peers because the respond to news and price changes simply ‘There is business model was a little bit different.’ The understanding we have developed by calculation of subjective probabilities. They had a training business and a small about unconscious phantasy, the states of Emotions and judgments (guesses about continual anxiety marketing business, which some investors mind I call divided and integrated (but the future) are involved at every turn. in the agency judged might be more volatile, and which in the psychoanalytical literature Price change also tends to function as a therefore less predictable and therefore are those of the depressive and paranoid- signal of ‘something uncertain happening’, relationships deserving of a lower multiple. ‘My schizoid positions) mourning and working generating distrust and the suspicion between argument was this management team was through as well as the ideas about group that others might know more. Distrust is very good’ and that once they had brought thinking that Bion captured with his marked given the inherent information managers and in changes the shares would rise along notion of a basic assumption group, if asymmetries involved. their clients.’ with future expectations. elaborated and substantiated in a rigorous way, have an enormously important and 3. Performance in trading them is hard In the decision-making context In fact, on close inspection we can see exciting potential. to evaluate. When was success skill, and professional investors find themselves, that nearly all the various agents in the when was it luck? What behaviour gets it is rarely obvious what they should do. market are telling stories to themselves As an illustration, I conducted an rewarded? What does not? These facts The standard economic mantra, that and others – to manage the meaning and interview study with 52 money managers mean that there is continual anxiety in the they should consistently maximise utility emotional conflicts in the situation and to investing $500 billion in global markets. agency relationships between managers and by building a portfolio to optimise risk create enough belief in their analysis to These are the people who decide what their clients (and superiors) and ongoing and reward under constraints and using allow them to commit or to get others to to do with ordinary people’s savings and scope for considerable confusion about how probability theory, doesn’t get them far. do so despite ambivalence. pension contributions so that they grow well any one is really doing, which creates It is usually logically impossible to make appropriately for when they are wanted, feedback, time-experience and learning the necessary commitment to action A great deal of academic work over several or who manage the assets of very wealthy issues, as well as much emotion. to purchase financial assets – which disciplines has elaborated how stories, individuals, foundations, states and local involves you and your clients making narratives, are uniquely suited to this authorities, etc. They can buy, sell or hold yourselves dependent and potentially task, as they are the mechanism human all kinds of securities. In their interviews ‘Nearly all the vulnerable on what is an imagined future evolution has developed to create a sense they told me in detail about examples of agents in the relationship – on probabilistic reasoning of belief, trust, coherence, meaning their daily work. market are alone. Neither, with its contrast between and truth in situations where data is rational and irrational behaviour, does incomplete and outcomes far from certain. Such interviews can’t reliably tell us telling stories.’ standard behavioural economics help We tell stories to give meaning to what why each person decided what they did. very much. All this does not mean you we do. And as psychoanalysts we think But interviews can be used to describe The context of exceptionality is also make decisions irrationally – far from these stories are based on unconscious the context in which decisions are important because managers are mostly it. To get the conviction to act you develop phantasy. made, and allow some reflection on the employed (indirectly by us or our pension the best reasons you can, and support implications. I found two features of the providers) on the understanding they them by telling to yourselves and to others Most significantly, if we agree future context in which financial decisions are should be and can be so, which means that ‘convincing’ stories you believe to be true valuations are stories supporting made by professionals quite striking: they they must continuously seek exceptional about the underlying fundamentals of what rationales, then in a sense we need to are characterised by uncertainty and opportunities. To do this they need is going on. I actually analysed over two think of financial markets differently. information and ambiguity, on the one repeatedly to make the claim they are at hundred stories told to me to understand They might usefully be conceived as the hand, and by the expectation everyone some form of information advantage, with something of their common and crucial best device we have for arbitrating the can be exceptional on the other. the consequence that they are continually features. truth of the available stories about the concerned the opposite may be the case. underlying fundamentals at any one time. Uncertainty and information ambiguity For example, one interviewee given the Moreover, the stories which are ‘felt’ to are built into the nature of financial The context just described makes it clear pseudonym George Monroe described be most plausible change according to NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1 9

