The Case of “Dulcie September” the Truth Commission Files
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Executive-Outcomes.Pdf
Executive Outcomes Against all Odds Eeben Barlow GALAGO Acknowledgements The men of Executive Outcomes who read and corrected what I had written and who also gave me access to their photographs; the ex-SADF generals who added to what I have long suspected; the ex-Military Intelligence men who pleaded forgiveness for what they had done; the agents who ferreted out infonnation for us; the UN officials who gave me some glimpse of the organisation's duplicity; the governments that hired EO; publishers Peter and Francis Stiff for their input and indulgence; Peter Stiff who guided me and allowed me to quote from his works; and editor Tony Lavine and proofreader Rina Minervini for their assistance and guidance. · In particular, I would also like to thank the following people who gave me their time, opinions, accounts of their experiences and who were able to fill in many gaps: General Witkop Badenhorst, Riaan Bellingham, Rennie Blaauw, Louwrens Bosch, Harry Carlse, Carl Dietz, General Jannie Geldenhuys, Dries Hanekom, Mike Herbst, Renier Hugo, Bertie Jackson, Sonny Janeke, Juba Joubert, Craig Kotze, Jonathan Leach, Lafras Luitingh, Nico Palm, Rufan Palm, Pine Pienaar, Piers Pigou, Duncan Rykaardt, Lt Col Shikufa (Namibian Defence Force) General Phillip Sibanda (Zimbabwe Defence Force), Charlie Tait, Nic van den Bergh, Tony Viera, Arthur Walker-· and those who preferred to remain anonymous. Photographic credits Eeben Barlow archives, Rennie Blaauw, Jim Hooper, Sonny Janeke, Arthur Walker, Renier Hugo, Nico Palm, Kallie Coetzee, Nie van den Bergh, Al J Venter, Jannie Wools, Armed Forces, Raids, New African, Molotov Cocktail, New American and Sinar. -
MAY 2021 NEWSLETTER MURDER in PARIS Is a Political Crime Thriller That Traces the Motives for the Assassination of Anti-Apartheid Activist, Dulcie September
MAY 2021 NEWSLETTER MURDER IN PARIS is a political crime thriller that traces the motives for the assassination of anti-Apartheid activist, Dulcie September. The story travels from the heart of Paris in March 1988 to the pursuit of justice in 2021. Murder in Paris to screen at Encounters South African International Documentary Festival Following on from its hugely successful virtual festival in 2020 — a year that will surely go down as one of cinematic history’s most challenging — the Encounters South African International Documentary Festival will once again be coming to screens ‘virtually everywhere’ for its 2021 edition. From 10th - 20th June, audiences will see 10 days of inspiring films, webinars, debates and Q&A’s, and meet directors locally and from around the globe. Standouts from this year’s exciting programme of South African films include a fascinating and little-known narrative of a unique and inspiring figure in our history. Murder in Paris, directed by Enver Samuel, is a political crime thriller that traces the motives for the assassination of anti-Apartheid activist, Dulcie September. The story travels from the heart of Paris in March 1988 to the pursuit of justice in 2021. This forensic documentary chronicles activist and investigative journalist Evelyn Groenink’s 30-year-long quest to get to the bottom of the murder of Dulcie September, the then Chief Representative of the African National Congress in France. The film traces the motives for September’s assassination while shedding some light on the actual course of the events, which seem to have more to do with the Apartheid regime’s close ties to the French weapons industry than with neutralising an ANC cadre. -
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report: Volume 2
VOLUME TWO Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Chapter 6 National Overview .......................................... 1 Special Investigation The Death of President Samora Machel ................................................ 488 Chapter 2 The State outside Special Investigation South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 42 Helderberg Crash ........................................... 497 Special Investigation Chemical and Biological Warfare........ 504 Chapter 3 The State inside South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 165 Special Investigation Appendix: State Security Forces: Directory Secret State Funding................................... 518 of Organisations and Structures........................ 313 Special Investigation Exhumations....................................................... 537 Chapter 4 The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990 ..................................................... 325 Special Investigation Appendix: Organisational structures and The Mandela United -
Cry Havoc: Simon Mann's Account of His Failed Equatorial Guinea Coup
