ANTI APARTHEID

ANTI APARTHEID The hewspaper of the Anti-Apartheid Movement men' was o the won They Afr4 upit Wasan that intry.' o 7.30 pm ae to be announced - Appeals for clemency have come frommany other international organisations, including the International Commission of Jurists, the World Council of Churches, and the World Luthera ederation, as well as from the UN Commissioner for Na mibia, Sean McBride. In Britain the Methodist Church and the London Division of ASTMS are among tl o who have joined the the protests. SATIShas called on over 50 antiapartheid orgasnisations all over the world to join the international campaign for repreve. Campaigns were.immediately launched in Ireland, the Netherlands and Canada, wh toramibian Bishop Richard Wodhas been invited on a special saino tour. 15311 ,,-,,0, ou erioe Namibia IN. Lodis W1 .5 5311 SATIS Emergency Campaign, page 3. The Rt Hoe James Callaghan MP j Prime Minister 10 Downin Street Londo n SW 1 ; I call upon lar Maje ty's Government to intervene immediately to nave the liven of Anto Mushimba, SWAPO NationalOrganiser. and Hendrik Shikongo. SWAPO member, sentenced to death under the i ntorous Terrorism Ace on 12May 1976 by the illegal South African v occupiers of Ndamibia. Signed ...... Date ...... amd ea ...... I

ACTION-NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL Britain Barnet BARNET Anti Apartheid Committee held a fund-raising social evening on May I with folk singers Chris Roman, Brian Reeves and Kathy Heath.' The event raised £:t120for the Anti-Apartheid Move ment. On May 16, oner 40 supporters of Barnet AA Committee walked 10 mifes on a sponsored walk to raise more funds for the AAM. (The amount received will be announced in the next issue of AA News. ) On Saturday June 5 Barnet AA Committee will se'l AA News in Ballards Lane and collect signatures to the SATIS Emergency Petition The group is also planning a forum on Zimbabwe which will be jointly sponsored by Finchley Constituency Labour Party, Barnet Borough Liberal Perty, and Barnet Anti-Apartheid Committee. The speakers will include representatives from the political parties and a Zimbaebwean, Date and venue to be announced, Finchley Comservative Party have declined an invitation to participate in the meeting. Contact Joan Darling, 51 Dollis Park, London N3, tel 346 7740. West London WEST London Anti Apartheid Group is planning a membership drive tojecruit more "mbers for the Acti- Apartheid Movement, to take place In June, The Group has donated £20part of the money raised from its Portobello Road market stall-to the Anti- Apartheid Movement. OnSaturday June 19 members will collept signatures at Notting Hill Gate to the SATIS Emergency Petition for an end to torture in South Africa and Namibia. They are also planning to sell AA Nes More information about the Group's activities and offers of help: Betty Northedge, 19F Ennismore Gardens, London SW7, tel 589 8243 4eveningsu, 580 5311 (day). . Bristol BRISTOL Anti-Apartheid Group will hold a public meeting on Namibia at 7 pm on June 8 at Central Hall, Old Market, Bristol.. The speaker will be Colin Winter, exiled Bishop of Damaraland (Namibia) and there will be a performance by a West Indian Drama Group and the showing of a film on Namibia, Contact: Ron Press, teLBristol 426608. Leicester LEICEST:ER Anti-Apartheid Group recently held a sh~wing o a film on Angola which was attended by around 60 people. The Group has decided to function autonomously, instead of as part of the Leicester Inter-Racial Solidarity Campaign. AAM members and supporters in the Leicester area contact: Sher Samford, 82 Hbward Road, Leicester, Equity ban EQUITY, the actors' union, is to hotd a re~mmisdues on wh~tlbr its members sOUld DO Danneoosrum working in South Africa or Rhodesia, A resolution passed at Equity's annual general meeting, held in April, asked its Council to issue a standing instruction to members not to work in the two countries. Explaining the decision to hold a referendum,'Equity General Secretary Peter Plouviez said that the union's Council considered that the question of a ban on members working in South Africa and Rhodesia was 'too important to be made at a poorly attended and unrepresentative annual general meeting'. He reaffirmed the Council's support for Equity's policy of banning the sale of television programmes to South Africa, Equity members who wish to work for a full boycott of South Africa and Rhodesia are asked to contact the Anti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte Street, London W1P 2D0, tel 01-580 5311, AUEW AUEW (TASSI Kitson Committee held a successful meeting on Southern Africa on May 5 at the union's annual conference in Bournemouth. The meeting was addressed by Hugh Lewin, who spent 7 years in a South African prison with Dave Kitson, an AUEW (TASS) member who has now served12 years ofa20-year gaol sentences imposed for his part in the South African -liberation struggle. Members of Dave Kitson's family werepresent among the 250 people who attended. 'The collection totalled E120. ASTMS AN Anti-Apartheid Movement meeting was held at the ASTMS annual delegate conference at Eastbourne on Saturday May 8. On the platform were ASTMS National Officer Roger Lyons, who was in the chair, ex- Marconi employee Jock Hall, Edward Ramsdale representing SACTU (South African Congress of Trade Unions), and Tim Webb, ASTMS National Officer and representative of the AAM Trade Union Committee. The main speaker, Jock Hall, gave an analysis of the possible military uses of the tropospheric scatter equipment now proposed to be exported by Marconi to South Africa. " The problem of the large number of British cormpanies which refused to reply to the questionnaire sent out by Christian Concern for -Southern Africa was also raised. The attitude of the companies was discussed and it mas agreed that ASTMS members who were employed by those companies would be contacted with a view to their raising it with their managements. ASC OVER 70 people attended the Angola Solidarity Committee Workshop held at the Africa Centre, London, on May B. The Workshop included sessions on the problems facing the new Angolan People's Republic, MPLA policies, Avqola's role in the rest of Southern Africa and the history of evets in Angola since the Apr 1974 revolution in Portugal. In the discussion on future solidarity work, which wound up the meeting, it was agredd to mount a campaign against the recruitment of mercenaries. NUS-AAM THE NUS-AAM Student Network will hold its fifth annual cdinference on Southern Africa at Sheffield City College of Education, July 911. Speakers at the conference will include Labour MP Bob Hughes and Abdul Minty, Hon Secretary of the Anti-Apartheid Movement. The programmewill include sessions on recent developments in Southern Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia, South Africa's military strategy, Western interests in Southern Africa, and anti-apartheid work in the student movement. The purpose of the conference is to frame a campaign on Southern Africa within the student movement for the coming year and to equip activists with the information they need to implement it. Registration forms are available from the AAM office and students interested in campaigning on Southern Africa are urged to attend, Registration fee: £12 per delegate. Durham THE Principal of Durham University has circulated all University Princ pals with suggestions for collective action over University investments in firms with interests in South Africa. The recommendations suggest that Universities should be prominently involved in ensuring that British influence in South Africa is exerted against apartheid Thie'policy is divisive in that the AAM/NUS has campaigned nationally for many yeats for total disinvestment from firms with South African interests. At Aberystwyth, students are calling for the resignation of their Principal, whose reply to the Durham circular can only be described as pro-apartheid. He said that at its last meeting the University Coancil refused to take action on disinvestment motions and among the reasons given were that 'There has been. no explanation of some of the possible consequences to this country of supporting anti-South African action. South Africa has an important strategic position, profitable British investments and rich reserves of minerals including uranium which are significant for the maintenance of the energy supplies on which our long term material standards of living will depend.' No debate REQUESTS have been made to British Universities from the University of Capt Town to host a debating team at the end of this year. Both NUS and AAM are opposed to the visit, andall Universities have been circulated asking them not to host the team. Many Universities have already refused to accept the debating team, Liberation AFRICA Liberation Day was marked in London at a rally on Saturday May 22, sponsored by the West Indian Standing Conference at the Conway Hall. Organe nersfepP684td, - ,Bernet Anti-Aparthei d Group napper for the Anti-Apartheid Movement or pledged by sponsors. Many of the a Barnet College-among them were 9old Brian Kraal included the Caribbean Labour Solidarity Party, the African National Congress of South Africa, the Zimbabwe African National Council, SWAPO, and the Anti-Apartheid Movement. Squash FIVE countries-Pakistan, India, Nigeria, Egypt and Kuwait-refused to play against South Africans at the international squash tournament held at Wembley, May 16-24. Earlier, South Africa's all-white team was excluded from the team event-the World Squash Rackets Championships- held in Birmingham, but Minister of Sport Dennis Howell and the British squash authorities refused to take any action to stop individual members of the South African team from competing at the individual event at Wembley. In a statement the Anti-Apartheid Movement said: 'The British squash authorities' refusal to exclude the South Africans makes it appear that they are more concerned with expressing solidarity with the white South African squash federation than with the principles of nonracial international sport. West Germany THE West German Anti-Apartheid Movement has launched a campaign to stop West German nuclear collaboration with South Africa The movement is to mount information stands outside the Steag plant in Essen and will cooperate with the Civil Protest Movement which opposes the building of further nuclear power stations in West Germany. It has ajso launched a mass petition againstfurther nuclear collaboration. The Lutheran Church is to hold talks With the All African Conference of Churches on the nuclear issue, I I Ireland -THE Irish Anti-Apirtheid Movement issued a strong condemnation of a tour of South AftYiby' i n May 16-altogether £130 has been alkers came from local schools and year old Nadia Joseph and 7-year Irish hockey team,the Harps, which took place in May, It also pointed out that if the team carried out its plan to play in Rhodesia it would be violating UN sanctions against the Smith regime. The Movement is also to mount a showing of the I OAF photographic exhibition in the Damer Theatre, Stephens Green, Dublin, in the last week of June to mark South Africa Freedom Day, June 26, Contact:.Irish AAM, 20 Beechpark Road, Foxrock, Co Dublin, tel Dublin 895035. New Zealand NEW ZEALAND Anti-Apartheid Committee'has launched a campaign for a boycott of products of the South Africa-based Rothmans Group. It will campaign for the removal of Rothmans cigarette vending machInes from work placbs, cafeterias, rail ferries and other institutions, and for individuals to refuse to buy Rothmans products. The Committee has also produced two education kits about South Africa for secondary schools for which it has already received over 100 orders, Contact: NZAAC, Box 9154, Courtenay Place, Wellington, New Zealand. Sweden THE Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO) and the Central Organisation of Salaried Employees in Sweden (TCO) have called for a ban on further investment in South Africa. In a letter to Prime Minister Olof Palme, the'two bodies say that Swedish companies operate within the existing social order in South Africa The letter goes on to propose new legislation which would make new investment in South Africa impossible 'so long as Swedish companies through discriminatory working conditions continue to profit from black and Coloured workers'.