Shaping our Future organisations, but also potentially for our News relationship with our own organisations. The BPC Trainees’ Association annual conference on 7 May, ‘Shaping our If you want to participate in the debate, Hanna Segal Future: Trainees and the BPC’, looked please go to the online Trainees’ area of at the current work of the BPC’s Future the BPC’s website. Contact the BPC office The psychoanalytic world has sustained a unconscious phantasy, the clinical Strategies working group (see Issue 4 of ([email protected]) if you great loss in the death of Hanna Segal on relevance of the death instinct, and the New Associations). need your login details 5 July. psychic consequences of the capacity (or lack of it) to use symbols. She has More than twenty students from different Hanna Segal, born in Poland in 1918, investigated the wider applications of training organisations came together was one of the most distinguished psychoanalytic ideas in diverse fields, to hear from Julian Lousada, Chair of Coming soon: A Dangerous Method psychoanalysts of our time. Before notably aesthetics, politics and literature. the BPC, and Helen Morgan and Alexa the second world war she moved with In the 1980s she was a leading figure Walker, Chair and Vice Chair of the David Cronenburg’s much-anticipated her family to France, but in 1940 they amongst a group of British psychoanalysts working group, who gave the context to film about the relationship between Jung had to flee the German occupation who sought not only to think critically the work of the group and summarised and Freud will open in cinemas across the to England. There she completed her about the mad ‘logic’ of nuclear war but the proposals being made. The event UK and Ireland on Friday, 10 February medical studies and, having discovered also to speak out and protest.’1 was an opportunity to find out directly 2012. the work of Sigmund Freud, went on to about the proposals as well as to discuss train in psychoanalysis. Her analysis and To the delight of many of her colleagues, the future of our profession in decades to Based on actual events, A Dangerous supervision with Melanie Klein was to Hanna was invited to appear on Desert come. Method takes a glimpse into the turbulent greatly shape her own thinking, and led Island Discs in 2006. Her choices included relationships between Carl Jung (Michael to her highly influential Introduction to Edith Piaf’s ‘Les Blouses Blanches’, Paul The conference paid particular Fassbender: Inglourious Basterds, X-Men: the Work of Melanie Klein (1964). Robeson’s ‘Ol’ Man River,’ and the second attention to the task of redefining and First Class), Sigmund Freud (Viggo movement of Mozart’s String Quartet in realigning the profession, including Mortensen: Eastern Promises, A History As Daniel Pick has written: ‘Over the last C Minor an attempt to draft a definition for the of Violence, Lord of the Rings trilogy) fifty years, Segal’s many papers, essays wider psychoanalytic / psychodynamic and Sabina Spielrein (Keira Knightley: and books have explored the nature of professional community The current Never Let Me Go, Atonement, Pride and 1. Daniel Pick, Lyndal Roper, Hanna Segal, her own psychoanalytic experience and ‘Psychoanalysis, Dreams, History: An Interview with definition based on little more than Prejudice), the ‘troubled but beautiful made important conceptual contributions, Hanna Segal’. History Workshop Journal, frequency is inadequate, and the aim young woman’ who comes between them. for instance regarding the nature of No. 49 (Spring, 2000), pp. 161-170 is to replace it with one which provides Into the mix comes patient Otto Gross an intellectual and clinical basis for our (Vincent Cassel: Black Swan, Mesrine), collective identity. A draft presented at determined to push the boundaries. the conference included reference to the central role of the unconscious, psychic In this exploration of sensuality, ambition Minding the markets damage and the place of infancy, the use and deceit set the scene for the pivotal of the transference, and therapy as psychic moment when Jung, Freud and Sabina a variety of factors, which are strongly the market is organised– for example by exploration rather than the development come together and split apart, forever influenced by the cognitive and emotional making the pursuit of exceptionality seem of ‘strategies’. changing the face of modern thought processes that cause stories to be treated more ordinary than it is. More awareness as if they were true. Which stories are of how markets are dominated by stories, This question of whether and how to View the trailer at ‘felt’ to be true can change much quicker and discussion of the underlying issues, clarify the profession that the BPC seeks http://adangerousmethod-themovie.com/ than underlying fundamentals – perhaps may offer some scope to build protection. to represent and build across the UK (not explaining why markets are much more If this is so, then the core concepts of just London!) is one which will be further unstable than the fundamentals would psychoanalysis I have mentioned need discussed at the Strategy Conference in suggest. to be much more widely understood, October. Three representatives from each developed and used. There are signs that of the twelve BPC member institutions Because they are markets in stories, this might happen will come together to consider proposals financial markets can then rather being made by the working group. The easily be viewed as at risk from several Trainees’ Association has also been invited phenomena about which psychoanalysis David Tuckett’s new book Minding the to send three representatives, with the has a great deal to say: Markets: An Emotional Finance View same voting rights as other delegates. of Financial Instability was recently We would like to hear from any trainees 1. Myths of exceptionality (for example published by Palgrave Macmillan. In it willing to take on this role (contact either about the phantastic objects of the kinds he elaborates the ideas in this article and Lee Smith at [email protected] or Liz pursued in bubbles) discusses relevant policies to make markets Ford at [email protected]). safer. 2. Divided states of mind (Splitting the Other key questions included whether, natural anxiety about loss away from http://www.palgrave.com/products/title. and the extent to which, the BPC should excitement about gain, causing a lack of aspx?pid=507522 open up its membership to new member balance) institutions that focus exclusively on trainings that are at a frequency of less 3. Groupfeel (making decisions based on than three times a week, but whose wanting to feel comfortable with what ethos falls within the agreed theoretical others are doing rather than thinking for formulation. The relationship between oneself). the BPC and its member institutions was discussed, including any future role it These three factors can predispose might play in regulating the profession. financial markets to serious instability Finally, we discussed the implications of the kind we witnessed in recent times. of the BPC becoming an organisation Moreover, they mean that capital markets based on individual membership, rather may not do very well in allocating than an organisation of organisations. capital to the most productive sectors The change from a membership of a not in looking after savings – which dozen organisations to over a thousand are meant to be their two functions. individuals would have consequences The three factors also create unstable not just for the role of the BPC, and its feedback effects which influence the way relations with the different training 10 NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1 NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1

From economics to psychoanalysis and back

By Anca Carrington

HEN I DECIDED to few good chapters that one learns about when all these are not possible. This day version of the omnipotent and moody leave my career in the reality of how unstable and volatile is an anchor onto a set of values and a Olympian gods, with policy changes economics to train in this outcome is. In a sense, equilibrium is grounding that will stand me in good the new anxious offerings mere mortals psychoanalytic to market changes what ‘normality’ is to stead through the current economic crisis can make. After every economic policy Wpsychotherapy, I little knew how my pathology. Understanding one helps with and beyond, through the ups and downs announcement, experts wait with bated relationship with economics would continue comprehending the other, but that is little of the economic cycle, and of my life. In breath to find out how the markets to develop. We were not on speaking terms guarantee that equilibrium (or normality) other words, what I feel I am gaining will respond: Will they be appeased or for a while, with all my economics and becomes available as a result. is a thoughtful way of recognising and enraged? For how long? What else will statistics books relegated to the loft, as I maintaining professional – and human – they demand? Or when? For instance, made room for Freud, then Klein, then Bion. ‘Economics integrity, in good times and bad. Radio 4’s Today programme always manages to find an economist who thinks The exploration in analysis of my feelings matters to us all The reality of the market-place is that the interest rate should and will about this change combined with external impacting with similar force upon change, and one who believes, or at least circumstances to help me reintegrate, and we all are practitioners. NHS psychotherapists are argues, the opposite. Which makes for gradually, the old with the new. The part of closer to the pressures inherent to public early morning entertainment, but also temporarily ostracised books began to funding: accountability, value for money, shows the limits of our understanding in descend and find their own place in the “the economy”.’ transparency and efficiency; all of this this area. If one single mind (one’s own!) study, and in my mind, as they helped me while trying to maintain a fundamental can be so difficult to comprehend and Training providers find themselves think about my professional journey in psychoanalytic stance. In this context predict, how much higher is the challenge in a tense market place, expected preparation for a presentation I gave at the change has more the quality of imminent when faced with an aggregate of a large to balance professional values with ‘Psychoanalysis, money and the economy’ threat rather than of random change, number of equally complicated minds? conference last year, organised by the budgetary realities. More trainees because of a degree of buffering that 1 mean more income, but there is always Freud Museum and Birkbeck. longer-term contracts and commissioning As David Tuckett shows in his new the consideration of quality. These provide. Psychotherapists working in book (see page 8), misunderstandings willing apprentices are, after all, paying It seems that unfinished business remains, private practice are more vulnerable to, and misrepresentations in the financial customers entitled to value for money; as I return to thinking about economics and possibly more aware of, the short- domain have been very costly to us all. but what is paid for is the opportunity and psychoanalysis and the way in which term fluctuations created by existing It is important to recognise the extent to to learn, not learning itself. The kind they can and do illuminate – and indeed patients deciding to stop therapy, or by which this is not due to a lack of thinking, of knowledge Bion denoted by K is a obscure – each other. potential patients unable to start in the but is rather the outcome of too much complicated affair, within, around and first place. And many experience both sets thinking, too technical and localised, beyond the boundaries of the curriculum. The magnitude and speed of the recent of pressures. based more on knowledge about things changes in the global economy are such (or –K in Bion’s language) rather than on I recently took part as a student member that it is virtually impossible to escape the truthful understanding. need to recognise that economics matters of the panel considering the revalidation ‘Patients of a well-established Tavistock course.2 to us all and that we all are part of ‘the will respond I am reminded of a caution from Clive One of the questions was whether the economy’. The often-cited laws of supply Granger, winner of the Nobel Prize course prepared me well for future and demand quietly carry us along in a differently to the in Economics in 2003 for his work on employment. Given the pressures under complex web of interdependence, in good analysing economic data over time. In which the NHS finds itself, I do not think changing market times as well as in bad. an earlier lecture he drew attention to that it will be easy to find a job at the conditions.’ the flurry of sophisticated mathematical end of my training. The uncertainty is These relatively recent changes have developments relentlessly pursued in high, and real. Nevertheless, my answer had an impact on the profession of Some will feel inspired to innovate and economics. He illustrated this graphically was ‘Yes’, because what I feel that I am psychotherapy – training and practice diversify; others might find themselves in as above and commented on how busy gaining from my training is more solid alike. When I refer to training I have danger of compromising. In either case, we are refining things ‘over here’ (E, for and longer-lasting than a set of skills in mind both the training institutions the mast to which they can tie themselves, error); but what if the truth (T) is ‘over in which a potential employer might be (supply) and trainees (demand), and by like Odysseus, is that of the core values of there’? practice I mean both therapists working interested. When I think of my training truthfulness and meaning, tolerance and I do not only have in mind lectures, in the NHS and privately (supply), as well reflection that define our work. The experience of being caught up in supervision and tutorials, but most of all as patients (demand). the ongoing global economic turmoil, to the experiences of being a patient and On the demand side, patients will respond me, can be metaphorically compared to of being with a patient, two separate Economics textbooks tend to start differently to the changing market experiencing an earthquake: everything but deeply interconnected journeys of with an explanation of how supply and conditions, seeking more therapy if they ceases to be stable and reliable, a roof over discovery. Through this thoughtful mix of demand interact to achieve and sustain regard this as a necessity, or less of it if one’s head turns suddenly from something clinical experience and careful theoretical equilibrium. The idea is that, for any they regard it as a luxury at a time of that offers protection into something explorations, the training gives me a good or service, there is one combination hardship. that at any time may collapse and kill. way to think, to reflect, to understand of quantity and price that satisfies both The reliability and dependability with and to contain the feelings that emerge sides at the same time. It is not for another ‘The markets’ have become the current- which financial institutions have been NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1 11

