CENSUS OF INDIA 1991
REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA ·A CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
OCCASIONAL PAPERS
SERIES · 1 VOLUME· XXI SIKKIM
Planning & Supervision Dr. R.P.SINGH Assistant Registrar General ( Map)
General Direction & Editing J.K. BANTHIA Of the fndian AdministratIVe Service Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India 2A Mansigh Road, New Delhi
FOREWORD
"Regional Divisions of India - A Cartographic Analysis", of each State and Union 'f-erritory V.olume,1991 is undertaken by the Map Division of this office. The project is in
cont~ua:tion of a similar 'Occasional Paper' published during the 1981 Census. In this study,
regions are deline~ted at macro, messo, micro and sub-micro level in each state/union territory... · While delineating such regions, the physio-geographic factors are taken into
• #. • account:.. These physio-geographic factors consist of (i) Physiography; (ii) Geological . , ~ . structure;. (iii) Forest coverage; (iv) Climatic conditions and (v) Soils. The sub-micro regions ar~ delirieated within the distriet 'keeping in view the above physio-geographic factors.. The .. . . regioilal ~undaries delineated earlier at different levels are retained as such. However, the . ' jui-i~icti(:mal changes at the district level during 1981-91 we~e .added in the respective
regiops. .A few more t~bles and maps on educational level of primary and secondary schools
~d availabilit;._ of medical facilities. at the villages, have been appended in this volume. , This publicatiori consists of three parts. Part I contains the brief introductory note on
R~gional Divisions of'India along with a map of India showing the regional boundaries at . .' micro.. level.'._. This ·Part. is colnmo.n for all the States .and Union territories Volume. Part II deals . " . . ~ wit~ the d~scription of Regional Divisions of each State and Union territory. In this section. there are nearly 21 maps related to different themes e.g. density, sex ratio, growth of population, workers, -literacy and the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes. These maps are prepared at the sub-micro level. Part III is mainly devoted to presentation of data
and ~aps of the districts. The districts are divided into sub-micro regions of the fourth order and bfief analysis of each of these sub-micro regions is written and supported by tables relat'mg to the main demographic theme of the districts. " This project is executed under the technical supervision of Dr. R.P. Singh, Assistant , Registrar General (Map) and other officers and staff of the Map Division of this office and Directorates of Census Operations of StateslUnion territories. The officers and the staff associated with this project are .acknowledged separately. An effort is made to publish this , . volu.~e on Compact Discs also ,for the convenience of the users: I hope this publication will be useful for "administrators, geographers, demographers and others mterested in different '.. . fieiCis population study,· . ' of . "', .
\ '.' NewDelhi ' . Dated': 30.1.2001 J.K. Banthia Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India
PREFACE
The Regional Divisions of India 1991 - A Cartographic AnalysiS of slate volume was brought out for the first time on the basis of 1981 Census. Considering the utility of this publication for planners, research scbol~ government and semi-government agencies who are actively involved in'the preparation of developmental plans at micro levels, it is very essential to update the publication by adding data and maps on the various aspects of population. The present publication is a prestigious project under-taken in continuation of the earlier project of 1981.
The regionalisation of the country as well as of Sikkim is based on physio geographical characteristics. The village (Revenue Block and Forest Block) is taken as a basic unit of demarcation while delineating the sub-micro region. The regional divisions are in the order of macro, meso, micro and sub-micro levels.
I am deeply indebted to Shri H. S. P. Gupta, Sr. Draughtsman and Shri Santosh Das, Draughtsman who have done all the hard work from data compilation to map preparation, to give shape to this volume. The analysis of maps and data presented in the volume were done by Shri Lakpa Tamang, Investigator while editing was done by Shri R. K. Ram, Deputy Director. Their contribution is acknowledged. I am also thankful to Shri Alok Kumar, Asstt. Compiler who neatly typed the camera ready copy on computer.
I record my gratitude to Shri J. K. Banthia, Registrar General, India for affording the necessary advice at every stage of work to bring out this publication. I am also thankful to Shri R. P. Singh, ARG (Map) for his valuable comments for improving the quality of this publication.
Place: Gangtok (P. G. TENZING) Date: 09.10.2001 Director of Census Operations, Sikkim
(v)
REGIONAL DIVISIONS - SIKKIM
Technical staff of RGI Headquarters and Directorate of Census operations Sikkim associated with the Project
Planning & Supervision Dr. R. P. Singh Asstt. Registrar General (Map)
Progress & Monitoring Shri R. N. Chhipa Research Officer (Map) Shri R. K. Chourajit Singh (upto 31.08.2001) Research Officer (Map)
Computer mapping and other computerised Shri Pooran Singh, Senior Geographer work Shri Dinesh, D/Man Shri Ani! B. Dhengle, Sr. D/Man
Cover Design Shri Mohd. Ishaque Sr. Drawing Asstt.
Secretariat Shri A. K. Jain, P. A. Shri P. K. Ajmani, P. A.
Drafting, Supervision and Editing Shri R. K. Ram, Deputy Director Shri Lakpa Tamang, Investigator
Data compilation and cartographic works Shri H. S. PI Gupta, Sr. D/Man Shri Santosh Das, D/Man
Typing Work Shri Alok Kumar, Asstt. Compiler
(vii)
CONTENTS
Pat,.e No.
Foreword (iii) Preface (v) Technical staff of RGI Headquarters amI Direcorate of Census (vii) Operations Sillkim associated with the Project (Regional Divisions- Sikkim)
PART-I REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA - A CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
Regional Divisions of India - A Cartographic Analysis - General Note 3-6 Uricf Characteristics of Regional Divisions 7-16 Regional Divisions of India 19-27
PART-ll REGIONAL DIViSIONS OF SIKKlM
Regional Divisions of Sikkim - A Cartographic Analysis - General Note 31-37 Rcgional Divisions of Sikkim 3H-39
GENERAL MAPS.
Position of Sikkim in India, 1991 43 Administrative Divisions, 1991 45 Relief and Drainage 47 Soil 49 Distribution of Population 1991 51 Growth of Population 1981- 91 (sub-micro level) 52-53 Density of Population 1991 (sub-micro level) 54-55 Variation in density of population 1981- 91 (sub-micro level) 56-57 Rural density of population 1991 (sub-micro level) 58-59 Variation in rural density of population 1981-91 (sub-micro level) 60-61 Sex ratio 1991 (sub-micro level) 62-63 Main workers 1991 (sub-micro level) 64-65 Literacy 1991 (sub-micro level) 66-67 Scheduled castes 1991 (sub-micro level) 68-69 Scheduled tribes 1991 (sub-micro level) 70-71 Proportion of villages without primary schools 1991 (sub-micro level) 72-73 Proportion of villages with high/higher secondary schools 1991 (sub-micro level) 74-75 Proportion of villages with medical facilities 1991 (sub-micro level) 76-77 Proportion of villages having medical facilities within distance of 5 kms 1991 (sub-micro level) 78-79
.(ix) PART-III REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF DISTRICTS
01. NORTH DISTRICT
(i) Regional Divisions 83-84 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions 86-87 (iii) Region-wise village codes 1991 89 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details 90-91
02. EAST DISTRICT
(i) Regional Vivisions 93-94 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions 96-·}7 (iii) Region-wise village codes 1991 99 , (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details 100-102
03. SOUTH DISTRICf
(i) Regional Divisions 103-104 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions 106-107 (iii) Region-wise village codes 1991 109 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details 110-112
04. WEST DISTRICT
123 (x) PART -I REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA-A CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS GENERAL NOTE Region is a complex phenomenon which varies according to purposes but must have homogeneous 2 characteristics. To delineate a region in a country ~ike India with an area of 3287,263 Km , extending between latitudes of 80 4' 28" and 37'l17' 53" North and longitudes of 68° 7' 53" and 97'l 24' 47" East and having a great range of geographic variations is a gigantic task. In the changed scenario of planning where emphasis is being laid on grassroot level planning, the delineation of sub-micro region having village as unit, is significant. For carving out such natural regions, the following considerations, inter-alia, are to be kept in view: (i) Contiguous geographical area; Oi) Homogeneous administrative machinery capable of formulating and implementing integrated area plans; Qii) Reliable statistical data base; (IV) Existence of nodal regions; and (v) Amenability of the natural boundaries to marginal adjustments so that the former, by and large, conform to administrative boundaries at given points oftime. In India, district is a defined administrative unit which is planning unit also. The district boundaries ao coincide with regional boundaries and have reliable statistical data base. Hence, district has been taken as a, basic unit of delineation. A number of scholars have delineated the natural regions of the country which was mainly based on physical factors. Accordingly they divided the country into traditional regions of mountains, plateaus and plains. In Census of India, A. Mitra and late P. Sengupta attempted the regionalisation ofthe country taking into consideration district as basic unit of data presentation but they have not taken into consideration the intra-district variations. Hence this study was undertaken during 1981 to delineate sub-micro region in each district based on physio-geographical characteristics. While delineating the sub-micro region, village was taken as a basic unit of demarcation. Since each sub-micro region has been clearly delineated in rural and urban constituents, the demographic characteristics and other statistiqa. data can be generated for the post-census period also to the extent to which village-wise I town-wise data are available. The scheme was the first of its kind in the history of the Census in India and would serve as a useful framework for administrators, planners, researchers and other data users for area specific planning. The baSic work of delineation of sub-micro region at district level was undertaken during 1981 Census as a plan project and separate volumes for each State I Union Territory was published during 1981 Census. Present study is in continuation of the 1981 project in which sub-micro regions delineated during 1981 Census and published in the respective volume were adopted in the same pattern without any change. The code structures of the sub-micro regions are also the same used in 1981 Census. A detailed 3 description of code structure is given in the Macro and Meso regional divisions of India. However, the new administrative changes during 1981·91 were added in the respective sub·micro regions as per list given herewith : Region Micro region Newly Created Districts No. (1981-91) (1) (2) (3) 1.4.3. Western Arunachal Pradesh·Himalaya (i) Tawang 1.4.4. Eastern Arunachal Pradesh-Himalaya (i) Changfang 1.5.2. Manipur Hills (i) Ukhrul (ii) Senap~ti Oil) Tamenglong (IV) Churachandpur ~) Pocket of Imphal (vi) Chan del 1.5.3. lmphal Valley (i) Imphal (ii) Bishnupur Oii) Thoubal 1.5.7. Cachar Plain 0) HailaKandi (ii) Karimganj 2.2.1. Eastern Haryana Plain (i) Yamuna Nagar (ii) Kaithal Oii) Panipat 2.2.3. Southern Haryana Plain (i) Rewari 2.4.1. Northern Upper Ganga Plain (i) Hardwar 2.4.2. Southern Upper Ganga Plain (i) Firozabad 2.5.1. Middle Ganga Plain-West (i) Kanpur Dehat (ii) Kanpur Nagar 2.5.2. Middle Ganga Plain-East (i) Mau (ti) Siddharth Nagar Oii) Maharajganj 2.6.1. North Bihar Plain (i) Madhepura (ii) Araria Oii) Kishanganj 2.6.2. South Bihar Plain (i) Khagaria (ii) Jehanabad 4 (1) (2) (3) 2.6.5. Proper DeHa (i) North 24 Parganas (iQ South 24 Parganas 2.7.1. Western Brahmaputra Valley (i) Kokrajhar (iQ Bongaigaon OiQ Barpeta (IV) Nalbari M Dhubri 2.7.2. Central Brahmaputra Valley (Q Sonitpur (iQ Marigaon 2.7.3. Eastern Brahmaputra Valley (i) Dhemaji (ii) Tinsukia ~ii) Jomat (IV) Golaghat 3.1.3. Banas Chambal Basin (i) Dhaulpur 3.2.2. Milzapur Uplands (i) Sonbhadra 3.3.1. Ranchi Plateau (0 Gumla (ii) Lohardaga 3.3.2. Hazaribag Plateau (i) Dumka (ii) Deoghar (iii) GOOda (iv) Sahibganj 3.3.4. S.inghbhum Plateau (i) Pashchimi Singhbhum (ij) Purbi Singhbhum 3.7.2. Wardha-Penganga-Wainganga Plain (i) Gadchiroli 3.8.1. Eastern Plateau (i) Jalna (ii) Latur 3.9.3. Southern Kamataka Plateau (i) Bangalore Rural (ii) Bangalore Urban 3.10.1. Eastern Flanks of Sahyadri (i) Dindigul-Anna 3.10.2. Tamil Nadu Uplands (i) North Arcot-Ambedkar (ii) Tiruvannamala~ Sambuvarayar 5 (1) (2) (3) 4.2.1. Maharashtra Littoral 0) Sindhudurg 4.2.2. Goa Coast (i) North Goa (ii) South Goa 4.2.4. North Kerala Coast (i) Kasaragod (iQ Kannur 4.2.5. Central Kerala Coast (i) Palakkad (ii) Thrissur 4.2.6. South Kerala Coast (i) Alappuzha (ii) Pathanamthitta Oii) Kallam (IV) Thiruvananthapuram 4.3.2. Sandy Littoral (i) Pasumpon Muthu Ramalinga Thev~r (ii) Kamarajar Oii) Chidambaranar 4.3.3. Coromandel Coast (Q Chengalpattu M.G.R. 6 BRIEF CHARACTERISTICS OF REGIONAL DIVISIONS 1. THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS : The Northern Mountains corresponding with the Himalayan zone facing the northern frontier of the suD-continent comprise Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Northern Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, Northern , West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur. Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya and part of Assam. The Northern Mountains have been divided primarily according to the geology and forest cover. The relief and drainage however, have also played a dominant role in establishing various sub-divisions within the Himalayan zone. This macro region has been divided into 5 sub-regions (meso) and 24 divisions (micro) on the basis of above mentioned factors. These sub-regions are: 1.1 Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya: This sub-region covers the entire Jammu and Kashmir and is further divided. into following three diviSions (micro regions) 1.1 .1 Ladakh 1.1.2 KashmirValley 1.1.3 Jammu In these divisions the relief presents remarkable variations. The grouping of the districts has been made in conformity with the geological structure, elevation and forest cover. Other factors do not play significant role in delineating these diviSions. However, sub-montane soil (Pod so Ii c) is dominant in the Kashmir Valley and brown hill soil is seen in the southern part of Jammu and Kashmir. Ladakh region is fully predominated by mountain meadow soils as well as glaCiers and eternal snow. Forest is mostly alpine type in the northern regions and sub-alpine in the southern regions. 1.2. Himachal Pradesh Himalaya : The entire state of Himachal Pradesh falls under this sub-region. It has been further divided into the following 4 divisions: 1.2.1 Northern Himachal Pradesh 1.2.2 Trans-Himalayan Zone 1.2.3 Central Himachal Pradesh 1.2.4 Southern Himachal Pradesh Geologically, it is almost similar to that of Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya. However, this sub region is characterised by marked variations in the relief features, mainly on the consideration of micro-relief and little variations in soils. 