Tonane aoun Anrca- Hotne on the first day of the emergency campaign vigil oi% May 17. Above right: The Executive Committee of AUEW Icture b Morning Star 'ASS) ioleed the Pickcet on Friday May 21. End police torture" SATIS mounts il .TIS (Southern Africa-The Lord Fanner Brockwayandthe byformer SouthAfrican political he presented to the British More support is urgentlyneeded. mprinoned Society) is mounting a Anti-Apartheid Movement's prisoners, and on Thursday-by Government. Organisations and individuals liy vigilatlunchtineoutside ChairmanJohnEnnels. membersoftheNUS. Othergroups taking responsi- 'wanting to help maintain the thAfricaHousetoprotest WednesdayMay19wasthe TheentireExecutiveofthe bilityfor mounting one day of the picket, contact Yvonne Strachan, ainut the new wae of detentions climax of the first week of the engineering union's supervisory vigil include the West Indian SATIS c/o Anti-Apartheid Movend torture in South Africa. vigil,when a mastpiciket section, AUEW ITASS), joined the Standing Conference, Liberation, ment 89 Charlotte St London Wi, On May 17, the opening day of organised jointly with the Namibia picket line on Friday May 21. African National Congress of South tel 01-580 5311. e vigil, campaign supporters Support Committee demanded The vigil will be held everyday Africa, London District Communist SA TIS Emergency Petition forms olecting signatures from passers-by clemency for Aaron Mushimh and until South Africa Freedom Day Party, University College London and emergency campaign poster r SATIS's Emergency Petition Hendrik Shikongo, the two SWAPO (June 26) when the Emergency Students Union and local anti- - Stop Police Brutality, Torture ire joined by Labour MP Frank Ieders condemned to death by the Petition-ciling for an end to apartheid groups in West London, and Murder in South Africa and aolay, Charles Clarke, President of illegal South African administration police brutality and torture and the East London, Camden, Greenwich, Namibia- pricelop,availableUS,GordonMcLennan,General inNamibia. releaseofallSouth African and Barnet and Haringey. from SA TIS. cretary of the Communist Party, On Tuesday the vigil was manned Nmibian olitical prisoners-wi atanzim a ren charged under Terrorism Act feathers TEN of the unknown number of Ndebele(40)andZakhele Supr peoplacletainedinNatalinthelast Mdlalose(51). ofev few months were brought to court Joseph Nduli (35) and Cleopes tortu in Pietermaritzburg on May 14 on Ndhiovu (42)-the two men kid- S charges under the Terrorism Act. napped in Swaziland-face additional that Their trial is scheduled to openon chargesofhavingreceivedmilitary whetJuly12, andpoliticaltraining overseasand after Atleast50peoplehasebeen insideSouthAfrica. anotl detained since December and most All the manuare eleged to e haew are still in police custody. There members of the African National T1 Is evidence that manyof themhave Congress and areaccused of deti been savagelytortured, havingsent or received messages she Twooftheaccusedwere fromANCrepresentativesin bruis abducted from Swaziland and Swaziland, received subversive brot forcibly taken into South Africa on literature from Swaziland and her h or around March 24. distributed or studied it. At Eightoftheaccusedhavebeen Theyweredetainedin Lont charged on two counts of parti- connection with the same case as Ntit cipating in terrorist activities. Joseph Mdluli, who died after being of ho They are: Themba Harry Gwala assaulted by Security Police on Ndhl (55), William Khanyile (40),AntonMarch19. Swaz Xaba(42),JohnNave(32). Thewifeofanotherofthe Secur VusumuziMpgubane(32), detainees,HaroldMnxasana,has An Matthews Meyiwa (51), Azaria applied to the South African descr THE South African Government has proposed two major pieces of legislation which extend its already draconian -powers to suppress all opposition to apartheid. The Promotion of State Security Bill-the 'SS' Bill-extends all the major existing security laws and also introduces several new methods of repression. * The bill apparently enables the Minister of Justice to order the imprisonment without trial for a year of anybody whom he considers a threat to the security of the state. The power differs from the present provision of the Terrorism Act which enables the Minister to detain people indefinitely without trial in that, in theory at least, a detainee under the Terrorism Act can expect to be charged, called as a witness, or released. Under the new law, the prisoner will have no prospect of appearance in court, and 'will just serve the 'sentence' imposedtupon him by the Minister. The clause will replace existing powers which enable the Minister to detain convicted political prisoners indefinitely after the completion of their sentence and is especially sinister as many political prisoners are due for release this year. I It empowers the Minister to order the detention of witnesses in political trielg for up to six months or until the end of the trial in which they are involved. 4 It provides for judicial review of the position of detainees by @ review copunittee whiph, .- eme Court for an investigation idence that he has been ired by Security Police. he says that police told her they had killed her husband she tried to make enquiries being told by a friend that her policeman had said that as now paralysed. is neighbour of another nee-a woman-has said that mw her with her face badly ad when Security Police ght her home on a dearch of ouse. ta press conference held in Ion on May 13, the African onal Congress released evidence w Joseph Nduli and Cleopes ovu hod been abducted from iland by South African ity Police. ANC representative ibed how their car was found -,would investigate each case of detention every six months. But the Minister would be under no obligation to accept its recommendations. The main purpose of the clause is to provide a facade of legality to practices which undermine the rule of law. * It enables the Minister to prohibit publications if they are 'calculated to endanger the security of the State or the maintenance of public order'-possibly even b6fore they have been poblished. It empowers the AttorneyGeneral to issue sn order preventing the release on bail of anybody charged with an offence under the security laws. * It extends all the powers of the Minister of Justice inder the 1950 Syppressilori of, abandoned one mile from the South Africa-Swaziland border on March 24. The ANC said that it had no doubt that many of those detained in the latest wave of arrests in South Africa were being tortured. It called on the international ,community to condemn the detentions and demand the immediate release of all those detained without trial. It also called for the unconditional release of all South African political prisoners and for an independent inquiry into the death of Joseph Mdluli, the treatment of Harold Mnxasana and other politic detainees. It asked for support for the Swaziland Government in its demand that the Vorster regime return the men kidnapped by its Security Police to Swaziland. moury Communism Act to a wider category of people defined as endangering 'the security of the State or maintenance of public order'. 0 It extends the-Riotous Assemblies Act to Namibia. this would make illegal protests such as the recnt demonstrations against the trial and death sentencesa imposed on two SWAPO leaders and against the constitutional talks. The second new security measure -the Parliamentary Internal Securit Commission Act-establihes a permanent commission of inquiry into matters of. internal security. The commission will probably prepare the ground for the executiv -to use its new powers under the 'SS' Bill to ban or imprison people without any reference to the courts. his nest in Transkei THE 'Chief'Minister"of the Transkei Bantustan, Kaiser Matanzima, has saidthat heihs never specifically called for the release of African Nationsl Congress leader Nelson Mandela. Mandela has now served 12 years of his life sentence on Robben Island. He attacked Mandela, saying: 'W6 is Nelson Mandela to take over from me? He has never been a leader in the Transkei and people here do not recognise him as their leader.' Earlier Matanzima tried.to curry African support by posing as a champion of political prisoners and asked the Minister of Justice for a amnest y-but only for prisoners designated as belonging to the Transkei. White farms ceded to the Transkei as part of the Vorster Government's shop-window policy of land consolidation in the Bantustan are to become the personal property of Kaiser Matanzima and four other pro-Government chiefs. The Transkei Assembly passed a resolution in April enabling the stooge administration to make further grants of prosperous- white farms-bought at government expense-to its supp"'.rs. Organise to fight stooges : ANC call THE African Nationat Congress of South Africa's underground newsetter Amandla-Mata has called on blacks to speak out against Bantustans and all dummy institutions. It tells people to organise protest meetings against the rising cost of living, to build unity and solidarity among people and to organise trade upiqns to fight for Workers' rights- da so th co fo NI Vorster adds 'SS' Bill to his ar

'No amount of torture can halt the people's struggle' Namibians to hang for beliefs AARON Mushimba, SWAPO's National Organiser in Namibia, and Hendrik Shikongo were sentenced to death by a South African court sitting illegally in occupied Namrbia _on May 12. At the same time two young women, Rauna Nambinga and Anna Ngalhondja, also members of SWAPO, were given seven and five year prison sentences. The main charge on which the four were convicted, under the Terrorism Act, was that they had 'endangered the maintenance of law and order' by 'aiding people who had taken part in terrorist activities'. The prosecution failed to produce evidence on an alternative charge that they had ,themselves engaged in 'terrorist' activities. Specifically, Aaron Mushimba's only 'crime' was that he was found guilty of buying a landrover and handing it to another man, Victor Nkandi, for the use of people who 'intended to-overthrow the Administration of South West Africa by violence'. Hendrik Shikongo was found guilty of transporting unidentified '.men to a bottle store near Ondangwa in northern Namibia, after which the men were alleged to have shot and killed the stooge Chief Minister of the Ovambo Bantustan, Chief Filemon Elifes. Rauna Nambinga and Anna Ngaihondjwu, both nurses living in northern Namibia, were convicted of handing over money for use by people whose intention was the 'violent overthrowof the South West African administration'., They were said to have crossed the border into Angola and to have contacted SWAPO guerrillas there. Another nurse, Naimi Nombowa. and Andreas Nangolo were discharged, after spending many months in detention, because the judge said there was insufficient evidence against them. Before he handed out the death sentences the judge-Mr Justice Strydom-allowed evidence to be heard from two members of the South African Security Police Colonel William Schoon-one of the men said by former SWAPO detainee Reuben Hauwanga to have brutally tortured SWAPO detainees -gave evidence of 59 incidents which he said involved SWAPO guerrillas, which had taken place since July tG75. The accused were arrested last August, so most of the incidents took place while they were being held in detention. The judge also heard evidence frqm another policeman, Colonel Coetzee, about the shooting of four members of white farming families last December and January-agaln after the SWAPO leaders had been arrested. In passing ientence Justice Strydom said openly that he was basing his judgment on these attacks, in which Aaron Mushimba and Hendrik Shikongo could not possibly have been involved. During the trial horrifying accounts were given of torture practised on the several hundred SWAPO members arrested with Aaron Mushimba and Hendrik Shikongo in August last year. Many of these people are still in detention with no prospect of early release. Witnesses said that they and others had been subjected to electric shock torture, hung by their wrists from the ceiling for days on end, Aaron Mushimb beaten, deprived of food and sleep, and held in solitary confinement. In spite of this treatment some witnesses refused to give evidence. The death sentences are one more instrument being used by the illegal South African arhministration in Namibia in the campaign 6f terror through which it is trying to break SWAPO. This campaign is one side of South Africa's strategy for main- taining its illegal occupation-the other is the tribal talks on a 'constitution' which'bre still going on in Windhoek, in which SWAPO has steadfastly refused to participate. Lawyers for the two condemned __snen are now petitioning South Africa's Ckief Justice for leave to appeal against sentence, after leave to appeal was refused by the judge in the case. If thet is refused their only recourse will be to petition the State President for clemency, In London SWAPO representative Peter Katjavivi has told how he received a telephone message from a SWAPO member who was detained 'with Aaron Mushimba and Hendrik Shikongo. Their morale, he said, was high and they were determined to remain firm in their demand for unity and independence for their country until the day they died, A SWAPO statement says: 'No amount of South African torture and intimidation can halt the progress of the Namibian people's struggle. Mushimba and Shikongo in their death cells are more than ever committed to the cause of Namibian freedom,' New security measures for white farmers in Namibia THE leader of the Nationalist Party in Namibia, A H du Plessis, declared recently that 'those of.us who know the terrain in th; north will know that it is physically impossible to put an end to the infiltration of terrorists into the country. We will uyse to prepare ourselves for that'. Namibia's whites, particularly the 5 200 strong farming community, are taking his warning very seriously The white South West African Agricultural Union (SWALU) recently applied to the authorities for financial aijI to erect security fencing around farm premises. Many farmers in northern and central Namibia have already equipped their homes with obser,vation towers, high wire fences and alari systems. One company in Namibia, Loss Control (Pty) Ltd, has developed a form of fence alarm system, employing high quality inertia sensors which react to anyone 'Reprieve THE Southern Africa Action Coalition (SAACI held a weekend conference on Southern Africa in Vancouver, May 15-16. Speakers included Bishop Richard Wood, the exiled Bishop of Damaraland JNamibia), SWAPO's ritpresentative at the UN, Tulinane Emvula, and ZAPU representative, Kalistus Ndlovu. SAAC is planning to launch a campaign for the release of political attempting to climb or cut through being'removed from a 1 000 km a perimeter fence. According to stretch of the border with Angola, British press reports, mercenaries to create a depopulated 'free fire' have been sent out to Namibia to zone 1 km deep. Movement across serve as security guards on private the borderisbeingbroughttoafarme, completehalt,withtheexception Precautions taken by the army of a single civilian check-point at and police-who have recently been Ruacana, coming under heavy fire from the The massive build-up of South whites for their failure to catch African troops and equipment 'terrorists' quickly enough-include throughout the country is, if the issue of advice on how to deal anything, being stepped up even with guerrilla attacks and appeals further, while the local press in to farmers to join the Defence Windhoek have been told, in a Forcecommandos 'friendly'mannerand'bythe Commerce and industryare highest authority', to stop also making their contribution to publishing reports of guereilla, national security. A group of activity in the north. prominent Windhoek businessmen One person who should sleep have set up the 'South-West Africa more soundly in the knowledge Anti-TerrorismPund', to pay out that all these precautions are being rewards of 50 000 rand and up- taken is Sir John Killick, Britain's, wards for information leading to ambassador to NATO. He and the arrest and conviction of his South African wife own a 'terrorists'. largefarminNamibiaclosetothe Meanwhile, in thenorthern Angolan border. "operational area', civilians are SWAPO leaders' prisoners in Southern Africa and to raise funds for political refugees, following the success of the conferente. It has also decided to hold a series of lectures on the Southern African situation. The day before the conference Bishop Richard Wood spoke at a well-attended public meeting in Vancouver's Christchurch Cathedral. The meeting was one of a series at which Bishop Wood spoke all over Canada, asking Canadians to demand clemency for Aaron Mushimba and Hendrik Shikongo, the two SWAPO leaders condemne to death in Namibia. Among the organisations represented on SAAC are Vancouver LabourCouncil, Anglican Church, Society of Friends, Oxfarn, UNA and the British Columbia Peace ouncil. d Call for big increase in funds for prisoners AN appeal to the world to break Delegates to the conference humanitarian needs,and stirring all forms of military and economic heard reports from IDAF Commit- the conscience of the world collaboration with apartheid South tees in 8 countries and discussed The conference discussed the Africa was made by Canon Collins, the Fund's work in providing increasing repression in all parts of President of the International support to political prisoners and Southern Africa and stressed the Defence and Aid Fund, at the detainees in Southern Africa and need for vastlyincreased contribuFund's annual conference held in their dependants,providingthe tionstothe work of the organisaAmssterdam,,Mg,48-9, liberationmovementsWillstheir, .tinn. SWAPO opposes EEC 'fact-finding mission' SWAPO han written to Foreign Secretary Anthony Crosland expressing concern about a projected EEC 'fact-finding mission' to Namibia. The mission has been proposed by Britain and-according to the West German Foreign Minister, Hans- Dietrich Genscher- its task will be to discuss with the South Africar athorities and 'relevant population groups' possibilities for the early independence of Namibia. SWAPO's letter draws the British Foreign Secretary's attention to South Africa's obligation, under the UN Security Council resolution passed in January this year, to leave Namibia by August 30. But it says that the mission's reported terms of reference seem to place it in the framework of South African Bantustan-oriented policies, 'Our experience in the past has been that the South African Government has used such missions to further its own ends. Our people have no faith in visits of this sort,' the letter goes on, SWAPO has also written to the ambassadors of EEC countries in London, the President of the European Commission, and the Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the Commission, emphasisingthat Security Council resolution 385 should 'form the basis for action by any country or group of countries with regard to Namibia'. Botswana condemns talks BOTSWANA's President Seretse organise constitutional conferences Khama has called for an end to for other countries while not South Africa's illegal occupation of solving its own race problems. Namibia and condemned the current He said that the 'constitutional tribal talks Initiated by the Vorster conference' in Natndbia was stageGovernment. named by an illegal authority and At the annual conference of that the Namibian people should be Botswana's ruling Democratic Party allowed to decide their own future. he said that Pretoria had no right to Labour MP hits at Namibia uranium deal AN attack on Rio Tinto Zinc's contract with the UK Atomic Energy Authority for the supply of uranium from Namibia was made by Labour MP Jo Richardson at a press conference called before RTZ's annual shareholders meeting on May 19. She said that the Labour Party's NEC had already urged the Government to cancel the contract. At the press conference, organised by the Haslemere Group, SWAPO representative Peter Katjavivi warned that RTZ's mine at Rossing could be a target for military attack, 'If RTZ is going to continue collaborating with South Africa we cannot rule out the possibility of attack. Itis not something to be decided lightly but our tactics are military. We are at war,' he said. At the shareholders' meeting, RTZ chairman Sir Mark Turner disclosed that 2 000 Africans were employed on a contract labour basis at the mine. He said that their wages could not be revealed because they were employed by contractors.

