Balance of Political and Managerial Approaches to Government in Direct and Simultaneous Local Elections in Indonesia

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 05, (2020), pp. 104-112 Balance Of Political And Managerial Approaches To Government In Direct And Simultaneous Local Elections In Indonesia

Akmal Malik1, Bambang Supriyono2, Hermawan3, Leli Indah Mindarti4 Faculty of Administrative Science, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia [email protected]

Abstract This study analyzes the policies of the Regional Government Law and the Regional Election Law, as well as, analyzing the implementation of direct and simultaneous local elections based on the managerial approach of the government (Rosenbloom et.all, 2015 and Frederickson, 1980 & 1984) and the decentralization approach (BC Smith, 1985 & 2012 ) accommodate direct and simultaneous local elections. And is expected to be able to build a political and managerial balance of the direct and simultaneous local government elections in Indonesia. This study uses the post positivism paradigm with mixed methods or mixed methods (Creswell, 2015). Data collection in this study using a questionnaire. Data analysis uses the Social Network Analysis (SNA) or Social Network Theory (SNT). Relating to the policy analysis of the Regional Government Law and the Regional Election Law. In addition, related to policy analysis of the Regional Government Act and the Regional Election Law, there needs to be an increase. There is an understanding that the achievement of political objectives through the development of democratic values, as well as the achievement of the managerial technical efficiency objectives of the government through the implementation of managerial values of government.

Keywords: Political and Managerial Approaches, Government, Simultaneous Local Elections

1. Introduction Indonesia entered a new phase in a more democratic life along with the birth of the reform movement in 1998, which was marked by the collapse of the New Order (Irham, 2014). The broad demands of students, the public, and some reform figures have increasingly encouraged social and political change by pressuring the executive and legislative branches to amend the constitution and various policy products that support the policy of democratization and decentralization. The amendment of the 1945 Constitution encouraged the election of the President and Vice President to be elected through a "one man one vote" mechanism which replaced the consensus tradition through factions as in the New Order era. Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati were elected as President and Vice President through a new parliamentary mechanism resulting from changes in the political package Act, one of which was the political parties that became the regulatory instruments for the participants of the 7 June 1999 General Election. A year after the fall of Soeharto, the subsequent political institutional reform played by BJ Habibie was the first milestone in the democratization process. Significant changes in the party system and the Election system have implications for the legislative function in parliament and its relationship with the president and regional heads in the executive. The existence of political parties and their function in dynamizing society are the main driving forces of the process of democratization in the electoral arena freely without being limited and co-opted by the state as in the past. Political parties grow and develop into multi-parties supported by institutional reform processes and various political party law products that encourage accelerated democratization in the post-New Order era. The political parties that succeeded in winning delivered a number of party cadres as representatives who voiced their aspirations and