7 1.3. Uttar Pradesh Himalaya : This sub-region has been divided into three divisions, viz., 1.3.1 Kumaon Himalaya-North 1.3.2 Western Kumaon Himalaya, Siwalik and Doons 1.3.3 Kumaon Himalaya-East In these areas, the elevation has been taken as the main basis for Classification. Geology and forest have also been taken into account. The soils are mostly of brown hill type in the sub-region with marked differences in the southern Siwalik zone, locally known as 'Tarai' and 'Bhur' soils. The Kumaon Himalaya-North has important peaks like Nanda Devi, Kamet and Badrinath. The Ganga and the Yamuna have their sources in this region. The Western Kumaon Himalaya, Siwalik and Doons cover Dehradun, Garhwal and Tehri Garhwal districts and have an elevation of 900 to 1000 m. The Kumaon Himalaya-East which comprises Almora and Nainital districts is marked with some narrow valleys on high altitudes. 1.4 North Eastern Himalaya: This region includes four sub-regions extending over Sikkim, Darjiling and 'Duar' areas of West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh. The Da~i1ing section of the Himalayan zone rises abruptly from 'Dual"' plains of West Bengal. Three high peaks namely, Siwalik Phu (3630 m), Sabargam (3546 m) and Phalut (3596 m) are located in this section of Himalayan zone. Similarly, the lofty range of about 5000 m. with intermittent summits are the chief characteristics of Arunachal Pradesh. Weather is damp and cold and the forests are dense. Annual rainfall ranges between 250 and 350 cm. The drainage is in evolutionary stage and immature. This region has been divided into 4 divisions as below: 1.4.1 Sikkim Himalaya 1.4.2 Da~iling Himalaya including 'Duars' 1.4.3 Western Arunachal Pradesh Himalaya 1.4.4 Eastern Arunachal Pradesh Himalaya 1.5 Eastern Hill Zone : This region represents the eastern section of Himalayan zone extending over Nagaland, Manipur Mizoram. Tripura. part of Assam and Meghalaya. This region is interspersed with plains especially in Silchar, North Cachar Hills and adjoining areas. Topographically it is rugged. The slopes a~e quite steep. Over the Tripura region the topography has interspersed ranges and valleys. Consequently communication is difficult. The Khasi and Jaintia Hills region in Meghalaya is like a table land. Geologically it is an eastward extension ofthe massive block of the peninsular region broken by the alluvium of Bengal basin. In its long geological history this region is said to have been submerged during Mesozoic and early Tertiary times due to marine transgression which was further uplifted at the time of Himalayan orogenesis. 8 The region has been divided into 10 divisions as below: 1.5.1 Nagaland Hills 1.5.2 Manipur Hills 1.5.3 Imphal Valley 1.5.4 Mizo Hill Zone 1.5.5 Tripura Plain 1.5.6 Tripura Hills 1.5.7 CacharPlain 1.5.8 Karbi Anglong and North Cachar Hills 1.5.9 Eastern Meghalaya 1.5.10 Western Meghalaya 2. THE GREAT PLAINS : . . This is the most important zone in v·iew of human concentration and it stretches from Rajasthan via Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal to the eastern section of Brahmaputra Valley. It is an enclosed vast basin of various small and large rivers separated by 'alluvial divides'. The ~estern section comprising arid Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi and Western Uttar Pradesh is slightly higher in elevation (over 150 m) than the eastern section of the plain. However, according to elevation, this plain shows three levels of relief configuration, between 0 to 75 m. in the eastern section, 75 to 150 m in the Central Uttar Pradesh and 150 to 300 m. in the western zone with the exception of small zone in eastern Jaisalmer district where the elevation is below 75 m. Geologically the whole region is made of alluvium brought by rivers from the Himalayas and this is a gradational plain formed during Pleistocene and Recent geological times. On the basis of drainage, soils and rainfall, the region has been divided into 7 (meso) sub-regions and 24 (micro) divisions :- 2.1 Punjab Plain : In this plain 4 divisions as listed below have been delineated on the basis of soils and rainfall. Soils are alluvial with variations of 'banger' and 'Khadar'. Agriculturally, this is the most important region. 2.1.1 Ravi-Beas Inter-Fluvial Plain 2.1.2 HoshiarPur-Chandigarh ~ub-montane Plain 2.1.3 Beas-Satluj Doab 2.1 A Punjab Malwa Plain 2.2 Haryana Plain: In this region which also includes Delhi, three divisions have been delineated on the basis of topography and distribution of soils which are sandy and calcareous. 2.2.1 Eastern Haryana Plain 2.2.2 Western Haryana Plain 2.2.3 Southern Haryana Plain 9 2.3 Arid Rajasthan Plain : This meso region receives an average rainfall of less than 40 cm. It has been divided into four micro regions mainly on the basis of distribution of rainfall which are: 2.3.1 Ghaggar Plain 2.3.2 RajaS1han Bagar 2.3.3 Extremely Arid Tract 2.3.4 Luni Valley 2.4 Upper Ganga Plain : This is the vast stretch of the Ganga Plain where the rivers are playing an important role in carrying out definite influence of their own. In general, the soil is alluvial but variations have developed on the upland and the low I~nd areas. The Upper Ganga Plain has been divided into 2 divisions, viz., 2.4.1 Northern Upper Ganga Plain 2.4.2 Southern Upper Ganga Plain 2.5 Middle Ganga 'Plain : This is the transitional zone between the Upper Ganga Plain and the Lower ~allya 1"'1 a II 1 ami has been divided into two divisions, viz., 2.5.1 Middle ~anga Plain-West 2.5.2 Middle Ganga Plain-East 2.6 Lower Ganga Plain : The characteristics of the landscape in the Ganga Plain change abruptly in Lower Ganga Plain extending over Bihar and West Bengal due to high rainfall. It has an elevation of below 75 m. and has been further divided into following six micro regions :- 2.6.1 North Bihar Plain 2.6.2 South Bihar Plain 2.6.3 Barind Tract 2.6.4 Moriband Delta 2.6.5 Proper Delta 2.6.6 Rarh Plain 2.7 Brahmaputra Valley : The Brahmaputra Valley presents typical geographical features. In general. the valley has an elevation of below 75 m. The eastern section is more undulating. Rainfall is very high and'riverpattem .. is braided in various sections of the Brahmaputra. The tributaries·joining the main river08rahmaputra' 10 discharge large amount of water during the monsoon period and hence calise floods in·the vall~y region. It is also covered with luxuriant vegetations throughout. Hence, on the~ basis this valley has been divided into three diviSions with definite characteristics. 2.1'.1. Western Brahmaputra Valley 2.7.2 Central Brahmaputra Valley 2.7.3 Eastern Brahmaputra Valley 3. THE DECCAN PLATEAU : The Deccan Plateau represents the whole of South Indian tableland. From the paint of view of geology, the whole region is composed of metamorphic rocks of pre Cambrian age. Considering drainage, elevation, forest cover, soils and rainfall, sub-divisions were delineated. In gener-al, the elevation rises to over 1000 m. in the south while it hardly exceeds 500 m. in the north. The rivers of this region have mostly reached their base level of erosion which have carved wide valleys in various regions of considerable importance. This region has been divided into 12 (meso) sub-regions and 33 micro divisions. 3.1 Semi-Arid Rajasthan : This portion of Rajasthan is marked with intervening valleys where the soils are red, yellow and mixed red-black in character. The.regional characteristics of this region are different from those of the arid zone of the Rajasthan (2.3). The annual rain fall here varies from 35 to 45 cm. Besides, the vegetation is partly developed over the hills and slopes which mostly belong to semi-arid type: while the arid plains are infes.ted with thorny scrub and bushy vegetation. This region has further been divided into three divisions: 3.1.1 Aravalli Range and the Associated Uplands 3.1.2 Semi-Arid Uplands of Eastern Rajasthan 3.1.3 Banas-Chambal Basin 3.2 Uttar Pradesh Uplands : Uttar Pradesh Uplands represent well defined zone of Vindhyan Syste.m in the south. The average elevation is 500-600 m. and slope towards the plain in the north. The divisions made in this meso region are: 3.2.1 Jhansi Uplands 3.2.2 Mirzapur Uplands Jhansi ~plands are comparatively dry while the Mirzapur Uplands are wet. 3.3 Bihar-West Bengal Uplands :. Bihar-West Bengal Uplands region is one of the most interesting regions for the studies in geomorphology and cultural geography. The whole region belongs to the unclassified crystalline rocks. The elevation of the Bihar Highlands known as Chotanagpur Plateau, is in the range of 300-900 m. which is often high above 900 m. at places in the form of rounded hills. Soils in this region are mainly red 1 1 and yellow, and red sandy. Red and black soils are predominant in Singhbhum region. The drainage is radial. Forests are dense in Palamu, Ranchi and Hazaribag areas, while it becomes sparse in Puruliya on account of degenerated soils on the uplands. On the basis of elevation and nature oftopography the region has been divided into 4 divisions: 3.3.1 Ranchi Plateau 3.3.2 Hazaribag Plateau . . 3.3.3 Puruliya Uplands 3.3.4 Singhbhum Plateau 3.4 Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands : The Northem Madhya Pradesh Uplands region has been sutHtivided into three divisions. In general, the elevation is between 300-600 m. with numerous hills which are thickly forested. The Northern Madhya Pradesh is typically a ravine and derelict land zone on account of erosion by the tributaries of Chambal system. The Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands-East region represents the Vindhyas with wen developed scraps. Three divisions made in this meso region are: 3.4.1 Northern Madhya Pradesh Ravine Uplands-West 3.4.2 Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands-Central 3.4.3 Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands-East 3.5 Central Madhya Pradesh Plateau: The Central Madhya Pradesh Plateau inherits a complex geology. In general, Gneisses, Vindhyans and Gondwanas are fairly represented here. Forest is deciduous and presents large varieties of Sal. Soils are primarily medium black to deep black types. The region has been sub-divided into three divisions: 3.5.1 Sagar Plateau 3.5.2 Bhopal Plateau 3.5.3 Ratlam Plateau 3.6 S~uthern Madhya Pradesh Uplands: The region in general represents black soil. Annual rainfall varies between 200-300 cm. The whole region is densely forested in general. According to the elevation, drainage and micro-orographic characteristiCs the region has been divided into three divisions. 3.6.1 Narmada Region including Flanks of Vindhya and Satpura 3.6.2 Mahanadi Basin 3.6.3 Madhya Pradesh Dandakaranya '12 3.7 Northern Maharashtra : The Northern Maharashtra repr~sents the major soil regions developed over 'Deccan Flows'. In this region average annual rainfall ranges between 40 and 80 em .. Tt~e altitudinal-characteristics are quite pronouneecNmd.hence.th&.lIneation.of a~ve regions is based on-the ~valle-ys and,div.ideS';coitBept:-of. orography of the region. It has been further divided into following two divisions: 3.7.1 Tapti-Puma Valley 3.7.2 Wardha-Penganga-Wainganga Plain 3.8 Maharashtra Plateau : This meso region in general, has an altitude ranging between 300 and 900 m. and extends over basalts. Some high ranges like Ajanta range, Harischandra range, Mahadeo range and Balaghat range break the monotony and thus fonn a mosaic of plateau with protruded hills. Annual rainfall in general, varies between 80 and 100 em. except in the central region of Maharashtra Plateau which generally gets less than 80 em. rainfall. Forest cover, in general, is sparse and at places dense which is of dry deciduous type. Consequently two divisions have been made in this region, viz., 3.8.1 Eastern Plateau 3.8.2 Western Plateau with Protruded Hilts 3.9 Karnataka Plateau : The Kamataka Plateau is a well defined plateau region of the Deccan over the unclassified crystalline rocks in general, the northern portion is having an elevation of about 300 m. with a westward slope, while the southern portion is high (over 900m.) and slopes towards the southeast. Tungabhadra river cuts it into two regions. Average annual rainfall is around 80 em. in major parts of this region. Soils in the northem Kamataka ar~ black, while in tht' south these are mostly laterite, red sandy and red loamy. Forests are dense only in Malnad bordering Sahyadri where the main elevation reaches 1000 m. with heavy rainfall of 150 cm. per annum. Three divisions made on the above considerations in the region are : 3.9.1 Northern Kamataka Plateau 3.9.2 Central Karnataka Plateau 3.9.3 Southern Kamataka Plateau 3.10 Tamil Nadu Uplands: This region is the southern extension ~f unclassified crystalline rocks of Cambrian period and is marked with fairly wide valley of Cauvery and its tributaries. In general, the elevation is over 900 m. in the west due to southern Sahyadri and Nilgiri Hills. The western and the eastern flanks get an annual rainfall of about 80-200 em. but the central part of the uplands is almost dry. Due to comparatively high rainfall the hilly areas are forested.On the basis of elevation two divisions have been carved out which are: 3.10.1 Eastern Flanks of Sahyadri . 3.10.2 Tamil Nadu Uplands 13' 3.11 Andhra P1ateau : Andhra Plateau is another well-defined plateau region overthe Archaean gneissic rock of Southern India which is drained mostly by Godavari. Krishna and Penner river systems. Over the western margins. the soils are mostly medium black with intrusion ofdeep black'soiis in Krishna valley. The rest of the regio~ is characterised by red sandy soils. The average annual rainfall is below 80 cm. in this region.The region is covered with deciduous forests. On the basis of elevation and other conSiderations, the region has been divided into four divisions and identified as : 3.11.1 Godavari Depressions 3.11.2 Telangana Plateau 3.11.3 Krishna Piedmont Plain 3.11.4 Rayalaseema 3.12 Orissa Highlands: The Orissa Highlands region is comprised of the north-eastern extension of unclassified crystalline rocks of the Deccan Plateau. Here the topography is rugged and elevation is about 1,200 m. in Koraput Plateau. The Mahanadi and Brahmani rivers have calVed out well defined valleys. Soils ofthe region are mostly red and sandy interspersed with red and yellow soils in some areas: The western portion of the region conSists of deep valleys with spurs. In general. the southern portion Is much more dissected and higher than the northern, where the range of elevation is between 300 and 900 m. Average annual rainfall of the region is between 200 and 300 cm. The region has been divided into two well marked divisions according to elevation, viz. 3.12.1 Northern Orissa Highlands 3.12.2 Southern Orissa Highlands (Orissa Dandakaranya) 4. THE COASTAL PLAINS AND ISLANDS : Geologically the Coastal Plains adjacent to the Peninsular region are mere 'Shore Facies' of the Deccan Trap. The region has attained a definite regional approach for classification on- account of coastal alluvium characteristics hemmed in between the Sahyadri and Arabian sea in the west and the Eastern Ghats and Bay of Bengal in the east. The rainfall varies in the sections which is high (above 300 cm.) in the Western Coastal Region and low (1 00 em.) in the Eastern Coastal Region. The Coastal Plain has been sub divided into 4 (meso) sub-regions and 20 micro divisions. 