Transcript Cry Havoc: Simon Mann’s Account of his Failed Equatorial Guinea Coup Attempt Simon Mann Author and Coup Attempt Leader Discussant: Alex Vines Director, Regional and Security Studies, Chatham House Chair: Professor Nana Poku John Ferguson Professor of African Studies and Dean, School of Social and International Studies, University of Bradford 1 November 2011 The views expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of Chatham House, its staff, associates or Council. Chatham House is independent and owes no allegiance to any government or to any political body. It does not take institutional positions on policy issues. This document is issued on the understanding that if any extract is used, the author(s)/ speaker(s) and Chatham House should be credited, preferably with the date of the publication or details of the event. Where this document refers to or reports statements made by speakers at an event every effort has been made to provide a fair representation of their views and opinions, but the ultimate responsibility for accuracy lies with this document’s author(s). The published text of speeches and presentations may differ from delivery. Transcript: Simon Mann Professor Nana Poku: It is a considerable pleasure and also a bit of apprehension that I sit in this seat, in large part because of some of the accounts in the book and some of the complexities of the issues that have ensued since then. But I am delighted to welcome Simon Mann who requires no further introduction I’m sure, but for the sake of those of us who like formalities, Simon is a former SAS [officer] and was actively involved – I’m not sure whether I can repeat what was said on a website about being an attempted coup plotter – but certainly there was a bit of an incident in Central and Southern Africa in 2004 which I think Simon has some insight that he has kindly agreed to share with us. -
Privatisation of Security and Military Functions and the Demise of the Modern Nation-State in Africa
Privatisation of Security and Military Functions and the Demise of the Modern Nation-State in Africa By Michelle Small Occasional Paper Series: Volume 1, Number 2, 2006 The Occasional Paper Series is published by The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD). ACCORD is a non-governmental, non-aligned conflict resolution organisation based in Durban, South Africa. ACCORD is constituted as an education trust. Views expressed in this occasional paper are not necessarily those of ACCORD. While every attempt is made to ensure that the information published here is accurate, no responsibility is accepted for any loss or damage that may arise out of the reliance of any person upon any of the information this occasional paper contains. Copyright © ACCORD 2006 All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISSN 1608-3954 Unsolicited manuscripts may be submitted to: The Editor, Occasional Paper Series, c/o ACCORD, Private Bag X018, Umhlanga Rocks 4320, Durban, South Africa. Manuscripts should be about 10,000 words in length. All references must be included. Privatisation of Security and Military Functions and the Demise of the Modern Nation-State in Africa Abstract The world today is characterised by the increasing commodification and privatisation of public goods, a decline in law and order, a demise in state centrality, and more worryingly, the fracturing of state military and security apparatuses. -
African Warrior Culture
African Warrior Culture: The Symbolism and Integration of the Avtomat Kalashnikova throughout Continental Africa By Kevin Andrew Laurell Senior Thesis in History California State Polytechnic University, Pomona June 10, 2014 Grade: Advisor: Dr. Amanda Podany Laurell 1 "I'm proud of my invention, but I'm sad that it is used by terrorists… I would prefer to have invented a machine that people could use and that would help farmers with their work - for example a lawnmower."- Mikhail Kalashnikov The Automatic Kalashnikov is undoubtedly the most recognizable and iconic of all weapon systems over the past sixty-seven years. Commonly referred to as the AK or AK-47, the rifle is a symbol of both oppression and revolution in war-torn parts of the world today. Most major conflicts over the past forty years throughout Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and South America have been fought with Kalashnikov rifles. The global saturation of Kalashnikov weaponry finds its roots in the Cold War mentalities of both the Soviet Union and Western powers vying for ideological footholds and powerful spheres of influence. Oftentimes the fiercest Cold War conflicts took place in continental Africa, with both Moscow and Washington interfering with local politics and providing assistance to one group or another. While Communist-Socialist and Western Capitalist ideologies proved unsuccessful in many regions in Africa, the AK-47 remained the surviving victor. From what we know of the Cold War, millions of Automatic Kalashnikovs (as well as the patents to the weapons) were sent to countries that were willing to discourage the threat of Western influence. -
~Re~~J4 Gay 7.Mcdougall Director Southern Africa Project LA WYERS' COMMITTEE for CIVIL RIGHTS UNDER LAW