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 05, (2020), pp. 104-112 articulated the interests of the people based on their respective Electoral Regions in parliament. The practice of democracy in the reform era and afterwards, both parliamentary democracy and direct democracy in the context of the elections that have been running for more than a decade, have brought about significant changes when compared to the practice of "democracy" in the New Order era. Of course, the process cannot be undertaken easily, especially considering the many diseases in the "pilkada" that have not been able to be overcome properly from time to time. Empirical facts in Indonesia regarding population data are still very minimal in terms of clarification and verification, causing problems in determining voter lists, both Permanent Voter Lists (DPT) and Temporary Voter Lists (DPS). In the context of the elections, good democracy can be seen from the involvement of all individuals in a particular area. The involvement of all individuals, one of which can be achieved with good ownership of population data. DPT is a very important thing for an election. The DPT problem itself seems to have become a classic problem that never ends from every election in Indonesia, namely the voter list problem. Problems that often arise in the DPT include the updating of voter data officers who do not do the matching or previous research or even conducted by other elements not listed in the KPU decision letter. Another problem that remains a challenge is the political uncertainty that often arises before the series of elections. Empirical facts show that political uncertainty arises due to the many political dramas that occur, both in determining the candidates for regional heads and forming certain coalitions. Tug of support to prospective regional heads is one instrument that increases the existence of political uncertainty itself. In fact, lately, there have been a number of parties that have both pulled and turned their direction in a very narrow time with a predetermined deadline. Public awareness in determining their choice to choose regional leaders in accordance with the criteria and their respective choices is increasing enthusiasm and participation of West Javanese citizens in the 2018 Simultaneous Local Elections. Increasing community participation in simultaneous local elections in West Java is also inseparable from the role of West Java citizens, particularly persons with disabilities and elderly who participate in voting rights. In this case, the General Election Commission (KPU) of West Java is conducting simultaneous socialization and coaching to people with disabilities and the elderly. The practice of democracy through direct elections is seen as a model that shows more "sovereignty" of the people in determining their leaders in the regions. Until now, the practice of democracy in the direct local elections, has remained accommodated in Law Number 23 Year 2014 concerning Local Government which was last replaced by Law Number 9 Year 2015 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 23 Year 2014 concerning Regional Government. Decentralization policy is seen as having pushed the process of democratization at the local level. Formation of an autonomous region with local government institutions, taking into account geographical, demographic, socio-cultural aspects that give a label to a community, or better known as a socio-political unit. The implementation of the decentralization policy of the political dimension, was made as a medium of democratic education, political institutionalization through the consolidation of democracy wisely, and to build political culture as a representation of local wisdom which in turn strengthened the national political culture. Dahl (in Gill, 1995) states that democracy at the local level is one indicator of the establishment of democratization at the national level. Meanwhile, from the technical dimension of local government management, the decentralization policy is aimed at ensuring that regional governments as public service providers are effective and efficient, and in order to build good governance with the principles of good governance, among others must be professional, transparent, accountable, fair, effective, efficient, dignified, and responsive to community complaints (Djohan: 2004). This thinking provides an understanding that the achievement of political objectives through the development of democratic values, as well as the achievement of the managerial

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 05, (2020), pp. 104-112 technical efficiency objectives of government through the implementation of managerial values of government. At the level of the Regional Government, it boils down to the realization of democratization and the efficiency of government management organized by the Regional Head as an element of regional government administration. The Regional Head leads the implementation of government affairs which are the authority of the autonomous region, together with the Regional People's Representative Council as the regional people's representative institutions that are domiciled as elements of the regional government.

2. Literature Review and Development of Conceptual Framework Public administration theory contains at least three different approaches, which can be labeled "managerial," "political," and "legal" (Rosenbloom & Kravchuk, 2005; Rosenbloom, Kravchuk, & Clerkin 2009). The development of more coherent public administration theories must recognize the usefulness of each of these approaches because they apply to various aspects of administration. Ethics Governance. according to Cooper, ethical values are a soul or life of state administration (values are the soul of the public administration) (in Frederickson, 1997: 160). In addition, according to Frederickson (1994), ethics or values occupy every corner of administrative science. In line with this, Waldo (1948) also said that who studies administration means learning about values and who practices administration means practicing value allocations. Social justice. Social justice is an expression that includes an understanding of a set of values, a choice of organizational framework, and a choice of management crates. This social framework emphasizes equal rights in government services. In addition, social justice also emphasizes accountability for decision making and program implementation for public managers. Social justice is also interpreted as emphasizing changes in public management. Social justice emphasizes responsiveness more to the needs of citizens than to the needs of public organizations. Social justice emphasizes an approach to the study of state administration which is interdisciplinary, applied, problem solving, and theoretically sound. Bureaucratic Politics. All bureaucracies have certain resources that can be used by civil servant careers to get what they want: policy experts, prosperity and continuity, and responsibility for implementing a program (Rourke, 1984). The agencies and bureaucrats within the agency often try to co-opt outside groups as a way to avoid threats (Sclznick, 1949). Decentralization. Decentralization, according to Smith (2012), is "the distribution of power and authority and the extent to which both are handed over through a geographical hierarchy within the State and are also pleasing to the institutions and processes that allow the distribution to take place". Decentralization in a nation state is one of the principles that must exist in the administration of government. Decentralization adopted by a nation state is not an alternative to centralization, both cannot be dichotomized, cannot be confronted with each other, because both are sub-systems within the organizational framework called the State. With decentralization, it can be a trigger for local governments to improve services to the community and also increase their responsibilities in providing services to the community. General election. Elections are a means of popular sovereignty to elect members of the People's Legislative Assembly, members of the Regional Representative Council, the President and Vice President, and to elect members of the Regional People's Representative Council.