4.1 Gujarat Coastal Plain : This region represents almost the whole of Gujarat state. This region is compo~ of 'Deccan Flows' and coastal Tertiary deposits. Gujarat Plain is drained by Sabannati and Mahi rivers. Eastern Hilly Region is comprised of Panch Mahals and the Oangs districts. Kathiswar Peninsula Is partly rocky having : ltf), e'e.v8tion ,of ~bove 75 m. Radial drainage is th~ Chief tha"fatteristio feature of thIS zone.' 14 Kachchh Peninsula solely corresponds with Kachchh district. The chief characteristic feature of the region is the sandy plain with isolated rocky hills. All these regions may tYPically be said a,s semi-arid while the Kachchh Peninsula Is arid. The above mentioned four regions are as follows : 4.1.1 Gujarst Plain 4.1.2 Eastem Hilly Region 4.1.3 Kathiawar Peninsula 4.1.4 Kachehh Peninsula 4.2 Western Coastal Region : The Western Coastal Region lies just bordering the Sahyadri (the Western Ghats). The width of the region is often very narrow in Karnataka Coastal Region which broadens further south in Kerala. Rainfall is quite heavy over 300 cm. per annum. Six divisions have been demarcated in this region which cover portions of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Mahe district of Pondicherry and South Goa and North Goa districts of Goa. The six divisions are: 4.2.1 Maharashtra Littoral 4.2.2 Goa Coast 4.2.3 Karnataka Coast 4.2.4 North Kerala Coast 4.2.5 Central Kerala Coast 4.2.6 South Kerala Coast 4.3 Eastern Coastal Region : The Eastern Coastal Region can be distinguished from the Western Coast because the basic geographical factors of these two regions vary to a great extent. The 100 em. isohyetalline separates the eastern and western coastal areas at the district level at Kanniyakumari. The Eastern Coastal Region is wide and the soils differ appreciably within this region. The big rivers carve out broader valleys or deltas which give further help in establishing the division in the Eastern Coastal Region. The Eastern Ghats are broken as they do not run as continuous geographical barrier. The region has been divided into 8 divisions viz. 4.3.1 Kanniyakumari Coast 4.3.2 Sandy Littoral 4.3.3 Coromandel Coast 4.3.4 SouthemAndhra Coastal Plain 4.3.5 Krishna Delta 4.3.6 Godavari Delta 4.3.7 Northern Andhra Coastal Plain 4.3.8 Mahanadi Delta 15 4.4 The Islands : The Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea vary between themselves in geographical location as well as in human geography and form two micro regions. 4.4.1 The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are composed of more than 300 named and unnamed Islands. Out of them 33 major islands are inhabited, while the remaining islands are uninhabited. Geologically, sandstone and shales of Eocene periOd predominate. Due to hot and humid climate, soils are lateritiC and degenerated with luxuriant growth of vegetation cover. Coral formation is the chief characteristics of the islands and so the group of islands forms a definite entity of a region on these considerations. 4.4.2 The Lakshadweep islands have developed very near to the continental shelf of the Indian coast. The total number of islands is 27 of which 10 are inhabited and the remaining 17 uninhabited. These two present a peculiar geographical environment, ecology and cultural zone of t ndia. 16 MAP 1 INDIA PHYSIO.GEOGRAPHIC ZONES _._-,_._-,,..,., ... ,. ~OUDQar~, InlernatlOnal , ~ounGarll ~laleJm ~ounGarll ~dnc\. , JG ° KILOMETRES J 100 200 300 400 500 JGo \0050 0 0 II I I I It MYANMAR (BURMA) New Moore I illliil!1 MYANMAR (BURMA) New Moon I. (INDIA) 8 A. Y dF BEN GAL 0 l~ ~ ARABIAN Name of Districts ST!!F./DiSTRII1 Kh (BIHAR) Ki (BIHAR) MANIPUR Ma (HARlANA) I S,n'pati Mo INAGALAND) 2.U"rul SEA M" BIHAR) 3Chand,1 Pde Pasnchim Champal'an 4,[h"bal (TAMIL NAUU) PMT. MulhurBmalin~a o Imphal 6 COClI is S Tamenglong Pa raihanamthllta (KERALA) • (BURMA) PU.C Purba Champaran (BIHAR) 1. ( 8. Sa (B!~AR) 7 "Narcondam j "( Sam SIKNIN 't Sambuvarayar I1AMIL NADU) (INDIA) I.S I. NorlhDislrid f Tue INAGALAND) 0 ;'~' 2. West DislrJd i}I W.K.H MEGHALAYA) Wo (NAGAI AND) 3. South District VAndam,,, 4. East DIStrIct o 1- Zu !unheboto (NAGALIND) ~ ~ Rarm 1 lc ~ K Kapurthala 12° (PUNIAlii 'IND": 'f1. ~. " .·6 1 DIVISIONS ~ANDAMAN 8 E A f ~ til 1/ ct1- 44.1 0 MA~~~ RIl:I~i~ 10 0 1- 4.4.1 " 1- tP _:_~~~ 1 ~ THE ~~RI~ERN M~~N!AIiJ !I 1- (I I ./ D " 7 0 t 0 !- I~E ~RE!'I' 1l!INS ~~o MD ~~ 0 Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the Surveyor General of India. ©Government of India, copyrighl2001 The territorial waters of India extend into the sea 10 adistance of twelve naulical miles measured from Ihe appropriate base line. The interstale boundaries belween Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya shown on this map are as Interpreled from the North·Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971 but have yet 10 be verified. PHYSIO-GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS OF INDIA (REGIONAL DIVISIONS) RegionswUh Sub-Regions Divisions with State/Union CadeNo. with Code No~ CadeNo. Districts . ., Territory (Macro) (Meso) (Micro) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) The Northern Jammu & Ladakh Ladakh & Kargil Jammu & Kashmir Mountains Kashmir [1.1.1] [1] Himalaya Kashmir Valley Anantnag (K.S.), Jammu & Kashmir [1.1 ] [1.1.2] Baramula (K.N.), Pulwama, Badgam, Kupwara anel Srinagar. Jammu Doda, Jammu, Kathua, Jammu & Kashmir [1.1.3] Punch, Rajauri and Udhampur Himachal Northern Himachal Chamba Himachal Pradesh Pradesh Pradesh Himalaya [1.2.1] [1.21 Trans Himalayan Kinnaur and Himachal Pradesh Zone Lahul & Spiti [1.2.2) Central Himachal Kangra. Kullu, Una, Himachal Pradesh Pradesh Hamirpur and Mandi [1.2.3] Southern Himachal Bilaspur, Solan, Shimla Himachal Pradesh Pradesh and Sirmaur [1.2.4] Uttar Pradesh Kumaon Chamoli. Pithoragarh Uttar Pradesh Himalaya Himalaya-North and Uttarkashi [1.3] [1.3.11 Western Kumaon Dehra Dun, Garhwal Uttar Pradesh Himalaya, Siwalik and Tehri Garhwal & Doons [1.3.2] Kumaon Almora and Nainital Uttar Pradesh Himalaya-East [1.3.3] 1 9 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) North-Eastern Sikkim Himalaya North District, Sikkim Himalaya [1.4.1] West District, South [1.4] District and East District Darjiling Himalaya DarjiJing and Jalpaiguri West Bengal including Duars [1.4.21 Western Tawang, West Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh East Kameng, Lower Himalaya Subansiri, Upper Subansiri, [1.4.3] West Siang and East Siang Eastern Arunachal Dibang Valley, Lohit, Arunachal Pradesh Pradesh Himalaya Chang lang and Tirap [1.4.4] Eastern Hill Nagaland Hills Kohima, Mokokchung, Nagaland . Zone [1.5.1] Mon, Wokha, Zunheboto, [1.5] Phek and Tuensang Manipur Hills Ukhrul, Senapati, Manipur [1.5.2] Tamenglong, Pocket of Imphal ,Churachandpur and Chandel Imphal Valley Imphal. Bishnupur Manipur [1.5.3J and Thoubal Mizo Hill Zone Aizawl, Lunglei and Mizoram [1.5.4] Chhimtuipui Tripura Plain South Tripura and Tripura [1.5.5] West Tripura Tripura Hills NorthTripura Tripura (1.5.6] eachar Plain Cachar, Hailakandi and Assam [1.5.7] Karimganj Karbi Anglong & Karbi AngJong and Assam North Cachar Hills North Cachar Hills [1.5.81 Eastern Meghalaya West Khasi Hills, East MeghaJaya [1.5.9) Khasi Hills and Jaintia Hills Western Meghalaya West Garo Hills and Meghalaya [1.5.10] East Garo Hills TheG~~ ( ..... Punjab Plain " Ravl-Beas AmrttS8.r and Gurdaspur ." Punjab •. Plains [2.1] hiterfluvial Plain (2] [2.1.1) 20 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Hoshiarpur- Chandigarh, Hoshiarpur Chandigarh U.T. Chandigarh Sub- and Rupnagar and Punjab Montane Plain [2.1.2] Beas-Satluj Doab Jalandhar and Punjab [2.1.3] Kapurthala Punjab-Malwa Bathinda, Firozpur, Punjab Plain Ludhiana, Patiala, [2.1.41 Sangrur and Faridkot Haryana Plain Eastern Haryana Ambala. Yamunanagar, Haryana [2.2] Plain Kurukshetra, Kaithal, [2.2.1] Jind, Kamal, Rohtak, Panipat and Sonipat Western Haryana Hisar, Sirsa and Haryana Plain Bhiwani [2.2.2] Southern Haryana Delhi, Gurgaon, Delhi U.T. and Plain Mahendragarh, Rewari Haryana [2.2.3) and Faridabad Arid Rajasthan Ghaggar Plain Ganganagar Rajasthan Plain [2.3.1] [2.3] Rajasthan Bagar Churu, Jhunjhunun, Rajasthan [2.3.2) Nagaur and Sikar Extremely Arid Bikaner and Jaisalmer Rajasthan Tract [2.3.3] Luni Valley Barmer, Jalor, Jodhpur Rajasthan [2.3.4] and Pali Upper Ganga Northern Upper Bijnor, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh Plain Ganga Plain Meerut, Moradabad, [2.4] [2.4.1] Muzaffamagar, Rampur, Saharanpur and Hardwar Southern Upper Aligarh, Agra, Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh Ganga Plain Bareilly. Budaun, [2.4.2] Bulandshahr, Etah. Etawah, Farrukhabad, Kheri, Mainpuri, Mathura, Pilibhil and Shahjahanpur 21 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Middle Ganga Middle Ganga Allahabad, Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh Plain Plain-West Bara Banki, Faizabad, [2.5] [2.5.11 Fatehpur, Gonda, Hardoi, Kanpur Dehat, Kanpur Nagar, Lucknow, Pratapgarh, Rae Bareli, Sitapur, Sultanpur and Unnao Middle Ganga Azamgarh, Ballia, Mau, Uttar Pradesh Plain-East Siddharthnagar, Basti, [2.5.2] Deoria, Gorakhpur, Maharajganj, Varanasi, Jaunpur and Ghazipur Lower Ganga North Bihar Plain Pashchim Champaran, Bihar Plain [2.6.1] Purba Champaran, {2.6] Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, Pumia, Madhepura, Saharsa, Araria, Kishanganj. Saran, Sitamarhi, Begusarai, Madhubani, Katihar, Samastipur, Vaishali. Siwan and Gopalganj South Bihar Plain Bhagalpur, Gaya, Munger, Bihar [2.6.2] Khagaria, Patna, Bhojpur, Nalanda, Jehanabad, Nawada, Rohtas and Aurangabad Barind Tract Koch Bihar, Maldah and West Bengal [2.6.3] West Dinajpur Moriband Delta Murshidabad and Nadia West Bengal [2.6.4] Proper Delta Barddhaman, Calcutta, West Bengal (2.6.5J Hugli, Haora, North Twenty Four Parganas and South Twenty Four Parganas Rarh Plain Bankura, Bifbhum and West Bengal [2.6.6] Medinipur Brahmaputra Western Kokrajhar, Barpeta, Assam Valley Brahmaputra Kamrup. Bongaigaon. [2.7] Valley Nalbari, Goalpara and [2.7.1] Ohubri 22 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Central Darrang, Sonitpur, Assam Brahmaputra Nagaon and Marigaon Valley [2.7.21 Eastem Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Assam Brahmaputra Tinsukia, Sibsagar, Valley Dibrugarh, Jorhat and (2.7.3] Golaghat The Deccan Semi-Arid Aravalli Range and Ajmer, Alwar, Banswara. Rajasthan Plateau Rajasthan The Associated Chittaurgarh (Part). [3] [3.1] Uplands Dungarpur, [3.1.11 Jaiput, Sirohi and Udaipur Semi-Arid Uplands Bhilwara, Bundi, Kota, Rajasthan of Eastern Jhalawar, Tonk and Rajasthan pocket of Chittaurgarh [3.1.~] Banas-Chambal Bharatpur, Dhaulpur and Rajasthan Basin Sawai Madhopur [3.1.3) Uttar Pradesh Jhansi Uplands Banda, Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh Uplands [3.2.1J Jalaun, Lalitpur [3.2] and Jhansi Mirzapur Uplands Mirzapur and Sonbhadra Uttar Pradesh [3.2.21 Bihar-West Ranchi Plateau Palamu, Ranchi, Gumla Bihar Bengal Uplands [3.3.1] and Lohardaga [3.3] Hazaribag Plateau Dhanbad, Hazaribag, Bihar [3.3.2] Giridih, Dumka, Deoghar, Godda and Sahibganj Puruliya Uplands Puruliya West Bengal [3.3.3] Singhbhum Plateau Pashchimi Singhbhum Bihar [3.3.4] and Purbi Singhbhum Northern Northern Madhya Bhind, Datia, Guna, Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Ravine Gwalior, Morena and Pradesh Uplands-West Shivpuri Uplands [3.4.1] [3.41 23 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Northern Madhya Chhatarpur, Panna and Madhya Pradesh Pradesh Uplands- Tikamgam Central [3.4.2] Northern Madhya Rewa, Satna, Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh Pradesh Uplands- Sidhi and Surguja East [3.4.3] Central Sagar Plateau Damoh, Sagar Madhya Pradesh Madhya [3.5.1] and Vidisha Pradesh Plateau [3.5] Bhopal Plateau Dewas, Indore, Raisen, Madhya Pradesh [3.5.2] Bhopal and Sehore Ratlam Plateau Dhar, Jhabua, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh [3.5.3] Ratlam, Rajgarh, Shajapur and Ujjain Southern Narmada Region Balaghat, Betul, Madhya Pradesh Madhya including Flanks of Chhindwara, Hoshangabad, Pradesh Vindhya and Jabalpur, West Nimar, Uplands Satpura East Nimar, Mandla, [3.6] [3.6.1] Narsimhapur and Seoni Mahanadi Basin Bilaspur, Durg, Raigarh, Madhya Pradesh [3.6.2] Raj Nandgaon and Raipur Madhya. Pradesh Bastar Madhya Pradesh Dandakaranya [3.6.3] Northern Tapti-Puma Amravati, Akola, Buldana, Maharashtra Maharashtra Valley Dhule and Jalgaon [3.7] 13.7.1] Wardha Penganga Bhandara, Chandrapur, Maharashtra Wainganga Plain Gadchiroli, Nagpur, (3.7.2] Wardha and Yavatmal Maharashtra Eastern Plateau Aurangabad, Jalna, latur, Maharashtra Plateau [3.8.1} Bid, Kolhapur. Nanded, [3.8] Osmanabad. Parbhani, Sangli and Solapur 2'4 (1). (2) (3) (4) (5) Western Plateau Ahmadnagar, Nashik, Maharashtra with protruded . Pune and Satara Hills (3.8.2] Kamataka Northern Belgaum, Bidar, Bijapur Kamataka Plateau Kamataka Plateau and Gulbarga [3.9] [3.9.1] Central Karnataka Bellary, Chikmagalur, Karnataka Plateau Raichur, Chitradurga, [3.9.2] Dharwad, Shimoga and pocket of Tumkur 'Southem Bangalore Rural, Karnataka Karnataka Plateau Bangalore Urban, Kodagu, [3.9.3] Hassan, Kolar, Mandya, Mysore and Tumkur (part) Tamil Nadu Eastern Flanks of Coimbatore, Madurai, Tamil Nadu Uplands Sahyadri Nilgirf, Dindigul-Anna [3.10] [3.10.11 and Periyar Tamil Nadu Tiruvannamalai Tamil Nadu Uplands Sambuvarayar, (3.10.2] North Areat Ambedkar, Dharmapuri and Salem Andhra Godavari Karimnagar, Khammam Andhra Pradesh Plateau Depression and Warangal [3.11 ] (3.11.11 Telangana Plateau Adilabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh l3.11.2] Medak,' Mahbubnagar, Nizamabad and J Rangareddi . Krishna Piedmont Nalgonda Andhra Pradesh Plain [3.11.~] Rayalaseema Anantapur, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh 13.11.4] Cuddapah• and Kumool 25 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Orissa Northern Orissa Dhenkanal, Kendujhar, Orissa Highlands Highlands Mayurbhanj, Sambalpur [3.12] [3.12.1] and Sundargarh Southern Orissa Phulabani, Balangir, Orissa Highlands (Orissa Ganjam, Kalahandi Dandakaranya) and Koraput [3.12.2] The Coastal Gujarat Region Gujarat Plain Ahmadabad, Bharuch, GUjarat, Plains and [4.1] [4.1.1] Banas Kantha, Dadra & Nagar Islands Gandhinagar, Kheda, Haveli U.T. and [4] Mahesana, Sabar Kantha, Daman & Sural, Vadodara, Valsad, DiuU.T. . Daman and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Eastern Hilly Panch Mahals and Gujarat Region The Dangs [4.1.2] Kalhiawar Amreli, Bhavnagar, Gujarat and Peninsula Jamnagar, Junagadh, Daman & Diu U.T. [4.1.3] Surendranagar, Rajkot and Diu Kachchh Peninsula Kachchh Gujarat [4.1.4] Western Maharashtra Greater Bombay, Maharashtra Coastal Region Littoral Raigarh, Ratnagiri, {4.2] [4.2.11 Sindhudurg and Thane Goa Coast North Goa and Goa [4.2.2] South Goa Karnataka Coast Utlara Kannada and Karnataka [4.2.3] Dakshina Kannada North Kerala Coast Kasaragod, Kannur, Kerala and [4.2.4] Kozhikode, Wayanad Pondicherry U.T. and Mahe Central Kerala Emakulam, Kottayam, Kerala Coast Idukki. Malappuram, [4.2.5] . Palakkad and Thrissur 26 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) South Kerala Coast Alappuzha, Kerala [4.2.6] Pathanamthitta,. Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam Eastern Kanniyakumari Kanniyakumari Tamil Nadu Coastal Region Coast [4.3] [4.3.1] Sandy Littoral Pasumpon Muthu Tamil Nadu [4.3.2] Ramalinga Thevar, Ra manathapu ram, Kamarajar, Chidambaranar and Tirunelveli Kattabomman Coromandel Coast Chengalpattu M.G.R., Tamil Nadu [4.3.3] Madras, Thanjavur, Tiruehirappalli, South Areot, Pudukkottai, Karaikal and Pondicherry Pondicherry U.T. Southern Andhra Nellore and Prakasam Andhra Pradesh Coastal Plain [4.3.41 Krishna Delta Guntur and Krishna Andhra Pradesh [4.3.5] Godavari Delta East Godavari, West Andhra Pradesh and [4.3.6] Godavari and Yanam Pondicherry U.T. Northern Andhra Srikakulam, Vizianagaram Andhra Pradesh Coastal Plain and Visakhapatnam [4.3.71 Mahanadi Delta Baleshwar, Cuttaek Orissa [4.3.8] and Puri The Islands Andaman and Andamans and Nicobars Andaman and [4.4] Nicobar Islands Nicobar Islands U.T. [4.4.1] Lakshadweep Lakshadweep Lakshadweep U.T. [4.4.2] 27 PART-II REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF SIKKIM REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF SIKKIM Sikkim is a very small billy state in the_Dorth-eastem Himalayas and -lies between 2'1'- 04'4611 and 28° 07' 4811 north latitudes and 88° 00' 58" and ggo 55' 25" east longitudes. The area of 2 -the :state is ,7096 km. • which stretches 112 kms from north to south and 64 kms from east to west. Sikldm is bounded on the north by Tibet plateau (China) on the east by Cliumbi valley·otl'ibet·, (China) and Bhutan on the west by Nepal and contiguous by Darjeeling District of West Bengal which limits its southern boundary. Sikkim became 22M full-fledged state of the Indian Union with effect from April 26, 1975. The Legislative Assembly adopted a resolution on April 10, 1975 abolishing the institution of Chogyal and seeking for the territory full statehood in the Indian Union. Sikkim ,means 'New Palace' in Nepali language. Sikkim is called "Denzong" (land of rice) by Tibetans and it is also named "Nye-ma-el" (heaven) by aborigines the Lepchas of Sikkim. According to the 1991 census, the total population of the state is 4,06,457 persons made up of 216,427 males and 190,030 females. It occupies 31st position in terms of population size of the country. For the sake of administrative convenience the state in 1991 stood divided into 4 districts and 8 sub-divisions (two sub-divisions in each districts). The state has in a11453 villages, of which 6 are uninhabited. In addition, there are 8 urban centres of which only one is class-Ill and seven are class-VI. The total number of occupied residential houses in the state are 76,238 of which 69,159 and 7,079 are in rural and urban areas respectively. As per 1991 census, the population of the state is 4,06,457 (216,427 males and 190,030 females) of which 369,451 persons live in rural areas and 37,006 in urban areas. The figure shows that 91 per cent population of the state reside in rural areas and only 9 per cent of the total populatjon live in urban areas. Natural Regions The state falls in the 1.4. Meso Region, namely North Eastern Himalayas of the Macro Region 1. the Northern Mountains of the Natural Division of India. It includes 4 micro regions i.e. 1.4.1, 1.4.2, 1.4.3 and 1.4.4. Sikkim Himalaya (1.4.1) is one of these regions. 