SA rail link attacked THE Smith regime, under increasingly effective pressure *from the Zimbabwean guerrilla forces, is being driven to take more and more desperate security precautions. it is now clear that the war of liberation is being waged on three fronts: in the north-east, where the regime mounted 'Operation Hurricane' in December 1972; the south-east, recently split into two military zones by the security forces and code-named 'Operation Thrasher' and 'Operation Repulse'; and the northern and western borders with Zambia and Botswana. Attacks have been mounted against both of Rhodesia's remaining rail links with South Africa. On Easter Sunday, locomotives and rolling stock were derailed by explosives placed on the direct rail link via Rutenga and Beit Bridge. The incident in which three South African tourists were killed took place at around the same time and very close by. There is some evidence that the motor cyclists, who were wearing allenclosing helmets, were mistaken for Rhodesian policemen. The 'Solidarity with Zimbabwe' programme, regularly broadcast on Maputo radio, subsequently commented that although it was not the policy of the Zimbabwe freedom fighters to kill civilians, it was difficult to avoid civilian casualties in a war. Since that time, more trains have been fired on and a successful operation mounted against the alternative rail link through Botswana, at a point close to Rhodesia's western border On May 7, a spokesman for the regime announced thata launch belonging to the Central Africa Power Corporation on Lake Kariba had been fired on from the Zambian side. A vehicle with about six uniformed men, who were not identified, had appeared on the Zambian shore. Few press reports have given recent totals for the number of Rhodesian servicemen andpolice reservists killed since the present guerrilla campaigns got under way at the beginning of the year. Official Security Force communiques admit to at least 30 men being 'killed in action', at least 13 more killed in 'shooting accidents in the operational area', Including the 'accidental' deaths reveals a 'kill ratio' which is far below the 8 or even 10 to I claimed by the regime; even on the basis of the regime's own figures for guerrilla deaths, it is less than 5 guerrillas for every Rhodesian serviceman killed. In the eastern part of the country a system of military convoys for civilian traffic has been introduced on the main road south of Umtali through the Sabi Valley, and on the Victoria-Belt Bridge road. Night travel is frowned on by the authorities, and police road blocks are in evidence on the approaches to all main towns. On April 3, Maputo radio broadcast the first military commu- nique issued bythe Zimbabwe among Smith's troops, freedom fighters. It detailed a It also reported that in the series of engagements between Mtoko area of north-eastern guerrillas and security forces over Rhodesia, the security forces had the first three months of the year, stopped moving around in motorised and confirmed the existence of vehicles and now used helicopters or British and Portuguese mercenaries horses. Guerrilla sentenced to hang PONIASShava, a 19 yearold bilityof statements madebythe freedom fighter from the C6ncegion accused, on the grounds that they area of Rhodesia, was sentenced to had been obtained by the police death by the Salisbury High Court under duress. on May 3, after pleading notguilty Shavehadbeentoldthathetochargesofmurder wouldbeshot or hanged if he did He was alleged to have been a not tell the 'truth'. He had also member of a group responsible for been beaten up by the security the deaths during armed guerrilla forces before being handed over to attacks of an acting chief in the the police, Chiweshe Tribal Trust Land and a Meanwhile, the regime has white farmer inthe Umvukwes announced that extra 'bush courts' area, aretobesetupintheoperational During the course of the hearing, areas to deal with the 'back-log' of the Defence challenged the admissi- cases of captured freedom fighters. Hot pursuit 'normal policy' IN A tough-talking speech on May 1, active territorial force units of the the Commander of the Rhodesian Army, Air Force, policeand Army, Lieutenant-General Peter Internal Affairs were told that from Walls, announced a change in now on theywould bhe called up on strategy from 'contain and hold' to a continuous basis, the offensive, He made it clear that Less than a week later, it was hot pursuit across Rhodesia's confirmed that the period of borders would now be normal compulsorynational service for policy, non-African men was being The cost of theSmith regime's " increased from 12 to 18 months, increasingly aggressive attitude with immediate effect. ln towards its political opponents is a addition, the army's recruiting massive extension of existing call-up staff are rescreening men pIrevi6usly requirements. On the same day as graded as medically unfit for Walls' blustering pronouncements, military service. DPP refuses to act on mercenaries THE Attorney General, Sam Silkin, has said that the Director of Public Prosecutions has decided not to prosecute the Sunday People or the Newt of the World for carrying advertisements for mercenaries to fight in Rhodesia., In reply to a Parliamentary question from Bob Hughes MP, the Attorney General said that the DPP had concluded that there was no evidence presently available to support a prosecution under the sanctions order against anyone within the jurisdiction of the British courts. The advertisements were placed by an agency calling itself Southern Placement Services with an address in Johannesburg. They asked: 'Have you recently served as a member of any Army, Naval, Air or Police Force or Prison Service..,?' and went on: 'If so and you are interested in a similar type career in Southern Africa.,complete this coupon.' Section 14 of the Rhodesian Sanctions Order makes it an offence to publish any advertisement encouraging people to travel to or work in Rhodesia. But this is qualified by a later section of the Order which states that anyone publishing such an ad is only liable to prosecution if they could 'with reasonable diligence' have ascertained what the advertise, ment was really for. Bob Hughes is now planning to introduce a Bill titled 'The Recruitment of Mercenaries Prohibition Bill' on June 15, under the House of Commons 10-minute rule, which will delete the 'reasonable diligence' clause. However, in reply to a further question to the Foreign Secretary, Minister of State Ted Rowlands said that in February the Foreign Office did write to the Newspaper Proprietors' Association asking it to bring the need to examine the background to such advertisements to the attention of its members. The letter said: 'It is possible doing so successfully can be minimised if British publishers are informed of their methods and are alert to the importance of scrutinising closely, and if need be making enquiries regarding, proposed advertisements related to employment in Southern Africa One source of names is the army magazine The Soldier. An employee of the magazine received recruitment papers-but he is 66 years old and left the armyin 1945. According to an ex-Agolan mercenary, attempts are also being made to recruit serving British army personnel on a more systematic basis. He told an Observer reporter that a team of six recruiters has been visiting barracks in Northern Ireland and that they had also visited barracks in Colchester and Tidworth Hesaid that an England-based recruiting organisation was offering soldiers funds to buy themselves out of the Armyand promising them £250 a week as mercenaries * As a result of the alleaations* that Southern Placement Services, which are couched in similarly Labour MP Gwilym Roberts is or anotherorganisationmayirI generalterms.' toasktheMinister of Defence, the future again seek to circum- Press exposes have shown that Roy Mason, what evidence there is vent sanctions by carefully the Smith regime is compiling lists that soldiers are buying themselves worded advertisements designed to of soldiers and ex-soldiers from out of the British Army so that deceive British publishers, miscellaneous sources and sending they canjoin up in Rhodesia. 'However, the chances of their them recruitment brochures. NZ bans sale of aircraft to Rhodesia THE New Zealand Government has banned the export of 14 air trainer aircraft whose ultimaterdestination was Rhodesia., The action came after a sustained campaign by CARE iCitizens Association for Racial Equality) and the refusal by the Northern Truck Drivers Union to move the planes. The aircraft were CT4s-a military aircraft which can easily be adapted for counter-insurgency purposes and used against guerrilla ground forces, The company involved, Aerospace Industries, claimed that the planes were being sold to' a Swiss firm, Breco Trading Company, and that they were intended for a flying school to train pilots for the Middle East. But after seeing press reports that CT4 trainers were to be bought by the Rhodesian airforce CARE urged the New Zealand Government to undertake a full investigation into the deal. Subsequently the Government found that the competent Swiss authorities had received no application for the import of 14 New Zealand aircraft. New Zealand's Minister of Overseas Trade, Brian TalIboys, said that his Government had a clear cut obligation to prevent the supply of any goods to Rhodesia and that it could not give permission for the export of the aircraft until convincing proof was supplied that their final destipatiorswas some place other than Rhodesia. Britain must name Smith as murderer PRIME Minister Callagban must state that the execution of freedom fighters by the illegal Smith regime is murder-and that those involved will be held responsible for murder, declared the Anti.Apartheid Movement's Hon Secretary Abdul Minty at a public meeting on Zimbabwe held in London on May 12. The meeting--attended by around 300 people-was organised by AAM. Abdul Minty bitterly condemned the British Government's refusal to make any public statement on the executions: it show~d, ha said, that the Government considered the lives of Africans expendable. He said that war was developing in Southern Africa on a scale that would peqbably engulf the whole of the continent-but that whether this happened depended ad the scale of the assistance which wa given to South Africa by the West. Earlier the National Front made an organised attempt to disrupt the meeting by shouting, stamping and hand-clapping. Stewards removed NF members from the hall and they were eventually ejected frtm the building by police. Just before the meeting, news came through that SWAPO leaders Aaron Meshimba and Hendrik Shikongu had been sentenced to death under the Terrorism Act in Namibia, and that two women, Rauna Nambinga and Anne NgaihondJwa, whowere tried with them, had beenmsentenced to seven and five year gaol sentences. Peter Katjavivi, SWAPO representative in Western Europe, called for massive international protests to save their lives. Elliott Kendall, Director of the British Council of Churches Commanity and Race Relations Unit, protested against the repressive activities of the Smith regime. He outlined the security legislation passed by the regime since UDI pnd described it as a 'crime against humanity'. Judith Hart MP argued that the situation in Southern Africa must be recognised as 'a new war in the world'. She called for a campaign to maximise assistance to Mozambique in its implementation of sanctions against Rhodesia. The meeting was chaired by AAM Vice-Chairman Bob Hughes MP. 'Crisis in Rhodesia' circulated by unions THE Anti-Apartheid Movement's leaflet 'Crisis in Rhodesia' has been widely distributed by trade unions, commqnity relations councils, Constituency Labour Parties and anti-apartheid local groups. Trade union organisations which have circulated the leaflet include Manchester, Warrington and Southwark Trades Councils, the shopworkers union USDAW, and the Society of Post Office Executives (SPOE). Reading, Huddersfield and Peterborough Community Relations Councils have also distributed the leaflet, as well as the London Co- op's Political Committee, the British Peace Committee and the Tory Reform Group. A SERVICE CAREER IN THE SUN Have you recently served or Prison Serice or are. as a cnrber of anyA.my, likelyto become redundant Naval, Air oir Police Force from such service in the future?