and who fall outside of the remit of What future for trainees? Letters to the Editor primary and secondary care, will not be provided with anything. The answer to Dear Colleagues, any challenge to this from the clinical coalface is that, in the context of the I am now coming to the end of my sixth Response to NHS special, Issue 5 in the UK (NICE under scrutiny, 20111). need for efficiency savings, hospital bed year of training as a child and adolescent I recommend that all interested BPC closures are the priority in terms of cash psychotherapist at the BAP. I am the I recently went to my local hospital registrants get hold of a copy and read savings (hence the intensive PD treatment only trainee without a fully funded NHS for a consultation about a forthcoming it. I hope that the BPC will link up with teams), and only NICE-based talking post. I have completed two thirds of my operation for a physical health matter. the UKCP around the robust stance that treatments will be provided for all other training within my role as Clinical Nurse When I queried the lack of long term they are taking to the current crisis by diagnostic groupings. The concern is that Specialist in CAMHS at Basingstoke. results that NICE guidelines had flagged undertaking just this sort of scrutiny of many NHS Trusts are set to ‘lock’ patients In July 2009 I resigned, as I found it up about this procedure, my surgeon NICE, and by engaging their practitioners in to particular manualised treatments, impossible to manage a full time nursing replied that long-term follow-up research in the debate about the need for ‘counter’ thereby closing the space for dialogue role and an intensive training and so, in the NHS is very expensive to conduct, political narratives to those that currently between practitioners of different forms of with my progress advisor and head of and it is therefore very difficult to shaping the provision of services. research, relevant to the different models training, I arranged to start an honorary satisfy these sorts of NICE requirements of psychotherapy, that would then allow placement. for empirical evidence on an ongoing I mention all this because I work as an a wider choice of therapies to be available long-term basis. He was able to tell me, Adult Psychotherapist in the borough within the public sector. Unfortunately for me this fell through however, about his own quite successful of Richmond within the South West as the psychotherapist moved. Since then ‘practice based’ results from his cutting London and St George’s Trust, where I hear the voices at BPC executive level we have continued to be in negotiation edge work in this field over a good number ‘efficiency measures’ combined with advocating that we all stay involved, and with two other CAMHS services; one of years. This dilemma on a personal level ‘restructuring’ of mental health services try to keep psychoanalytic psychotherapy was almost secured a year ago but was had a familiar and emotional resonance have resulted in a plan to terminate all relevant in today’s market place, and of blocked because of redesign of the service. for me, in terms of the rather narrow medium- and long-term individual and course that is what many of us at the Other senior psychotherapists have stance that I feel that NICE is taking group psychotherapy provision within frontline of services want, but the realities not been able to offer me a placement regarding what constitutes ‘appropriate’ the Trust. The closure of my department are that this will become increasingly because of pressures within their service research methodologies in its production will mean the loss of three part time difficult to do from ‘within’ the public even though I come with a great deal of of guidelines for mental health talking Adult Psychotherapists, who may or may sector if redundancies are the order of experience and free! treatments. not be offered redeployment elsewhere. the day, and if we do not take up a more Other psychotherapy services across politically active stance on all levels. There is one last hope, but we are quickly The current crisis facing the survival of the Trust stand to lose many more such My plea is for all those involved in the moving to the end of another academic psychological therapies within the NHS posts. The alternative structure for new promotion of and accreditation of NICE- year and the CAMHS services do not is directly impacted upon by the problem services within our Trust is not at all backed psychodynamically rooted models, seem flexible enough to accommodate a of traditional medical research paradigms clear, but it is based on a planned increase such as DIT and IPT, to be cognizant highly motivated, experienced and skilled for short-term CBT and manualised and expansion of IAPT services, and the of the fact that manualised short-term trainee who could see children adolescents therapies, not easily lending themselves creation of specialist PD teams in each therapies will not help considerably more and their families who have been on the to the relationship-based approach borough for severely borderline patients, disturbed and psychologically distressed waiting list too long and individualised technique that utilising MBT and DBT models of patients, and our thoughts and energies psychoanalytic psychotherapy requires. treatment. must urgently stay focussed on retaining Angie Austin NICE deals only with ‘measurable provision for these groups too Child and Adolescent Psychotherapist results of specific interventions’, which This would all be fine, were it not for the in Training and Nurse Practitioner in leaves much of what psychotherapy fact that whole other rafts of ‘severe and Anne Jennings Primary Care can do outside of this framework of complex’ patients, including those for Complex Cases Service evaluation. UKCP have commissioned whom NICE guidelines state that choice Richmond Psychotherapy Department an excellent analysis of the impact of should be available, i.e. those who do not South West London and St George’s Trust NICE on the provision of psychotherapy suit CBT or need longer term treatments [email protected]

