1 Elisa Teixeira De Souza O Sistema De François

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1 Elisa Teixeira De Souza O Sistema De François 1 ELISA TEIXEIRA DE SOUZA O SISTEMA DE FRANÇOIS DELSARTE, O MÉTODO DE ÉMILE JAQUES-DALCROZE E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM AS ORIGENS DA DANÇA MODERNA Dissertação apresentada como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Mestre em Artes, pela Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Artes Visuais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes, Linha Processos Composicionais para a Cena. Orientadora: Silvia Adriana Davini BRASÍLIA 2011 2 3 A Célia Couto Teixeira, avó inspiração. 4 AGRADECIMENTOS Gostaria de prestar meus sinceros agradecimentos: À minha querida orientadora, professora Silvia Adriana Davini, pela amizade, dedicação, confiança e competência. Sem a abertura que existiu entre nós e sem as diversas ajudas que me prestou, eu não teria conseguido concluir esse trabalho. Obrigada por ter me acolhido e me acompanhado nesse caminho tão inspirador, desafiador e gratificante. À professora Soraia M. da Silva, por ter participado da qualificação dessa pesquisa, por ter aceitado o convite para participar da banca de defesa e presidir a mesa. Obrigada também por ter colaborado de modo especial com a finalização dessa dissertação, por meio do favor afetuosamente prestado de realizar a revisão final desse trabalho. À professora Rita A.de Castro, por ter aceitado o convite para participar da banca de defesa e por ter participado da qualificação dessa pesquisa contribuindo generosamente com produtivos e detalhados apontamentos. À professora Suselaine S. Martinelli por ter aceitado de modo entusiasta o convite para participar da banca de defesa. Ao professor Jorge das Graças Veloso, por ter aceitado o convite para desempenhar a função de suplente da banca de defesa. A Henrique Filipelli, pelo habilidoso desenho que contribuiu com essa dissertação. À coordenação e secretaria do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes da UnB, pela orientação, apoio e estrutura oferecida durante o mestrado. À minha mãe, Ana Maria Teixeira de Souza, amável orientadora informal, por ter me dado suporte, me provocado e me advertido durante o processo de pesquisa do qual saí transformada. Obrigada pela escuta, pelos conselhos, pela energia, pela paciência e pelo amor que tantas coisas me ensina. A meu pai, Noely Antônio de Souza, por toda a confiança, incentivo e presteza durante meu percurso como mestranda. Obrigada pela ajuda e pelo amor que me nutre. 5 À meus irmãos, cunhadas, sobrinhas e toda extensa família, pela linda alegria que vocês me proporcionam. Obrigada por esse alimento. À minhas amigas e amigos, por estarem do meu lado compartilhando os momentos felizes e os momentos difíceis. Obrigada pela companhia na vida. Aos professores do Mestrado em Artes da UnB pelos aprendizados. Aos colegas do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes da UnB pelas trocas e incentivos. Aos professores, mestres e colegas de dança, pela inspiração e cumplicidade. 6 RESUMO Aborda idéias de dois importantes provocadores da dança moderna: François Delsarte e Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, bem como influências exercidas por suas idéias e práticas sobre a dança cênica nascida no início do século XX, considerando o papel desempenhado nesse processo pela cultura física chamada Delsartismo Norte-Americano. Fornece dados e informações biográficas referentes a Delsarte e Dalcroze, assim como informações menos aprofundadas relativas a outros personagens da história da dança moderna, como Isadora Duncan, Ruth Saint Denis, Ted Shawn, Mary Wigman, Rudolf Laban e Vaslav Nijinsky. Apresenta o sistema filosófico de Delsarte para a expressividade gestual e o método de Dalcroze de aprendizado rítmico corporal. Ao discutir o Delsartismo Norte-Americano, ressalta e contextualiza a participação de Steele Mackaye e Genevieve Stebbins no processo de gestação da dança moderna norte-americana, bem como a reflexão de Ted Shawn a respeito da influência delsarteana nessa dança e a participação de Henrietta Hovey na Denishawn School. Por fim, relaciona o sistema de Delsarte com o método de Dalcroze e explora conexões existentes entre estes e inovações expressivas trazidas por emblemáticos representantes da dança moderna norte-americana e européia. Palavras-chave: François Delsarte, Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, Delsartismo, Dança Moderna, História da dança, Genevieve Stebbins, Steele Mackaye, Estética Aplicada, Rítmica, Eurritmia, Movimento Rítmico. ABSTRACT It addresses the ideas of two provocative modern dance: François Delsarte and Emile Jaques-Dalcroze as well as influences exerted by their ideas and practices on the new dance born in the early twentieth century, considering in this process the role played by the physical culture called North American Delsartism. Provides biographical