Delegates shocked into action at AAM conference 'Women's fight part of liberation struggle' A determination to increase public awareness of the conditions of life for women under apartheid grew strongly during the Anti-Apartheid Movement's successful confer-ence on 'Women Under partheid' held in London on turday April 24. - Almost 160 delegates and individuals heard Dulcie September, a former South African political prisoner, set the tone of the conference by calling for 'moral and material support for those fighting apartheid'. The most constructive feature of the meeting-the first one-day event of its kind-was the number of national and women's organisations represented, many of which had never previously been associated with anti- apartheio campaigns, and the marked enthusiasm of delegates to take up Dulcie's call. Dulcie September and Joyce Sikakane, another former South, African political Prisoner, both gave personal accounts of life under apartheid and of the part played by women in the struggle against a poll'tical iystem which deprives them of their most basic rights as women and as human beings. Their searing stories described facts of South African life of which many delegates were hardly aware and convinced the conference of the need for British women to campaign as intensively as they can in support of the South African women's struggle. The afternoon forum 'The Campaign in Britain' produced a lively debate and many ideas and suggestions for future activity. AAM was urged to spread the factual information provided by the South African women as widely as possible. Many delegates said that, armed with comprehensive information, a 'big noise' against apartheid could be made by the women-of this countrv. This was the theme adopted by Margaret Jackson MP, Under Secretary of State for Education, one of the panel of speakers who led the discussion. She believed that, politically, the arguments against apartheid .had 'got through' to the majority of people-but that simple, factual presentations of life under apartheid would be effective in encouraging people to identify. with apartheid's victims. - From the trade union movement Judith Hunt, National Women's Organiser of AUEW(TASS), said that her union had always had a particular concern for South Africa. This has been given momentum because of Dave Kitson, a TASS member serving 20 years in a Vorster gaol. Judith Hunt also spoke of the role of multi-national corporations in upholding theapartheid system Poster from AAM 89 Charlotte St London WI - price lop the nature of foreign investment and the obscene profits being made on the backs of oppressed South African workers. Penny Cooper of the NUS Execu. tive described the big role played by NUS in educating and campaigning an rrni. And .-d ek LETTRS~ Soviet backing for MPLA HAROLD Smith would be well - advised to read a letter before replying to it. He declares that if Francis Prideaux and I 'believe that Russian will intervene anywhere except in self-interest and the extension of their influence, well, they will believe anything'. If Mr Smith takes another look at my previous letter he will see that, after condemning certain actions of the Soviet Government, I expressel the view.that 'if, however, the Soviet Union-from whatever motives- supports the right side in Southern Africa, then I wholeheartedly applaud'. If the available evidence suggests that the FN LA and UNITA were serving the interests of those wishing to ,preserve the Southern African status quo while the MPLA is a genuine liberation movement, then logically we were bound to welcome Soviet and Cuban support for that movement. Does Mr Smith suppose that in the absence of Soviet and Cuban intervention South African armed forces would not have crushed the MPLA and set back the anti-apartheid cause by at least a decade? Does he suppose that the sharp, sodden about-turn in US policy towards Southern Africa; as expressed in Kissinger's remarkable speech in Lusaka, is completely unrelated to the Soviet success in Angola? If Mr Smith believes that, well, he will believe anything. Yours Peter Jones Israel and South Africa VORSTER's recient visit to Israel and the increasing trade and military ties only serve to reinforce the parallels that have been drawo between the two 66ntries. Israel's protests at her condemnation by the United Nations, equating Zionism with racism, ring hollow when she is allying herself with South Africa and itsneo-Nazi regime and providing arms to be used against the black people in their struggle for liberation. The irreparable harm done by this unholy association with South Africa makes nonsense of her constant reminder to the rest of the world of her history of persecution and extermination, the main result of which is her justification for the establishment of the state of Israel. Yours Abe Hayeem Pictures by Andrew Wiard (Report) to be stocked in public libraries. 'It is up to us to see that these kind of books are kept,' she said. In the final speech of the conference, AAM Hon Secretary Abdul Minty stressed that the armed struggle was now the only way forward for the Southern African liberation movements and that this struggle was entering a crucial phase. The week before, South African tourists had been killed near Rhodesia's border with South Africa and 1 000 miles away SWAPO (South West Africa Peoples Organisation) had stepped up its offensive. These were not just sporaoc attacks but Dulcie'septembe JossyeSakakanse partofadeliberatestrategyaimed importance of involving the women's Methodist Church Overseas Division, at pinning down the enemy forces. movement in AAM's work. What who also chaired the njeeting in the At the same time it had become women wanted to achieve in this absence through illness of Councillor clear that Western countries were country should be linked to the- JaneyBudan. givingcontinualmilitarysupportto struggles of women in other parts, She said that the Christian chur- the regime in Pretoria in spite of the of the world, ches must n-zt be discounted in the UN arms embargo. From ten years' expereince as struggle-'in fact we have perhaps Opponents of apartheid, Abdul former AAM Executive Secretary, the largest platfotm to reach women Minty said, must react with the Ethel deKeysersaidit wasdifficult in this country'. urgencythat thesituation required to comprehend the sheer scale of It was blasphemy that,-in the and must spread a sense of urgency oppression in South Africa and the name of Christian civilisation, the among others. courage to stand up to it. oppression ofapartheid wasbeing Summingisp themeeting; Pauline She welcomed the involvement perpetrated. 'We should howl out Webb saidthat inonesenseit was a of the women's movement, but at what is being done in our name.' depressing experience because of pointed out the contradiction that The churches had great resources, the immensity of the suffering existed-'that the women's struggle in their premises, their money and which had been described. But in South Africa is part of the overall their people, and these could be she said that she would also go away struggle for liberation.' used. withafeelingofelationbecauseof Ethel dv Keyser urged delegates Among speakers from the floor, the sense of solidarity and of being from Constituency -Labour Parties a delegate from Northampton on the winning side. 'Nothing can to work strenuously. 'We have to Labour Women's Council said she stop an idea,' she declared, 'when its, push in Parliament and the ground- had learnt a lot from the conference hour has come. swell has to arise at constituency and would return home to make a A set of papers published for the level.' bignoiseaboutit. o Pressure for the resources of the A librarian stressed the need for conference is available from churches to be thrown fully behind books like Hilda Bernstein's 'For AAM, 89 Charlotte St, London anti- apartheid campaigns came from Their Triumphs and For Their Tears' WIP 2D0 Price 20p'(incl postage) Pauline Webb, Secretary of the African- states condemn Israel's alliance with apartheid ZAMBIANPresidentKenneth CongressandtheOAU. politicalaidarmamentsfields. KaundaandMozambique's The African National Congress We have no doubt this will also President Smore Machel have of South Africa has described include atomic cooperation fur jointly condemned the recent pact Vorster's visit to Israel as 'the high- the purpose-of war against . between South Africa and Israel as light of a long-standing development neighbouring states and confron 'a racist-fascist alliance directed at of cooperation', tationwiththe national liberation continued domination and oppres- It says: 'This visit confirms the movements. sion of the people of South Africa closest cooperation in economic, and Palestine'. dhepathasalsoabeno.h Mapam protestonSA pact demned by the Chairmn of the UN Special Committee Against THELondon-based Young Mapam a Nazi sympathiser during Worio Apartheid, Mme Jeanne Martin organiation hft protested to the War II speaks for itself. Cisse, who said: 'The Government Israeli Ambassador against 'In particular,' the organisation of Israel should be informed in no 'Vorster's visit to Israel. In a reso- says, 'we express our revulsion at unpertain terms that Governments lution the group expressed its the obscene and'execrable sight of and peoples opposed to apartheid 'complete opposition' to the visit, Vorster placing a wreath to the and racism cannot condone or and to 'anylinks between Israel memoryof six million dead at Yad ignore its relations with the racist and South Africa which may Vashem.' regime in South Africa in flagrant already be.in existence, or which Young Mapam decided to draw violation of UN resolutions.' will result from this visit', up the resolution at a meeting Atthe UN,statements Itstatesthatit reaffirmsits addressedbyPaulJosephof Barnet protesting against the new alliance total abhorrence of the racist Anti-Apartheid Committee held on were made bythe representatives of regime of South Africa and its May16. Egypt, Sudan, Algeria, Syria, the Prime Minister, whose detention as 'Israel and South Africa' ap 11. Philippines; the'Pan Africanist ICFTU backs fight to topple Smith THE International Confederation of role in helping to maintain Labour Relations Act which FreeTradeUnions(ICFTU)has theSmithregime; setsupindustrycommittees welcomedtheCommonwealth 0 calledfor an end to South with the right tonegotiate initiative to help Mozambique in its Africa's ilegal hold over conditions of service of black decisiontoimplementfullyUN Namibia; 'workerswithouttheir partisanctions against Rhodesia. *expressedsupportforthe cipation. In a statement adopted by a efforts of African workers in The ICFTU Executive Board also meeting of its Executive Board, held South Africa to establish their calls on affiliated organisations to in Luxembourgin March,it owntradeunions; undertake aconcerted antireiteratedthatit could accept no called for pressure on com- emigration campaign to ensure that other solution in Zimbabwe except panies in South Africa which white emigration to South Africa is that of majority rule based on one. * refused to negotiate with stopped, and asks them to approach ran, one vote. Africanunions; their Governments to ask them to The statement- * denounced theproposed draw up a code of conduct for 0 condemned South Africa's amendment to the Bantu, companies investing in-South Africa.' ...... 5 .. . , _I _ ...... (....;. C t

Nmjt plet, Israel and South Africa-the Development of Relations 19671974, by Peter Hellyer. Published by Palestine Action, 103 Gower St, London WC1. Price 20p. THE recent visit made by Prime Minister Vorster to Israel was, interestingly, not the first time a South African Prime Minister had gone to that country. In 1953 Dr Malan was actually the first 'Western' Prime Minister to visit Israel. This is just one of many little-known facts which are conveniently brought together in this 28-page pamphlet. It was originally submitted to the UN Special Committee on Apartheid and was inscribed as an official document of the 1974 UN General Assenlbly. Readers will find a comprehensive catalogue of the growing links between South Africa and Israel since the 1967 war. The material has been culled almost exclusively from press cuttings arid is analysed chronologically. It covers a wide range-from South African Jews volunteering to fight for Israel to special exchange control regulations allowing money to be:sent to Israel, from an Israel Fashion Week through to the arms trade between the two countries. What is less clear is the conclu. sion that the reader might be expected to draw from this assorted evidence. The publishers of the pamphlet, Palestine Action, are explicit: 'The ideology of the settler state of South Africa, based upon the denial of the rights of the South African indigenous opulation, is in our view close to that of the settler state of Israel, based upon denial of the rights of the Palestinians. A philosophy of racialism lies at the root of both states.' No'less forthright is the view of General van den Bergh, head of BOSS in South Africa: 'I went to Israel recently and enjoyed every moment there. I told the Prime Minister when I got back that as long as Israel exists we have a hope. If Israel 'should, God forbid, be destroyed, then South Africa would be in dangerof extinction.' .That kind of argument is apparently commonplace, especially in South Africa, yet it is seldom grounded in logic. It is difficult to believe that South Africa and Israel are materially so dependent on each other, to the exclusion of numerous other Western suppliers, that the fall of one would inevitably cause the other to founder. It seems more likely that a strange kind of metaphysical bond exists In the minds of those in each country who feel most threatened by a hostile environment. Yet this is not a wholly satisfactory explanation either, since it is hard to imagine why Israelis should harbour so much respect and affection for a regime headed by a man interned during the last war as a Nazi sympathiser. To this reviewer at least, there remains a puzzle about the South Africa-israel axis which is not resolved by reading this pamphlet. Rupert Pennant-Rea Southern Africa: The Secret Diplomacy of Detente: South Africa at the Cross Road by Colin Legum. Published by Rex Collings