LA WYERS' COMMITTEE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS UNDER LAW SUITE 400 • 1400 EYE STREET, NORTHWEST. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005 • PHONE (202) 371 -1212 CABLE ADDRESS: LAWCIV, WASHINGTON, D.C. TELEX: 205662 SAP UR FACSIMILE: (202) 842-3211 September 20, 1990 Dear Colleague: On September 19th, the Southern Africa project of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights under Law released a report, South Africa's Death Squads, which challenges South African President F.W. de Klerk to ensure that police and military assassination squads, which have recently been revealed, are fully exposed and completely disbanded. Officers of these death squads may be informally transferred to right-wing white ex tremist groups unless President de Klerk takes decisive action. Recent hearings by a South African government commission implicated special units of the police and the military in some of the more than 100 assassinations of anti-apartheid activists in recent years, both inside South Africa and as far away as Paris. Eleven prominent anti-apartheid leaders were assassinated in 1989. Our report presents the facts and the critical questions about South African government sponsored death squads that remain unanswered. I have enclosed a copy of the Executive Summary of the report. Please let us know if you would like td have a copy of the full report. ~re~~j4 Gay 7.McDougall Director Southern Africa Project LA WYERS' COMMITTEE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS UNDER LAW SUITE 400 • 1400 EYE STREET, NORTHWEST. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005 • PHONE (2 02) 371-1212 CABLE ADDRESS: LAWC IV, WASHINGTON, D.C. TELEX: 205662 SA P UR FACSIMILE: (2 02) 842-3211 SOUTH AFRICA'S DEATH SQUADS Executive Summary The "hidden hand" that African National Congress Deputy President Nelson Mandela and South African President F.W. -
Involvement of Private Contractors in Armed Conflict: Implications Under International Humanitarian Law
Involvement of Private Contractors in Armed Conflict: Implications under International Humanitarian Law Alexandre Faite, Legal Advisor, International Committee of the Red Cross. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the opinion of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Introduction Foreign personnel hired to provide military services have often been present in armed conflicts. During the sixties and the seventies, this situation has been mainly associated with covert, mercenary activity. The provisions on mercenaries included in Article 47 of the First Protocol Additional to the Geneva Convention of 1949 (hereinafter “Protocol I”) the “Convention on the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa" 1, and the “International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries“ 2 were adopted at a time when this phenomenon was widely observed. In recent years, however, there has been the emergence of highly professional companies that offer their services openly, sometimes using websites. Some companies such as Executive Outcomes and Sandline have carried out active combat operations in various countries. Executive Outcomes, which drew heavily on members of South African special forces, assisted the Angolan government against the rebel movement, UNITA, and helped the Sierra Leone authorities defeat the Revolutionary United Front and restore the elected President to power 3. Sandline, a sister company to Executive Outcomes “admits to having undertaken six international operations since 1993”, including in Papua New Guinea and Sierra Leone4. Many more private companies are present in countries confronted to armed conflicts, including Iraq, Colombia and Afghanistan. According to sources, “contractors are or have been training security forces in Iraq, flying gunships in Colombia, training civilian police in Bosnia and Kosovo and protecting Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai”.5 Their activities comprise security monitoring, logistics, training and intelligence gathering, to name a few. -
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report
VOLUME THREE Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction to Regional Profiles ........ 1 Appendix: National Chronology......................... 12 Chapter 2 REGIONAL PROFILE: Eastern Cape ..................................................... 34 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Eastern Cape........................................................... 150 Chapter 3 REGIONAL PROFILE: Natal and KwaZulu ........................................ 155 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in Natal, KwaZulu and the Orange Free State... 324 Chapter 4 REGIONAL PROFILE: Orange Free State.......................................... 329 Chapter 5 REGIONAL PROFILE: Western Cape.................................................... 390 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Western Cape ......................................................... 523 Chapter 6 REGIONAL PROFILE: Transvaal .............................................................. 528 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Transvaal ...................................................... -
Deputy Minister Mashego-Dlamini Embarks on a Back-To-School Campaign