1. Guy, A., Thomas, R., Stephenson, S. and Loewenthal, D. NICE under scrutiny: the impact of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines on the provision of psychotherapy in the UK. UKCP Research Unit, From economics to psychoanalysis and back Research Centre for Therapeutic Education, Roehampton University, June 2011 associated – as a walk among the heavy us. Making sense of one can, I believe, City buildings conveys – have been shown illuminate the other, and psychoanalysis to have little weight other than that with is best placed to tolerate and explore this which we have collectively invested them. reality

Earthquakes are felt to last longer After nine years of university lecturing and than they actually do, and their impact research in economics, Anca Carrington and consequences are very difficult to joined the civil service – first as senior appreciate while everything is shaking. methodologist in spatial analysis at the What sees us through the geological Office for National Statistics, then as experience of this sudden disappearance economist at HM Treasury. She is currently of any safe space is the ability to turn a trainee psychotherapist in the Adult towards the solid structures within. Department at the Tavistock Centre.

What I am advocating is a moment of pause and reflection; a step back, Notes a reflection on the appeal of radical solutions in difficult times. Earthquakes 1. A paper based on that presentation is due to appear in the June 2011 issue of the European come about because something in the Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling. deepest layers of the earth is not quite 2. Known more widely as D58 than as the PGDip/ right. Likewise, I believe, with the MA Foundations of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy current economic crisis. Uncertainty is all around us and, most of all, within 12 NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1 NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1

conjunction with the EFPP, offering a rich in wanting to protect standards and a environment for exchange. Participants rigorous psychoanalytic outlook, but Does the UK who have met over the years form also in acknowledging that the training working relationships and friendships of mental health professionals has to that endure. Conferences have been be more realistic and sensitive to what held all over Europe, in Amsterdam, is possible. Of course this has been need the EFPP? Athens, Barcelona, Berlin, Caen, Cologne, perceived as lowering the intensity of Copenhagen, Cyprus, de Haan, Dresden, training, which engendered considerable Lisbon, Rome, and Stockholm and more controversy in the general meetings of the By Miranda Feuchtwang recently in Prague and Florence. The UK EFPP in recent years; but the good sense hosted a millennium conference for all of working parties composed of delegates Do we need an identity as European psychoanalytic psychotherapists, and three sections in Oxford in 2000. Now the from different European countries, to be part of an international community? plan is for the UK, possibly in conjunction including the UK, has prevailed. with the BPC, to host the first conference for all four sections in 2014. An international identity ADLY I THINK we have to Brian, with his characteristic enthusiasm So what use is membership of the EFPP admit that the British and inexhaustible energy, had invited For this year and next, however, an Adult to a country like the UK, which has a unconscious does not believe Lydia Tischler and myself, as child and Child and Adolescent combined wealth of long established trainings in our European identity. Our psychotherapists, and Janet Boakes, a conference on the theme of Siblings will accredited by the BPC and the ACP? We Sbelief in our national identity and our old group analyst, to prepare the ground by be held in Krakow, Poland this October. already have a richly developed scientific unconscious enmity with our continental making contact with our colleagues in Two British speakers, Jeanne Magagna life. Does psychoanalytic psychotherapy neighbours dies hard. What was once a Europe. This was no mean feat when and Angela Joyce, and Franz Wellendorf in the UK need the EFPP? Do we need to mere stretch of water traversed by scholars most of us were barely computer literate from Germany will give plenary papers. A look beyond our shores for our scientific who spoke Latin, Greek and Hebrew and in those pre-internet days. Lydia was Group and Couple and Family combined development? I think it is essential, in who were in full communication with one indefatigable in her persistent wooing of conference will be held in Athens in May fact, to have an international identity as another now divides us. We leave our child therapists across Europe, and Brian 2012. Information about both conferences psychoanalytic psychotherapists and to island to cross the so-called English through the APP created the contacts is on the website. be part of an international community. Channel for holidays, culture, good food, with the adult psychotherapists. Would Of course all of us have developed landscape, where the romantic and it work, we wondered? Would everyone within the frame of psychoanalysis, and enlightenment notion of the Grand Tour turn up? Would they agree to commit ‘Do we need to many IPA psychoanalysts come to our lingers in our minds. We may recall that themselves and their countries’ national look beyond conferences and give keynote papers, Freud was first and foremost a European, organisations to the formation of this new and their participation is welcome. his ideas forged in the enlightenment self-authorised organisation? our shores for Several psychoanalysts are members history of Europe, and that psychoanalysis our scientific of the Executive Committee and have is essentially a European discovery; we in The long discussions ended in triumph been our past Chairs. But the primary our profession know that psychoanalysis thanks to the inspired chairing of Anton development?’ task of the EFPP is to develop an has no boundaries, but we may forget that Obholzer. By the end of the day the international organisation and a platform in Europe we have colleagues who speak provisional constitution was agreed, and Perhaps the greatest achievement of the for psychoanalytic psychotherapy. the same psychoanalytic language, and an elected Executive Committee was delegates of the EFPP is that they have Psychoanalysis has its own international who confront the same problems. in place with Brian Martindale as the created, in their own countries, networks organisation in the IPA. The EFPP’s task first Chair. To celebrate, everyone was and organisations for training where none is different. It is to promote the practice of Over the last two decades our mindset invited to a drink at the Freud Museum, had previously existed; or they have been psychoanalytic psychotherapy by the core may have shifted to become somewhat and the wrong kind of snow and London able to bring together several previously professions in the public sector, in clinics, more integrated in our identity as traffic meant a heroic journey from existing training organisations to create in health centres, in hospitals; its task Europeans, and even as European Regents College to Maresfield Gardens an EFPP Institute as an umbrella for is to promote the good mental health of psychoanalytic psychotherapists. But for the delegates of the newly fledged these organisations. This is the case for adults, children and couples and families ironically this identity, and the EFPP’s organisation. Such was the birth of the example in Italy, in Finland, and in throughout Europe. role in creating it, is only apparent when EFPP. Switzerland. The BPC came into being psychotherapists meet at EFPP shortly after the formation of the EFPP, Anne-Marie Schloesser (Germany) was conferences; it is less evident in the UK and fulfils this function for us in the UK. elected Chair of the EFPP at the biannual where it all began, and the UK may be ‘Freud was In other countries where previously there general meeting in Belgium on March largely unaware of its pioneering role in foremost a was no organised training specifically 11. She brings a strong commitment to creating the EFPP. for children, this has come into being taking the EFPP forward in its aims and European, his too. Denmark and the Czech Republic objectives to further the development Would it work, we wondered? ideas forged in the are examples. New countries have joined of psychoanalytic psychotherapy in the The EFPP was founded by Brian as full or associate members from East public sector in Europe, and to meet the Martindale in March 1991, on a day of enlightenment and Central Europe: Estonia, Georgia, challenges it faces in the current political immense cold and snow. That February history of Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, and economic climate. London had been bombed by the IRA, Russia, Serbia, Ukraine and Turkey. The so our colleagues from abroad were Europe.’ EFPP has run summer schools in some of All of you who are members of the APP, somewhat wary of travelling to London these countries to aid their development. the BPC or the ACP are members of the less than a month later. But enough of Now twenty years old, the EFPP has over UK national membership organisations them braved the cold and the threat of thirty member countries with delegates The EFPP is above all pragmatic in of the EFPP. Please visit the website, get terrorist attack and gathered at Regents in four sections, for Adult, Child and its approach and, rather than impose in touch with your delegates, Miranda College to vote on a constitution for a Adolescent, Group and latterly for Couple unattainable conditions, we have Feuchtwang, Hansjoerg Messner and new organisation, the EFPP. Its stated and Family psychoanalytic psychotherapy. wanted to include countries which are Cathy Troupp, and send us your comments mission – as with the APP, to which it The Executive Committee is composed at the beginning of their development and criticisms, friendly or otherwise. You was most clearly aligned in the UK – was of nine members, two elected by each in psychotherapy. The four sections will also find a link on the website to to promote and develop psychoanalytic section and a Chair elected by the general have clarified the minimum standards contact the Chair and the other members psychotherapy in the public sector; to assembly of the delegates. Each member for membership. This was to recognise of the Executive make links in and between countries country can send up to two delegates for in the adult section, for instance, that where this was already established, each section. although three and four times a week but also in countries where it was still intensive trainings are offered by many Miranda Feuchtwang is a delegate to the quite thin on the ground; and to develop One of many achievements has been countries, such as Italy, France, Germany, EFPP, and EFPP adult coordinator and common high quality training standards, the development of scientific life Switzerland and the UK, this is not Vice Chair on a par with those already in operation in throughout Europe, in the conferences an option for several other countries. the UK. hosted by different countries and run in In this the EFPP has been a pioneer www.efpp.org NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1 13