Ltd,£1.00. The Kissinger Study on Southern Africa introduced by B Cohen and MA EI-Khawes. Published by Spokesman Books, £1;25. THESE two excellent books complement each other. The two essays by Colin Legum, which were also published in the composite Africa Contemporary Record, are very good background reading to the present situation in Southern Africa. In the first of the two essays, Colin Legum (writing in January 1975) gives an authoritative outline of how the so-called 'detente' exercise was carried out, and the reasons for it. This essay is bang up to date in its analysis. The second (much longer) essay is a comprehensive survey of South African affairs legal, political, social and foreign relations. Apart from anything else, it shows that 'detente' stops at the border of South Africa and Namibia. In some ways, it might be said that the 'Kissinger Study on Southern-Africa' is now history. The situation since it was written has changed radically, and a significant amount of the information is out of date (though some of it was always sparse). This is not really so. The full text gives an insight into the thinking of the professional civil servants of one of the most powerful nations in the world. This document was no mere academic exercise. In essence, the five options ranged from one of considerably greater association (politically and economically) with the white regimes (option 1) to a limited dissociation from jhe white states (but not the removal of assets) and a greater political support of the African states '(option 4). The introductory essay is interesting in its analyVsis of this study in the context of American national and international policies. It is a pity that they did not also get an expert on Southern Africa to see how the working out of the preferred option 2 (which assumed that black rights would only come with the agreement of whitesi was seen at the operational end. One of the 'operational examples' of option 2 is that the arms embargo would be enforced, 'but with liberal treatment' of dual civil military equip. ment. Thishas happened, and the South African civil (state ownedi airways have bought cargo planes which can easily be used by the military. Spokesman Books are to be congratulated on the publication of the study.. Kees Maxey Racial Discrimination and Repression in Southern Rhodesia, A Legal Study by the International Commission of Jurists. Published by the Catholic Institute for International Relations and the: International Commission of Jurists. Available from AAM. 89 Charlotte St, London W1. Price £1.30. AT a press conference held to launch this report Lord Gardiner, former Lord Justice and UK member of the ICJ, said that because the Smith regime was illegal anyone who became a mercenary in Rhodesia, or organised the movement of mercenaries there would invite a charge of treason. The report is anything but a dry legal document-it sets out the laws which institutionalise racism in Rhodesia and draws on the testimony of victims of the Rhodesian Security Forces, as well as the knowledge of priests and clergy of what is going on in the Tribal Trust Lands'and the 'operatonal areas' to' paint a horrifying picture of the lengths to which the white minority is going in its attempts to hang on to power. It begins by setting out the illegality of the Smith regime under both UK and international law. It then analyses the laws by which racial discrimination is imposed upon the country and the legislation which enables the white minority of 277 000 to keep in subjection the 6 million Africans. The study states: 'The essential areas of discrimination relate to the ownership andoccupation of land, BRAM Fischer wasremembered with honour and pride at a memorial lecture 'held to mark the first anniversary of his death, attended by 125 people in London on.May 13. The lecture-on 'Marxism, Law and Liberty'-was given by John Hostettler. It was organised by the Lawyers Group of the Communist Party. After the lecture Communist Party General Secretary Gordon McLennan gave an address on 'Braim Fischer, Sooth Afric aitd Democracy'. He spoke about so as to ensure the physical separation of the races as far as possible, and the fields of education, labour and political activity, so as to restrict the development of the Africans in such a way as not to threaten the interest of the Whites.' It shows how half the cultivable land is reserved for the tiny white minority, while the Africans are crowded into Tribal Trust Lands in the other half, and into townships and compounds to serve the needs of industry, agriculture and the" services in the white area. It describes the restrictions imposed on the basic freedomsexpression, assembly and the press-and sets out the laws relating to detention and restriction orders, deprivation of citizenship and deportation. It goes on to analyse the 'anti-terrorist' measures which have confirmed Africans in their support for the guerrilla fighters. It shows, for example, how the curfew regulations work in operational areas. In theory the maximum penalty for being out after curfew is two years imprisonment but, says the report: 'In practice the maximum penalty is death, since the security forces hay orders to shoot curfew breakers on sight if they do not respond to an order to halt.' The report quotes the Rhodesian Defence Minister, P K van der Byl: 'As far as I am concerned, the more curfew breakers that are shot the better and the sooner that is realised everywhere the better.' The report also describes conditions in the so-called 'protected villages' in which 'the only persons who are protected from attacks by terrorists are the district officer and his assistanti.' It says that the 'protectd village' system 'has added to the longing of the population to see the ending of white minority rule, and accordingly increased sympathy and support for the guerrilla fighters.' The report criticises in detail the system of detention without trial which gives the executive authority the right tob detain people indefinitely without any control or right of appeal to the courts. It quotes first-hand accounts of the ill-treatment of people held in detention centres and gives details of torture of suspects by security officers. Altogether the report is a powerful indictment of the methods being used by the white minority in*Rhodesia to try to maintain their hold over the country-and the facts contained in it explain, to anyone who still -needs to be convinced, why the Zimbobwean liberation movement considers itself justified in launching an armed struggle for freedom Brain Fischer's life, honouring him especially for his decision to return to South Africa to work underground in the early 1960s after a visit to London, his ability to unite different groups inhe fight for democracy, and his outstanding capacity as a Marxist. The Communist Party Lawyers Group his sai 0 that it will hold a memorial lecture for Bram Fischer every year until his country is free and his memory can be honoured in South Africa itself. REVIEWS Kissinger stands by status quo FOR the time being at least, the US Administration has substituted a velvet glove for the mailed fist which it connived at in Angola in its dealings with Southern Africa. Secretary of State Kissinger's much-heralded major policy speech in Lusaka on April 24 said nothing very new-it mostly just repeated British platitudes on Rhodesia It made a concrete proposal on aid to Mozambique and let Smith know that he could expect no direct support from -the US. On Namibia and on South Africa itself Kissinger stuck to the rhetoric with which Western countries are accustomed to cloak their support for South Africa's continuing illegal occupation of Namibia and for apartheid. He endorsed the tribal talks on Namibia which the Vorster Government has mounted in Windhoek-talks which have been condemned bySWAPO, the OAU and the UN-by saying that he found 'encourahement' in South, Africa's 'decision to move Namibia towards independence'. All he had to say on the evil of apartheid was that: 'White South Africa must recognise that the world will continue to insist that the institutionalised separation ofthe races must end.' In direct contyadiction of all the recent evidence that the Vorster Government is determined to react to all opposi'tion With more and more brutal represstion, he said that there was still time to bring about 'reconciliation' in South Africa-although 'that time was shorter than was generally perceived only a few years ago'. The real import of Kissinger's African tour is clear-the US has opted for trying to bring about a neo- colonialist solution in Zimbabwe, and to do this it is prepared to dabble in the internal politics of the liberation moveents and to attempt'to bribe any future black government with promises of aid. Kissinger said: 'Africans cannot want outsiders seeking to impose solutions or choosing among countries or movements. 'The United States does not seek any pro-American bloc confronting a bloc supporting any other power. Nor do we wish to support one faction of a liberation movement against another.' J But the sting wantin the tail. He went on: 'But neither should any country pursue hegemonial policies or bloc policies. Any attempt by one will inevitably be countered by another.' Events since the Kissinger trip hold osit no encouragement to trust in the Administration's good, faith, even in the limited promises it made. It appears to have beck-tracked on its pledge to repeal the Byrd Amendment and President Ford has shown that he is prepared to use policy on Southern Africa in a panic attempt to improve his prospects of winning his Party's nomination for the Presidency. His hint that he might.be willing to meet Vorster has been quickly picked up in Pretoria--such talks, said Vorster, were 'very necessary' and in the interests of Southern Africa and the whole of the 'free world'. NEW PUBLICATIONS Racial Discrimindtion and Repression in Southern Rhodesia £1 A Legal Study by the International Commission of Jurists Forbidden Pastures-EducationunderApartheid 60p by Freda Troup (IDAF) Rbodesia/Zimhebwe -' 40p Amnesty International Briefing (March 1976) 'Cinilised Standards' in Rhodesia-The Law and Order (Maintenance) Act (IDAF Fact Paper on Southern Africa, No 1-May 1876) 20p The World Against Apartheid-Selected documents on action against apartheid in 1975 jUN Centre Against Apartheid Notes & Documents No 7/76, March 1976) 5p TheSharpeville Massacre of 21 March 1960-Its historic significance in the struggle against apartheid, by David M Sibeko (UN Centre Against Apartheid Notes & Documents No 8/76, March 1976% 5p All above available from AAM, 89 Charlotte St London WtP 2D0 Pleassi dd jbm6§se'tb'btv60a ds when 6tdefihg. . "' Tribute to Bram Fischer

POETRY AND MUSIC FOR AFRICAN LIBERATION Poetry by John Matshikiza LingamMoodley Lewis Nkosi and featuring Drum Call by Lari Williams Music by Jabula 100Club,Oxford Street,LondonW1SundayJuly25 7.30 pm Anti-Apartheid Movement Benefit.Night Tickets £1.50 from AAM 89 Charlotte St London Wi, 01-580 5311 5TH ANNUAL STUDENT CONFERENCE ON SOUTHERN AFRICA July 9-11 1976 Sheffield City College of Education ALL STUDENT ACTIVISTS ARE URGED TO ATTEND THIS CONFERENCE Registration fee: £12 per delegate (inclusive of accommodation/meals) Further information: Anti-Apartheid Movement 89 Charlotte Street London WIP 2DQ Tel 01-580 5311 AN-EVENING IN SOLIDARITY WITH SWAPO SONGS FOR 1 1BERATION with Peggy Seeger and Ewan MacColl Irish traditional music Stoke Newington. Town Hall, N16 Friday July 2 7.30 pm Bar Organised by Namibtfa Support Committee, Tickets £1 from NSC, 21/25 Tabernacle St, London EC2, Tel 588 1878 Haringey Anti-Apartheid Group Social Evening Songs and Poetry by Mayibuye New film on Namibian Liberation Struggle Exhibition:Southern Africa-The Imprisoned Society 24 Southwood Lawn Road, Highgate, London N6 Saturday June 19 7.30 pm Tickets £1.50 from Margaret Ling, 36 Endymion Rd, London N4, Tel 348 6657 (homel, 349 1931 (work) Proceeds to SATIS campaign L Raciat Discrimination and Repression in Southern Rhodesia A Legal Study by the International Commission of Jurists Puablished byC I R and ICJ Price £1.30 AviabetoM 89halteSd tee ttbP1M Save SWAPO Leaders (pOster) 10p Save SWAPO Leaders (postcard) lop A SATIS. c/o AAM, t9 Charlotte St. f London WI. SOUTH AFRICA- LAND SUNSHINE AND PLENTY Leaflet available free from TUC International dept, Congress House, Great Russell St, London WCl or ICFTU, 37-41 rae Montagne aux Herbes Portageres, 1000 Bmssels Belgium CONFERENCE ON RACIALISM SundayJune 13 10 am - 5pm NUFTO Hall, Jockey's Fields, London WC1 (6eiret tube: Holborn) Delegation fee £1.00 for up to four delegates Credentials from Secretary, Conference Against Racialism, LAC, Liberation, 313-315 Caledonian Road, London N1 (01-07 0467) TEMBA THEATRE COMPANY present CALIBAN LIVES by Richard Drain June 8,12 - Nuffield Theatre Southampton June 17, 19 York Arts Centre, York June 22, 24 Leicester Summer Festival July 5, 6 St Paul's Summer Festival, Bristol July 20-24 ICALondon with music by Jabula August 23-Saptember 4 Edinburgh Festival Tembe Theatre Company aims to give expression to black culture in Britain. It is also planning a series of one-night shows in the London area, July 26-August 14. Organisations interested in helping to pat on a performance, contact Tim Albery 01-794 9154 or Alton Kumale 01-370 4169. Bookings: Tim Albery: 19A Lambolle Road LondosnW3.01-794 9154 [JOIN THE ANTI-APARTHEIDMOVEMENT SName -Address- --T e l ...... Minimum membership fee: £3; students/apprentices £2 Overseas: Surface mail/Europe £3; Airmail £6 Affiliation: national organisations, £10; regional organsisations, £5; local organisations, £3 Subscription to AA NEWS: UK and rest of Europa £1.75; I Outside Europe. surface mail £1.75: airmail £3.75 t 8 AM 8-9 Charlotte St., London WIP2D..Tel.580531 I New NUShandbook on Southern Africa Price30p From: NUS Publications, 3 Endslegh St London WCl Tel 01-387 1277 SURREY ANTI-APARTHEID MOVEMENT Jumble Sale - St John's Parochial Church Hall Saturday June 5 (cnr Brighton Road and Earlswood Road, Redhill, Surrey [A231) Doors open 2.30 pm Admission 4p, children and pensioners 2p SUMMER FAIR: to raise funds for Zimbabwean camps in Mozambique. All help-financial, practical- wanted. Saturday June 26 from 11 am. 2 Speedwell Road, Birmingham 5. SANITY, the papr of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) keeps you in touch with the arms race, the threat of war and hopes for peace. £1 a year from CHO, Eastbourne House, Bullards Place, London El OPT. CHALLENGE-monthly paper of the Young Communist League. Price 8p. . Subscription £1.30 for 12 issues. Send to 28 Bedford St, London WC2. PEACE NEWS for non-violent struggles and making alternatives. Information, analysis, strategies for social change. £1.75 for six months subscrhtipon, 50p for trial five issues. from 8 Elm Avenue, Nottingham. LABOUR's independent monthly -LABOUR LEADER-for Socialism and the Labour Party. Annual subscription £1.30. *Send for a sample copy from I LP, 49 Top Moor Side, ,Leeds LS1 I 9LW. PHOTO CRAFT 4 Heath Street London NW3 Photographic dealers and photographers