3. Methodology This study uses the post positivism paradigm with mixed methods or mixed methods (Creswell, 2015). This research uses convergent design. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection in this study using a questionnaire. Data analysis uses the

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 05, (2020), pp. 104-112 Social Network Analysis (SNA) or Social Network Theory (SNT) approach to map policies using Node XL. Population The population of this study is in the area of holding direct and simultaneous local elections in 2015, 2017 and 2018

4. Result and Discussion

4.1. Regional Government Policy. Philosophical Basic Elements that form the Regional Government. In the Indonesian context, decentralization has always been linked to the formation of autonomous regions or regional governments and the transfer of government affairs from the Central Government to regional governments so that regional governments have the authority to regulate and manage government affairs. Theoretically there are basic elements that are generic in local government institutions. In order for the regional government to be able to carry out its autonomy optimally as an instrument of creating a process of democratization and an instrument of creating prosperity at the local level, then we must philosophically understand the basic elements that shape local government as a government entity. There are at least 7 basic elements that build regional government entities, namely government affairs, institutions, personnel, regional finance, regional representation, public services and supervision. The ups and downs of Local Government Policy in Indonesia Local government in Indonesia is marked by the enactment of various laws concerning regional government. Every law enacted will mark a change in the regional government system and this is very closely related to the national political situation. Basically there have been 8 (eight) major changes to the post-independence regional government system. Every change in the system is outlined in the Law on Regional Government which contains regulations that differ from one another. The Dynamics of Local Government Decentralization The dynamics of the implementation of government decentralization raises several important questions about the form of decentralization that should be developed in Indonesia. The fact that decentralization in many countries has not been able to produce solid and solid evidence to encourage regional progress, community participation, and citizen welfare makes many parties aware of the importance of the decentralization model and regional autonomy adapted to the social, cultural, political, and economic conditions of each country. The decentralization system developed must be contextual by taking into account various variables and conditions so that the decentralization model developed in Indonesia is truly in accordance with the government, political, cultural, historical, and ideals of building a nation state. The development of decentralization in Indonesia needs to pay attention to the conditions needed for the success of decentralization itself and the various present-day contexts that occur in Indonesia. Position of Regional Regulation in the Unitary State In a unitary state there is no shared sovereignty. Sovereignty is only in the hands of the state, not in the regions. The implication is that in a unitary state there is only one legislative body, which is domiciled at the center. People's representative institutions in the regions (DPRD) only have regulatory power to make regional regulations that are not in conflict with the products of the legislative body (DPR) and higher laws and regulations. The state organizer and / or president as head of government can review local regulations and cancel them if they conflict with higher laws and regulations. Mapping of Law No.23 / 2014 concerning Regional Government The mapping results use Social Network Analysis (SNA). The use of SNA methods in the analysis of a network has basic mathematical calculation rules that are important to understand in order to know the connectedness patterns in the network being analyzed. The results of data processing with Social Network Analysis show the actors with the largest in degree values at 3532 edges in Law No.23 / 2014 concerning Local Government namely

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 05, (2020), pp. 104-112 Further Provisions obtained 31 Nodes, Regional Heads obtained 18 Nodes, Perda Draft obtained 14 Nodes, etc. This indicates that further provisions in relations with other actors often act as objects in Regional Government policy. The results of data processing using Social Network Analysis show that actors with OUT DEGREE values, who have the ability to exchange information with the other largest actors at 3532 edges in Law No.23 / 2014 concerning Local Government, are Ministers obtained 164 Nodes, Governors obtained 159 Nodes, Central Government obtained 117 Nodes, Government Regulation obtained 112 Nodes, Head of Region obtained 112 Nodes, etc. That is, the Minister in relations with other actors often acts as an object in Regional Government policy. The results of data processing with Social Network Analysis show the actors with the value of between centrality, how far the actor is located among other actors in the graph of the research results, it can be concluded that the Regional Head has the highest value of betweeness centrality which is quite far adrift from the values other values. This shows that the Regional Head is an actor or node that acts as a liaison (bridge) between two communities in policies related to Regional Government. In addition, the results of data processing using Social Network Analysis on Pagerank Centrality. PageRank Centrality produces this measure used by Google to determine the quality of a page. The more important a node is, the more nodes are referenced by other nodes. The results state that the same as closeness centrality, the actor with more nodes referenced by other nodes is a member of the Provincial DPRD. Social Network Analysis requires eigenvector centrality which shows the general distance between actors in a network pattern. Thus, the actor who has the highest eigenvector centrality value becomes the actor who has the most important role. The results obtained are district / city / regional regulations