25 years of the Freud Museum

By Carol Seigel

This year the Freud Museum London celebrates its 25th anniversary.

HE MUSEUM was founded and ecology in 1992. Jacques Derrida Director Michael Molnar, myself as to extend facilities for visitors, events, at the request of Anna gave a three and a half hour paper at current Director, the Austrian ambassador education, research and private hire. Freud, who wanted to see the conference ‘Memory and Archives’ Dr Emil Brix, writer Esther Freud, and The Museum needs too to be financially 20 Maresfield Gardens in 1994, while Edward Said delivered a a poem specially written by poet Ruth sustainable. It is an independently funded becomeT a museum after her death to Freud Memorial Lecture at the School Padel. Ruth later said: ‘I wrote it because I charity, in receipt of no government commemorate her famous father. The of Oriental and African Studies, entitled was at a conference at the museum which funding. It receives a generous annual Freud family moved here in October 1938, ‘Freud and the Non-European’ in 2001. was so inspiring I had to write it then and grant from the New-Land Foundation in after their flight from Nazi-occupied Freud Museum objects have been loaned there!’ the US, but has to raise the remaining two Austria, and although Sigmund died here to exhibitions in Japan, Australia, Mexico thirds of its income. In order to finance this the following year, Anna remained in the and Brazil, and its first international wide ranging programme of change, and house until she passed away in 1982. exhibition toured the United States. ‘The museum to place it on a more sustainable financial The Freud Museum has played host to world and visitor footing, the Museum is launching a The house was significantly restored and numerous writers and novelists, talking substantial fundraising drive. opened in July 1986. The opening was a about their work. expectations have splendid affair, attended by many of the moved on a great The exciting vision for the future is that great and good in the analytic and wider Hundreds of school groups visit the the Museum becomes a place to engage community, and with opening honours Museum each year, mostly A-level or deal.’ with the contemporary legacy of Sigmund performed by Princess Alexandra. The university students studying psychology. and Anna Freud, to make it a lively Museum features all the furniture and In groundbreaking outreach work in So why is the Museum now planning an place of discussion, research, debate and collections brought by the Freuds from 2008, the Freud Museum teamed up with extensive programme of change? Both the enquiry, while maintaining its unique Vienna, including over two thousand an armed forces mental health charity, museum world and visitor expectations and special character as the Freud family antiquities, Freud’s personal library, his Combat Stress, and South Camden have moved on a great deal since the home desk, desk chair and iconic couch. In the Community School, to work on ‘The 1980s, and we are increasingly aware intervening 25 years the Museum has Archaeology of Conflict – Unearthing that despite success in many areas, the built a strong reputation in the UK and the Psychological?’ The project aimed Museum is not meeting its full potential. Carol Seigel overseas, not only for its displays and to develop a better knowledge and Trustees and staff have ambitious plans Director, Freud Museum London collections, but also for its education, understanding for young people of the to develop the Museum – to extend the www.freud.org.uk conference and events programme and psychological impact of conflict, using displays and broaden the interpretation, innovative contemporary art exhibitions, Freud’s theories as the basis for a set of to provide a greater depth of featuring artists such as Sophie Calle, interviews carried out by psychology information about Sigmund and Susan Hiller and Mat Collishaw. It students with veterans from Korea to Anna Freud, their works and has also been a centre for research and Bosnia. their legacy, to completely scholarship. redesign the Anna In June this year the museum held a party Freud Room, The Museum has hosted conferences to celebrate its 25 years, with more than and on a wide range of topics, including the 200 people overflowing into the beautiful first major conference on psychoanalysis garden to hear speeches by past 14 NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1 NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1