ArnIAprthed News ArmsE rba-go Special Supplement June 1976 NageT AANEWS UN -Arms Embargo Special Supplement ..'gL I.IUU Iume r s r srelon neosaptrs. Aose rigt: rannera arrnourea Car. jotn are supplied to boulo Arrica Dy -rance. WESTERN countries are visited top secret British six more Hercules aircraft support demandsfor ThedangerSouth Africa supplying South Africa with Defence establishments, and -in spite of the fact that the UN arms embargo - poses to the peace of Africa arms and military equipment in January this year- the South African armed against South Africa to b and the world has been in violationofthe UN arms cataloguesforBritish forces have usedthe mademandatory, recognisedbytheinterembargo. militaryequipmentwere Herculesintheir operations It is also calling for the national community, but In Britain, the Anti- suppliedtotheSouth inNamibiaand-their strict implementation by with the changing situatioApartheid Movement hat- African defence authorities, aggression against Angola. the British Government of in Southern Africa it is nOw exposed fivemajorcontracts Franreisnow South West German tirms have its arms embargo a matter of extreme urgency. for military equipment for Africa's major arms supplier made their nuclear know- In this Special Supple- In June last year moves SouthAfrica's Defence Amongtheweaponsit has howavailabletoSouth ment,theAnti- Apartheid in the UN Security Council Forcerecentlyplacedwith soldt6theSouthAfrican Africa. Movementgivesdetailsof to introduce a mandatory Britishcompanies. DefenceForcearePanhard lpalyisprovidingSouth Western violations of the embargo were vetoed by It has also released secret armoured cars, Super Frelon Africa with counter- arms embargo and outlines Britain, the US and France documents which show that and Alouette helicopters insurgencyaircraft theactionwhichmust be This Special Supplement atop officialoftheSouth Early'thisyearitwas TheAnti-Apartheid taken bythe international has been compiled to African National Institute disclosed that the US is to Movement is calling on the communityto make the inform public opinion about forDefence Research has supplySouth Africa with British Government to efinbargo effective, the issues at stake. AAM calls for mandatory UN arms THE UN arms embargo was that Hercules'aircraft hadbeen matter has also been taken up by ground attack aircraft first imposed bythe Security used bythe South African regime the UN Special Committee These planes are powered by Council in 1963 and it has " to transport troops to Namibia as Against Apartheid. Several Rolls Royce Bristol Viper alwaysbeenconsideredtobe wellastoAngola. Africanstateshavebeehinformed. Mk632-43 engines. The engines oneofthemosteffective OnMarch41976.theState Lastyearitwasrevealedthat areeither supplied by Rolls Royce international measures Department replied: 'The US the BonnGovernment has per- via Italy or sold by Aermacchi imposedagainstthewhite Governmentdoesnotn/iewthe froItalyosouth Africa. regimein South Africa. sale of commercial aircraft to a foTHE UN rmsmbargo The Anti-Ap frtheid Movement Thereisnodoubtthatdespite SouthAfricancommercialcargo T N S r s b een he theFoeig Seet thefactthat Francahas carrier asaviolationofthe US against South Africa has been has asked the Foreign Secretary to telacdBthaiFrn as arrierbarooltic!oviolatedbyallthemajor lookintothismatterand ensure ratplaced Britain as South arms embargo 4)olicy." * |Wasternpowers.Inthis thatRolls Royce stops granting Africa's largest arms supplier On April 23, the Anti-Apartheid article ABDUL MINTY lists sub- licences in such a way as to theembargohascaused Movement delivered aletter to breaches in the embargo and enable South Africa to secure its serious difficulties for the Secretaryof State Kissinger during argues in favour of a engines. Southi African military Pretoria regime. his stopover in London en routeto mandatoryUN arms ban. journals regularly carry advertise-The major weakness ofthe UN Africa, callinguponthe ments for Rolls Royce in Britain embargo is that it is not a mandatory decision of the Security Council and therefore not binding on all countries-it is also somewhat narrow because it leaves certain loopholes such as the transfer of military information and know-how to South Africa. Britain, US and West Germany claim to adhere to the UN embargo but in fact they interpret their obligations so narrowly that a wide range of military equipment is provided from these countries to South Africa. Recent revelations by the Anti-Apertheid Movement have drawn attention to the serious loopholes in the British embargo. The US claims to implement the embargo but in fact permits the sale of a considerable amount of equipment to South Africa. For example, early this year the Anti-Apartheid Movement learnt that Safair - Freighters of South Africa had placed an order for six Lockheed Hercules aircraft We wrote to the Secretary of State in Washington pointing out US Government to act immediately to 'prohibit the sale of the Hercules aircraft as well as other similar equipment to the South Africah regime'. In that letter we also stated: 'We understand that about five years ago the US Government issued a secret directive which permitted the sale of certain items "with a clear and direct application to combat or internal security operations" to South Africa, thus effectively relaxing the US arms embargo policy. We are aware of reports that the National Security Decision Memorandum 61, signed in August 1970, also stated that "such items may be licensed for sale to civilian purchasers for civilian use only", but. not to "military buyers in South Africa". This decision clearly applies to the sale of Lockheed Hercules transport sold to South Africa in the past as well as the current order placed by Safair.' So far tnere has been no response to the, Anti-Apartheid Movement's initiative, but the mitted West German firms to construct the Advokaat Communications System near Simonstown and that it had also collaborated in helping to develop South Africa's nuclear technology. The West German Government claims that the contracts relating to the construction of the Advokat system wyere cpmsnercial transactions between commercial firms and South Africa, and that they did not fall within the embargo. But West Germany, like Britain and the US, has been interpreting its embargo in a narrow way so that the Pretoria regime is able to secure a considerable-amount of equipment. Italy also claims to adhere-to the UN embargo, and yet its role in providing South Africa with counter- insurgency aircraft and other weapons has not received much-public attention. The Impala MkIl is a version of the Aermacchi MB326K-a single seat operational trainer and light Recently South Africa has taken delivery of 40 Italian AM3C aircraft which are useful for tactical support of ground forces and general duties. The plane can carry out a wide range of roles and is described as a trainer and ground attack aircraft. These are some examples of the ways in which certain countries which claim to adhere to the UN arms embargo in fact circumvent it by various sophisticated and devious means. There is no objective difficulty in finding adequate grounds for a mandatory arms embargo-what is lacking is the political wit on the part of the major Western powers. In June 1975, the Security Council considered a resolution which determined South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia to constitute a threat to world peace and called for a mandatory arms embargo: it was vetoed by the three Western permanent members of the Security Council, ', * D espite the~e'difflCulties,'it is embargo important to mount an international campaign to secure an effective arms embargo through the UN. The Security Council should adopt a mandatory resolution which will be comprehensive so as to cover all equipment, know-how and informationvisits and communications of anilitary nature; it should forbid all trade and other links with the defence establishment in South Africa. Once a mandatory decision has been adopted, it will become binding on all members of the UN to implement that resolution fully: most countries would need to enact special legislation similar to what was done with regard to sanctions against Rhodesia. In the light of the growing war situation in Southern Africa and South Africa's increasingly aggressive posture towards neighbouring states, it is imperative that the UN arms embargo be made mandatory so that it becomes binding on all UN member states. To do this the Security Council has to determine that the prevailing situation amounts to a threat to world peace and then Chapter VII of the UN Charter can be made operative. The Rhodesian sanctions programme was adopted in this way and there is no reason why South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia, its support for the Smith regime in Salisbury, its increased military budget and expanded armed forces'and its apartheid policies cannot be considered to constitute a threat to world peace,

AAM reveals big loopholes in UK arms embargo-Vorster get British Government urged t SA gets NATO codes from Defence Ministr) THE Anti-Apartheid Movement has calldd for an urgent review of British Government policy on the implenlentation of the South African arms embargo. It has asked the Government to take immediate steps to stop any further equipment being sent to the Republic, and states that it believes that no British military equipment at all should be supplied to the South African defence establishment. The Movement has sent a memorandum to Prime Minister James Callaghan which details the ways in which the arms embargo is being circumvented In a letter accompanying the memorandum, it asks the Prime Minister to ensure that the orders am cancelled and recalls tt. there has been no response to the AAM's representations to the Foreign & Commowealth Office about individual instances of violations of the embargo. The letter urges the Government to enforce the arms embargo strictly and to take steps to ensure that it is made mandatory through the UN Security Council. It also raises the case of the apparent supply of NATO catalogues to the South African Embassy in London by the Ministry of Defence. The letter says: 'We are informed on good authority that someone who visited the South African Embassy in London during the past four months observed carefully some parcels which seemed to contain NATO catalogues. 'There were seven parcels addressed to the Director General of Management Services, Directorate of Codification and Classification, in Pretoria, and sent from the Ministry of Defence, DCDC, RAF Hallavington, Chippenham, Wilts. 'From this it appears that the Ministry of Defence is providing South Africa with NATO catalogues despite the Government's commitment not to engage in any military collaboration with the Pretoria regime. Whatever the contents of these parcels it is evident that the Ministry of Defence is engaged in providing certain military information to South Africa and itis only by chance that this has come to light. 'The Government has repeatedly denied that there is -any military collaboration between Britain and South Africa, yet this information indicates that the Ministry of Defence has close relations with the South African defence authorities. 'Itappears that officials in the Ministry of Defence have been violating Government policy and we are sure that you will agree that this matter requires immediate investigation at the highest level.' Subsequently, the Minister of Defence, Roy Mason-. said in reply to a question in the House of Commons from Frank Allaun MP on April 29 that British defence equipment catalogues had been supplied to the authorities in Pretoria. His justification was that 'some of the wide range of items in the catalogue are not subject to the embargo on the sale of arms to South Africa'. His reply ignored the fact that the RAF base at Hallavington . deals exclusively with NATO codifications and that they were addressed to the South African Directorate of Codification and Classification, and the suspicion remains that South Africa is being supplied with NATO codes as well as defece catalogoes. Centurion tanks manufactured iq Britain form part of South Africa's Defence Force. Early this year it was revealed that new engines for the tanks ware being exported to South Africa by the Channel Islands firm, Aviation Jersey Ltd Memorandum to Her Majesty's Government 29.4.76 The Operation of the British Arms Embargo IN A memorandumsent to the Prime Minister on April 29 BritishcompaniesbytheSouthAfrican defence establish1976, the Anti-Apartheid Movement lists six loopholes in the ment. The firms include Marconi Ltd, Haler (UK) Ltd,' British arms embargo against South Africa. It also gives Rolls Royce, Martin-Baker Ltd, and Aviation Jersey Ltd. details of current orders for military equipment placed with The following is part of the memorandum., THE United Nations Security . range of British military equipment ponents'; and 'thermoelectric have been prepared much Council first called for an inter- foritsarmed forces, materialsand devices'. better if it was deliberately national arms embargo against ,There are gaping loopholes in Items listed inGroup4 designedso undermine the arms South Africa in 1963, followed by the British arms embargo policy: cover chemicals, and uhder embargo and enable British a stronger resolution adopted in 1 The Export of Goods this section South Africa is firms to participate directly in 