4.2. Regional Head Election Policy In Indonesia there are often ups and downs in the regional head election policy in Indonesia. Regional head arguments have been regulated in various laws from the 1998 reforms to 2016. In addition, the implementation of regional head elections can be an option for means for citizens to participate directly in making the highest policy in the region - not just seizing power in government. Meanwhile, the Election Law for regional heads is also regulated by law. As well as analysis of the constitutional court ruling, grant funds, voter data, voter participation, preparation of regional head officials.

4.3. Discussion The Implementation of Direct and Simultaneous Local Election Based on the Managerial Approach to the Government and the Decentralized Approach Accommodating the Implementation of Direct and Simultaneous Local Election The Simultaneous Local Election is a national strategic program that must be implemented and is charged to the APBD in sufficient quantities according to the needs of each stage of the Simultaneous Local Election. The Regional Government must be able to guarantee the certainty of providing Pilkada budget at each stage according to the needs of organizing an adequate number of elections. To ensure the magnitude of the needs for Simultaneous Local Election Funding, the organizer of the regional election (Provincial KPU or Provincial Bawaslu) submitted a written proposal to the Governor for further discussion between the Regional Government Budget Team (TAPD) and the Election Organizer. Grant Funds. Based on a joint agreement on the results of the discussion in determining the amount of the regional election fund, then it is poured in the Regional Grant Agreement (NPHD) Manuscript and signed jointly by the Governor as the giver of the grant and the Pilkada as the grant recipient. The amount of Pilkada grant funds agreed in the NPHD is the basis for

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 05, (2020), pp. 104-112 the inclusion of the Pilkada grant budget in the APBD, which is determined according to statutory regulations. The receipt of funds for the administration of the Election of the Governor and Deputy Governor, the Regent and Deputy Regent and / or Mayor and Deputy Mayor by the Provincial KPU / KIP Aceh and Regency / City KPU / KIP must be adjusted according to the rules of the Government Regulation and Ministerial Regulations governing the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN), bearing in mind that the funds are included in the Election Commission's Budget Implementation Entry List (DIPA), so that both in implementation and accountability, and reporting must be adjusted to Government Regulation No. 45 of 2013 concerning Procedures for Implementing Revenue and Budgeting State Expenditures and Minister of Finance Regulation Number 190 / PMK.05 / 2012 concerning Procedures for Payments in the Context of Execution of the State Budget (APBN). NPHD itself has clear drafting standards, because so far in compiling NPHD only based on requests from law enforcement agencies. Therefore, there are technical guidelines in the preparation of NPHD prepared by the Directorate General of Regional Financial Development because its authority does indeed form good APBD guidelines and evaluate the structure APBD if there are indications of deviations such as winning the incumbent or candidate pair that has a relationship with KDH. The technical guidelines will then become Permendagri or circulars. Shopping grants for the election of Governor and Deputy Governor to the Provincial KPU are stated in NPHD and signed by the Governor and Chairperson of the Provincial KPU. Shopping grants for the election of the Governor and Deputy Governor to the Provincial Bawaslu set forth in NPHD and signed by the Governor and Chairman of the Provincial Bawaslu. Shopping grants for regent and deputy regent / mayor and deputy mayor election activities to regency / city KPU are stated in NPHD and signed by regents / mayors and regency / city KPU Chair. In relation to the NPHD for the 2015, 2017 and 2018 elections, the fact is that there are often delays by the local government in relation to making NPHD that should have been passed in October but often the delay will hamper the running of the elections. The fact from Bawaslu also shows that so far from 270 regions that are preparing NPHD for the 2020 simultaneous local elections, there is only one city that has prepared NPHD, namely Kediri, while 269 regions have not yet prepared the NPHD process to date. Other problems can also be seen from the regulation stating that the 2017 regional election funding is charged to the regional budget, which shows that a large budget allocation is 478 billion. What is interesting is that there is a Governor Decree issued by Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama which contains that every ASN even the organizers at the provincial level cannot receive money or honorarium in the context of the 2017 elections. 67 billion in funds by the KPU to the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. Voter Participation. Community political participation is a form of the realization of a demoralized state. Countries without political participation from society tend to be authoritarian and centralistic. The political participation of the community in the General Election also determines the direction and progress of a nation. The quality of political participation will be highly determined whether all people who have fulfilled the mandatory vote can vote, whether the community is given access or ease in choosing and whether the community can choose a truly qualified leader based on the beliefs and trust in the candidate he chooses. The actual election problem is not only limited to the technical process that is often encountered by many violations but the main problem is the outcome or substance of the election is still far as expected. The real outcome expected from the election is to give birth to an ideal leader. The fact so far that in addition to the implementation process is still amateurish and unprofessional, elected legislative members produced through the election process are still considered to have low quality, ranging from the limitations of leadership professionalism, legal problems and the lack of progress from the area they lead until the