24 September 2011 22 October 2011 11-12 November 2011 ‘Where the Wild Winds Blow’: Diary Jung and Alchemy The Red Book Two Years on Working with Difference SAP, 1 Daleham Gardens, NW3 5BY 13-15 Arundel Street, London WC2R St Pauls Church, Blandford Road, St Albans JULY Speaker: Bob Withers Speakers: Paul Bishop, Christian Gaillard, Speakers: Diana Bass, Linda Brown, Contact: 020 7435 7696, Sonu Shamdasani, Murray Stein, Loraine McSherry, Lynda Norton, 27 July 2011 [email protected] George Bright, Catherine Bygott, Jeri Ontiskansky, Elizabeth Richardson, Café Psychologique Penny Culliford, Chris MacKenna Susan Wax Seven Artspace, Leeds LS7 3PD 28 October 2011 Contact: 020 7435 7696, Contact: BAP, 020 8452 9823, ABOUT MEMORY, INTERPRETATION AND [email protected], [email protected] www.sevenleeds.co.uk [email protected] OBJECT RELATION IN TODAY’S PSYCHOANALYSIS 12 November 2011 24 September 2011 Institute of Psychoanalysis, 28 July 2011 ‘COULD IT BE MAGIC’: Identifying Freud Museum 25th Anniversary Moments of Embodiment 112a Shirland Road, London W9 the dynamics of change in Couple Freud Museum, 20 Maresfield Gardens, Friends Meeting House, Speaker: Cesar Botella Therapy London NW3 91-93 Hartington Grove, Cambridge Contact: 020 7563 5000, TCCR, 70 Warren Street, London W1T Open Day Speaker: Judith Woodhead [email protected] Speakers: David Hewison, Mary Morgan Contact: 020 7435 2002, Contact: 020 7435 7696, Contact: Matt Williams 020 7380 1975, [email protected] [email protected] 28 October 2011 [email protected] Childhood Disorders: Neuroscience & Intervention Conference 24 September 2011 12 November 2011 AUGUST Containing the Disturbing Patient Friends House, 173 Euston Road, Internet Pornography: Working with within a Psychoanalytic Setting London NW1 Client Preoccupation 3-6 August 2011 John McIntyre Centre, University of Speakers: Mike Crowley, Uta Frith, WPF, 23 Magdalen Street, London SE1 IPA Congress: Sexuality, Dreams Edinburgh Frances Gardner, Linda Mayes, Eamon Workshop Leader: Jenny Riddell and the Unconscious Speakers include Tammy Fransman, McCrory, Kevin Pelphrey, Mary Target, Contact: 020 7378 2054, World Trade Center, Mexico City Donald Campbell, Joan Hermann, David Trickey and Essi Viding [email protected] Speakers include Ilse Grubrich-Simitis, John Shemilt www.annafreud.org Andrea Sabbadini, Theodore Jacobs, Contact: SIHR, 0131 454 3240, 19 November 2011 Peter Fonagy [email protected] NOVEMBER BAP Annual Conference: The www.ipacongress.org/congress/ Unspeakable and The Unbearable 3-6 November 2011 BAP, 37 Mapesbury Road, London NW2 OCTOBER 24-28 August 2011 6th European Psychoanalytic Film Speakers include Jean Knox, World Congress for Psychotherapy Festival Julian Lousada, Janine Sternberg, 1 October 2011 Sydney Convention & Exhibition Centre BAFTA, 195 Piccadilly, London W1 Joscelyn Richards Speakers include Mary Target and others Offences and defences: Staff distress and organisational Border-crossing: migration across national Contact: 020 8452 9823, www.wcp2011.org defences in secure hospitals and mental states [email protected] LCP, 32 Leighton Road, London NW5 www.psychoanalysis.org.uk/epff6/ 29 August-2 September 2011 Speaker: Gwen Adshead 22 November 2011 European Symposium in Group Analysis Contact: 020 7482 2002 4 November 2011 JUNG AND ALCHEMY Goldsmiths College, University of London Troubling patients in troubled times SAP, 1 Daleham Gardens, London NW3 1 October 2011 Speakers: E. James Anthony, Albie Sachs, Royal College of General Practitioners, Speaker: Bob Withers FACING SEXUALITY: Working psycho- Gwen Adshead, Robi Friedman, 1 Bow Churchyard, London EC4M Contact: 020 7435 7696, analytically with the sexual fantasies, Hosted by the APP Primary Care section, [email protected] Elisabeth Rohr, Molyn Leszc, desires and fears of our patients Balint Society and RCGP Bryan Boswood, Margit G. Jorgensen Marino Institute, Drumcondra, Dublin 9 Contact: Debbie Board 020 7173 6074, 24-25 November 2011 www.confer.uk.com Speaker: Brett Kahr dboard@ rcgp.org.uk Psychological Therapies in the NHS www.confer.uk.com/sexuality_prg.html Savoy Place, London SEPTEMBER 4 November 2011 8 October 2011 Contact: 020 8541 1399, AFFAIRS: the impact on the couple www.healthcare-events.co.uk 11-14 September 2011 Wrestling with Winnicott: Hate in relationship Identity, authority and task in an the Countertransference TCCR, 70 Warren Street, London W1T uncertain context 26 November 2011 Saffron Walden, Essex Speaker: Jenny Riddell NSCAP, Bevan House, 34–36 Springwell Working with Loss and Bereavement Speaker: Jan Harvie-Clark Contact: Joanna Bending 020 7380 1970, Road, Leeds LS12 WPF, 23 Magdalen Street, London SE1 Contact: [email protected] [email protected] Group relations conference Leaders: Lynsey Hotchkies, Neil Hudson Contact: 0113 305 8750, 8 October 2011 Contact: 020 7378 2054, 5 November 2011 [email protected] Living with the Wound: [email protected] A Conference for Clergy Love And Melancholia In The Analysis Of Women 15 September 2011 Friends Meeting House, 43 St. Giles, 30 November - 1 December 2011 Mansion House, Canynge Road, Clifton, The New Sex: Feminism and the Oxford HSJ MENTAL HEALTH CONGRESS Bristol BS8 3LJ difference it has made Speakers: Chris MacKenna, Jane Leach Dexter House, London EC3N Speaker: Rosine Jozef Perelberg TCCR, 70 Warren Street, London W1T Contact: 020 7435 7696, www.mentalhealthcongress.com Contact: Severnside Institute for Speakers: Brett Kahr, Rebecca Asher, [email protected] Robert Rowland Smith, Natasha Walter Psychotherapy, DECEMBER Contact: Becky Walker 020 7380 1965, 14-16 October 2011 [email protected] [email protected] EFPP Combined Conference 3 December 2011 5 November 2011 Understanding and working with Krakow, Poland 24 September 2011 Borderline Personality Disorder: abuse in couple relationships Philosophy and Psychoanalysis: Speakers include Angela Joyce, The Patient, the Therapist and the TCCR, 70 Warren Street, London W1T Thinking about Projective Jeanne Magagna, Franz Wellendorf the Therapy Speakers: Judith Siegel, Christopher Identification www.efppconference2011cracow.pl WPF, 23 Magdalen Street, London SE1 Clulow, Damian McCann Institute of Psychoanalysis, 112a Shirland Workshop Leader: Duncan Kegerreis Contact: Joanna Bending 020 7380 1970, 15 October 2011 Road, London W9 Contact: 020 7378 2054, [email protected] Speakers: Priscilla Roth, Louise Braddock, Music and Psychoanalysis [email protected] Michael Lacewing Institute of Psychoanalysis, 112a Shirland 3 December 2011 Contact: 020 7563 5017, Road, London W9 WINNING AT ALL COSTS: A [email protected] Speakers: Francis Grier, PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPOLORATION OF Richard Rusbridger, David Black SPORTING GREATNESS Contact: 020 7563 5017, SAP, 1 Daleham Gardens, London NW3 [email protected] Speaker: Ian Williamson Contact: 020 7435 7696 NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1 15