information and data relating to Delsarte and Dalcroze as well as less detailed information relating to other personalities involved in the history of modern dance, like Isadora Duncan, Ruth St. Denis, Ted Shawn, Mary Wigman, Rudolf Laban and Vaslav Nijinsky. Presents the philosophical system of Delsarte for gestural expressiveness and Dalcroze method of rhythmic body learning. In discussing the North American Delsartism, highlights and contextualizes the participation of Steele Mackaye and Genevieve Stebbins. It also deals with the reflection of Ted Shawn about the delsartist influence and participation in this dance, as well as the Henrietta Hovey participation on the Denishawn School. Finally, it relates the Delsarte system with the Dalcroze method and explores connections between these and expressive innovations brought by significative representatives of North American and European modern dance. Key-words: François Delsarte, Emile Jaques-Dalcroze, Delsartism, Modern Dance, Dance History, Genevieve Stebbins, Steele Mackaye, Applied Aesthetics, Rythmics, Eurhythmics, Rhythmic Movement. 7 SUMÁRIO Prefácio .............................................................................................................................. 10 Introdução ........................................................................................................................... 12 1 O corpo é a alma em questão: François Delsarte, seu sistema para a expressividade gestual e o Delsartismo Norte-Americano 1.1 Considerações iniciais: Delsarte e suas idéias ........................................... 21 1.1.1 François Delsarte ............................................................................. 28 1.1.2 O pensamento substrato do sistema ............................................ 31 1.2 Sobre o sistema de Delsarte .......................................................................... 37 1.2.1 A lei da correspondência ................................................................. 42 1.2.1.1 Gesto e respiração .............................................................. 43 1.2.2 A lei da trindade e o acorde de nona .............................................. 44 1.2.2.1 Tensão e relaxamento ........................................................ 54 1.2.3 Os sete agentes anatômicos e as três zonas do corpo................. 55 1.2.3.1 Os domínios do espaço ...................................................... 56 1.2.3.2 Comportamentos, atitudes, inflexões e acentos ............. 57 1.2.3.3 As três zonas do corpo ....................................................... 59 1.2.3.3.1 A zona moral ......................................................... 59 1.2.3.3.2 A zona vital ........................................................... 60 1.2.3.3.3 A zona mental ....................................................... 62 1.2.4 Oposições, paralelismos e sucessões ........................................... 66 1.2.5 O acorde de nona na expressividade corporal .............................. 68 1.2.5.1 Cabeça ...................................................................... 72 1.2.5.2 Globo ocular ............................................................ 74 1.2.5.3 Sobrancelha ............................................................. 76 1.2.5.4 Pálpebras ................................................................. 78 1.2.5.5 Nariz .......................................................................... 80 1.2.5.6 Perfil ......................................................................... 82 1.2.5.7 Boca .......................................................................... 84 1.2.5.8 Braços ...................................................................... 86 1.2.5.9 Mão ........................................................................... 88 8 1.2.5.10 Pernas .................................................................... 90 1.2.5.11 O corpo como um todo ........................................ 92 1.2.6 As nove leis do movimento ............................................................. 94 1.2.7 O compêndio ..................................................................................... 98 1.3 A difusão do sistema .................................................................................... 100 1.3.1 O delsartismo norte-americano .................................................... 101 1.3.2 Steele Mackaye ............................................................................... 112 1.3.3 Genevieve Stebbins ....................................................................... 117 1.3.4 Ted Shawn ....................................................................................... 126 Considerações intermediárias I .......................................................................... 136 2 Ritmo e expressão musical pelo movimento: o pensamento de Emile Jaques- Dalcroze e seu
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