1.4.1. Sikkim Himalaya consists of 4 districts namely, North District (Mangan), East District (Gangtok), South District (Namchi) and West District (Gyalshing). Each district of the state is further divided into two sub-divisions namely, Chungthang and Mangan in North District, Gangtok and Pakyong in East District, Namchi and Ravong in South District and Gyalshing and Soreng in West District. Sikkim consists of nearly two-thirds of very high mountains perpetually covered with snow from which descend glaciers like Talung, Zemu, Lhonak etc. Nomadic tribes are seen in the summer with the yaks and sheeps in these regions. The state being a part of inner mountain ranges of Himalayas, is hilly ,having varied elevation ranging from 300 metres to 7000 metres. The largest portion of Sikkim is in its north-west, a large number of mountains having altitude about nine thousand metres stand here with Kanchenjunga (8598 m), the third highest peak in the world. The high serrated, snow-capped spurs and peaks crowned by Kanchenjunga \ look attractive consisting of Kumbha Kama (7711 m), Pendem (6706 m) , Narsingh (5825 m), Kabru Dome (6545 m) on the left of Kanchenjunga and Simvo (2828 m), Tent (7315 m), Nepal (7163 m), Pyramid (7132 m), Ftuted (6888 m) and Siniolchu (4858 m) peaks on the right. Along the north -south Singalila range, the peaks from north to south are Jonsong peak (7442 m), Kanchenjunga, Kabru etc.. The great Himalayas in Sikkim run eastwards from Kanchenjunga to Kanchengyao (6889 m). A number of glaciers descend from the eastern slopes of Kanchenjuga into Sikkim where snowline is found normally above 5300 metres in Sikkim. The biggest of theqt 31 is Zemu glacier, from whose snout above Lachen monastery rises the Tista River. It is joined by the Goma Chhu from the north. The Lachen Chhu rises from Pauhumi and joins the Tista river at Chungthang. There is a striking contrast between the deep gorge-bottom of the Tista and enclosing mountains including the Kanchenjunga group. Within a few kilometres of the rise of the Tista River from the Zemu glaciers snout, it drops to 1000 metres near Singhik (Mangan) in the North District of state. A number of passes lead to the Chumbi Valley across the Donkya range. Two important passes are Nathula and Jelepla. In Sikkim Tista is the main river of the state and its main tributaries are Lachung Chhu, Longbo Chhu, Poke Chhu, Umran Chhu. Dik Chhu, Rangphap Chhu, Rongni Chhu, Rangpo Chhu etc. which formed the main channels of drainage from north to south. Other important channel is Rangit River and its main tributaries are Kayam Chhu, Rongdung Chhu, Relli Chhu, Rathang Chhu, Kalej Khola, Rishi Khola, RamamJRongbong Khola etc.. The Rangit River flows north to south and then after west to east direction and meets the main channel ''Tista River" between ¥elli and Tista. The climate of Sikkim is extremely varied largely due to variations in altitudes. Sikkim has a Himalayas type or high mountain type of climate. Altitude is the most important factor controlling the climate and weather conditions in the state. Relief features such as high mountains act as barriers for the movements of monsoon winds. Low temperature, high rainfall on windward slopes, comparatively dry on the leeward side and heavy precipitation in the form of snow of the top mountain are the main features of the climate in Sikkim. Due to great variation in sharp-edged mountains throughout the state, there is a large variation in rainfall and temperature in the state. The Himalayas act as a barrier to monsoon winds forcing them to ascend and cause orographic rainfall and snowfall in the state The Himalayas also act as a barrier for the flow of cold winds from Central Asia, resulting heavy snowfall on the mountain tops and higher elevations and dry winter season at lower elevation of the state located at the leewardside. The monsoon winds dominate the climate of Sikkim. There is a seasonal reversal of winds almost throughout the state. The monsoon imposes a seasonal rhythm which is apparent in the activities of the people as about 50 per cent of them depend on agriculture. The following four seasons are distinguished on the basis of the monsoon circulation over the state: 1. The cold weather season -Uecember - February 2. The Spring weather season - March - May 3. The South-West monsoon - June - September 4. The period of retreating monsoon - October - November The mean annual rainfall varies from 2000 mm. to 4000 mm. with intensity of rain from drizzling showers in lower altitude to torrential rains in higher altitude. Climatic factors are entirely influenced by altitude in Sikkim. To have a better understanding of the climate with respect of land use pattern, the following climatic' types are distinguished:- , 1. Snow peak type:- This climate conforms with altitude of 4001 metres or more above the mean sea level. The mountain peaks are mostly covered by snow. Precipitation is mainly through snowfall. Cultivable land is not available in this climatic type. Vegetation is mainly herbs or medicinal herbs. 2. Densely forested hilly type:- These climatic conditions are found between 2701 metres and 4000 'riietr'es 'abov..e·'the mean ·sea level. The Jand has dense vegetation with tall tre~,.and variety of rhododendron and priinula flowers. It is mostly covered by snow during the winter 32 and precipitation is through snow and heavy rainfall during summer. Winter is extremely cold. Potato and cabbage are cultivated during summer months at Thangu. Lachen and Lachung in North District of Sikkim. The region is mostly inhabited by Bhutias, Lepchas and Sherpas. 3. Very high hill type:- Such climatic conditions are associated with the height between 1701 metres and 2700 metres above the mean sea level. Snowfall is common during winter months i.e. December-February and heavy rainfall during June-July. This climate is suitable for seed potato growing. Other alternative crops are temperate fruit plants, cabbage, peas, raddish and other vegetables. Soyabean, high altitude maize and off season cabbage cultivation is common. Lachen, Lachung, Ravongla. Damthang, Phadamchen, Zuluk, Okhrey, Hilley, Bhareng and Ribdi are important areas in this climatic type. 4. High hill type :- The climate in between 1501 metres and 1700 metres above the mean sea level falls under this category. Precipitation is mainly through rainfall. This is essentially a cardamom growing belt. Other important crops of the zones are maize, peas, millets, vegetables, etc. Usually a dry weather with occasional drizzling in winter and heavy rainfall in summer are the characteristics of this climatic type. 5. Mid hill type :- Such climate is found between 881 metres and 1500 metres above the mean sea level. This is essentially an orange belt, most suited for orange cultivation. Winters are cold and dry without any rain and summers with heavy rainfall. The other crops are maize, paddy, oilseeds, pulses, cardamom, ginger and vegetables etc. 6. Low hill type :- The climate between 300 metres and 880 metres above the mean sea level may be called low hill type. This climate is essentially a sub-tropical type and suitable for cultivation of sub-tropical fruits such as banana, guava. lemon and lime etc.. Most of the area is under paddy cultivation. Other important crops are maize, pulses, oilseeds, ginger and vegetables. The winters are dry and comparatively warm and the summers are hot and have comparativeJy Jess rainfall. ' Thus the climate and seasons of Sikkim are suitable for growing a large varieties of crops. Paddy, maize, millets, pulses arc the principle crops and large cardamom, potato, ginger and other horticultural crops are cash crops. Orange is also a commercial fruit of Sikkim. National Bureau of Soil Survey and Landuse Planning crCAR) conducted soil survey and has established three groups as are given bclow:- 1. Udalfs - High base status soil of humid region. 2. Orthents - Recently formed soil. 3. Ocbrepts - Shallow black, brown al,ld alluvial soils. The characteristics of soil of Sikkim are variable from one place to another due to variation in topography. Following characteristics are found:- Texture - Loamy sand to silty clay loam. Depth _ From ten inches and in some places practically nil to several feet deep depending upon the weathering process it underwent. Soil reaction'--:All acidic, about 50% baving PH 5-0 & below about 45% 'baving'PH 5.0 to 6.0 and rest PH 6.0 & above. 33 Organic matter content- High, mostly between 2 % to 5 % but low upto 1 and high upto 10 per cent are available. Available nitrogen - About 60 per cent low, 30 per cent medium and 10 per. cent high. Available phosphorous - About 30 per cent low, 35 per cent medium and 35 per cent high. Available potash -About 20 per cent low, 35 per cent medium and 45 per cent nigh. Lime required - Mostly upto two tonnes per acre but varies from 0 to 16 tonnes per acre. Geology and soils also support the sub-micro regions delineated in Sikkim. The structure and topography of Sikkim state are not conductive to the discovery and exploration of minerals as thrusts so complex that it is extremely difficult to locate rich pockets of minerals. Sikkim is endowed with rich geological resources. These have not been made to estimate the quality and quantity of the occurrence of base metals, graphite, dolomite and coal. Base metal is found in Rangpo, Dikchu and Pacheykhani-Rorathang in east district and Sagdumb. near Chakung in west district. Fairly large occurrence of dolomite is known in the Rangit River Valley at Rishi (West District) and minor occurrence of banded dolomite is known near Bhanjyang (South District). Graphite is known to occur in the western parts of the state at Chitrey. Coal occurs in the Rangit River Valley and Namchi area (South District) and some other minerals, namely, tungsten, tale magnesite and rock phosphate etc have been found. The rural economy is mostly a mixed economy of agriculture and animal husbandry. The factors explaining the distributional patterns of rural population relate mostly to the culturable land. Agriculture covers only 11.2 per cent of the total area. However 91 per cent of population live in rural areas and are dependent on agriculture for the livelihood. Population is concentrated along rivers ( rivulets), where the small patches of culturabl.e land are available. North District (except southern portion), some western portion of the West District and some eastern portion of the East District are snow bound areas and on account of this, these are not populated. Animal husbandry (cattle, buffaloes, sheeps, goats, yaks, poultry and pigs) forms an integral part of the economy of Sikkim. A large percentage of the population is engaged in it. East District is highly populous district of the state having 178,452 persons. South District and West District have almost equal proportion of population of 98,604 and 98,161 respectively. North District (31,240 persons) has lowest proportion of popUlation of the state. The percentage of urban population of the state is much lower in comparison to India's urban population (25.71 per cent). The proportion of urban population is highest (17.86 per cent) in East District and the lowest (1.80 per cent) in West District. North District and South District claimed urban population 2.57 per cent and 2.61 per cent respectively. The reason for higher percentage of urban popUlation in East District is that the capital town (Gangtok) of the state and other two towns (Singtam and Rangpo) are situated and other regions may be due to location of industrial establishments, manufacturing of implements, factories and availability of commercial and other services. The urban population of North, South and West Districts is almost insignificant. The percentage of urban population declined during 1981-91 due to limitation of urban jurisdiction of towns in the state. In 1991 census Sikkim has 216,427 males and 190,030 females making the sex ratio 878 females per 1000 males. The sex ratio of the state is lesser as compared to the nation " India" (927 females per 1,000 males). 34 In the districts of the state, West District has highest sex ratio of 915 females per 1000 males. It is 892 and 859 females per 1000 males in South District and East District respectively and lowest in North District with 828 females per 1000 males. . The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Sikkim are listed in the Constitution (Sikkim). Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes order 1978. It is noted that Scheduled Castes are recognised only among Hindus and Sikhs while the members of Scheduled Tribes may belong to any religion. According to the 1991 census 24,084 persons are Scheduled Castes constituting 5.93 per cent of total population of Sikkim. There are 5.77 per cent Scheduled Castes in rural areas and 7.43 per cent in urban areas of the total population. It reveals that they are mainly confined to rural areas by residence. Like general population they are unevenly distributed in the state. The maximum concentration of Scheduled Castes is found in East District (6.99 per cent to total population). South District closely followed with 5.64 per cent and West District 5.02 per cent. Lowest Scheduled Castes population is noticed in northern parts of the state where only 2751 persons are found which works out to 3.56 per cent of the total population. As per the 1991 census 90,901 persons have been returned as Scheduled Tribes constituting 22.76 per cent of the total population of the state. The proportion of Scheduled Tribes to total population is above 50 per cent (55.38 per cent) in North District. However highest number of SchedUled Tribes (37,632 persons) are in East District standing at 21.09 per cent to total population. The population of Scheduled Tribe in South District (16,671 persons) and West District (19,297 persons) consitute16.91 per cent and 19.66 per cent respectively to the total population. The overall density of popUlation of the state is 57 persons per km2.as against the all India average of 267. The density of population is strikingly uneven. Density of population in each of four districts is lower as compared with all India average. However, East District and South District having density of 187 and 131 persons per Km2 are comparatively more populous than other two districts viz. West District (84) and North District (7) in the state as depicted on the map. These districts have access to plains, the beller means of transport and consequently a number of commercial centres. Besides, Gangtok the capital of the stale is situated in the East District. The population (1991) of Gangtok town is 25,024 persons which constitute about one seventh of East District and one-sixteenth of the state as a whole. The land in these two districts (East and South) is comparatively fertile with good climatic condition than others (West and North). A few small scale in For better administration each district of the state is divided into 2 sub-divisions viz. Chungthang and Mangan in North District, Gangtok and Pakyong in East District, Ravong and Namchi in South District, and Gyalshing and Soreng in West District. Density within the district in sub-micro regions also varies as these regions within the districts have been delineated on the basis of physio-geo~aphical factors and homogeneity. Gangtok Region' is thickly populated (372 .persons·· per. kIn .) in East District. The next higher 2 density of population is in Tista RiverValley Region (320 persons per km .) in the same district. 