1964,withthethenConservative (Control.Order1970Which permittedtoobtainvarious ' assisting South Africa to build Government votingin favour, came into operation on 28 Sep- compoundsandmixtures upits military capability. Implementation of these resolu- tember 1970 prohibits the including 'primaryexplosives 2 A second category are items tions has always been regarded as export of certain specified and priming compositions', of military equipment whicb theminimumactionwhicha goodstoothercountries. Group5dealswithawide requirea licence to be granted government could take to assistin Certain goodslistedin rangeofmineralsand metals, bythe Ministry of Trade. It ending the evil policies of apart- schedule 1 are prohibited for manyof which can be exported has so far been impossible to heid. export but may be sent to any to South Africa even though secure from the Government a The Labour Partyhas been 'port or destinationin she theycan be of usefor militatry list of military equipmeht which committed toimplementingan Commonwealth.theRepublic equipmentand electronic would be refused an export armsembargoagainstSouthAfrica ofIreland,theRepublicof components, licenceto South Africa. It has since1963.IntheOctober1974 SouthAfricaortheUnited Group6dealswith beenjustas difficult to asergeneral election, the Labour Mani- StatesofAmerica'. engineeringproducts which tain how many licences have festo stated: 'By a decision of the It is remarkable that South include items which are parti-, been issued over the years for Government, arms are no longer Africa should be accorded a cularly suited to facilitate the military equipment supplied to being supplied to South Africa.' special status which is apparent- production of aircraft and South Africa. In December1974,theForeign lydeniedtomost western other militaryequipmentby From time-to time, the and CommonwealthSecretary, Mr European countries including thePretoriaregime. Anti- Apartheid Movement has Callaghan, reaffirmed the Govern- members of the EEC and NATO. Group 7 permits the export learnt of specific orders placed ment's commitment to the inter- Among the items listed in of 'trailers and semi-trailers' and by South Africa with British nationalarmsembargoand Group3whichcanbeexported Group8includes'fluoro arms firms and each case has pledged to enforce it strictly, without control to South Africa carbon compounds'; 'fuels for had to be taken up individually This pledge was warrfily welcomed are 'communication, navigation, aircraft engines'; 'hydraulic with HMG. It has always byall the Commonwealth Heads direction finding and- radar fluids'and 'lubricating oils pro ofGovernmentmeetingat equipment';'airborneradar andgreases'. difficulttoobtain the relevant Kingston, Jamaica,in 1175. equipment'; 'ground and A closeanalysis ofthe1970 information in good time. The formal policydeclaration marine radar equipment'; Control Order reveals that the For example, when the news of HMG appears to be in line with certain types of 'electronic list of items which are exempted about Marconi planning to sell the decisions of the UN Security computers'; 'data communica- for export to the designated the Troposcatter system to Council and the -Labour Party tion equipment'; 'electronic countries including South South Africa broke in December Manifesto. However, the way in cathode-ray oscilloscopes'; Africa cover precisely the type .1975, representations made to which the arms embargo is inter- 'valves'; 'magnetomters'; of materials and equipment the Foreign Office on behalf of preted and implemented by HMG 'equipment employing tropo- needed by the Pretoria regime AAM brought the response that makes amockeryofdeclared spheric,ionosphericor todevelop andexp'andits own ithad beenreferred to the British policy since it enables the meteoric scatter phenomena'; internal armaments industry. Ministry of Trade. To date Pretoria regime to obtain a wide 'radio transmitters and com- The Control Order could not World power ROYCE Rolls-Royceenginesarethepower After-sales support includesubsidiary The company is working in association behind aircraft of 219 airlines, 80 armed companies on four continents, 320 service with manufacturers in nine countries on forces and 570 corporate operators. representatives and 75 repair bases design, development and production. Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited.Norfolk HouseSt.James's Square, London SW1Y 4JR. This ad apieared in'Wings, the magazine. of the South African Air Force' there has been n that Ministry an( Marconi claimsit received Governr for its South Air Another exass Hasler (UKi of C involved in provi ISA Ltd witha i switching unit. 1976, Mr Robert in a letter to Prin Callaghan, meri had good reason the unit was in fa for Rhodesia. it is not know this system re( what criteia h granting secs I * what monsori used to eniure equipment dot Rhodesia. 3 A further'ca designed equipm a third countr supplies it telrie The most flgar the embargolint involves RoliiR sub-licensed init Royce to amltali Several years a arrangements, I, engines were ine South African It aircraft. A new genera Impla-the Ml production lnoo powered byRall Bristol Vipe At engines. Theln, version of the A 326K, which is a operational rain ground attack eli advanced combe Representations AAM to HMG at block the loopho enabled the enin provided for the -it appears as if r taken and once at designed engines for the Mkll. The AAM wro . Foreign and Cow Secretary, Anthoi on April 23 1976 'take immediate s that Rolls Royce, pal licence holder .sublicences whic Africa to obtain F engines'. There f response to date. 4 Yet another in of providing Soutl military equipmer via another count example is that of motors made by I Ltd, transported I then exported to This information ; almost a month a been covered exte press-yet there h; response fromthe 5 A glaring violat arms embargocem over engines suppl Aviation Jersey Lt African Centurion official of thefirnm mers, claims tlat" tion we-had with was with-the bimsi Ministry of Defo(

-o-tiuif P...... PpW ..... ets tank, air engines and communications systems to stop all. military aid to SA XI no replyfrom Minister Wilson informed the trVand meanwhile HouseofCommons on 18 amnsthatithas March1976thathe could not overnment approval anticipate any possible th African contract. criminal proceedings and the I example is that of responsibility rested with the ') of Croydon being Government of'the Channel providing Healer Islands,* Enquiries by AAM vithamessage haveso farfailedto establish' init. On 21 April whether the British arms lobert Hughes MP, embargo is in fact implenmented to Prime Minister bythe Channel Islands, There mentioned that he is strong evidence to suggest eason to believe that that British military equipment is in fact destined can be exported to South Africa isa via the Channel Islands without knownwhether anyrestrictionsatall. There em requires a licence has been no further response teia is applied in from HMG or the Government shadt licences ofthe'ChannelIslands. tnitteing system is 6 The South African defence asnure that the authorities relyheavilyon being int does not reach able to obtain the most modern technical information and emecategory is British military know-how. The 1970 qguipeent, licensed to Control Orderdoes not prevent intri, which in turn British firms or defence institutebth Africa. tionsfrom passingonmilitary flagrant violation of information to South Africa. gjoimthis area From the above it is clear that olli Royce engines the British arms embargo policy d Initially by Rolls needs urgent review: the South imltalian firm. African defence authorities are arsg, under these able to secure a wide range of nts, Rolls Royce vital military equipment from this reinstalled in 150 country in order to strengthen its carr Impala Mkf military power and efficiency. In June 1975 the AAM pobieneration of the lished documents which revealed e Mkll-isnowin thatthe NATO codification I is Siouth Africa and system for spares and equipment yRrIls Royce had been provided to South Africa etMk 632-43 andusedtoconstructitsAdvokaat rheimpala Mkll is a communication system. It was theAermacchi MB also disclosed that certain equipoh is an ideal ment for the Advokaut Project I trainer and light was of British origin. a k aircraft With In November 1975 the Foreign ombet capabilities, and Commonwealth Office tions were made by informed the AAM that the MG at the time to equipment in question related to Olph1ole which 'spares such as bulbs and valves engines to be which arein common commerr the Impala Mkl cial use and available from a as if no action was number of sources; they relate to nee again British items of a non-military nature'. gines are to be used It appears thattheBritisharms1. .embargopolicypermitsitems'ofa VI wrote to the new commercial nature' to be-exported I Commonwealth to South Africa even where the lnthony Crosland, equipment is ordered directly by 1976 urging him to the South African Defence iate steps to ensure Ministry. It is also unclear as to :oyce, as the princi- how the distinction is made iolder, revokes all between iterts of a 'commercial which enable South nature' and those of a 'military ,tai Rolls Royce nature'. From what has already here has.been no been mentioned in this document date, it appears as if any equipment her indirdct method which can conceivably be desSouth Africa with cribed as being of a 'commercial ipment is to send it nature' is in fact supplied to country. A recent South Africa without any control. hat of British rocket The AAM believes that these e by Martin-Baker facts warrant an urgent review of fled to France and the British arms embargo policy ad to South Africa. and calls for a full Parliamentary stion became known enquiry into the operation of the nth ago and it has embargo. It calls upon HMG to I extensively in the take immediate steps to: ere has been no i ensure that the British arms mtbe Government embargo is implemented violation of the strictly, and o cameto light athat it gives full support for suppliedby theembargotobemade eyLtd for South mandatorybythe UN Security urion tanks. Council. e firm, J R Chelthat 'Any associa- Further copies of this memoranmithSouth Africa duns are available free from the blessing of the Anti-Apartheid Movement )es ence . Prime 89 Charlotte St London Wi. Marconi sells arms tor use in Namibia Plessey headquarters at Ilford, Essex, which were visited by top South African defence official Dr van Zyl on his arm shopping tour of Europe in 1974 Secret visit by SA official THE Anti-Apartheid Movement has disclosed a secret visit by a top South African defence official to defence establishments in Britain. The official also visited British and other West European arms firms. Documents which have come into the possession of the Movement show that the representative, Dr L L van Zyl, visited the former Royal Radar Establishment at Malvern and the top secret Defence.Operational Analysis Establishment IDOAE) at West Byflat, Surrey, in October 1974. Dr van Zyl is described in the documents as a senior official of the South African National Institute for Defence Research. The Movement has written to Foreign Secretary Anthony Crosland enclosing copies of the documents and asking for an investigation into the visits. In a statement admitting that the visits had taken place, the Ministry of Defence said: 'In of information'-a statement which leaves open the question of whether there have been other visits to'British defence establishments by South African military personnel. The Defence Operational Analysis Establishment-is one of the most secret defence establishments in Britain. It conducts war games and analyses operations and weapons systems choices. No member of the Press has ever been admitted to it. The Royal Radar Establishment -now the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment-does secret work on electronic materials, radar reconnaissance and airborne radar and guided weapons. Before visiting the British defence establishments, Dr van -Zyl travelled to Paris for talks with officials of Thomson Houston CFS, a company specialising in h[gh- power microwave communications, radar and sidiary in Croydon. On October 11 he flew to West Germany for talks wyith a Heidel berg fifm, Eltro Engineering, which produces laser range-finders, homing devices and military electronic equipment. Next day he went on to New York and met representatives of two US companies, the International Signal Corporation and Barnes Engineering. Barnes is a small, highly specialised company manufacturing-infra- red and electro-optical equipment. During his stay in Britain, Dr van Zyl had talks with officials from Plessey and Hawker Siddeley, as well as visiting the two defence installations Plessey manufactures ground and airborne communications equipment, weapon control systems and radar. Hawker Siddeley is the firm which makes the Buccaneer bomber-still flown by the South African Air Force. Extracts from the South African documents givi4 details of Dr van Zy1's secret schedule C00ctcbur ILc'eher.c12Oc tober Dis uEss ns ith Disussicnswith Deparrc: Oude Deft, -DELFT EltroEnineering Frank- rt leidelberg NewYork "riiiocVSDision 90T C-s cM-c 20 -toDer_ 21 October 23 October Do:--ussions iith Discussions with Discussions with r Malvern Plessey Easacsand October 1974 a Dr van Zyl visited electronics counter-measures. Dr van Zyl also visited a firm the RRE and discussed procedures Three days later he visited the in Camberley, Surrey, called for placing research contracts. At company's underwater division EASAMS, which speciulises in DOAE he discussed methods and at Cagnes-sur-Mer, where a new aviatiop electronics. Procedures. Both conversations type of sonar equipmentisbeing FromLondonhetravelledtowereunclassified.' developed. the Seychelles and Mauritius-both Earlier a Defence Ministry Next he went to the Nether- places which would be geographicspokesman said: 'There is nothing lands for talks with a company ally suited to the establishment offin the UN embargo on arms for called Oude Delft, which makes ground stations linking South South Africa which precludes night sights and air surveillance Africa with.Skynet II, the British visits by officials for the exchange, apparatus. The firm has asub- 'military communications satellite THE British Government