Motswaledi Dear Colleagues, Greetings, it is three months into the year and In addition, the Deputy Minister of International that brings us to the March edition of It’s Your Relations and Cooperation, Ms Candith Voice. This month marks a year since President Mashego-Dlamini, led the “back-to-school” Magdeline Motswaledi Cyril Ramaphosa announced the 21 days of campaign at Mokhutjisa High School national lockdown in an attempt to “flatten the Mookgophong, Limpopo. The Deputy Minister curve” of COVID-19 infections. It is also encouraged the learners to stay focussed on important to note that in February, South their education as South Africa’s success in Africa began its roll-out plan of the COVID-19 global political and economic affairs is vaccine, which is targeted to reach two-thirds dependent on its ability to produce an educated of the population. and skilled workforce. The history of Human Rights Day is grounded Turn a page as we highlight the launch of the in the Sharpeville Massacre that took place on South African National Action Plan. The event 21 March 1960, when the apartheid police shot put a spotlight on re-imagining a peace agenda and killed 69 people during a peaceful protest. that puts women and girls at the centre of This year, Human Rights Month was dedicated achieving an equal, inclusive, secure and to honour the “150th Year Celebration of peaceful future in the face of COVID-19 and an Charlotte Makgomo Mannya-Maxeke” who ever-changing global context. fought for our liberation and the rights we enjoy today. -
THE CONTROVERSY SURROUNDING PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES (Pmcs): LOOKING BACK on EXECUTIVE OUTCOMES
THE CONTROVERSY SURROUNDING PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES (PMCS): LOOKING BACK ON EXECUTIVE OUTCOMES Burgert Senekal1 Abstract Amidst arguments that the nature of war has changed, notably by Kaldor (2006), Keegan (2004), Münkler (2005), and Van Creveld (2008), Private Military Companies (PMCs) have received increasing media and scholarly attention over the past decade. South Africa is no stranger to the media storm evoked by Blackwater USA during the recent conflict in Iraq Executive Outcomes (hereafter referred to as EO) caused a comparable controversy during the 1990s, first through their involvement in Angola after the withdrawal of the SADF, and later through their contract in Sierra Leone. At the time, PMCs were still a relatively new phenomenon, and thus research was scarce and it was difficult to discuss EO properly in the context of PMCs rather than as mercenaries. In the wake of the war in Iraq, the rapid growth of research into the PMC phenomenon has however provided a wealth of information that facilitates a better understanding of EO’s role in the post-Cold War conflict environment. This article aims to discuss EO in this global debate by using recent research into the phenomenon, arguing that Executive Outcomes was part of a global trend in warfare. 1. INTRODUCTION During the last two decades, numerous arguments have been made that the nature of war is changing and has been since 1945, notably by Kaldor (2006), Keegan (2004), Münkler (2005) and Van Creveld (2008). Although the validity of arguments for low-intensity conflicts (LICs), new wars, postmodern wars, hybrid wars, or fourth generation warfare has been challenged by scholars such as Smith (2005), Curtis (2006), Kinross (2004) and others, there is concurrence that the majority of conflicts fought during and after the Cold War have been intrastate conflicts rather than the European model of conventional (interstate) wars found in the developed world, particularly as exemplified by the two World Wars. -
Essay War, Profits, and the Vacuum of Law: Privatized Military Firms And
FORMATTEDSINGER006FINAL.DOC 01/22/04 1:35 PM Essay War, Profits, and the Vacuum of Law: Privatized Military Firms and International Law * P.W. SINGER Over the last decade, a new global industry has arisen, made up of private firms that sell military services. These companies, known as “privatized military firms” (“PMFs”), sell everything from small teams of commandos to massive military supply operations. PMFs have operated in places as diverse as Sierra Leone and Iraq, and on behalf of many states, including the United States. The rise of PMFs signals an important new development in the way that war is now carried out. Unfortunately, the legal side has not yet caught up to these events. This article examines the applicability of present international laws and definitions to PMFs and finds a gap in effectiveness. It next looks at national attempts at legal regulation and the challenges that they face. Finally, it surveys some of the potential solutions that have been offered to this legal quandary, seeking to offer workable proposals for how the PMF industry might be brought under some standard of regulation. * Peter Warren Singer is National Security Fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution and Director of the Brookings Project on U.S. Policy Towards the Islamic World. He has a Ph.D. in Security Studies from Harvard University. His book, CORPORATE WARRIORS (2003) is the first overall survey of the privatized military industry. Dr. Singer has published in Foreign Affairs, International Security, Survival, and World Policy Journal, and has served as a commentator for ABC, BBC, CNN, Fox and al Jazeera.