35 Rest of the two regions of the district are sparsely populated. The density of Tista Upper Valley 2 Region in North District is as high as 89 persons per km • while the remaining two regions of the 2 same district have recorded 1 person per km • and uninhabited (in 1.4.1.3 Northern Hills and Ice Caps). Namchi-Melli Region and Tista-Rangit Hill Land in South District have density of 234 2 and 138 persons per km • respectively. North portion of South District and West District have low density but southern and eastern portion 1.4.1.1. Rangit River Valley of West District has 2 significantly higher density of population of 200 persons per km • A person who can both read and write with understanding in any language is taken as literate. The percentages of literates have been calculated to the total population excluding the population in the age-group 0-6. The literacy rate of the state as a whole is 56.94 per cent. The male literacy, however, is substantially higher i.e. 65.70 per cent as against 46.76 per cent of female literacy. Social constraints might have been the reason for low literacy among the females but the social constraint is also changing rapidly and there is a definite sign of substantial effort by the females to become literate. In Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes the literacy rates are slightly lower than the state average. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes literacy rates are 51.03 per cent and 59.01 per cent respectively. In rural and urban bifurcation regarding literacy, the urban literacy rate (80.89 per cent) is much higher in comparison to rural literacy (54.39 per cent). The male literacy rate is more than the female literacy rate in rural and urban areas. East District is having highest percentage of literacy i.e. 65.13 per cent. It is followed by South District (54.08 per. cent) and North District (5355 per cent). The lowest literacy rate is found in West District (45.62 percent). The proportion of Main-Workers to total population in the state is 40.45 per cent. The proportion of Main-Workers to total population is higher in West District (44.32 per cent) followed by North District (42.90 per cent). The lowest percentage of Main-Workers is recorded in East District (37.14 per cent) whereas South District stands at 41.80 per cent of Main-Workers to total population. The proportion of male Main-Workers to total male population in the state is 50.82 per cent. It is seen that the proportion of female Main-Workers (28.63per cent) to total female population is far behind the male counterparts. It is observed that the major participation of Main-Workers is Cultivators (57.84 per cent) among Main-Workers of the state. Females proportion of Main-Workers as Cultivators (71.74 per cent) to total female Main-Worker is much more than male Cultivators. Within the broad framework of a physio-geographic regional plan for the stale, the framework of an area development plan at the district level should illustrate two things, one ,is a land use plan and other one is of the proposed integration of villages around some important settlements as the focal points. The regional plan takes note of the two ways process in which the national plan ought to be formulated i.e. translating the national plan downwards through different ladders of the administrative hierarchy and simultaneous aggregation upwards with this aim we have delineated the sub-micro regions within the districts: 1.4.1 - Sikkim Himalaya (Division) District with code No. Sub-Division with Sub-Micro Region with code No code No. (four tier regions) 01 North District 01. Chungthang 1.4.1.1 Tista Upper Valley 02: Mangan 1.4.1.2 Northern Forested Hilly Region 1.4.1..3 Northern Hills and Ice-Caps 36 02 East District 01. Gangtok 1.4.1.1 Tista River Valley 02. Pakyong 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Runtek-Martam Forested Tract 1.4.1.3 Gangtok Region 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Forested Hilly Region 1.4.1.1 Namchi-Melli- Region 03 South District 01. Namchi 1.4.1.2 Tista Rangit Hill Land 02. Ravong 1.4.1.3 Karchi-Ralong Region 1.4.1.1 Rangit River Valley 04 West District 01. Gyalshing 1.4.1.2 Sombarey-Gyalshing-Yuksam 02. Soreng Region 37 E ..... ::J ~ :g ~ On;c: ~'" (\I' ..... ~ i 1 N 0> N m :z: t\I :::;: 0 ci .¢ g ":. .0 .0 1\i ~ i C\I '4 ~ ! ..m CO 0 ~ OJ 0> ..... C\I C\I '" m ...... :g 'dl'" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~, 0, :8 ~ c: co \ ~ 1& '", ~ ~ ~ tti ..... :::> I ~ ~ -< -< -< -< -< .5 :::>~ z z z z z 5 'g> II: 1i! ~ ~ ~ N :::;:~ II:'" '" J. (/) '" co '0 CO :g ~ '"~ N m t- N ~ ~ < I ..... i~ i~ ~ i'5' 'SN I ~ § ~~ ~ t ~~ '" '" a ~ ~ J: ~ I II: t- :? II: II:i~ ., =>,t i a: .a~~ co ~i l f,t ~'S !~ Z~II: ~ ~~'"C!l> :::;: "! 38 c H ~ T •0 • II i ,~ , I i , I ~ I c I , , ,~ ! ,I'" I ! ! i i. , > 0 Ii i! 0 , ' I I Ii l Q I I I I ; I I I i "I I J I I I I I I I I I I J I I ; I: : I I , I i I I ~ I I I' I I I 'I ~ ~ ~ J rI :~ 0 :II: ~, ~ ~! ~ I Ii r J, :!!!i II II .1 ~ •. p ; it !",,,~bW ., I," • U ~} III ,,) 1 , \ \ { , ,/ \ ( GENERAL MAPS J .' 12' 96' ,.. .'l INDIA > , posll'fOlt OF SIKKlM IN INDIA 1991 Boundar. InletnolioooL •.. __ BOUIIdory. SlolelU. 1. Copild 01 Indlo ...... ,' • • • • Copllal 01 Siole/U. T. 12' KlLOMF.TRfS 100 50 0 100 2OO!lOO 400 500 .. - RAJASTHAN _ZID MY i\NMi\[~ I (IJUHMi\) I --l,~· BAY o F BENGAL WO A R A B I AN S E A C.C. I. • '(BURMA) r .Norcondam I. .... ~ .~ (lND)A) .,.. ". .. 12' ;. t) .Barren I. _~lZe (lNI)IA) ""••• *"~ Porl Bloi,. <' : • ANOAAlAN. SEA .". : of- ,'. .;;. V1' • Kovarolli ... ~'f. The.odmirisllolive heodquorlel5 .1 Chondigorh 0.".··· '" _00 HOlyono and Punjab are 01 Challdigorh. ~~ ... CH. CHANDIGARH ...... , P. PONDICHERRY _ R' ! ' Glk. Ganglak N D A N o C Ii: It N ~-_.J..._ ____.J..._ ____ J..._ ____ I ______L ______.__ \. ______.... _ !Z' ElSTIII"~1!IIIIICI 16' III' I" Ill' !I:! , Sa&ed upon Survey of India map with thl pumiulcn of the Surveyor Ganeral of India. CD Government of tndia COP\"iQhr~ 2001 The territorial walers of India extend Into the sea to • "Hstanr;;e of twelve naU11cai mrJ •• maaaufRd from the .pproprl~t. ball lin •• The boundary Ilr Maghalava shown on this map Js -IS Interpreted rrClm lhe Notlh· Eastern Areoil ( Reorganlsltion I Act 1971, but hu yot 16 be verified. 4~ SIKKIM .N 8 E 1NTERNA1'lCIrtAL.... ______ITATE •••••••••••• ___ STATE CAPITAL... ••• ••• ••• ••• * . DlSTlllc:T •••••••••• __• __ DlSTJIICT HEADQUNtTEltS.. ••• ••• Ii> SUI-IIIWIICII •••••• __.:..._._._ SUI-DM$IOH tEADOUARTtRS.. ... O· ~ ...... of ElIot 0i0Irid D L.,': t . .• I'wt of ~ Sub- DIvIoioft • 45 G s E . T " 1++...... 4200 (m) ~.J,...+-f 3000 BOUNDARIES. INTERNATIONAL .. ., ...... _. - • - • - 1800 STATE ...... -. _---- 600 47 SIKKIM 1 8OIl.S z s .,. G E LEGEND BOUNDARIES to B No. SUB-ORDER ASSOCIA liONS tlTER1IATlQIIAL .... _. __._ STATE ...... _._._._ 23 ~ UOALFS-ORTHEHTS $0.\ L ~ .....•. APPROXIMATE TRADITIONAl. HOMenCLA TURE !III • ORTHENTS- OCHREPTS UO"LFS-It~ bon .101111 .... of humid " ..... 103 .GLACIERS AND SHOW CAPS I @G.' ...... I 01 indio ,opyr9hl, lOOl B... d upo. S.... y .f M. mop ..tlh the pormllll4ll 01 Ih. S."'YOI G.. O! 01 .1 india. 49 SIKKIM DISTRIBUTION OF POPULAnON 1991 c o 8 E IlTERNATIONAL , ••• -.-..-.._ STAT£ •••••• •••• ,. _.--.._._ », @ ~ •..-I II ...... ,.fII', bll BaH ..... SIn" .f """ ...... • 1 tile ,,"If- ...... , ..... 51~ SIKKIM GROWTH OF POPULATION 1981-91 (SUB-MICRO LEVELl Name of Districts Name of Sub-Micro Regions Total Population Absolute Decadal Remarks with code No. with code No. Growth Growth 1981-91 1981-91 1981 1991 (in per cent) I 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 01. North District 1.4.1.1 lista Upper Valley 23698* 27,113 3,415 14.41 * 1,508 persons of L.achung R.B.rhas been transferred to 1.4.1.2 1.4.1.2 Northern Forest0d 2567· 4,127 1,560 60.77 * 1,508 persons of L.achung Hilly Region R.B. transferred from 1.4.1.1 and 87 persons of Donkong F.B. transferred to 1.4.1.3 1.4.1.3 Northern Hills 190 * Uninl1abRed (-) 190 (-) 100.00 * 87 persons of Oonkong EB. and Ice-Caps transferred from 1.4.1.2 02. East District 1.4.1.1 Tista River Valley 29011 ' 38,350 9.339 32.19 ' 16 persons of Singtam EB. transferred from 1.4.1 .2 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Rumtek- 26' 17 (-) 9 (-) 34.62 • 16 persons of Singtam F.B. Martam Forested Tract transferred to 1.4.1.1 1.4.1.3 Gangtok Region 05151 @ 135,746 30.595 29.10 @) 56 persons of Ranipool. Pakyong, Rhenocl< and Rongli F.Bs transferred from 1.4.1.4 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Forested 4574@ 4,339 (-) 235 (.) 5.14 @56 persons of Ranipool. Hilly Region Pakyong, Rhenock and Rongli F .8s transferred to t .4.1.3 03. South District 1.4:1.1 Namchi-Melli Region 47194 $ 61,225 14,031 29.73 $ 9 persons of Namchi F.B. transferred from 1.4.1 .2 1.4.1.2 Tista Rangit Hill Land 28667$ 37,356 8,689 30.31 $ 9 persons of Namchi F.B. transferred to 1.4.1.1 1.4.1.3 Karchi-Ralong Region 115 23 (-) 92 (-) 80.00 J 04. West District 1.4.1.1 Rangit River Valley 74732 • 97,762 23,030 30.82 ' 194 persons of Gyafshing, Tashiding, Barnayak and Nayabazar F.Bs transferred from 1.4.1.2 1.4.1.2 Sombarey-Gyalshing- 460· 399 (-) 61 c-) 13.26 t 194 persons of Gyalshing, Yuksam Region Tashiding. Branayak and Nayabazar F.Bs transferred to 1.4.1.1 F.Bs - Forest BIock(s) R.Bs. - Revenue BIock(s) 52 SIKKIM GROWTH OF POPULATION 1881-11 (SUS-MCRO LEVEL' \ 8 ~.' G s l" BOUNDARIES t- B E IITERNATlOHAL.... _. __._ 5TATE ...... _._._._ DISTRICT ...... _._._._ SUil-MICfiO ' ...... ,., ••,., •• , KLOIoIETII£a 'i.t::IliiI::J.tD==:i_...,jj" © Go.__. ., 111M cap,'''''' 2001. Bao.d ""~. S.... ay Df ...... w"" 1M P"""_ af lb. s.r ..V" Gtller" ,f ''Il10. 53 SIKKIM DENSITY OF POPULATION 1991 (SUB-MICRO LEVEL) Name of Districts Name of Sub-Micro Regions Population Area otthe Density of with code No. with code No. Sub-Micro Regions Population 2 (in km .) (No. of Persons Males Females persons 2 per km .) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 01. North District 1.4.1.1 Tista Upper Valley 27,113 14,661 12.452 305 88.90 1.4.1.2 Northem Forested 4,127 2,429 1,698 2,851 1.45 Hilly Region 1.4.1.3 Northern Hills -UNI.NHABITEO- 1,070 and lce-Caps 02. East District 1.4.1.1 Tista River Valley 38,350 20,601 17,,749 120 31~.58 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Rumtek- 17 11 6 53 . 0.32 Martam Forested Tract 1.4.1.3 Gangtok Region 135,746 73,004 62,742 365 371.91 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Forested 4,339 2,370 1,969 416 10.43 Hilly Region 03. South District 1.4.1.1 Namchi-Melli Region 61,225 32,088 29,137 262 233.68 1.4.1.2 Tista Rangit Hill Land 37,356 20,001 17,355 270 138.36 1.4.1.3 Karchi-Ralong Region 23 16 7 218 0.11 04. West District 1.4.1.1 • Rang;t River Valley 97,762 51,035 46,727 489 199.92 1.4.1.2 Sombarey-Gyalshing- 399 211 188 0.59 Yuksam Region Note:· The area of the Sub-Micro Regions has been calculated by the Pianimeter. 54 SIKKIM DENSITY OF POPULATION 1991 -_ ~ I SUB·MICRO LEVEL I " ~ ~1' C - 1- \ E G " EI .. ,:: r"1) UNlNHAiITED ,. I , GI f , 1':,:~:rJ:tlt~. ~I' ( -z, j.:,:..,:; "' .: .... \ r; u1' i~:;:g: :1: ?~1 j ...... I) :11 .... {.l:l. {iTt."HIT .. f.1.. 1 .. ~ UlllNHAIITED.... :.l."'nn [..: :. '.: ...... ~ '.' , V ._., ~ ,... J~i:! .~:().. t j.ril~;~ ~ ) '(' . ",£Hli}\t ~ ~ I G. > , ~ IIJ ~ '. t·' ) t·,· ~ , li ~ Il, IH ( 1.:' !:" lfl ~: !!: 11 y~ ,: } ~ I I'll ~!, "'f" J -<.. ~ ~ ( ~!J ~'f!V' ~ I ~ :,1 ~ f ~ '.L If, \. ,,.. , ~ s G PERSONS PER Km Z B E _ 3OI-1oMl MOVE llTERHATIOHAl .... __• __• __ 201·_ STATE ...... , _.__ ._ m ~Ji··f~<·."".·--4":;""""'~~""_~ " .101._ _-1OO~ .. I ... ••• _ •••'i,. __ .;.;..._~' [ill]]'~ "", - UNIHIIAIITID ICLCMEnIP o 5 0 0 ~ I" "POll SII'VI, If .... IMP .U~ II.. pormll ..... If III. SW"Y'" 6"" .....r 111M. 55 SIKKIM VARIATION IN DENSITY OF POPULATION 1981-91 (SUB-MICRO LEVEL) Name of Districts Name of Sub-Micro Regions 1981 1991 Variation with code No. with code No. Total Area of the Density Total Areaofttle Density In Population Sub-Micro of Population Population Sub-Micro of Population Density of Regions (No. of Regions {No.of Population 2 2 (in km .) persons (in km .) persons 1981-91 2 2 perkm .) perkm .) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01. NoM District 1.4.1.1 Ttsta Upper Valley 23,698 305 77.70 27,113 305 88.90 (+) 11.20 1.4.1.2 Northern Forested 2,567 2,851 0.90 4,127 2,851 .1.45 (+) orr Hilly Region 1.4.1.3 Northern Hills 190 1,070 0.18 Uninhabited 1,070 (-) 0.18 end lce-Caps 02. East District 1.4.1.1 lists River VaDey 29,011 120 241.76 38,350 120 319.58 (+) n.a3 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Rumtek- 26 63 0.49 17 63 0.32 (-) 0.17 Martam Forested Trad: 1.4.1.3 GangtOk Region 105,151 365 288.09 135,745 365 371.91 (+) 83.82 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Forested 4,574 416 11.00 4,339 416 10.43 (-) 0.56 Hilly Region 03. South Disttict 1.4.1.1 Namchi-Melli Region 47,194 262 180.13 61,225 262 233.68 (+) 53.55 1.4.1.2 Tista Rangit Hill Land 28,667 270 106.17 37.,356 270 138.36 (+) 32.18 1.4.1.3 Karchi-Ralong Region 115 218 0.53 23 218 0.11 (-) 0.42 04. West District 1.4.1.1 Rengit River Valley 74,732 489 152.83 97,762 489 199.92 {+} 47.10 1.4.1.2 Sombarey-Gyalshing- 460 677 0.68 399 677 0.59 (-) 0.09 Yuksam Region Note: The area of the Sub-Micro Regions has been cak:ulated by the PlanImeter. The boundaries of Sub-MIcrQ Regions have been readlusted due to 8Om$Chang9$occurred In Revenue Blocks boUndaries (SurWy 01 de . SikkIm ~ bEien completed after1'9B1 CenSus) In 1981 Census and figures have b8en changed accordingly. 56 <.,. It .~~ .... ~, -- nA'rr ...... , '" ...... _ ...... __r ...... _._.__ ___ . r.. t ! f - 8"..... "9 Name of Districts Name of Sub-Micro Regions Rural Population Area of the Rural density with code No. with code No. Sub-Micro Regions of Population 2 (in km .) (No. of Persons Males Females persons 2 per km .) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 01. North District 1.4.1.1 Tista Upper Valley 26,310 14,163 12,157 305* 86.26 1.4.1.2 N9rthern Forested 4,127 2,429 1,698 2,851 1.45 Hilly Region 1.4.1.3 Northern Hills -UNINHABITED-- 1,070 and lce-Caps 02. East District 1.4.1.1 Tista River Valley 31,502 16,562 14,636 120* 262.52 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Rumtek- 17 11 6 63 0.32 Martam Forested Tract 1.4.1.3 Gangtok Region 110,722 58,815 51,907 365* 303.35 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Forested 4,339 2,370 1,969 416 10.43 Hilly Region 03. South District 1.4.1.1 Namchi-Melli Region 58,656 30,571 28,085 262* 223.88 1.4.1.2 Tista Rangit Hill Land 37,356 20,001 17,355 270 138.36 1.4.1.3 Karchi-Ralong Region 23 16 7 218 0.11 04. West District 1.4.1.1 Rangit River Valley 96,000 50,034 45,966 489* 196.32 1.4.1.2 Sombarey-Gyalshing- 399 211 188 677 0.59 Yuksam Region • Area of the towns also included. Note: The area of the Sub-Micro Regions has been calculated by the Planimeter. 58 SIKKIM RURAL DENSITY OF POPULATION I SUB-MlCRO LEVELJ 1991 z G s T 8 E PERSONS PER Km2 JfTERHA110NAL •.