has brought Marconi's contract for the supply of a sophisticated Troposcatter equipment communications system to the South Afri African Arms Bureau within the ambit of the Export of Goods Order, which enables it to veto the export of military items-but it has not given any assurance that it will use rts new power to force the cancellation of the contract, In a statement in the Housb of Commons on April 29, Foreign Secretary Anthony Crosland said that the Export of Goods (Control) Order 1970 was to be amended so-thav-tropospheric scatter communications equipment would no longer be exempted from the need for a licence before it could be exported. But he gave no undertaking that the Marconi equipment would be refuseda licence. The announcement followed protests from Labour and Liberal MPs who had been briefed by the Anti- Apartheid Movement about the probable use of the equipment by the South African DefenceForce in Namibia, According to press reports the system is designed to form the backbone of a computer-controlled defence system covering Namibia MarcoSd amui Apartheid 'Marconi Arm Apartheid available from the Anti-Apartheid Movement 89 Charlotte Street London WIl, price lop. Marconi's plan for selling the equipment to'South Africa was exposed when one of its employees, Jock Hall, refused to work on it. In a Parliamentary question, Joan Lestor MP has asked why South Africa is among the countries exempted from licence requirements fpr the export of several categories of equipment which has military applications. In a statement SWAPO's Western European representative Peter Katjavivi says: 'South Africa's massive military occupation of Namibia is being backed up by anincreaingly sophisticated technological armoury, in which the Marconi contract would play 4vitaL role.' rage~~ I. nin~s'prim 'OS.m - -~iI5 -e,,o __-p~ . .. - South Africa uses Western codification system NATO must.end Pretoria links LAST June the Anti-Apartheid Movement released a set of NATO forms which showed that the , NATO Codification System for Equipment and Spares was extended to South Africa and that it had been used in the construction-of Project Advokaat in Silvermine, near Simonstown. German firms such as AE9Telefunken, Siemens and Mann were among those which played a major role in helping to develop the Advokaat communication system. Equipment was supplied from Britain, the USA, France, Denmark and the Netherlands-the fact that the last two countries were involved came as a shock to public opinion in view of their clear stand against apartheid. Subsequently, they indicated that no equipment was supplied direct to South Africa and that it could have been channelled through third countries, including Germany. The Advokaat Communications System has a number of units on wkiqh theJ-oveme nts of ships and other craft are graphically represented on a mali of the region covered by it, and this is said to be 'from the Cape to North America, South America, the South Pole region and India'. Various reports have indicated that the Advokaat System is linked to NATO Headquarters in Brussels but this has been denied by Secretary General Luns as well ascertain NATO members. It has also been suggested that surveillance information collected via the Advokaat System is transmitted to the United States and Britain. It could therefore mean that information secured by certain NATO members, as a result of their bilateral relations with South Africa, is ultimately made available to NATO Headquarters and/or to other Alliance members. AAM has written to all NATO members, as well as to Secretary General Luns, but none of the replies covers this aspect ot IN recent weks there have been several reported cases of British military equipment, ranging from equipment for Centurions to the sophisticated Marconi Troposcatter system, being sold to the Sourh African Defence establishment. There have been some protests but we are disturbed by the apparent lack of concern on the part of HMG to enforce the arms embargo more strictly. The United Nations Security Council first called for an international arms embargo against South Africa in 1963, followed by a stronger resolution adopted in 1964, with the then Conservative Government voting in favour. Implementation of these resolutions has always been regarded as the minimum action which a " government could take to assist in ending the evfl policies of apartheid. South Africa is at present involved in a massive expansion of its military forces both in terms of manpower and defence expenditure-the defence budget has almost doubled within the possible dependence by the Alliance upon information transmitted by South Africa. The response from NATO Headquarters and Alliance members is that there is no military collaboration between NATO as such and South Africa, and that the Alliance is not able to control bilateral relations Which its members may have with the Pretoria regime. With regard to the Codification System being made available to South Africa, the formal nesponse of NATO and its members is that it is an 'open' system which is available to various non-NATO members and is in fact an unclassified system. Enquiries made by AAM suggest that it is in fact not an 'open' system since members of the Warsaw Pact and certain other countries are not provided with this system. Even if it was the case that the system is an 'open' one, there is a strong case for denying it to South Africa in view of United Nations decisions which call-for an arms embargo and the cessation of all-military relations with South Africa. The South African Defence Minister has said that his country enjoys 'friendly' though not 'formal' relations With NATO. He is no doubt referring to various NATO facilitids, including the Codification System, being provided to South Africa and there is also the strong likelihood that representatives of the South African regime enjoy close contact witt NATO officials and staff members. Last year it was revealed that General Rahl, the German representative on the NATO Military Committee, had visited South Africa secretly under an assumed name. He was forced to resign but this exposure revealed a relationship with South Africa which had hitherto been unknown, When this matter is raised directly the official response is that NATO does not interfere with private arrangements which its staff or LAST year the Anti-Apartheid Movement released evidence that South Africa had access to the NATO codification system and the South African Defence Minister has since, claimed that the country enjoys 'friendly' relations with NATO. ABDUL MINTY outlines the demands made by the Anti-Apartheid Movement to the meeting of NATO, ministers held in Oslo in May. officials may make, However, it is of the utmost importance that the Alliance should ensure that none of its members or staff has any. dealings whatsoever with South Africa or its representatives if it is to convince public opinion that NATO is against encouraging military links with South Africa. At the forthcoming NATO MinisteriafMeeting in Oslo on May 20, the Anti-Apartheid Movement will make representations to the Alliance and call for 9 statement to be adopted along the following lines: 0 that NATO does not and will not have any military or other links with South Africa; * that its Codification System for Equipment and Spares and other similar unclassified data will not be provided to South Africa; * that NATO staff members and officials will have no dealings with South African representatives. Since the Alliance already claims that it does not have any relations with the Pretoria regime there should be no difficulty in adopting the first point in its communique. With regardto the second, it will be argued that it is up to individual NATO members not to transmit the Codification System to South Africa and that the Alliance is not able toltake a joint decision. Secondly, it will be said that various firms in Western countries have the Codification System available to them and can therefore transmit it to South Africa without any control. If the Alliance considers it a serious matter to assist the South African defence establishment then it should have no difficulty in jointly deciding not to provide South Africa with information and data. As for the firms, it is normal custom for companies to secure official clearance from their respective governments before they transmit the Codification System to other countries., In the case of Advokaat, the documents revealed requests by Joseph Lana the German firms to the Federal Government for permission to utilise the Codification system and pass it on to South Africa. There should be no obvious difficulty in the Alliance taking a decision which will prevent its staff members and officials from having official or private contacts with South African representatives. The response of NATO members to these three points will indicate the extent to which the Alliance is prepared to take a stand against the growing military collaboration between some of its members and South Africa. France is already South Africa's major arms supplier; the United States, Britain and Germany are all developing closer military ties. with the Pretoria regime and there is the real danger that the West will get draw more directly into the growing racial confrontation in Southern Africa on the wrong side. Vorster has warned dbout a catastrophe 'too ghastly to contemplate' should the African liberation struggle be intensified. He has doubled the South African defence budget in two years and expanded the defence forcesSouth Africa is now on a war footing. The recent exposure by AAM of a secret visit by Dr L L van Zyl, a senior official of the South -African Institute for Defence Research, to Europe and America during 1974 reveals high level defence cooperation with South Africa. The documents published in this supplement give details of his visit,-which appears to have been designed to obtain information from government defence * institutions in Britain and other Western countries. Up to now there has been no denial from any of the countries mentioned of these visits and one can therefore assume that they did in fact take place. The British Ministry of Defence has adfitted that Dr van Zyl visited the RRE and discussed procedures for placingresearch contracts. At the Defence Operational Analysis Establishment (DOAE) he discussed methods and procedures, These matters will be taken up at AAM's press conference in Oslo on May 19 and it will be interesting to see how far NATO and its members respond positively to the proposals mentioned, It will be an important indipatr of whether the principal Western powers and their allies are prepared to cease all milithry collaboration with South Africa in the light of the growing war situation in that region.Advokaat deal gets go.-ahead PRIME Minister James Callaghan has given the go-ahead to a British firm, Hasler (Great Britain), to supply electronic equipment to South Africa which could be fitted into the Advokaat military surveillance system, In reply to a letter from Labour MP Bob Hughes, the Prime Minister says that no licence is needed for the export of the equipment, but that he Will ask the company to confirm that it has taken precautions to ensure that the equipment is not sent on to Rhodesia. He said that the Government would consider the firm's position in relation to Government contracts. In his letter Bob Hughes pointed out that the firm was tendering for £2 million of teldx exchange equipment for the GPO and might be expected to hesitate before jeopardising its contract in order to defy Government instructions on sanctions. Further copies of this Special Supplement are available free from the Anti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte St London Wl. IN an unpublished letter to The Times dated April 26, Bishop Ambrose Reeves, Hon President of the Anti- Apartheid Move- ment, end the Movement's four Vice-Presidents, Jack Jones, General Secretary of the Transport & General Workers Union, Labour MP Joan Lestor, Liberal MP Jeremy Thorpe, and Bishop Trevor Huddleston, urged the British Government to support the call for the arms embargo against South Africa to be made mandatory by the UN Security Council and to ensure strict implementation of the arms embargo by Britain. past two years from R692 'millions in 1974 to RI 350 millions in 1976. South Africas armed forces are responsible not only for preserving the security of the apartheid system within the borders of the Republic, but also for maintaining its illegal occupation of the international territory of Namibia. There is, too, the serious danger of South African forces being drawn into Rhodesia once again to help defend the illegal Smith regime. The supply of British military equipment to South Africa is a violation of the Labour Government's commitment to apply the arms embargo more strictly: a pledge warmly welcomed by all the Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting at Kingston last year Whereas some British military equipment appears to reach South Africa as a result of various loopholes in the operation of the embargo, other items are supplied with the express authorisation of HMG. In the unfolding crisis in * Southern Africa Pretoria's growing military power presents 'a seriouf threat to the peace and" security of neighbouring African states. In this context Britain should be redoubling its efforts to ensure that all external military support for Sopth Africa is ended. Instead, weare faced with evidence which appears to reflect a relaxation of the embargo and closer ties with the South African military In your recent editorial of April 19 on Southern Africa you stated that 'The fence is too narrow to sit on'" By selling military equipment Britain can be seen to be standing squarely on the wrong side of that fence: on the side of the white power regimes. We therefore urge HMG to take immediate steps to ensure that the British arms embargo is implemented strictly and that it gives full support for the embargo to be made mandatory by the UN Security Council. Yours faithfully Bishop Ambrose Reeves, Hon President Jack Jones, Vice President Bishop Trevor Huddleston, Vice President Joan Lestor MP, Vice President Jeremy Thorpe MP, Vice President ' British Government told:. Get off the fence' r'age IV