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Puget Sound Seagrass Monitoring Report

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Puget Sound Seagrass Monitoring Report Puget Sound Seagrass Monitoring Report Monitoring Year 2016 - 2017 03/11/2019 RESOURCES L NATURA DNR monitors abundance and depth distribution of native seagrasses to determine status and trends in greater Puget Sound through the Submerged Vegetation Monitoring Program (SVMP) (https://www.dnr.wa.gov/programs-and-services/aquatics/aquatic-science/nearshore-habitat-eelgrass- monitoring). The Submerged Vegetation Monitoring Program is a component of the Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program (PSEMP) (https://sites.google.com/a/psemp.org/psemp/home). Cover Photo: Eelgrass at Dumas Bay, Federal Way. Photo credit: Lisa Ferrier. Puget Sound Seagrass Monitoring Report Monitoring Year 2016 - 2017 03/11/2019 Bart Christiaen Lisa Ferrier Pete Dowty Jeff Gaeckle Helen Berry Nearshore Habitat Program Aquatic Resources Division Acknowledgements The Nearshore Habitat Program is part of the Washington State Department of Natural Resources’ (DNR) Aquatic Resources Division, the steward for State Owned Aquatic Lands. Program funding is provided through the Aquatics Resource Management Cost Account (RMCA). The Nearshore Habitat Program monitors and evaluates the status and trends of marine vegetation for DNR and the Puget Sound Partnership. The Nearshore Habitat Program is grateful to several governmental entities that have provided funding for DNR to expand seagrass monitoring in their areas of interest. Entities that have funded specific studies include: the Suquamish Tribe, the City of Bainbridge Island, the City of Bellingham, King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks – Wastewater Treatment Division, the DNR Aquatic Reserves Program, and Washington State Parks. The following document fulfills DNR’s Eelgrass Monitoring Performance measure. It also fulfills tasks in the Puget Sound Partnership’s Action Agenda by providing information on the status and trends of one of the selected indicators of environmental health in Puget Sound. The authors of this report are Bart Christiaen, Lisa Ferrier, Pete Dowty, Jeff Gaeckle and Helen Berry. Multiple people played a critical role in the video data collection and post-processing for the work summarized in this report including Cailan Murray, Olivia Mitchell, Jessica Olmstead, Lindsay Anderson, and Evan Sutton. The Nearshore Habitat Program would like to give special recognition to Ian Fraser and Jim Norris of Marine Resources Consultants who continue to play a significant role in the success of the project. Marine Resources Consultants showed great dedication and logged many hours of sea time collecting data for the project. Washington State Department of Natural Resources Aquatic Resources Division 1111 Washington St. SE Olympia, WA 98504-7027 www.dnr.wa.gov Copies of this report may be obtained from: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/programs-and-services/aquatics/aquatic-science/nearshore-habitat-publications This report should be cited as: Christiaen B, Ferrier L, Dowty P, Gaeckle J, Berry H (2019). Puget Sound Seagrass Monitoring Report: Monitoring Year 2016 - 2017. Nearshore Habitat Program. Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA. ii Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... i Executive summary ........................................................................................................ 1 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Seagrass ecosystems on a global scale .............................................................................. 5 1.2 Seagrass in greater Puget Sound ........................................................................................ 6 1.3 Monitoring seagrass in greater Puget Sound ...................................................................... 6 1.4 Data access ......................................................................................................................... 7 2 Methods ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Overview of SVMP methods ................................................................................................ 8 2.1.1 Equipment ............................................................................................................................................. 8 2.1.2 Study area, sample frames, and stratification ........................................................................................ 8 2.1.3 Sample polygons and transect selection ................................................................................................ 9 2.1.4 Data processing .................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.5 Studies and site selection .................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Rotating panel design ........................................................................................................ 11 2.3 Repeat transects – sample selection ................................................................................. 12 2.3.1 Repeat transects ................................................................................................................................. 12 2.3.2 Sample selection ................................................................................................................................. 13 2.4 Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 14 2.4.1 Site area estimates .............................................................................................................................. 14 2.4.2 Soundwide seagrass area estimate ..................................................................................................... 14 2.4.3 Change in soundwide seagrass area 04-15, 09-16, 14-17 ................................................................... 15 2.4.4 Multiyear estimates of soundwide seagrass area ................................................................................. 16 2.4.5 Repeat transect analysis ..................................................................................................................... 16 3 Results ......................................................................................................................17 3.1 Overview of the SVMP from 2000 to 2017 ........................................................................ 17 3.1.1 SVMP sample effort............................................................................................................................. 17 3.1.2 SVMP sample effort in 2016 and 2017 ................................................................................................ 21 3.2 Results based on all SVMP data 2000-2017 ..................................................................... 22 3.2.1 Seagrass species in greater Puget Sound ........................................................................................... 22 3.2.2 Spatial patterns in seagrass distribution .............................................................................................. 27 3.2.2.1 Spatial distribution of native seagrass in greater Puget Sound ..................................................................... 27 3.2.2.2 Depth distribution of native seagrass in greater Puget Sound ...................................................................... 29 3.2.3 Soundwide seagrass area ................................................................................................................... 33 3.2.4 Site trends all data ............................................................................................................................... 34 3.3 Results from the rotating panel design .............................................................................. 42 3.3.1 Change in soundwide seagrass area ................................................................................................... 42 3.3.2 Change at the site level ....................................................................................................................... 43 3.3.2.1 Change assessment: 2009-2016 .................................................................................................................... 43 3.3.2.2 Change assessment: 2014-2017 .................................................................................................................... 44 3.3.2.3 Spatial patterns at the regional scale ............................................................................................................. 45 3.3.2.4 Spatial patterns within a site. ........................................................................................................................ 47 3.3.3 Changes in depth distribution .............................................................................................................. 48 3.4 STR vs SRS transects ....................................................................................................... 53 4 Discussion ................................................................................................................55 4.1 Importance of long-term monitoring ..................................................................................
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