•• _.__ ._ 00 )OII'KJ~ STATE ...... _._._._ • ZOI-300 DISTRICT •••• '" '" _._._:.:.::.. ~ 'IlI.~OC @ 1lCI~1EU)W • 0 UJflIlJi"IIHg - ..... •! o @ 0..__ .1 _ "P.7'"'' );01 59 SIKKIM VARIATION IN RURAL DENSITY OF POPULATION 1981-91 (SUB-MICRO LEVEL) Name of Districts Name of Sub-Micro Regions 1981 1991 Variation with code No. with code No. Rural Ateaofthe Rural density Rural Ateaof1he Rural density in Rural Population Sub-Micro of Population Population Sub-Micro of Population Density of Regions ( No. of Regions (No. of Population 2 Qn km~.) persons Qnkm .) persons 1981-91 2 2 per km .) perkm .) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01. North District 1.4.1.1 Tista Upper Valley 22,918 305* 75.14 26,310 305* 86.26 (+) 11.12 1.4.1.2 Northern Forested 2,567 2,851 0.90 4,127 2,851 1.45 (-t) 0.55 HiUy Region 1.4.1.3 Northern Hms 190 1,070 0.18 1,070 (-) 0.18 and Ice-Caps 02. East District 1.4.1.1 Tista River Valley 22,516 120* 187.63 31,502 120* 262.52 (+) 74.89 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Rumtek- 26 53 0.49 17 53 0.32 (-) 0.17 Martam Forested Tract 1.4.1.3 Gangtok Region 68,404 365* 187.41 110,722 36S* 303.35 (+l 115.94 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Forested 4,574 416 10.99 4,339 416 10.43 (-) 0.56 Hilly Region 03. South District 1.4.1.1 Namchi-Melli Region 41.829 262* 159.65 58,656 262* 223.88 (+) 64.23 1.4.1.2 Tista Rangit Hill Land 28,667 270 106.17 37,356 270 138.36 (+) 32.19 1.4.1.3 Karchi-Ralong Region 115 218 (l.53 23 218 0.11 (-) 0.42 04. West District 1.4.1.1 Rangit River Valley 73,035 489* 149.36 96,000 489* 196.32 (+) 46.96 1.4.1.2 Sombarey-Gyalshing- 460 677 0.68 399 677 0.59 (-) 0.09 Yuksam Region Area of the towns also included. Note: The area of the Sub-Micro Regions has been calculated by the Planimeter. The boundaries of Sub-Micro Regions have been readjusted due to some changes occurred In Revenue Blocks bou~ ($}!~.Y.%~qtir~ Sikkim ~ ~en completed.after·.1981 Census) in 1981. Census and figures have been changed acco«fjngly: 60 SIKKIM VARlAnON IN RURAL DENSITY OF POPULAnot4 1981-91 (lUll -=no LaVIl.J .... G 8 E WTERNATIONAL..... ______PERSONS PER I(mZ ITATI...... _. __• __ 1·1~1.'''''''' DlSTRlCT ...... _._.__ . I.• .., ~ mmllII 711.01 AlII MQIII sw·MCftC) . UI • UI mil III M..II·YO.IIO UI • D.tO f:."j ~ 3CI.OI.1Q.OO KL.-TIID t..J ! f II.ICI NIl IILOW ~ ITllIl 2O.CIO. NIl -.ow ® 60 ..._1 01 ..... CGllyI",'. lOC)) 61 SIKKIM SEX RATIO 1991 (SUB-MICRO LEVEL) Name of Districts Name of Sub-Micro Regions Population Sex Ratio with code NQ. with code No. (No. of females per 1000 males) Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 01. North District 1.4.1.1 Tista Upper Valley 14,661 12,452 B49 1.4.1.2 Northern Forested 2,429 1,69B 699 Hilly Region 1.4.1.3 Northern Hills UNINHABITED and Ice-Caps 02. East District 1.4.1.1 Tista River Valley 20,601 17,749 862 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Rumtek- 11 6 545 Martam Forested Tract 1.4.1.3 Gangtok Region 73,004 62,742 859 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Forested 2,370 1,969 831 Hilly Region 03. South District 1.4.1.1 Namchi-Melli Region 32.088 29.137 908 1.4.1.2 Tista Rangit Hill land 20,001 17,355 868 1.4.1.3 Karchi-Ralong Region 16 7 43B 04. West District 1.4.1.1 Rangit River Valley 51,035 46,727 916 1.4.1.2 Sombarey-Gyalshing-. 211 188 891 Yuksam Region 62 SIKKIM SEX RATJO 189t , .... I..EftlJ c z \. $. G NUMBER OF FEMALES PER 1000 IolALES 8 E mm IIOII>KI_ IfT£HNAl1ONAl..~...... _.-._ ~ n1-1OG .rATE ...... _._._._ IHIfg tOt- eo DlSTllltT •••••.•••• _._.__:.._ fOOAICl _ _ -Nefti)", '" ••• __ ••••••••••• __ .M ~ CJ \Ifl'AImD ICI.GMETIIU II.. c.I=-t:0==::l._ ..... 1O 63 SlKKIM MAIN-WORKERS 1991 (SUB-MICRO LEVEL) Name of Districts Name of Sub-Micro Regions Population Main-Workers Percentage with code No. with code No. of Main- Workers Persons Males Females Persons Males Females to total population 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01 . North District 1.4.1.1 Tista Upper Valley 27,113 14,661 12,452 10,994 7,529 3,465 40.55 1.4.1.2 Northern Forested 4,127 2,429 1,698 2,408 1,636 772 58.35 Hilly Region 1.4.1.3 Northern Hills UNINHABITED and Ice-Caps 02. East ~istrict 1.4.1.1 Tista River Valley 38,350 20,601 17,749 14,244 10,155 4,089 37.14 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Rumtek- 17 11 6 9 6 3 52.94 Martam Forested Tract 1.4.1.3 Gangtok Region 135,746 73,004 62,742 50,253 36,183 14,070 37.02 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Forested 4,339 2,370 1,969 1,765 1,183 582 40.68 Hilly Region 03. South District 1.4.1.1 Namchi-Melli Region 61,225 32,088 29,137 25,599 16,222 9,377 41.81 1.4.1.2 Tista Rangit Hill Land 37,356 20,001 17,355 15,607 ~O,625 4,982 41.78 1.4.1.3 Karchi-AaJong Region 23 16 7 12 11 52.17 04. West District 1.4.1.1 Rangit River Valley 97,762 51,035 46,727 43,284 26,314 16,970 44.27 1.4.1 .2 Sombarey-Gyalshing 399 211 188 217 130 87 54.39 Yuksam Region 64 ____--1--.1 __ • ---, iI l I SIKKIM I \ MAlN-WORKERS 1991 I I - "-!l"~"" ~JlJn: . ; 1\: - 111 JI! 'TIlll\" N \ D~ .. 151 . .:·1 ... \.\· .. ···\··:·. }r\~\.i(~!: ::\ \mi1u ;/lltl~I~" - 'h.-v_. .J 11\" ..... } .' '. illl" / ...... // 'll ~ . ' ..... , '. ....' ( .::\11 Ir· ~ .. s PERCENI AGE OF MAIN WORKERS TO BOUNDARIES l- B E TOT AL POPULATION 199\ INTERNATlOHAl •••• _._._._ ~ SSJI'I ~ ABOVE STATE ...... _._._._ so.o1-5"5.oe OCSTRlCT ...... _._._._ mEm SUIt-MICRO ...... 0IIITl4O.Dl-~ I Sial. An,. 1.11.45) Cl '0.00 AI«) IlELOW I @ GU'fernmenl 01 tndlO copyrqtlt. 20( D... ~ up •• S.... , ., Iodl. m." .llh the permJulo" .1 lho Sun.,OT Glneral " In ..., cc:: SIKKIM LITERACY 1991 (SUB-MICRO LEVEL) Name of Districts Name of SuIWacro Regions Population Population Literates Percentage of with code No. with code No. In the age- literates to group~ total population (excluding age-group 0-6) Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 01. North District 1.4.1.1 Tista Upper Valley 27,113 14.661 12.452 5,741 2,938 2,803 11,878 7,577 4,301 55.58 1.4,1,2 Northern Foresled 4,127 2,429 1,698 745 371 374 1,377 1,113 264 40.72 Hilly Region 1.4.1.3 Northern Hills ------_------UNINHABITED ------and Ice-Caps 02. East District 1.4.1.1 Tista River Valley 38.350 20,601 17,749 6,967 3,626 3,341 19.430 12,251 7.179 61.91 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Rumtek- 17 11 6 2 9 8 60.00 Martam Forested Tract 1.4.1.3 Gangtok Region 135,746 73,004 62,742 22,786 11,653 11.133 75,224 45,355 29,869 66.59 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Forested 4,339 2,370 1,969 872 443 429 1,616 1,058 558 46.61 Hilly Region 03. South DIstrict 1.4.1.1 Namchi-Melil Region 61,225 32,088 29,137 11,213 5,646 5,567 29,130 17,884 11.246 58.25 1.4.1.2 TIsta Rangit Hill Land 37,356 20.001 17,355 7,400 3,840 3,560 14,117 9,034 5,083 47.12 1.4.1.3 Karchl-Ralong Region 23 16 7 4 3 7 5 2 36.84 04. West Dlstllct 1.4.1.1 Rangll River Valley 97,762 51,035 46,727 18,836 9,440 9,396 36,023 22,857 13.166 45.64 1.4.1.2 Sombarey-Gyalshlng- 399 211 188 81 33 48 129 84 45 40.57 Yuksam Region 66 SIKKIM LITERACY 1991 I SII-IICII L£f£ll c "> z \.. ,.. PERCENTAGE OF LITERATES TO TOTAL G POPUlA nON (Excluding oge-group 0-61· s T E 8OCJII)ARIES I B ~ 110.01 AM> Aaov'E fifERHA TlOIW. •••• ~ 5(1.01 - fO.OO I Slat. '-~"'Q~ 5U4 I $TATE ...... DlSTRlCT ...... oom 44,DI - 5400 SUI-IICRO ~ ~OQ IoH) aaow CJ I.N'f'ANTED 10 a•• td IIPO" S'"" .f inti. m"" with II" p"... ; ..... " Ih S.... , .. i ...rlll' If In ... SIKKIM SCHEDULED CASTES 1991 (SUB-MICRO LEVEL) Name of Districts Name of Sub-Micro Regions Population Scheduled Castes Percentage with code No. with code No. of Scheduled Castes Persons Males Females Persons Males Females to total population 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01. North District 1.4.1.1 Tista Upper Valley 27,113 14,661 12,452 1,012 543 469 3.73 1.4.1.2 Northern Forested 4,127 2,429 1,698 99 54 45 2.40 Hilly Region 1.4.1.3 Northern Hills ------UNINHABITED ------and Ice-Caps 02. East District 1.4.1.1 lista River Valley 38,350 20,601 17,749 3,988 2,079 1,909 10.40 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Rumtek- 17 11 6 Martam Forested Tract 1.4.1.3 Gangtok Region 135,746 73,004 62,742 8,241 4,269 3,972 6.07 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Forested 4,339 2,370 1,969 253 138 115 5.83 Hilly Region 03. South District 1.4.1.1 Namchi-Melli Region 61,225 32,088 29,137 4,216 2,112 2,104 6.89 1.4.1.2 Tista Rangit Hill Land 37,356 20,001 17,355 1,348 711 637 3.61 1.4.1.3 Karchi-Ralong Region 23 16 7 04. West District 1.4.1.1 Rangit River Valley 97,762 51,035 46,727 4,927 2,518 2,409 5.04 1.4.1.2 Sombarey-Gyalshlng- 399 211 188 Yuksam Region 68 SIKKIM ICIEDLUD CAlTE118t1 ISla ..:III LE\'B.) . c '\\.. ~~ lJl ••••• I z s G PERCENTAGE OF SCHEDULED CASTES POPULATION TO TOTAL POPULATION 1991 BOUNDARIES to B E lNTERNATJOHAl ... . III lO.01 ANI AIOYE STATE ...... '" _ i5..0t-1CI.OO I SIa1. A_ 5.13 J DISTRICT ••••• " ••• _._._._ EEIIm 2.51-5.00 omn 2.50 ANI BElOW KLOUET_ o"'1;4- 0 ~' c==J "'/~ @ Gov .... Ml ..1 or Indla COII-y.rthll XlOl 8... d UPOll 5""1 .f 1IId1c1 map wll~ I~. pI,mJul••• f tho S""10( G•• oral ., Indl •• 69 SIKKIM SCHEDULED TRIBES 1991 (SUB-MICRO LEVEL) Name of Districts Name of Sub-Micro Regions Population Scheduled Tribes Percentage with code No. with Code No. of Scheduled Tribes Persons Males Females Persons Males Females to total population 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01. North District 1.4.1.1 Tista Upper Valley 27,113 14,661 12,452 14,770 7,650 7,120 54.48 1.4.1.2 Northern Forested 4,127 2,429 1,698 2,531 1,354 1,177 61.33 Hilly Region 1.4.1.3 Northern Hills ------UNINHABITED ------and Ice-Caps 02. East District 1.4.1.1 Tista River Valley 38,350 20,601 17,749 4,979 2,605 2,374 12.98 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Rumtek- 17 11 6 12 7 5 70.59 Martam Forested Tract 1.4.1.3 Gangtok Region 135,746 73,004 62,742 30,998 16,326 14,672 22.84 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Forested 4,339 2,370 1,969 1,643 838 B05 37.87 Hilty Region 03. South District 1.4.1.1 Namchi-Mel1i Region 61,225 32,088 29,137 7,077 3,612 3~465 i1.56 1.4.1.2 Tista Rangit Hill Land 37,356 20,001 17,355 9,582 5,028 4,554 25.65 1.4.1.3 Karchi-Ralong Region 23 16 7 12 9 3 5f·17 04. West District 1.4.1.1 Rangit River Valley 97,762 51,035 46,727 19,112 9,977 9,135 19.55 1.4.1.2 Sombarey-Gyalshing- 399 211 188 185 98 87 46.37 YukSam Region 70 " SIK"KIM " SCHEDULED TRIBES 1991 t SUB-MICRO LEVEl ) c z \.. s .,. G PERCENTAGE OF SCHEDULED TRIBE E POPULA nON TO TOT AL POPULATION 1991 801NlAR1ESl 8 IITERNA TJOIIAt. ." •• BJ '0.01 ~ ABOVE " ITATE ...... 10' .. ,. _._._,- ~ 40,01·&0.00 DISTRICT •••••••• ,. _._._._ ...... , ... EIf!!§ 10.01- i.iJ.M l SI tid .,.. Survty .f .... IIIIP .1111 1M , ...... , Ille kvoy., GoMttl ,I ~" 71 SIKKIM PROPORTION OF VILLAGES WITHOUT PRIMARY SCHOOLS 1991 (SUB-MICRO LEVEL) Name of Districts Name of Sub-Micro Regions Name of Sub- No. of Revenu Total No. of No. of Revenue Percentage with code No. with code No. Divisions Villages as Revenue Villages without of Revenue evolved in the Villages as primary Villages without Sub-Micro evolved in schools primary Regions the Sub- schools Micro Regions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 01. North District 1.4.1.1 Tista Upper Valley Chungthang 3 43 2.33 Mangan 40 1.4.1.2 Northern Forested Chungthang 5 Hilly Region 10 6 60.00 Mangan 5 \ 1.4.1.3 Northern Hills Chung!hang and Ice-Caps ---UNINHABITED------Mangan 02. East District 1.4.1.1 Tista River Valley Gangtok ~ 26 3 11.54 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Rumtek- Gangtok 3 3 3 100.00 Martam Forested Tract 1.4.1.3 Gangtok Region Gangtok 57 99 16 i6.16 Pakyong 42 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Forested Gangtok 4 Hilly Region 6 4 66.67 Pakyong 2 03. South District 1.4.1.1 Namchi-Melli Region Namchi 89 90 13 14.44 Ravong 1.4.1.2 Tista Rang;t Hill Land Namchi 8 53 2 3.77 Ravong 45 1.4.1.3 Karchi-Ralong Region Ravong 2 2 2 100.00 04. West District 1.4.1.1 Rangit River Valley Gyalshing 68 116 10 8.63 Soreng 48 1.4.1.2 Sombarey-Gyalshing- GyaIshing 2 Yuksam Region 5 5 100.00 Soreng, 3 72 SIKKIM PROPORTION OF YILLAGES WJTHOUT PRIIlARY SCHOOL 1811 ( S(.6.CRO LEm. I c G PERCEIIT OF VUAGES WITHOUT PRtolARY SCHOO(. 1991 B~$! 8 E AGE "'TERNA TIONAI. " •• -.-.-.- m "AICl. ,uO'lE 'TATE, •••••••• '" _._._._ IlISTRlCT •••• '" ••• _'_'_'_ ~ SI-to SUI~MICIIO ...... • ...... 11 50 8 - G ~ />If:) mow , o '0 \lHItII\~~'TE.O Bu.4 """ Surve, .1 .... _ wi" ,lot ,lit ...... , 1111 '''''''111' lien .... • , """'. SIKKIM PROPORTION OF VILLAGES WITH HIGH/HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOLS 1991 (SUB-MICRO LEVEL) Name of Districts Name of Sub-Micro Regions Name of Sub- No. of Revenu Total No. of No. of Revenue Percentage of with code No. with code No. Divisions Villages as Revenue Villages having Revenue evolved in the Villages as high/higher Villages having Sub-Micro evolved in secondary highlhigher Regions the Sub- schools secondary Micro Regions schools 1 2 3 4 5 S 7 01. North District 1.4.1.1 Tlsta Upper Valley Chungthang 3 43 6 13.95 Mangan 40 1.4.1.2 Northern Forested Chungthang 5 Hilly Region 10 Mangan 5 1.4.1.3 Northern Hills Chungthang and Ice-Caps ------UNINHABITED------Mangan 02. East District 1.4.1.1 Tista River Valley Gangtok 26 26 5 19.23 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Rumtek- Gangtok 3 3 Martam Forested Tract 1.4.1.3 Gangtok Region Gangtok 57 99 14 14.14 Pakyong 42 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Forested Gangto~ 4 Hilly Region 6 Pakyong 2 03. South District 1.4.1.1 Namchi-MeJli Region Namchi 89 90 7 7.78 Ravong 1.4.1.2 Tista Rangit Hill Land Namchi 8 53 7 13.21 Ravong 45 1.4.1.3 Karchi·Ralong Region Ravong 2 2 04. West District 1.4.1.1 Rangit River Valley Gyalshing 68 116' 15 12.93 Soreng 48 1.4.1.2 Sombarey-GyaJsh!ng· Gyalshing 2 Yuksam Region 5 Sereng 3 74 SIKKIM PROPORTION OF yu.uGES WITH HIGH/ HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOLS 1811 I SlJI-MICRO LEVa I c ." •.••••••••••• UIiINIiAiITlI) ...... : " " .' ...... \ '. f" :<,? ..... , ...... :.... :...... ' ~:. '.1 ,:' ..:' ( "': ." ' ...... "':~'" .':: ...... \::~. ~.) ,0' .... j ...... ",.,-"...... _. UNINHAIITED { •••. / •• ; •• \:...... : ••:::::::::::. .:;...... , ", .' . ":.:' ...... ~...... tilL .: .. :.,,:. : ,,'...... : ~...... ,', .... (:;<:\;~.~:;:<; ... :: ."( ''; \ z \.. ;... G PERCENTAGE OF VILLAGES HAVING HlGHI s ., HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL 1991 8 E BOUIIWIIES '" INTERHA TIONAL. ••• ' _.--.- III II NIJ IIIOYIi IlATE ...... , _._._.- ll n5 DISTRICT ...... , _._._._ m - u·~ ...... § I) NIJ IELOW o NIL UNINIIAllliD o • 11>. o @G... r_1 0' ...... PY';/II, l!n4, B... ~ 1Ij>0I SIIfYI, ., .... 111111 llilb lb. ,.,.,1"I0Il .f thl SWV'YOl ....." ...f .... 75 SIKKIM PROPORTION OF VILLAGES WITH MEDICAL FACILITIES 1991 (SUB-MICRO LEVEL) Name of Districts Name of Sub-Micro Regions Name of Sub- No. of Revenu Total No. of No. of Revenue Percentage with code No. with coda No. Divisions Villages as Revenue Villages with of Revenue evolved in the Villages as medical Villages Sub-Micro evolved in facilities with medical Regions the Sub- facilities Micro Regions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 01 . North District 1.4.1.1. TlSta Upper Valley Chungthang 3 43 23 53.49 Mangan 40 1.4.1.2 NOlfhern Forested Chungthang 5 Hilly Region 10 2 20.00 Mangan 5 1.4.1.3 Northern Hills Chungthang and Ice-caps ------UNINHABITED Mangan 02. East District 1.4.1.1 Tista River Valley Gangtok 26 26 10 38.46 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Rumtek- Gangtok 3 3 Martam Forested Tract 1.4.1.3 Gangtok Region Gangtok 57 99 35 35.35 Pakyong 42 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Forested Gangtok 4 Hilly Region 6 16.67 Pakyong 2 03. South District 1.4.1.1 Namchi-Melli Region Namch! 89 90 23 25.56 Ravong 1.4.12 Tista Rangit Hill land Namchi 8 53 20 37.74 Ravong 45 1.4.1.3 Karchi-Ralong Region Ravong 2 2 04. West District 1.4.1.1 Rangit River Valley Gyalshing 68 116 40 34.48 Soreng 48 1.4.1.2 Sombarey-Gyalshlng- Gyalshing 2 Yuksam Region 5 Sorang . 