‘I do not believe that satisfactory plastic Preview representation of our abstractions is at all possible.’2 The European Psychoanalytic Film Festival Analysts interested in cinema at first limited themselves to applying to film the The Sixth European Psychoanalytic Film concepts from their clinical work – such as, Festival (epff6). Organised by the Institute depending on their theoretical orientation, of Psychoanalysis under the Honorary the Oedipus complex, castration anxiety, Presidency of Bernardo Bertolucci. archetypes, the death drive, the symbolic BAFTA, London, 3 to 6 November 2011. order, the paranoid-schizoid position, etc. Today analysts continue to enrich film Cinema and psychoanalysis have theory and to provide original and often much in common besides enjoying controversial interpretations of individual simultaneous origins at the end of La Forteresse (2008) movies. Sometimes they also engage in the the nineteenth century. (It was in the study of a film’s structure and technical same year, 1895, that the first films commercial interests. European countries geographer, a psychoanalyst and a film features, or of its aesthetic and historical were shown by the Lumière brothers represented so far include not just the scholar), the screening of a silent movie significance; at other times they research in Paris, and the first psychoanalytic major producers, such as France, Russia, with live accompaniment by Harry the such cultural fields as spectatorship book, Freud and Breuer’s Studies on Italy or Germany, but also Finland, Piano and a reading of unpublished reception. Hysteria, was published in Vienna.) Croatia, Switzerland, Poland, Estonia, poems on migration by Ruth Padel, Within their parallel histories the two Portugal, Greece and many more. and will also feature a lecture on exiled disciplines, as well as sharing central ‘Film speaks the European filmmakers by film historian roles in contemporary culture, a common The epff programme consists of screenings Catherine Portuges. focus on narratives and a fascination language of the of features, shorts and documentaries with dreams, have developed linguistic unconscious.’ selected around a theme. The films are In addition, various social and cultural analogies (think of the concept of discussed by analysts and filmmakers and events run in conjunction with the projection) – in Glen Gabbard’s words, ‘to there are lectures, panels and workshops, Festival; this year they include a reception The publication of books, monographs a large extent, film speaks the language always with lively audience participation. at the Romanian Cultural Institute and and essays on various aspects of the of the unconscious’.1 Many well-known European filmmakers tours of the Freud Museum. relationship between psychoanalysis and (including several winners of Academy cinema, as well as increasingly frequent While a ‘psychoanalytic cinema’ as or other major international awards) epff belongs to an informal network of professional events focusing on dialogue a discrete genre does not exist, some have taken part, discussing their work encounters between moviemakers, film between psychoanalysts and filmmakers, films are particularly suitable for a with prominent psychoanalysts and scholars and psychoanalysts now taking attest to the importance of such cross- psychoanalytic reading, and are in turn film scholars. Two books have also been place in many countries. In Britain the fertilising interchanges. more likely to provide therapists with published which bring together the Institute of Psychoanalysis has for the observations and insights useful in their main articles to have emerged from the past ten years run a programme of film One of the main events of this kind is the clinical work. These films fall into three Festival. screenings and discussions on a variety of European Psychoanalytic Film Festival broad categories: analytically relevant themes. (epff) which, from its beginnings in 2001 This year’s Festival, which takes place and biennially since, the Institute of a. those whose characters are portrayed from 3 to 6 November under the title Psychoanalysis has entrusted me with in an explicitly psychological way, Border-Crossing: Migration across ‘Critical reflection directing. Organised by a committee in with an emphasis on a detailed study National and Mental States, will screen London and by a team of consultants in on movies can of their inner world and personality. films from ten different European Europe, epff takes place over four days at These characters are represented in their countries, many of which have never been enrich our BAFTA in London and has been regularly ambivalent or conflictual aspects, with shown before in the UK. Each film focuses attended by some 300 delegates from over knowledge of the their past history taken into account, on the geographical and psychological twenty countries. their unconscious motivations explored, border space where transitions occur and human condition.’ and generalisations of the ‘goodies-and- where changes – subtle and slow, or more Calling epff a ‘Film Festival’ must be baddies’ kind avoided’; often traumatic – can take place. Psychoanalysts are increasingly showing understood as shorthand for what, to all an interest not only in offering original intents and purposes, is a combination of b. those which deal with themes also Films will include the award-winning approaches to film studies, but also in festival and conference – we settled for familiar to analytic enquiry, such Buick Riviera (dir. Goran Rusinovic, valuing the contributions that films can the term ‘Festival’ to emphasise its festive as crises in subjectivity related to Croatia, 2008), which will be discussed by offer them. What the critical reflection on aspect, and the word ‘European’ refers to developmental stages or acute existential a panel including one of the film’s leading movies can do for us analysts is to enrich our choice to limit the scope of the event to and moral dilemmas, conflictual actors, Leon Lucev, and The Reverse our knowledge of the human condition a vast and varied geographical area with a interpersonal constellations, and (Poland, 2009), an intriguing drama from in its normal and psychopathological long-standing tradition of producing films various mental pathologies (neurotic director Borys Lankosz which has won manifestations, sometimes usefully which lend themselves to a psychoanalytic or narcissistic disturbances, sexual multiple awards worldwide, and which reminding us of how unclear the discourse. It is also an attempt to make perversions and gender confusion, will be discussed by Lankosz himself and boundaries between the two can be available to our audiences movies often alcoholism and drug addiction, psychotic renowned academic, critic and broadcaster excluded from a distribution to a large disintegration, etc.); Ian Christie. Andrea Sabbadini extent dominated by North American c. those which, having analysts and/ There are also documentaries epff6: Border-Crossing: Migration Across or their patients as main characters, including the acclaimed National and Mental States runs from attempt to represent (but sometimes La Forteresse (Switzerland, 3-6 November 2011 at BAFTA, London. end up misrepresenting) psychoanalysis 2008), which follows daily For the full programme and booking itself. In these films our profession is life at a centre for asylum information, plus details of other Institute often presented in the dramatically seekers. Its director Fernand film events, visit www.beyondthecouch. effective, but inaccurate, version of the Melgar will be on the org.uk or email [email protected] therapist being engaged in the cathartic discussion panel. recovery of repressed traumas for the explanation of current events, with The Festival will be 1. Gabbard, G. O. (1997) Guest Editorial: The psychoanalyst at the movies. International Journal much use of flashbacks as the filmic introduced by three experts of Psycho-Analysis, 78(3): 429-434; p. 429. device equivalent to memory. Freud may on migration (a social 2. Abraham, H. - Freud, E. (Eds.) (1965) A Psycho- have been right, then, when he replied Analytical Dialogue. The Letters of Sigmund Freud to Karl Abraham, who had invited and Karl Abraham. 1907-1926. London: Hogarth Press; Letter of 9 June 1925. him to collaborate on a film project: Mine Own Executioner (1947) 16 NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 6 SUMMER 2 0 1 1