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 05, (2020), pp. 104-112

end of their term of office. The following is a comparison of the level of election participation.

Table 1. Comparison of 2013 and 2018 Local Election Participation Rates of the Five Provinces with the Highest Participation The province 2013 2018 Papua 87% 73% Bali 74% 72% Kalbar 71% 76% NTT 70% 63% Malut 70% 71% Average 74,4% 68,8%

Based on table 1 it can be seen that this is still not optimal. First, the government targets participation of 77.5% of the total number of voters, but the realization is only 73.24% with a total of approximately 111,383,390 voters. In the 2018 elections there were five provinces with the highest participation, namely the provinces of Papua, Bali, West Kalimantan (West Kalimantan), East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), and North Maluku (North Maluku). However, of the five provinces, there were three provinces that were the highest but experienced a decline in participation compared to 2013, namely the provinces of Papua, Bali and NTT. While the two other provinces of West Kalimantan and North Maluku have increased. ASN Neutrality. ASN neutrality has become one of the variables of several variables included in the problems of the election implementation in previous years. State Civil Apparatus, hereinafter referred to as ASN, is a profession for civil servants and government employees with work agreements that work for government agencies. Even though the neutrality of ASN has been regulated in the Law and other supporting regulations, the issue of ASN neutrality in every election implementation has never been absent and has generated a lot of controversy considering the large number of ASN which is as many as 2,709,917 voters in all 2018 regional elections. in 2018 there were 535 alleged violations of ASN neutrality before D-day voting and 157 suspected violations of ASN neutrality during the election and after the election took place. The problem regarding the neutrality of ASN in the years of the election implementation is inseparable from the bureaucracy of rent seeking and rent seekers, both of which in other words are a term for capitalists or capitalists to reap profits by utilizing the closeness with the authorities. In addition, the paternalistic culture of bureaucracy that is still very common in the bureaucracy in Indonesia also becomes a problem in the neutrality of ASN where the influence of a very strong culture of paternalism tends to encourage bureaucratic officials to be more oriented towards power rather than service. Security and Order. Peace and order are closely related to a sense of security in which the community feels calm. That sense of calm can then lead to a lawful society with all the applicable regulations. The definition of peace and order is a condition that is safe and orderly, no riots and chaos come so that the safe areas and people in the area work calmly and regularly according to applicable regulations, causing the creation of smooth work. This also shows that the peace of public order is very important and determines the smooth running of the government, the implementation of development and community development in an area / region so that the achievement of development goals that are expected for the welfare of the community is expected to be achieved. The mapping results of the 2018 Pilkada Regional Election showed that a total of 12 provinces were included in the category of areas with moderate levels of vulnerability and three provinces included in areas with low levels of vulnerability. mapping the results of