3 76 SIKKIM PROPORTION OF YILLAGES WITH MEDICAL FAClLlTIEI1181 I~~~ Q.' N NIL z G l' PERCENT AGE OF VLlAGES WIl1f IIJEDCAI. FAaJIES 1991 B E NTERNATtONAL •... _ .. __... _ lie 5. »lID ABOVE STATE ••••••••• '" _.__ ._ mtm 28 - 50 DISTRICT. '" ...... _._._._ SUB-NeRO ...... ~ 25 AND BElOW CJNll 10, CJ UIUHHABITED aosed ...... S."IJ of W. m.., with"" perm/II'" of ""0 S..... ,., GO.ln! .r tu... © Go._1 of In'" copyrahl, :I0Il1 77 SIKKIM PROPORTION OF VILLAGES HAVING MEDICAL FACILITIES WITHIN DISTANCE OF 5 Kms 1991 (SUB-MICRO LEVEL) Name of Districts Name of Sub-Micro Regions Name of Sub- No. of Revenu Total No. of No. of Revenue Percentage with code No. with code No. Divisions Villages as Revenue Villages having of Revenue evolved in the Vlllagesas medical facilities villages having Sub-Micro evolved in within distance medical facilities Regions the Sub- of5Kms. within distance Micro Regions of5 Kms. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 01. North District 1.4.1.1 Tista Upper Valley Chungthang 3 43 21 48.84 Mangan 40 1.4.1.2 Northern Forested Chungtl1ang 5 Hilly Region 10 9 SO.OO Mangan 5 1.4.1.3 Northern Hills Chungthang and lce-Caps --UNINHABITED Mangan 02. East District 1.4.1.1 nsta River Valley Gangtok 26 26 9 34.62 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Rumtek- Gangtok 3 3 Martam Forested Tract 1.4.1.3 Gangtok Region Gangtok 57 99 25 23.25 Pakyong 42 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Forested Gangtok 4 Hilly Region 6 3 50.00 Pakyong 2 03. South District 1.4.1.1 Namchi·Melii Region Namchi 89 90 45 50.00 Ravong 1.4.1.2 Tista Rangit Hill Land Namchi 8 , 53 24 4328 Ravong 45 1.4.1.3 Karchi·Ralong Region Ravong 2 2 04. West District 1.4.1.1 Rangit River Valley GyaiShing 68 116 54 46.55 Sorang 48 1.4.1.2 Sombarey-Gyalshing- Gyalshing 2 Yuksam Region 5 20.00 Soreng 3 78 PROPORTION MEDICAL . FAClUTIES WITHINO~~~ DISTANCE OF 5Kma 1881 j ~ . 1 ..,- __.-..\ ~" ( SUI-NICRO LEVEL I' \" ~ "r_/'" ~. '",\ 1- _ A r G ~d .;. . UNlMH'''':~·~''l- ~ ; "j~.~ ~UNI"'KA'ITED .' '~:\.~ . ; I .. ~...... """:.. ..",,' 't. '\ :-~:;':::' :::~: '\ l'I'I ~~... '...... ' \.. _ ." "...... ,... " ...... :~ ... / .. i.\ ,.. " PERCENTAGE OF VlLAGES HAVtlG MEDICAL G FACIUTi£S WTrnN DISTANCE OF 5 Kms s T BOlRIlARIES to S E ~ ,o~A&~ IITERNATJOHAL ..•. _____._ 50 'H:I7t STATE ...... '" _._._._ ~ DlSTRlCT ...... _._._._ DJI[] 21·41 SIll-MICRO ...... , .. .. (:-=-) 20 ~ aaow ICUMPIID DH'L t. .. J ' 10. D UIII~H""ITE~ e.. " ...., s...., .. Dr IIMII "'lip willi !III , ...... f tho $ .....111 ; ...... f In ... ® &"" ... 0.1 ., Irldlo ..",onl, lOOl 79 PART-III REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF DISTRICTS NORTH DISTRICT REGIONAL DIVISIONS, North District is a northern part of Sikkim Himalaya(1.4.1) crowned by Kanchenjunga peak. The district further divided into the following three sub-micro regions on the basis of geology, soils, climate, drainage, natural vegetation and topography: 1.4.1.1-Tista Upper Valley 1.4.1.2 - Northern Forested Billy Region 1.4.1.3 - Northern Hills and Ice-Caps 1.4.1.1- Tista Upper Valley: The region extends over the district in its middle southern side along the Tista River which covers 43 Revenue Villages (40 Revenue Blocks of Mangan Sub division and 3 Revenue Blocks of Chungthang Sub-Division) and 1 town. The area of the region 2 is 305 Km • The rural population of the region is 26,310 (14,153 males and 12,157 females) against 803 persons (508 males and 295 females) in urban areas. The demographic aspects of the 2 regions are characterised by the density of population of 89 persons per km , literacy of 62 percent, . 4 percent of Scheduled Castes, 54 percent of Scheduled Tribes, 41 percent of main workers and sex ratio of 849 females per 1000 males. The contour height of the region varies from 600 metres to 1800 metres. It is a V-shaped valley cut by the Tista River forming gorges at some places. It is narrow in the upper part and widens slightly as the river goes ahead. The soils of the region are udalf-orthents type. Settlements are evenly dispersed lying close to the river/channels. 1.4.1.2 - Northern Forested Hilly Region: This region is bounded in the north and west by Northern Hills and Ice-Caps in the east by Tibet (China) and in the south by other districts of state and Tista Upper Valley. It has vast expansion upto the northern and eastern limit of the state. It shows contour height ranging between 1800 metres and 4200 metres. Forest cover (Alpine vegetation) a common feature in most part of the region except in the north where high peaks, springs, lakes, glaciers, cliffs etc are much obvious. Numerous streams passes through the region cutting the valley very steep. The soils in the region are Udalf-Orthents as well as glaciers and snowcaps on higher altitude. This region is sparsely populated due to topographical reason like uninhabitable and uncultivable land due to high altitudes. Accessibility condition is very poor. 2 This region covers an area of 2851 Km • in which 10 Revenue Villages (2 Revenue Blocks and 3 Forest Blocks of Chungthang Sub-Division and 5 Forest Blocks of Mangan Sub-Division) evolved. The population of the region as enumerated itt the 1991 census slands at 4,127 and 2 shows the density as one person per Km • which is much below the state average density of 57 2 persons per Km • The region ha~ literacy rate of 41 percent, 58 percent of main workers, 2 percent of Scheduled Castes, 61 percent of Scheduled Tribes, Sex Ratio of 699 females per 1000 males and decadal growth of 61 percent. This region is not suitable for human settlement due to high altitude and availability of little patches of cultivable lands. Most of the areas of the region are crowned by Ice-Caps throughout the year. 1.4.1.3 - Northern Hills and Ice-Caps: The region spreads over the northern and western parts of the district. It .has -contour height ranging from 4200 metres and above wilh a' general slope towards the south and east. It is characterised by glacial topography showing the features such as 83 glaciers, moraines, crevasses, lakes, ice-caps etc.. Dongkya, Tista, Goma, Poke and Rukel channels(Chhu and Khola) find their origin and formed the Tista River. The region has high peaks, cliffs, steeps slopes and narrow passes and vegetation is very scanty (open scrubs etc.) . .As soils it is classified as glaciers and snow caps type. No Revenue Village falls under this region. The whole region is found uninhabited in 1991 census. Only seasonal migration takes place during summer season. The local inhabitants of the villages like Lachen, Lachung and Chungthang migrate to higher altitudes temporarily in search of pastures for grazing their cattle and come back to their original places after certain period when temperature falls down and 2 slowly whole area covered with snow. The area of the region is 1070 Km • and whole region is inaccessible for human habitation. 84 CD .. en~ 1a: I : : : ! : ! ! !: I: l W I- III < en :z: z z o en Z :> :::l o o Z I ...J « -gCD I z o 1 c: : Q o : <.? ~ 1U ..'3 ! a: I/) iii I ::J (5 en Z I/) co I- o oCD ~o a f"- 0_ .., c '" :;: 0>0m- ~;; (') C .q- '" c o 0; :2 c c Cl;, ::J UJ i i ~ ~ E~ ~ CD c ~~ €::g_ ~:3" ~~~ '": <'i ~ ~ ~ ~ i I i5 a € zo 86 ------~~------~~------~~------'------~~ i i 8 •c .' T j I 2 ~ 0 ~ : ~ ~ I W H~ ~ ~ i J ~ j, ~ ~ :J ffi f ~ ~ r~ lp - °0 a: III ffi ~d to- 0- ~ ~ ~ III rni5 uO~ Cl ~ ~ z ~. V).J 0 :z: III to- ~~ a: z Q "of o III~ " Z U~ , Y d i N REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES 1991· District Name: North District Census Location Code No. 01 State: Sikkim Name of Sub-Micro Name of Location code No. of Revenue No. of Revenue Remarks Regions with Sub-Divisions No. of Revenue Villages and Villages and code No. with code No. Villages Towns of the Towns as evolved in Sub-Division the Sub-Micro Region 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.4.1.1. Tista 01. Chungthang 3-5 3 villages 3 Revenue Blocks of Upper Valley Chungthang Sub-Division 43 villages and and 40 Revenue Blocks 1 town and 1 Town (Mangan- 02. Mangan 1-40 40 villages and Class-VI, Population: 803) 1town of Mangan Sub- Division. 1.4.12. Northern 01. Chungthang 1-2,6-8 5 villages 2 Revenue Blocks, Forested and 3 Forest Blocks of Hilly Region 10 villages Chungthang Sub-Division and 5 Forest Blocks 02. Mangan 41-45 5 villages 01 Mangan SUb-Division. 1.4.1.3 Northern 01. Chungthang Uninhabited (No Revenue Hills and Block) Forest Block Ice-Caps is in existence in this region) 02. Mangan 89 CD en19 00 ..J ~ CD Wo ..J ~~:J ~:e o ~ '0 CD c: E .2 ~ as 0) ..... o Z~ ..... ~ €o .... Z o ..... ~ Cl € zo 90 ~c: (f) CI> "a.c: ns t'tlO Ole: e: Ole: C e: .Q o c: .Q o (Il (/) ·00 ·0 c: e: .S; .s :~ .S; ~ .~ 010 ns .- a,i:5 t'tl .- e: • 010 C • Ol,o· ::lD c: D• :JD CD .c ::l ns .c. ::l Ins :J Ow ~b5 O(f) ~cn ~ fI) ~ a. :x: :f CIl E-g Et? 0) ... C 0) 8 €fI)OQ) ._ €- o ... ~ z{la:. za0" ,...C'! ,...~ ....~ ,...~ 91 EAST DISTRICT REGIONAL DIVISIONS East District is a part of Sikkim Himalaya (1.4.1) and is sub-divided into the following fOUl Sub-Micro Regions on the basis of geology, soils, climate, drainage, topography, natural vegetation and human settlements:- L4.l.l- Tista River Valley 1.4.1.2 - Samdong-Rumtek-Martam Forested Tract 1.4.1.3 - Gangtok Region 1.4.1.4 - Gnathang Forested Region 1.4.1.1 Tista River Valley : The Sub-micro Region extends over the district in its western and southern sides along the Tista River and Rangpo Khola (ebbu) touching DaIjeeling District of West Bengal. The region bas contours (heights) ranging from 600 metres to 1800 metres with its slope towards western and southern sides upto the bottom of the Tista River and Rangpo Khola. This region has been constituted by 26 Revenue Villages (24 Revenue Blocks and 2 Forest Blocks) and 2 towns (Singtam and Rangpo) of Gangtok Sub-Division considering an area of 120 2 Km • The soils of the region are Orthents-Ochrepts and Udalfs-Orthents. The area is rich in agricultural lands, forests, industries and mines. Sikkim Mining Corporation, Sikkim Himalayan Distilleries, Fruits Preservation Factory, etc. are highlighting the region in the sense of developments. The region is also rich in educational institutions, communication facilities as well as in mini industries. The whole region is mostly cultivated except a few patches of dense mixed forests (jungles) lying close to the rivers and kholas/chhu. This region is 2nd populous region of the district as well as state inhabiting 38,350 persons 2 (20,601 males and 17,749 females) having the density of population 320 persons per Km ., sex ratio: 862 females per 1,000 males, literacy rate 62 per cent (excluding the population in the age group 0-6), main workers 37 per cent, scheduled castes 10 per cent and scheduled tribes 13 per cent to total population. The main crops of the region arc paddy, maize, millets, pulses, vegetables and fruits (like bananas, oranges, etc.). The accessibility condition is better compared to the other regions of the districts as well as the state. 1.4.1.2. Samdong-Rumtek-Martam Forested Tract:- The region lies between Gangtok Region and Tista River Valley. This region has the contours (heights) ranging from 1800 metres to 3000 metres and serves as a water-divide among the Tista River, Raley ehhu and Rongni Chhu. The soils of the region are Udalfs-Orthents. Some important peaks/hills are Namphung (2652 metres) Ragarathai (2360 metres) and Gangchung (2175 metres). The region is entirely clad with open and dense mixed forests (jungles) having almost no occurrence of settlements. It contains only 3 2 Revenue Villages (Forest Blocks) with an area of 53 Km • and is inhabited by 17 persons only. This region is entirely rural. The density of population as worked out is below one person per 2 Km • The accessibility condition is not good due to high altitudes and whole areas are covered with dense mixed forests. 1.4.1.3. Gangtok Region:- This region spreads over southern and middle parts of the district and having contours (heights) ranging from 600 metres to 1800 metres with gneissic rocks, sandstones and shales generating brown hill soils of loamy' character mixed with'pebbles touching 93 Darjeeling District of West Bengal. Being drained by Rongni or Rani Khola and Rangpo Khola with their tributaries, it is characterised by hills, steep rocky slopes, cliffs, falls, significant cultivable patches and scattered patches of dense and open mixed forests (jungles). The region consists of 99 Revenue Villages (56 Revenue Blocks and 1 Forest Block of Gangtok Sub Division and 39 Revenue Blocks and 3 Forest Blocks of Pakyong Sub-Division) and one capital town "Gangtok" inhabiting 135,746 persons (73,004 males and 62,742 females) of which 110,722 reside in rural and 25,024 in urban areas. Being the highest populous region of the district as well as the state, the density of population has been worked out to 372 persons per 2 Km • (highest density of population compared to the other Sub-Micro Regions of the district as well as the other districts of the state and Sikkim itselt). Fertile lands, industrial development projects, better means of transportation and communication and good climatic conditions are the factors for higher density of population in this region. The region has also highest literacy rate (67 per cent) compared to other regions of the state. The propor~ions of scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and main workers to total population are 6 per cent, 23 per cent and 37 per cent respectively. The whole area of the region has fertile lands except few patches of dense mixed forests. This region has good length of metalled roads including National Highway (31-A). The main crops of the region are paddy, millets, maize, pulses, vegetables and fruits. 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Forested Hilly Region:- This region spreads over the eastern parts of the district along the Bhutan and Tibet (China) border. The region has contours (heights) ranging from 1800 metres to 4200 metres above mean sea level covering an area of approximately 416 2 Km • This region evolving 6 Revenue Villages (1 Revenue Block and 3 Forest Blocks of Gangtok Sub-Division and 2 Forest Blocks of Pakyong Sub-Division) and inhabited by 4,339 persons (2,370 males and 1,969 females). It is formed by hard massive gneissic rocks and shallow blaclc/brown alluvial and hilly soils. The altitude being higher towards the north-east, steep slopes high peaks with cols, saddles and cliffs etc. are preponderant over the region. Having high altitudes, the region originates numerous tributaries like Roro Chhu, Lungze Chhu, Rangpo Chhu, Byu Chhu and Di Chhu or Jaldhaka River with significant lakes, viz. Tsongu (Chhangu), Gnathang, Okongteng, Tsomgo, Namtang and Bridangealllying along the eastern margin of the region. Vegetal cover is getting sparse towards the cast. Fairly dense mixed forests (jungles) with the species such as cane brakes, pine, oak and rhododendron are available. There is no sign of human habitation except Gnathang settlement and a few rest houses, viz. Kyongnosla, Tsongu (Chhangu) and Kupup. The region has two main passes- Nathula and Jelepla connecting India with Tibet (China). The climatic conditions of the region are hostile and difficult for human settlements especially in winter season. 94 en z o Ui ~ o ...J c:( Z o -o aw § a: 1il :; Co z o '" o D- « !;t o c -eCD ::J I!) co <') OJ ~ ~ v 010 ~~ >"0 CDC C\I .96 SIKKIM EAST DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 02 REGIONAL DIVISIONS c ,. o s OR" \-I ,_ o a: I en o -s;. yo ? o 1.4. 1.1 .1JsTA lWEI! VAlLEY 1.4.1.2 SIN)ONI"Q4'TEI<-tWITAM FCIII!S'Tfl) T..... C1 1. 4.1.' IlAHGTCIK.GIeN .,. 1. 4 • U ClNA THAllI FORESTED HlLY 11£- 8 E G Noto .. Urlt •• IIl1ltl oro ftOl~ ...I. A L SOILS ..... BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL .. _ _ " STATE ... .. DISTRICT. • SlB·DNlSION . " I II .... "" ...... RESERVED FOREST ... ';.. II .. " •• II II .o.