The Society of Analytical Psychology London

70 Warren Street, London, W1T 5PB www.tccr.org.uk SUPERVISION COURSE 2011/12 Tel: 0207 380 1970 The SAP is a member institution of the British Psychoanalytic Council. This training course in psychodynamic supervision with a Jungian emphasis leads to a two tier TCCR Autumn Conference 2011 award - either to the SAP Certificate in Supervision or, with the addition of a written paper, to the SAP Diploma in Supervision which satisfies the requirements ‘Could It Be Magic?’ for membership of the British Association for Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Supervision. The course is in two strands: Identifying the dynamics of change in Couple Therapy – What really makes the difference? ƒ Theory and Practice of Supervision: 10 monthly Saturday workshops, th 9:30 - 3pm at The SAP. These include presentations by senior SAP analysts, Date: Saturday 12 November 2011 Time: 9:30am‐4:30pm including contributors and editors of three leading books in the field. Dates: 8 Oct, 12 Nov, 10 Dec, 14 Jan, 18 Feb, 17 March, 14 April, 12 May, •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9 June and 14 July.

AFFAIRS – the impact on the couple relationship ƒ Supervision of Supervision: in weekly groups led by senior SAP analysts. This one day workshop is aimed at practitioners working with individuals, Group times and locations: Mondays 10 - 11:30am with Christine Driver at 71 couples or families. It will focus on the impact of an affair on the intimate Umfreville Rd, N4 1RZ or Tuesdays 3:20 - 4:50pm with Jan Wiener at The SAP, 1 adult couple relationship and the therapeutic work. Daleham Gardens, NW3 5BY or Tuesdays 3 - 4:30pm with Catherine Crowther at 50 Leconfield Rd, N5 2SN. Additional groups may be arranged in West or Southwest London, Oxford, Cambridge, Surrey, Sussex, North Derbyshire or Date: Friday 4 November 2011 Time: 10.00‐4.00 Rutland. Groups offer the optimal training experience but supervision in pairs or individual supervision may be arranged when this is not possible.

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Applicants should normally have 3 years’ clinical experience post-qualification, be registered with BPC or UKCP or accredited with BACP, and are expected to be Certificate in Psychosexual Studies: Understanding the working as supervisors by the start of the course. A psychodynamic training and Sexual Relationship substantial experience of psychodynamic therapy/analysis are required. The course focuses on thinking about couples and sex and applying this Fees: £1325 for the course + £900 for supervision of supervision. understanding to participants' work. It is useful for GPs, sexual health workers and other healthcare professionals as well as counsellors, psychotherapists, Application forms and further information: online at www.thesap.org.uk health visitors and midwives. or from the Training Administrator, The SAP, 1 Daleham Gardens, London NW3 5BY. Dates: Sept 2011 – April 2012, two terms of four Saturdays each. Tel: 020 7435 7696 Email: Claire Hazelwood [email protected]. For information Time: 10.00am‐4.00pm or discussion please contact Course Co-ordinator Miranda Alcock, 01932 400056 or 07766 707 413. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

CONTACT: [email protected] TEL: 0207 3801970

Psychoanalysis and homosexuality: moving on

A one-day conference co-hosted by The Anna Freud Centre Association for Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy in the NHS NA British Psychoanalytic Council Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Tavistock Centre for Couple Relationships New Associations is published by For insertion of advertising Contribute to New Associations the British Psychoanalytic Council, materials contact Leanne Cannon, We welcome your ideas for articles, Suite 7, 19-23 Wedmore Street, [email protected] reviews, and letters to the editor. London N19 4RU In particular we are looking for Saturday 21 January 2012 Tel. 020 7561 9240 Design Studio Dempsey reviews of cultural events, books Fax 020 7561 9005 Designers Mike Dempsey, and films with psychoanalytic www.psychoanalytic-council.org Stephanie Jerey and the BPC interest. If you would like to propose Resource Centre, Holloway Road, London N7 [email protected] Illustrations Leanne Cannon a topic for a longer article (up to Printer Advent Colour 1200 words) please contact Janice Three issues of New Associations Cormie: janice@psychoanalytic- Organising committee: Malcolm Allen, Jeremy Clarke, are published each year in March, Views expressed in New Associations council.org July, and October. under an author’s byline are the Alessandra Lemma, Leezah Hertzmann, Trudy Klauber, views of the writer, not necessarily Deadlines: The next issue of David Morgan, Mary Target Subscriptions those of the BPC. Publication of New Associations will be published UK annually (3 issues): £10 views and endorsements does not in October 2011. The deadline for Overseas annually: £16 constitute endorsement by the BPC. article proposals is 26 August 2011. Speakers and details to be announced on the BPC website: © 2011 British Psychoanalytic Contributions and letters to the www.psychoanalytic-council.org Editorial Board Council. No part of this publication Editor should reach us no later The New Associations Editorial may be reproduced, stored or than 16 September 2011. Board is currently being convened. transmitted in any form or by any Details will be posted on the means without the prior permission BPC website. of the publisher. ISSN 2042-9096 Managing Editor: Malcolm Allen