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 05, (2020), pp. 104-112 the 2018 Regional Election IKP for security aspects, as many as 11 districts / cities are included in areas with high levels of vulnerability. The eleven areas are Puncak Regency, Paniai Regency, Jayawijaya Regency, Mimika Regency, Nagekeo Regency, Kerinci Regency, South Central Timor Regency, Alor Regency, Murung Raya Regency, Sukabumi City, and Tual City. Meanwhile, 42 regencies / cities are included in areas with moderate levels of vulnerability. The remaining 101 districts / cities are included in areas with low levels of vulnerability. The six regencies / cities that fall into the high vulnerability category are spread in three provinces, namely (1) Papua, (2) Southeast Sulawesi, and (3) East Nusa Tenggara. Papua Province is a province with the most regencies / cities that fall into the category of high vulnerability levels, namely Mimika Regency, Paniai Regency, Jayawijaya Regency, and Puncak Regency. While the other two provinces which have districts / cities with high levels of vulnerability are Southeast Sulawesi (Konawe Regency) and East Nusa Tenggara (South Central Timor Regency). Regencies / cities that fall into the category of regions with moderate levels of vulnerability are 58 regions scattered in 25 provinces out of 30 provinces whose regencies / cities hold elections in 2018. Three provinces, namely Banten (4 districts / cities), West Nusa Tenggara ( 3 districts / cities), and Maluku (2 districts / cities) are provinces with all regions included in the medium vulnerability category. The majority of districts / cities (90 regions) that hold 2018 elections are included in the category of regions with low vulnerability. Regions that fall into this category are spread across 22 provinces out of 30 provinces whose regencies / cities hold elections in 2018. A total of 22 provinces have districts / cities with low vulnerability levels. Implementation Dimensions. On the implementation dimension at the provincial level, there are three provinces that are classified as high vulnerability. The three provinces in sequence from the highest index to the lowest are Maluku (3.47), North Maluku (3.33), and Papua and North Sumatra with the same score (3.24). In the implementation dimension, there are seven regions classified as high potential vulnerability areas. The seven regions that score above 3 are Mimika Regency (4.51), Paniai Regency (4.18), Jayawijaya Regency (3.71), South Central Timor Regency (3.38), Donggala Regency (3.31), Central Mamberamo District (3.18), and Puncak Regency (3.02). For the contestation dimensions, six regions were recorded as high vulnerability. These areas are Konawe Regency (3.85), Southeast Maluku Regency (3.18), Kolaka Regency (3.12), Jayawijaya Regency (3.10), Serang City (3.03), and Pulang Pisau Regency (3.03). Meanwhile, for areas with moderate karawanan on the contestation dimension, there are 61 regions with this vulnerability category. The five regions with the highest scores in the medium vulnerability category are Empat Lawang District (2.90), Lebak District (2.98), East Lombok Regency (2.97), and Murung Raya and Paniai Districts, each of which scores 2.95. For regions with low vulnerability category, 87 regencies / cities were recorded. For the contestation dimensions, six regions were recorded as high vulnerability. These areas are Konawe Regency (3.85), Southeast Maluku Regency (3.18), Kolaka Regency (3.12), Jayawijaya Regency (3.10), Serang City (3.03), and Pulang Pisau Regency (3.03). Meanwhile, for areas with moderate karawanan on the contestation dimension, there are 61 regions with this vulnerability category. The five regions with the highest scores in the medium vulnerability category are Four Lawang District (2.90), Lebak District (2.98), East Lombok Regency (2.97), and Murung Raya and Paniai Districts, each of which scores 2.95. For regions with low vulnerability categories, 87 regencies / cities were recorded.

5. Research Implications This research is expected to be able to provide advice and input as an alternative policy for the implementation of Simultaneous Local Elections in Indonesia, especially for direct and simultaneous local elections in 2024. This research will also be able to provide alternative advice and input that encourage the development of a balance of political and

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 05, (2020), pp. 104-112 managerial governance in the Pilkada directly and simultaneously in Indonesia. The main target of this research is the Ministry of Home Affairs as the holder of authority in coordinating government support for the implementation of direct and simultaneous democratic local elections, which is able to encourage the development of a balance of political and managerial approaches to governance in regional government.

6. Conclusion In the context of evaluating direct and simultaneous local elections, the Government needs to build a political and managerial balance of government that is expected to be able to anticipate and overcome problems that arise in direct and simultaneous local elections. Relating to the policy analysis of the Regional Government Law and the Regional Election Law. Relating to the implementation of direct and simultaneous local elections based on the managerial approach of the government (Rosenbloom et.all, 2015 and Frederickson, 1980 & 1984) and the decentralization approach (BC Smith, 1985 & 2012) accommodate the implementation of direct and simultaneous local elections. In addition, related to policy analysis of the Regional Government Act and the Regional Election Law, there needs to be an increase.

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