~ vvvvvvvvvvVVVVVVVv " vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvVvvvv VILLAGE HAVING 1000 III ABOVE POPULATION... • VVVVYVVVVVeavvvvvvvv~._.~· vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv"YII- . URBAN AREA...... ~ vvvvvvvvv...,vvvvvvvv~ v'_"VVVVVy'V'Vvvvvvvv..{. v...,,,....,vvvvvvvvvv"::,). RIVER/KHOLA/CtlHU.. ~ '~~~.;~~:;;.~:::~~::::;':J REGIONAL DIVISION ... I. 4. I. I• •• ..:>1:1'. ',vvy )vv., MACRO ______.J.1 .... ,L.".:_1 ..... '~ : : I MESO ______JJ~i~l~i.~.... MICRO ______.....", I __ I 23 ~ UDA~I'S-ORTHENTS SUB-MICRO WITH BOUNDARY ______J_ ORTHENTS-OCKREPTS [ Road lh. seqlHlnco of roCJoional dlvillolll with rof.rw.c.'0 1M ali india map codal up 10 3 tier ] lIasW upon -Survey of Indio map Jiilh tho permIssion 'of the Sur.oyor Goner.1 of In~ia. Gnarcwcnt or India cOj>yrlglJl.. 2101 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES 1991 DlstJIct Name: East District Census Location Code No. 02 State: SiKktm Name of Sub-Micro Name of Location oode No. of Revenue No. of Revenue Remarks Regions with Sub-Divisions No. of Revenue Villages and Villages and code No. with code No. Villages Towns of the Towns as evolved in Sub-Division the Sub-Micro Region I 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.4.1.1. TlSta River 01. Gangtok Sub- 1-21,30-32, 26 vilages 26vilages 24 Revenue Blocks, 2 Forest Valley Division 89-90 and 2 towns and 2 towns Blocks and 2 Towns (Singtam and Rangpo) of Gangtok Sub-Division. 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Martam 01. Gangtok Sub- 3 villages 3 villages 3 Forest Blocks of Gangtok Forested Hilly Division Sub-Division. Tract 1.4.1.3 Gangtok Region 01. Gangtok Sub- 22-29, 33-80 57 villages 56 Revenue Blocks. 1 Forest OMsion and 85 and 1 town Block and 1 Town (Gangtok) of Gangtok 99 villages Sub-Division and 39 Revenue Blocks and 1 town and 3 Forest Blocks of Pakyong 02. Pakyong Sub- 1-42 42 villages Sub-Division. Division 1.4.1.4 Gnathang Foreste 01. Gangtok Sub- 81-84 4 villages 1 Revenue Block and 3 Forest Hilly Region Division Blocks of Gan9tok Sub-Division 6 villages and 2 Forest Blocks of Pakyong Sub-Division. 02. Pakyong Sub- 43-44 2 villages Division 99 ~.... CIS E ...... CD II: C/) ~ ~ ..J .:eil :l"C 9~ CO ~ .2 as W ~ .... C .J:: as ..J Q..£ ct a: :J ~ :J C\I 0 0 I 0 z0 en CD '8 ~ 0 D- c !!!. 0 ·0 10 W (J) CIJ ~(} 0 .....J ~I Ul Z ::J >. Ul 01 .2 0 0 U> c .q- Q) 0 .~ (f) G 0 Q) Q).Y. w C) C U c:: C) e z c 0 -.- .2 (f) 0 .S; I- Q) Z E 0 C') lU III il ~ z :::l W CI) I- - 'O.i, .!! Sen CD c: E.2 1= ~ CIS ~ .,.... Z 0:' .,.... ~ ts ts, I T- O ~ ! 100· o "iii III C/) "(j)~ eJec 0 1.01 SOUTH DISTRICT REGIONAL DIVISIONS South District (03) is a part of Sikkim Himalaya (1.4.1) and is sub-divided into the following three Sub-Micro Regions on the basis of geology, soils, climate, drainage, natural vegetation, topography and human settlements :- 1.4.1.1 - Namchi-Melli Region 1.4.1.2 - Tista Rangit Hill Land 1.4.1.3 - Karchi-Ralong Region 1.4.1.1- Namchi-Melli Region:- The region extends over the district in its southern side along Tista River which includes 90 villages (89 Revenue BlockslForest Blocks of Namchi Sub Division and one Revenue Block of Ravong Sub-Division) and two towns (Namchi and Jorethang). The region covers an area of 262 km2 of the district. It is stated for the reference that region-wise area has been calculated by planimeter. The population of the region as enumerated in the 1991 census stands at 61,225 persons in which 58,656 are in rural and 2,569 in urban areas. It has soft thin slaty half-schistose rocks, shallow brown soil of recent origin and alluvial soil. The contours (heights) are ranging between 600 metres and 1800 metres and sloping in south, east and west directions. Numerous channels (Chhu and Khola) originated from this heights and lastly joined with main rivers (Tista and Rangit). The Sub-Micro Region is having a better cultivated land, though characterised by rugged surface, rocky slopes,_ cliffs and scattered patches of dense mixed forests (jungles). This region has better suitability for human habitation as shown by the concentration of settlementslhutments in the region. Jorethang town is the main town of the district and the area surrounding the town is suitable for setting up of mini industries. The density 2 of the population of the region is 234 persons per km •• The region recorded decadal growth rate as 30 per cent, sex ratio as 908 females per 1,000 males, literacy rate as 58 per cent, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes as 7 per cent and 12 per cent respectively. The proportion of main workers to total population is 42 per cent. The main crops of the region are paddy, maize, millets, vegetables, orange and banana. 1.4.1.2 - Tista-Rangit Hill Land:- The Sub-Micro Region is in the middle part of the district having contours (heights) ranging from 600 metres to 3000 metres and slope towards east and west directions. Numerous channels are generated from the ridges of the hills and eliminated into the main channels (Tista and Rangit rivers). There is considerable area of cultivable land along the sides of the rivers (Tista and Rangit) except the ridges of the hills where the entire area is covered with dense forests and steep rocky slopes in common. Settlements are sparse and considerably small. The region evolved 53 revenue villages (8 Revenue Blocks of Namchi Sub Division and 44 Revenue Blocks and 1 Special Area of Ravong Sub-Division) containing total inhabitant of 37,356 persons (20,001 males and 17,355 females). The area of the region is 270 2 2 km . and shows the density of population as 138 persons per km • Decadal growth rate of the region during1981-1991 is 30 per cent. It has recorded 47 percent of literacy, 4 percent of scheduled castes, 26 percent of scheduled tribes and 42 percent of main workers. The soils of the region are Orthents-Ochrepts and UdaIfs-Orthents type. The main crops of the region are paddy, maize, millets, vegetables, orange and banana. 1.4.1.3 - Karchi-Ralong Region:- It extends.ov.er the northern .part of the district. The region shows. contours (heights) ~ging from 1800 meters to 4200 metres increasing t?wards the north. 103 It is almost entirely clad with dense mixed forests. Steep rocky slopes and cliffs are very common being more ubiquitous in the north. There is considerable roughness on the surface with the features such as flat-top hills, seddles, ridges, etc, The region evolved only tWo Forests Blocks of Ravong Sub-Division of the district, and it was inhabited by 23 persons only. Due to meagre population, the region shows negligible density of population and proportion of literacy, etc.. The region is inaccessible being located in high altitude and most of the area covered with dense mixed forests. 104 ~ E a:G> .,., ~ C\I rn ~ z o en :>c ...J z~ Q Cl w 5 a: ai :; ~ 0> z a. ::I o a: o Q_ ro (5 C') o~ I- (\j e :s..Cl'" ..(\j co c co CD o N N (5 .g. III a: ]9 o .;,;; o ..... I- N <1l '"e Q) 3: 0>0 _!!l- :s:~ o e 0> '" .D .c ::::J ::I CI) CI) Ole or:: c: 0 r:: 0 ~~ ceo ceo~~ gj gj N 1.Q6 SlKKIM SOUTH DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 03 REGIONAL DIVISIONS Ka. , 0- DIK ... tl:~~I~I~i~I======~1 (.) o + 1... .1.1. NAMCHI-MELLI REGION 1.4.1.2. TISTA- RANGIr HILL LAND 1.4.I.a. KARCHI- RALCMG REGION T SOILS 1CIR •• 5 a 1CfIrl.. BOUNDARY STATE '" I=:::::±=:::I .. DISTRICT. • Sue-DIVISION . " •••• e ...... RESERVED FOREST ... ~ ...... '0 .0 •••••o.~ VILLAGE HAVlKG 1000 8 ABOVE POPULATION .•• • URBAN AREA ...... Z!I ~ UOALfS-ORTH£NTS RIVER/KHOLA/CHHU. !SB I~d OIlTHENTS-OCKR£fOTS REGIONAL DIVISION ••• I. 4. I. l ~ 'I' t t MACRO------..• .... I-fal·' .. MESO ______-----J,'...jljooooj)_I I J MICRO ______~I I , .,~ SUB- MICRO WITH BOUNDARY ______--.L_ [ ~d the ••qlMnce of Rolonai dlylslon, with r.fe,.._ to 1M all Indio map code. up to 3 ller ] BaNd upon SurYO)' 0' india map with the permlulon of 1M Surveyor GeMral of Indio. © Gowrnment of Iftdla copyri~. 2001. REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES 1991 District Name: South District J Census Location Code No. 03 State: Sikkim - Name of Sub-Micro Name of Location code No. of Revenue No. of Revenue Remarks Regions with Sub-Divisions No. of Revenue Villages and Villages and code No. with code No. Villages Towns of the Towns as evolved in Sub-Division the Sub-Micro Region 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 .4.1 .1. Namchi-Melli 01. Namchi Sub- 8-43,45-97 89 villages 83 Revenue Blocks, 6 Forest Region Division and 2 towns Blocks and 2 Towns (Namchi 90 villages and and Jorethang) of N8Jl)chi Sub- 2 towns Division and 1 Special Areas 02. Ravong Sub- 46 1 village (Terni Tea Estate) of Ravong Division Sub-Division. 1.4.1.2. lista-Rangit 01. Namchi Sub- 1-7,44 8 villages 8 Revenue Blocks of Namchi Sub- Hill Land Division Division and 44 Revenue Blocks 53 villages an<.! 1 Special Areas (Ralong 02. Ravong Sub- 1-45 45 villages Monastery) of Ravong Sub- Division Division. 1.4.1.3 Karchi-Ralong 02. Ravong Sub 47-48 2 villages 2 villages 2 Forest Blocks of Ravong Region Division Sub-Division. 109 CJ) ..:.:: til E Q) c:: a: :> .g I Ulas Ul ::J _as Q.0 (.)a. ~ ~ C ..J o 0 ti Z ~~ -gI 0(.) C/)..t: '0 .~::: .;::'0 Q) c:: E.Q iii as Ol is ztt ~o C/) .;::o oiii 110 (!) o(/) "iii :c () .!f~ Cii () I e .D .n :J :::l Cf) Cf) OlC :c ~ C 0 () "Cij E ~U) to :~ to :~ ZO a:O I 0) asC a:. as "0 FS1i)c ....."! .....~ • ~ ~ G) "C € ::> 0 Q) U} ...-0 U> :c 0 '? [f) Ol C 0 1ij a: ~ c £.2 ~~ CO? ..- ..-~ =I 12 WEST DISTRICT REGIONAL DIVISIONS West District is a part of Sikkim Himalaya (1.4.1) and divided into two sub-micro regions on the basis of geology, soils, climate, drainage, natural vegetation and topography: 1.4.1.1 Rangit River Valley 1.4.~ Sombarey-Gyalsbing-Yuksam Region 1.4.1.1 Rangit River Valley: The sub-micro region spreads over the eastern and southern part of the district along Rangit river having an area of 489 km? (42 per cent of the district). The region evolved 116 villages (Revenue Blocks/Forest Blocks and Special Areas) and two towns namely Gyalshing and Nayabazar. The region is inhabited by 97,762 persons of which 96,000 persons reside in rural area and 1762 persons in urban areas. The density. of population of the region is 2 200 persons per km. • The region has recorded literacy rate of 46 percent, main workers of 44 per cent, sex ratio of 916 females per 1,000 males, growth rate (1981-1991) of 31 percent, scheduled castes of 5 per cent and scheduled tribes of 20 per cent. The region has hard massive gneissic rocks and shallow blacklbrown hill soils. Rangit river valley shows an average contour height between 600 metres and 1800 metres and general slope towards the east and south. It is drained by the streams viz. Relli, Rathang, Rimbi, Kalej, Rishi, Roatho~ Raman Chhu etc and culminating into the Rangit River alongwith the scattered patches of forests. The region shows also cultivable land inviting habitant settlement and reflects its productiveness. 1.4.1.2 Sombarey-GyaIshing-Yuksam Region: The sub-micro region spreads over the district. In its northern and western side the hard and massive gneissic rocks and Orthents-Ochrepts, Udalfs-Orthents soils are witnessed. The sub-micro region lies between contour height of 1800 metres and 4200 metres sloping towards the south-east. The region is drained by the upper courses of the channels viz. Relli, Perk, Chokchurang, Yangsa Chhu etc. and it is obviously characterised by steep regular slopes, flat-top hills, cliffs, narrow ridges etc. In the extreme north some lakes glaciers, moraines, etc., are also visible. The entire region is forested except in the north. The region has beautiful waterfall, attractive tourist spots, hills tracking ctc. Only 5 Revenue Villages (Forest Blocks) evolved under this region. The number of inhabitants is very 2 low (399) and density is very thin (below 1 person per Km ). Sex ratio is 891 females per 1000 nmlcs, literacy is 41 per cent, main workers are 54 per cent, scheduled tribes are 46 per cent and there is not a single person bel~mging to scheduled lcaste inhabitant in this region. The accessibility condition of the region is not good for the human settlement. 113 j ~ !nl!j ~ ~ HUfH~~i~S!~i· ~ l!'g.. fi ~ ~ .. t: __ .. UiCD~O 0'''' Z '" ~ ..., cog £iE2~ ~ Z-6i=~~.eg. "0 a.._a,t-.. c::. o~co~ss.g .'O!-C: o ..!! ~ (/) ~~l3-g~-;5. z ~ QJg_-g_ Q Q. en ~ 5 :::> :; .C? 7i~l':~ "S c; 'i'lo ;::: 0 z0 g. - & ...J .. Q._ ... ~ "8 z 0 0 t: ~ ;;:)~ a ~ c: UJ .3 0 a: .. ~ 1! ::> C> z '" c. a:::J a'" 0 0 0 D.. ~ ~ <0 « l- 0 e::: .e .... ~ - :;) ::;;0", E g:.: rJ) <= e co ~c a:::> ~-6.o .. :a: ~ II) -< I- _ ].5.g~¥ "!a:~Q)~g ' ~ <") 2:> (/) ~id ~ • z 8 • CII fill :> i' '§ (/)c:l>a: (/)0: c:-. --i. ~ i0 1-14 SIKKIM • WEST DISTRICT ..". 0 CENSUS CODE 04 ~ .,.. REGIONAL DIVISIONS «. , ~ •• o 1&1 o z o RANGIT RIVER VAL.LEY I .... I. Z SOMBAREY- .VALSHIN ...... 1.... ",",,11.... 110 ere ..." ....1. \.. B E N G YUKI"" REGION I SOILS BOUNDARY INi'ERNATIONAL •• _.-...... "_0I====0I==:::I' -- .. STATE ... .. DISTRICT. • .. sue- DIVISION RESERVED FOREST. •• VILLAGE HAVING 10006 AIICl'IIE P()~TION.. • URBAN AREA. ••• • .• RIVER/KHOLA/CHHU. RBlIONAL DIVISION... ••• L t4. I. ~ l' , t t MACRO __ ---- ______'_~I.IIIIIII_ ~ESO ______~I~l .. I I 'M.lCRO______" I SUB-MICRO WITH EIOUNOARY ______ Baud upon Sur")' of india map with the perml ••1on of tho Surveyor GeMrai of indio. Government of india cop~righl ,2001. REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES 1991 District Name: West District Census Location Code No. 04 State: Sikkim Name of Sub-Micro Name of Location code No. of Revenue No. of Revenue Remarks Regions with Sub-Divisions No. of Revenue Villages and Villages and code No. with code No. Villages Towns of the Towns as evolved in SUb-Division the Sub-Micro Region 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.4.1.1 Rangit 01. Gyalshing 1-66,68-69 68 villages 64 Revenue Blocks, River Valley and 1 town 1 Special Areas, 116 viUages and 3 Forest Blocks and 1 Town 2 towns (Gyalshing:class- VI ,population 02. Soreng 1-47 and 51 48 villages 717) of Gyalshing Sub-Divison and 1 town and 47 Revenue Blocks, 1 Forest Block and 1 Town (Nayabazar: class -VI, population 1045) of Sareng Sub- Division. 1.4.1.2 Sombarey- 01. Gyalshing 51 and 70 2 villages 2 Forest Blocks of Gyalshing Gyalshing- 5 villages Sub Division and 3 . Yuksam 02. Sareng 48-50 3 villages Forest Blocks of Sorend Region Sub Division 117 rn ~ E .... CD 0: e ~ .a~ S~ 9 CD w U) .Q~ ...J r:.r:.~~ 0.0 ~ C ...J «a: ::) ~ .:l CD 0 ~ 0 II) I en 0 z0 en CD -0 >- 0 () >- :x: 0> 0- c 0 W 0 '0 v if) ~ CD (.) CJ 0 _J ~I (/) Z ::J UJ 0 C C) Ql 0 c W c o 0 a: "+- 'ro 0 'ro .s; z ru ·s i:5 0 E a C') .D «l .D ::J l- z ::J (/) Z (/) 01 UJ C Ql ~ (5 W CI) a 0 ~ t;:z ~~::l ~~ C\I CDE- ~ .... as~ .,.... Z ..a: ....~ '0 .0 i ~ .,.... a 0 118 ~ c --Q) Co> c as ..c.._ :::::i o :z I $ c: Q) ..c ot Q) Ow> en ro E en ~ eu 119 ( APPENDIX) APPENDIX SHOWING ADMINISTRATIVE CONSTITUENTS BY DISTRICTS WITH REFERENCE TO THE SUB-MICRO REGIONS IN SIKKIM AND ADJOINING STATE OF WEST BENGAL '\ Name of Name of Name of Name of Macro Region Meso Region Micro Regions Sub-Micro Regions with Code No. with Code No. States with COde No. Districts with Code No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 SNOW CAPPED MOUNTAINOUS REGION 1. The Northern 1.4 North Eastern Sikkim 1.4.1 Sikkim North District 1.4.1.3 Northem Hills and Mountains Himalaya Himalaya Ice-Caps MOUNTAINOUS/HILLY REGION South District 1.4.1.1 Namchi-Melli Region North District 1.4.1.2 Northern Forested Hilly Region East District 1.4.1.2 Samdong-Rumtek Martam Forested Tract South District 1.4.1.2 Tista-Rangit Hill Land West District 1.4.1.2 Sombarey-Gyalshing Yuksam Region East District 1.4.1.3 Gangtok Region South District 1.4.1.3 Karchi-Ralong Region East District 1.4.1.4 Gnathtang Forested Hilly Region West Bengal 1.4.2 Darjeeling Darjeeling District 1.4.2.1 Darjeeling Hima!aya Himalaya including Duars VALLEY Sik.lsim 1.4.1 Sikkim North District 1.4.1.1 Tista Upper Valley" Himalaya East District 1.4.1.1 TlSta River Valley West District 1.4.1.1 Rangit River Valley 123